Winchester School - Oui Dire Yearbook (Pittsburgh, PA)

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U U I l satan 4, I rect of mind, 'think of all this? For centuries the Indian has been our creditor. XVe have enriched our language and our literature with his words, his romance. his tragedy and his heroism. We have made ourselves his neighbors. Can we evade a neighbors obligation? The solution of this Indian I'roblem is edu- cation and that Christian education applied con- tinuously and persistently. There are in the United States, exclusive of Alaska, 330,639 Indians, according to the latest reports. Okla- homa leads with an Indian population of tt7,27.t. Delaware is last in the list, having but tive ac- cording to reports. Of course, many degrees or steps in civilization are represented. Some are barely removed from barbarismi others are highly civilizedi still others are on middle ground. Certain things must be done to help the Indian in the onward march of civilization, or he will be trampled under foot and left be- hind. In order that the general educational work may bring the greatest possible results, there are a few details yet to be worked out. In the first place, tribal life must vanish. In 1987 Congress passed a bill known as the Dawes Bill, which provided for allotment to individual Indians of Indian lands held in common. The independ- ence of individual ownership is absolutely essen- tial for the best development of any individual. In the second place, there must be an improve- ment of the Indian's health and home, Accord- ing to the Indian Bureau, about 25,000 Indians are suffering from tuberculosis. It is also esti- mated that more than 60,000 Indians in the United States are suffering from trachoma. Thousands of Indians live in mud lodges, tepees, or wikiups, while others live on dirt floors and under the most terrible unsanitary conditions. Therefore the improvement of the housing and homes of the Indians is one of the most impor- tant features of the work. In the third place the government must build and operate etiicient edu- cational institutions, The work of these schools is of the greatest importance in the uplift, edu- cation and Christianization of the Indians of this country. In the fourth and last place, the Indian must be conserved. Land, forests, and minerals must be preserved, but only for the development of all that is best in the owners of such property. Then Christian education must be given lirst place. Teachers are needed in the Indian Service, men and women with enthusiasm and with svm- pathy. It has been said that the true teacher is an inspirer, and teaches his pupils to want some- thing, This is what we must teach the Indian, to want something, Xte should control less and should help more l'atcrnalism must change to fraternalism, There are no means bv which an Indian can be made to do anything, but there are many means by which he can be led, Rl,lt.Kl.'1o. A DAY IN YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. liarly on Saturday morning nine coaches left l,ittle tieyscr Inn, planning to reach 4 Fld Faithful Inn the same evening. The sun had just risen on a day that promised to be beautiful and birds were everywhere singing their happy songs of greeting to the morning. .-X wooded hill rose on one side of the road and on the other side stretched green meadows, marked here and there by small, clear mtwuntain-streams. llefore us were the mountains themselves, their peaks white with the snows of many winters. In our coach were three young school teachers, who spent most of their time eating chocolates, and a young bride and husband, who were so in- tensely interested in each other that they certainly were not aware of the presence of any of the rest of us. There was also an elderly lady, evidently accustonied to having everything arranged for her own convenience, for she complained contin- ually of the thick white alkali dust which filled our eyes and throats. as if it lay in our power to get rid of it. My father, and mother, several gentlemen, and I, completed the party in our stage-coach. After riding for about three hours. our coach and the coach just behind us stopped at I.one Star tleyser. This geyser does not erupt at reg- ular intervals, but we had the very good fortune to see it in action. A great mass of boiling water shot up in a solitary column to a height of nearly two hundred feet. lt made a thundering roar and filled the air with a thick warm vapor. Then, al- niost as quickly as the water had risen, it fell back again into its cone-shaped basin. lVe had dropped several miles behind the other stages to see the Lone Star, so the drivers were urging their horses forward at their best speed in order to make up lost time. lYe were then driv- ing along a lonely stretch of road shut in on either side by deep forests. Suddenly our coach stopped with a jerk. A masked man, carrying a great revolver which he pointed at us, stepped in-to the stage and calmly said, l'lands Cp. Most of the passengers, thoroughly frightened. put their hands up without hesitation, but others

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,to OUT- DIRE the ball with a pat and a kiss, for both he and his wife considered it his duty to be there as one of the leading' citizens. .Xs she watched the carriage roll down the drive into the dark- ness, ,Xunt llargaretta blinked hard. She was not too old lim be greatly disappointed. Xkhen she had shut the door on the cool spring night she went into the candle-lit drawing' room and. picking' up a book, resigned herself to a dull and lonely evening, In the meantime, the judge called for Lafay- ette and escorted him to the ball, XYhat a gorgeous spectacle it was! The ladies and gen- tlemen were dressed in the gayest of silks and satins, looking like a flock of brightly plttm- aged birds, and the hall itself was decorated with flowers and wreaths, .-Xt one end was the lirench Hag, and at the other, the new Ameri- can one. Lafayette, after paying his respects to the ladies present, asked the judge where Klrs. Iirown was, for he had expected to see her in the receiving line. I-Ier husband explain- ed that she felt that her conscience would not allow her to attend a dance. In that case, receive me at her said Lafayette, would she home The judge was by no means doubtful ' ' ' ' see Lafayette, and of his wifes willingness to so together they slipped away from the ball. Imagine the surprise and delight of .Xunt Margaretta when. a short time later, the bell tang and the Marquis de Lafayette was an- nounced! The three spent a long' evening' talk- ing' together, and, though the ball may have been delightful in spite of the absence of the guest of honor, I am sure that himself more than that same my aunt, and her husband. no one enjoyed guest of honor, gk. lx., IU OUR REALIZATION OF PROBLEM. THE INDIAN Last year, during the latter part of August, father, mother and I took a motor trip through New York state, As the weather was beauti- ful and the roads excellent, our trip proved to be a very lovely one. Hn either side of the road stretched miles and miles of well-tended vineyards, broken here and there by fields of wheat, corn, and buckwheat. Swarms of bees were buzzing in the fields and the sweet smell of the buckwheat was wztfted through the air. Ifinally this scene of abundance and wealth was changed. Un either side of the road now stretched fields, desolate and untilled. XYC were amazed at this sudden change and wondered why these acres and acres of good gTOL1HCl had been thus left, untilled. Soon we came to a lit- tle Indian village. Here we stopped a few minutes to study more carefully the pitiable sight which lay before us. It may well be called pitiable when one thinks, on the one hand, of the Indians of long ago, the cordial welcomers of our forefathers landing on this continent, and then, on the other hand, sees the Indian of to- day, deceived, robbed in commercial transactions, and gradually driven from home either by force or by treaties, which we must acknowledge to our shame, have been repeatedly disregarded. This village consisted of about ten wretched shanties, built side by side in a straight row. Their dilapidation was terrible, The windows, of which there were few, were mostly broken. leaned to one side and looked as if with one would tumble to pieces. be empty except for the In fact, the shanties so were so infirm, that it strong gust of wind' they Inside, they appeared to dirt and filth. The yards were filled with tin cans and rubbish heaps. The Indians. of whom there were about fifty. seemed to be in the same dreadful condition as their homes. The men were poorly clad in citizens' clothing, consumptive 1 the women, igno- rant, nntidy: the children, scrawny, sickly, dirty and half-naked. Their idleness and slothfulness was only too apparent. The men sat on the rickety doorsteps smoking their pipes, while the women stood, lazily talking or scolding their children, who were playing in the dirty yards with a few thin, hungry looking dogs. Except for the children there seemed to be practically no life in the village. When we had seen all that we wished to see, we returned to the machine and continued our journey. Soon we had left the Indian colony far behind and vineyards again stretched before our eyes. Ilut we could not forget the Indians and their wretched homes. How could we! :Xl- though twenty decades have passed since our civilization first reached this continent, hundreds -yes, thousands-of Indians are still living in ignorance and superstition. XYe now realized that this fact constitutes the Indian Problem. That the Indian is confused in mind as to his status and very much at sea as to our purpose toward him is not surprising. Treated as an enemy at first, overcome, driven from his lands, given by a treaty a distinct boundary which was never to be changed while water runs and grass grows, he later found himself pushed beyond that boundry, negotiated with, and then set down upon a reservation, half captive: half protege. XVhat could an Indian, simple thinking and di- S xfk..-aa-lail

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4, QUI-DIRE serfinihled ln get their Yzilunhles out nf sight, and iniineflinlelx' the 1'exwflx'e1' seemed to he turned fli- ieellx' nplni exch fine nf them. lle held his pistol against his vietimnk hm-lieznl until he had shelled Hin. lfiwnn nn' fnllier, :nnwng nlhel' Cflllli he Hlilziimwl :1 Senlvli hzllf peiiny. ,l'l2llllCl' had em'- 1-ledrln-en1qie1'pieee flq1'1i1:111yye111's.Qilllingilhis lnelw peinn. :ind wus w1'1'v lu lnse it. The Wfulig n-glqligl-QI1iilflly.,He1'erl the thief elwewlzites, which he :icvepn-il, hut nevertheless insisted upon hm'- ing their rings :is well. 'llhe man went tlirongh the lwn eonelies in this inzlnner, :ind then fluiclv ly jinnping' frmn the vehicle was :it once enm- plelelx' lust tn view in the dense wmmd. Alter fl sliwrt pause at fl Park llllllllll eznnp funn which swldiers were sent ln pursue the han! dit, we jnnrneyerl nn :ind reneherl llld lfziithfnl :lt fnni' ffelweli. We went l1llll1ClllfllCly tw see the geyser, even hefwre giving in the lnn. We were L'S1lCL'lIlllj' interested in its hnsin which h:1d lmeen Lffilllllllllj' f4ll'lllC1l hy the x':n'i-Ins llllllCl'fll Sllll- slzlnees rlepnsitwl hy the water, Xlwst uf the llllslll is .if ll pure while SUllSlZlllCC hut rnvvunfl the wp :lnrl 'in une side ure lwznids nf hrighl yellow. green, find pnvple, 'lihe wider itself is 21 elezn' lvlue :ind cnntinnully hniling. This geyser de- serves its nznne fin' it erupts 1'egulz11'ly eve1'ylmL11', slmntiiig up flhnut El hundrefl 211111 twenty-live feet intn the :Lili XYe twink nur wily lnwzml the lnn, which is Z1 inznnnifwlh lng ezihin, furnished lliiwiiglifmt in El luxurinus ezlhin style with rustic furniture :ind llnin-s wweiwl with hriglil lnrlizln hlznilccls. Hnee inside we 2111 gzltliered :nvwnnrl the great when Fire- plnce In ziwzmil the snlrliers. They slum :11'1'ivefl :ind lzlifl hefnre ns Ylll'll1llS articles which the mh- luei' had thi'-vwn ziwziy :ls nf nn Vnlne tn him, .hlllllllg these things my fzlllier lnunrl his lucky penny. We went In sleep that night quite enntenl with Uni' day since we hull seen many unusual and hezlntiful sights und gilsn heezlnse we were the nnh' pe'-ple whn had 112111 the linnnr nf heing held np in Yellnwstwiie ljnrlc f4ll'1rYCl'l1Illl 11 eenlurv. C. XI.'16.' THE FEAST OF THE LANTERNS. The lllllflllllglll lily in SllX'L'l'5' hzws :iuimss Nlir- mlfil- H -1 A A .. XL. lln deep hlne slxx xx.1s Llnndless :ind sluddul with gnlrlen stars. ,The luke itself, nl- wiiys pezxeeful :md ezmlm, was ns sxnuulli ns glass. lwnilfling lights shnwefl the lneutirm of the village :ind the sunnnei' villages. while, on the rwlln-1' Flll4il'CS nf the Inlfe, the trees which grew elfise ln the edge mst dznrlc :ind grotesque shadows over the waters. It was the night of the Feast of the Lanterns. Every available Canoe and rowhoat was decor- ated with brightly colored japanese lanterns, In color, the lanteriis were gay reds, bright blues, :und gaudy yellows and greens. In shape, they were square, hexagonal, round, 01' oblong. On son1e,lieree dragons rushed about, on others, fair ladies blinked wonderingly at the light, and nn still others. weird flowers, never seen in any gzmlen, spread themselves over the surface. livery hoatman vied with every other one to make his boat the most beautiful. XYhen all was ready, the leader skimmed out over the writer. amidst the applause and delighted chorus of ohs and alms of the crowd which had gzitliered on shore. The canoe had been lmimerl white, inside and out. :Xt the how and the stern, white hireh poles had been put up and hetween them ll wife coverecl with white was loosely strung. llllflj white lanterns were hung on the wire and came down low over the boat. .Xs it ilitted over the water it looked like a grace- ful swan. Slowly, the others with their Hielcering lights nnwed out from the shore. The long procession nf walter-crzlft wound about the lake. Mirror Luke, true to its name, pictured the parade, as it glided in and out like Z1 serpent in the grass. After the circuit had been completed, a huge lJHlll'll'C was lighted on one of the points which juls out into the water. As it Hamed sliyward the crowded hoats gzmtliered around it. Soon the :mir was ringing with the notes of college slings, and old songs fznnilinr to everyone, such ns, .Xuld Lang Synef' My Bonnie Lies Over the Ucezxnf' and UhYllCl'C and U XYhere is your llighlzlnd Lznldie Gone? ln order to make the scene even inure lovely, the waiter was turned on nl Zl llyllllllll which was situated hetween the tire and the singers, The strezun was thrown high into the :nr and on coming down formed a misty enrtziin through which the Hames glowed Z1 dull red. The emwrl nn shore melted away and one by one the cnnnes slipped from sight into the darli- ness of the lmzitliouses. The music faded into nnthingness. The Hre died clown und tinally Xli1'1'o1' l.zd4e wus left :done with the moonlight :ind the stars to meditate on what they had seen. l l'he lfezist of the l.:lnte1'ns was over for an- other year. M. F. 'I6. SNAP-SHOTS AT A COUNTY FAIR. It was n clear hlue October day: the time of the year when heaps of red apples lie on the N