Yeshiva University - Masmid Yearbook (New York, NY)

Text from Pages 1 - 104 of the 1941 volume:

MASMID ff •8 JUNE 1941 li fti September 17th, 1 885— December 1st, 1940 To This MASMID Is Respectfully Dedicated h OSSESSED of ii 1 ' is.ioii mid (I sji ' niliidi s rcux hc- yoiiil his hoilHy l ()ii ' ( ' rs, ciinl n love ll)(il in iiilcr disri- y,cird of self yciichcd out to all ciyoiiiid bin , J :7 V ) REVEL dri ' tinu ' d a drctun of ,i Iniicn of ciil iiyc in the home of his faifl.i — cind tl.n-ony,h the f error of his fai h he iiiiide that dremn come rue. Jr ILLAK of resolution iipliftiny the eternal Ycshiin henenth the star of Lion, he felt iis his on n tl.ie burdens of all his snfferiiii brethren throiii h the uorld ; tbroiii h him and the many iiho haie rown in his ways, a com- fort and a li htcnin o forth us a uiiic that shall ripple in human fellowship down the farthest shores of time. As he truly said, in his last iiords to his disciples: my life ' s work, my life, is yeshiva. axd the students are yeshiva; and yeshiva, the students, you, and all who came before you, and those who shall come after you, are my life. THROICH TUFM 111: WILL I ' l.Ol Rl U FOREIER. 6 J eipleii k M A S M I D pie66 — )neep When ' twtis willed tihit ,u,lury he removed Leiii ii} lonely eii l}li ess behind; When fliinied fate lumquished once a ain Cutting short precious threads of gold ; Then felt we desolate, unspared, and knew We were as helpless sheep without a guide. How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war Perished! Only after a loss is suffered Know we the gain in having ivhat is now gone Beyond our unavailing cries of recall. Alas! Time does not reverse itself To succor helpless sheep without a guide. But knowing what is missing means knowing What is needed — means knowing what is good. The past, germinated by the present, Makes the hazy outline of the future, And shows lofty aims, ideals and hopes To many helpless sheep ivithout a guide. Yet, consolations of a flitting hour Meagerly repair the wound that years Alone may heal; though tve form designs Of high perfection coming, feel we must, That tve are forlorn in formless, empty chaos And are — as helpless sheep ivithout a guide. — Seymour Krutman Four FACULTY 1 esliiva College is by design a small college, with a body of select students, so that it may always maintain that close personaJ contact between faculty and students which stimulates thought and helps to build character. MOSES L. ISAACS, Ph. D. Chairman, Executive Committee JACOB I. HARTSTEIN, M. S., M. A. Registrar and Secretary of the Faculty Assistant Professor of Education ROSE LEVITAN, B. S., LL. B. Bursar DAVID A. SWICK, M. D. Medical Director T A S !M I D THEODORE ABEL, Ph. D. Associate Professor of Sociology MEYER ATLAS, Ph. D. Instructor in Biology SAMUEL BELKIN, Ph. D. ■ ' rofessor of Hellenistic Literature SIDNEY D. BRAUN, M. A. Instructor in French ALEXANDER BRODY, Ph. D. Associate Professor of History PINKHOS CHURGIN, Ph. D. Professor of Jewish History and Hebrew Literature f t - f .; ■■ k ■ . m;M KENNETH F. DAMON, Ph. D. Associate Professor of Speech, Music SOLOMON FLINK, Ph. D. Associate Professor of Economics M 4 S M I D ALEXANDER FREED, M. D. Lecturer in Hygiene JEKUTHIEL GINSBURG, M. A. Professor of Mathematics Eight ISAAC GOLDBERG, B. A., B. L. S. Acting Librarian SIDNEY B. HOENIG, Ph. D. Instructor in Jewish History LEO JUNG, Ph. D. Professor of Ethics BRUNO Z. KISCH, M. D. Professor of Chemistry NATHAN KLOTZ, Ph. D. Assistant Professor of Bible 19 4 1 PHILIP E. KRAUS, M. A. Insfructor in Education ELI M. LEVINE, M. A. Instructor in Chemistry IRVING LINN, Ph. D. Instructor in English M A S M I D ALEXANDER LITMAN, Ph. D. Associate Professor of F ' hilosophy JOSEPH H. LOOKSTEIN. M. A. Lecturer in Jewish Sociology Ten ARNOLD D. LOWAN, Ph. D. Associate Professor of Physics AARON M. MARGALITH, Ph. D. Assistant Professor of Political Science LOUIS A. L. MINTZ, M. A. Assistant in Latin SAMUEL K. MIRSKY, M. A. Associate Professor of Bible ISRAEL RENOV, B. S. Assistant in Art 19 4 1 RALPH P. ROSENBERG, Ph. D. Instructor in German SHELLEY R. SAFIR, Ph. D. Professor of Biology M A S M I D Bdnir arc listed the names of those faculty members ivhose pictures do not appear in the preceding pages. SELIGMAN BAMBERGER, Ph. D. IRVING KOSLOWE, B. A. y Laboratory Assistant in Chemistry STEFAN BERGMANN, Ph. D. MENASSEH LUCACER, M. D. Assistant Professor of Chemistr Instructor in Mathematics RALPH COHEN, B. A. Assistant in English BERNARD DRACHMAN, Ph. D. Professorial Lecturer Emeritus in hiebrew Instructor in Hygiene ABRAHAM LUCHINS, Ph. D. Instructor in Psychology JOSHUA MATZ, M. A. Assistant in Mathematics BERNHARD FLOCH, Ph. D. NATHAN RESNICK, B. A., B. S. Assistant Professor of Latin Assistant in English MORDECAI L. GABRIEL, M. A. Laboratory Assistant in Biology JACQUES GOLDBERGER, M. D. Instructor in Biology JACOB GOLDMAN, B. A. Laboratory Assistant in Physics ABRAHAM B. HURWITZ, M. A. ROBERT C. WHITFORD, Ph. D. Instructor in Physical Education Professor of English DAVID KLEIN, Ph. D. SOLOMON ZEITLIN, Ph. D., Th. D. JACOB SALZMAN Executive Director of Finance SAMUEL L. SAR Instructor in Bible NATHAN SAVITSKY, M. D. Instructor in Psychology Associate Professor of English Professor of Jewish hUstor Tweli CLASSES 1 esliiva College dedicates its eneri;ies to the education oj selected groups oj Jewish young tnen. It aims to educate liberally as nell as Jeivishly. young men ulio consider the com- plete understanding of the culture and the faith of historic Judaism an essential part of the equipment to be acquired during their college rears. O M A S M I D 19 4 1 Fifteen if lib r « - • ♦ ; O O MASMID SENIORS SAMUEL F. MEYER, President ABRAHAM N. ZUROFF, Vice-President JEROME H. ROSEXBLUM. Secretary PHILIP M. GELLIS, Treasurer GABRIEL SCHONFELD, Athletic Mgr. UJaze of wT tr uJeav ' S Education i.- liti ' . jay.- John Dewey and What a Life! sigh forty-five harassed Freshman as the hiirsar tries to take the shirts of! our hack hut it is too late . . . the medical exam had already done so . . . And so into Our Freshmae Year Among the neophytes are Charley Shoulson who tries to control The Wave of the Future with his fingers . . . Maurice J. Wohlgelernter who speaks English . . . Gelbart, just one of the boys, who seems very sane . . .Joe Adler, our only major in Health Education, goes into a four year coma . . . We begin the process of becoming erudite fools by considering the welfare of The ' Nation, MEANWHILE stringing a beautiful Linn . . . In Speech, we are given the opportunity to Damonstrate that our pronunciation is ng . . . also d for th . . . Chanover and Isaacson begin a bad habit by taking over the Presiden- tial and Vice-presidential posts respectively . . . Hy gets the ' governing urge when he receives the Feuerstein Award . . . We are introduced to Machiavelli in the form of A. Lion with a black moustache . . . By the way, wasn ' t Gersh Appel supposed to be President of the Student Council? . . . Finding the extra year of college which is planned for us an opportunity for further studv, we institute Universitv Extension courses on Lane-181 but we get no credit for our enthusiasm . . . Much fanfare attends Yeshiva ' s one million dollar drive but after the cork is removed from the floors, they come down to earth with a bang . . . There are no women at Ycshiva so Ludwig Lewisohn accepts an invitation to address the school . . . The problem of will and ac- tion is solved successfully by the Seniors who score a perfect mark in the first Wasserman Test given at Yeshiva . . . Some of us see that not all dirt is concentrated in our dormitories, as we see Erskine CaldwelFs Journeyman . . . The Registrar ' s psychological complexes grow more complex as he records the IQ results of the class . . . We decide not to hog all the glories and cop only the Intramural Baseball Championship, leaving a victorious Class Night stili a thing to be accomplished but WAIT TILL NEXT YEAR!!! ... In We notice that the class has been K-0 d as Pit Kolman, Benny Karp, Marv Karp and Mike Kramer desert the ranks . . . We are privileged to watch the collapse of a dynasty of restau-RAT-eurs . . . Chanover and Isaacson rocket into office; the five year plan rockets out ... A few stalwarts take a dare and sign for Physics . . . Wohlgelernter begins to revive the glories of the eighties and nineties (need we explain?) . . . Flies are caught in the History classes . . . Blossoming proletarians revolt as they survey an English survey course M A S M I D • • ■ Damon-sthenes leeringly waxes eloquent (from the other side of the door) as the boys longingly peer through the window panes . . . We turn the tables on Doc Houdini Hurwitz by doing a disappearing act after the role is taken Eig iteen . . . Olli ' I ' i ' ciirli I ' hiHH JH iinylliiii) Itiit ;i ' -IikIn in ltt;iiiii . . . Sluili ' iitb )£ iifi iriiliiil jr|ilil(iNrs ()( ' llnir iiiHlriK ' lorv :it iIh- (ir-l Slmliril l:iiiilly Mixer (ihi- rrviBcd cill My.slciii vviiw iniiii iiriitrd iil llii ' Ixfiiiiiiiiif. ' i lli Icnn i . . . Mr. I, -viin- iiiHlructH ihc ciifTH of Siiiii l{ccr Iroii ' rr-. mi ilii -iilij.ci i,| .ii imi-pliiric in- Icrl ' rrf-rKcs . . . Slloiilsoii MliU |-( i|.iii(r for lii- M;ir illr . . . I.. .n;ir l l).viiif i al)!iiiil(iiis iIk ' iiiiiiilcr .m lirii li in favor of tin- Fuller Hrii li . . . Kli Sar i- -till relieenl on llie Mihjec ' l of ' Ileliol . . . Tlie line. ' |{rrm I, .m-. I . , . aroii and Vloisli jio Two-in-Oiie li(ie |loli ■ll one lieller . . . Our li;il- a):ain haek Twilehv l aeluini s pileliin iIiii.k driving; our opponent- lialt . Tlie re-ull? Aiiollier sofll.all eliani|.ionslii|. team . . . Clai- Nile Oli. y- ' . Well, y.,- -till have two more Irie.s. ir Jeeioir Year ( ' alapultic convulsions and revulsions over -onie us ;i- ue lind that nothing is hut l.ilinan . . . The fjood professor hypostatizcs his own alui ' uhen he exclaims. Onolc. there is hut one Litnian, llncpiote (But this is not for puh- lieationl . . . Hartstein waxes Wilds as we ohject to heing hooked up for a i ' ourse in education . . . TIk- cold .Aseh of Psyeholofiv flares up in the lee- lures of Dr. Luchins . . . 7 ' ie ' It ' inpi ' st turns iur trip to Uoe Klein ' s home into a Comedy of Errors, hut we finally fjet there. And the moral of thif- If iiih ' r ' s Tall ' is that Lovi ' s Lithoiir is r( warded Measure for Measure ... In oui- philo class we dis ' over that the onlv orthodox Je« ha- moved in — next door to G-d . . . The flood professor is loyal to the Mo-aic law. Iiul his hetter half invokes the Monroe do -lrine . . . Our registrar sees ' ' Sweet Nellie Home — also Ruth. Augusta, etc. . . . ( .ommentators remark upon the justice of the ] roceediiigs . . . Dachowitz tries to mix j ersonaI with International Relations hut gets the Air-on . . . Moishe hecomes a zadik and finds it doesn ' t pav . . . Lack of space on the fourth floor causes the Executive-Committee lo annex Harry ' s Luncheonette . . . Moses the Law-Giver, inserihes his judge- ments on a Pincns while Samuel stands hy ready to aniioint a new king . . . Silent Saul Gopin was ] rcsident of our class, in ease you ' ve forgotten . . . Daehowitz a])plied the sound eflfocts . . . How high is Hy ? Commentator editor at least . . . The howl of the Wolves penetrates the inner sanctum oi the first floor . . . Doc Litman speaks ahout more than one kind of Peace at a Peace Day Asscmhly . . . The Exec-Connnittee introduces a five-dollar fee — .students ohj ct . . . INo live-dollar fee . . . Moe einherg is Cast in the Dee]) of the Blue when he hecomes an egg in the eyes of his classmates . . . The Wizard of .Az does a vanishing act on his name . . . Need we add that we had no competition in hasehall and haskethall . . . NO. we didn ' t win at Class Nite. but we fi nished third . . . (Ed. Note — The cla. ' s of ' 40 did not ]iartici])ate) . iiir Seeior Year Seniors at eshiva — a place where directors sing a Stein song of ap- l)easement . . . here philosophers call Psychology an airy monster and ahnormal psychologists relegate Hegel lo the realm of the demented . . . The invasion commences as Brooklyn College hlitzkriegs the Quints and LIU sends ])ara-chutists into our English Department . . . Lieutenant Colonel Freed Nineteen 19 4 1 M A S M I D is sent xip to Camp Dix ' down derr . . . Jerry Roscnbluni inherits the Business Managership ot the 1941 MASMID — debts and all. aided and abetted by HeUer . . . Mike Heller ' s conduct as President of the Debating Society shows clearly the distinction between nominalism and realism . . . Frank sleeps his way through a year of Commentator editorshij) but remains awake long enough to do a disappearing act when troul)le appears . . . Aaron Kra shows new business techniques in clearing up a Co-op Schick debt by selling more Schicks . . . Elvin. who came in like a lion, walks out with a lioness . . . Sol Hasiuk turns father, mother and big brother to a litter of rodents . . . Gabe Schonfeld grows note-conscious, musically and stenograpbically . . . ' Shpinner ' Rosenstock. the jibilosopber-gigolo attempts to synthesize the jdiilosophv of love with the love of philosophy . . . Flo Gribetz. latest in secretarial fasiiions. acts as mother confessor to the boys . . . Mr. Gristle teaches us a part and parcel of the subject of education — that is to some extent . . . Mr. Kraus teaches us the rudiments of self-defense against Golden Glovers . . . Hartstein gets an opportunity to add another title to his long list . . . Lilnian climbs another rung towards the Sniicha Committee when he catcher Morris R. Cohen miscjuoting the Bible . . . Yes, we won the Intramural championship but CLASS NITE. CLASS NITE. WHY HAST THOU FORSAKEN US . . . This is the Yeshiva we have known. True, it has not at all times appeared the objectivication of its sublime ideology. But, it has been the font of our inspiration, the primary motivation of our constant being and will continue to be the moral and spiritual guide through the labyrinthine paths ahead . . . Physically, we become attached from the institution to which we have dedicated the days of our blossoming years, but spiritually, we sail on, with Yeshiva part of our souls. € yD I luenty ke L o omnoiiCe in an of 41 ... is 2( ' 2 years old. slaiiils (Iti V ' . anil i(:li. I. ' )? | .iiiiiils . . . idiiHiderft Jack Ackcniiaii most |M | iilai- anil lianil-onirsl . . . Kpliraini Manilili urn is to liiin ninsl ItrillianI ami most liliiary . . . inliivrs llial Sol (iopin ami Kphraiin Manililroin ari- most irspi ricil ... is of iIk- opinion that M yir Heller is rnosl iinlnsliions . . . sees (Jaliriel Sihoilfeld as the class eonieilian . . . Iielieves that J. Leonaril A .neer and Kli Sar arc most likely to snceced . . . opines that Hynian Chanover did most for Yeshiva . . . thinks that Klvin Kosof ky is thp hiftHest social lifiht as well as th - class athlete ... is of the helief that Philip (Jellis is most naive, and (Charles Shoiilson and J. Leonard A .neer arc iiioet sophisticated . . . deems Knianiiel Kottenltt-rf: and Israel Kurz the class gentle- men . . . and adjiidfies Jerome H. Roscnldnni to he the hcst dressed . . . . . . hclieves that the most rcspeiled meniiier ol llw faiiilt is Dr. iielkin. and tlie most po])ular Dr. l.itman . . . and considers Dr. Savitsky the heft lecturer . . . . . . recalls that his hardest year was the Sophomore ye;ir: his most pleasant, the Senior year . . . thinks Chemistry is the hardest ' onrse. and Ah- normal Psvcholopv the most enjoyable course . . . . . . intends to hecome a rahhi. and niarrv within the next five years . . . iias a notion that his colle iiate career was successful educationally, hut not sociallv . . . (is that whv he recommends co-education for colleges? I . . . would prefer a major service award to a Vi hos who among students kev . . . and considers Commentator the most worthwhile extra-curricular activity . . . hut still maintains that athletics and the movies are the hest forms of recreation . . . . . . hclieves the greatest male mind alive todav to he Alhert Einstein: the greatest female mind. Dorothv Thompson . . . considers Franklin D. Roose- velt the greatest political figure today . . . . . . would take the Bible, the works of Shakespeare (his favorite author and plavwright). and the Tahnud if he were isolated on an island . . . has Ernest Hemingway as his favorite conteni|)orarv author . . . prefers classical nuisic — especially Tchaikowsky . . . considers Maurice Evans and Helen Haves the best dramatic ] erformers. and Paul Aluni and Bette Davis the best cinema performers . . . enjoyed seeing Gone ' n the ind most, this year . . . ... on the radio he prefers either the Hit Parade or Glenn Miller for |)opular music: the Ford Symphonv for classical music: the Lux Radio Theatre for drama: and Raymond Gram Swing as favorite commentator . . . believes that Jack Beiniy is the greatest comedian . . . likes to read the Vpic York Times in the morninir. the ?teu- ork Post in the afternoon, and Life — when- ever he can lav his hands on it. 19 4 1 Twenty ' one Brddklyn, N. Y. Brddklyn, N. Y. . cd.eon.ai-a zneer Samuel 4. V3eer Philadelphia, Pa. Brddklyn, N. Y. M 4 S M I D Twenty-two —yr ifinaii ( uiiuit ' Cr ' ■ ' ooperbaiia Brqdklyn, N. Y. Winnipeg. Canada riiicM .UJacfiou ' if- ciLeonard y . Je Bfjodklyn. N. Y. Philadelphia. Pa. 19 4 1 Twent y-three M ASMID NEW YORK City rrlun ' aij Vl I. Ljfauef BRONX, N. Y. — ' o oLcJ. Ljopin Chelsea, Mass. f acoo —Manaler NEW YDRK City Twenty-jour Mk Philadelphia. Pa. rrleuer .teller BROOKLYN, N. Y. New York City Seattle. Wash. 19 4 1 Twenty-jive (L I I in . oiof NEWARK, N. J. UuJ A J(n Bdstdn. Mass. M A S M T D ■J eijinour cU., -J rulinan Jrn-ael -J urz Bronx, N. Y. Bronx. N. Y. Twientysix New York City . bntliain Jr. oListohin New York City C pliva ' un S , n ' landclcorn . cJ-eoiiard rfarieiufrauJ MONTREAL. Canada Przemysl. Poland 19 4 1 Twentv-seien M A S M I D BRONX. N. Y. RnCHESTER. N. Y. illiain Ui-entlickei- J4arru ill l. f edinulte BROaKLYN, N. Y. NEW YDRK City Tuienty-eight rlatkan r auinowtlz Jerome . f oseiiblit Brooklyn, N. Y. eroine Parkchester. N. Y. Ljeoi-qe Lj. Ko.wnitoch (Liiiuiiiifl ,uJ. f ottenbe Haben. Germany New York City 19 4 1 Tu enty-nine MASMID oLeon iKubindtein BRONX, N. Y. New York City Cjabriel J cltonfeld BRONX, N. Y. Matron 115. -2)eiaiiian Bronx, n. y. Thirty Philadelphia. Pa. Philadelphia. Pa. bralutin I ' l eiiwera rl orris VX eiiiberq Hartford. Conn. Spring Valley. N. Y. 19 4 1 M A S M I D =J,ewis -Al. l [ eintraub MONTREAL. Canada rlUr J. Weu.. SCRANTDN, Pa. U(? . lAJoktqelei ' iilpi- ' branain If I. —.urof TDRaNTD. CANADA Baltimdre, Md. Thirty-two LITERARY The riiainJenance oj a high standard oj organization and expression of English speech and uriling is at all times expected oj the student. In all his college uork. as uell as in the required courses in the department of English, he is expected to manifest proper command of the language. Dr. Revel . ' . .. Ulw MaJer By DR. FINKHOS CHURGIN Amcrioan Jewry and world Jewry in general has sustained an irreparable loss in the death of President Revel. Orthodox Jewry had in him an effective, daring, and far-seeing leader that did not rise on its scene for generations. Dr. Revel stemmed the tide of retreat from orthodox Judaism, pushed, pummelled and stunned by overwhelming forces of annihilation. and urged it on a forward course. He set into motion a new trend which, unhalted. is destined to produce a renaissance of orthodox Judaism with its tremendous consequences to our future history. In his capability to see things in their totality and beholding ideals in the image of actualities, he succeeded in accomplishing ends which by cold cal- culation were impossible of realization. He saw the reality in its fullness, instead of its metaphysical form. And in communion with reality, one docs not stop to consider or deliberate, and wait: he acts. Visualizing realities, the great teacher and leader. Dr. Revel, felt solid ground under his feet even in the domain of Utopia. The Yeshiva was a Utopia twenty-five years ago — but a clear vision to its builder. There was a love for Torah in the hearts of those pioneers who centered around this institution, and a desire to maintain some sort of traditional yeshiva in this country. It was primarily designed to serve as a haven for yeshiva students who emigrated here. None dared to seek for the Yeshiva a higher destiny. That was stark realism then. Nobody believed that the institution of Yeshiva in the new world was capable of growth or stimulation; nor could it possibly influence American Jewish life. Those who were guided by current experiences and observations could hardly perceive the establishment at the Yeshiva of a College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. It was a daring and novel idea: some considered such an enterprise dangerous. It was certainly a complicated affair which ordinarily would require much study and preparation. However, had the establishment of the College proceeded along the pre- scribed lines, it may have never emerged from the first stages of planning. All odds were against it, and to all practical judgment it was doomed to failure. But all forebodings and all imponderables could not weaken the determination of Dr. Revel to proceed with the immediate realization of that great project. Amid untold difficulties and in the face of impending disaster, he carried on his work with an assurance and an inner conviction which amazed _ even his most ardent followers. Some of his collaborators were, in those critical times, skeptical of the outcome. Dire predictions were flung at him, .t1 a 5 ItI 1 JJ hut he never wavered. For he was in the company of a new reality which others could neither see nor envision. I ' liirty-four His lriiiiii|iliH wrnt iliic l llir Inn- (|ii;ilil ol lii- li miIii -liiji. A Inn- I ' ii ' l ' T piiiHiicH hirt i l !iil with llic iii(xornl)l - forrc of l.ilr. JIf HiilFcrK nothing to Hliiiid Ik!Iwccii him mul Win idciil. So were all llir crcalorM of new ntovitmnniH anil llic autlioiw of (?r ' al aclH in Jrwinli and world liinlory. An a lr-adf;r, Dr. Kcvc! wan niw with liis ideal: llic Yi-Mhiva, liin ideal, followrd liiin cvorywhorr. HIh mind and IiIh heart never for ;i imiment wandered away from lh ; Yenhiva. Tliere wan no lure for thi-m oiitHide llie naered preeinet of the YcHhiva. It wa thin niniost eoneenlration and eoiiHtant wateli ov -r the ideal hy Dr. Revel, a charaeleriHlic eoniinon to all };real iTeat )rs. wliicli made |iii--il)lr ihe ri i- of the Yeshiva. Dr. Hevel could not remain ilalionarv. An ideal ir iiidcliiiile and in not confnuMl to a cireuniserihed area of achievement. Urncd on hy the Yefhiva ideal. Dr. H -vel ceaselessly reaehe l out for a new enrichment and new achieve- uienl. The Yeshiva must heeome {jrcater. and its sphere of influence wider, and its appeal stronjier. He was disturhed hy contentment — the breeder of inaction. His death has rohhed the Yeshiva of the mii:hl driving. ' ffircr which was inherent in his leadership. Lei us walk in ihe li lil of lii ideal. eJjau _vvr Floating in mist The I ' tillcy rises to meet tl.ie serried clouds Dispersing the nii jt Dan II glistens anew. The purple borizDii narinly glows Kay repeats ray Gleam gathers gleam Till the last uisps of darkness are sped. — Aarox Seidmax 19 4 1 Thirty-five Semantic L kanae5 in L natiih [A ordi of J ebfew Kynaln By ABRAHAM KARP I Kditok s VOTK: This study grt-ic out of a preliminary invi ' stigation in the English Composition class) English, in its growth and development, was greatly enriched by borrowings from other languages. The influenee ol Latin. Greek, and the Romance languages is all too apparent, and loan words from almost every known language eaii he found in English. The Bihie. as might he expeeted. is the ehief source of Hebrew loan words. These borrowings are eharaeterized in modern English by a literalness whieh they did not possess in their original forms. Eroni divers m( aniiigs in the Bihlieal Hebrew, these loan words have acquired a specific meaning in present-day English. This development from vague and indefinite to precise meanings is indicative of normal linguistic change. A study of Hebrew loan words reveals that manv of the borrowings have different conno- tations in the different passages, and that the commentaries often disagree on the meaning of a word in the same context. Perhaps the most universal of all words is Amen, meaning so be it , which is familiar to the Jews. Christians, and Mohammedans. It occurs thirteen times in the Old Testament, and from these passages it is possible to trace its develop- ment from an adjective to an indeclinable interjection. In its primitive form, amen was used to introduce an affirmative answer, as found in the passage. And Beneyahu. the son of Yehoyada answered the king and said, Amen: May thus say the Eternal the G-d of my lord the king . Rashi. conunenting on this amen, adds to it ' that Solomon may live : while Rabbi Levi ben Gershon says that this amen introduces a prayer. ' The first use of the independent amen occurs in Numbers V:22 And these waters that bring the curse shall go into thy bowels to cause the belly to swell, and the thigh to fall away, and the woman shall say Amen Amen. ' All the commentaries agree that these amens signify the acceptance of an oath, but differ as to why two amens are used. Thus, one of the early uses of amen was in solemn oaths. Amen with the meaning so be it is first found in Jeremiah XI :5 In order that I may fulfill my oath . . . and I answered and said .Amen my Lord ' . There is agreement among the commentaries that amen in this context denotes so be it . Rabbi David Kimchi noting Lord, so be it. During the Persian era, amen was the responsory of the people to the doxology of the priests and the Levites as shown by a passage from Nehemiah VIII:6. And Ezra blessed the Lord, the Great G-d, and all the people answered ' Amen, Anien . This use of amen has come down to us. aiul amen is used as a responsory of the people to this very day. In Tractate Ketuboth 66, we find amen used in response to the expression of good wish. The Rabbis had granted a widow a goodly sum of money, and she said to them, ' So shall ye decree for vour own daughters ' and thev answered and said ' amen ' . ' M ASMID I Kings 1:36 I Kings 1:36 I Kings 1:36 Thirty-six mn ' 13 ' n (6 Inirii oci ' iiriTil in tlir l ' iii li li laii ila ) ' n- larK a- iId- IiiiiIi riiitiiix anil vvjiH IIHC I al llw concJuHion of a | ray«;r an wan done liy llic Hclircui-. ' I liin ii : « r anK ' ii liaM lakcn ilH place in clnircli liliirfiv and lian the Maine ineaiiiiip a il hail in llie lenlli eeiiliiry. A verl) I ' orni of (imvn was ii.hi-iI hv TiiaikiTN in: I- linn- ii l)i-lii)|) on llie heneli that has not nnifli ' il the liinnliii|;. ' ' anil hv Soiilhev in . . . llii- very evi ' ninf; I have nint ' nti the volume. Ami-n uf a Mynonyni lor tin- lailliliil one was u.-eil as a lille lor Jesus. W ' yeliC useil in Hivelalinn 111:11: ■ ' Huh lliin es seitli inii ' ii. the laillilul witnesse. anil Nelson -iniilarls makes u-e of il in his I ' cn.ila anil I ' asls: .lesiis wiio is tin liiith i« i ailed tmtn. ' ' The-e two iiHcs of (inivii are now ohsolete. and loila tiinrii i-- ii-eil exilu-iveU at the eoiielusioii of prayers, to denote so he il. ' I ' lie meaning of the word iH ' lirniolli was always a matter of -peeiilalioli holh amon .lewisli and non-Jewish writers. Aeeordillf: to Samuel Koeharl in his Ilicrozoiioii. wliieli tri-ats of the animals of the Scripture, hvlu-iuolh in a liippopolamus. This view has heeii widely accepted by non-Jewish scholarH. The word Ix-hciniilli appears in Joh . L:I5: Only hehold Hehemolh. ' and is there used to ih-scrihe an animal of tremendous size: He stretches out his tail like a cedar . . . his hones like pipes of hrass: his frames like hars of iron. ' ' Ahraham ihn K .ra explains hvh ' ni th as a larpc animal than which none on earlh is larfier: ' - Rashi says tiiat it is pre) areil for the future ' inferrinf: that it is the s ior hnhor. while M ' .iiilas Zion iilentilir. it -peeilieally with ahor liabor. Rahhi Gershon hen Levi slates however that He - a living thing, that is his name. ' Wyclif. ill 1382. in translating the Bihle. and not heing ahie to find a word in the English language to correspond to it, transliterated i :r: a- hfiiinlh. Later tlie translileralion was made more accurately to hchvmoth. Ill the English language behemoth was never defined. It was thought to be a gigantic animal of some sort, and the uses of behemoth fluctuated aecor liiig to the user ' s conee|)tion of it. In the Chronicles of Troy we find ■■ ' i hoiii the Hehiues call Bemoth that doth in Latin playne express a beast full of cursednesse. Milton uses the word behemoth in Paradise Lost . Behemoth biggest born of earth : Shelley in Promelheiis Bound . The might of earth eonvuising behemoth : and Stowe in Uncle Tom ' s Cabin . He ' s a jierfeet behemoth. At the ])resent time, behemoth is used figiirativ ' ly to denote some extraordinarily large or strong being. The derivation of the word babel is a matter of dispute. Some etymologists claim that babel is compounded of two Babylonian words, ' bah (gate! and ili (G-dl: iience babel is the Babylonian equivalent of The Gale of God ' . This, they claim, was the name given by the Babylonians to the tower and city mentioned in Genesis XI: 1-9. The Bible however says that it was called Babel because there G-d did confound the language of all the earth. ' Abraham ihn Ezra, in commenting upon this passage, says that Babel is com- pounded of two Hebrew words, x: (bo) and : (boll, the fornier meaning there came and the latter anxiety or care . Babel would therefore mean there came anxiety or care . Another explanation is that Babel is com- pounded of the prefix 2 (boK meaning there , and ■: ( bolal • . meaning confounded. The two lanieds become one. and we have ■;: there con- founded ' . i) Tluukerv in 18S4: Soiitliev - 1812 Nelson ■ l.SS.I 101 Job XLil.S ...n-.a.-a s: r,:r,...„ 11) Job XL:1-. 18 12) Job L:15 r,:aa n n; :••. ' • ' ; r : ' x ri!i :r. : KM Job L:15 IT-; i:-.a ..-an:,, U) Job XL:15 .. T.:,-; T.ff...,, S) Job XL: 15 i: -a-.- = ' T, ' •;: s - , U V Genesis XI r ! .. r ' f ' = ' - ' ' -: zr •: ■:: 19 4 1 7 hittv-. ' seien Tlio varioii! ' iiioanings ot Ixihi-l in llio Kiiglisli laiifiuage ran lie traced haek to yclif translation of Genesis XI:9. Therefor was eallid the name of it Babel, for there was confounded the lippe of all the erthe. Thereafter the word babel was used to denote some form of confusion, visionary scheme, or a lofty structure. Milton in Paradise Lost uses babel to mean a lofty structure ' as does Steele in the Spectator. ' An obsolete meaning of babel, is its use for ' visionary schemes , as found in Savages Wanderer . The traitors near their babel schemes. The popular use of babel is as a scene of confusion or a con- fused assemblage. Fletcher illustrates this use in his Night talker . All the chambers are a mere babel, or another bedlam. Babel is now used to mean a confused medley of sounds but it is generally being displaced by its close kin ' babble. The word jubilee was brought into the English language by Wyclif in his translation of Leviticus XXV: 10. Thou shalt halowe the fyftieth year . . . he is forsothe the iubilec. ' ' Most of the connuentaries agree that the word f ' lV of which jubilee is a translation, refers to the blast of a ram ' s hom. ' Abraham ibn Ezra, however, says that it is like ni t. — dismissal or sending away, for on the year of the jubilee the Jewish servants were sent away. He also adds that the Rabbis say that jubilee is named after the ram ' s horn. Rabbi Moshe ben Nachman states that the word jubilee signifies freedom or liberty and says that it stems from ' ' 21 ' ' — to go back to. or to stream, for on the year of the jubilee each person returned to his original land-holdings. In the English language jubilee acquired several meanings. It was used by Austin in his Ranke ' s History , In Wurtemburg too. the Israelitish year of jubilee was preached to the peasants. Jubilee also came to mean a time of restitution, remission, or release. This use of the word can be traced back to the Hebrew practice of compulsory restoration of hereditary properties to their original owners or their legal heirs, during the jubilee year; and the emancipation of all Hebrew servants. Sir Thomas Browne used the word in this sense in. The first day of our Jubilee is death. Pope Boniface VIII instituted the year 1300 as a year of remission from the penal consequences of sin. during which plenary indulgence might be ob- tained by a pilgrimage to Rome, the giving of alms, and the performance of other pious work. The year was known as a ' year of jubilee. It was soon shortened from the centennial period to that of fifty, thirty, and twenty-five year periods. Now, an extraordinary jubilee is granted at anv lime, either to the whole church or to particular countries or cities. Jubilee, used to mean fifty years, is found as early as Chaucer. Our sexteyn and our ffermerer that ban been trewe freres fifty year they may now G-d be thanked of his loue. Maken hir lubilce and walk alone. It was used in the same sense by Sir Thomas More in If there he any truth in Astrology, I may outlive a jubilee. In a like sense, jubilee was used to mean the fiftieth anniversary of an event, although it is now used in a general sense to mean any anniversary. The present use of jubilee is to denote general or public rejoicing, usually at an anniversary of some event. Thus we see the semantic changes which have taken place in English words of Hebrew origin. M A S I I D 17) And still in viiin design new Babels. 18) The fond builder of Babels. d:? r.T.r, tc.r, ?:•, ' ...cr ' rinr; n;r r,N arm ' ;,, (20 21) Rashi says: -r- .- - ' pn Ds y; r,nv ?:•. ' nay ni;-.„ . lE-.rn or: r!;rn nxip:-. ...rz: ?:■. ' rn ' sr noN y ' tn-, n-.w •,0:,, (22 •,nt:nK 7k r ' N 7; :;■, ' rzT kt; ti ' ; ' ,T.-nr. y; p;i r:y ' |;nri ' jy i ' 3in;n ini- n ?,, (23 Thirty-eight ke S uhlmie and the f idicuic LCUlOUS By MOKHIS M |{(, )l.l 1- riiis is ii world of coiilriirlirtioii mid -oiilrii-t. Ni lil iiiid day. winter and .MiiiiiiiK ' r. rain and .Miinsliiiic. sloriri and calm, an- -(|iially incorporalc-d in llir |ialtciii tlia.l is nature. Ilalrrd and lovi ' . fear and ciinlidrnii ' . -orrow and jo . an cr and iM ' iii iianc) arc all citizens in llic realm iil cmnlioii. filincHH an l lieanly, hrillianee and dullness, wisdom and if;noranee. power and impo- tence ' njoy iniiiseriminalin represenlalion in what wi- are pjeaserl to call the abstract. ( ' apitalism and socialism, liierar -liv and anarcKv. autocracy and (lemoeracy. iIkmsui and atheism are complementarv clement- in the domain of ideas. ■ Su ' h a situation is nol to he deplored. ( )uile the e()nlrar . it i- lortunatc lor mankind that it does exist. For were it not for this denn-nt of variety, change, ami antithesis, life would he unenilurahle on the face of this earth. Eternal s])ring would evidently nol make for an ideal earth, just as eternal autumn would not. An ainiosjihere that is stagnant, a state that is perenniaL a sentiment thai is consistent, and a philosojthy that is unchanpinp. would lead onlv lo horedom. misery, and eventually to death. Life is endurahle for most of us onlv because we await change; because we expect, so to speak, the iinexpeeted. We want to live on hecau.se we fear that bv passing on we will have missed something. We are in perjjetual antieipation of the differ- ent, the strange, the bizarre. The sensational will always capture the head-lines on our newspapers, albeit the more eonimon may be the more important. An accident in the street, a soap-box orator, an unusual show-window display, or an Easter parade will never fail to attract and excite the otherwise listless passer-by. ' hy? Simply because they are variations or novelties which satisfy in a measure the yearning for change. That yearning is undeniable because natural and in adequate testimony of this fact stands civilization it-elf. From his earliest days of cave habitation, man has constantly evolved new things, new techniques, and new ideas, because of that strong desire for change which manifested itself in an interminable process of invention and discovery. The answer to the question as to why the conservative attitude is prevalent usually among the wealthy classes, and the progressive or liberal among the indigent classes, may lie partly in what has been said. The rich, bv reason of their money and power, can alford to satisfy their instinctive craving for variety by indulging in any luiniber of diverse activities, bv catering to their own unpredictable whims. The poor, by reason of their inability to do the same, are ever desirous of change, because their ftnidamental craving for variety is left largely unsatisfied. In the ease of one particular individual, myself, the entire system of change and contrast spoken of in the above paragraphs, has resolved into two elementary forces, ideologically as far removed from each other as the angelic Raphael from the infernal Satan. As a result of the simultaneous existence of these two forces. I have suffered a species of untold misery; sometimes this reduces itself to a profound melancholy bordering on unutterable despair. I am not certain if this despair will not ultimately entail suicide, for certainly during such moments, the thought of self-erasure seems neither foreisni nor fantastic. 19 4 1 Thirty-nine M A S M I D I find inysi ' ir torn between two worlds: the one in wliich 1 must inevitably exist, and the other towards whieh I eonstantly strive and aspire. The tragedy ol it all oeeurs when, alter having in a degree enjoyed ol the otl ' erings of the latter. 1 am rudely kieked in the shins by the lornier. And the contrast is heinous. With two billion other beings 1 live in a planet called Earth. 1 eat. drink, sleep, ride in subways and buses, shine niv shoes, bring the garbage down to the cellar, shovel the coal into the furnace, fasten and unfa.sten my garter, use the can-oj)ener on the can of tomato sauce, order my groceries, draw tip the totals on the account slips, dust my carpet, and 1 walk through the revolving door. I can ' t help doing all this. 1 must, since I live here on Earth. But I also think, write, dream, listen to a performance of Beethoven . Choral Symphony, read Milton and Shelley and Keats, see a presentation of King Lear , stroll by the sides of shimmering lakes on moon-lit nights, hear Caruso singing Massenet ' s Elegy . Menuhin plaving Mendelssohn ' s Violin Concerto, and Toscanini conducting the Third Symphony of Johannes Brahms. gaze at Rembrandts. gape at Raphaels, and marvel at DaVineis. All this I do because I choose to, because otherwise I just would not go on living. This is the world of my choice, and this it is that contrasts so sharply with the other, the prosaic and materially materia] world. For my part, I wish the latter could be done away with completely. To my mind, that would be nothing short of ideal. It ' s the hopeless impos- sibility of doing just that that sometimes drives me to distraction. For being recalled, as I always am, so harshly from the spiritual bv the ever-lurking, loathful, prosaic jars my soul and rocks my being to its very foundations. The contrasting and contradictory element of this world spoken of at the very beginning of these reflections, are complementary in nature, serving only to throw their antitheses into bold relief without, however, nullifying or counteracting each other. They can and they do exist in harmony very much like the contrasting colors of red and green, or blue and orange. But the contrasts between what is my conception of the ideal and the deplorable real, is not complementary: nor is it in any way harmonious. It is of a conflicting, nullifying and destructive nature. It is a titanic struggle between the .sublime and the ridiculous. S= Forty A FARTING FAREWELL By MAIJHICK N. W Oil I .(, I.I T H M IK Heavy cIoikIh liiiiif; ovfrlifii«l and fierce wiiKJH rilled alxmt iih. Niiliire ln!lr clf wuw ill iiioliriiiiin. We. Imh HtiideiitH. wlood weepiii) fil iitl) al lii ' open grave. In a I ' rw iiiofiienl.s the reniaiim of our great ! | iritiial leafier would lie lowered into tlieir final restiiif; plaee. Our heart! were heating loud and fa-I. These were our final neeondH logeth ' r. . . . Never to return! The thoiiglil was uiihelievaltle. i ' o more could we count among us our teacher, our leader, and our friend. ' l o whom were we now to turn? Who would guide us now in our « ' ourse? Morenu! You were engulfed from the early years of your life in a struggle defending Torah and its ideal.s. it was a hattle in which you oftt ' ii stood single- handed, against the forces of hatred and heresy nestleil in our midst. But as your role in the hatlle ends, dear teacher, you have already turned the tide: for you are the victor, passing on to us the fruits of victory. Out of the chaos vour hrilliant idealism has created an everlasting monument. In the last week of your life, you summed up your complete attitude. You described the monument which you had built, as it will be twenty five years hence. Our Yeshiva — the potent force in uorld Jewry. It shall be the spiritual shrine to which everyone will look for guidance, and will be a refuge from the vicissitudes of life as they unfold with relentless speed. Those of the outer world, they saw it uot. They knew not of ideals, or life, or truth. Their material existence blinded their visions: they were caught in the swift current of ignorance, malevolence and endless misery. They knew no happiness; their struggles were in vain, for these carried with them no faith or love. Rabeiiu! We. vour students, understood you. How often that vision re- turns and penetrates our minds as you sat expounding your last Shiur. In obvious pain, vour eyes closed, your head erect, you inspired us as ever, as you expounded the words of Torah to us. We shall never forget that which is the binding link between us and our Creator — the Torah and its teachers. . . . These were our thoughts as we watched the casket sink slowly into the earth, ' arm tears of adoration trickled down our faces. Inwillingly we re- traced our steps. We stopped and lingered for a moment. Morenu eRabenul . . . Sholom! . . . 19 4 1 ' nioiiii hc L i ' darS Matlt fallen M jrlai Bv HYMAN CHANOVER I Editor ' s note: The iirlicle that follous is the text of an address delivt at the Hesped of our beloved President. •d by the author AX e have sustained a great Iosj;. An irreparable eraler lias been left in the heart of our institution at the departure of our benefaetor, our very sus- tenanee — Dr. Bernard Revel — n;-;? pnV t To utter words of eulogy is to place a liniitalion upon his almost infinite vision. To speak highly of any one phase of his work at Yeshiva and Yeshiva College, is to deny one s self the ecstasy derived from a glimpse of eternal greatness. Neither the pen nor the instruments of human sj)eeeh can adequately describe the calibre of work, the quality of devotion and self-denial which our pathfinder and guardian angel dedicated to the dissemination of Torah in America. np! ' at; ' — G-d has taken what He has seen lit to take: but He has not taken all. n ' n; nU ' ' C ' ? : ' p ' ' N -I ' m- -iiy — the Lord has permitted something to remain. The corporeal, the bodily existence of our captain is no more; gone, interred in the earth from which man was molded. But the spirit, the con- secrated spirit remains forever, here with us. an undctachuble part of this great institution: its very life. For about us at this very moment, flutters that creative spirit, that guiding holiness, that immortal soul. The very idea of Yeshiva and Yeshiva College is the expression of the greatest personality American Jewry has possessed. Dr. Bernard Revel. ' ' Vt . was in himself a personification of those prin- ciples which underlie tlie subsistence of this institution. His lifelong objective was to create a unit — an all-inclusive unit — which would serve as a center of Torah for the enrichment of Jewish communities, and for the advancement of the values of Judaism, ftiscd and harmoniously blent ivith the knoivledge of the ages. The raison d ' etre of Yeshiva College was. as he conceived it, the achievement of a perfect svnthesis between religious and secular learning. Yeshiva College was to be an undetachable arm of Yeshiva: both were to signify one and only one philosophy; both were to be known as one and only one institution. With his divine vision, he conceived of it. and with his undying labor he constructed it. M A S M I D Culturally and extra-culturally it bears his seal. Curricularly and extra- curricularly it displays his imprint. There does not exist the phase of activity at Yeshiva and Yeshiva College which does not manifest the spiritual presence of its inspirer. There does not exist the activity which is not indebted to the powerful guiding ability of our deceased father. Everything that is. is because of his direction and inspiration. Everything thai has blossomed, has blossomed through his untiring efforts. His students were his whole life — as he «a.- theirs. Hi? pupils were his children, and like a mother eagle, he protected them against alien onslaughts. He inspired them; he guided them: he preserved them. Forty-two Holy lallKT, iiuw III II.MVfiil (;;iii-r tliin il lipilil l i I -li ' l upon oiir piipilH. Hover iilioiit iIk-iii now as licroic. (iiaiil llniii li lit llial llii- may sec llic infiriilc wisiloni of your Iriii-liiii . Slrrii)illii-ri lliiiii llial llwy may oon- liiiiic to carry lovvar(ln ' oiii|ili-lioii llic task i ii -il cml |i aci-oiiipliKh — -the lawk wliicli involves llie inainlenanee of Ychliiva ami V -lii a (lojleife an one iinil l enl n|i iri llie disseriiiiial Ion iil lorali. Hesi assured. () liol falliei ' . llial im- piiil -liail liiij; i anMint: ii- li.reM-r. JJlic J nirif of Jriit ' eiitic A frciiiiiiy, brain with images bizarre, Mindless that regularities demand Appointed meals and sleep — pcradientitre bar Untimely inspiration ' s calling hand, Encloses self in its own haunting land And to the world outside, as if all blind, Seeks on the shores of reason ' s golden sands. To drau a pattern never yet designed. If may be that light from a distant star In the obscure recesses of his grand And ever azure inner heaven, will mar Repose, and trouble every organ and gland Until with determined effort to withstand Opposing hindrances, he comes to find If possible by some inside command To draiv a pattern never yet designed. Some will call him curious — from afar And mock his concentration and his stand For worldlessness; but heedlessly his car Of thought tells him to carefully expand The seed, which a sudden dream has made a brand To fire his active, unrelenting mind ; For he, no matter how, must understand, And drau- a pattern never yet designed. -Seymour Krutmax 19 4 1 Fortv-threc KANT, the Mediator By GEORGE G. ROSENSTOCK The hiiniaii mind throufihout the ages has heeii puzzh-d and stirred to contemplation hy these eontradietory tendencies that nature appears to exhibit in its process: the stable and the unit ' orni as])ect ol ' existence on the one hand, and the unpredictable and precarious aspect on the other. The harmony ol ' nature s cycle of seasons, with its blossoming, withering, and never-failing rejuv- enation. has invariably been the ins] iration of the great masteve. The sudden, unexpected tragedies that nature visits upon human life — plague, famine, disease — have often driven thinkers to seek refuge in stark skej)ticism. John Dewey, in expressing this apparent inconsistency in nature, maintains that we live in a world which is an impressive and irresistible mixture of sufficiencies, tight completeness, order, recurrences which make possible prediction and control and singularities, ambiguities, uncertain possibilities, processes going on to consequences as yet indeterminate. It has been a fundamental theme of philosophic endeavor to establish a system of cosmology that would account for the apparent discrepancy mani- fested in the universe. In the attempt to coerce nature ' s recalcitrant material into the shape of a philosophical structure, thinkers have often laid undue emphasis on one of nature ' s conflicting aspects, and subordinated the other to comply with the general doctrine propounded. Philosophers who felt the strange fascination for the awe inspiring harmony of the universe, advanced the claim that this permanence was truly representative of reality. Others, appalled bv the apparent indiscriminate power which plunges the so-called stable world of ours into catastrophe, succumb to the notion that this world ' s destiny is subject to the frivolous whims of chance. The attitude, taken toward the question at hand, will reflect itself in the position assumed to a no less significant issue — that of the potential power possessed by reason to comprehend the external world. The mind which delights in the contemplation of the eternal laws permeating the universe will magnify reason, the source of its illumination. Preoccupation with the fluctu- ating and contingent phase of nature, however, will effectuate a disparagement of reason and a denial of its objective existence in reality. The character of uniformity that nature allegedly reveals, will then be ascribed to the deceptive working of the imagination which can create this illusory permanence as art escape from distressing reality. The history of human thought thus witnessed the evolution of a vast array of conflicting philosophies, which can be divided into two distinct camps. On the one hand, thinkers have fallen prey to skepticism, and denied reason the power to render the universe intelligible. On the other, they have placed unimpeachable faith in reason and established a variety of metaphysical sys- tems, each professing the advancement of absolute truth. = It was the recognition of these conflicting views with respect to the po- A I 4 K IV ' f T rk tential power of reason, derived from a study of the ever-surging stream of ' - ' philosophy, that stimulated Immanuel Kant to abandon the traditional high- ' Experience and Nature . John Dewey; p. 47 FoTty-fouT vviiy  l ' irdcclivr iii(|iiii). Mr ilciliciiliil liiiii . -ll li a ri--cxiiiiiiiiiil ion ol m .i-uii iIk ' iiiHlrniiicMl id lalion.il .| ii jil ion arid lo an aiialvMiF ol it [lolctilial IMIWCI-. raiific. and coiiiixIriicN in ilcalin j with nialltTH of nii-laptiy) ical con- rriii. KanI coiiKidcKd il lo lie a powerful a|i|)ial to rcuHon to iuidrrlak - aiKW till ' nioHl dillirull ol ilM dilticH. nanirly. Hrll ' -kiiowlr(l(ic. and to inHliliiK- a four! ol ap|Mal wliirli f lioiild prolcrl tin- jii t rifilil ol na-on. I iil difnii -- llic uroiindlrss clainis. and -liould do llii not nl ■an ol in r-pon ild - l (ri -. Itnl accoi-diiig lo the rlcinal and nnallrrcd law- of reason. ' - Kant - major olijrrlivr was lo raise pliilosopin lo llir rank of a sricnn- lliat would i liininal -. such dialcrlical -onlroV(rsy as ccMild not willistand the trial ol verification in I lie newly erected standardH of reason, riie very object of th - critique of pure speculative ri-ason. KanI stales, consists in this attempt at chanj itiK the old procedure of niclapiiysie. and imparliiif! lo il tlie secure iiictliod of a science, after liaviiij: compiclcl revolut ioni .cd it. followinjr tile example of fieoinclr) and physical science. This critique is a treatise on the method, not a system of tlie science ilsidf: liiit il marks out neverlhidess the w li )le plan ol thai science — hotli with re}jaril to its limits and its internal orfiaiiization. I ' roper comprehension of the contrihution of Kant warrants a succinct review of the conception of reason, as propounded hy the two |)roponents of tlu- elashiiif; sehoids of lhoU(;ht. to which reference has heen made. Inti llectu- alisni and empiricism for it is hy these appellations that the ojiposin si)ecu- lalive camps are known — are he-l epilomi .ed in ihe positions of Harucli Spinoza and David Hume. An unshakeai)le faith in the infallihility of reason is the core of Spinoza ' s leaeliing. Reason to him is the key to tile understanding of the true essence of reality. John Dewey, in expressing this thought maintains that Spinoza was possessed hy the conviction tliat a true idea carries truth intrinsically in ilsell. so whatever must he thought must — and alone must he. in other words, reason provides its own guarantee and is subject to no outside factor for verification. Tiie same rationality that constitutes reason jtermeates the universe and determines its process in all the spheres of its existence. The manifestations of contingency in nature, however, are identified with the muti- lated perceptions of the imagination tiiat liave not been transformed by reason into rational conce|)tions. A true unilerstanding of tiie rationality of specific occurrences can only be attained through their arrangement in the proper seqiK ' Uce of anieceitent cause-and-efl ' ecl relationshi|). The validity ol a formal cliain of logical inqilications in itself enunciates truth. And Spinoza does not iiesitate to pursue iiis doctrine to its ultimate conclusion, by advancing a claim tiiat iiumun mind never before dared entertain: the liuman mind jiossesses an adequate knowledge of the eternal and infinite essence of G-d. ' Tiie proiilem of the qualification and competency of reason to comprehend true reality — a problem that represents tiie turniiigqioini in Kaiit s |diilosophy — does not exist for S|)inoza. Tlie Spinozistic inteilectualism lias not gone unchallenged. In fact, it has met with bitter antagonism in the pliilosopiiy of David Hume. Human mind to him. a passive, inanimate organ, possessive of no intrinsic power, depends for its acquisition of knowledge, exclusively upon the external world. Order and harmony, apparent in tiie universe, have no objective reality, but are the products of a process of liabit-formation by the mind wiiich associates similar occurrences in the realm of matter of fact , and imputes to this subjective, ariiitrary coordination of nature tlie character of certainty and necessitv. The objection nui justly be raised: What sort of mysterious power induces the mind to view this world of alleged eontiiigencv under tiie form of a neces- 19 4 1 - Critique of Pure Reason ' . Imnianuel Kant: Max Mueller Translation, p. W Forty-five M ASMID sary. inonlitKili ' il s liolc. il tin- iiiiK souiic of know lc(if;c is a worltl of un- related. diseoiineete«i entitiesy This oltjeetioii may be streiifitheiied l)y the fact tliat tlie laws of inathematies and plivsies wliieh are formed bv tlie mind, [jrove themselves a|)i lieal)le to the external vorld. This adaptability of the res cogitaiis — the realm of ideas — to the r ' .s fxtt ' iisa — the realm of matter of fact — establishes that subjeet-object relationship which constitutes the essence of orthodox philosophy. It was Kant. then, who attempted a reconstruction of the traditional sub- ject-object relationship that had been undermined by Hume ' s skepticism. The revolutionary character of this re-interpretation of subject-object relation re- veals the ingenuity of his philosophy. His critical investigation into the problem of the cognitive activity of reason with respect to the external world may be regarded as an endeavor at mediation between the two radically diver- gent doctrines of cognition, advanced bv the clashing philosophies dealt with before. Both empiricism and rationalism served Kant as a source of inspiration, and furnished him with valuable conceptions. Empiricism taught him that the cognitive activitv of reason cannot be divorced from the realm of exper- ience: that the very source of knowledge nuist be the realm of matter of fact. That all our knowledge begins with experience, there can be no doubt. For how should the faculty of knowledge be called into activity if not by objects which alTeet our senses, and which either produce representations by themselves, or rouse the activity of our understanding to compare, to connect, or to separate them — and thus to convert the raw material of our sensuous impressions into a knowledge of objects, which we call experience? With respect to time, therefore, no knowledge within us is antecedent to experience, but all knowledge begins with it. Rationalism taught Kant that reason is possessed of definite, intrinsic powers of its own, and that it takes an active part in the production of know- ledge. His famous words thoughts without contents are empty: intuitions (perceptions t without concepts are blind . ■ express adequately the synthesis of the respective conceptions derived from the opposing philosophies. The major objective of the following analysis will be to elucidate Kant ' s basic contention that all human knowledge grows out of a process of intricate collaboration of reason and the external world, and retains its validity only in its subject-object relationship. ... it is equally necessary to make our concepts sensuous, i.e., to add to them their object in intuition, as to make our intuitions intelligible, i.e., to bring them under concepts. These two powers or faculties cannot exchange their functions. The understanding can- not see. the senses cannot think. By their union only can knowledge be produced. A brief statement of Hume ' s analysis of the principle of cause and effect will be necessary to show how Kant resurrected the edifice of philosophy that had been shattered by Humes skepticism. Hume argues that the realm of matter of fact exhibits distinct, par- ticular occurrences that impress themselves upon the mind. To correlate the detached, dissociated instances of experience in a chain of necessary cause- and-effect relation, therefore, means to add to the external world a facult) ' that cannot be derived by em])irical observation. The human mind, however, in its formation of conceptions, cannot go beyond the realm of experience. 3II.id.: p. 41 Forty-six Iluiiii ' . llirnluic. (hiiu.- llii ' .i.iiclii ii.ii lli.il tin imiIi I ( mu-, -iin.l-.ll. c I i I. Ix- rrjcclcd iis Itciiif; ficl il ion ' iind ■fhliir.ivi ' . Iljr- c urn lii-i..ii will Ik- in- cviliiiilr on llic IiiihIs i.f llir ii«Hiirn|)li ni lliiil llic- -i. :iljii ol in.ill. i nl r;i l ;in l llw ■■riiilin of i«l ' ji ' ;iii ' (■..riiplclrly disMociiilc l mlilH-. I li. Iiimiiiii iiiiii ' l llirn ;mIs incrcly a :i iniiror tliiil piojcclH wIimI il iIimmIi- Ironi lli.- c lirnal world. The vny iinafjc oiil ul ' lln- world ol (■ lriii.il lliiiiii- irii|.r. •-- •. | ii|ioii iIk- mind onroirn lo i(alil . notion, llicnlori . w liiili i- not (onlainiil in ihe aiisorlx-d nialrrial nni,-l jic aMtil nlcd lo llic laliiical ion ol lli - iiriaf. ' inal ion. and thcn ' roiT. rcjccli ' d a. riclilions . Hume ' s ( ' onlcillioil of llic coinplclc dissociation ol llic ri-s rofiiluns ami llic res t ' xtcnsa marks llic very poiiil of departure of Kanl ' s philo-opln. A coiiipicle analysis of the realm of cxpcricinc Kant postulates, will lead to the realization llial llic world of cxlcriial tilings is iiol a dissociated entity detached from the human mind, hut is made up of a synthetic ()mpouiid of two constituent factors: the ohjcel of the external world, and pure a priori iiolioiis projected hy the complex apjiaralus of the liunian mind into these olijeit-. But ahhoufi;li our knowlcdpe liepins with experience, it does not lollow that it arises from experience. For it is quite possihle that even our empirical experience is a compound of that which we receive throuph iniprc-.sions. and that which our own faeuhy of knowledfie (incited only hy sen-uou inipre-- sions), supplies from itself a supplement which we do not di-lin). ' ni-li from that raw material until long practice has aroused our attention and r( nilcrcd us capable of separating one from the other. ' It will he interesting to note thai Kant proves his revolutionary conception of the realm of experience hy making use of the very arguments that imliiced Hume to deny the ohjeetive existence of cause and effect. Kant adopts Hume ' s contention of the contingency of the realm ol mailer of fact when he writes that ■ experience teaches us. no doubt, that somelliing is so or so. hut not that it cannot he different and that experience never imparts to its judgments true or strict, hut only assumed or relative universality (by means of induction), so that we ought always to say. as far as we have observed, hitherto, there is no exception to this or that rule. If. thi ' refore, a judgment is thought with strict universality, so that no exception is admitted as possible, it is not derived from experience, hut valid absolutely by n priori. His approval of Hume ' s doctrine of the contingency of the world of external things leads Kant consistently to the conception of an a priori that is characterized by strict, necessary universality and allows no exception. Empirical universality, therefore, is only an arbitrary extension of a validitv which a)iplics to most cases, to one that applies to all: as. for instance, in the proposition. All bodies are heavy ' . If. on the contrary, strict uiiiver- salitv is essential to a judgment, this always points to a special source of know- ledge, namely, a faculty of knowledge o priori. Necessity, therefore, and strict universality are safe criteria of knowledge a priori and are inseparable one from the other. ( 11 the basis of the presented chain of arguments adopted from Hume. Kant advances his revolutionary doctrine that the realm of matter of fact ' has no objective reality detached from the perception of the human mind. The world of external things, as perceived by the human imagination, pos- sesses as one of the constituent factors pure a priori notions that are furnished by the human mind. Time and space. Kant postulates, are not intrinsic in 19 4 1 Ibid.: p. 715 sibid.: 11. 716 llie «-. liTiial M)ilil. l)ul oIl titutc puro loriii.« of inluitioir jected by tlie mind into the world of experience. (|ici ' ' i |)tioii I . pro- M ASMID Assuuifd that all general truths, which at the same time bear the character of an inward necessity, must l)c independent of experience, clear, and certain of themselves the notions of time and space cannot be derived from the realm of experience. Time and space. Kant proj)oiinds. are the necessary and in- dispensable conditions for anv kind of j)erception to take place in the imagina- tion. Time and space are the very boundaries to which all human imagination is iiu ' scanably confined. Outside of time, no occurrence in the stream of events can be thought of: outside of space, no object o( the world of external things can be imagined. The intrinsic character of necessity and universality that the notions of time and space reveal, establish them irrefutably as pure, a priori intuitions, independent of experience, clear and certain by themselves. The external world, therfore. does not present itself to the human senses as a distinct, dis- sociated entitv in itself, but constitutes an irreducible compound of objects and a priori notions instilled into them by the mind. Kant does not hesitate to pursue this doctrine to its ultimate conclusion when he denies to the notions of time and space objective existence, independent of the human imagination, and professes them to possess merelv a subjective realitv. To make use of Kant ' s peculiar, original tenninology, the ' doctrine of the ideality of time and space renders necessary a distinction between the realm of ■phenomena , perceived by the human senses; and the realm of noumena (die ding an sich ) impenetrable by human intellect. What we mean to say was this, that all our intuition was nothing but the representations of phenomena; that things which we see are not by themselves what we see, nor their relations by themselves such as they appear to us, so that, if we drop our subjects or the subjective form of our senses, all qualities, all relations of objects in space and time, nay, space and time themselves, would vanish. They cannot, as phenomena, exist by themselves, but in us only. It remains completely unknown to us what objects may be by themselves and apart from the receptivity of our senses. We know nothing but our manner of perceiving them, that manner being peculiar to us, and not necessarily shared in by every being, though, no doubt, by every human being. This is what alone concerns us. Space and time are pure forms of our intuition (perce|)tion I . while sensation forms its matter. What we can know a priori — before all real intuition (empirical observation I are the forms of space and time which are therefore called pure intuition, while sensation is that which causes our knowledge to be called a posteriori knowledge, i.e., empirical in- herent in it, while sensations themselves may be of the most different char- acter. Even if we could impart the highest degree of clearness to our intuition, we should not come one step nearer to the nature of objects by themselves. We should know our mode of intuition, i.e., our sensibility, more completely, but always under the indefeasible conditions of space and time. What the objects are by themselves would never become known to us, even though the clearest knowledge of that which alone is given us, the phenomenon. The doctrine of the ideality of time and space enabled Kant to escape the destructive skepticism of Hume that led the latter to a denial of an intrinsic cause-and-effect relation in the world of ext ernal things. It is self-evident that a theory of complete dissociation of the res cogitans and the res exiensa deals a death-blow to scientific pursuit. In whatever esteem Kant ' s philosophy may be held, credit cannot be denied him ibr having re-established science on new sound grounds. He set out on his laborious task with a definite aim in mind: to uphold scientific enterprise. BIbid.; p. 34 Forty-eight We iiilnid l i iiiiikr llic cxix-iimriilt wIh ' IIht it if not |ii - ilili ' to ' iii lii(:t |-(;iiH ii Hiifcly liclwe -ii iIk-hi- two rockn, to iiHHigii to tier driiiiiti- liiiiitH. uiid yr;t lc k ( ' |i open for lirr the | ro|ii r field for nil lirr ;i«:livili . Ill our liiirf irvii-v of lliiiiir ' h I iiiid;iiii) ' iitiil position. v,i- liiivc niincd th ; |ii-ol)loiii of the ii| pli ' aliilily ol ' iiiiitliriiiatii ' iil I ' oriiiiiluf and tin- lavvh of g -n -ral («!i ' nc - to tlir n-alni of nialtt r of fact which Hunic failed to account for. On the. hawiH of the d ) -lrinc of lime and M|(a«:c thi pmhleni n-ceivcf a (lefinit« Holiilion. Our anaivHiH Iuin attempted to elucidate Kant ' n fundamental con- tention tlial time and H| a(-e, the two eMHcntial eonditionn of wnHc-pen-cption, an; not data (?iven hy ihinf H, hut universal formw of intelle(!t. into which all data of weuHe nui.st he i-ec -ivcil. Hcn -e. whatev« ' r ii true of these intlinpeiiHahltr forniH of [tcrceplion in their character of universality must equally apply to the ohjectH of | cr :eplion of which they constitute a nciessary. intrinsic part. The formal relations of mathematical axioms, con ' eived hy the intellect in space, will therefore conform to the world of external things. The formal chain of causc-and-cffect ndalion in time, then, applies to the specific occur- rences in the stream of event;-, hci-ause time as a necessary, universal form represents a constilu ' nl part of these events. Immanu l Kant had re-cslahlished the ha.-is (or scientific pursuit and paved the way for great ac-hievem -iit.- hy men of pcienee in suh equenl generations. ' Ibid.: p. 742 €. uenin 9 The sillying of the diiy The silence of the niy,ht Blend tones W .h ' n ei ' en n} colors cross the sky. — Aaron Seidmax 19 4 1 Forty-ni roin the n ' lusic Mall to [ jesliiua L oiieai Bv MEYER HELLER lie lilt ' in ili ' i ' ds. tiiil yairs: lit tlioufilita. in)t hreiitfis; In fi ' t ' liiifis. nol in fi{;iiri:s on i dial. It o should count time by heart-throbs; hi ' most lives Who thinks most, feels noblest, acts best. — Bailey As I walked through cushionecl corridors, downstairs, and up elevators to the hushed beige and brown offices that are headquarters to the kindly man behind the Music Hall, I felt that I had at last found the man who might have served as an inspiration for the poet, as he wrote those lines. There, behind a neat desk, sat the man who is responsible for the direc- tion of the vast enterprise that is Radio City, but 1 was not concerned with that part of his life. It was for a reason closer to my own heart that I decided to see William G. Van Schmus. Why had this man taken the cause of Yeshiva and Yeshiva College as his own, and why did his interest in our institution remain almost an esoteric matter as far as the students were concerned? Speaking slowly and leisurely as he is wont to do, Mr. Van Schmus closed his eyes and thought back to the day seven years ago when Mr. Jacob Salzman, Executive Director of the Yeshiva Foundation, came to see him. Although he was only at the helm of the Music Hall for less than a year, his reputation as a provider of distinctive programs of a high order for the ' Showplace of the Nation was alreadv well established. They asked me, he said, if we at the Music Hall would ])ut on a show at their annual dinner. They were very modest in their request, and I com- plied. I attended the dinner, and was very much impressed by Dr. Revel ' s earnestness and the sincerity of the people who were there. M A S M I D This one-time publisher of juvenile books, including llic famous Oz series; financial executive in Chicago and New York department stores; owner and general manager of one of the better known national advertising com- panies — the man who had succeeded in all these enler])rises had taken the interests of Yeshiva as his own. Fifty Only llir - - or (our y iii« a o, llic licuil of Ha liu CilN wa- a-k ' -d i . ..rgaii- izr a corriinillcc whi ;li would solicit the iiilcrfHl of ilic iiiotiori-|ii( ' lurf; in- (Iu8lry in Yrnhiva (College. ' Pile rcmiltH were viniMc on tin- (KlIi of January of this year, when HcaU-il iit one tahli at the annual dinnt-r Ih-M jI tin- Hot ;l AHtor, wcri three ol ' the nioHt important figure in the niotion-piiluri ' induhtry: William (f. Van SehmuM. Harney Halahan, and (fcorge I ' . Skourac One need only eonsull th( list of SeholarHhipn at Yewhiva Odlegfr to prove Mr. Van SehmuH stuteinenl that the int ;reHt of the niotion-pietun; in iuHtry in YeHhiva is very n-al. for no h-ss than six eom[ lete seholar-liip- have heen set up by men related to thai field of entertainment. I ' aseinatin lo llie unlulor ' d niovie-noer v ii the di-eover ol llie nietliod used lo select the jiictures for exhihition at Ameri ' a ' s greatest movie palace. The emj)loyees. from the foreign-horn musicians to the all-American ushers, attend the previews of all pictures and give their opinions via a (juestionnaire. With the questionnaire hefore him, Mr. Van Sehmus makes his decision. The emj)loyecs, all well equipped young men and women, are right about ninety percent of the time. The high standards that the employees have set up, exj)lains why Music Hall consistently has shown such great pictures as The Philadelphia Story , Rebecca , ' Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , A Star is Born , and The Informer. Under Mr. Van Schnnis direction, the Radio City Musi ' Hall has become the greatest theatre in the world, with a national and international r« ' p itation. famous for the superior quality of its entertainment. The fact that the Music Hall has reached the pinnacle in the entertainment world is explained by the character and attitude of the man directing its activities. His genuine respect for the good taste of the American public was manifested in statement after statement. The public. he said, is much keener than it was seven years ago. People have become more discriminating, and as a result, show more intelligent ap])reciation of a good ])icture. One statement by Mr. Van Schuius remained in my mind long after I had left his office. There are no prima donnas in this organization: we work like a good team. 1 tell the men and women here to think of the Music Hall only, and their own good fortune will follow. It was the wish of Dr. Bernard Revel, of sainted memory, expressed as recently as last November, that fitting action might be taken to perpetuate his name in the institution his thoughtful service has so often stimulated: the action of the Faculty in establishing the Vi . G. Van Sehmus Scholarship en- sures that the work of this unassuming spirit will spread its wholesome affect upon coming generations of the students of Yesbiva College. We. its students, should feel proud that a man of bis character and ability has made what is so near to oiir hearts close to his heart. 19 4 1 Fifty-one J enru Ljeome and _yv (Oaiaticed (L. O conoiniA By HYMAN J. LAKS During the nineteenth century there arose a number of prominent social thinkers and reformers in Europe and America. The conditions of the labor- ing population huddled about the industrial centers of Western Europe were appalling to behold — men, women and children being engaged in eking out a miserable existence at the mills and coal mines in the service of the Industrial Revolution. Earnest and eloquent figures like Karl Marx, Ferdinand Lasalle and Henry George did much to bestir and awaken public opinion to the cry- ing need for reform. The growing inequality in the distribution of wealth led Karl Marx, the formulator of scientific Socialism, to see within society a struggle between classes, those who labored and those who owned the means of production. As a result of this conflict capitalism, he predicted, would ultimately fail and would be replaced by a communistic society. Exploitation and class-conflict would cease, and a new era of social progress would be inaugurated. In spite of its promises. Socialism has held little attraction for Americans. The American way of life, developed through individual initiative and self- reliance, is strongly opposed to collectivism. Furthermore, material conditions in America diff ' ered, the standard of living was higher than that of other lands, and the benefits of mass-production were more widespread. As a result, Ameri- cans have been slow in developing class-consciousness, contrary to the dictum of Marx, and look with suspicion u[ on foreign ideas and isms . MASMID Nevertheless, as the history of America during the last century and our experience since 1929 show, our industrial growth has created many perplexing problems and has intensified still others. Insecurity, poverty, low wages, tech- nological unemployment, monopoly, and the business cycle, giving rise to open hostility and strife between capital, labor and government a. well as to difficulties between producer and consumer, are justification enough for con- cluding that our economic structure is in need of improvement. Are we capable of analyzing and solving these problems which are a threat to our civilization? This paper will endeavor to present the solution given to these problems by Henry George as well as appraise his contribution to economic thought. Fifty-two ll IH 111)1 Hiii ' |irii4in) III IcMiti lliiil till- |irolilijii nl iii-iiiiijl |)iii i i ii|iiii) Goorf{c Hiiicc lie liiniMcir wiiw |iiii ' hii ' iI liv |i )vril lliriiU):!liiiiil lii- lid -. l tin- ilf r (if iiiiictcrii, (rcor c iiii ralrd f ' rdin l ' liiliiilrl|iliiii to (iiiliCiiriii.i uliiri ' . uitliin llic mIkiI ' I |icrio l il ' :i lifrt iiiii ' . hi ' u it ii(--i(l llii- I r;iii-l oi iii;il inn ii( .1 -|i;ir-il% 8 -lllc(i land irilo a (hiiiliialr ul iIh I ' lavhrn -imImkuiI. TIii ' -anir -oiial anil ccononiic ills, llic Mluin.s anil |iiiviil llial had la l llirii llli dll ii|iiim iIii- Ka l were niakinf slrady rncroarlimcnl- ii|iiiii tin- Wi-I. Ifniikr llir Sdiialisr-- uliii |ini|)c) i(l alianiiuiiin;. ' icdiKiiii ii- inilialivi-. Ci-orfif. a |ir idui ' l of ihr American -nviii iiniriil. isliid In |)ii|ril in |ii,ii| i-i- the a|i|)liraliiin iif tlx ' |ii ' in ' i|il ' s of lirr i ' iilri ' |iri -r and riini|irl it ion. hi ii|i|iiir-itiiin to Marx, (Jriirfjc niaintainrd that the caiisr of | o iil dui- iini lii- in ( ' a|iila1i -ni and caiiilalislir rxploilalion. Tlir confliii Ix ' Uvnn lalmr ;iiid rapital. Iif in- sisted, is a myth. ( a|iilal. no lisv than lalinr. is iiririj: i |i]iiili-il liv llic landowner. Till ' |iiisitiiin of Gi ' ori;! ' is llial all I ' liinnmir iiia lad ju-liiniil - - irii fi from the retention of eeononiie rent ny llie landowner. I ndrr a i-ompetitivi ' system, lahor and eapital are eom| (dled to aeeept as nuicli as their efforts would yield on mariiinal land, the remainder poinfi to the landowner as rent. Rcphrasinp Rieardos law of rent, whieh he aeeepted. Georfre de(dared that the owner of land is in a position to demand so mneh of the w-ealth prodiieed hy the exertion of lahor and ea])ilal njion it as exeeeds the reinrn whieh the same application of lahor and ea] ifal eonlil seenre in llic Irasl iiTudMrlivi ' (i(iii|iiil inn in whii ' h thev freelv enjraite ' . Land is uhiqnitous. enli-rinji in one wav or another into ever aelivilv. It includes the soil, the site and all the natural resources. On the other hand, improvements on land such as huildinps or railroads fall within the category of capital whieh is defined hy Georaie as wealth in the course of exchange ' , sifinifyinji the complete ]iroeess of production and distrihution.- Georfie contended that jirivate projierty in land is nniiistified. Priority of occuDation or settlement of land does not entitle the individual to the ex- clusive tiossession of it. All have equal rights to land, the source of all wealth. The individual has. however, the right to retain the products of the land re- sultin. ' T from the exertion of lahor. She Cnaturel recognizes no claim hut that of lahor. and recoini ' es that without resjiect to the claimant. George thus advocated the lahor theory of private jiropcrtv. an economic version of the doelrine of Tiatural rights. On this hasis Georw justified interest, a return to the investor of capital. Ganital is wealth, a nroduct of lahor. owned exelu-ivelv hv the investor. Capital not onlv increases the efficiency of lahor. hut. unlike lahor. which can onlv adinst. is ahle to multinlv as a result of the reitroductive forces of nature . For examnle. the leiider of srain denrives himself of what would have heen ahle. if planted, to nniltiplv ai ' d sprout into stalks of grain. 1 Progress ami Poveitv . Henrv George: ij. 169 2Iliid.: |). 46 . 1 3Tl)i.l.: p. 3■ ■ m d.: I), is: 19 4 1 Fifty-three One iiia ;i:-k. will not the right ol oih- iiidividiiai lo lal)or and cam the products of land interfere with the siniihn- right of others? The answer given l)y George is that if society were to aholish j)rivate property in hind there wouhl never he hicking tlie opportunity to lahor. An increase of popuhuion would make possihh increased spcciahzation in tlie use of hind. therel y pro- viding more eniphiynient. George showed lurtlier that an increa.-e in the vahie of huid is due to social conditions and not to individual effort, thus eliminating the claims of lahorers and caiiital investors to the additional unearned increment. Rent rises as a result of three factors: 1. increasing population. 2. im- provements in the arts, and 3. speculation. As a population increases rent rises partlv because the margin of cultivation of land is lowered hut mainly because of increased specialization of land. As a consequence of specialization city land having acquired a productiveness of a higher kind ' . ' is worth much more than country land. The second factor, improvement in the arts, includes not only im[ roved means of production and transportation but also political and social reforms, which indirectly aid production. Here, too, rent rises because of the lowering of the margin of cultivation. The last factor is land speculation, in the anti- cipation of a future rise in land values as a result of the two factors mentioned previously. George concluded that economic rent is the properly of society as a whole and should be appropriated by the State, acting for society. As to method, it would be cumbersome and unnecessary for the government to nationalize land and then lease it out to individual entrepreneurs. The same result could he achieved through the complete taxation of land values, arrived at by periodic assessment of all the land in the country. Land would continue to be bought and sold . Although the land would nominally be owned by individuals, society would be the actual owner. We may safely leave them the shell, if we take the kernel . In line with this. George strongly opposed compensating the present landowners. MASMID George was confident that land values would be more than sufficient to bear all government expenses. He. therefore, proposed that all other taxes be abolished. Public expenses should be paid out of the common fund, which is rent. Taxes, with the exception of a tax on land, constitute a levy, diminish- ing the income of individuals. Rent, however, is value created by society as a whole and can rightfully be used for social purposes. The effects of a single tax program would be revolutionary. Millions of acres of land now being withheld from use would be restored to enterprise, since rent would have to be paid although nothing were produced. Further- more, there would no longer be any taxes to decrease the purchasing power of sibid.; p. 2. 7 eibid.: p. 403 Fifty-four ill.- roiiHiiriici III iliiiiiiiiHli ill. prolil- [ llir |ii.mIii.ii. I In ll.(i (,l lli nliolili r llir iin-Hinl -.vmI.-im (il liixiilion ii|ii ii iioiiiiiiiic inHi| riMi- would lie siiiiiliir In llif rcmiiviil nl iiii iiiiiiK-ii.Hc wciglil I niiii ;i |i HMrfiil  i ring . ' ' rii ' w wiiiild ccaMc III limilni |)iiiiliiil ion. l)c|iirMnii)M iiriil liiiHilHW.M cyclctt woiilil iiii Iohhit ,iiii i- In ili-ru|il oui (■(■(inoiiiy. Tliiis i ' ai- the l iininc.- ' 8 cycl ' , willi ilf riTiirniil imlii-liial i|i |iri inn ami vi(lc-spr( ' ii l iiiu ' iii|il()yniciil, linn (Icfu-d Hohilioii. Oni- lliior . tin- -o- riillcd ■mill 8i)ol llioory, iwliially atlcinpt! Ii rorri ' lair uii .-iiol.- willi |iiiii l- of l(ii ioHsioii aiul pro.M|)fiity, implyiiif? lliai lln- IniHincHs cycle i- iiio.IiikiI l y I ' orccs external to man and, |)resiimal(ly. lirynnd lii conlrol. Geoi ' fje i leiililied ihe cali.se oC IniHiiiess eyelet, vvilli land hpeeiilal inn. I ' ro- ductioii is not eiirlailed because of overproduction since the comiiiodificH are desired bv llie fainilies of laborers who are williiifr to coritiinie to «ork. itli capital in ahiindanee what is there to hinder prodml inn? ( nl himl nwin-r- slii| and .■ipeeulalion. ' Leading up to a deprest ion there ar ' a scries of development-. In a period lik ' the (iolden Twenties , when the eoiifiden ' - of busine-s men i stronj;. and jiroductioii is booming, land values mount higher and higher. The landowners, being in possession of wiiat is essential to production, arc ill a position to demand more of labor and capital than the land is worth at present. Parasitically. rent continues to infringe more and more u]ion interest and wages until a point is reached where capital and labor arc no longer able or willing to produce. Production is checked and unemployment sets in. Land values remain high, demand decreases, prices sink, production i- further discouraged, a crisis is reacbiHl and is followed bv a ■ ' crash . During the sluggish period which follows an adjustment takes place or should take place. There are usually three developments. There is a partial fall in speculative land values, increased productive efficiency, and a lowering of the habitual standard of interest and wages. Confidence is graduallv res- tored, production begins to boom again, a period of relative pros] eritv follows, speculation in land values increases, culminating in another deprcs-ion. W ith the approprialioii of the ■ unearned increment bv the State, land speculation would cease. Rent would no longer be fixed bv the landowner, as a monopolist, but through the free interplay of competition. Capital and labor would, therefore, obtain their full return, thus eliminating the causes for the cessation of production. Instead of a business cycle there would be. George believed, a continuous exjiansion of production. Another important effect would be tin- elimination of the monoi ol price . Great capitalistic ciilerjtri.-os. which have heretofore been able to establish price monopolies, would no longer be feared. To illustrate, let us assume that an alumiinini cariioratioii owns or controls jiraeticallv all of the ■ Ibid.: p. 432 sihid.: p. 272 f sibid.; p. 279 Fifty five 19 4 1 MASMID land containing aluniinnni or ' . L ndtr priM-nt ciintlilion,-. llic .DinpanN i.s alilt- to limit proihution. causing the jjrict- to rise to a level «iiere inaxirnnrn profits can be obtained. The taxation ol ' ahnninuin lands wonid make .-.ueh laetiei- no longer feasible. As the priee of aluminum rose there would be a correspondinjj rise in the value of aluminum lands, whieh would be taxed whether they were or were not engaged in produetion. To avoid a loss the eonipany would be eonipelled to use more of its land for production, increasing the supply of alumiinun and causing the ])rice to fall. Prices would be adjusted through the market mechanism, eliminating any need for regulation. The effect of the single tax upon the relations between eajtital and labor would be no less striking. Wages would rise because competition would no longer be one-sided ' but would function freely. Enterpreneurs would find it unprofitable to curtail production since thev would be com])elled to main- tain rent jtayments regardless of income. Many laborers would be enabled to become their own employers through the elimination of land monopoly. Furthermore, the abolition of taxes, per- mitting unham|iered production, would create many new jobs. Finally, initia- tive and competition would lead to expanded production, thus drawing all employables into industry. Labor and capital would each be assured of a full return so that ' demand would keep pace with supply, and supply with demand ' . Hostility would be replaced by harmony and cooperation. The position of the farmer in American economy has hitherto been a precarious one. In recent years, his plight has grown so desperate as to com- pel the federal government to engage in a vast and expensive program of aid, involving subsidy and the curtailment of production. Although the capacity for production is already very great and steadily increasing, the demand for agricultural commodities as a result of unemployment and low wages, remained low. Should a section of the farming population abandon agriculture it would, in all likelihood, simply increase the army of unemployed. Following the removal of all taxes, including the tariff, and the appro- priation by the State of rent, which would be relatively low for agricultural lands, the working farmer would be the recipient of a complete return for his investments of labor and capital. ' Furthermore, the increase in purchasing power of the rest of the population would create a greater demand for his goods, which would, incidentally, place him in a position to reciprocate and buy manufactured goods. Competition would operate so that those who found farming unprofitable would be attracted into other fields of employment. The role of the State, which would administer the single tax, would be an important one. Government would remain democratic, and would have to he simplified as much as possible. The abolition of our heterogenous taxa- tion system would serve this end by eliminating the need for a great many lOIbid.; p. 436 I ' lbid.; p. 437 I21bid.; p. 449 Fifty-six ofliciillH. N«!vrrlli«l(f H, Moritly is Kitilimially ili vilopliif;. rri:il iii(. ' proliliiin- which llic Stale aloiu; in in a poHilioii lo nolvr. II ' we arc l i ciinliniic to enjoy equality of o|)i orlunily. the (j iv rntiient must iindertaki ' ertairi oo[ erative t ' unetiont . Thowe cnleipriHeH whirli arc not Huit (l for eonipelition. (,e« r)ie leelare«l, • ' heeonie | ro|Mrly CunetioMH ol the State . ' ' The eoiistruetion of railroado should ! ■ a iunetion «)( ' novernnienl tin lis- lliaii lli eonHtruction ol roadH. Moreovei-, railroads would he owned and iMana(:ed l) the (iovernnieni not in order to yield a profit huf to he sell ' -suMtaininn. As in the ea-e ol our po-tal syNteni fhev would he run as a piihlie service. The same would apply to the telephone, the t degraph an l the utilitien. George believed that the single tax would leave a treasury surplus. whic:li would increase as the productivity of husiness increased. This would enahle the government to support cultural activities, technical scluxds. experimental laboratories as w dl as recreational activities. The character of the State would iind rgo a change, becoming less and less repressive. It won Id hi- the agent of a cooperative society . ' ' George reasoned further that his program wouhl make great inequality in the distribution of wealth very iiuprohahle. for ' How many men are there who fairly earn a million dollars? ' . Insecurity would he banished: the power of money would diminish. Class conflict would he replaced 1p a class- less society. There are. accordingly, two spheres of activity, one dependent upon in- dividual initiative and com])etition. the other on collective effort. Individualism and socialism are complementary, one unable to infringe u])on the other with- out interfering with the equality of ojjportunity of the individual. The single tax would make maxinuim cooperation among the members of society possible and would lead to continuous material and cultural progress. The peculiar position of land in the economic order was recognized long before the tinie of George. In as ancient a document as the Bible we find that land was accorded special treatment in order to insure equality. In modem times George has had many forerunners, such as Patrick E. Dove in England and Edwin Burgess in America, who ])erceived the conflict between landowners on the one hand and laborers and capital investors on the other. ' This hv no means diminishes the importance of the contribution of Henry George. Having had little scholastic training and being evidently unaware that his proposal was by no means new. George arrived at what he termed the solution independently. As author, editor, lecturer and political cam- paigner. George devoted his life to publicizing his program and succeeded in forming the Single Tax movement. •3 Social Problems . Heiiiv George: p. 176 I ' flbid.: p. 190 l5 Progress and Poverty . Henry George: p. 451 1 ' ' Philosophy of Henry George . George R. Geiger: p. 168 Fifty 19 4 1 Tin- , iii ' ;l ' tax lla liccii altatkcd l) lli ' iloli ' iidor ol pri ak- owiiersliii) of land and by socialists, both of whom have endeavored to prove that no distinctions can be drawn between land and capital. To their assertions the single taxer invariably answer-, tliat land values can be and arc in practise distinguished from capital. Although George was opposed to the doctrines of classical economy, his method was the traditional deductive m ' thod. which be wielded skillfully. Employing the same concepts as his predecessors, who had arrived at con- clusions earning for political economy the appellation ' dismal science , George found political economy to be hopeful and encouraging. Using the same logical method, George disposed of the ' wages-fund doctrine and the Mal- thusian doctrine, which had formed the basis for the conlcnli( ti that poverty was inevitable. Few academic economists have accepted the single lax program of Heiu ' y George but. on the other hand, the proposal for the taxation of the unearned increment has met with little opposition. The taxation of land values has been incorporated in the taxation policies of many lands and constituted a leading issue in British politics before the present war. As a brilliant and able exponent of social reform, the position of George is secure. His work is a ringing denunciation of the prevailing order of in- equality and class conflict, and is a challenge that our civilization cannot afford to ignore. To thoughtful men it should be a source of renewed hope in the ability of mankind to solve social and economic problems without re- sorting to the violation or suppression of the rights cherished by the individual. QS Q 1 A S M I D Fi tv-eij; it ACTIVITIES The students, through their Yeshiva College Student Council, exercise selj-f overnment. in the development of the many aspects of their college life, and iihile gaining knowledge, health, and recreation, acquire a fuller under- standing and practice of self-guidance and control, and of cooperative endeavor. M ASMID MEYER HELLER Editor JEROME H. ROSENBLUM Business Manager H=: Thirteen years have passed since the dream of a Jewish college of liheral arts and sciences in the midst of a traditionally orthodox Yeshiva was materialized. It was a small group of thirty pioneering men from various parts of the country that composed the first college student body beginning work in September of 1928 under a faculty of sixteen men. In these pages, you, the reader, can see how the student body has grown to a total which is today seven times its original size and how the faculty has been more than trebled. In September of 1940, when work was begun on this year ' s MASMID, wc planned to concentrate our efforts towards publishing a Bar Mitzvah Annual — de|)icting the growth and expansion which has taken place within the walls of the College. During the course of the year, however. Dr. Bernard Revel Vt passed awav and the plans to thus celebrate Yeshiva College ' s Bar Mitzvah faded away into the limbo of unused ideas. We, therefore, dedicated this MASMID to the man without whose efforts a Yeshiva College and its MASMID would not exist. MASMID Sixtytwo Masmid Staff ASSOCIATES Seymour Krufman Samuel Sobel J. Leonard Azneer Arthur Cohen hiarry Perlmutter David Miller Samuel J. Beer Jack Cooperband ASSISTANTS Isadore Ribner Leon Rubinstein Gabriel Schonfeld Aaron Seidman Joseph Sokolow Martin Zion ART and PHOTOGRAPHY Alfred Wiesel G TD The editors nish to express their sinrerest gratitude to Dr. Irvini; Linn. Mr. Isaac Goldberg and all others icho have aided in the publication of this 1 )41 MASMID. Sixty-three 19 4 1 M A S M I D Yeshiva College Studeet Coeecil 1940 1941 President Vice-President HYMAN CHANOVER IRWIN ISAACSON Secretary Athletic Manager JACK ACKERMAN MILTON KRAMER Editor (Commentator) Editor (Masmid) EPHRAIM MANDELCORN MEYER HELLER Senior Class SAMUEL MEYER, Pres. ABRAHAM ZUROFF, Vice-Pres. Junior Class MARTIN ZION, Pres. MELVIN ROSSMAN, VIce-Pres. Sophomore Class JACOB WALKER, Pres. MILTON FURST, Vice-Pres. Freshman Class JAMES GORDON, Pres. JOSEPH APPLBAUM, Vice-Pres. Sixty-four Sixty- Ue Message from the Presideitit By HYMAN C. CHANOVEK As Father Time plucks another year From the garden of eternity. Veshiva College rounds the course of its juvenile existence to steady itself at a method- ical and uniform pace. Thirteen years of devotion, sacrifice, and self-abnegation, have been required in the attainment of a state of relative normalcy in the college — an institution now assuredly destined lo ii jiosilion of dignity and prominence in the world of secular scholarship. The unfathomable foresight of our l)eloved president, of l)lessed memory envisioned: the dynamic influence of his efl ' orts coupled with the untiring labor of the student body and its active devotees constructed. . nd. what ap- peared as extreme theorization a little over a decade ago. has been more than realized in the Yeshiva College of the present, enltnrally and spiritually. To appraise the present worth of student activity, one must traverse an enormous distance of thirteen y ' cars, judging progress in effort, achievement, and innovation. The vastness of the expanse, however, and the natural inability of the written word to depict in totality the heritage that is so fortunately ours, make impractical a review of so many years of performance. Rather must a presentation solely of the accomplishments of the year of our majority suffice for an understanding of the grand aim. the objectives, and the impedi- ments exposed in the path of improvement. Student, faculty-student, and inter-faculty problems presented themselves as first and foremost for consideration by the student organization during the present academic year. With the untimely demise of our beloved president. Dr. Bernard Revel, of sainted memory, these questions occupied more promi- nent positions than usual. Through its elected representatives and its organ. The Commentator, a guard of vigilance was maintained by the student body against the ever-increasing pressure of alien groups bent upon penetrating the Yeshiva organism. Needless to add, student leaders kept constituents posted in regard to turns of events, and, as ever, stressed the need for order and deliberation as prerequisite for healthful outcomes. Pursuant to incessant clamor for level-headedness and the restoration of systematic procedure, an inter-faculty committee was created to care for the institution, marking the first attempt at united administrative action at Yeshiva. Faculty-student relations continued in a most cordial manner. The Exec- _ _ utive-Faculty. Faculty-Student Relations, and Faculty-Student Library commit- tees bore adequate testimony of ever-growing contact between the two admini- 1 A O M 1 U strations. Pressing problems were settled co-operatively and democratically. As a result, questions of discipline were handled with dispatch: student demand for the establishment of the library on a more equitable basis was the agent Sixty-six for iiiiilnl iKliini l iliiiiirulc jiiullui -. i loii- ili.iul..i k l.i lln- | rii( i -- ol llic ifiHliliilioii; ;iiiil .III iippcMl lor iikhc ••iiiijililr iiiiilical rjirc wii- fiivoii-d willi moic lliMii iiKic |ii ' oiiii « ' .M. liiith l;i(iill Mini mIikIciiI-. a- ! mI ciI. ill ,1 I ' liiniilali ' .r | r  :c.s.s ol ' iii ' ii ' iilMlioii. llic hiifii-l I ' ri ' -li man ila-- in Vi ' -lil a lii-lory iIh ' lUlllllxM ' of wliifli va ill il-cir an iinlical ion nf lln ' i|p|ical umi ainl llic- rccii - iiitioii (;aiii( ' il t llic rolli ' jxi ' . Ill llic s|ilicic of scll-HDVci niiicni. iiiiicli can lie iclalcd. (,iralc-l dm ii- iiiciitary atlrslalioii to llic inaliii ' it anil sii|icriorit of llic chIiIvu linicnt. ci.icin.il ill ihc roiin ol a 1)K. HKHNMU) KKVKI, MKMOHI l. ISSIK. coiilaiiiiiig an incisive analysis of llic luliirc of Ycsliiva. llic iiicIIioiIoIoK necessary lor altainiiicnt ami sal ' cfrnardiiif; of llial fiiliirc. reviews of llic ac- eoinplisliiiienls of our depaiied fallwr. and an artii-lc piilili-lied li Dr. Kr-vel sliorlly lieforc liis fatal illness. OHsliool of tlic spurt in c l ra-cnrricnlar activity was the dcciHion of Stildeiil Council to increase tlic rcipiirciiicnts for service awards. Symbolirally. several new societies appeared on the surface. Anion}; these were iiiclndcd the Deutseher Verein. which hlossomcd grandly: the Matheniatieal Kecrealion- (Muh; and the Kducalion Soeiety for aiialy.sis of edui ' ational prohleni-. Commentator. Dchatiiift Six ' iety. Co-op Store. Concert Bureau. French Cluh. and the liost of other orf;ani .alioiis continued apace, each writini; a chapter fi r itself in the annals of student fioverninent. ( ogni .ant of the ne.-d lor a clcarinf: house of -tudcnl prolilcnis. Council estahlished a permanent ofliee (ui the fourth floor of the iiiain liiiiidint:. In il. Council also placed its revitalized comniitte.- for voealional fiiiidancc. Quesliounaires designed to learn the haekfiround and aspirations ot the Ire-h- u)eii were conducted with an aim towards future follow-up. Crowniiif; achieve- ment of the Bureau was the inauguration, in conjunction with the National Council of Young Israel, of a ten-lecture course in cluh leadership, a basis thus heing firmly cemented for future efforts in the field of guidance. By far most heartening and profitable were the social and athletic phases of extra-curricular activity. The spring semester witnessed the most elaborate social calendar ever undertaken in a single academic term. Operating on a three-fold program, the !?ocial (Committee arranged and conducted a gala Varsity Show and Class Nite. and revived a ceremonious faculty-student affair — the Mixer. In addition, the first social gathering of alumni and students followed the annual basketball match. About to pass into the post-collegiate mist, we of 41 must inevitably look to our undergraduate experiences for succor and counsel. The road ahead lies cloaked with the impenetrability of destiny. Far beyond, repose the yet un- trodden lanes of endeavor, beckoning and intriguing. But the fear of the un- known evaporates as the beacon of our past beams from behind. Four years of contact with ideology that marks Yeshiva illumine our path: almost four years of proximity to the eternal gem that glowed through the mortal breast of our immortal father, now attend our passage. Others prepare to fill our places, and still others are destined to occupy their posts. Yeshiva College, envisioned, framed, clothed and edified by that genius that was Dr. Revels, shall continue towards perfection The spirit that fluttered about in human guise, will in its true essence, hover in and around the nest of its temporal being, inspiring, guiding, and illuminating, until, un- challenged. Yeshiva College in actuality coincides with Yeshiva College in ideology. 19 4 1 Sixty-seven Class Nile April 27 ®l|i Olrrmuunttatnr l ' iiI lUli.il  v Sliid.iils « f Vivliiva Coll, ,- Class Nile April 27 s;rw voRK ciTV. wi:pn!:3I ' A ' i-, Art DR. HERZOG VISITS YESHIVA of 11 ' • . T rti It w ' II Sonior Sliiili ' iils Df t i I lory Lounge Jo Be froviaed cn-richirfuaiM Ttie Chief Rabbi Arrives At Yeshiva ■STiSJd ' oT S ' - Vai ' silV Sllf ItahhisM llurack-, Mirsky Gained Ion ol ihc .lomUioiy ■upervlsor o • . ¥) I LV K ' a ItrUalaclllC (luariVrh ow b ° ForPiHidiicli JULIUS ROSENTHAL Managing Editor ABRAHAM KARP Sports Editor Sixty-eight EPHRAIM MANDELCORN Editor-in-Chief JOSEPH SOKOLOW News Editor SIDNEY REISS Business Manager COMMENTATOR FoilliiifJilU aclioii on IkIkiII ' oI ' sIikIciU inlcirsts was tin- kcviioli- of the Conitjirntalor policy during; tlie past year. Uiiflrr the lea h ' i hip ol K|ihraiiii F. Maii(1eIforii, the piihlieation phu-ed ilself in uneoni|)ioinisin ' oppf)-ilion to (orees hieli if eonsirlered iihiniatelv delriinental lo the ideals of the in- slilnlion. anil made evi-rv offorl lo reveal and comltat the nnelhieal method ' of sneh groups. Siieh a jjoliev. while eai -iilated to release a certain amount of eontrover. y within and without the institution, resulted in definite limitations upon the coneessions made hy the school to outside pressure. Responding almost instantaneously to the tragic shock caused hy the death of Doctor Bernard Revel, of sainted memory. Commentator personnel and facilities were devoted to the puhlication of a memorial issue, which was distrihuted under the joint .sponsorship of the College Student Cotuicil and the Student Organization of Ye.shiva. The Irihute was universally ailjudiied the finest journalistic achievement ever produced at Yeshiva. In addition lo the more sensational asi)ect of the studenl aelivilii ' - the V.ommcntdtor e;irried on its normal work with efficiency. The Governing Board, consisting of Mandelcorn: Julius Rosenthal 42. Managing Editor: .loscph Sok- olow 42. News Editor: Ahraham .1. Karp ' 42. Sports Editor: and Sidney Reiss 42. Business Manager, made reiTiarkahle advances in cooperative management, while the news staffs set a new high in general ahility. The hi-weeklv was livened hy the use of photograjdis lo a greater extent llian ever hefore. Feature articles, light hiographical aecoiuits of faculty mem- hers, and the customary ' ■Meet the Seniors , as well as a Innnor column hy Karp and David Alivskv 42 during the first term, jirovided the distaff side of the Corumontator. Financially, the school or; Manager s success was mirrored each issue. The lofl Iradilion of Commfiilator carried on during the ])asl year by whole-hearted consideration for the welfare of the student hody. will l)e con- tinued in 1042 under the administration of Julius Rosenthal, a member of the (Governing Board for the past two years. 1 was extvenudv successful. The Business the large nund)er of ads which appeared in 19 4 1 .Sixlv-nine MASMID Yeshiva College Library The outstanding event of the year was the establishment ol ' a course in ' ' Use of Books and the Library , which received the whole-hearted support of Mr. Irving Linn, of the Department of English. Every freshman attended these lectures for three periods during the fall semester. Tliat this served a useful purpose is well demonstrated by the intelligent use made of the Library and its reference tools iiv the new students, who have learned to see the Library in a new light. A glance at the pictorial statistics below will give more con- crete evi lencc of student use of the Library. Note: Each figure rep- resents 500 books. The total rirculution for the year 1940-41 was 3820. The good example shown last year by the Class of ' 43 in taking up a volun- tary collection for the Library, and purchasing therewith Richard Wrights Native Son and Richard Llewellyn ' s How Green Was My Valley, was followed by the incoming Class of ' 44, who placed a special fund at the disposal of the librarian. To date, the following titles have been purchased, and have proven to be of great interest to all our readers: Ernest Hemingway ' s For Whom the Bell Tolls; Kenneth Roberts ' Oliver Wiswell; Sholem Asch ' s The Nazarene; and The Grapes oj Wrath by John Steinl)eck. Loaned at the rate of $.05 per week, these books have already shown that they will more than pay for them- selves. It is hoped that every incoming class will set up a Library Fund, which 1955 1957 1959 1940 i- M M ] i Seventy will MI|.|(l iMfnl llic l.il i;ir ' - finiihir iiicnirji . ;irjil lirl|) ii- ;ii fur our ii ' iihil ' ill ' i ' l ion. litlcff ' J ' lic | r.iiialiirc iliiilli t.l Dr. Kcriiiird H.vil liiic r - v l a l vol.d fri.ri.l lirui HClivc worker Ironi llic I ' ricriili- ot Vc-liiva (.ollr ;.- I,ilirar . of wlii.li In- hail Ix ' iMi an In ary iliairnian. Ilcadici iiy l ' rofl• .Hor Mliirl Kin-I iii ami (;(tv(i fioi- llrrjp.rl II. I.ciinian. llii ;rou|. Iia - for it- purpoM- llw rx|.aii-ion anil ilrvi ' lo| ini ' nl of llir I k-collnt ion- ami f aiilit ii- of tlw l.ii rar . -o that lli - lallcr laii lir ol still ( rraliw sirvirr. ' riicn- arr -ivcral in. inl)ir-lii|i ila — ili- ralioiif: aiMiiial inrrnlMM-sliips air availaliir al from ! ;. ' ). (Ml to . IO().I)0. Closr III a llioll aml voliiiiic- «iri- aiidid lo lln i.il,rai -IiiIm- iliirin(i llic patil i ' ar. monji riirnl ilonor- wrrr Dr. Alrxamirr l{ro i . Dr. Krnrii-tli F. Damon, .Irioini ' Davi? . Laun-iirr Dennis, ( oiifircssman JoM-pli A. (iavafsali. Prof, .(i-kiill.iil I ' , (iinslmrii. Mr. anil Mrs. Morri- (;olii. Klonnir (;ril.it .. Mr. Jaiol) I. ilarlsl.in. Dr. Mosis I,. Isaais. Dr. I.i-o .June. Mr. Ilarol.l Kay.-. Dr. (iiinlliii Kiil. Mr. I.ouis Kirsilniiliaum. Dr. Daviil Kliin. Mr. I ' liilip K. Kiaus, Mr. Isii M. l.ivinr. Mr. Solomon l.icliir. Dr. Ariiolil N. I.owan. Dr. Aaron M. Marnalilh. Mr. .Nathan H.sniik. Dr. Ralph V. Kos.nl.rr ' . ami Dr. Hohi ' it ( ' .. W liilfonl. In memory of her ileeeaseil liushaml. Dr. I eonar l M. I ' alitz. Mrs. Dora Palitz ])resente l tiie Library with a fine selection of Itio- loi;ical. meilical. piiiloioiriial. ami piiiiosophiial uorks. The ( lass of H .-.in- Irihnteil llie reviseil iililion of Hiirirs Milti i h si al I ' iuiikIiiI inns iif Minlrrn Pliysiial SciriKf. He.eiil a.l.lilions lo our perioiliial list inihiile the imi-riran jDiiriuil of Sniioloji . the Diiponl Miiiidziiic. anil the Psyrholofiiinl Ri-vioif. Students eonlrihulinf; hooks to the Library included Morris I. Chernofsky 42. Pincus Dachowitz 41. Emanuel Fischer ' 42. .lack Herman t.S. Saul Leiler 44. Howard Sinjicr 43. and Harold Surehin 44-. ( ontinuinp their under- graduate iuteresl in the Lihrarv. Moses 1. Feuerstein 36. Dr. David . Petc- goisky 35. Rahhi Leonard Rosenfeld 37. Herzl Freed 39. anil Mhert Han- 4(1 swelled the list of alumni contributors. The libraries of New York L nivcrsity. Yale L ' niversity. Brown University. College of the City of New York. Tahuudical Academy. Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary. Long Island I niversitv. Pratt Institute, and the New York State Library, continued the Iriendly relations established some years ago. The American .lewish Committee, the American Friends of the Hebrew University, and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, also contri- buted to the expansion of our Library. The efforts of rival propaganda can be well observed in the publications sent us regularly bv the British Lihrarv of Information and the (Jerman Lihrarv of Information. A fine phujue of Maimonides was presented to the Library by Joseph Hovell. a well-known sculptor. Through the good offices of Dr. Irving Linn, the New York City Art Project of the . P. A. lent our Library a silk screen ma] of the LTnited States. For the (hsl time in the history of the college, the Student Library Com- mittee and the Faculty Library Committee worked together, pooling their abilities for the conunon good of the Library. N ith the active sup])ort and encourageuuMit ot the liiirarian. the committees introduced several innovations, which redounded to the bcnedt of the student body. Student representatives on this joint eomniittec included Pincus Dachowitz 41. Jack Ackerman 41. Aaron Kra 41 . and braham Zuroff 41: faculty members included Dr. Irving Linn. Dr. Sanuicl Bclkin. and Dr. Alexander Litnian. 19 4 1 Se«ent -oiie Thf Booki ' iul. a liltrar) luillctiii l.«f;mi in l ' ). ;. wa itvivrd xcar under the ill)!.- editorship of Hyniiin Laks 41. Appearin-: monthly, the purpose of this pul)lieation is to aequaint students and friends with the resourees of the Lihrary. as well as to serve as a literary organ of the students. In an exami- nation held April 27th to determine the sueeessor to Harrv Perhnutter ' 41 as chief assistant. Martin Keller 44 won first pla.e. I ' lie test was open to fresh- men and sophomore memhers of the staff. A final word must he said in acknowledgment of the fine spirit of cooper- ation shown hy the Library Stafl . which included Harry Perhnutter. Lionel Arond ' 43. Zelig Block 43. Morris I. Chernofsky 42. Leonard Devine ' 41, Emanuel Fischer 42. Alex Friedman 42, Milton Furst 43. Meyer Heller ' 4L Sol Kaplan 44. Stanton Karnbad 44. Martin Keller 44, Abraham Koolyk ' 42. Hyman Laks 41, Moses Malinowitz 43. Jerome H. Rosenblum 41, Leon Rubin- stein 41, Gabriel Schonfeld ■4L Morris Sukenik 42. Morris Weinberg ' 41. Arthur L. Weiss 41. Alfred Wiesel 42. Martin Zion ' 42. and Herman J. Zwillen- berg ' 43. It is significant to note that the interested and enthusiastic freshmen of 1937-8— Devine. Heller. Perhnutter. Rosenblum, Rubinstein, and Schonfeld —have been with the Library for their entire college careers. CO OP STORE During the past year, the Yeshiva College Cooperative Store surpassed all previous records in activity and sales receipts since its inception as a student project. The efficient management of Aaron Kra 41 and Myron B. Movsky ' 41 made available increased service to the student body and the faculty. Out- standing in this respect was the convenient post-office service that was rendered by the Store. The great progress realized in regard to the number of articles offered on a non-profit basis, can be indicated by the sum of over .$2000 that was handled this year. The enlarged stock display included a large variety of candies, cigarettes, pens, pencils, paper, note-hooks, .stamps, po.stcards, and school stationery. In addition, Remington and Schick Dry Shavers, radios, other electrical supplies were sold. The opportunity to purchase text-books at special reduced prices were greatly appreciated by those who took advan- tage of this service. M A SMID Since monogrammed sweaters and sweat-shirts were very popular with the students, the Co-op Store decided to procure more school-spirited mer- chandise. The Store was open every afternoon during school hours and continued to serve as hunting grounds for all renowned ' kibitzers ' and ' batlonim ' between class periods. Also serving as a distributing center for the Commentator, the Co-op Store was the hot-bed for all school gossip. Kra and Movsky were ably assisted by Jerome Fishman ' 42, Irwin Gordon ' 43, Macy Nulman ' 44, and Reuben Siegel ' 42. Seventy-two DEBATING SOCIETY ar l n(l-ll :l llir csliiva (; ill(.;r Dilialin;! Society our ol ' ihf tiiaJDi- aclivitirs ol ' llir mIkioI. ( M iii ' c --isity. TIic a(ii(lciiii( iiiainlaiii ils place cxlra-curiiciilar activilics wi ' ic cmlailcd hy tlii ' death iif Dr. Hciiianl Hcvcl. y ' VI. ' J ' lic Dchaling Society, too. liail lo limit its -ea-oii. and could |iartici| atc in only a liiiiiled del)at ' sclicdule. TIk Society s as lieadcd l) Dr. Kenneth F. Damon. Nho acleil a coach and advisor: AFcycr Hclhr H. |)i sident : RciihiMi Sicfrej 12. vici--|iie.ident : and Melvin Rosstnan ' 12. manaf; ' r. Our debate season opened witli New York I niversily of ashington S(|uare. on the Pi Kapjia Delta question: Resolved, that the Wcsli ' rn Hemi- sphere form a permanenl alliance or iini(m for defense apainsi fnreipn ap- pn ' ssion. The .Jewish comnninit of Aft. ernon. served as liosts to lioth teams. Ahraham Karp 42 and David Mirsky 42 represented Yeshiva. Tliis debate was followed by two non-decision debates with Queens College and the [ni- versily of N wark — the latter, away from home. The highli hl of the season was reached when Yeshiva College was invited lo participate in a radio debate with Cohinibia University on Station Vi E T). o ' the question: Resolved, that labor ' s pains be saerificed for national defense. Me cr Heller 41 and Abraham Karp 42 upheld the nesative of tlie question. ii (Milbusiastic ics])OMse from the listening audience indicated that the debate bad been a successful one. Concluding its schedule, the team engaged in non-decision debates witb the I ' nivcrntv of Newark. Rutgers Univcrsitv. and City Colleg e. Beside the aforementioned debaters, the squad consisted of J. Leonard Azneer 41. Trwin Cordon !.?. Reuben Sicgcl 42. and Martin Zion 42. The Fresbman Debating Team, led bv Carl Einboru. debated with the Freshman team of New York University, and the Talmudieal Acadcinv A arsity. . t the last meeting of the year. David Mirskv 42 was elected nresident : Reuben Siegel 42. vice-] resident : and Irwin Gordon 43. manager. XTitli onlv two mcmbt-rs lost through graduation, an ex])erienced group remains whicb is expected to iMigagc in one of the most active years in the history of the Didiating Society. Sei triitv-thrco 19 4 1 SERVICE GROUPS A campaign jnoinisc fulfilled, was the emergence this year of the Voca- tional Guidance Bureau, designed to offer much-needed information on occu- pational opportunities to meet the specific requirements of the orthodox Jewish vouth. Under the leadership of Hvman Chanover ' 41, it has already admi- nistered questionnaires on student hackground and interests, and introduced a ten-session cluh leadership course. The Concert Bureau, under the direction of Israel Rihner 43 and Martin Zion ' 42, served the entertainment needs of the student hodv with tickets to theatres, concerts, and radio hroadcasts. The pecuniary requirements of the students were satisfied by the Employment Bureau, headed this year by Samuel Sohel 41, which provided students with speaking, teaching, camp, and hotel jiositions. The Recreation Room, which was ]daccd this year for the first time under the control of the Athletic Manager, continued as a center of relaxation and diversion. Milton Kramer 42, the Athletic Manager, was also responsible for tlie Ping-Pong and Cliess tournaments, which were held there. Solomon Maimon 40 concentrated his efforts as Chairman of the Loan Fund toward clearing the debt incurred bv his predecessors, as well as admin- istering to student needs. Pincus Dachowitz 41 served in the caj)acity of Chairman of the Student Library committee. M A S M I D More fn((iiiiil coiilacts than ' vcr concerning matters of administration and curriculum were made by the Faculty-Student Relations committee, the chairman of whose student delegation was Hynian Chanover ' 41. Jules Seiden ' 42, as jiresident of the Maimonides Health Club, directed its activities for the year, and was mainly responsible for the numerous health films and lectures. Seventy-four Recreations Staff Tlio most difficult schedules in Ycsliiv:i l);i k(ll);ill iii.-lor %a- llic ilict Avhicli till ' Athletic Staff prcparcfl lor our l ;im lliis year. For the fir t time honie-and-hoHic scries were arranged with otlier teams, and the results were gratifyinu;. Another innovation was the scheduling of a Baskethall Game and Dance, in conjunction willi tlic Social Committee, in nIucIi eshiva faced John Marshall. Thanks are due to Morris Epstein ' 42. I iiiii-kic])cr, and Ber- nard Reiss ' 43. official scorer, who accompanied the team in all llieir games. The aclivilics of the Aliilclic Staff (■r(■ not confined to -upervising the program of the Baskethall Icaiu alone. F or the SlafT was instrumental in revitalizing the ] layrooiii. The sale of soda and other refreshnuMits in the room, acted as an incenlivt toward more parli(i|)atitin on the part of the students. Piiig-|)ong. chess anil checker tournaments cre al o hi Id during the course of the school year. Assisting Milton Kranun- 42. the Athletic Manager, were Jacoh Walker ' 43, Gahriel Schonfeld 41. David lirsky 42. Jules Seiden 42. Joseph Peyser ' 43. Charles Katz 43. Murray Leitner 43. and Erwin Herman 43. 19 4 1 Sctenty- ii£ HEALTH SERVICE I lie ishiva College Health S iviee. uiitler the direction of Doctor David . Swick. tiieilieal director, made siiiiiifieant progreiir during the year toward? the attaiiiiiieiit ol an ideal eollege health program making it an integral part ot the educational endeavors oC the college. Numerous features of importance were added with the view to create an intelligent attitude towards health in addition to the regular physical examinations normally administered hy colleges. In coordinating this vsork. Ur. Swick divided health education into the following four main categories: The teaching of hygiene in the classroom, physical education, personal health service, and hygiene of the school environ- ment. In the first two fields an attempt was made to correlate the instruction of hygiene with the findings of the examinations administered to every student. Dr. Menase Lucacer of the Hvgiene Department, before assuming his duties as a member of the instructional staff of the college, was engaged in weekly consultations with the students, which enabled him and Dr. Alexander Freed, of the same department, to better understand the immediate problems facing the students which were later discussed in the classroom. Mr. Abraham Hiirwitz, of the Physical Education Department, also gave individual attention to students and administered special programs on the recommendation of Dr. Swick. In the third field, personal health, significant advance was also made during the year. Aside from the general examination which each student re- ceived at the beginning of the year, the Health Service administered special- ized medical examinations to every Freshman in the fall semester and to every Senior in the spring. Among these were included dental, ear. nose, throat and orthopedic examinations, all administered by prominent specialists, and also tuberculin and Wasscrman tests. The Board of Health again reported a one- hundred percent finding in the last examination. Dr. Swick then consulted personally with each student with regard to his own case. 01 primary importance this year, however, were the periodic follow-ups, which continued throughout the year. These were administered to those students whose physical condition showed the need of special attention. The examinations were so directed as to serve especially in an educational and pre- ventative capacity. Its aims were to inculcate an intelligent health attitude on the part of the students and to advise them with regard to their individual cases. The Maimonides Health Club, sponsored by the Health Service, was under the leadership of Jules Seiden ' 42, who revived the club ' s activities for the year. A number of timely lectures and movies on health topics were featured periodically throughout the year by the group, which boasted of more than 100 students present at its every meeting. Although the students were urged to sec their family physicians, those un- able to do so were permitted to use the facilities of the Jewish Memorial Hospi- _ ___ tal for any personal medical attention. __ . c ivi T T-w The work of the Health Service was carried out this year by Mr. Mayer J - ' Abramowitz 40, assistant to Dr. Swick, and a student health corps consisting of Messrs. Erwin Herman ' 43, Charles Katz 43, Henry Margolis ' 42, Julius Rosenthal ' 42, Morris Schnall ' 40, Jules Seiden 42 and Samuel Sobel ' 41. -Sefenty-six c p terete rancau . . . Af iiiii lliis ycjir llic I ' lriicli Chili liiib icliiiind it- |)i -ili()ij .iiiiniij; llw i.iiik- iiifi jiclivilicH al Yi ' Hliiva. IIh cxIciiHivi ' |irii):riiiii umk liiincd on tin- (jriicriil aim nl ' ilclviii into the varied aHprcIs iif I ' rcncli riviii ,al inn. anil (;ivin(: llif  lililftil ii more riiiii|irrlirnsivc liaikniiiiiiKJ I liciciii. Tin- iliili .il |iiii|iliri to (. ' ivi- an cvallialiiin ol l ' ' raiicrs cuiiliiliiiliimv lo clcimxiinx ami lilii al iii . In line uilli llirsi ' oli jcci i r llic dull li-linid In an inlri i-l in;: talk (IIMii liy Dr. DaiiKin of llii ' I ' inr Arts l)i ' |iarliiii ' lit. Mr. Kinnv ol tlic -anic ili ' |iartiiii ' iit j.;av ' an illn.slralcil slide lecture on h ' reneli Art. I ' lie eiirreiil ' -itiialion in Franec and the jiossihle I ' litiire developineiits were diseni sed li Mr. .1. Handler, former .Nccreliirv lo (reorj e ' laiidel, e.x-ealiinet minister ol I ' rani ' e. Mr. Sidney D. Hraun. iimlnielor in I ' reneh at Yesliiva. spoke to the ehih alioiil {{onsseaii and oltair ;. ()r{;tiniz ' d three years a(;o. with the eonipeteni a--i ' laiiic ' ol Mr. liiaiin. the rhih has eontiniied to profiress. The |iresideiit ol the ehih wa Harold Kanato|iskv ' I ' i. Isaac (rieehano« ic , l. ' i was the editor ol ' 7 ' ie Hiimhmu. the annual |iuhlieation of the chih. ' I ' Ik- maga ine serves as a medium lor literary ed ' orts in Freiu-h on the part of the sludenls. and its articles cover a diver- sified ran i;e of subject matter. The French Clul) has made an enviable jilaee for itself amon ; the extra-curricular aelivities at the ( olleixe and will coiilimie to maintain it. Jjeviticker We emin . . . Due entirely to the untiring efforts of Dr. Ralph P. Rosenberg of tbe German Department, a German club has been formed for the first lime in the history of Ye.sliiva. The jiurpose of the Deulscher Verein — as the club is known — is to arouse an interest in German culture, and an attempt to understand the German philosojihy of life for the purpose of ap|)reciation and good will. The cluli meets once a month, and one of the features of each meeting is the singing of favoriti- (German songs by all present. Some of the subjects the Verein lias heard discussed at recent meetings have been A Potpourri of German Music , by Dr. Kenneth F. Damon, of the Public Speaking Department, who also played several recordings to illustrate his remarks: and The Problem of Translation bv Dr. Rosenberg. The latter topic was given in conjunction with the translation contest sponsored by the erein. A copy of (roi ' thc ' s Poems and Aphorisms was awarded for the best translation of Kniilp. a short storv bv Hermann Hesse, one of the foremost contemporary German novelists. The judges of the con- test were Dr. Rosenberg and Dr. Irving Linn, of the English Department, and the winner was declared to he Irwin Gordon 43. Among the club ' s plans for the future is a trip to a hrewerv where it will hold a beer party, after the old custom of the German uiiiversitv students. The officers of the club were Milton Furst 43. ])resident: Paul Scbuchaller ' 43, vice-president; and Jacob Spiegel 44. secretary. Seientyseien 19 4 1 CHESS TEAM Miillicmatics hiiviiitj. and liaviiij; liatl. an important plaoo in tlic luniculuni ol osliiva College, jiaincd the interest of students tins year in extra-elass work. Tlie Mathematical Recreations Club helped extend and widen the horizons of its members in their chosen subject, and provided a place for them to ] ool their interests for nuitual gain. The limited time of the classroom did not hinder the many interesting discussions which look place. In addition, topics not ordinarily dealt with in the classroom were made the subject of common interest, so that a near-kaleidoseopic view of the subject wa.s acquired. There have been mathematical clubs in the past, dating from about 1935, in which the names of Rabbis Meyer Karlin 37 and Jerome Willig 38 and Jacob Bronstein ' 40 have figured. This year, however, was the first time that the Club took u|)on itself the pleasant duty of arranging a series of lectures on various topics, given bv the members themselves, and noteworthy outside lecturers. The Chib. headed by Sevmour Krutman H. president: and Morris Cher- nofsky 42, secretary, included in its schedule lectures, explanation of difficult class material, and the publication of a journal based on the lectures — the first of its kind in Yeshiva produced by the undergraduate body. The lectures, held in the evening, usually meant sacrifice of valuable time by the students, but their avid interest was evidence enough that they were more than willing to make this sacrifice. Lectures were delivered on such topics as Topologv . Magic Squares . Mental Multiplication . Computation of Mathematical Tables , and The Quest for Truth . It is to be hoped that the precedent set this year will not have been estab- lished in vain, and will be continued in the future. Mathematics is a subject close to Yeshiva minds, and should find its extension in future activities of till- Chib. which, it is hoped, will rival — if not surpass — those of this year. M A S M I D Mathematical Recreatioes Cliub Chess, game of care and concentration, had its staunch devotees this year JU the Yeshiva College Chess Team. What with their various scholastic activi- ties it still was not unusual to find them poring over a chessboard till late at night. .After electing Sanniel Zaitchick 43. team captain, tryout games were arranged. The games played were replete with the French Defense, the King ' s Came, and the Albin Counter Gambit. A team was culled and its members numbered Samuel Zaitchik 43. .4aron B. Seidman 41, Alex Kanovsky 42. and Michael Katz 44. An annual feature of the Chess Club s activity usually is the Intercollegiate Chess League Tournament. This year because it coincided with the sorrowful loss o( our spiritual leader and as one Saturday figured prominently in its schedule, it had to be cancelled. Last year s team manager, Sidney J. Finkelstein ' 42, acting on behalf of the club made arrangements for an exhibition match and lecture by Dr. Emanuel Lasker, the former World Chess Champion. It waa unfortunate that this famed player passed away. The captain of the City College Chess Team was contacted and arrange- ments were concluded for a match in the near future. Chess matches arc in the offing with Cooper Union and Fordham University. These arrangements should offer the Chess Clubmen an exhaustive test of their mettle. In addition, a group of chess-fledglings has been forming in Yeshiva, and among them there probably can be found some promising material. At any time of the day they can be seen playing in dormitory rooms and classrooms. With such mounting enthusiasm it is not over-optimistic to predict that chess in Yeshiva next year will attain untold new heights. Seventy-eiKliC Inter in a tie in all llelatioos Society Willi l llini|)i ' cii illlcd ill llir lliror- l ;i ilr-tnirlivr w:ir. .mil llii- |i-l r ( llic wiii ' lil ill :i sl;ili ' of l ' l ' lllill iiiiii -!. liii- I mIiiikiI imml Itil jt imi ' - Soiii-ly cxlciiilcd ils I ' licr io iinil iilt ' iii|itril In loiiii ;iii ;iiiii l I iiiil |ii ' liiri ' iil ill ' - world siliiiil inn. rile .Hcasoii Itrfjaii willi iiii :i- sciiil)ly HpoiiHorcd Ity llic .Soricly. at wlii -li Onwnld (Jiirnn )ii Viliard, I ' oriiicr cdilor of Tfw ISalion. npokr on Anirrifa% Slake ill llic Peace of llie W Olid. I ' riil ' . Mexaridii l.iliiiaii a!- spok.- al llli- .•|Sf«Mlll !v on llie sllhjeel of pea c. The liexl iiieel iiif. ' iliclllded a -peeeli |i llie lale I ' l-of. Nino Levy, of llie New Seliool for Social Kc-ar.li. wlio addre-w.-d ihr ineeliiif; on ' riic I ' osilioii of llaly in llie Mndciii Woilfl. The Society llien liirned ils llioii lils lo llic Jewish prolileiii. and invilcd Ahvahaiii S. Dnker. niaiia iii cdilor of ihe Conti ' mpordry Jciiish Hi-rnril. lo speak lo ihe proii]) on The Siliialion of ihe .lews in Poland. - llie Ma-niid goes lo press, ihc Society plans lo invite several reprcscnlal ivc- of llie (Con- sulates of the nations which have hcen attacked hy afigressors. The suhjed of flisciission in future iiietMiii is will he The Fate of the Conquered Countries . ' Phis year. Dr. .Aaron Marpalith, assistant jirofessor of Political Science, again acted as Faculty Advisor of the Society. Tin? officers of the Society -were David Miller ' 42. president: Aaron Kra W. vice-))r ' sidenl ; and Irwin Ilcriiian 42. secretary. BETAR . Zionist-Revisionist youth movement. Brith Trumpeldor ( Betar i . was organized last February under the initiative of Leonard Marienstraus 41. This group, originally consisting only of undergraduates, .soon included in its rank many of the alumni. Mr. Aaron Z. Propes. leader of the Betar movement in the United States, explained the aims of the organization at the groiijts (irst session. The sub- sequent speakers. Beinish Epstein, famous radio commentator, and Elias Giiis- hurg. organizer of the .Jewish Legion of 1918 and president of the New Zionist Organization of America, explained the work of Betar youth in Palestine and ill the diaspora. Betar also distinguished itself through the Jahotinsky Aviation School, the only school of its kind in the world. The eshiya College chajiter of Betar. in cooperation with the International Relations Society, sponsored a meeting at which Eri .labolinskv. son of the late ' ladimir .Jahotinsky spoke. Mr. .labotinskv explained how he had brought refugees into Palestine, despite many obstacles with which he was confronted. The Brith Trumpeldor organization was led bv a praesidium consistini: of Leonard Marienstraus 41. Emaiuiel Za|nnsky ' 3,1. Rabbi Gersion Appel 38. Mever Ostrinskv. Sholom Xovoseller 10. Hvman W achtfonel 39. and Leonard Devine 41. Plans for the continuation of the activities of the group in Yesliiva. during the school year l ' ' 41-t2. and for turther increase in membership, liave alreadv been formulated. 19 4 1 Seventv-ninc MASMID Class Nites and Varsity Show Things are usually at a standstill up at old Y. C. tlie vear round. But as the various serial affairs loom in the offing, activity begins to mount and con- tinues to soar until it reaches a terrific crescendo of excitement with the an- nual Class Night and Varsity Show. This year proved to be no exception, as the students turned out in hordes on Sunday evening. March 2nd to the Student-Aluuuii Basketball game and Mixer. Although we mel with no competition as far as the game was con- cerned (we won 43 - 341, the Alunuii proved tiiemselves more formidable on the stage as Lou Cohen ' 37 and Eugene Michaly 40 provided entertainment in their inimitable ways. The feature of the night was the appearance of Rhoda Gravet who held the audience spellbound with her vocal renditions a la Helen Morgan. All went off as expected at the Faculty-Student Mixer on Sunday evening, March 23rd. With Dr. Damon leading the staid faculty members in a spelling- bee with two other teams consisting of wives of faculty members and outstand- ing members ' of the student body, the audience had an opportunity to witness the faculty members squirm as they grappled with unfamiliar subject matter. Al Salkowitz ' 43 and Emanuel Fi.seher 42 supplemented the other entertain- ers, i.e.. Dr. Damon. No sooner had the din of the Mixer died down than Yeshiva again became alive with activity in preparation for the yearly night of nights: Class Nite and Varsity Show. For, when the curtains parted on Sunday evening, April 28th, a sizable crowd was ready to be entertained bv Yeshiva ' Barrymores ' and ' Bennys ' . The Varsity Show, entitled Wreck-ruits brought with it peals of laughter before so much as one word was spoken by the actors . The cast, starring Dave Mirsky ' 42, Morris Epstein ' 42, Meyer Heller ' 41 and Sam Jaffe ' 43, performed in a manner comparable to a successful Broadway comedy. Supporting roles were handled with equal adroitness. The Class Nite presentations which followed kept the audience constantly chuckling. The Freshman class led off with a production portraying some very intimate scenes from a registrar ' s office. It was an amusing skit, although at times it lacked the necessary continuity. A bit of seriousness was injected into the proceedings as the Sophomore class presented The Eternal Light . It was a highly imaginative bit of drama starring Al Salkowitz and Lester Horwitz, both of whom performed creditably. It wasn ' t until the Class of ' 42 took the stage that the spirit of merriment again filled the hearts of the onlookers. There was hilarious comedy concern- ing itself with the fortunes of ' Creekus and Caduchas, Clothiers. Mena- chem Mend ' l Fischer and Irv Jaret proved to be all that was necessary to please the judges who subsequently awarded the first prize to the Juniors, for a truly side-splitting show. The remainder of the evening was anti-climatical, if even that, as the graduating class made a final and feeble effort at winning a first prize — the goal for which they have striven, and failed, these past four years. They tried to contrast what is learned at college with the reality of a hard outside world. The Social Committee this past year consisted of Elvin Kosofsky ' 41, chairman, Jerome H. Rosenblum ' 41, Morris Epstein ' 42, Sidney Reiss ' 42, Jules Seiden 42. and Jacob Walker ' 43. Eighty ATHLETICS Through the social lije oj the dormitories, and in many other ways open to the non- resident student. Yeshiva College affords ample opportunity for furthering the extra- curricular interests of the student. Through basketball, baseball, and other games, in both extra-mural and intra-mural activity, the athletic proclivities of the students are de- veloped and given scope. VARSITY BASKETBALL Basketball has developed into the major sport at Yeshiva College ever since its inception many years ago. This past season marked a forward stride in the game ' s progress, although the record itsell ' did not indicate that fact. The team ' s record of eight won and nine lost, does not detract one bit from the fact that it had done its best midcr the circumstances with which it was confronted (hiring tlic ' ntirc season. The team found itself, on the one hand, with one of the most difficult schedules in the school ' s history: and on the other, the added woe that two of the greatest athletes ever to compete in the livery of the Blue and White, Abe Avrech ' 40 and Irv Koslowe ' 40, were lost bv dint of their graduation. The boys that Coach Hy Wettstein jjut on the court this season really put on a fight wherever thev went. Thougli usually slow starters, they managed to rallv their forces suflficiently in the latter p Miods to win many a game. Through Captain Sam Meyer ' s abundant fighting spirit and Sam Rosenblum ' s accurate range-finding, the Y. C. (Quintet did credit to the Alma Mater in every encounter. MASMID The inaugural game of the 1940-41 season saw the Wettstein Wonders noac out the Brandeis chapter of the Masada, 39-35. As fate would have it, the first score was made by the man who was to go on to lead the team in individual scoring for the entire season, Sam Rosenblum ' 42. The Varsity Gym-dandies had their season ' s winning jtercentage cut as thev dropped an encounter to the Brooklyn College of Pharmacy by the narrow margin of one point, 34 - 33. It was a struggle from beginning to end with Ladv Luck finally smiling on the prospective prescription-fillers. In a wild encounter, the Yeshiva Hoop-cuts defeated the team of the New Y ' ' ork University School of Arts. 30-24. In their next game Yeshiva pushed Webb Institute around to the tune of 35 - 20. F.if(hty-two Ill till ' IN. Y. II. Ciilllliirirr aiiir on I) provi ' il III III- iinylliiii liiil wlml tin- iiiiiii •(■iiiilxr llli. iIk- Iw .-|ioiii1 liiKir iiiipliiH ;il liiiBl ill llic fir-l liiilf. Hcmc 20-7 iifiiiiiiHl tliiiii ill iIk- ii(I ol till- flTKl half, llw liain aiiiazi- llir oiilookrre willi a M ' iiililhiliii|i dinplay of liaxkrtliall [HdwcHH. Kill llir rally fell I wo poiiil hlioil. and . Y. I . wac victorioii . M -2i ' ,. Bill vvilli ill proccrdi ' d li III ilic C. C. N. Y. CoiiiiiKiT al llic end of llic lirHl half, liiil pill lo i-oiil ihcir adviTHurii ' H willi riiici ' iii vicloi ' ioiiH. . ' {7 - . ' {2. Pec ft el hy drihliiin llii ii) li his iiiau gainr. ' iL.inir. Ihr lloprfiil IIoop -Kr- aUo trailid ill the srroiid half. llifv aliiiofi complrlfly a hari-af; - of | oiiil-produ -in)j  liol -. finally Wee Krirdinaii 44 pulird llic crowd, lo iln H Icfiu lo score the iiio-l ainaziiij; Iiol ol llic The prcHsurc of a oiic-fjainc winning wlrcak was loo iniich f ir our lad«. and in ihi ' ir next S ' ' - • ' !• ' ' were defeated hy a Hiiperior John Marshall team, ) - ' Mi. The Ye.shiva Steam-roller didn ' t wante inu h lime in the I ' atlerHon { eltiiin wav onl in front from the moment the starling fiiiu was fireil. lycd there with plenty of pninl.« to sjiare throughout the rest of the fray. Iiif;he l scoring spree of the season, as they defeated the visitor - (jaiiu and sin It was ih 50 - 2.S It was for our w ' ar miles from the Heifjhis for whom llic licll lolled, as they were downed i)v a powerful and really fasl-moviiif; (piinti ' t fr«(m (loojier Union i)v a score of . ' 52-28. Il was a very close and wcll-foiifiht panic from he Niininp lo end. In adhering lo the time-honored adage ahout starling llic new year riglil. our hoys jtroceeded lo prove themselves superior to City (college I plowii. I) healing them in their own ha -k vard. 32-29 on January 2nd. Il was Sam Rosenhlum again in front of the scorers with 14 to his credit. All that was necessary on February .5th was the presence in the line-up ol Irv Jaret ' 42 and Iz Steinberg, who between them scored all hut seven of the team ' s total for the evening, accounting for 17 and 12 tallies respectively, as they routed N. Y. U. Washington Square 36-25. On February 8th. the Coninipntrilor ran a headline which read: ' KSH1 A HITS BIG TIME— BIG TIMK HITS BACK. This was a black si.ot that will long stand out in the memories of those stunned onlookers who hoped to see a basketball game. The game found Brooklyn College defeating 1 eshiva 77 -21. with Julie Kasner the humble owner of a modest 46 points. The effects of the Brooklyn game seemed to have lingered on as our boys found themselves on the short end of a 53-40 score as Jersey State Teachers proved themselves the superior team. Our combination continued their losing wavs. as thev next bowed to Cooper Union for the second time this season. 55 ' . 41. Even with the presence of such note-worthies in their line-up as Abe Avreeh. Irv Koslowe. and Norinie Goldklang. the former wearers of the Blue succumbed to the plaving of the Varsitv. 43 - 34. The I niversity of Newark ran up a great total of points to defeat our boys by 16 points. 54 - 38. Ill the final game of the season, i exciting game, bv the score of 68 - 57. shiva bowed to John Marshall in an Next season promises lo hold more favorable prospects, since the loss due lo graduation will be comparatively small this year. Only Captain Sam Meyer will be missing from next year ' s line-up. and the captaincy will be shared by Harold Esterson ' 42 and Sam Rosenbluni ' 42. 19 4 1 Eighty-three TENNIS TEAM A team consistiiif; of three freshiiieii and four sophoiiiores wore the hlue and white uniforms of the Yeshiva tennis team this year as they participated in the most difficult schedule arranged for anv tennis team since its introduction as an athletic activity. Manager Jacoh Walker ' 43 arranged a schedule which included Queens College, Long Island University and John Marshall College. Although defeated in each engagement, the team could not he accused of loafing. Even hefore the weather was suitable for tennis, the hovs did their best to practice their strokes in the gymnasium. The added experience which the team received this year is bound to result in a strong team next year. The team will remain in its own class rather than attempt to play teams above its level. Members of the team who turned out for all practices included A. Abelow ' 44. L. Auerbach ' 44, M. Bell ' 44, M. Chernofsky ' 42, A. Cohen ' 44, I. Fredman ' 44, I. Jaret ' 42, A. Karp ' 42, S. Lander ' 44. S. Leiter ' 44. M. Leitner ' 43, M. Maltzman ' 44. J. Peyser ' 43, C. Rothblatt ' 44, A. Salkowitz ' 43, J. Seiden ' 42, S. Steiman ' 44, and J. Walker ' 43. MASMID Eiiihty-four A rare occurreiue hainx-iiod this year when a freshman team won the Intramural Baskethall championsliii). The hulk of the team consisterl of men who were unahle to gain herths with the A arsity. and therefore it isn ' t rliffieult to understand how they went through an entire season without howinp lo anyone, regardless of elass or ahility. The Frosh Five was earried through its schedule undi-feated hy virtue of the presence in the line-up of its mainstays. Ahe Hartstein. Sol Kaplan, and Sol Lehrman. all of whom ] erformed remarkably well, and managed to do most of the scoring. They played with the precision and workmanship of a machine, at no time forgetting that five men went to make up one unit. As an illustration of their fine teamwork, one need only notice that the scores were always evenlv distributed among the entire team. It might be significant to note llial the leading individual scorer was not a member of the Freshmen Five. Il Nas. instead. Harry Perlnuitter 41. who went about his business from game to gauu ' . each time managing to walk away with the scoring laurels. If some research were to be done on the subject, it would probably be found that this was the case in his four years of intra- nniral competition at eshiva College. To the Sophomores fell the uMenviai)le honor of being the occupants ol last place, without havi ng capluied a single game to their credit. Jules Seiden 42. assistant Athletic Manager, tlid a creditable job in arrang- ing the schedule to suit tiie desires of all classes. 19 4 1 Eighty-fiie m t ri • t ' l fM. w ' W- lift ij . • MASMID letramiural Baseball New Yorkers will have one consolation in the event that none ot the home team wins a league pennant this year. That is — the 41 Men maintained their supremacy on the diamond by winning their fourth consecutive intra-mural Softball championship in as many years of competition. They succeeded in overpowering all opposition in each season in which they competed. This vear found them more formidable than ever, in one game mounting up as many as twenty runs, thirteen of them coming in two successive innings. Probably the most convincing example of their power was given in the first game of the Junior-Senior double header. Trailing by a count of 5 - 1 in the last inning, six consecutive balls were hit out of the park, and before the opposition could recover, the score was 6 - .5 with the seniors romping home with another victory. No small amount of credit is due the team ' s ace hurler, Nat Rabinowitz, whose brilliant pitching was instrumental in subduing all opponents. He pitched in every one of the games in which the ' 41 champs participated dur- ing their four-year reign. The team played as a well-integrated iniil. with bolh infield and outfield turning in superlative performances. This year ' s infield was composed of Mike Heller, Eli Sar, Harry Pcrlmutter, and Elvin Kosofsky. Cons])icuous by his absence this year was Gabc Scbonfeld, who could not play regularly be- cause of an injured ankle. The outfield remained intact during the four years of competition, and played a steady brand of ball throughout. Sam Meyer grazed in the left- field pastures, while Alie Listokin displayed his usual acrobatic stunts in center. The trio was rounded out by Moish Wohlgelernter, without whose potent bat victory would often not have been attained. Jerry Rosenblum acted as a field secretary for the team. Slugging honors were divided between Meyer and Oeuf Weinberg, each hitting two home-runs. Oddly enough all of these drives came in the same game: the Frosh-Senior battle. Credit for the handling of the inlra-nmral softball contests belongs to Gabriel Scbonfeld. It is interesting to note that be has served in the capacity of assistant Athletic Manager in charge of the intra-mural baseball competition since his arrival in the school. 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