Wisconsin School for the Deaf - Tattler Yearbook (Delavan, WI)

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INDIAN WARFARE By Robert Schneider Ever nine© the white man has known anything about the Indian, he ban observed that Indian war have been numerous. The aim of the Indian neemed to be to Ret a tneny »cnlp» from Ida ©nemie im pofilhlo. There have been wars over hunting ground be.ween the difTercnt Indian rile aa they never remain-cd long In one region for they had lo live v here frame was plentiful. I often happened that when one til)»e -cttlcd a short d stance from another, war between he two frequently occurred. If one tribe hud boon beaten by another or had lost come of it' warrior in battle, then an attack to revenue be dead wn planned. Thi Indians often went to war agninnt the whites for the tamo reason. The story is told that an Indian, tn 'he fir-t white mon'i emtp in thi west, stole goblet and was hanged for that. This so affected the Indiana of the West that they always hated the whit© . The whites in their exploration of the far west to And new trapping ground hod to cro » the Plain'' to reach the western highland . One of the famous road through this region is the Oicgon Tr» 1. More than three hundred housand people pointed that wav to California ond .he Nntthwej . by ox-term, and at least twenty thourrnd met death ut the hand of the Indiana. It pi hr Indian custom to hold a council before going to war. The chief In hi feathered cap « od nt one aide of the e’rde of Indian warrior and delivered a fiery speech. Often the rnunw and children were not permitted .o remain near. The Indians put on their war puint and armed themnelvc with their best weapons. Mon of them wore war bonnet and carried lomahnwks, knives, and bows nnd arrow . A wnr dance was usually held before going to battle The Indian women, children nnd old men rII .-at In a large circle while the warrior danced intide around the war post which was a short tree with it hark removed. They struck it wt h the'r hatch©: until nothing wo left of it. On the plains Indians wen , to wnr on horse bock, bo , in the thick forests of the Hast it w»» necessary to take to foot. Smoke signal that could be seen nt least twelve mile were used on the prairies to convey message nnd lo worn o’her Indians of danger. Sometime swift Indian runner were a! o sent out with mri-•age . After battles were over, the Indiana usually carried home their dead and wounded. When they were brought in, the wailing of women begun and lasted through the period of mourning. The Indian played a great part in the Revolutionary War nnd in the colonial war . In the French and Indian War they were given fire water and fire arms to fight for the French who promised them bead nnd guns, if they brought in any Amorican captive , parents, although watching their children most closely, were often bereft of their little ones who, in some cones, were found in Indian camps years Inter. In the year immediately following the Civil War, companies of cavalrv were sent went of the Mississippi River to subdue the Indian who wire causing much trouble to ihc brave pioneer corning the plains. These men noted that the Indian mind wa like thn of u child in the body of «n adult, for Indian couldn’t be stopped from fighting. If there huppctied to be a lull in the struggle between the Indian and ;h« soldiers, the red men quicklv sent out war par-tic Into the camps of their nearby enemies. If an Indian had lost or couldn’t us , hi weapon, he would fight with fist, tooth, or nail an he though' it was cowardly to surrender. During the numcrou wars, some Indian chiefs become famous for their bravery. Other chief sought their aid and were proud to campaign wi h them. Thcv often held councils and made plan to attack wood cut'.«r or hands of cavalry In vn t numhi rs so they would be overwhelmed in n hort time. A story has bean told how thirty-two o!dier near Fort Phil Kearny entrenched themselves behind a screen of wagon-boxes nnd defeated Red Cloud’s Indian numbering about three thousand. Every time they came within close range, deadly work with the nrmy rifle was done, and It was said that bullets passed through one Indian into another. The Indian couldn't understand urh incewPPt nnd devastating a fire. It was in mid afternoon that thcv gave up a eleven hundred of their number lay in a mass in front of the wagon-boxes while only one of the whites had been killed and one injured. Thi story spread among the other Indiana and the two thousand that escaped death never fought white men again for they did not wish to have another bad medicine fight with vhe white men . Today almost all the Indian that are in the country live on reservations where they are being educated to give up their old time warfare, which ha become a thing of the past. —17— NINBTEEN THIRTY-FIVE

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VALEDICTORY By Hortha Zola Wo cnn hardly realize that the end of our school day has been reached. When I was small, I used to look up to the twelfth grade as if I had to climb n long ladder to get there and thought I would never arrive. Now that we are at the top we can look down to the bottom and it does not seem so far aa it once appeared. In this school wr have been trained to solve the problems presented us, to be self-reliant, and fair In our dealings with other . This training certainly has helped u» a gr«at deal and we hope it will aid us to become good citizens and successful in life. Since this school has been a wonderful place for us it U with sorrow that we realize we have to leave. But we shall take with us memories of our happy days here. Owing to present economic conditions it may be hard for us to find work but we must not lose faith nor hope but try hard to push forward to success. To Mr. Bray and you teachers wc wish to express our sincere gratitude for the useful courses you have provided for us and your patience and pesistence In seeing that wo followed them. We appreciate your advice and help, which have influenced us, and they will not he forgotten. It is hard to express in words how thankful we feel. To the Board of Control and the State of Wisconsin we wish to extend the thanks of the claw. We appreciate your providing appropriations to run the school and thus make It possible for us to come here and take advantage of the training the school offer . Parents and friends, this school. I know, is the best school for the deaf in Wisconsin because the teachers understand the deaf, and the sub jocts taught are so arranged that we are able to master them step by step I would like to have you help other deaf children by telling their parents to send them to the Wire on In School for the Deaf at Do'avan. For eighty-three your thin school has stood here on Institution hill. Many students have graduated Some work on farms; some in factories; some have become teachers here and in other state ; some have business of their own. In short the gn-nt Majority-have become useful and self-supporting citizens. Seventy■-Sevan student from this school have gone to Callaudet College in Washington 1). ( .. the only college for the deaf in the world, and thus have been able to enjoy tile advantages of higher learning. So you see you would be helping other deaf children by getting their parents to send them here My Schoolmate , we must say farewell to you us schoolmates, but not as friend for. though wo will be scattered over the ■tuto. we expect to meet you at reunions, picnics, and social gathering . For many year we have associated with you. and our many experience- can not be forgotten. We Khali miss you, and our sincere hope is that some day all of you will be able to graduate a we ore doing tonight. My classmate , some of you will go to higher institutions while the rest will endeavor to find work out in the world. If you ever are in despair remember our motto Stand Fust” and fight to overcome discouragement. My desire is to rr you successful and happy in life. My last word is to bid you all farewell. —16— THE TATTLER

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BURIAL CUSTOM OF AMERICAN INDIANS By Carmello Di Chiara The Indian; venerated their dond and hold peculiar ritci und ccrotnoniw at their burial. It has been aid there were two hundred different lungiiug. - among the Indiana, which shown there were many different tribe- who •mint IMve halt more or U ;-- different burial ceremonies. The accounts of writer.-), who traveled among the Indian-, and what hM been (Uncovered in the burial tnounde of there people, hive u some idea of their corumomei;. Some of the Indian placed their dead on platform.- ju»t to prevent the bodies boing molested or eaten by wild animal or dog . Th. Slout put the IhxIIio on the branches of trees. Other tribe built small pyramid under which the chief lay with plenty oI upplh- . which the Indian thought he could use m hi Jour-noy to the Happy Hunting Grounds. When an Indian died, it wtu a frequent custom for tint medicine tuau to - et him in u sitting position in front of u poxt or tree m ho looked like a live man. In the Last of the Mohicans Cooper gives on account of the burial of Corn and Cnc s, two of the principal character of the story. The body of Uncos, arrayed in tho movt gorgeous ornament that the wealth of the tribe could furni h, was put in a sitting position while directly n front of him hi father sat and during the wholi coremony kept a -toady gnr.r at the countenance of hit ion So quiet and eadfaat was he thut one could hardly tell between the living ond the dond. A warrior renowned for his bravery ndvanced -lowly from tho crowd, composed of ••h« whole tril-v, and placing him -If before the dead I'ncnj spoke of bis bravery and achievement nnd th. orrow of tho tribe in losing him. Most of the lending men of tho tribe followed him und upbke their tribute to the departed. Young Itidinn women spoke of Cora and her virtues and their hope that she would be happy In the hereafter. They then joined in n haul to the dead after which the bodies were taken to their lost resting place. George Cntlin, who traveled extensively among the Indian . -peak of the burial ground of a Mamlrtn Tribe. When one of the tribe died, the body wtu wrapped tightly in fresh buffalo robe securely bound und placed on a raised platform. ope of Hundred in thi Indian cemetery, nnd toft there until in tho course of time tho platform decayed and rnmc tumbling down. The ikull of tho dec cared was then taken nnd preserved while the re t of tho bom are buried. The skull, with many others, wa placed in a large circle, twenty or thirty feet In diameter. All faced the middle. Fresh age was placed under the sJculi nnd renewed from time to time. While tho body wa on the platform relative of the dnerus-I :l como out to the grave yard nnd throwing themselves on the ground with theh faces in the dirt gave vent to their grief in loud cries und bowling, tearing their hair nnd cutting themselves with kttiVttt. After the -kull had been placed in the citric, the wife or mother of the dwcuwod would mine out und it down on the ground before it nnd peak to it in a pleasant tone of voice ns if the wan talking to n living person and wi.-died to make thing us pleasant for him ns h« could. In some tribes ut a funeral the Indian made a great noine, howling and rhoulinvr n loud n» they could. They did thi s that the spirit could escape from the dead body und go to tile Happy Hunting Ground where there wu,« nothing 10 do hut hunt. flnh. cal, dunce nnd ring, add play games. Tlu Grr.it Spirit was their God. There Is an account of a Crow Chief who died. The Indian of the tribe a mil.led around the body and cried for nt out five day . They killed the chieT three horse- and gathered plenty of food nnd mipplh for hi Ion;- trip to the Happy Hunting Ground . Every one put hi hands on the brad of tho deceased und mini how sorry be vv» . Then the body WO buried in a crpvjcc. HI mother, cut off her hnlr dose to her head to show her orrow. The Indians of the different tribe realiy ro-peefced their dead und mourned the departure of loved one . They differed from os only in their mean of showing their reaped und grief. The memory of noted person of the tribe wa cherished for a lone time and in some rase- accounts of tho feat nnd adventures of the departs! were told over and over again until they became Iq-gend . bike u they believed there was one God, the Maidtou, or Great Spirit, nnd n life in the hereof tor. —IS— THE TATTLER