Wake Forest School of Medicine - Gray Matter Yearbook (Winston Salem, NC)

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Clinical Medicine The clinical medicine of the present day developed in the second half of the nine- teenth century as a result of the progress in histology, pathology, and pharmacology. The integration of laboratory results and clinical observation contributed greatly to diagnostic knowledge. Of major impor- tance was the discovery that infectious dis- eases are caused by microorganisms. From the new science of bacteriology scientific medicine developed to achieve its present standing. The tremendous progress of surgery dur- ing the nineteenth century can be attrib- uted to anesthesia, asepsis and localistic pathological anatomy. The famous trial op- eration with ether was demonstrated by William Morton in Massachusetts General Hospital on October 16, 1846. Two decades later the last of the great Quaker physi- cians, joseph Lister, tackled the problem of wound infection with carbolic acid. An- tisepsis and asepsis rejuvinated surgery entirely and transformed the gangrenous surgical wards into a better prognostic perspective. The United States also contrib- uted several outstanding gynecological surgeons, including Sims, Emmett, and the Atlee brothers. The first ovariotomy was carried out in the frontier backwoods of Kentucky by Ephraim McDowell in 1809. Technical improvements and inventions contributed considerably to the rapid ad- vance of medicine. 12 'Ss

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Q, 'T' 7' it 3'i ' ' . . :J are A rw- ,- ' - Pi ,fer l .' ' .. X 5,, 6 tg 4 ' .V co LJ i T I J 1. i. 5 . ,i r 'T A vw- 'Tr . Q . .M Favorite Pastimes Throughout American history physicians have excelled as athletes, authors, historians and in numerous other areas outside the medical realm, Soccer and golf were two of the more popular games played among doctors dur- ing the lSOO's. Tennis in this coun- try was originally played only by lawyers, doctors and merchants. The father of American tennis was Dr. flames Dwight, a Boston physician, Dr. Dwight helped es- tablish the US, National Lawn Tennis Association of which he served as president for 21 years. Dr. Dwight also organized the first Davis Cup competition. Another creditable tennis player, the neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing, also found fun and health in ten- nis. Throughout the history of Bow- man Gray, medical students and faculty have organized baseball, basketball, football and soccer teams as well as tiying and sailing clubs. Presently the faculty has a variety of activities to relieve their anxieties and frustrations and de- velop their talents, Although some of the sports have become more sophisticated, in the past thirty years the parties haven't changed at all.