Wayne State University School of Medicine - Yearbook (Detroit, MI)

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DEPARTME T V X. . img CJPHTHALMQLGGY Albert D. Rueclcmann, Chairman 3, I 'fi SITTING: Albert D. Ruedemann, jr., James Frey. BACK ROW: Robert Crossen, Frederick A. Lauppe, H, Saul Sugar, Albert D. Ruedemann, Lester E. McCullough, Windsor S. Davies.

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JIQQG fi ufkx gi We 'Qi' far fffflf W 1 - .J a'f:. 4, ,IL If Z :Z-IV.. s . J' 5- ua t ' ' A if 41 - JI ' . 955 -5 'fe 'f- ,I , .. 3 -ggi, ' 1 -f-7' , it.,,,.,:r, 'xx . ' ' ' ' -11-,., 2 733' .. fly: x Nh 5:55 'w.l.,,. N v Emir: if fm' if ' ' ' 'lille 1-.3z'll'l' ' rlr'.1112'r:-ggi... en, -f ,fir '-I-1 W.: Z ' 1 f f1:r:2f1::f 1-,: 'l' , X . V-g.Ji-1tft'Q:t'ilt'i . ' . tngyqtlzful ., If W f t if 1 Q . 'l Thr-:B x h Amputation of the breast for cancer as described by Purmann. eq A 0fCrmcer, which rhcrGrcekcs 'cal- .lcd Eminem. ' ltbougb that Cancer bee rnmpgebemten miner the ' 'fchitrnus humnge, get there is great, nitteremezfne Cancer is a barn tumog, tuunu, unequall, imfb 9910111590011 tion ann pulfation : it grntneib fontter flldtl Schtr, atihlbaflp great bainee about it, tumideu ani: Tmellen, full nt' melaltf thnlicke blno5, ann hath refrtt being pgeit upnn. gt is fame: time taken Eng, theme ofa beatt, ann ie fallen Cancer, be: saute it Iticketty fait fn the partae both the sttfrabbeffilb ta that tubitbtt taketh both sugars alto tbebaines tnhidi are-af hautsare like unto tttrabsfeet. gt is nfcnlnnr-libine nz blacks, barn, ann rnugb,eating,gnatning, ann gning, like untn the Grabberifb The Bettmann Archive Cancer is as old as multicellular life. Prehistoric skulls from Peru show signs of metastatic melanoma, and Moses punished the Egyptians with soot or chimney sweep's canccr : . . . take soot from a furnace . . . and cause festcring boils on man and beast . . . fExodus lX, 8-95. Egyptians treated tumors with arsenic. This oldest cancer remedy, described on Eber's papyrus, is still used by some hematologists. Greeks hoped to cure cancer by excising all its crab-like roots but were stopped by Galcn's dogma that tumors are only local signs of systemic melancholia Cblack bilej. Much later john Hunter, by teaching that Ncoagulated lymphi' causes tumors, and demanding excision of regional lymph nodes, introduced rational cancer surgery. Leeuwenhoelos microscope and Virchowis cellular pathology changed cancer back from a systemic disease to a clump of proliferating cells. Percival Pott redis- covered the chimney sweepis cancer, and in 1914 Yamagiwa and Ichikawa repeated on rabbits what Moses had done on Egyptians. Slye's studies on genetics of cancer susceptibility and viral disease, which produced cancer in Peyton Rous' chickens, brought back Galen's concept of locally in- curable, biologically predetermined cancer. New ap- proaches to therapy had to follow. Hormone influence on tumors, recognized by Beatson, and proven by Huggins, led to the reintroduction of rational systemic cancer therapy. Moses and Rous, Galen and Huggins cooperated to identify the local Hfestering boili, induced by Hsoot of furnaces with the spreading crabi' of a patient with Hdisturbed humorsf' Man looked at many trees to see one forest. 47

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' 1 I r i J V J ?C'T- --nr, -w . ,J-'it -'fff .. - 3 - n 1' 1 i. -uL:':1.'.s' 1...'1. ..f-.tu 1 ' ,mt .,, uw N .R .1 -4 . ' . V. 4 I. -,. .. E. 44 u . rx, H b 3 ,' V' ' .lm .L, ,, ,,1, ., . A - --V ,- 1 , V , ,Q . iM,-1, g 2 A if-T 173, A , QQ, yt .1:'Jf'. Y 'Li '. .'t'g1, g'ff2: ', ,.ii'f Wills i-A 1 'l sfil t'l'llilill.Xl.NlHNt Hl'lt The Bctlmann Archive Ophlhalmoscope operated by using light from an oil lamp, 1876. Ever since man began to live in an organized manner references have been found concerning care and regard for the eyes. Recorded history shows that before 2500 B.C. some laws had been established about legal respon- sibility. This took place under the code of Hammurabi, a king ruling during this era, and referred to the care or lack of care in relation to the slaves. War and infection, slaves and captives, inflammation, neglect or lack of knowledge, plus trauma gave ophthal- mology a place in ancient thinking. The loss of sight was costly to anyone even in the days when life had very little value. During the Bronze Age in the Assyria-Babylon area, the people were evolving a method of eye care. Some surgical procedures were developed to relieve pain and remove eyes that had become hideous through lack of knowledge and care. Eyes, the center ofoncs appearance and most often the personality trigger, were subject to early surgery and treatment. The early priest-doctors had many incanta- tions for eyes. The transition in the records regarding the eye of Horus carries the ancient symbol, Rx, to the present day. The earliest papyri found by Ebers showed many references to the eyes. Trachoma, an ancient well known disease of filth and bugs with its early blinding effect, late scarring, and discomfort found a place in early history. The discomfort of ingrowing eye lashes, the scars, tear- ing, photophobia, and pain were all sufficient to cause early recognition and treatment. Later cataracts and attempts at their cure took place. This, associated with the discovery of magnifying mate- rials-from which spectacles could be made, along with more progressive thinking on relief of pain, led to at- tempts at restoration of vision for life itself depended on eye sight. This made ophthalmology a moving living specialty. With the advent of reading and learning there is today an even greater need for this trained and learned man in medicine. 49