Wayne State University School of Medicine - Yearbook (Detroit, MI)

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DEPART IE T A ATOMY Clement A. Fox, Chairman FIRST ROW: Gordon H, Scott, Clement A. Fox, Ernest Gardner, Dean Millmzm, .jose M. Cenis- Galvez, Nicholas Mizeres. SECOND ROW: Maurice H. Bernstein, Gabriel W. Lasker, Stephen 'l'. Kimi, David B. Meyer, Gerald A. Moore, Morris Goodman, Rene Archzimhault. 'l'HlRl,Y ROW: Donald R. Temple, William Matthews, Wlarrcn Schneider, l-larry Maisel, Walther W. Lipp, Arthur M. Hamparian.

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The Beltmann Archive Andreas Vesalius H514-15641, Flemish anatomist at work. The earliest recorded anatomical observations were accomplished by the ancient Greeks in the 3rd, 4th and Sth centuries B.C. Alcmaeon of Croton, I-Iippocrates, Aristotle, and Herophilus were some of the most famous names. Approximately 500 years later C200 A.D.j Galen's works became the bible of anatomy until the 16th cen- tury when Andreas Vcsalius 11514-15641 finally refuted many of Calen's observations which were not based on human studies. In the 13th or 14th century, Mondino de' Luzzi performed the first public human dissection at Bologna fl3l5J, although the earliest human dissection was probably done in the 5th century B.C. In addition to the classic work of Vcsalius' l'De humani corporis fab- rica other outstanding anatomical works were done by Leonardo da Vinci, liustachi, Fallopio, Columbus, jacobius Sylvius, Zacharias Jansen Ccompound micro- scopej and others, ln the 17th and 18th century, William Harvey gave a physiological orientation to anatomy. The first recorded human dissection in America took place in Massachusetts H6381 Other eminent anatomists ini eluded Marcello Malpighi fmicroscopic anatomyD, Morgagni Qpathological anatomyj, Caspar Wolff fem- bryologyj and John Hunter fdental anatomyj. ln the 19th century the first anatomical act C1831, Massachu- settsj was passed which permitted the use of the un- claimed body for dissection. Instruments, such as the stethoscope, laryngoscope, ophthalmoscope and bron- choscope were invented and enhanced the study of living anatomy. Formalin was used as a fixative in 1890. Organic evolution as a principle in biology was pro- posed, including the cell theory. Eminent anatomists at this time included Cuvier, Meckel, Cooper, Baer, His and Roux. Neurohistology was securely established by Ramon Y. Cajal C1852-19343 who was awarded the Nobel Prize. The major advance in the 20th century was the devel- opment of the electron microscope. The earliest electron microscope in America was developed by Dr. Gordon H. Scott, Vice President for Medical School Development. The use of this instrument enhanced and securely estab- lished ultrastructure as a study which is now helping to correlate anatomy with many other fields of study, such as physiology, pathology, medicine, biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, histochemistry, etc. Hope- fully this will help in solving our many problems of human disease. 121