Wisconsin School for the Deaf - Tattler Yearbook (Delavan, WI)

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mous University Press which Is one of the Inrgext book-making companies in America. The first press was just a woollen frame for holding the form in which the type was placed. It looked much like u cider pre.v . After the face of the typo had been carefully covered with ink the form was shoved under the screw which was worked down by a lever. When the -crew was worked down, it pressed the paper evenly upon the type. The screw was then raised, the paper taken off, and in this way a copy was printed. In putting ink on the typo, they had no brayer like wc have now. They used a hall made of leather and wool covered the outside. It was rolled in ink and was then rolled over the type. Work with u press like this was very hard because only a few copies were printed a day. It was very slow work. Tho firvt American press, invented by Richard Hoe of New York, in 1840, is thought to be the first successful press in America. This press, with some new improvements that have been added from time to time, i» tho kind of newspaper pres. used now. At first these presses were with two, four or eight cylinders. In 1860 on eight-cylinder press was made for the New York Sun which printed 10,000 sheets an hour on one side. Before this time, stereotype plate which printed on both sides had beon conaidcrod good for newspaper work on account of the time that was saved. Stereotype plates for this pres ore cast in mold which are in the form of a half-cylinder so they can bo easily clamped on tho cylinders in the press. Folding and counting machines were later invented to fasten to the prex . The speed with which the daily papers are printed on these presses is almost more than we can believe. A new press made for the New York World can print, fold, cut and count 90,000 eight-page paper an hour or 16,000 u minute. The paper runs through the machine ut the rale of thirty-two and a half mile per hour. The t r»t book printed in America was from tho press in Mexico and was called A Spiritual Ladder to Ascend to Heaven. The old press at Cambridge is of great historic interest. The first issue from this press was the Free Man’ Oath. The most famous work of the pres was the first edition of John Flint's Indian bible, This took three year to make. There are only two or three copies of it now and these are valued at nearly S'J.000 u copy because they are so old. From these small beginning printing in the United States ha grown to a large also and now it is one of the most important industries of this country. It employ thousand of men. Many million of dollar are spent every year on printing material, paper, and other supplies that printer need. Those who know very little about printing and the operation of the presses would be very interested if they would visit some of the printing office . The work i very interesting and I am sure that any of you would then wish you were u printer. I intend to make it my life work. I have worked at printing for two years and still find it Interesting, especially the composing part of the job. •OQO 00°’ ONE YEAR AT THE W. S. I). AND WHAT IT HAS DONE FOR ME By Loretta Oryall My home 1s in a small town in Onoidn county. Tho name of the town I Monieo. I have lived there ever since I lost part of my hearing, which wan at two years of age. I live on a farm, n very small one. which would hardly be called a farm by some people. My health was very poor during the first years of my life, but now it i of the best. No matter what happened. I nlwuys attended school. If then was a rain storm. I could wear a raincoat. If there was a »m»w storm, 1 could ■kl. When 1 was five year old. I started in the first grade, and 1 have kept on in school, never missing or failing a year since. For the first eight years I went to n small rural choo! about one-half mile from home. That school had about twenty pupil . I left the eighth grade and that school In the spring of nineteen twenty-nine. Shortly after school wo out, the Oneida county nurse. Mis Florence Hoesly, called on my parents and asked them to allow me to attend this school for my high-tchool course. My father decided that he wanted me to stay home one year and take the freshman year in the Monieo State Graded School, three and one-half milea from home. Then I could decide where I wanted to go for the last three years. I had my choice between three schools; this school, the Antigo Day School for the Deaf, or the Rhinelander Public High School. 1 found out all 1 could about all three schools while I was at home. I visited in Rhinelander, and rend all 1 could about this school and the one in Antigo. At first, I had an idea I would like Rhinelander, because my sister would he with me there for about one year. But

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A HISTORY OF PRINTING By Farris Kioncler Printing means the making of letter . character or figure on paper, cloth, clay or stone. It is one of the most important industries in the world. All printing was first done by hand. In the earliest times, the Egyptians used to do their printing by engraving chnrncler and symbols on soft tiles or on bricks. These were then hardened by baking. If they wished to keep a record or n picture of a person, they drew figures on blocks of clay. The Chinese are known to have printed from engraved blocks at least fifty years before Christian times but they still use this same method now. A long time ago, the Romans used engraved stones and metal for stamping signatures and money. They were a very intelligent people but they were afraid to use printing because they thought it might cause the people to rebel a-guinst their government. Several hundreds of years passed between the beginning of Chinese printing, or the use of Roman stamps, and printing with movable typo as we know it to-day. Dugold Stewart, an English writer, said that printing should be thought of as slow improvement instead of being the result of one single invention. When we see printing growing better, and when we think of how slowly it began, and how long it took printing to Improve, we think Mr. Stowurt knew what he was talking about. Engraving upon wood was the first way of printing in Europe. Blocks were engraved for printing playing cards ns cnrly as the fourteenth century. The “Poor Man's Bible was printed in n way like this. This held about forty leaven printed from many different blocks. So wc can see that it took a great amount of work. Printing with movable type was invented by Johannes Gutenberg of Germany and I auren» Coster of Holland between 1420 ami 1440. We don't know for sure which of these two inventors was tint, but the discovery l» usually given to Gutenberg. Gutenberg was the first one to cut type from metal nnd Inter he made mntrico and molds from which the types were token. Gutenberg formed n pnrtencrship with Faust, • jeweler. The first book which Gutenberg printed was a copy of the Latin translation of the Old Testament. People call thin book the Masc-arin Bible because many years afterwards a copy of it was found in the librury of Cardinal Masarin in Paris. Gutenberg was born about the yonr 1400, at Moinx, a German city on the Rhine, near Frankfort. His parents were once rich people who took a leading part in the affairs of that city. We do not know much ahout Gutenberg's hoy-hood days, but when he was a hoy. he was vory ambitious and would try anything once. The trades at that time were run by guilds which were like clubs. Gutenberg learned two trades instead of one. The first trade he learned was that of polishing stones and mirrors. This took him from five to seven years to learn and he received no wages during that time. Reside that, ho had to pay o certain amount of money for his teaching. The other trade was that of mnking wood type. It would seem rather easy to do this, but he was forced, although he didn't wish, to give up trying to make moveable type from wood. He seemed to be on the right rood to success when he came to print from lead type, hut he found that it took much more pressure than wooden blocks. This caused a great deal of trouble. The trying to find a metal to make type from took weeks and months. We have never found a better way of making metal for type. The metal is called type-metal nnd was one of the great discoveries of Gutenberg. The Linotype was invented by Ottmnr Mer-genthnlcr. of Baltimore. It is a wonderful machine. It has a keyboard with ninety keys upon which letters nnd characters arc designated like that of a typewriter. By touching a key. the mat-ricc, into which thr letter or character h indented. is caused to drop into line by a revolving cam roller. When the operator ha.- set all the letters and characters the line will hold, it in transferred to the casting part of the machine. There it is properly spaced or justified by means of spacebnnds. The mold Is then filled with metal and a solid lino of type is made. The matrices nro distributed to their proper place above the machine called the maguxinc. The type thut hu -been set is moved to a small galley where o proof of it is taken for the proof-reader. The type in then passed to the make-up man who make- it ready for the presses. The slugs cast by this machine are not distributed but are thrown into a melting jwit to be remelted. The melted lend in the melting pot used over again after it bin been cleaned nnd cast, into nmull blocks called pigs. The average speed on tho machine is around 4,500 urns an hour, but an expert operator can net 7,600 or more t?ui per hour. The cost of a machine is from $3,500 up. Tho first printing press in America was set up in the city of Mexico in 1500 and the first printing pres In the United States was placed in Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass., in 1030. This mny bo considered the beginning of the fa-

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in the end, I derided I would attend the WUeon-ain School for the Deaf. To strengthen thin decision, Miss Ivn Saundem came to Monico and tested my ear . I found I could not hear a» well aa I thought I could, About nino o’clock, the morning of September eighth, I said good-bye to my four sister and two brothers, and wont to Monico to meet Miss Hoesly. She waa to take me to Deluvnn in her car. Two boys from Rhinelander came, too. It was a pleasant Journey, and after supper Just as the sun was setting, the boys began to get excited. because we were coming up the hill in front of the grounds. Both boys pointed and said, “School,” so plainly that I understood them. They seemed overjoyed to get here again. 1 looked in the direction In which they pointed. This was my first glimpse of the place where I had decided I would finish high school. I could see large stretches of well.kept green lawn, beautiful trees, and vine-covered grey buildings with shrubs and flower-bordered walks going in all directions. The first time I saw them, I loved the trees, and especially the pine . Everything seemed so pretty to me that night. I found it hnrd to believe that I was really here in the place 1 bad been so anxious to be for many months. I had really wanted to come for several reasons, namely, because I wanted to see the different places, because 1 wanted to know-people like myself, and because I liked the description by Mis Saunders and MIm Hoesly. Somehow, I had expected to find •••mething of tho public school idea of breaking as many rules as you can get away with. I expected, because of stories I have read of institution lifr, that the supervisors would be vcritible jailers. I hardly knew what sort of schoolmates I would meet. I expected them to be a llttlr different from my public school friend , but not much. I knew how the dormitories and buildings would look from the pictures I had seen, and I had a fair idea of the methods of teaching. I didn't, however, expect so much patience and companionship on the part of the teachers. What I did find made it necessary for me to rebuild my ideas. Here, apparently they believed that laws and rules were made to keep. That wasn’t my idea then, Everyone here strives to keep the rules, and to help the other fellow-keep them. As for the supervisors, they kept order, but they were not the hard-hearted Jailers I had expected. You can go to them with your troubles and instead of having thorn send you away he cause they don’t want to he bothered, they go out of their way to help you. One of my greatest surprises came when I began to know the thoughts and Ideas in the minds of the pupils around me. It looked as if they wanted to do everything that the super- visors wanted and expected them to. I found that in most respects they were vastly different from my old acquaintances, and that there was about a» much likeness as I hod expected difference. Tho teachers do not pick out a certain few for the favorite . All pupil are all on the same footing, and the relationship i» not one of rivalry. hut of brotherhood and sisterhood. I also found that the method of teaching is more thorough than in public schools. Every small detail is looked after. Everything is thoroughly done. The working equipment ts as up-to-date as thnt of any public school. Every morning we enter the school building for five hours of striving to attain knowledge. It really Isn’t such a strife because we are only usked to do our best. The teacher is always willing to help us with the things which we do not understand. One thing I am sure; that the hours spent here heli almost every deaf child to do and that is to overcome an inferiority complex. I found out thut most of the girls, at least, had them before they came here. But now this feeling has disappeared. Through the methods of teaching and the encouragement given by the teachers, the students manage to get rid of them, and fortunately »n, for if they keep them and let them grow, they nr« sure to mar any student’s personality. Often girls and hoy do not gel the right kind of training at home. They do not learn how to cook and sew and do the thing any girl or boy-should know. Here, at this school, they get some of the best training which is possible in these lines. The girls have a model kitchen where they learn how to serve meals. They also learn how to make good and useful clothing, and how to manage a household. In the carpentry shops, the printing office and the shoeshop, the boy get like training In the lines which interest them. The girls and boy here take more interest In this kind of work than public school pupil do, it seems to me. Perhaps one might say. they handle it better too. It seem to moke up for all they lack in language and speech. Being here, 1 have met different kinds of people. They interest me, and I like to obtain new ideas. By talking and associating with the different people I have met I have been able to see different people’s viewpoint on different ■ubjocts. This year here has given me something to look forward to. Had I stayed at home, I would still ho faced with the problem of what to do with mysfllf when I complete school. Now, however. I know what I am going to do for quite a few years in advance. I have a good chance to work and earn my way through college, n thing thnt wa in my dreams, but which I never dared really hope for before But now tho opportunity