Wisconsin School for the Deaf - Tattler Yearbook (Delavan, WI)

Text from Pages 1 - 52 of the 1934 volume:

TLhc ljjcarlv battler :uiti:i and Composed nv the .Vknioks The Wisconsin State School for the Deaf Delavan The School Press FORWARD In making this, our nineteen hundred thirty-four Tattler, we have striven to make it serve as a Memory Book, recording our school life at the Wisconsin State School for the Deaf. As we turn its pages may it unfold treasured memories of pleasant associations and of friendship strong and true as well as memories of years filled with work and play, joy and sorrow, laughter and tears. DEDICATION To the makers of the Badger State The sturdy and freedom-loving pioneers who cleared the forests, drained the swamps, made roads and cooperated individually. The ministers who taught the value of religion, and, in the expanding prosperity, told of the spiritual values. The teachers and authors who kept revived the value of learning and gave to us at home and abroad skillful leadership. The artists who taught us the beauty of our hills and streams and forests. The patient toilers who put in concrete forms, the dreams of the dreamer, the ideal of the idealist, and the philosophers and their wisdom; to each, one and all of these, we acknowledge our debt of gratitude and dedicate this ‘'Tattler ’ to their memory and our lives to uphold the honor, integrity and greatness of our state. THE TATTLER Our Superintendent Mr. Bray has been in the educational work practically all hi life. Bom in Wisconsin, he received hia education in the schools of this state. Mr. Bray first taught in the rural and graded schools. Inter he became principal of the high schools at Cuba City, Linden and Bloomington. At Dodgeville he had charge of the history and civics for three years when he was elected County Superintendent of Schools for Iowa County. In 11 17 Mr. Bray was elected Superintendent of Schools for the County of Grant. For three years he had supervision of the day school for the deaf at Bloomington, Wisconsin. Mr. Bray has had charge of the Wisconsin State School for the Deaf since 1918. T. EMERY BRAY Page four 19 3 4 THE TATTLER Baccalaureate Address Sunday, June 3, 1934 •I 2:30 o'clock SONG—Fear not ye, O Israel Sung by ..................... Mrs. M. R. William Signed by ................. Phoebe Hughes, Genevieve Perhai and Eva Herman SCRIPTURE READING Prayer SONG—Lead, Kindly Light Sung by...................... Mrs. Leonard Jones Signed by ............ Pauline Long. Harriet Dettman and Gladys Bnverfeldt BACCALAUREATE ADDRESS—Rev. C. W. Boardman Benediction ❖ r Commencement Exercises Thursday, June 7, 1934 at 8 o'clock SONG—Home Sung by....................... Mrs. Richard Beswick Signed by ............ Hertha Zola and Vinona Long Invocation SALUTATORY.......................... ADDRESS ................................... VALEDICTORY ........................ Presentation of diplomas SONG—I do not ask, O Lord Sung by............. Signed by ........... . Adeline Malm Mrs. Katherine Sullivan ... Alden Ravn Mr. Rulph Johnson . the Senior Clans Benediction Page five Scenic THE TATTLER FARM BUILDINGS ROBINSON HALL BRAY HALL PHOENIX HALL Page eight - 19 3 4 THE TATTLER PHOENIX MALI. SWILER HALL ARIADNA HALL Pajre nine 19 3 4 THE TATTLER ARIADNA HALL COCHRANE HALL WALKER HALL BRAY HALL 19 3 4 Page ten Jfacultv an£ Seniors THE TATTLER OUR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS DORA LOWE High School Principal MARY WILLIAMS Composition KMT1I MATTESON Hi ndinff JOHN GANT Grammar Page twelve THE TATTLER OUR VOCATIONAL INSTRUCTORS GENEVA LLEWELLYN Art GEORGE WOOD Carpentry PEARL HELMANIAK Swing Page thirteen THE TATTLER ALDEN RAVN Dclavan A nolicr a Mr man in l � th chat ut ter anil •UUtre. Valedictorian Art Printing Phoenix Green Boy Scout Poothiill Baseball ADELINE MALM Madison “She can cw. hr can cook, anil know how to l� akr. A «� od little wtle •ome iUy � b will make “ Sal utatori an Art Domoatic Science Child Care Beauty Culture Get-Together Club Ariadna Literary Society LEROY ElNBERGER Manitowoc He do� - hi- own thinking anil take little atlvfce. Printing Linotype Carpentry Art Phoenix Green Boy Scout Football leapt.) Basketball leapt.) Baseball Page fourteen I93 THE TATTLER LORRAINE SZAKLEWSK! Milwaukee S« Ural, to � «l, «lld to full of r«ir. Her rdlftii on her pretty («t. Domestic Science Art Child Care Get-Together Club Beauty Culture Ariadna Literary Society Swimming EDWARD AUSTIN Richland Center Wire he forever vJmqmtbcd. hr cotilil aripir dill. Printing Art Phoenix Green Roy Scout Football Baseball . Carpentry LEONA LUEPKE Bonduel ••‘Hut hy end rnoded n«l friendly I m I ihr ■mallrd one in the Senior CU� � .” Domestic Science Child Care Art Beauty Culture Get-Together Club Ariadna Literary Society Swimming 19 3 4 Page fifteen THE TATTLER WALTER REUTER Milwaukee The man worth while i� the roan who can «imlc. Printing Art Carpentry Etching Roy Scout Phoenix Green Football Baseball LUCILLE ROSZAK Milwaukee •‘.SIway gentle and willing i« work We cannot tiuajine her trying to h� rh. Domestic Science Child Care Beauty Culture Art Ariadna Literary Society Get-Together Club GAILEN O'CONNELL Elmwood liuu hath charm - •« hath the muMcian Printing Carpentry Phoenix Green Baseball Clast Motto Soar not too high to fall; but stoop to rise. Class Colors Class Flower Blue and Silver Lily of the valley Class Officers President .......................... Edward Austin Vice President ...................... Alden Ravtt Secretary and Treasurer............ Adeline Malm Page sixteen 19 3 4 t i i I i JEssavs | ! I ! ! i I l i 1 • 1 i i THE TATTLER SALUTATORY By ADELINE MALM Member of the Board of Control. Superintendent. Teacher . C! mate , Friend , one and all: Wo wonder if you can realize just how proud wo, the class of 34, are to appear before you tonight ns graduates of this Hchool to welcome you to our commencement exercises. Wo arc glad to see you hero, and, in behalf of the class, I want to bid you welcome and to thank you for your interest in us and in our school. We are the sixty-fourth class to he graduated from the Wisconsin School for the Deaf. Only three of the nine members of the class have spent all their school days here, the remaining six having joined the cluss at different times during the past nine years. Ours has been u class of strong friendships, and when we leave here, we shall carry with us many happy memories of the days spent together remembering— The tilings we did, the things they did; the things we hoped and thought; The things we oughtn’t to have said; the things we ought; The smiles we smiled; the sighs we sighed, the little schemes we schemed. The laughs we laughed, the tears we cried; the little dreams we dreamed.” At a recent elms meeting we decided upon blue and silver as our class colors. We chose these colors because blue stands for loyalty and silver represents the worthwhile things in life . The lily of the valley is our class flower. Our motto is, “Hour not too high, to full; but stoop to rise.” 1 feel that our motto expresses the thought of every member of the class. We are eager for success, but we know that we cun bo successful and happy only by first doing well the humble tasks that lie all around us in everyday life. We do not expect to undertake tasks that are beyond our ability to do well. It is hard to believe Unit after tonight we shul! no longer he students of this dear school where wo have spent so much of our lives. During the years that wo have been here, we have seen classes come and go. We have thrilled nt tho thought of the time when we, as graduates, would stund here before you. Now that this great moment” has arrived, wo just can’t express our feelings in words. We arc glad, of course, that we have at last reached our goal, but there is also u feeling of regret. Tomorrow will be, for us, the beginning of a new day, and we wonder if the world will be as interested in, and as kind to us, as our friends here have been. 1 want to thank you once more for coming, and to extend to you, in the name of the class, our most sincere welcome. 1934 Page eighteen THE TATTLER VALEDICTORY By ALDEN KAVN We, who stand tonight at the mooting between n happv past and nn unknown future, have reached not the end hut the Commencement of our lives. Graduation from high school U � milestone in the career of anyone. To nil of us, it mean the conclusion of twelve or more years of carefully supervised activities and a transition into a now freedom with iU challenge and its bewildering problems. For some of us there will be added preparation in higher institutions of learning, other will enter the school of experience and hard knocks. However, no matter where our paths may lead us, wo know that there will bo a pluco for us and work to do. Today our country needs young pepp’e with in itintive and honesty more than it has ever needed them before. By modest effort® and earnest endeavor, we hope to prepare ourselves to fill, to the best of our ability, the niche which will fall to our lot. To th Members of the Board of Control «■ well as to our Parents and Friends: I wish to extend the thanks of the clat for the privileges we have enjoyed here. We naturally feel that we are better trained and more carefully looked after than many who attend schools in other places and under other conditions, nnd so we feel very grateful to thoso who have made it possible for us to come to this particular school. To our desr Superintendent end Te� chers: We have spent many years of our lives under your training. We realize that you have tried hard to he’p us pass this milestone in our lives, and since we have reached it. wo wish to express our sincere thanks for your guidance. How well you have succeeded, of course, only the future cun determine, but we trust that the years to come may demonstrate to your satisfaction as well as to our own tlrnt, out of the stulT from which we are made, you were a.- successful as even your ambition could desire, in turning u out—men and women. To My Schoolmate : We wish to say fnrewell to you with whom we have been so closely associated and have had so many experiences that cannot ho forgotten. We urge you to do everything possible to make each day worthwhile so that when your turn comes to step out into the world, you may have that feeling of gratification which crowns a work well done. To My Cl mAte : To you the last words must be addressed. In our work here together, we have become very dear friends, nnd it is hard to say good-bye to the ones for whom we have learned to care. We have shared our pleasures, our triumphs, and our few disappointment' for so long thnt when we are separated, we shall miss the old companionship more than we. realise. Whcrc-cver we may be. let us remember the days spent at this school nnd, as we leave, say Au revolt’' but not goodbye. 19 3 4 Page nineteen THE TATTLER KNIGHTHOOD By ALDEN RAVN Knight nood cnmc into existence in the Middle ages when military feudalism originated in Gcr-mnny and later spread into France, England, and other countries. Whenever knighthood was spoken of, one understood that it meant courtesy, protection to the helpless especially women and children. It stood for courage, honesty, and nobility. True knighthood seem to belong to the past for so many of our men of today seem to be sadly larking in those quulititios with which the knights of older times were endowed. The training of a knight was as follows: When a boy of high birth reached the age of seven, he was sent away from homo to be trained in the castle of some noble or lord. There he spent a number of years in attendance upon the lord and lady of the custle nnd was taught how to bear himself in a mannerly way. During this period of time he was called a page. When he became older, he attended his lord, learning to ride, hunt and use the arms of a knight—the sword, shield and lance. In some castles be might have been taught the uso of the ciuarterstnif, cudgel, long bow, crossbow, knife, nnd dagger and the art of wrestling. Then he was called an esquire. A few esquires were special attendants upon the lord and Indy, holding such positions as body squires, cup bearers, carvers nnd, sometimes, the olhcc of chamber-lain. Others were trained in nrms and served as body-guards. After he was skilled in the use of nrms. he became a sejuiro. Hi duty was to uccompany his lord to the tournament or battle, to help him put on his armor, to provide him with a fresh lance or horse in the combat, and, in case of need, give him nid. Sometimes the squires were divided into three classes, first, squires of the body, who waited upon the Earl; second, squires of the household, who had regular hours assigned for excercisos in the pratice of arms, and third and last, a class called bachelors, young men ranging from eighteen to twenty years of age. This class supervised the younger lads by keeping them in order and saw that arms and equipment were kept in good shape. They called the roll for chapel in the morning and sent those not upon duty out for their daily exccrcise of urms. Orders to squires were generally transmitted htough the bachelors and the head of this bouy was expected to nmkc weekly report of happenings in their quarters to the chief captain of that body. After several years of such Service, having ranched the age of twenty-olie, nnd having proved his skill und courage, he was ready to become a knight. Often the ceremony of conferring knighthood was not performed until the squire had won his spurs by some heroic deed. The highest ambition of the squire was to be knighted on the field of battle us a reward for bravery. If this was done the ceremony was simple. Some famous knight would strike the kneeling youth on the shoulder and say, I dub thee knight.' The ordinary ceremony took place with much more pomp. The first step in this was n bath which signified purification. Then the squint put on garments of red, white, nnd black. Red stood for the blood he munt shed in defense of the church; white, for purity of mind; black, in memory of death, which comes to all. Then come the vigil of arms in the church, where he watched and prayed all night, either standing or kneeling before the altar on which lay his sword. At dawn the priest come. The squire confessed his sins, heard mass, and took part in the holy sacrament. Then perhaps, he listened with the other candidates for knighthood, to a sermon on the duties of a knight. Later in the morning he appeared before his lord or some well-known knight, his spurs were fastened on his hoots, and the sword girded about him. Then he knelt before his lord, and the latter gave him the accolade; that is, he struck the squire a blow upon the neck with his fist, or with the fiat of his sword and said. “In the name of God and Snint Michael and Sadat George, I dub thee knight. Be brave nnd loyal. After the ceremony, the knight gave an exhibition of his skill in riding and in the use of weapons, nnd the day ended with feasting and merry-making. The knight was expected to be loyal to his church and lord, to he just and pure in his life, and to be kind to all in need of protection, especially helpless women. During the time of knighthood, tournaments were held yearly near some large city. At these tournaments champions met challengers. The chnmpions were those who wore noted as the best fighters. The challenger were those who wanted to take the championship from the chnmpions so that they themselves might receive the honor of being one of the best fighters. If n challenger struck the shield of a champion with his lance, it showed he wanted Page twenty THE TATTLER to fight that particular knight. The knight wo forced to light. At these toumuments the champion of the first day chose the Queen of Love and of Beauy. The same champion, if he won the second day, received the Chaplin of Honor from the queen. This crowned him champion above all other . Chivalry really was n system of education for the nobles as it taught them the best social and moral ideas which the time could understand. Chivalry is what made Washington, Lincoln, Peary and other work for the good of their country. Even our flag is a symbol of chivalry- The brave men who fought in the World War were knights because they gave up their live for the helpless. Wc should see to it that this spirit lives on and hear ourselves with courtesy, honor, and goodwill to all. A SAXON HALL By LEONA LUEPKE The Hall of Rotherwood, located in eastern England near the River Don, was in the midst of a dense forest. This was n Saxon manor house, or, as it was commonlv culled, the Hall This particular hall, of which I am thinking, wa built of stone und timber with a roof of thatch. The low, irregular building, which enclosed several courtyards, was entirely surrounded by a moat with a drawbridge across it from the outer palisade on the further edge of the ditch to the innur stockade. The roof was thatched with straw stubble over heavy beams and rafters. A well-fortified castle or hall of that day sometimes had wattled walls of grout height. Wattling is strong sticks or slabs of wood interwoven, one with another, to the necessary height. Such a barrier was used instead of a stone wall to protect the enclosed structure. Inside the building there was a great hull which was used os a sitting, an eating, and often as a sleeping room. Bundles of straw or some skins were thrown on the floor to make hods. Huge fireplaces were seen at either end of the long, wide hall. There were no chimneys for carrying out the smoke like those of today, but rude clay affairs were often aided by holes in the roof. If the owner was wealthy, us in the case of Cedric, the Saxon, the wnlU were decorated with brightly colored tapestries or curtain- On the side of the apartment hung implements of war and of the chase. However the rough plastered walls were often left bare as they were at the lower end of the Hall of Rotherwood. The rude, earthen floor, compost'd of earth mixed with lime and trodden into a hard substance such as is often found in the floors of bams today, was uncarpeted. Heavy, rough-wooden benches supplied the places of chuirs. For about one quarter of the length of the upurtment. the floor was elevated by a step, and this apace was called the dais. It was covered with a gaudy carpet. A table, richly covered with a scarlet doth, was placed through the long way of tho ilatform, and another extended from the middle of tbi mauler’s table well toward the bottom of the Hall. The whole formed u huge letter T. Most of those ancient dinner tables were arranged on the same principle. Massive chairs and settles of carved oak were placed on the dais for the matter and member of the family and for guests of nobility. To each of these chairs was added a footstaa! '••iriotuly carved and inlaid with ivory. The floor umier the table below the dais. being covered with bono thrown to the dogs during men Is, was in quite u filthy condition. Gottrtl of a lower order of society took their places with the servants at the farther end of the huge greasy surface of the long table, ilark with stains and littered with crumbs, for they did not make a practice of removing them after meals. The feast which was spread upon the long table was indeed a bounteous meal. Swine’s flesh, cooked und served in several modes, appeared on the lower part of the bourd, as also thut of fowls, deer, goats, and hares as well as various kinds of fish. Huge loaves und cakes of different kinds of bread could have friut jellies or jams and honey served with them. The smaller sorts of wild-fowl were not served on platters hut were brought in upon email wooden spits, upon which they had been roasted whole and were offered by the pages and servants to each gueet. one after another, who cut from them such as a portion us he pleased. The master used a small white truncheon or staff, which lay by his trencher, to beat the dogs to calm. Re- K6! Page twenty-one THE TATTLER aide neh person of rank wu placed n goblet of silver; the lower hoard had largo drinking horn instead. Several different kinds of wines were served as well os mead, a drink used by l ,e Saxon and made of honey and water, strong ale, rich moral made of honey flavored with mulberries, sparkling cider, and pigments which were sweet and rich liquors composed of highly spiced wine and honey, Guests often drank to the health of the lady of the hall saying. “Waeahnll. ’ (Be in health.) This Saxon custom continued in England for many years and at Christmas time the wassail bowl io even now a part of the holiday celebration. Another Saxon custom was the grace cup, a cup of wine, which was passed from guest to guest as a final health after the grace concluding the meal. The sleeping rooms for the master's family were behind the dais and were reached by a hull and rude stairway, the steps of which were formed by beams of solid oak. In the Indies’ bedrooms, the walls were usually covered with colorful embroidered hangings or tapestries interwoven with silk and gold thread and which pictured scenes from the popular sports of hunting and hawking. The hod might be adorned with the sumo rich tapestry and surrounded with purple curtains or those of some other rich hue. The rude, uncomfortable seats about the room also and stained coverings, and the one for the Indy might be higher than the rest and he completed with a footstool of carved ivory. No fewer than four silver cundelnhrns, holding great waxen torches, served to illuminnte such an apartment. Yet no girl of today would envy the magnificence of u Saxon princess for the walls of the apartment were so ill-finished and so full of crevice or cracks that the rich hangings shook to the night blast, and, in spite n sort of screen intended to protect them from the wind, the flame of the torches streamed sideways into the air like the unfurled pennon of a chieftain. In case of visitors to the lady, the maidens in attendance upon her, without leuving the a-puritnenl, retired to its further end. and sat down on a small bench against the wall, where they remained mute h« statues, even though at such a distance that their whispers could not have interrupted the conversation of their mistress. The master’s bedroom was furnished almost the same us the ladies’ bedrooms except tlint the hangings were of more somber hue. Sleeping apartment In this large and Irregular mansion stretched backward from the hall From an ante-room the guests were conducted to their sleeping rooms by a servant with a torch. Tho. e of importance were taken to fine rooms, while those of lesser degree were led with more haste than ceremony to an exterior part of the building surrounding an open courtyard whore a number of small apartments or rather colls, served for sleeping places for the domestics and to strangers of mean degree. The door of the cell of the cage-llke cell was closed before the torch was placed in a candlestick made of wood. The furniture, which was of the most simple kind, consisted of a rude wooden stool and sti I ruder hutch or bed-frame, stuffed with clean straw and covered with two or three sheepskins by way of bed clothe ami a short wooden log which served ns a pillow. The sun beams found their way through the little grated window which served to admit both air and light to the uncomfortable cell. The Saxon hall of England were slowly succeeded by Norman castles, as the victor of old Englnnd were given the land of the conquered Englishmen in return for loyalty and military service to the powerful William and his successors. But in spite of the destruction of the Saxon hall, Saxon customs could not be stamped out entirely by the conquering Normans, so that today we still find some trace of the Saxon hull in some of the living rooms of our modern homes with their beamed or vaulted ceilings and large fireplaces. THE TOURNAMENT By LEROY E1NBERGER The tournament was a common sport of the Middle Ages in which two armed bands of knights combated each other with lunces or swords in order to exhibit their strength, skill and courage, or for the honor of the ladiea. These combats were very popular during the eleventh, twelfth and fifteenth centuries. The first combats, however, were held in Franco in the ninth and tenth centuries, hut the custom spread to England, Germany, and the southern part of Europe. They 19 3 4 Page twenty-two THE TATTLER were introduced into England after the conquest of the Normans. It was during the fifteenth century that they took the form of a pageant. Tournaments were given by wealthy nolle , earls, dukes, or by the king himself. They made very elaborate preparation , and the invitations to the tournament were carried by heralds. A custlc guard would report thut a herald had come to the castle gate. The gaU was opened for him ond his cavalcade to enter into the court-yard. Then a Hast was blown by a trumpeter to coll the folks of the castle to hear what the herald had to say. He proclaimed the tournament to all who were worthy of knighthood and would give their respects to ladies. At that time the herald explained everything; what the prizes would be, what weapons could be used, where the tournament would be, when it would be held, and other details. He sometimes made his announcement in markets and even went into the neighboring countries. Traveling was slow work so the invitations were given long before the time came for the tournament, but on that very day every knight began to get ready. As for the ladies, they, too, made ready their wardrobes. When the time came for the great event, the journey was safe because people iti different countries would not harm or injure them, not even their enemies at such times. From far and near many knights und their ladies, squires and servants came to the place of meeting. The host welcomed them and gave them good lodgings. Some would sleep in the castle, some in a neighboring village and some in their own tents. Wherever one slept, he set up the design of his coat of urins over the entrance so that nil the knights would know who he was. If he had broken his promise to any woman or had been a coward, he would not be allowed to take part in the tournament. The courtyard of the castle was a scene of great excitement. It was like u village. There wero many old friends who were happy to meet each other again. There were feasting, music, dancing and singing. The night before the tournament everybody went to bed early, but the next morning all were hard at work. The armor must be polished, rivets, straps and buckles closely inspected, and horses must be well fed and rubbed down. Each one was discussing the contestants. One hail made himself popular because he was very strong, another hud been skillful in munaging his horse, while still unother had shown determination. Every lady must be fair because it was her duty to choose the winners. Early in the morning everyone went to the lists, which had been prepared long before. A double row of wooden railings or ropes fenced an oblong area, and a space between the two was saved for those who were to help the injured knights. The galleries, which were out side this empty space for the ladies and nobles, were richly decorated with costly tapestry. The pages und young maidens were dressed In bright colored clothes and jewels. The lord of the tournament made his announcements, explaining carefully what arms were allowed. No one was allowed to bring any weapon with a sharp point into the lists. If this was ever permitted, they used rockets which were pieces of wood that protected the point of the lance. The heralds gave out the rules of the contest. Some of the rules wore: The one who broke the most lances would be a winner and should be awarded the first prize if they were broken according to the laws of the tournament. One who would break a spear by striking a man out of the saddle would gain three points, but if it was broken by striking the saddle itself, he would lose one point. If one struck a horse or struck a man in the buck when he was not armed, he had no chance of getting a prize. Before the tournament started, the arms of the knights had to be examined by the constables, as there were some who would not conform to the rules, especially when enemies were taking part. When all was ready, the heralds shouted. Come forth, knights.” Th« contestants then entered the list . The horses in their beautiful harnesses und jeweled bridles pranced gracefully. The gold and silver armor gleamed in the sunshine, and polished jeweled helmets wore decorated with ribbons belonging to the ludies. Each one thus bedecked her favorite knight. When it was time to begin, the Indies gave the orders for the ropes, which were stretched between the two sides of the lists, to be snatched aside. After the trumpets had been sounded, the knights bent low, put spur to the horses, and rushed toward their opponents with lances. The spectators were excited; some held their breath while the minstrels played and the trumpets blared. The trampling of the horses shook the plain, and the noise of arms and the breaking of spears filled the air. Men were unhorsed and their blood mingled with dust. There were usually several encounters the first day. Following the tournament, the lists were deserted. After those who took port had bathed and dressed, they had n banquet with the ladies at which they hud o gay time. Tho lady who had been chosen Queen of Love and of Beauty was 19 3 4 Page twenty-three THE TATTLER led to one after another. The knights knell ho-fore her when she presented the prize to them. Then she gavo a little talk. After the prises were awarded, gifts were presented to the heralds. Often, one day was not enough so the second day the lists were given over to the squires. Kaeh one wore the armor which his knight had used and did his West to do as well. Young maidens presented prizes to thorn. Sometimes the great event continued through the third day when both squires and knights took part. If two knights were rivals or enemies, they took advantage of the opportunity to comlmt with each other. So the tournament at times became a little war for the purpose of injuring and destroying life. Sharp weapons were then imported into the lists. At such times the ground also was drenched with blood. While it is true that real lighting occasionally took place, the purpose of the tournament was to encourage and exhibit skill, strength and bravery in the use of weapons. At best it was a rough and dreadful sport. The tournament varied in different countries and not all had the same rules and ideals, but I have mentioned in the short space 1 have the points which were general. THE TRIAL OF REBECCA By ADELINE MALM Rebecca, the daughter of Isaac, the Jewish money lender, was made a captive at Temple stowe by the Templar, better known as Sir Brian do Bote Guilbort. After the fall of Tar-quilslone Castle which had been captured by Richard I with the help of Robin Hood and his forest outlaws, Rebecca had been forced upon a horse and carried off to the Preceptory of Templestowe by the Templar whose overture she had already refused. The Preceptory was a religious house of the order of Knights Templar of which Bois Guil-bert was a member. As a rule, the members of thut organization were not allowed to marry. This establishment was strongly built and well fortified. Two halberdiers, clad in black, guarded the drawbridge, and others in the same livery glided to and fro with a funeral pace upon walls so that they resembled spirits more than soldiers. The Grand Muster of the Templars had arrived unexpectedly at Templestowe from Prance where the headquarters of the order were located. He was a man advanced In age to which hte long grey beard, and shaggy grey eyebrows testified. When the news reached him that Ret cccn had been confined in a remote and secret part of the building, he demanded that she be brought to trial the next day. Orders were sent out to prepare the castle hall as a court of justice in which the sorceress, as he had determined to call her in order to save Bote Guilbert from merited punishment, was to be condemned to death. In order to prove that she was a sorceress. evidonee, that she had thrown spe b and used incantations over the soldiers of the blessed Temple, was to bo presented at the trial. The innocent and unhappy Rebeccu was led into the room and placed on the dais or elevated part of the upper end of the great hall where she for the first time faced the Grand Master of the Templars. He was dressed in full and ample robes of flowing white, and in hb hard. In- held the mystic stuff which bore the symbol of hte order. At hte feet was placed a table occupied by two scribes, chaplains of the order, whose duty it was to make a formal record of the proceedings of the day. The preceptors, of whom there were four present, occupied seat lower in height and somewhat behind that of their superior, and leaser knights were placed on benches still lower. Behind them, but still upon the dais, stood esquires of the order in white gowns of an inferior quality. The remaining and lower part of the hull was filled with guards, holding partisans, or pikes, and with persons whom curiosity had drawn to see the meeting of the Grand Master and the Jewish sorceress. A psalm, which was sung to the old church tune by the Templars and the Grand Master who, in spite of his advanced years, had still a deep and mellow voice, rose to the vaulted roof of the hall like the sound of rushing waters. When the sounds ceased, the Master cast hte eye slowly around the circle and observed that the seat of one of the preceptors was vacant. Brian dc Page twenty-four THE TATTLER Lois Guilbert, by whom it had been occupied, had loft his place and was standing near the ex trctnv comer of one of the benches occupied by the knights’ companions of the Temple. One hand held his long mantle so that it hid his face. In order to save Bob GoQbert and the order of Knights Templars, the Grand Muster rose, and, with an eloquent tongue, put forth the circum-stances which had occasioned the trial. He stated that the noble Bois Guilbcrt. no doubt had erred, but that he could not be blamed for bringing KelMTCca to the preceptory for the knight was possessed by same demon or was under the in fluence of a spell cast over him by the wicked sorceress. Several witnesses were called upon to bring evidence to prove his statements. One by one they came and told their stories which had been carefully prepared to fasten the guilt upon the beautiful Jewish maiden. There was in the crowd a man, whom Rebecca hud restored to the perfect use of his limbs by a miraculous balsam after he had been bedridden for years. He was dragged forward to the bar, terrified by the guilt of having been cured of the palsy by a Jewish damsel. Perfectly cured, he was not, for he supported himself on crutches while he gave evidence to prove his statements. One by one, his evidence. He also produced a small box bearing same Hebrew characters on the lid which was sure proof thut the devil hud brewed the ointment it had contained. At this period of the trail, the Grand Master commanded Rebecca to unveil herself. Opening Iter lip. for the first time, she replied patiently, but with dignity, thut it was not the custom of her people to uncover their faces when alone in un assembly of strangers. The sweet tones of her voice and the softness of her reply made an impression on the audience. But the Grand Muster, who didn't have any sympathy for her, repeated his commands that she should be unveiled. The guards were about to remove the covering from her fuel accordingly, when she stood before the Grand Muster and told him that if she had to unveil herself, she would do it herself rather than let it be removed by such rude grooms. In her countenance, bashfulness contended with dignity. Her exceeding beauty caused a murmur of surprise, and the younger knights told each other silently with their eyes that Brain had been under the power of her real charm rather than witchcraft. Another witness, one of the guards from Tor quilstone Castle, was called before the bar to tcstifiy against Rebecca. He said that he had seen her standing upon the turret of the castle, and, all of a sudden, she changed into the form of a milk-white swan and flew around the castle three times; and then, settling on the turret, she had once more assumed her own form. All that evidence had been too much for Rebecca. and there seemed to be nothing for her to do to save herself. The Grand Maxtor hnd learned all thut he wanted, and, in a solemn tone, demanded of Rebecca what she had to say against the sentence of condemnation which he was a-bout to pronounce. In her hand there was a note which had been thrust into it by someone when she entered the Hall. Slyly opening it she read in Arabic characters, Demand a champion. She quickly destroyed the scroll unobserved. Then the Grand Master spoke again and asked if she hud anything to say. She broke out with the statement that there was one chance of life left for her and that she would not cast away the gift of God. She told him that she was innocent und declared the falseness of the accusation and demanded a champion to buttle Bois de Guilbert for her, and if he won, she would be saved. The epistle to her father, urging him to procure a champion for her, was sent out by a messenger and reached him soon for he hud come as near the preceptory as he dured. He quickly turned his mule and went in search of lvanho whom he found at Coningsburgh Castle. He made straight for the Preceptory of Templestowe to rescue Rebecca. On the third day as the noon hour approached, Rebecca didn't know whether she was facing life or death. All eyes were watching the gutt of the preceptory for Rebecca’s champion, und arrangements were being made outside for the combat. A throne which was erected at the east end of the tilt yard for the Grand Master was surrounded with seats of distinction for the preceptors and knights of the order. At the opposite end was u pile of faggots arranged u-round a stake where Rebecca was to be burned to death if her champion failed in the combat. The bell of Templestowe began to ring, the drawbridge fell, the gates opened, and a knight bearing the great standard of the Knights Templars. sallied from the castle, preceded by six trumpeters, and the preceptors of the order, with the Grand Master, mounted on a stately horse, lust. At some distance came Brian de Bois Guilbert whose face was partly hidden by a long plume which floated down from his cap. Behind him came other champions of thr Temple. Still behind these marched a guard of wardens, and with them was Rebecca, moving with a slow but undismayed step owards the scene of her fate. Stripped of her ornaments, she hud been com- Boge twenty-five THE TATTLER polled to substitute a coarse white dress for her Oriental garments. Sh - was conducted to a black chair near the pile of faggot and calmly waited for her champion, but as none appeared, u herald was aent to Rebecca by the Grand Master to inquire. Her reply was that she would not give up us she felt sure that her champion would come. At that instant, a Id ugh t, urging his spent horse to greater speed, appeared in the distance, and when he approached the gate, informed the herald that he was the champion for Rebecca, the Jewess, to combat against Lois de Guilbert who, he said, was a traitor, a murderer nnd a liar. When the Templar saw Ivanhoe, he refused to fight so that the Saxon culled him a coward. Thus stung, the Templar was forced into the combat. Soon, seeing ench one in his place, the herald read the rules of the combat. Then the trumpets sounded, and the knights charged each other ut full speed. Hois Guilbert reeled u his Middle, lost his stirrups, nnd fell in the lists. Ivanhoe, hastening toward him, leaped to the ground, and with his foot on his fallen antagonist's body and the sword's point at his throat, was about to snulT out his life, hut Hois Guilbert did not answer nor move. He was ha.-itily examined, and bis spirit was found to hnvc tied before Ivanhoe bad had a chance to slay him. Thus the trial of Rebecca was ended with Ivanhoe the victor of the comhnt, for apparently God in His wisdom hud seen fit to smite down the proud, haughty Templar, and free the innocent Rebecca. • THE CRUSADES By WALTER REUTER From the early days of Christianity it was the custom in all parts of Christian Europe for people to make journeys to the Holy Land and worship where Christ hud lived nnd died. This was thought to la; a very pious and meritorious act and one that secured for the pilgrim the blessing of Heavcn.But the Mohammedans of Asia Minor secured possession of Palestine and persecuted the pilgrims. They destroyed churches or turned them into stables. The people of Western Europe wished to rescue the Holy Land from the infidels and so undertook military expeditions to Palestine for that purpose. These Crusades covered u period of nearly two hundred years. In the year 10! f� the Pope commissioned Peter the Hermit of France to prench a crusade against the infidels. The idea spread like wild fire. Many thousands, without waiting to gather supplies or to form an nrmy, marched under Peter the Hermit and a poor knight called Walter the Penniless. The crusaders knew nothing of the country to which they were going, and but little of the road by which it should be reached. They made no provisions for fighting the Turks or to protect themselves. On the way thousands perished from hunger, sickness and lack of shelter and when they crossed the Bosporus into Asia almost all were slaughtered by the Turks. The main body of the First Crusade hud better leaders and along the way many armies were ndded until the expedition numbered 300,000, but when they reached Jerusalem, only about 20,000 remained. At Jerusalem a battle was fought and many infidels were killed. The crusaders succeeded in capturing the city and established the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, loiter some went home while the rest remained in the Holy Land. In the year 114f« the city of Edesmi was tuken by the Turks anil the population was slaughtered or sold into slavery. The Second Crusade wns then formed under the leadership of the Kings of France and Germany but accomplished nothing. Fifty yeurs later the Third Crusade wus caused by the capture of Jerusalem by Saladin, the sultan of Egypt. Frederick Barbu rossn of Germany. Phihip Augustus of Franco und Richard I of Eng.und took the cross, that is they vowed to engage in a new war against the Turks, and set out, each at the head of a large army, to recover the Holy City. Richard 1 raised all the money he could und gathered a large fleet to go to the Holy Land. While the German army under the Emperor Frederick was crossing a swollen stream, the emperor was drowned. The nrmy, discouraged at the loss of their leader, returned to Germany. The English and French armies finally reached Acre which they captured. I ater Philip of France nnd Richard I of Englund quarrelled and Phillip returned home leaving his army in Palestine. For more than three years Richard 19 3 4 Page twenty-six THE TATTLER stayed and fought with Saludin, the chief of the Mohammedans. Dissension among the allies prevented the capture of Jerusalem, so Richard mode a truce, by which pilgrims wore allowed free access to the holy places, and then returned to England. In the year 1202 the Fourth Crusade captured Constantinople instead of Jerusalem. The crusaders established a government of their own which lasted only n little over hnlf ft century when the Greek;; recovered Constantinople and held it until 1453 when it aguin fell into the hands of the Turks. Between the Fourth and Fifth Crusades a French shepherd boy named Stephen, went from place to place in France declaring that Jesus hail commanded him to lead a company of children to the Holy I,and to rescue the sepulchre of Jesu from the unbelievers. Thousands of chlldem joined and flocked in great numbers Another young leader in Germany named Nicholas arous ed German children, mostly under twelve years of age. to set out for the Holy Land. They hud neither weapon nor any thought of using them and expected the waters of the sea to divide so that they could pass over dryshod. They supposed that the walls of Jerusalem would fall at their coming and the infidels yield to them without striking a blow. The German crusaders. 50,000 in number, crossed the Alps where nearly all perished. About 3.000 marched down through Italy to the Mediterranean and sailed away never to be heard from again. The French children, 30,000 in number, set out for Marseilles where those children, who sailed, wore betrayed and uol J us slaves among the Mohammedans. The Fifth Crusade was led by the kings of Hungary and Cyprus, but its strength was waited and it resulted in nothing. Frederick II of Germany headed the Sixth Crusade and succeeded in securing the restoration of Jerusalem and some other cities from the Saracens. The Seventh Crusade was under King Louis IX of France and accomplished little. In the year of 1270 Prince Edward of England and King Louis IX directed the Eighth Crusade. Ix uis went against the Moor in North Africa where he died of the plague and his expedition was given up. Edward succeeded in capturing Nazareth and in compelling the sultan of Egypt to agree to a treaty favorable to the Christians. The crusades were a spur to travel, trade, and cliivalary. They awakened new tastes and desires to possess luxuries enjoyed in the East. Trade between the East and the West was greatly increased. Many industries were fostered by the needs of the crusaders, and their progress hastened. The crusaders later inspired Columbus, Vasco do Gama, and Magellan to make their famous voyages of discovery and thus helped in man's knowledge and conquest of the earth. • NORMAN CASTLES By LUCILLE ROSZAK The name castle, a word derived from the Latin, castellum, was a name first upplied to the fortified camps set up by Home in Gaul. Later the word was used to mean an edifice serving as a residence and a place of defense. The French people first built wooden blockhouse; on mounds of earth, around which they dug broad ditches and built palisades. Later, the Normans built castles of stone which were a great improvement over former fortresses. They introduced these castles and the feudal system into Kng-C os tics were usually built on places of advantage. One castle was built on an island which could only be reached from the sea by ships during high tide. To reach this from the land, one had to drive along a road or dike which land after they had conquered the island. was three or four inches under the surface of the water. This road made a sharp turn with which the inhabitants were familiar. Enemies, not knowing about this curve, would piunge into water six or sevon feet deep. Norman castles however, were usually built on rocky crags, at river fork.-;, or at some point at which the enemy found it very difficult or even impossible to reach. The one narrow road around the cliff’s to the castle was very well guarded. Main entrances to castles were always well guarded. Most of the castle , which were built on level ground, and evon on mountains, had a strong palisade of heavy stake set in the ground at their outer edge. These stakes wore driven into the ground ut an angle � o that the pointed tops slanted outward. As one entered the gate 19 3 4 Page twenty-seven THE TATTLER in the palisade, the outworks, n wall made of two rows of heavy timbers between which earth had been filled in, could be seen. Then one could see a deep ditch or moat filled with water surrounding the entire castle. Across the moat there was a drawbridge, which could be lowered to allow friends to enter, or raised to koep enemies out. Inside the moat stood the outer wall of the castle about five or six feet thick und sixteen to twenty feet high. Along the top of the wull were frowning battlements, und rounded towers at intervals, with loopholes through which the men might fire ut or watch enemies. After one crossed the drawbridge, he was confronted with a heavy wooden door which burred the entrance to the castle. Usually the muin entrance was guarded also by a portcullis. This was un armored gale or heuvy iron grating which could be raised to allow free passage or lowered to bar the way completely. After passing through these entrances, one found one’s self in the open courtyard. On entering the gate at Torquilstono Castle, where Rowcnu and Rebecca were held prisoners, one could see the soldiers’ quarters on either side. Before him stood the mighty donjon or keep. It was several stories high nnd was the strongest part of the castle. The donjon served as a residence for the lord and his family, and was fifty or sixty feet high. It was honey-combed with passages to ull parts of the castle und sometimes beyond the outer walls. The wulls of the donjon or keep wore of stonework from eight to ten feet thick, and there were loop holes in its sides where skilled arches stood guurd. The entrance to this keep led to the second floor by a drawbridge which protected those inside. In the lower part of this building were dungeons in which traitors and other prisoners were kept. The walls in this keep were slimy and dripping, and overrun with vermin. There were no win- dows to let any light in, nnd the walls were so thick that not a sound could be heard by thoxo who were locked in this prison sometimes for months. On one side of the huge donjon, one could boo two buildings of a smaller site. One of these was the stable where the lord of the castle kept his horses. The other building was the servants' quarters. As one went around the donjon, he came to another building which was the kitchen. Here, the food for all the villagers and the lord was prepared. Large ovens in which the bread was baked, could be seen. As one went on, he came to the dining room which was situated almost in the center of the reur end of the donjon. This great hull was the center of life in the pnlnce. Great dinners were served nnd knighting und wedding ceremonies were held there. Walking further, one passed another drawbridge leading to the keep. This drawbridge or passage was used chiefly by the lord und his family. In front might be seen again two buildings close together which were used a storehouses for the gram. Nearby, stood the chapel which was located in one corner of the yard. Here, the lord of the castle and his family attended dnily mass. As one came out he found himself in the place where he started his tour of the castle. There was but one more interesting thing. In a corner was the huge tUtyard. There the tournament took place and, there also, the horses were exercised and the young men had their dnily drills und contests. The invention of gunpowder made castles useless os a protection. Though many castles were built luter, they were no longer regarded as strongholds. In many parts of Europe, one may see the ruins of castles. A few have been kept in a habitable state. These now merely serve as objects of curiosity to tourists who must pay u small fee to see them. • ■ • KING RICHARD AND HIS REIGN By EDWARD AUSTIN King Richard I, one of the most noted kings of England, succeded hi� father, Henry II, to the throne in 1189. Richard 1 was the second son of Henry II. The first son having died, Richard thus became heir to the throne. He was an English king but spoke the French tongue. Fear was unknown to Richard. He was fam- ous for his bravery in war. He was like a lion when it came to fighting and was called Richard, the Lion Hearted. An old chronicler nays Richard Couer de Lion, which means Richard the Lion Hearted, got his name from an imaginary adventure he once had with a lion. It � said the lion attacked him, and as he had no weapons, he thrust his hand down the lion's 1'age twenty-eight 19 3 4 THE TATTLER throat and tore out bin heart. The first thing Richard did after his coronation was to free hi mother from Winchester, where she had been held prisoner for a long time, and put her at the head of the English government until he arrived in England from Normandy. When he was crowned, he did not issue n charter or a pledge of good government as his father, Henry II, had done. Rut he did vow to defend the church, maintain justice, make statutory laws, and to abolish evil customs. He wna at war most of the time and was in England only a few months during his ten-year reign. Most of these wars took place in the Holy Land while he was on the Third Crusade. He had joined with the King of France and the Emperor of Germany in a crusade to make the Mohammendans give up possession of the Holy Land to the Christians. Richard did not have the funds neccsnry for the expedition so he extorted loans from the Jews who, at that time, had almost complete control of money in Europe. He also levied heavy taxes, sold offices, nnd for ten-thousand marks sold Scotland its freedom. He even sold charters to cities and towns and remarked that he would also sell Lon-don if he could find anyone rich enough to buy it. His seal for the crunadc to wrest the Holy Lands from the infidel Mohammedan? was so great that he used unchristian means to raise money for what hr and others considered a very pious and worthy undertaking. After the money was raided, he started on his crusade. His object was to drive the infidels from Jerusalem. He approached ns nenr to Jerusalem as the Mount of Olives. He did not capture Jerusalem. but he was able to make Salndin, the lender of the Saracens, agree to a truce that gave Christians free access to the holy place? without persecution. It waa on these crusades, fighting the Snracens in Palestine, that Richard gained his fame as n warrior. On his return from the Crusades he fell into the hands of his enemy, the Emperor of Germany, who held him prisoner. Prince John, Richard's brother, whom Richard had left in charge of England, tried to have Richard held captive so he himself could secure possession of the throne. It is said that Blondel. a minstrel who had accompanied Richard to the Holy Land, brought the news of Richard’s captivity to England. When Richard was taken captive. Blondel knew nothing of it and lost all trace of him. Being a faithful servant, he continued looking for his master throughout Germany. While on his search, he would sing a song which Richard and he had composed. Knowing that he would probably find Richtrd in some castle, hr traveled from one to another singing the song. One day as he was singing at the foot of a castle and had just finished the first verse, he heard Richard's voice join in on the second. He knew he had found his master and carried the news back to England. On payment of a large ransom Richard was allowed to go free. He forgave his brother John for plotting against him. Richard spent the last few years of his reign in wars in France. In the last year of his reign he heard that a Inrge amount of treasure had been found in the ground in the southern part of his French possessions. He demanded a large part of it but was refused. So he be-seiged the castle belonging to the baron there. Richard threatened to hang every man. woman, nnd child unless the castle surrendered at once. While he was riding around the castle, an arrow struck him. He neglected the wound, and it became infected. After the castle was taken, the man who had shot the arrow was brought before Richard. Richard asked him. What have I done to you that you should kill me? The man answered, You have slain my father and my brothers and taken all that belong.' to them. Richard forgave the man and bade his servants set him free, but when Richnrd died from his wound, they fell upon the man and beat him to death. Richard was burned beside his father at Norman Abbey. From Richard’s reign England gained two important advantages. First, a greater degree of political liberty, second, a new intellectual and educational impulse.. England also profited a great deal from his crusade to Palestine because the civilization of the East at that time was far in advance of that of the West. On his travels, Richard and his followers gained knowledge and new ideas unknown in England. This knowledge had a great effect on the life and government of England in Inter years. It also had influence on the growth of the universities of Cambridge and Oxford. Although these institutions did not become prominent till about one hundred years later, they are today leading universities in the world. The CruRades were also beneficial in promoting trade between the East and West. Page twenty-nine 19 3 4 THE TATTLER A DAY IN THE FOREST WITH THE OUTLAWS By LORRAINE SZABLEWSKI Before rotating the experiences of n day in the forest with the outlaws, I should like to muke some explanation as to who they were. The well-known Robin Hood, the leader of these merry men of Sherwood Forest In England, is supposed to have been Robert, Earl of Huntington. During the time of the Third Crusade in Palestine, when England was trying to capture the Holy Lund, under the leadership of King Richard; and Prince John was ruling the country. Robert, Earl of Huntington, won a happy, wealth-y. generous, highly respected earl, owning a castle near Sherwood Forest. However, the time came when his joy was suddenly turned to sor-row, for he was obliged to sell his castle to pay his debts. At a big dinner to which he had inivted the few friends who were still faithful to him, there stood in the doorway n herald, telling him to appear at the king's court, where ho would he tried foi treason and debt. The messenger added that if he failed to follow those orders within six days, he would he made an outlaw. The earl, not knowing which choice to make, turned for help to his sweetheart Murian. daughter of Lord Fitz-wnlter, who, though unbidden, hud been brought in by Friar Tuck. She advised him to become an outlaw .explaining that, though the accusation was false, once in the king’s court, there would bo no escape lor him. As an outlaw, she was confident that he could outwit the king. (Jo and seek your own kingdom! she said firmly. He then usked some of his admirers to follow him into the forest. There were about a hundred men in all who joined him. Among them, who were of noble birth, were Friar Tuck, the priest. Little John, his trustworthy servant, and Allan-u Dale and Miller, his best friends. When they set off for the forest, they were clad in homespun; and instead of hows and arrows, they carried heavy quarterstaves. After taking up their abode in the greenwood, they wandered among the trees and thickets, killing the king's deer, and often going into the city in disguise. The place in Sherwood Forest where they dwelt was not very far from Torquilstonc Castle, a strong fortification, owned by Reginald Front de Reauf, a mightly but cruel Norman knight, who kept prisoners in the dungeons of his castle in order to extort huge sums of money a - ransom. On this particular day each prisoner of Tor- quiistonc Castle hud been put into a room and was waiting to meet his fate. Isaac, a Jewish money lender, had been thrown into the dungeon of the castle and was being forced to tell whore his money wo . He refused, and when Front de eauf was about to bum the Jew’s feet with n hot iron rod, he heurd the blast of a horn. Dropping the iron, Front de Iteauf hurried to sec what the excitement was. The guard at the castle gate informed him that n huge knight in black armor seemed to he lending a targe group of forest men on the caatlc. He proved to be the knight who had taken part in a tournament at Ashby the day before, where ho had designated himself os the Black Knight. He hud joined Robin Hood and his men and soon led them to victory; the castle was destroyed, and all the prisoners except the little Jew Isaac were rescued. After the fall of Torquilstone Castle, the out-taws entered the ruined fortress, and. after securing its treasures, carried them to their Trysl-ing Tree on Hnrthil! Walk whore they divided the spoils. The place of rendezvous was on aged oak under whose twisted branches sat the bold outlaws. Robin Hood assumed his seat, n silvan throne of turf erected near the ouk. He commanded the Black Knight to sit at his right; while Cedric, n wealthy Saxon noble, who had been rescued at Torquilstone by the outlaws, was placed nt his left Then Robin Hood, or Locksley ns he had been known at the tournament, declared that a tenth part of the spoils was for the church; a portion was next nlloted to a certain public treasury; another for the poor; and the rest wa to go to the members of the band according to their rank and merit After each had taken his portion of the booty, Robin Hood discovered the absence of Friar Tuck. While they were discussing his whereabout-:, a loud shout from the yeomen announced the arrival of the priest with the Jew. Isaac as his prisoner. The priest told of his return to the ruined castle in search of some wine and how he had found the Jew there. The Black Knight was about to leave for Con-ingsburgh Castle, where there was to be a burial feast; but before taking his departure, Robin Hood handed him hi horn to give warning when in danger. After he departed, Robin Hood and his men hud a merry feast consisting of stock-fish and ale. The Black Knight and his guide, Wamba. were 19 3 4 Page thirty THE TATTLER riding at their leisure through the recedes of the forest, humming to their heart ’ content. Womb , who was ever ulert, spied someone behind the hushes not h great distance off and knew that trouble was at hand, so he took Lockaley'l horn and blew three times. When nearing the dunger-� pot three arrows dew pant them. As they pushed on into the thicket, they were met by six or seven armed men who ran against them with their lances. The knight stood behind a tree fighting the intruders; but the enemy pressed close and were about to kill him. when I.ockxley and his men appeared on the scene. The Black Knight demanded the leader of the fighting group to unmask und found that it was Fitxurse, n former loyal friend of King Richard, but then a follower of Prince John, who had won over a fow of King Richard's admirers during the king’s absence in the Holy Land where he had been fighting to recover Jerusalem. To the great surprise of the outlaws ,the Plack Knight, upon the removal of his ms-k. was found to be King Richard himself, who hud returned from the Crusade in disguise. Thus ended an eventful day with the outlaws in the forest MtA vA f sA f THE PEOPLE OF ENGLAND By GAILEN O'CONNELL The earliest inhabitants of England or Great Britain lived long before history was written. But men who have taken up the subject of English history have discovered scattered over the island small hills or burrow which resemble our Indnin mounds. In these barrows have been found bodies of men and unimal? and tools of stone and bronze. These tools have been carefully examined and they prove that the people were of two groups. Those with long, narrow heads and those with Mhort, round head . Of the two, the long, narrow-headed people were the oldest but more uncivilized or more primitive. These people lived in cave and ate the flesh of different animals and seemed to he very much like the Eskimo of today. It is not known exactly who these longheaded people were, hut historians tell us that they came from northern Spain or Iberin. The people with the round heads came at a later date und were larger, stronger and had fewer barbaric way . This is known by the fact that bronze tools were used by them. Theae tool were made of copper and tin. Bronze is a mixture of these two metal and is usually n reddish color. I think at that time it must have taken special ability to make these tool . The e people wove woolen cloth nnd were godo hands at making earthen pot . They were called Celt or Kelts. We know thut men of Celtic blood lived in England before history was written. Many of these people still live in different sections of Europe. The tribes known a Goidcls or Britons were the first that came to England. The Goidels passed over into Ireland where the Western Irish aro probably their descendant . The Welsh nre also of Celtic origin. The early inhabitants of the island became known to the rest of the world through the Roman who conquered them The Roman? in their books tell of their habit und home life of the Briton . The Briton were a tall and well-formed race. Their dres wo the skin of different animal nnd also woven cloth. They were brave warrior und uxuully fought from chariot drawn my horees. Whenever they went to war, they decorated and painted their faces and bodies like our American Indian did. The Roman found that the Britons wore not entirely civilized und taught them to make road and many other thing a well. Their religion was called Druidism and their priest , Druids. They worshipped in the open under oak trees where they offered human sacrifice to their God . If you were to visit England, you might see several huge stone structures. one of which h called Stonehenge on the Plains of Salisbury. This is supposed to have been built by the Druid . Early visitor to early England or Britain were more civilized than the Briton who were really barbaric. It is said that even the Greek and Phoenecians had visited the island. The Roman xay thi was true because they found Greek and Phocnccian customs nnd tools there. The first Roman invasion of Britain took place fifty-five year before the birth of Christ. Thi invasion is of importance because it made the island known to the Romans. Julius Caesar was at the head of this invasion. Later they came nnd captured Britain and made it a province of I'age thirty-one THE TATTLER the Roman Empire. At first the Romans were able to subdue the Britons, but a brave woman chieftan named Boudicn led a rebellion and seemed about to succeed, but she was imprisoned and the Romans V-pt England. The Romans wont on and captured the island as far north a:i the border of Scotland then controlled by the Piets and Scots. Walls were built to keep these fierce people out. Then the Vikings came and nttneked the Roman sentries and the Komuns built some of their great roads and were able to send their men from place to place quite easily. During this period. Christianity was introduced into Britain by the Romans, and, in this way. the Britons became Christians. But Roman power began to decline and in the year 410 A. D Rome was taken by the Goths, northern European barbarians. Thnt same year the Romnn sentries were withdrawn from Britain, and the Britons were not quite strong enough to defend themselves from the Piets and Scots and other invaders of the island. Next the Jutes, a Teutonic tribe, came. These people landed about 440 on the shore of the Thames and settled in southeastern Britain— Cantium. so called by the Romans, but Kent by the Jutes. They called themselves Kcntsmcn, and the English people who first settled in America were direct descendants of this people. The Saxons invaded the land at a later date, and they were another branch of the Teutonic race. They settled in different sections of the island which still bear the names of Sussex. Wessex. Essex, and Middlesex. They arc said to have fought against King Arthur and his knights. Then the Angles or English came, and it is believed that the Island was named after them for the land was known as Angle-land and later England. The early Britons had dark hair while the Teutonic people had lighter hair and were hand-omcr. We should not forget that the early Teutons were not only uncivilized, but believed in sacrificing animals to their gods. The Christian religion gradually disappeared after the Romans left the island, for the invaders worshipped various gods, the chief of which was Wodin. Thor was another, and he was their god of war. The name Wednesday is derived from Wodin's day, and Thor's day became Thursday. The early rulers of the island were sup- posed to have been descended from Wodin, and thnt was why they thought it proper to name one day after him. The conquerors kept up their Teutonic custom by dividing the land among themselves for farming purposes. The farmers lived in villages os they hud on the Continent. They chose a louder to act for them. After Christianity was introduced into England again in the seventh century, the town board took charge of religious affairs under the name of parish. After the Teutons, came the Vikings or us we know them today, Dunes. They Inndcd in 827. They came in boats with turned up prow. and sterns, each having the head of u dragon or some other sacred animal. These boats were rowed by at least fifty men whose shields hung over the side so that the men could escape by swimming under them. These people were bold sea-rovers and it is believed that they reached America on their daring cruises. They landed in Ireland first. Christianity had made great headway there. The people fell before the great rush of the Vikings or Danes who went right on to England killing and plundering as they went. In King Alfred they met their cquul, and he defeated them after many hard battles. Alfred forced them to become civilized and accept Christianity. Then the Normans came and conqurered England. Under the leadership of William the Conqueror, they defeated Harold, a cousin of William. ut the Great Battle of Hastings in 1086. These people came from Normandy, then a part of France. They had come from Norway and settled in France at an curlier dote. The Normans introduced the Feudal System which was a sort of a military plan to help the king, but it kept England in a very unsatisfactory condition, especially the people of the lower classes. The Feudal System was destroyed during the Wars of the Roses which took place in the latter part of the fifteenth century. Today English-speaking people are found in every quarter of the globe, and they actually control one-fourth of the world. The few early Britons have grown from a tiny group on a small island to millions in the largest empire in the world. 1 think this proves that one never knows what will result from a small beginning. Page thirty-two 1331 THE TATTLER Organizations The Phoenix Literary Society Boy Scout of America The Phoenix Green Literary Society held its first meeting in the Assembly Hall on the evening of September ninth nt n little after seven. W« elected officers and decided to have weekly meetings on Saturday nights. Mr. Rood was our leader and main advisor with Mr. Boyce William as his assistant. The boys have shown much interest in the society, and in this way everyone has helped to make it u real success throughout the year. At each meeting we have had biographies, current events, and dialogues, and sometimes debates have been held. Our officers were Edward Austin as president, Leroy Einbarger as vice-president, Robert Schneider as Secretary, and Aldcn Ravn as treasurer. The Literary Society has been a part of the program of the Wisconsin School for the Deaf for many years, and it is a grout help to the pupils for they become better acquainted with the outside world and loam many other things that are not taught in the school rooms. The Ariadna Literary Society The Ariadna Literary Society received its name from Ariadna Chescbro, the first deaf girl to be educated at the Wisconsin School for the Deaf. There are forty girls from the sixth to twelfth grades who ore members of the society. We have two guardians or advisors,Miss Ida Hanson and Miss Leona Austin. The members elected the following officers: President............................ Hortha Zola Vice President.....................Adeline Malm Secretary ......................... Phoebe Hughes Treasurer ........................ Lucille Kosxuk Meetings were held every other Saturday night in the girls’ large study room. The programs have consisted of current event topics, biographies, debates, jokes, dialogues, and playlet . The guardians criticise the meeting. Joint meetings with the Phoenix Literary Society are held four times a year in the Assembly Hall. To this meeting some teachers and friends are invited to see our programs which are sometimes dramatics or sometimes interesting talks. Recently two different classes planned the program without help from the guardians. No more meetings of the Literary Society will be held later than May 30th. The picnic will be at I-ake Como not very far from the campus. Boy S out Troop, Number 33 consists of thirty-two member . The troop is divided into four patrols of eight boys, each. Th« patrols are the Flying Eagle, Tiger, Fox, and Pine patrols. Each patrol has a leader who is in charge of the hoys in his group. From the beginning of September till after Christina there had k'en no regular meetings. One special meeting, that might be mentioned, was the one in which the boys decided to draw out money to buy fruit, candy and clothes for the boys who -tayed hero Christma and whose mothers and fathers were too poor to buy their children these things. After the exams the boys decided they would meet every Sunday morning, and from then on, the Boy Scouts mot in the Assembly Hall every Sunday morning. The Boy Scout had their first regular meeting Sunday morning, February 11th, in the Assembly Hall, nt ten-twenty. Here, new officers were elected. They were as follows: Senior Patrol Leader, Robert Schneider, Scout Sribe, Harry Lewis, Treasurer, Omar Schmidt and Quartermaster. Milton Krueger. During the five monthii that they have been meeting few events are worth mentioning. The first was a Basket Ball Tourney among the four troops the first part of March. The Tiger Patrol won. Next came a Volley Ball Tourney which the Flying Eagle Patrol won. A track meet in the middle of May was another event, but instead of patrol compe’ing with patrol. there was individual competition. The Get-Together Club Since the Camp Fire Organization is no more, the older girls have formed a club which they have called “The Get-Togther Club.” It has the usual officers, a president, vice-president, .‘ccro-tary, and treasurer. Adeline Malm is president, Lorraine Szahlcwski. vice-president, Lucille Ros-zak, secretary, and Leona Luepke, treasurer. In all. there are twelve members. Several parties have been given. Euch girl ’’chipped in” to buy the refreshments. Once we had a “pot luck” sapper, and we have had many good times. Our goal is peace, and preparedness is the road to it.—Thomas Edison Page thirty-four THE TATTLER ■ -- Activities The Chriilmni Program Christmas The above picture gives the entire cast of the Christmas program put on in our chapel at the Wisconsin School for the Deaf. Saturday evening, December sixteenth. The program was presented in three parts: The First Christmas; A Medieval Pantomime. The Juggler of Notre Dame and The Night before Christmas. Miss 1 eat-rice Richardson, instructor in Physical Education. had charge of the training of the students, and the program was a credit to the instructor and school. We have had many requests to have the program repented sometime during the year Valentine Party A valen'ine party for the older children was held in Assembly Hall, Wednesday evening. February 14th from eight o'clock till nine-thirty. Walter Reuter and Leona Luepke were members of the party committee. The large valentine boxes were opened early in the evening and the valontines distributed by several messengers. Everyone was generously remembered and the evening was thoroughly enjoyed by all. Wisconsin wins Tenth Annual Central Sta'es' Tournament February 23 and 24 the Tenth Annual Taakat Rail Tournament of Central State School i for the Deaf took place here for the first time in the history of the tournament association. The Illinois. Indiana. Minnesota and Missouri teams came to take part in it. Wisconsin was victorious in all its games. Illinois and Missouri tied for cond place in games won. but the point system went Illinois’ way. Indiana won fourth place and Minnesota the last. Wisconsin stood out ms the best team os no other team in tournament history has done. In both offense and defensive she was for ahead of the rest. Harvey Roldt of La Crosse was awarded the player trophy, and thus finished his interscholastic competition in a blaze of glory- Willard Sharer of Riley was high scorer of the meet. Roth these Wisconsin men were outstanding at their positions of center and forward respectively. The games were well attended in spite of the zero weather that prevailed. The Delavan paper gave the meet splendid publicity and many of the stores displayed poster welcoming the visitors. The local automobile dealers took the five teams on a parade through the town Saturday noon. That evening the meet closed with an informal dance after the trophies had been awarded. Gym Exhibition and Style Show The annual exhibition of the Physical Education Department of the Wisconsin School for the Deaf and the Style Show of the Home Economics Department were hold on the evenings of April 6th and 7th before Inrge appreciative audiences. All of the two hundred thirty children in the school took purt in some event. The kindergarten children put on several numbers which were very interesting. Different sketches by older grades followed. The boys mrdr u splendid appearance with their muscular exercises. Music was furnished by an orchestra from the State School for the Blind throughout the program each evening. Miss Jean Utley played the piano for the demonstration of rhythm. Miss Beatrice Richardson and Mr. Duncan Cameron were in charge of the program each evening. The Style Show The annual style show was held as part of the spring program on April 6th and 7th. Mrs. Mildred Hurdis of the Home Economics Depart- Page thirty-five . 19 3 4 THE TATTLER ment and Mrs. Geneva Llewellyn of the Art Department were in charge of this part of the program. This year there was a Kiddie Parade featuring play clothes, dresses with hand work, beach togs, and night clothes. All of these article of clothing were made by the older girls. The older girls then had their Style Show. Qotton was the most cloth featured. Street clothes, port- wear, dresses for school and home, afternoon dresses, party frocks and sleeping garments were modeled. The white organdy graduation dresses worn by the four seniors were especially beautiful. Judges for the Style Show were Mia Marlene Parish, Miss Nellie Passage, and Miss Merle White, Art Instructor at the Delavun Public School. Prizes were awnrded as follows: first to Adeline Malm for her excellent work and modeling, second to Lucille Koszak for her handwork and modeling, third to Dorothy Fischer for her modeling, fourth to Lorraine Szablewski for excellent work in tie-dying, and fifth to Marcella Hauser for her handwork and modeling. The Prom The annual Junior Prom of the Wisconsin School for the Deaf was held on the evening of May fifth in the Assembly Hall from eight to twelve o'clock. The hall was decorated very attractively with Japanese lanterns, parasols, and wall hangings. A lurge monogram in blue and silver, the work of Lawrence LaFave, was placed on the main stage which had a curtain of blue crepe pnper for it background. The lights were covered wdth wire frames from which hung streamer of pastel colored tissue paper. The rostrum, which held comfortable seat for the faculty members, was very attractive with floor lamps placed here and there. The students were gayly attired, and formal being worn by the girls. The boys from the School for the Blind at Janesville furnished music throughout the evening. Pearl Helminiak, the supervisor of our mending room, attractively dressed in a Japanese costume, served punch. During the intermission, refreshments of ice-cream and cake were served. Much credit it due to the student-faculty committee consisting of Mr. Moore as chairman. Miss Mary Williams. Mrs. Lawrence, Mis Bossi, Miss Utley and the member of the Junior Class. The party was indeed a success in every way. 19 3 4 Tage thirty-six Htblctics I ? f ! 1 I ! THE TATTLER Football of 1933 The football season for the year opened September 9th, 1983. Last year’s regulars who returned were Boldt, Hoffman, Kinberger. Reuter. Schmidt, Barash, Peinlcin, and Panelln. Reserves available were Sharer, Pica, DIChiara. and Ln-Fuve. (leorge Hoffman was chosen captain. Football Sept. 30 W. S. D. 0 Oct. 7 W. S. D. 13 Oct. 14 W. s. D. 2 Oct. 21 W. s. D. 13 Nov. 5 W. s. D. 0 After a game between St. Catherine’s and our team, Pan ell returned to Lincoln High School in Milwaukee. W won two games, lost two, and tied one. It would be difficult to name the slurs a all played exceptionally well. Scores St. Catherine 7 Here Woodstock H. S. 6 There Illinois School 7 Here (Homecoming Game) St. Thomas H. S. f There Michigan School 0 There 19 3 4 Page thirty-eight THE TATTLER Basketball of 1933-34 U. S. Champion De«f Team Standing Loft to Right Hurold Nelson Otnnr Schmidt Coach Neesam Lawrence l.n Knve Harold Weinpold Seated Alvin Doinlein Leroy Einbcrger Harvey Boldt George Hoffman Willard Sharer Basketball proved U� be real entertaining this winter. The team played very well due to the splendid work of Couch Nee.sum. Einbcrger. HofTmun, and Boldt wore co-cnptuins of the W. S. I), team. The most exciting event in the basketball season was the Central States Basket Bull Tournament that took place in Delavun for the first time in tournament history. Wisconsin won the championship from the visiting teams by four straight winning games. Harvey Boldt of La Crosse and Willard Sharer of Riley starred for Wisconsin. During the season we won thirteen games and lost eight. BASKETBALL SCORES w. s, D. 20 Elkhorn H. S. 14 w. s. 1). 10 Fort Atkinson 11 w. s. 1). 28 Whitewater 20 w s. D. 38 Woodstock H. S. 17 w. s. I). it Harvard H. S. 23 w. 1). 30 Fort Atkinson 19 w. s. I . 22 Whitewater 19 w. s. I). 22 Beloit Voc. 20 w. s. D. 12 Edge wood 18 w. s. 1). 20 Milton College 22 w. s. D. 26 Woodstock H. S. 28 W. S. I). 15 Rccdsburg 25 W. 1). 27 Harvard H. S. 25 W. S. n. 28 St Mary H. S. 17 w. s. I . 14 Edgowood H. S. 19 W. S. D. 27 Beloit Voc. 16 W. S I). 19 Milton College 22 W. S. I). 44 Illinois S.D. 19 W. S. D. 31 Minnestoa S. D. 9 W. S. D. 29 Indiana S. 1). 24 W. S. D. 37 Missouri S. D. 19 Page thirty-nine THE TATTLER Baseball of 1934 Baseball practice started about the first of April. Coach Neesam is greatly disappointed because we can’t piny real baseball on our new field for it has just been seeded. So the coach established an indoor baseball league instead of a hard baseball league. Our league consists of three teams. Each team has a captain, two pitchers, two catchers, and three subs. The three teams are Appleton under Cnptnin George Hoffman, La Crosse under Harvey Boldt, and Manito- woc under Ia� roy Kinberger. Every week we play four games. Manitowoc is lending at this time, the middle of May. Besides baseball we have track, horseshoe pitching, volley bnll tennis and hiking. The boys are very much interested in baseball. We follow up baseball in the big leagues and like to hear about the fine hits outstanding pitching, outfielding, and infielding. All of us boys wish that we could see a big league game sometime the coming summer. THE TATTLER F. J. Neesam Award To George Hoffman has been awarded Iho Frederick James Neesam sportsmanship trophy for 1934. His name has been engraved on the 1934 panel. We believe the honor well deserved. In football he was the most consistent ground guincr and the best defensive player we had. In basket ball he did not break much in the ■'coring column. His assignment was a defensive one. and consequently his play was not so outstanding to the spectators us that of the forwards, center and running guard. The way in which he submerged self for the best interests of the team speaks for his sportsmanship. His defensive play was of such a high calibre and his stamniu so great that he wa the only player who was not taken from the game during the whole season. The star forward on the opponents team was always assigned to him and he bottled up all of them with on exception—Lcukins of Keedsburg. nil state forward and high scorer in the State Tournament, who uses one-hand overhead shots that could not be guarded without fouling. We congratulate George on getting his name on the trophy. Page forty-one 19 3 4 Swimming THE TATTLER Swimming is required of ail girls above the kindergarten. A knowledge of the fundamental strokes und ability to swim n fair distance are the primary aims. At the present writing ninty-two per cent of the girls in school have completed the elementary swimming teats. In addition to regular class work there is an advanced class in strokes and diving for those who have reached proficiency in elementary work. One hour a week is given to required swimming, and there 16 an “open” period once a week when any girl wishing to come may practice whatever she chooses. The little girls are some of the most eager participants in the open-hour swimming. The best swimmers received honors at the Exhibition, Friday afternoon, May eleventh. Page forty-two 19 3 4 THE TATTLER MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION OF A CONFIDENTIAL NATURE Edward Lorraine Aldan Leona Distinguishing Characteristic Eyelashes Smile Brains Height? Favorite Amusement Necking Chewing gum Sprawling Housekeeping Favorite Occupation Mechanic Signing Poems Listening to Music Wearing out the looking glass Personal Adornment Jewelery Closely fitting dresses Fancy ties and sox Silk dresses Whom You Most Admire Whom do you think? Others His Ideal Alden Ambition To become President of the United States Superintendent of an Orphan’s Home To own a Rolls Royce To be a cook Favorite Expression Well! Think so? Yeah” Do you think that's nice?” CLASS WILL AND TESTAMENT We. the class of 1934, being: of unsound mind and uncertain intellect, do hereby make and declare this, our last will and testament; and annuli all former wills and testaments by us made. Edward Auatin wills: 1. To Alvin Deinlein his ambition in printing. 2. To William Mueller his energy in school. Walter Reuter wills: 1. To I iwrence LaFave his success in algebru. 2. To Leslie Anderson his skill in etching. LaRoy Einberger willa: 1. To Harry Lewis his knowledge of tackling. 2. To Harold Crowell his success in linotyping. Aldea Rava wills: 1. To LaJune Dufenhurst his height. 2. To Kathryn Jackson his success in arithmetic. Lucille Roaaak willa: 1. To Hertha Zola her beautiful handwriting. 2. To Omar Schmidt her happiness. Gailen O'Connell willa: 1. To Robert Schneider his talent for playing the harmonica. 2. To Leslie Anderson his talent for playing carroma. Adeline Malm willa: 1. To Eva Hermann her ambition in sewing. 2. To Pearl Goff her graceful walk. Lorraine Saablewaki willa: 1. To Alice Fischer her pretty signs. 2. To Harvey Boldt her shyness. Leona Luepke wills: 1. To Pauline Long her slender form. 2. To Abraham Barash her humility. Atteat: 1, Edward Austin, do hereunto affix my hand this tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord nineeteen hundred thirty-four, at the Wisconsin State School for the Deaf in the city of Del-avan, Wisconsin. Page forty-four THE TATTLER MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION OF A CONFIDENTIAL NATURE Gailen LeRoy Adeline Walter Lucille Stature Hair Walk Eye brows Eyes Walking in the park Flirting Sewing Teasing Lucille Smiling Music Linotyping Studying Truck driving Cooking Wavy hair Perfumery Earrings and gold teeth New clothes High heeled pumps Wouldn't you like to know Movie Stars Him? Who cares? Guess? To become a boxer To become ruler of Germany Tt teach dress designing To become a wrestler To grow thin Says you Too bad V My goodness! Watch You see why Grinds We Never See The One Without The Other Lorraine and Eddie Aldcn and his height Leona and her winning ways LoRoy and his linotype Walter and Lucille Adeline and Leslie Gailen and his mouth organ George and his puppy love Esther and her lectures Phoebe and her dignity Hertha and her scowl Carmcllo and his uncle, Ambrose Lawrence and his magazines Robert and his thoughts of being a bachelor Alice and her hatred for John Harriet and her platinum hair Harry and his eats Omar and his sober look John and his red face Verna and her piano Kathryn and her admiration for Mr. Gant William and his candy Pauline and her books LaJune and her pretty smile Marcella and her wild ways Alvin and his hair tonic Vinona and her sticktoitivcncss Pearl and her boyish walk Eva and her giggles Barash and his black hair Harvey and his medals Harold and his history Genevieve and her freckles Gladys and her waves Page forty-five THE TATTLER Class Prophecy One Saturday afternoon in the summer of 1944 when 1 was motoring: past the Madison Orphango. I stopped to see the children. In the garden a young lady with n white uniform and cap was seen standing in the midst of many children. She must have been telling them an into, esting story for they oil seemed to be hanging on her words. To my surprise I saw it was Adeline Malm. I never dreamed that she would be the matron of an orphanage. Then I went on to the next town where 1 Hopped at the post office to buy some stamps, and there 1 saw Leona Luepkc at work, typing away for dear life. When night camo, I stopped at a town near Wisconsin I)ells and sought a room. The next morning I went to an early church service, and as 1 was leaving, a hand touched my shoulder and 1 turned around quickly. Who do you think it was? 1 was very glad to sec my old classmate, Lucille Roxxak. She invited me to spend the day with her. 1 learned thut she was a grammar teacher in Bipspring. The next day 1 continued my journey and stopped nt a small farm house to ask for some water for my car. I saw a rather, short, deeply-tanned farmer with sparkling white teeth coming toward me. Of course, 1 reconized Walter Reuter. 1 had little time to chat with him as I was anxious to go on. As I neared the next city, I saw posters advrr-sising the famous Ilamum Pros. Circus, which vns then showing, so 1 took that chance to ree it The mnster of the circus came out shouting that we could see the tallest and shortest men in the world. In came Gailen O'Connell, the tallest man, while Alden Ravn, as the smallest, was riding on the shoulders of Mr. O’Connell. After the program. I was anxious to meet these two famous men. who had been my classmates at the Wisconsin School for the Deaf at Delavnn. As I was driving through the country and going down a long hill. I saw an artist with u black tarn on the side of his head sitting near the road painting the scene before him. I stopped to see what he was doing. He turned around, and to my surprise he was Edward Austin. I happened to drive up to Lake Superior just as a canoe race waa about to start. Who do you think the winner was? It was LcRoy Einbergcr. Of course I had a long chat with him, as he held a silver cup in his hand and smiled at it. At last I arrived home very tired, but I was glad to know that each of my classmate was doing very well. I felt glad that they had kept their motto. “Soar not too high to fall, stoop to rise.” As for ine, 1 am just the manager of the Spearmint Factory. —Lorraine Szablewski Calendar Of Our Last Year September fi—School opened. 7—Classes began. Mr. Boyce Will- ready for First Semester examinations. iams. Miss Kugtitsch, and Miss Utley arc the new teachers added to the faculty. February 23-24—Much excitement over the Central States Tournament which was held here for the first time in October 13—Reception for Illinois visitors. history. 14—Homecoming game with Illinois. 28—Hallowe’en party. March 29—Walter Reuter, one of the seniors, was sent out in the hall. November 2. 3—W. T. A. Convention in Milwaukee. All of us substituted for those teachers who went. 11—Four of the seniors attended the World’s Fair with Mr. Bray and Miss Glcnore Williams. 23—A banquet was served to tho football players by the members of the Advanced Cookery Class. May 4— The Junior girls gave a party in honor of the Senior girls. 5— The Junior Prom. 16-17-18—College Examinations. 26— We senior girls were invited to dinner at the home of Mrs Floyd Hurdis, our Domestic Science teacher. 27— Senior Banquet December 14—Edward Austin, president of our class, was sent out in the hall. 22—Christmas vacation began. All 29— Circus Day. • 30— Decoration Day and Athletic Day. of us went home to spend a week with our parent . June 2— Senior Picnic. 3— Baccalaureate Service. January There waa no excitement as everyone was as busy jus a bee getting 7— Commencement Program. 8- 9—Home-going Day . 1934 Page forty-six THE TATTLER Jokes Mis Matteaon: Your spelling is atrocious. Why don't you look up words in the dictionary? Edward: 1 can't spoil well enough to find thorn. Miat Matteaon: What does a Ininp need in order to give off light? Adelina: A tongue that holds kerosene. Lucille say that sage hens have loaves. Mra. Crosby: Leroy, what is one half of one-tenth? Leroy: 1 don't know hut it can’t i e much. Teacher: Alden, name a bird, other than an ostrich, that doesn't fly. Aldan: The jailbird. Walter: I have twelve months to live. Edward: Didn't the doctor give you just a month? Walter: Yes, but I went to twelve doctors. Mr. Cant: What is the feminine for monk? Alden: Ape. Miaa Matteaon: (After finishing “Black Beauty ) Have you learned anything from this book? Lucille: Yes, 1 learned how to dress a horse. Miaa Matteaon: Lorraine, can you tell me the meaning of transparent? Lorraine: Something you can see through. Miaa Matteaon: Well, can you give me an example? Lorraine: A doughnut. Caller: Who's the responsible man here? Alden: If you mean the fellow that always gets the blame, it’s me. Lucille: (Buying a fur coat) Can I wear it in the rain without hurting it? Saleaman: Madam, did you ever see a squirrel carry nn unmbrelln? Miaa Mary: Leona, where do the jellyfish get their jelly? Leona: From the ocean currents, I guess. Mr. Gant: Gailcn. what is the difference be- tween a polar expedition in the Artie and one in the Antarctic? Cailen: Oh. my— a world of difference! Alden Ruvn was bringing groceries to Mr. Bray and had encountered a huge dog in the yard. “Come in,” said Mr. Bray, he doesn't bite.” Alden still hung back. Does he swallow?” he asked. Teacher: Leroy, why do wc coll English our mother tongue? Leroy: Because father does not get much time to use iL Customer: “Two threc-minutc eggs, please, waiters.” Waiter: “Have them for you in a second, sir.” F.ddy: What does politics mean? Alden: Something that is lawabiding Eddy: Give an example. Alden: Well, Inst night as Polly was near the table she swallowed a clock and now “polly-ticks.” Adeline: Who is the unluckicst man in the world ? LeRoy: A seasick mnn with n locked Jaw. Lucille: How can you throw an egg over the house without breaking it? Welter: Throw the chicken and all. Needed « Reducer Aunt Hetty: “Sakes alive. I didn’t believe no woman could ever have been so fat. Uncle Hetty: What this paper tells about is an English woman that lost 2,000 pounds! There is one consolation for most of u?—wc don't have to worry about our names being published in the list of gold hoarders. Aka! First Boy: “Your father would be stingy—n shoemaker, and making you wear those old booLs!” Second Boy: “He's nothin' to what your father is—a dentist, and your baby only got one tooth.” 19 3 4 Tage forty-seven Hutographe