Wisconsin School for the Deaf - Tattler Yearbook (Delavan, WI)

Text from Pages 1 - 36 of the 1931 volume:

£bc UJearlv battler Complied B) The Setn'ots itf The Wisconsin State School for the Deaf Dclavan 'Published by the School (Press OUR SUPERINTENDENT T. EMERY BRAY OUR SPEAKER Dr. IRVING MAURER OUR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS DORA LOWE High School Principal JOHN CANT Composition F. J. NEKSAM Mathematics EDITH MATTESON Science and History LAURA CROSBY Reading MARY WILLIAMS Cratnmar OUR VOCATIONAL INSTRUCTORS SELMA ZEI.ASNK Bcuuty Culture -------- O --------- VOCATIONAL GRADUATE DOROTHY THOMAS Cambria Ariadna Literary Society Domestic Science Art Beauty Culture Camp Fire Girls Related Art BACCALAUREATE ADDRESS SUNDAY, MAY 31, 1931 At 2:30 o’clock Song— “Master. Lot Me Walk With Thee —Paul Ambrose Sunjr by Mr . Richard Beswick Interpreted by ... Hertha Zola and Pauline Long Scripture Heading Prayer Song— “O, Come To My Heart, Lord Jesus —Paul Ambrose Sung by . . . Rev. Charles Boardman Interpreted by . Sylvia Shndd, Orrell Jensen and Leona Leupke Baccalaureate Address . . Rev. F. C. Richardson Benediction + COMMENCEMENT THURSDAY. JUNE 4 1931 At 8 o’clock Song— Spring’s Awakening —Wilfred Sanderson Sung by .... Mrs. Marion Williams Interpreted by . . Lorraine Szablewski Invocation Salutatory..................Byno Goll Address........................Dr. Irving Maurer Valedictory .... Anthony Nogosek % Presentation of Diplomas Song— “Lead Us, Heavenly Father —R. M. Sutlts Sung by ... Mr . Fritz Johanneaen Interpreted by . Elizabeth Oakland and Irene Einberger Benediction RICHARD R. DAVIES Wales Hijch School Phoenix Literary Society Baseball Basketball Football Printing Art Badger Assistant O IRENE KATHERINE EINBERGER ReedoviUe Hljrh School Ariadna Literary Society Domestic Science Art Beauty Culture Camp Fire Girin O ELIZABETH CONSTANCE OAKLAND Black River Falla Hijrh School Ariadna Literary Society Domestic Science Art Camp Fire Girla ---------------- O ------------- LORETTA ORYALL Monlco Hiirh School Ariadna Literary Society Domeatic Science Art Comp Fire Girla •--------------- O------------- ARLENE MARIE PURUCKKR Fort Atkiruon Hijrh School Ariadna Literary Society Domeatic Science Art Beauty Culture, ('amp Fire GirU DOROTHY MARGARET KAY Marinette Domestic Science Beauty Culture High School Adriana Literary Society Camp Eire Girls O FARRIS CHARLES KIENZLER Fonnimorc High School Phoenix Literary Society Football Basketball Baseball Badger Assistant Printing O ANTHONY JOHN XOGOSKK Independence Valedictorian Baseball Basketball Football High School Phoenix Literary Society Art Printing Badger Assistant I.EO WILCOX RAGSDALE Milwaukee Graduate of Lincoln High School, Milwaukee Hijth School Phoenix Literary Society Football Baseball Basketball Printing Art Budgcr Assistant O Cl... Motto 'Climb Though the Rocks be Rugged' Clan Color. Red and White Cl... Flower Carnation Cl... Offic •r. President ............. Anthony Xogosek Vice-President ....... Elirabeth Oakland Secretary . ............. Irene Einberger Treasurer ..................... Byno Goll SALUTATORY By Byno Coll Member of the Board of Control. Superintendent. Teachers, Classmates and Friends: In behalf of the class of 1031, I wish to extend to you all u most cordial welcome to those sixty-first commencement exercises of the Wisconsin School for the Deaf. The word 'welcome,' i« the proper word but when I want to let you know how we appreciate your coming and how happy we are to have you all with us tonight, 1 find it lacks depth of meaning. I feel us Tennyson must have felt when he wrote. I would that my lipr- could utter The thoughts that arise in me. However, my greeting in not wanting in sincerity and should my words seem to halt. I feel that what I have left unsaid is expressed by the smiling faces of my classmates. This day is n great occasion In our lives and having our relatives and friends here to share it with un makes Us very happy, for pleasures shared are thereby doubled. Two of the members of our class entered this school as small children and had the advantage of receiving all of their training here. Some of their classmates were compelled to leave school for various reasons but their places were filled by others who entered within the last five yours, several of whom feel a deep regret that they did not come sooner. Wc wish to express our appreciation to the teachers and others responsible for the pleasant ami profitable year we have spent here. It is our hope that they may some day see that their interest in u was not in vain. Early in the year wo chose the carnation for our claw flower. From its humble origin as a clove pink in an old fashioned garden it has been developed into a flower of rare beauty with n variety of colors and murkiiigs. So may we from our modest beginning rise to bigger and better thing: . Our cin colors us you may already have noticed, are red and white. The white stands for truth and purity of thought and word. The red stands for Jove and the red horizon that comes before u good day. For our cln motto we have chosen Climb though the rocks be rugged. because we realize that although our pathway may not ulways he one of ease, we must not become discouraged hut ever struggle onward and upward, day by day coming closer to our goal. Though we rejoice that our course of study is completed, wc And that our Joy is not unmixed with sorrow. Leaving the old school under the maples, thnt has been a home for us during our stay here, knowing thnt we shall never return n students, is not easy. We do not know what lies ahead of us. but we shall climb bravely and unofrnid, the better fitted for our journey by the training we hove ‘received here. Again wc- bid you welcome. VALEDICTORY By Anthony Nogotek Friend , one and oil who ure {fathered here tonight to share with tin the joy of this occasion. to you I am, in hehaif of the dost of 1931, to hid farewell. Aa we are assembled here, our thoughts drift hack to the many happy day we have pent at this chool; then they turn to the future and take n more serious trend. This victory han been won. because we hove completed the course offered here. Thi hn been achieved not only by our own endeavor . but through the faithful and persistent efforts of those in charge. Kijuipped with courage. a desire to serve and perseverance we •top forward into the new path of life ahead joyfully. No matter how hard the road may cem, if we hold to the idenl that have been taught us, we nhnll keep climbing. Whatever success will be ours, we shall owe a debt of gratitude to our Alma Mater which provides for the deaf of Wisconsin a practical education and splendid moral training. We have been anticipating this event for sometime; but now that it is here, we are reluctant to say. Farewell.” To the Members of the State Board of Control: I extend the sincere thank of the class to you who furnished so many comfort? and such excellent training for us. Were it not for this school, wo might not have been prepured to take our places a true citizens, and now as we launch forth, wo hope to express our gratitude by making good use of what we have learned. To our Superintendents Much credit is due you fur all that wr hove received. Your interest in and understanding of the deaf have been an inspiration to us. You have instilled into our minds the grout truth that our future success depends upon our independent ability to do things, our scrv-ice to mankind and our good morals- For this practical education, we are more grateful than we can express in words. It is through your wise guidance that we have been able to complete our high school course. I ant sure your good work is. at any rate it should be, recognized by nil who send their children here. From now on we shall not have the benefit of your wise counsel, but we are not going to forget that you are the one ever willing to help us by a word of good cheer. Our thanks to you comes from the heart. To the Teachers and Officers: AH through our school lives you have shown admirable patience and courage. To give us proper training, we realize, has not been an easy task. Your faithful guidance and perseverance have brought us to our goal. We cannot find words that will fittingly express our deep sense of gratitude to you, not only our instructors but our advisors and friends. Though we shall not be under your jurisdiction any longer, we are going to carry with us your kind advice and words of encouragement for future use. Our thanks to vou is a thousand fold. Fellow Schoolmate : To say farewell to you, with whom we have been so closely associated and have hod no many happy times, brings sadness Into our heart , but the memory of nil those pleasant experience will over be n joy to ns no matter where we may be. Perhaps this thought comes to every one who has completed a task. I might have done bettor. With this In our minds we urge you to put forth every effort to make each day here nt school worthwhile ond not to give up before the course is completed. Our ways now drift apart, but our friendship remains. To Paront and Friend : .Sincere gratitude we extend to you for your wise decision in choosing this school for our education. Your kind interest in our welfare and progress along the way has meant much to us. If we pay earnest heed to the valuable lesson which we hnve been taught here, we are sure you will feel rewarded. The co-operation of parents nnd friends is of great benefit to the students here. Again we thank you for your part in this achievement which marks such an important factor in our lives. To my Classmate : In our work here together we have become very dear friends. Sharing one another ' pleasures. triumph? and a few disappointments hits made a friendship that, 1 am sure, will prove lasting. As we go our various ways, take up new work, which perhaps for some of us will bo at Galinudet College, let us keep before us our motto. Climb though the rocks be rugged,” for the only way to learn to do things is by doing and not let discouragement wield the sceptre. ♦ EARLIEST BOOKS By Richard Davie Many year ago then were no books, paper , pencil or pens in the world. There were no fairy tales or school books, or books that told of brave men and deeds of war and peace. But the people told stories of what happened to them. People have always wanted stories. Long ago they had to listen to their stories told by word of mouth instead of reading them for themselves. These stories were colled legend and were handed down from father to son. Afterawhile the people were not satisfied with stories. They wanted the hunter and warriors to show by pictures what they had done. So the cave men used the stone walls of their caves for drawing . Those who were listening to the tale were thrilled to see the picture of the monster with which their hero had fought. C-ave have been found in parts of France, which have pictures of mammoths, cave bears, and saber-toothed tigers on the wall . Some of these picture are colored. Scientists tell us that the people, who lived in these caves lived so many thousands of year ago that no one knows where they came from or where they went. For many thousands of years the people could not tell anything about what had happened except by drawing such picture . Then they began to use pictures for actions or time. A number of suns was a symbol meaning a number of day . The Chinese and Japanese still use such symbols to represent words in their alphabet . Later symbols were used to represent the sounds of the words instead of the words themselves. This was the beginning of the making of an alphabet. We do not know who first used uch an alphabet but some people believe the Phoenicians had one and passed it on to the Greek . However, the earliest date we can be sure of. when a real alphabet—that is, one that was not picture-writing—wo in u e, i the first part of the ninth century Before Christ. This is proved by the famous Moabite Stone on which were carved the adventures and deeds of valor of Mesha. King of Moab, who fought to free his subject from Jehoram. King of Judah. This story is also told in the Old Te tamenL This stone was discovered in 1868 and can be seen in the Louvre todav. The Babylonians impressed character on soft clay tablets or bricks, and then baked them hard in square or cylindrical shapes. The laws of Solon were carved on wooden tablets and set up on the Acropolis in Athens. The twelve tablets of the old Roman law were engraved on •tone. Plates of ivory, bronr,e, or lead were used for public records. These plates were often fastened together with hinges and looked like a modern book. For a long time papyrus which was made in Egypt was used and the book were made in rolls, being about one and a hnlf feet wide and sometimes fifty feet long. Many of these papyrus rolls have been found in the coffins of mummies in the tombs of Egypt. The people wrote on one side of the papyrus and wound it around a short stick. In reading such a roll the reader held it in his right hand and unwound it. as he read, with hi left hand, at the «anir time rolling up the part he hnd read. In Rome when these rolls were made, one man would dictate mid many slaves would each write one ropy. This made books a little rheaper than hofore, and there were many book shop anil public libraries in Rome. But these Jong rolls were not convenient and papyrus did not keep well, so people began to use parchment or sheepskin. This was cut in rectangular sheets and bound together at one side with thongs. So, about the 4th century after Christ, people had books which looked very much like ours. But. for a thousand years after that there were no books except those which had been copied by hand. All through the middle Ages books were made by the monks in the monasteries. Each page was lucked on a pioco of wood and it often took several years to copy one single book. The lettering was very beautiful. The beginning of each part and sometimes the first word of each page was written in bright Ink of various colors. Herr und there were initial letters with pictures in brilliant colors. These colors were ground and mixed up by little peasant boys. The cover of important works were often studded and banded with gold and •OQO- ailver and fastened with huge clasps. Most of the book were copies of Greek and Latin classics and Bibles and church works written in Latin. The monks were very painstaking in their work and through them many important books were saved for us. For more than a thousand years, a period when almost all writing was done by the monks, the quills of geese or swans were used. In the 18th century, quills were improved and hardened by dipping them into a boiling solution of alum. Book remained very scarce and expensive until after the introduction of paper made from linen and the invention of printing. When the first libraries were established in England, books were o rare and vuluablr thnt they were usually attached to the shelve. by iron chains to prevent their being stolen. Some of the books were bound in fine cloth embroidered and trimmed with gold and precious stones. W are lucky because we have more and better books to read than people used to have. The old books were hard to rend. We can be thankful that wc do not have to study our history from clay tablets or long papyrus rolls, but live In a time when everyone can read and enjoy good books and have several in his home. • o o o ALONG THE OREGON TRAIL WITH EZRA MEEKER By Elisabeth Oakland On April 10, 1830. the first wagon train started from St. Louis on its way to Oregon with thousands of men and women to make new homes. Exra Meeker, one of the later pioneers, was born that snnie year in Huntsville, Ohio. In 1852, Exra Meeker and his family left Eddyville, Iowa, to make their way by ox team over the Oregon trail to the Pacific coast. They reached Kanesville, now called Council Bluffs, where they found many wagons wuiting to cross the dangerous Missouri River. In 1852 the army of pioneers was at least five hundred mile long. Many wagons were ahead of the Meeker as they left the Missouri river for Meeker found date inscribed on Independence Rock and elsewhere along the trail. Beside the ox teams and homes there were cattle to follow behind or around the wagons. Sickness and death followed the terrible dust of the wagon train. Thl pioneer army of a great body of people and moving animals made a column about a hundred feet wide along the deep wagon ruts. Tho men on homeback scouted for Indians and game, while the women and children drove the team and stock. Sometimes the sand would be hurled by the strong wind of the prairie into their faces and hands. They suffered great loss through the wind and rain storin'', for winds and flood along the Platte River carried off many thing . Most of the river , that they had to ford, were about half a mile wide and very dangerous as they had quicksand in them. The Indians made trouble for the pioneers, for they could not understand tho white men using their lands, gross and game. One night the wagons, each chained to the one ahead, were arranged in a circle with the cattle inside. Soon after the weary pioneer had retired, they heard a great roar which proved to he a buffalo stampede of such sixe that in the morning the men shot the stragglers and saved the meat for the trail. By the time western Nebraska and Wyoming were reached, traveling was easier, for the un- marked graves along the trail bore mute testimony of those who would never reach the coast. They passed through the Rocky Mountains by way of South Paw an easy gateway to the West. When the Meeker porty reached the Snake River, cholera broke out again in the terrible dust. They had a hard time crossing the river in its deep canyon. On socing an enterprising young man calking his wagon box with tar, the Meekers did likewise and soon their goods were safely across. For several days Mr. Meeker helped people across the river in his wagon box. thereby earning at least a hundred and ten dollars of which only two dollars and seventy-five cents remained on his arrival at Portland. Five long, tiresome months of travel had brought them about eighteen hundr«d miles from the Missouri River. After reaching The Dalles, they found a great crowd of weary and worn travellers. Some went by boat down the Columbia to Portland. A few of them were thinking about their old homes or their dear ones who slept in graves along the trail, but most of them were hopeful of what the future held for them. Soon after the Meekers were established in their new home in the Puget Sound Valley, a letter came from his parents asking when someone could come for them. Mr. Meeker’s brother wont to work in the timber to earn enough money for the trip to Iowa that winter. Some months later hearing that his fumily was in want on the trail not far away, Mr. Meeker left his wife and child and went out horsoback through Notches Pass to holp his parents over the mountains. One day he saw many wagons being lowered over a steep clilT. The travellers had not enough rope to reach the bottom so they killed three steer and cut up their hides into strips to lengthen the rope. Twenty-nine wagons were safely lowered down the cliff, only one being broken to pieces. On reaching hi father’s camp Exra Meeker learned that his mother and brother had died and were buried along the trail. Cutting log , roots and rolling stone away to make a road for the wagons through the forests, the pnrty reached Puget Sound. In a covered wagon drawn by an ox team u he had traveled west in 1862 Mr. Meeker planned to follow the old trail to Washington to enlist President Roosevelt's aid and that of Congress in marking the Old Oregon Trail In memory of the brave women nod men who had endured the hardship of travel. He left Puyallup. Washington, on January 29. li� Ort. for Seattle to raise funds for his trip. At Olympia where the old trial was about two miles from the city, he placed a stone marked The Oregon Trail: 18-13—67.’ Collecting money where he gave addresses, he bought monuments to place on the old trail. Some towns had already put stones in place. On stopping ut South Pass Mr. Mt-efci-r planned to place a monument there later. A few miles on. the Devil's Gate and Spl'.t Rock were old landmarks. A monument was erected in the beautiful city of Kearney, which had been known as old Fort Kearney. Passing through farms and wheat fields which had been a desert In 1862, he found towns where none had been in the old day . New roads, not curved or winding but intersecting each other at right angles, marked township lines. After many hardships Omaha was left behind and his route led him to Indianapolis, New York, Trenton. Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington where Mr. Meeker received warm welcome. One day, driving hi- ox team through the city of New York, a policeman sent him to the station, and tried to drive the team, but being ignorant of oxen, he had to free .Mr. Meeker who went on through New Jersey where he visited relatives. At last he reached Washington. President Roosevelt was very much Interested in .Mr. Meeker’s idea and was willing to help build the new highway to the Columbia called The Oregon Trail.” Mr. Meeker shipped hia outfit most of the way back to Portland aa he was longing for his home life after being gone for twenty-eight months, lie had succeeded in covering the old trail. The ox team trip was repealed in 1911, and in 1915 he made the trip in an automobile. Nine years later he flow across the continent in an airplane. In the summer of 1928 once again this undaunted pioneer of almost ninety-eight started East in a Ford cur but wan taken ill in Detroit where he remained in a hospital for two months. In December he passed away in Seattle where he had been taken. Had Exra Meeker lived to be one hundred year old, he would have been the central figure in the celebration of the Covered Wagon Centennial which was observed by the American people from April 10 to December 21 In 1930. A HISTORY OF PRINTING By Farris Kioncler Printing means the making of letter . character or figure on paper, cloth, clay or stone. It is one of the most important industries in the world. All printing was first done by hand. In the earliest times, the Egyptians used to do their printing by engraving chnrncler and symbols on soft tiles or on bricks. These were then hardened by baking. If they wished to keep a record or n picture of a person, they drew figures on blocks of clay. The Chinese are known to have printed from engraved blocks at least fifty years before Christian times but they still use this same method now. A long time ago, the Romans used engraved stones and metal for stamping signatures and money. They were a very intelligent people but they were afraid to use printing because they thought it might cause the people to rebel a-guinst their government. Several hundreds of years passed between the beginning of Chinese printing, or the use of Roman stamps, and printing with movable typo as we know it to-day. Dugold Stewart, an English writer, said that printing should be thought of as slow improvement instead of being the result of one single invention. When we see printing growing better, and when we think of how slowly it began, and how long it took printing to Improve, we think Mr. Stowurt knew what he was talking about. Engraving upon wood was the first way of printing in Europe. Blocks were engraved for printing playing cards ns cnrly as the fourteenth century. The “Poor Man's Bible was printed in n way like this. This held about forty leaven printed from many different blocks. So wc can see that it took a great amount of work. Printing with movable type was invented by Johannes Gutenberg of Germany and I auren� Coster of Holland between 1420 ami 1440. We don't know for sure which of these two inventors was tint, but the discovery l� usually given to Gutenberg. Gutenberg was the first one to cut type from metal nnd Inter he made mntrico and molds from which the types were token. Gutenberg formed n pnrtencrship with Faust, • jeweler. The first book which Gutenberg printed was a copy of the Latin translation of the Old Testament. People call thin book the Masc-arin Bible because many years afterwards a copy of it was found in the librury of Cardinal Masarin in Paris. Gutenberg was born about the yonr 1400, at Moinx, a German city on the Rhine, near Frankfort. His parents were once rich people who took a leading part in the affairs of that city. We do not know much ahout Gutenberg's hoy-hood days, but when he was a hoy. he was vory ambitious and would try anything once. The trades at that time were run by guilds which were like clubs. Gutenberg learned two trades instead of one. The first trade he learned was that of polishing stones and mirrors. This took him from five to seven years to learn and he received no wages during that time. Reside that, ho had to pay o certain amount of money for his teaching. The other trade was that of mnking wood type. It would seem rather easy to do this, but he was forced, although he didn't wish, to give up trying to make moveable type from wood. He seemed to be on the right rood to success when he came to print from lead type, hut he found that it took much more pressure than wooden blocks. This caused a great deal of trouble. The trying to find a metal to make type from took weeks and months. We have never found a better way of making metal for type. The metal is called type-metal nnd was one of the great discoveries of Gutenberg. The Linotype was invented by Ottmnr Mer-genthnlcr. of Baltimore. It is a wonderful machine. It has a keyboard with ninety keys upon which letters nnd characters arc designated like that of a typewriter. By touching a key. the mat-ricc, into which thr letter or character h indented. is caused to drop into line by a revolving cam roller. When the operator ha.- set all the letters and characters the line will hold, it in transferred to the casting part of the machine. There it is properly spaced or justified by means of spacebnnds. The mold Is then filled with metal and a solid lino of type is made. The matrices nro distributed to their proper place above the machine called the maguxinc. The type thut hu -been set is moved to a small galley where o proof of it is taken for the proof-reader. The type in then passed to the make-up man who make- it ready for the presses. The slugs cast by this machine are not distributed but are thrown into a melting jwit to be remelted. The melted lend in the melting pot used over again after it bin been cleaned nnd cast, into nmull blocks called pigs. The average speed on tho machine is around 4,500 urns an hour, but an expert operator can net 7,600 or more t?ui per hour. The cost of a machine is from $3,500 up. Tho first printing press in America was set up in the city of Mexico in 1500 and the first printing pres In the United States was placed in Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass., in 1030. This mny bo considered the beginning of the fa- mous University Press which Is one of the Inrgext book-making companies in America. The first press was just a woollen frame for holding the form in which the type was placed. It looked much like u cider pre.v . After the face of the typo had been carefully covered with ink the form was shoved under the screw which was worked down by a lever. When the -crew was worked down, it pressed the paper evenly upon the type. The screw was then raised, the paper taken off, and in this way a copy was printed. In putting ink on the typo, they had no brayer like wc have now. They used a hall made of leather and wool covered the outside. It was rolled in ink and was then rolled over the type. Work with u press like this was very hard because only a few copies were printed a day. It was very slow work. Tho firvt American press, invented by Richard Hoe of New York, in 1840, is thought to be the first successful press in America. This press, with some new improvements that have been added from time to time, i� tho kind of newspaper pres. used now. At first these presses were with two, four or eight cylinders. In 1860 on eight-cylinder press was made for the New York Sun which printed 10,000 sheets an hour on one side. Before this time, stereotype plate which printed on both sides had beon conaidcrod good for newspaper work on account of the time that was saved. Stereotype plates for this pres ore cast in mold which are in the form of a half-cylinder so they can bo easily clamped on tho cylinders in the press. Folding and counting machines were later invented to fasten to the prex . The speed with which the daily papers are printed on these presses is almost more than we can believe. A new press made for the New York World can print, fold, cut and count 90,000 eight-page paper an hour or 16,000 u minute. The paper runs through the machine ut the rale of thirty-two and a half mile per hour. The t r� t book printed in America was from tho press in Mexico and was called A Spiritual Ladder to Ascend to Heaven. The old press at Cambridge is of great historic interest. The first issue from this press was the Free Man’ Oath. The most famous work of the pres was the first edition of John Flint's Indian bible, This took three year to make. There are only two or three copies of it now and these are valued at nearly S'J.000 u copy because they are so old. From these small beginning printing in the United States ha grown to a large also and now it is one of the most important industries of this country. It employ thousand of men. Many million of dollar are spent every year on printing material, paper, and other supplies that printer need. Those who know very little about printing and the operation of the presses would be very interested if they would visit some of the printing office . The work i very interesting and I am sure that any of you would then wish you were u printer. I intend to make it my life work. I have worked at printing for two years and still find it Interesting, especially the composing part of the job. •OQO 00°’ ONE YEAR AT THE W. S. I). AND WHAT IT HAS DONE FOR ME By Loretta Oryall My home 1s in a small town in Onoidn county. Tho name of the town I Monieo. I have lived there ever since I lost part of my hearing, which wan at two years of age. I live on a farm, n very small one. which would hardly be called a farm by some people. My health was very poor during the first years of my life, but now it i of the best. No matter what happened. I nlwuys attended school. If then was a rain storm. I could wear a raincoat. If there was a � m� w storm, 1 could ■kl. When 1 was five year old. I started in the first grade, and 1 have kept on in school, never missing or failing a year since. For the first eight years I went to n small rural choo! about one-half mile from home. That school had about twenty pupil . I left the eighth grade and that school In the spring of nineteen twenty-nine. Shortly after school wo out, the Oneida county nurse. Mis Florence Hoesly, called on my parents and asked them to allow me to attend this school for my high-tchool course. My father decided that he wanted me to stay home one year and take the freshman year in the Monieo State Graded School, three and one-half milea from home. Then I could decide where I wanted to go for the last three years. I had my choice between three schools; this school, the Antigo Day School for the Deaf, or the Rhinelander Public High School. 1 found out all 1 could about all three schools while I was at home. I visited in Rhinelander, and rend all 1 could about this school and the one in Antigo. At first, I had an idea I would like Rhinelander, because my sister would he with me there for about one year. But in the end, I derided I would attend the WUeon-ain School for the Deaf. To strengthen thin decision, Miss Ivn Saundem came to Monico and tested my ear . I found I could not hear a� well aa I thought I could, About nino o’clock, the morning of September eighth, I said good-bye to my four sister and two brothers, and wont to Monico to meet Miss Hoesly. She waa to take me to Deluvnn in her car. Two boys from Rhinelander came, too. It was a pleasant Journey, and after supper Just as the sun was setting, the boys began to get excited. because we were coming up the hill in front of the grounds. Both boys pointed and said, “School,” so plainly that I understood them. They seemed overjoyed to get here again. 1 looked in the direction In which they pointed. This was my first glimpse of the place where I had decided I would finish high school. I could see large stretches of well.kept green lawn, beautiful trees, and vine-covered grey buildings with shrubs and flower-bordered walks going in all directions. The first time I saw them, I loved the trees, and especially the pine . Everything seemed so pretty to me that night. I found it hnrd to believe that I was really here in the place 1 bad been so anxious to be for many months. I had really wanted to come for several reasons, namely, because I wanted to see the different places, because 1 wanted to know-people like myself, and because I liked the description by Mis Saunders and MIm Hoesly. Somehow, I had expected to find •••mething of tho public school idea of breaking as many rules as you can get away with. I expected, because of stories I have read of institution lifr, that the supervisors would be vcritible jailers. I hardly knew what sort of schoolmates I would meet. I expected them to be a llttlr different from my public school friend , but not much. I knew how the dormitories and buildings would look from the pictures I had seen, and I had a fair idea of the methods of teaching. I didn't, however, expect so much patience and companionship on the part of the teachers. What I did find made it necessary for me to rebuild my ideas. Here, apparently they believed that laws and rules were made to keep. That wasn’t my idea then, Everyone here strives to keep the rules, and to help the other fellow-keep them. As for the supervisors, they kept order, but they were not the hard-hearted Jailers I had expected. You can go to them with your troubles and instead of having thorn send you away he cause they don’t want to he bothered, they go out of their way to help you. One of my greatest surprises came when I began to know the thoughts and Ideas in the minds of the pupils around me. It looked as if they wanted to do everything that the super- visors wanted and expected them to. I found that in most respects they were vastly different from my old acquaintances, and that there was about a� much likeness as I hod expected difference. Tho teachers do not pick out a certain few for the favorite . All pupil are all on the same footing, and the relationship i� not one of rivalry. hut of brotherhood and sisterhood. I also found that the method of teaching is more thorough than in public schools. Every small detail is looked after. Everything is thoroughly done. The working equipment ts as up-to-date as thnt of any public school. Every morning we enter the school building for five hours of striving to attain knowledge. It really Isn’t such a strife because we are only usked to do our best. The teacher is always willing to help us with the things which we do not understand. One thing I am sure; that the hours spent here heli almost every deaf child to do and that is to overcome an inferiority complex. I found out thut most of the girls, at least, had them before they came here. But now this feeling has disappeared. Through the methods of teaching and the encouragement given by the teachers, the students manage to get rid of them, and fortunately � n, for if they keep them and let them grow, they nr« sure to mar any student’s personality. Often girls and hoy do not gel the right kind of training at home. They do not learn how to cook and sew and do the thing any girl or boy-should know. Here, at this school, they get some of the best training which is possible in these lines. The girls have a model kitchen where they learn how to serve meals. They also learn how to make good and useful clothing, and how to manage a household. In the carpentry shops, the printing office and the shoeshop, the boy get like training In the lines which interest them. The girls and boy here take more interest In this kind of work than public school pupil do, it seems to me. Perhaps one might say. they handle it better too. It seem to moke up for all they lack in language and speech. Being here, 1 have met different kinds of people. They interest me, and I like to obtain new ideas. By talking and associating with the different people I have met I have been able to see different people’s viewpoint on different ■ubjocts. This year here has given me something to look forward to. Had I stayed at home, I would still ho faced with the problem of what to do with mysfllf when I complete school. Now, however. I know what I am going to do for quite a few years in advance. I have a good chance to work and earn my way through college, n thing thnt wa in my dreams, but which I never dared really hope for before But now tho opportunity i� placed before me. mine for Ihc taking. I am going to take it—for who would choose otherwise? I have said I was going to take, and now I say that I hope to make good in the chance thU year has given me. Whatever I attain in that way, I will owo to thin year at school, and I will always be thankful for the opportunity. •OQO' '°00' CHARACTER SKETCHES FROM “DAVID COPPERFIELD” By Irene Einbcraer Charles Dickens, one of the greatest of English novelists, drew freely upon some of the incidents connected with his own life in writing “David Copportleld.” His hero had practically the same hnrd experiences that he himself had known. Many of his queer characters he met while working at menial tasks or when visiting hi father in the debtor’s prison. His literary works brought about reform in Knblish courts, schools, and prisons and have moved three generations of renders to laughter and to tear . Dickens never taught school, nor did he outline a system of education; he never wrote a learned book on “Child Training or “Dcfecta in Modern Education. ytf educators of note declare him to have been an influence for good in the educational field. In “David Copperficld. his readers feel the hits of Mr. Croakle’s cone an he cut nt the chubby school boy . Tho hero of thi story lived in the English vDlafe of Blunderatonc with hi gentle mother, who after her husband’ death, seemed to have nothing in the world to live for but her baby. A rosy-cheecked, warm-hearted servant-muid, always called Peggoty, loved und served the gentle woman and her child. MU Betsey Trotwood. an aunt of hi Into father, called at the home and was o disappointed to find that the child was n hoy and not a girl that she took herself off und never returned. David’s early days were pleasant enough. When he was ubout nine year old. he went with his nurse, Peggoty, to her brother' home at Yarmouth where he became acquainted with Little Emily and Hum. the orphan niece and nephew of Mr. Daniel Peggoty. a hearty old sailor, who also befriended hi� Into partner’ wife. Mr . Gummldgo. Upon David’s return home he found hi mother married to Edward Murdstone, who with hi sister, had designs on his wife’s property. They cruelly hated the small boy and often punished him harshly and unjustly. He was sent away to boarding school where Janie Sturforth, the school speedily made friend with him. David school, speedily tnada a friend of him. David roomed with Traddles, the merriest and most miserable of nil the boys at Salem House, because the pompous, overhearing superintendent seemed to single him out for various caning for fancied wrong doing. After n miserable time at school he was called home to attend his mother's funeral. The Murd-stoncs showed their dislike so strongly for David that dark day followed for the lonely, heartsick boy. A little later arrangement were made for him to be employed in Mr. Murdstone' London ware-house. David was sent to lodge with Mr. Wlcnwbcr. a good-natured, gcninl, but such a hopelessly impracticable person ihnt he was imprisoned for debt several time. After deciding to run away from the hateful bottling ware-house. David wrote to Peggoty, then Mrs. Barkis, for information In regard to hi Aunt Betsey Trotwood. Hi dear old nurse sent him some money, but he didn't get clear of London before he was robbed of his box and money. He suffered terribly before he found himself In dirty rags at the door of his aunt's comfortable cottage nt Dover. The nmated woman took David into her heart and home and forgave him for being « boy and decided to call him Trotwood Copperficld. She sent him to Dr. Strong’s Academy nt Canterbury and made arrangements for him to bonrd at the house of her lawyer there, Mr. Wickficld, whose young daughter. Agnes, looked after the house. Mr . Wickficld being dead. David was extremely happy at thi home and came to regard Agnes as hi chum to whom he could tell his inmost thoughts. He didn't lige Mr. Wiskfield'n clerk, a inug. self-satisfied, young man named Uriah Heap. This creature forced his acquaintance on David and always pretended to be very humble. After the happy days nt Canterbury came to an end. David' aunt furnished him with money to be apprenticed in London to u firm of proctor in the Doctors' Common department. In hi profession he made no great progress but ho fell in love with hi employer’s daughter, Dora, u fragile, but bright and lively girl. The sudden loss of his aunt’s fortune, except the house nt Dover, forced him to become a secretary. He ulso learned short hand und became a court rc- porter. When David wu beginning to win fanir aa an author, ho married Dora, who wan everythin that waa charming except a house-wife and who found moat of her amusement playing with her little do , Jip. Meanwhile, Agnes Wtckflcld in great distress over her father‘a evident yielding to the debasing influence of the unscrupulous, fawning Hcep asked David to call on her at a friend's London home. At a dinner party there he happened to hear Mr. Traddles announced. Old acquaintance was renewed the next day when David found him living as economically as possible while he was reading for the bar. The Micawbers with whom he boarded imposed upon his good nature and pocket book so frequently that he could not get ahead enough to marry hin rosy-cheeked Sophy, a country curate's daughter in charge of numerou- younger sinters. Later on Mlcawbor, then employed by Hcep. discovered his swindling game and set himself to restore property to honest people with the aid of Mr. Traddles, Miss Trotwood's lost fortune was largely recovered and out of gratitude for his service, she advanced the money for the Mlc-awber’s family to establish themselves in Aus- ORRELl. JENSEN Phillips. Wisconsin Silk lounging enaembl trails where they eventually became influential citizens. In the same boat sailed Mr. Peggoty and Mrs. Gummidge. With them went poor, misguided Emily for whom her uncle had had to search far and wide, but still cherished though she had run away from home with the scamp Stccrforth. David saw them sail away and he went down to Yarmouth with a letter for Ham from Emily but he arrived to see the honest, young man drowned in trying to reach a wreck on which the last man who was washed ashore was the false Stoerforth. The shadows were gathering round David’s own hearth, too. for hia poor Dora faded uway and died peacefully in the arms of Agnes Wick-field. David Copparfldd, who had known all these sorrows, wn still a young man with his life's work before him. for his fame as an author was steadily growing. He traveled abroad for some years, then returned to And Traddles happily married to the “dearest girl in the world. Several weeks later occured David Coppcr-flrid's marriage to Agnes Wickfleld who hud always been his ideal. DOROTHY THOMAS Cambria. Wisconsin Wool jumper with silk blouse and hat THE HOLY GRAIL By Dorothy Kay According to legend. the Holy Grail wa the sacred cup from which Christ drunk nt the Ltmt Supper. Several stories have been woven about the Holy Grail by writers of the 12th century. The first important versions of these stories n English literature is thnt of Sir Thomas Malory, who lived In the 15th century. About four hundred year later Alfred Tennyson wrote about the Holy Grail in one of the most t enutiful poems in hla Idylls of the King.’’ The story concerning the Holy Grail « i follows. When Christ hunt Upon the rros , Jo -iph of Armatheu. one of Hi follower , caught within it the blood that dripped from Ills wounded side. Then Joseph tied to Knglnnd o escape persecution and he carried the holy cup with him. There It was said to heal the diseases of those who looked upon or touched It. The cup long remained in the keeping of Joseph and hi descendants, loiter, the one who hod it in his keeping did not live the pure and blameless life that was necessary, so it was taken awny to heaven and for many long Venn was lost to the world. Tennyson relates that in the days of King Arthur, who lived in Cumolot with hi knights of the Round Tahle. the Holy Grail was seen in a vision by a sweet and saintly nun. She told of this vision to her brother. Sir Percivale, and he told it to the knights of the Round Table. They took o vow to look for the Holy Grail. Sir Gala-had. who was the noblest and purest of the knights, set out in quest of it. us did M vrral others. Sir Percivale’ sister cut off her pretty hair and braided a strong sword belt for Sir Galahad and bade him go forth and he would tee what she had seen. Then hr went away on a snow-white steed to look for the Holy Grail. After a long search and munv adventures he met Sir Percivale. The two knights camo to a great marsh which ran out into the sea. Sir Percivale saw hi companion leap upon n great bridge, every span that he crossed sprang into bridge every span that he crossed sprang into fire. Above Sir Galahad’s head, the henvens opened with a sound of thunder, while the sacred cup hung in the sky like a burning jewel. Sir Galahad passed on into the Celestial City beyond the bridge and was seen no more. Ho had found the Holy Grail. The version of Sir Thonm Malory is that the Grail was seen by Galahad. Percivale and Burs who followed it to the far East, Galahad was carried up to heaven by angel . Pcrrivale died in a hermitage and Bora, alone, returned to Britain. The story of the Holy Grail has been por t.—yed tv poet , painters and musician . Wolfram von Kschenbaek. a German poet, wrote Parrivol, one of the finest poems qn the legend. On thin Rirhnrd Wagner based his great music: ! drama of the same name. George F. Watt made o famous puinting of Sir Galnhad and Edwin Amlin Abbey, a magnificient freice, retting forth this story. Jnme Russell Lowell used ihis legend in The Vision of Sir Launfal.” In this poem. Sir Launfal docidrd to set out in quest of the Holy Grail. One day In June he ft 11 asleep and wh'.Ie sleeping, he hud a vision. In the vision he rode out of hi castle and hete met u leperou beggar. Sir (jtunfal was very proud and did not want to associate with the teggar. He llung him some money and rode on, wishing to get nwnv from him. The beggi.r would not touch the money so contemptuously given. Sir Launfal was gone for mnn long, weary years. He spent nearly all his life in an unsuccessful search for the Holy Grail. Finally, he returned home an old bent man. He found that some one else was in possession of his castle and he was not allowed to enter. Just then Sir Launfal saw the leperous beggar again, begging for aid. Ho felt differently towards the beggar this time and shared hi small supply of bread with him and brought him water to drink. The leper took the bread and water. He drank it and was changed Into the Master himself. Then he said: “Lo, it Is I, be not afraid! In many climes, without avnil, Thou hast spent thy life for the Holy Grail; Behold It is here,— this cup which thou Didst fill at the streamlet for Me but now; This crust is my body broken for thee, Thi water His blood that died on the tree; The Holy Supper is kept, indeed. In whalao we share with another’s need; Not whut we give, but what we share,— For the gift without the giver is bare; Who give himself with his alms feeds three,-Himsclf, his hungering neighbor and Me.” Then Sir Launfal woke from his sleep. He de-cided that he need not go far in searrh of the Holy Grail us it was there right in his castle. He knew now that he should not look down upon nor despise the poor people around him, but should do his best to help them. He spent the rest of his life doing givod in thi way. Thus he found the Holy Grail. EDWARD BOK'S SINGING TOWER Arlene PurueWer Edward Bok. an American Journalist and writer, wa born in Holland. He came to the United Stater with hi- parent when he was nix years old. HI parent were poor and he hud to work hard to make a living. He attended the public school but wan largely self-educated. For thirty year he wa editor of the Ladle ' Home Journal and also wrote a few books. Two of them are: The Americani m of Edward Bok, and A Dutch Boy Fifty Year Later.” Both Mr. and Mr . Bok have done much to promote a love of art among the people. Several year ago Mr. Bok conceived the idea of entab-ll hing a sanctuary with a alnging tower somewhere in America. He finally selected Florida as the place to build it. The Singing Tower and Sonctuary i nt Mountain Lake. Florida. It i two hundred and five feet high and U built of pink Georgia marble and tan-colored coquina stone. It rise upward from a granite base fifty one feet in width. The structure become octagonal toward the top and a little more than thirty feet in width. The story that the Sanctuary and Tower were memorial to hu parent and grandparent t not true. Mr. Bok him� elf ay� he never thought of them when he conceived the idea of creating the tower. The tower ha a carillon of 61 bell . A carillon ha from thirty to seventy bell giving the complete chromatic scale with a comp of from three to five octaves. It is often confused with a chime . A chime ha but u few bell in the diatonic scale with the usual compass of only an octave. A chime can be played by the moat amateur musician; the carillon, rightly played, require a b«U-master of musical education and years of experience with bell . Mr. Anton Brec of Antwerp plays the bell in Mr. Bok' tower. Mr. Bok first wont over the field of heels and found that a carillon of the sixe and weight he wanted could not be made in America, � o he cast hu eye toward England and there he found the firm capable of casting what he desired. It took fifteen month to make them, and when they were finished he asked three musician to go to England to test their tone and quality. They did so with the result that they pronounced them the most perfectly tuned bell they had ever heard. These bell arc the gift of Edward Bok to the American people. The bell weigh from seventoon pound to twelve ton each. The tower iUelf weigh fifty-five hundred ton and so ia capable of maintain- ing no great a weight of bell . Getting the bell from Jacksonville, where they were landed from the ship, was a problem. No trucks could hold such a weight and the wooden bridges along the road from Jnckiionville to Mountain Lake could not bear the burden, o the railroad leading to Mountain laike built new fiat freight car , each with a double flooring, and a special train wa� made up. In this way the enormous and valuable bells arrived safely at Lake Wales, the nearest railroad station. There electric crane hointed them to especially strong trucks. The constructors worked so hard that within four week each bell hung in its permanent place. When the work was finished, each workman struck a bell which produced a nerve-racking sound. The carvings on the marble bond encircling the tower are eagles, herons, flamingoes, and pelicans. They are the work of twenty-aix carvers. The carving was designed by Lee Laurie, a New York sculptor. The entrance to the tower is a masterpiece by Samuel Ycllin, a famous ironworker. There are wto gate and a railing leading across the moat to the tower door and there are stair and railings in the private room. Every bit of the ironwork in them is fully of beauty. When the work of irrigation and planting was begun, the spot was just a bare hill. Frederick Law Olmstead. a New England landscape architect, dug trenches and laid water pipes in every part of the Sanctuary. He transplanted thousands of shrubs and trees to it- The result � o far ha been very uccessful for everything was well taken care of and plenty of water wo given each plant. You can now. after six year , see the Sanctuary in its rich verdure that Northerner have estimated required o growth of fifteen years. It is said to b the most beautiful spot in America. The place contain forty-eight acres. The Sanctuary and the Tower are protected from the noise cau«ed by automobiles and it la Intended that no industrial plants or factories will ever mar its quiet and repose. Milton Medary. a Philadelphia architect, made sketches for ix months, before he wa satisfied, then he built what the visitor see today. The bird have found the Sanctuary a place of safety. They were not long in finding it and they come back each year. There are fifty bird baths in the Sanctuary’ and those are used each morning by the bird . It ho been announced that a beacon will ome day bo placed on the tower to protect flier . Ever since the Sanctuary wiu opened there has been an attendance of not Icmi than a thou ■and vial tor a day. On Sunday nnd on holiday there are from ix to ten thousand. The newspaper leave it such publicity that tourists have come from all over the country to see the place. Mr. Bok want the American people to aee what • o o o he has prepared for them. The purpose of the Tower la to create symbol of pure beauty, which we need o much in this country. It la n place in which to rest and ponder upon what we are doing and where we are going. 0 Q 0 • AMERICAN ARTISTS By Leo W. R«iniklt It has been tut id that in various part of the world the word, American ism,M has come to symbolise lust for materialism, nnd all finer emotions ure lacking. It in true that art tins been developed slowly in America, but a Arm foundation for ita development has been established. In the li� t of American Artists, to whom credit is due for thi , are the namoa of George In ness. John l-n Fargo. James Abbott McNeill Whistler, John Singer Sargent, and Gilbert Stuart. Neither time nor space will permit me to tell much about each one. They, with others, have aroused an interest In art which shows that materialism has not crushed out the idealism of America. George Inness it known ax a pathfinder in American art. for by natural impulse he waa led to follow the great artists of other countries. His father, a retired New York grocer, planned that he enter business and even opened a small ■tore for him in Newark. New Jersey; but the ran had made up his mind to study art. For a r;hort time he was apprenticed to an engraver and later studied painting under a pupil of Delnrnchr. Beyond this he was self taught. Through the influence of Thomas Colo, a landscape painter and founder of an art school in the east, Innes began studying special forms of nature. When he returned from his first trip to Europe in the interest of art. he was forty years of age. The Barbixon painters had greatly impressed him. This was the beginning of his career as a landscape painter. Inncsa showed superiority in American art because of hl� close study of nature's forms. In fact he was the father of the naturalistic movement in American landscape. He was religiously inclined, imaginative, questioning nnd rather argumentative. These qualities he applied to his art. While Innes has been culled, an impetuous nnd passionate painter, most of his pictures have nn atmosphere of repose. Corot’s work made a lasting impression on him. Among his most famous paintings are Winter Morning, Montclair, The Wood Gatherers. The Clouded Sun, and “Summer Silence, a large copy of which hangs on the wall in the assembly room of the Delavnn High School. As soon as he wax financially able, he established himself in a country home in New Jersey, where he was xurroundod by inspiring views of nature. Here he rose to great heights as a pioneer American artist. John Iji Fargo, who is noted for his mural decorations, was born in New York in 1835. He was n student of art long before he took it up as a profession. His father’s house in Washington Square was well stocked with books and picture . Many highly cultured people frequented the home. He recoived his training in Paris. After his return to America, hr worked in a lawyer’s office In New York not having yet decided to take up art as a livelihood. His first work was the mural decorations for Trinity Church in Boston. This was such a success that he directed his attention to the art of mural decorations and window designing. In 188? he executed one of his finest things, the large altar piece in the Church of the Ascension, In New York. The kinds of subject which I-a Fargo undertook were numerous and varied including portrait . landscapes and religious subject . Among his best paintings are The Arrival of the Magi.” decorations in the Brick Church in New York nnd those in the Boston Public Library. Almost every school boy nnd girl has learned to love and enjoy the picture, “The Portrait of My Mother, painted by James McNeill Whistler. All dreiwed in black she sit in profile with with her feet upon a foot-stool and her hands laid peacefully on her lap; the delicate lace of her cap silhouetted against the gray wall. The expression on her fact is that of one whose thought are drifting back to the days of long ugo. Only u man of unusual sweetne could have produced such a masterpiece. Lowell. Massachusetts, is the birthplace of this renowned American artist nnd 1834 the year in which he was born. He was educated in West Point, but studied art in France nnd England. His etching have been universally praised. Quoting from an article on American artists, “Me has proved him-•elf the greatest mauler of the needle since Rembrandt. Rembrandt's work ia rather a triumph of knowledge; while Whistler's is a triumph of power. His painting show talent and originality. Whistler called hi� paintings Nocturnes and symphonies. He never in his art deviated from the sweet and wholesome. The White Girl which was painted by Whistler, when he was twenty-nine year old. Is now owned in America. Had America appreciated the portrait of his mother it, too, would have been in his native country instead of in the Luxembourg. Among his best paintings are Old Hallcrsea Bridge, Sea and Rain, u portrait of Carlyle and Little Wild Rose, besides the portrait of his mother. “A favored child of the Muses,” says one writer of John Singer Sargent, who very early in life reached the topmost rung of the ladder in his profession. Most artists have to labor long and overcome many obstacles to reach such maturity.His father was a Massachusetts gentleman who had retired from the practice of medicine. John Singer Sargent was born in Florence and there spent his youth. He was surrounded in his home by refinement, was given a good classical and modern education, and got his start as an artist In Florence, where nil around him was dignity and beauty, in its galleries and in its streets. At the age of eighteen he went to Paris to become the pupil of Carolus Duran. He begun at once to absorb his master. At the age of twenty-three he painted n portrait of him, which showed that he had made Duran’s mastery hi own. HU first visit to the United State- was when he was twenty year of age. Paris or London has uiways been bis home. Later he visited Madrid and came di-lectly under Velasquez. Finally through the ln-f.uence of his teacher when a boy in Florence, t nd through the influence of Carolus Duran and Vrlonqucx he fashioned u style very much hit own, attaining great success. In everything he ttudied, he could see a picture. Among his very-fine portrait paintings are Joseph Jefferson, Ellen Terry as Lady Mncheth, Secretary Hoy tvnd Theodore Roosevelt. William Thorne, a resident of Delavan. also a recognized American portrait painter, is an intimate friend of Sargent and in his studio hangs a portrait of himself, which is the work of John Linger Sargent. Many of Sargent’s pictures are exhibited in the Boston Public Library. He ranks as the foremost portrait painter of his day. Most American children are familiar with Athenasum Portrait of George Washington yet probably very few know the name of the artist, Gilbert Stuart. Shortly befor his birth, which was in 1766 hU father, a native of Scotland, moved to N’arraganset, Rhode Island. He ia ordinarily spoken of as the first of American masters of painting. HU mother taught him in English, while the Rev. Mr. Bissert instructed him in Latin. He seemed to have been quick at learning but did not care to study, being of a mischievous nature and addicted to drawing. One day when Dr. William Hunter was paying a professional visit to the family, he noticed the boy’s sketches. Later the kind physician presented Stuart with a box of paints and brushes. In after years he looked back to thU day with thanksgiving. At the age of thirteen he painted portraits of Mr. and Mrs. John Bannister. A Scotch painter, Cosmo Alexander, became much interested in Stuart. After teaching him for a time, he took him to Scotland. Owing to hU death Stuart was obliged to return to the United State . Hi portraits show his admiration of the robuct physical qualities and the strong mental and moral character. In 1765 he again set out for England. After suffering much privation, he mustered up enough courage to make a call upon his country man, Benjamin West. The young man’s demeanour pleased West, so he invited him to bring his work for inspection. He admitted him as a pupil and for eight years he was in West’s studio. Fame came immediately. While in England, he painted the portraits of Benjamin West. LouU XVI, the Prince of Wales, and several other notable characters. Great eagerness to paint George Washington brought him back to the United States in 17 J2. Two years later he went to Philadelphia, where Congress was in session. He established a studio in that city. He painted three portraits of Washington from life. The first was destroyed by the artist because it was unsatisfactory. The second now hangs in London. The third, against Washington's own desire, was done to please hU wife and was left intentionally unfinished. It was purchased from Stuart’s widow and presented to the Boston Athenaeum. It now hangs in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. He said that he worked to express sentiment, grace and character and in Washington he found all three. He is not n painter of great pictures but of some he holds a dignified position and is in the line of great portraits. In the history of American Art great American Artists. As 1 have mentioned before, there is not space enough for me to tell but little about these artists whose works have shown that art in America ha been established and it may not be long before American art will be universally recognised. CALENDAR OF OUR LAST YEAR Sept. 8 Everyone is hnppy to be back nt school. There ore many new faces. Many ini- Croveinents have been made in -.he uildings and on the grounds. Sept. 9 Classes begin. Mr. Gant i the now high school teachor. .Minn Glen ore William la our new tleld-worker. Sept. 14 Marvin Rood, Robert Morgen, and Leona Austin atop to visit us on .lioir way to Gallaudet. We have eight student at Gnllnudet this year. Sopt. 15 Blue Birds picnic at the Springs. Sept. 25 Mr. Brnv left for Colorado Springs to attend the convention of superim tcr dents ami principal of school' for the deaf. Sept. 27 The Camp Fire Girl initiated the new member and enjoyed a long hike. Sept. 28 The Badgers enjoyed a long hike out the Janesville road and then toward Richmond. Oct. 12 Senior girls enjoyed a canoe trip up Turtle Creek with Mr. Bray and Mi Hanson. The weather was ideal and nfter paddling six mile , all went a-shore and enjoyed several new game before they returned. Oct. 12 Badger hiked to Mr. Holland's training wtable where they saw hi horse do tricks. Oct. 18 Homecominu football game with the Minnesota School for the Deaf. Homecoming dance in the evening with an unusually large number of alumni back to renew old acquaintances. Nov. 1 Hallowe'en party and masquerade. Space does not permit a description of the varied and clever costumes, but the honors were carried off by a realistic goose which was made by John Poplowaki out of burlap, wood and cloth. Nov. 8 The Bov Scout enjoyed a trip to Madison and saw the University of Wisconsin and South Dakota game a guest of the Athletic Department of the State University. They met Captain Guntcnbcin and shook hand with him. Oct. 29 Mr. Holland, of the famous family of bareback riders and acrobats, entertained the Blue Bird by huving one of his trick horse perform for them nt hi home. Nov. 11 The Blue Birds gave a ploy in the chapel and entertained the Badgers. Nov. 27 Many girls and boy went home for Thanksgiving, hut those who remained enjoyed n fino dinner and a very nice party in the evening. Dec. 0 Walworth County Teachers' Association met in the auditorium. Dec. 10 All enjoyed Miss Hanson's talk on the life of Thomas Hopkins Gnllnudet. Dec. 10 The first job was run off on the new cylinder press which la a fine addition to the equipment of our printing department. Dec. 17 Senior and Junior girls gave a fine ban- quet in the Domestic Science rooms for the football boys. Mr. Nvesain. their coach, and Superintendent Bray. Dec. 28 Many girls and boys went home for the holiday . Those who remained here enjoyed several parties and entertainments. Jan. I Everyone waa prompt in returning. Miss Esther Brockmann returned from her vacation os Mrs. Elmer Kiessling. Jan. 10 Mr. Bray returned from California where he hud spent several weeks with Mrs. Bray, whom he found in much better health. Jan. 20 Mid-year examinations. Everybody is — 23 busy. Jan 23 Camp Fire toboggan frolic and feed. Feb. 12 Mr. Williams gave u very interesting talk about Lincoln. Feb. 13 Boy Scout attend rally in Beloit. Our troop won second place In troop inspection. Feb. 1 1 Valentine Party. Feb. 22 A splendid patriotic program. Feb. 26 Blue Bird were invited to u tea at Mrs. Fowler' home. Fob. 28 Ariadnu Literary Society staged n play Jeanne I)’ Arc, for which they deserve much credit. The girls earned $15 which they sent to Washington, D. C., for the 0. W. L. S. Scholarship Fund. They have the honor of being the first group of school girl to contribute to this fund. Mar. 13 Camp Fire birthday party. Mar. 19 Central State Basketball Tournament — 20 Illinois, Wisconsin and Indiana finished — 21 in a triple tic—four games won and one lost—but on u percentage basis Illinois was given first plnce and Wisconsin second. Mar. 27 Boy Scouts' basketball tournament. — 28 Flying Eagle patrol won ail their games Apr. 10 The best Gymnasium Exhibition and — 11 Style Show ever. Apr. 17 Related Art picnic nt the Springs. May 8 Junior Prom was a great success in every way. May 8 Arbor Day program. May 8 C-arap Fire Girl enjoyed an outing at I-akc Delavan with Mrs. Crosby and Miss Hobart an chaperones. Mr. Cameron and Mr. Kastner camped In spite of the rain everyone had a good time. May 15 Senior picnic at the State Park near Kocktnu. A lovely afternoon, delightfully iipcnt on the bank of the Rock River near the ruins of an old trading post. May 20 College examination . Plenty of ex- 21—22 citcmcnt for the Seniors. May 30 Decoration Day. Parade in the morning, a picnic dinner out-of-doors, and a field meet in the afternoon in which all took part. May 31 Senior banquet—last but not least. rmt row - KHfliix.il. is. Xlmhf. C- � i; KinWrfrr. nr; Nofoxk. r; H r� .k, I«: 0..I.1 . rt: lle rr. Ir. V. J. Stttm. Casck t. K. Orsy. Shj... row—JriiMik kb; kk; fttttowstt. b; U«ir� . qS; HttCmsn. kb; KrklkoviU; Foke� Itxk m - R « «Ulr; Mrafifr; Kiit� «mki; Kaointr. A..ut� ni Coxh. OmUky, Ilinlrrman: OrnJon OUR LAST YEAR OF ATHLETIC COMPETITION Football Scores Sept. 20 W. S. D. 0 Alumni 0 Oct. IK W. S. D. 32 Minnesota School . (Homecominjf Game) . 0 Sept. 27 W. S. D- 19 Rvunsvillo Q Oct. 25 W. S. I). 45 Clinton . 0 Oct. 4 W. S. D. 12 Woodstock. 111. 0 Nor. 1 W. S. D. 53 McHenry. 111. HiKh . 0 Oct. 11 W. S. D. 37 Wnukenha Industrial 0 Nov. 15 W. S. D. 0 Illinois School . .. 46 O 5 w. s. I). 8 Basketball Scores Whitewater C. H. . 9 Jan. 23 W. S. 1). 40 Clinton 16 It 12 w s. D. 1 1 Beloit Vocationul . 18 • 31 W. S. D. 19 St Mary' 10 •� 19 w. s. D. 33 St. Mary‘a 15 Feb. 7 W. S. D. 41 N. W. Military Ac. 14 • 20 w. s. I). 12 Illtnoia School ... 19 IS W. S. D. 21 St. Thomas 27 .. 23 w. s. 1 . 12 McHenry High — 17 ” 20 W. S. D. 21 Beloit Reds 9 Jan. U w. s. I). 14 St. Thomas 30 ” 27 W. S. I). 25 Delavan Hiffha . .. 26 10 w. s. r� . 11 Whitewater C. H. . 14 Mar. II w. s. 1). 28 Williams Bay H. S. 11 •« 1(1 w. s. r . 14 Beloit Vocational 15 IS w. s. D. 27 Beloit Reds ..... 25 II 18 w. s. n. 13 N. W. Military Ac. 16 March 19 20. 21 Tournament. Jacksonville, 111. CLASS WILL and TESTAMENT We. the class of 1931, being about to pass out of this institution of learning, and In full possession of our wits, do make this Inst will and testament. Thin will make null and void any or all other wills made by us to our fellow students. Richard Davies leaves his extra weight to Harry' Lewis. Dorothy Kay leaven her, Oh. My Gosh! to Lawrence Dongle, and her love for candy to John Grady. Arlene Purucker wills her quiet ways to Donald Cone, and her good hnnd-writing to Leroy Einberger. Loretta Oryall wills her grin to John Bieder-mnnn. and her extra phrases to Prank Rutowski. I.eo Ragsdale presents his heavy, black beard to Alden Knvn, and his height to Helen (juitney. Anthony Nogosck leaves his tact to Edward Austin. Byno Goll presents his ambition to Lawrence La Pave. Elisabeth Oakland leaves her madonna-like look to Viola Hansen. Irene Einberger leaves her solemn look to John Grady. Karris Kiender leaves his success with the girls to John Kuglitsch. •0Q0 • o o o SYLVIA SHADD Milwaukee. Wisconsin Cotton pajamas ADELINE MALM Madison, Wisconsin Taffata party dress CARICATURES OF THE CLASS Drawn by Loo Ra?xdale Etched by Richard Davies Iron Einberger Irene, secretary of the irrnduntinir class, is one of the best customers of the Wrijtley Gum Company. Anthony No o� ek Anthony is valedictorian and president of the claw. He has been a handy man in all sports. Richard Davie Richard is known among the students ns “Senator. Dorothy Kay Dorothy eats almost as much candy n, John Grady. Farri Kienxier Farris, a brawny lad, who captained our football team and work for The Dclavan Enterprise. Loretta Oryall Lorctto i the baby of the cIukr. but ia n wide render. Leo Ragsdale Loo. « talkative boy. hi hobbies nr® boxing and art. Elizabeth Oakland Elisabeth, vice president of the senior class, la one of the best dross makers in this school. Byno Coll Byno, the snlutnlorian. is known ns Slow Motion, but he Beta there. Arlene Puraeker Arlene seems to be think in about some one all the time. MEMORIES OF SCHOOLMATES