Valparaiso University - Beacon / Record Yearbook (Valparaiso, IN)

Text from Pages 1 - 86 of the 1909 volume:

a PRESIDEN H. B. BROWN Si monumentum requiris, circumspice ic motto: Vaitas vos in libettatem vinbicabit .039 Officers Secretary, Clarissa E. Smith T reasurer, Hilding A. Swanson Historian, Clay W. Hockenbery . , . 0'ra-t0r, Charles C. Sherrod 44741114442: 12012716254 Charles A. Weller Toast Respondent, Charles J. Keppel Editor 0f Annual, Elmer Funkhouser a 300 foressi'onal Lmotto: Tbucatio vita 4st 4 , . a a a 4 ; Officers mhiion Curtis ' . esident, Elmer F unkhouser Seeretary, Irene V. Putnam T reasurer, Columbus C. Whisenhzmt Historian, Elsie Elizabeth Heck Orator, Henry G. T eigavn H411. Brown .Eropketess, Emma A. Coudroy T vast Respondent, Charles C. Stash Editor of Annual, M. Reece Edwards Facile pm'nceps DAVID L. MGTAGGART Classic and Professional Clarissima insignibus nobilis vitae CLARISSA E. SMITH Classic PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. DAVID L. MeTAGGART. EMBERS 0f the Class, Ladies and Gentlemen: It is the natural destiny of every man to receive successively, as continually widening Views of his own nature, the great lessons of the agents of this social environment. While yet a youth, in the home, he is taught that greatest of all lessonsethe lesson of obedience. Next as a learner, in the school, he becomes developed, his body is made the fit medium of expression for the mind, his mind the fit governor of the body, and the embodiment of rational ends in itself. Following the school he comes into the business world whose great lesson is the inter- dependence of men. Here it is that he recognizes that alone his efforts are futile, combined with others he can perform a great work. As a member of the business world he must necessarily come into contact with state and church whose fundamental, underlying ideas are those of justice and righteousness respectively. ,Tis only through these elements that one can 'come into the fullness of his growth. Only by learning their lessons and habituating his conduct to their ideas can he rise through them to the full measure of his self- consciousness. As a child, in the institution of the home, he is not himself, he must be. another, imitate others, and Obey others. He becomes himself only by sub- jeeting himself either unconsciously or with effort to others. Accompanying the adolescent period7 the youth in school develops his powers, becomes all his nature permits, and gains the sense of his individuality and independence as a man. In the business, state and church worlds during the period of manhood he must find himself in the service of others, must make himself a contributor to society and must find his self by first losing it. First obey, then become, and then contribute. These are the natural stages of self-realization. The first two of these we, as a class, have in a measure accomplished. We have learned to be obedient, and during these few short years Of school life, an epoch of development, we have become what we are, learned the meaning of life, and encountered a few of her great problems. And now as we are about to go out from this great institution of learning we are confronted with the third great questionethe question of service to our fellow beings. . Are we, as factors of society, permitted as we have been during these years to withdraw for sequestered study, to develop the best body and mind to the Victim of our great mines and sweat shops, to him Whose opportunities have not been on a par With our own '1? Has the prestige given us dissolved the bond between us and our less fortunate brother or has it sealed the bonds of sympathy and gratitude Within us? concerns themselves alone. Such have entered during these years into 110 higher realm of hope and action and finally When the end comes they have but a finer incense to offer to their former idols. They have never caught the meaning of a liberal education. If our aspirations be the highest our sympathy Will be bread. The proper pursuit of place or fortune is most laudable; it is the ideal in View that gives character to the man and to his work; if place and fortune do not sway him, if they are made the means of Wider service they themselves become holy most dreadful curse t0 the self. Our earliest ideal is that of power; acquisition seems greater than self- denial, strife greater than love. This is all very well for a timefwe are yet in the period of infancy. Development is but working out its destiny. Some- one has said: tt Egoism is the armour of growth. True this may be, but woe unto him to Whom this protecting shell becomes a prison. It must be destroyed. T0 every strong spirit there comes a time When it must burst from the servitude of self; must rise into the realm of devotion. It is the evolution of true greatness and from that moment conquest Withers into Nor is the reward of service a thing of the past entirely. Its highest recompense is here in the living present. Every worthy ambition is sane- tioned by a generous purpose. Aye more, it is heightened and intensified. The feeling pervading all great work is the feeling of utter forgetfulness of self. Never has a great masterpiece been produced With a prevailing self- eonseious feeling. It is that same sublime losing of self in the higher Which we iind in all lofty efforts whether of art or oratory, literature or life; in Raphael, 7tis the Transfiguration light shining upon him; in Shakespeare, 7 it His eye in a fine frenzy rolling? sinking himself in myriad types; in Webster, in' his reply to Hayne, for as he said, tt All that he had ever read, heard, or seen seemed floating before him in one vast panorama? and he had to but reach up, grasp a thunderbolt and hurl it at him. Only by grappling with a, mighty thought can one learn What lies Within his power. He must be floated out of the shallows of self 011 the tide of broad and beneficent impulse. In the future new opening to us, if our highest, linest possibilities are to be realized, if we are to know the glory of fully matured powers in the Swing of their utmost achievement, then must be this lifting out of self into that higher exaltation of devotion, that which makes possible the sublime self-forgetfulness 0f the patriot and martyr, and without which the poets inspiration itself is but an idle pleasure. It is this which made Martin Luther the moral colossus that he was, while Erasmus, his 00114 temporary, hearing the same call, sank back into the littleness of his scholastic ease. It is this which alone can save us from the barrenness of pride or self distrust of indolenee, from the unhappiness 0f strife and discontent and bear us into heights of character and achievement to which no man can struggle in unaided strength, from which all selfish purpose must eternally drag him down. The religion of humanity forgets the powerful and sublime discipline which for nineteen centuries has been developing the God in man which it would now enthrone. It plueks the fruits of Christianity and denies the tree. Whatever, my classmates, has been said of the duty of service for which we are prepared, has appealed to us because of that pure and generous atmos- phere in which consciously or unconsciously every lady and gentleman has been reared and which is itself the direct product of this discipline of the centuries. In the spirit of Him who tteame not to be ministered unto, but to min- isteiw may we grow as did Tennysons vanished friend, HNot alone in power And knowledge, but by year and hour In reverence and in charity. C. W. HOCKENBERY Classic and Professional Vultus animijanua et tabula Agitcms 0737'ch quaestiones ac pugnas cle verbis EDWARD A. ANDERSO Classic HISTORY OF CLASSIC CLASS t09. C. W. HOCKENBERY. ECORDED history is an indication of the attainments and civiliza- tion of a people. By it we are enabled to estimate their ability, to know their progress, and to see to what extent their inven- tions have bridled the forces of nature, and aided man to better adapt himself to his environment. We now see history from a standpoint differing from that, from which our ancestors saw it, and investigate it with a new interest, since we look at it from the evolutionary side; and with the keynote of progress pervading all nature we interpret all eyents as to their cause and effect, and finally we esti- mate the value of the results of each deed as to its final influence on the pro- gress or deterioration of the human race. History has attracted the attention of men from Herodotus t0 Hoover, and each succeedingP generation has seen more of the value of the understanding of it, because of the relation of the future to the past, and the excellent ideals which a history of any peorle will set before one. About ten years ago some of our present class assembled at what was then known as Valparaiso Normal School, attracted by the advertising ability of its leaders. 'Ihey seen found that it was all that was represented, and that there were many other attractive features such as the eharaeter 0f the instruc- tion and instructors. the spirit of work with which they found themselves surrounded, and the nature of the food which they received at half price. They were then in the embryonic stage of their development, and were known as Commercials 0r Preparatory students, and had as many aspirations as there were individuals; so that immediately when they had passed through this stage, a number of the tribe decided that they had reached their ideal, in spite of the constant warnings of Professors Benton, Brown, Williams and Bennett, to pass through the junior stage, the Scientific, before they started to make their record in this busy world. These started on light foundations, to specialize in Law. Pharmacy, Piano Tuning, Music, Penmanship and the like, while the others continued to lay well the foundation for their work - by proceeding with the Scientific course. They spent about one year with little or no noise, but considerable work, as Junior Seientities. They frequently found themselves confronted by problems when they investigated the assign- ments of A-square, tt Katef, or, again, they found that the Cloud was over- hanging them, and that they had their Fee to hoe. It was here that they learned how to explain most physical phenomena. by means of osmosis; the cause of the heart-beat, the evolution of man, and many other questions about the selection of a partner, choice of food, or how to explain the origin of life. After having: returned for their second year, they were called from their recesses by their adopted tt Grandpa h, and formed an organization that could 10 Semper paratus R. E. GORHAM Classic Suam'ter m modo, fortitev in 're y B. R. COOK Classic 11 by no means be ignored, since it consisted of about 120 people who were just starting to develop a conscience, though they were approaching an ideal at a rapid rate with tt Grandpa ,t steering the band wagon and B. F. bringing up the rear. After a rousing year with Swanson and Otwell as yell masters, losing the baseball pennant, defeating the lawyers in debate, and many other contests both physical and intellectual, they came out at the end of the year with one ideal in the background. At this point there was a great change: that body which had worked shoulder to shoulder with interesteor in drudgeryg decided that their preparatory education was complete, and entered the speeiai training for various duties, while others embarked on their sea of service7 some with helpmates, others with promises, and still others alone. But a small detachment of twelve of these friends determined to continue and lay well the foundation for the work they intended to do. This small clan spent their vacation in various parts of the United States until on Sept. 9, 1908, they all assembled at room 6 at 2:00 otclock at the bid of the President, and found there ready to unite with their clan, thirteen other individuals who had fasscd through the embryonic and intermediate stages of their development at other places under ditterent leaders, little realizing what they had missed here. In spite of our differences in religion, morality, freedom of the will, end of education, and the purpose of Sagerology, which is yet elective in the course, they kept eliminating differences during the year under the magic touch of their guide, though two strong and instrumental factions remained in the organization even unto the end of the year; but unfortunately for the smaller side, the relative proportion of individuals on each side seemed to be about as one to two, and consequently the election passed off one-sided in every case. At present we have become a homogeneous tribe and agree on the essential elements of a fully realized life. Our work has been quite elective, and so our class has worked in detach- ments during the year. A minority of this present Class came here naturally inclined to German, and gave vent to their feelings in that direction, thereby receiving the fatherly care of Roessler, as one could naturally deduce from the general tones of complaint of some of the members of the class from whom he had required too much, as they thought. Yet it seemed to grow better and better until the troubles had died to a whisper, and peace reigned supreme. Having observed a history of the class as a whole, the advancement that it has made, the part that remains to be told is the history of the individuals who compose it. Mr. Edward Anderson was probably the first of the members of the class to appear on the scene, and in each of the three stages of development, the embryonic, junior and senior, he has shown himself to be a man. He was chosen by the class to be toast master and filled his position with dignity and honor, thus showing to this section of the world that not all Prohibitionists 12 E886 quam mdew? J. HAMERSLEY SOUTHWICK Classic Deleclams pilam ,jauz'endo et pecuniam exigendo HlLDING A. SWANSON Classic 13 are wild all the time in their thoughts. He has demonstrated his executive ability by his management of the Prohibition league of this city, and has shown physical skill in the work he has done as Professor of Club Swinging. Mr. Bradford was admitted into the organization some time during the first term, because of the fact that he had passed through the lower stages in Yale University and came to do his postgraduate work here. He went to work with an effort considerably spurred onward by an indirect interest, and showed us that he could actually do some good work in spite of habits con- tracted at Yale. Mr. Bolstad has won a place in the estimation of the class, which might easily be envied and was unanimously chosen as the iirst President of the organization, and performed his function here, as ably as his regular student work His duties were divided somewhat, since he joined the Pharmie tribe, but yet they were done well, and showed us another example of an athlete who was a student in the true sense. Although he was unknown to some of our new members, he soon established his worth with these and retained his prese tige throughout the year. , Mr. Baldwin has attracted attention in the class because of his great number of philosophical questions, and their relation to the subjects which Were before it for discussion. He has also been a member of the Junior Law class during the year, and this fact will probably explain his genius for laying plans, his skill in dealing with people, and his terrier like quality of holding on to the issue until he makes his point. Mr. Cook has occupied his position in the class so, quietly that when he was nominated for a public office, several of the friends had to inquire from whence he came, and what his business was: but, nevertheless, he was always present and ready when wanted, and achieved a reputation for modesty, earnestness and work. Miss DeWitt has passed through all the stages of development with this class, all the time holding a record for her student habits and reserved char- acteristics which protruded so far as to attract attention. Her name has always stood out sounding the war cry against anything that was loud, as tt green t, for a class color. degrees to the names, but was frequently too weak since a great majority of her class lacked culture sufficient to aid her. Mr. Funkhouser has shown himself worthy in many ways. He thought he was a pure member of the Classic Class until the summer term when he decided to finish the P10fessi0nal course and loaded himself with quite an extensive program which he has digested even unto the end. . 1G0rhan1, a representative teacher of the tt Sunny Southf, joined the ranksI at the opening of the year, after passing through the lower stages of development in the schools of his native state. He has demonstrated beyond a doubt that his work is not a failure and is fully prepared for the study of medicine. 14 Miss Heck has shown what a Hoosier high school girl can do by the work she has done in all the stages of her mental evolution. She was elected as our first Secretary, and Historian of the Professional class, in spite of the fact that she is a great social figure, and is kept very busy in that kind of work. Mr. Hade is not very closely related to this class since he did most of his work with another, but he was with us long enough to show that he was a student and cause us to think that possibly he was specializing in Latin, but it was soon noticed that he was also a Medic and would probably specialize in that direction. He achieved a reputation as an athlete and may yet renvh distinction. Mr. Kratky joined the class in its present stage of development, and gave us some inferences with iiundisturbed middlesW from which we deduced that probably he was a social creature, because he had to practice so much self-denial to prevent going to sleep in class. Mr. Larsen was chosen as treasurer for the class and managed his affairs so well that he often reminded one of J . P. Morgan of New York City. He aided Mr. Anderson in establishing the fact that the Scandinavians are, after all, capable of development of which there is apparently no end. Mr. Keppel, a preacher from the Land of Nod, decided to steer his boat in this direction for one more year, and in spite of his many social functions, showed that many rough edges had been planed before he came, and that he was probably retraveling the path, and had passed through several stages in his development before. The class expressed their confidence by selecting hini unanimously as their Toast Respondent. Mr. Maple has been very reserved during the year, but this summer he decided to drop his Latin and Ethics and take up social functions, and he has performed them so well that there seems to be some show for the Buckeye boy at last. His work in the Natural Science shows what he can do and gives our prophet a promising field. Mr. McClure has shown the nature of a fully developed social man and has set up an ideal for the entire class, after which Gentlemen Southwick, Larsen, Gorham, Swanson and Weller are striving, and the rest seem to be looking at it askanee, and show some indications already of being old bach- elors. He served as our third Vice-President and filled his post with honors. Mr. McTaggart, the choice of the class, has remained faithful and in Spite of the fact that he had many flatterers, he remains apparently undefiled. He has cultivated many acquaintanceships, but his social horizon has been widened and it may take some time yet for him to reach his culmination along that line. Mr. Morris, the Keystone minister, has shown marked ability in the mental sciences in spite of the fact that he is finishing three courses in one year, and demonstrates that much can be done and yet done well. Miss Rosenblatt, the choice idealist of the class, was chosen to represent 15 it in the spiritual field. Her personality is strong in spite of the fact that she comes from Utah. Specializing in the languages and it struck by ideas it as she frequently is, it will be interesting to notice the resulting production and get a sample of what poetry should be. Mr. Sherrod, the orator- from the Land of Dixie, has had many troubles during the year, but in spite of it all is optimistic and has finished the legal course as well as our own, and has shown himself a natural born leader. Just one thing needed for him and that is gtto qualifyfl Mr. Southwick, the student from the Empire state, joined our class as well as the Yelocution, and has showed marked ability in all of his work in spite of the fact that he had many social duties to perform. Miss Smith has showed that she passed through several stages of develop- ment before she joined this class, and in spite of her artist has retained her good nature during the year. . Mr. Swanson, our chronic kicker, the last of the Swedes we have in our class, has held two oflices of trust and honor and has discharged each admir- ably in spite of the fact that he had to stoop down and join the herd in class scraps, until he received a physical lesson and put away childish things, and recalled himself to the exalted position, which a treasurer or editor of the Classic class should maintain; Mr. Sommer, our Viee-President, has conducted himself quite carefully during the year, and, seeing shadows of danger, he decided to stay away from the banquet held during the last term. His constancy, earnestness and ability has attracted the attention of not only the class but the school as well. Miss Summers has conducted herself so as to attract the constant atten- tion of the man who has shown marked ability in many lines of work, some of which are canvassing for Y. M. C. A. members, President of the Y. M. C. A., and Professor of German, Mr. Weller. They are both scholars and show fine judgment in their selection, probably because of the masterly way in Which Prof. Bennett presented it to them in his zoology classes. Mr. Whisenhunt, the Arkansas school master, came to school to stay, and here he is. He has finished practically all the general work in the univer- lsity and goes to Bloomington next year, after polishing himself so well that scarce a corner can be found. His reserved unobtrusive manners and his thoroughness in his work has attracted the attention of the class who chose him as third president. The last of the members of our organization whom we shall mention is our guiding star, Professor Carver, who has worked for us day and night, and it is to be hoped that his fatherly advice, his Virtue and his unceasing energy may continue to spur us onward for the ages to come. Now we have concluded the history of this class with the biography and labels of each member7 have recorded the important events and explained their cause and meaning, and will leave the effect for our worthy prophet, who will give us the results of his work. 16 In cums 0m, imo est lem Dei 8 Mi, pea eius mm labascit CLASS ORATION. IMPERIAL FEDERATION. C. C. SHERROD. EN have always loved freedom and abhorred oppression, nurtured liberty and abominated tyranny. Animated with such a spirit, the human race, through its course of evolution, must free itself from ignorance7 eradicate war and establish justice and tran- quility amongst its people. When we study the pages of history and trace the development of our people from their earliest forms, both as recorded and conjectured, and see- the rise and fall of states and nations, and observe the slow and upward trend of their on-marehing civilization, we must conclude that, somewhere in the distant future, lying out yonder as the goal to which the ever-restless soul has striven to approach as a limit, there is a conclusion as great and lasting as the Infinite Himself. We study the plot and classify the idealized characters of Hamlet and King Lear and others, and are stricken with wonder when we- try to conceive of a mind so magnificent. But this conclusion to which I refer, , to be reached only after ages of sacrifice, has a moral and an ideal incompar- able with the present attainments 0f the human mind. Hero-worship has been characteristic of every age, and a great factor in moulding the opinions and establishing the standard of morals of each particu- lar race. From the most ancient times men have honored those who stepped from the ranks and asserted themselves in such a way as to propound princi- ples, the following out of which would lead to happier and more comfortable homes, and at least give a colorable assurance of a greater and more beautiful soul. Such men were Confucius, and Socrates, and Plato, and Sir Isaac New- ton, and others. But formerly those who admired a great man and extolled his teachings were limited to his followers. Not until recently would the poet meet out justice to the man of medicine or the student of law; nor would the theologian even recognize the scientist. If we read the facts of history and their relations to each other in both our past and present, we can behold a great and inspiring destiny reserved for humanity. The tendency of historic evolution has ever been towards Imperial Federation; that is, towards a great federal union7 embracing all the states and nations of the world, organized under one central government, and mod- eled after that of the United States; this central power to be vested in a con- gress composed of men, elected by 'the people, representing respectively these iederal states and nations of the world. Disregarding the artificial govern- 18 Viowtute, mm, verbis F. L. HADE Classic Vestigia nulla Tezirorswn. JAMES C. SOMMER Classic 19 ments which were created and maintained only by force, our nation7 states and federal unions are and have ever been the results of this political evolu- tion. When we find the human family even in its, what we call7 semibarbarous state,e-untaught7 uncultured, unrestrained. they are settling all disputes by duel, if they are Personal; and by the sword, if national. Not an opinion is allowed by one of a lower rank over that of a higher, and permitted only in the same rank when the propounder of the argument can overpower his adver- sary. While today, though we are yet but half-eivilized, we respect the opinions of others, and submit our national and international differences to an umpire or an arbitrary board. Formerly, political divisions, separated from each other only by small natural boundaries, knew nothing of each other, save when one trespassed upon the territory of another, and he had the results of an encounter to suffer. Today, because of interstate and international coni- nieree, all the most advanced nations of the world have adopted the same standard units of time, of weights, and other denominations; our modern trans- portation lines and modes of communication have put us within the same walls; our systems of education make it possible to have a iieongress of nations, here in this institution; the strong brotherhood of man which con- served the past, is preserving the present, and insures a progressive future, was never nurtured as it is now; and not until man has faith in himself, in his fellow-being, and in an overruling power, will he recognize his fellowman as his brother, and realize that they have a common interest and a common destiny. The manifestation of this Virtue is the greatest proof of our advancement If we will place ourselves out yonder in space, and View the world as a whole, there is not a tendency in universal history so manifest as the tendency toward world unity. At first we View the race collected into small groups, called clans; then by the union of a few of these clans, we have the tribe; and, likewise, the eityestate; the nai'on state; and lastly, and by far the most advanced yet, the federal state. of which our own Union, consisting of forty-siX states, is the model. Our government was not an accident, but a result. America is libertyis native home. You readers of history remember that, since the beginning of the recording of, events, the great masses of the common people have striven to be freed from the tyranny of despotic rulers. At first the people rightly called their leader the king; but in later years, because of his exorbitant demands for taxes, his lavish expenditures of the peoples money, and his unjust and tyrannical rulings, he was called the tyrant. Then to free themselves from that oppressive ruler, there was established throughout Europe the institution of feudaiism. While in itself a poor form of government, feudalism was as necessary for the devel- opment of the people as was the king in earlier times. Under this form of government, the barons, who had primarily forced the Great Charter from King John, and who had kept him and his successors from reigning like 20 absolute monarchs, became ambitious for gain, and, disregarding the rights 07 others, were thrown into that bloody struggle known as the thars of to Rosesfl And upon these ruins was erected that system of royal despotism; from which we trace, directly, the conflict between the .two great classes oi people in England, which lead to American freedom. On the one hand the: lords, on the other the peasantry; or on the one hand the land-owning class, and on the other the laborers. The former made the laws and strove to main-,. tain and perpetuate their vast fortunes through the law courts; the later, a' great part of whom lived in America, were continually asking only for their , rights and justice, and at last, found an ungarrisoned refuge in the courts of equity. So those people living on American soil, seeing that these courts were too weak to battle against the combined force of the king and parlia- ' ment, determined to be free or be a people without a country. They posessed the martyrls spirit and the crusaderls enthusiasm. They were too wise not to know that it was not personally their own cause in which they were embarked; . they realized that the most they could promise themselves was that, having 3 cast forth the seed of liberty, having. shielded its tender germ from the stern E blasts that beat upon it, having watered it with the tears of waiting eyes and ' the blood of brave hearts, their children might gather the fruit of its branches, while those who planted it should moulder in peace beneath its shade. But ours is not the only government thus organized;eeonstituted ttin the image and likeness thereoim are the Dominion of Canada, the German Empire, the Swiss Confederation, and the Commonwealth of Australia. When Immanual Kant affirmed that as a prerequisite to world federation all the nations of the globe should establish representative governments, he t was living in an age when atuocratic government prevailed throughout Europe. He rightly thought that a world union of despotic governments would be the tomb of liberty, both individual and nationalaa world-wide i Russian despotism. Since he wrote his plea for peace, we have seen how, during the past century, the Democratic Revolution in Europe has established, and is still establishing, representative government in all the Christian states. Monarchies and autoeracies have always relied on the cannon and the sword for their existence; the republic, on the other hand, has taught the world that the only true form of government is derived from the citizenis respect for the law, whether it be written or unwritten; and that, if no authority came from the people in creating this law, no appeal could be made to them in preserving it. Just at the close of last century Czar Nicholas surprised the world by proposing to all the governments having representatives at the Russian court a meeting, the significance ofiwhich is without a parallel. This International Peace Conference, which met at the Hague, considered means of insuring world-wide peace and of putting a limit to the progressive increase of arma- ments. This body deliberated upon many proposed solutions, and adopted some measures, the most important of which was the establishment of a per- 21 manent International Court of Arbitration to Which all nations may have recourse for the settlement of their disputes. Since its creation many cases have been submitted and both satisfactorily and amicably settled. It is to be hoped now that in the near future an International Congress shall be estab- lished, necessarily with limited and advisory powers at first, but Which, like the congress of our own Ccnfederation of 1781, may in due time develop into a truly great legislative body, capable of dealing With all problems of inter- state and international concern. At the ter-centenary celebration in Burlington last month, President Taft congratulated himself on having heard uttered those sincere expressions of good Will and the promise of a lasting: era of peace, as came from the accredited representatives of England, France, and Canada. Although we look about us and hear the cry, just as the Greeks and Romans did, ttBring us back our golden age l-the good old days of our fathersW yet we have men to-day Whose lofty and towering geniuses, like that of the cosmopolitan Agricola, drink in the love and beauty of great and excellent glory more ardently than cautiously. The time has come for men to 100k onward and upward for the ttg'olden agell; for, though the race moves on slowly and at times somewhat reluctantly, yet it is building a Hmonument more enduring: than brass and loftier than the regal structure of the pyramids.,, When men are looking for a higher meaning of life, civilization must advance, and the republic is the highest form of civilization. Why should the race look back or bow down to stagnant pools When it is possible, through persever- ance, to approach freely to the crystal spring-heads of perpetual peace? Well did Tennyson express it When he said: ttMen, my brothers, men, the workers, ever reaping something new: That Which they have done but earnest 0f the things that they shall do: For I dipt into the future, far as human eye could see, Saw a Vision of the world, and all the wonder that would be; Saw the heavens fill With commerce, argosies of magic sails, Pilots 0f the purple twilight, dropping down With costly bales; Heard the heavens fill with shouting, and there rained a ghastly dew From the nationsl airy navies grappling in the central blue; For along the world-Wide Whisper 0f the south-Wind rushing warm, With the standards of the peoples plunging throt the thunder-storm; Till the war-drum throbtd no longer, and the battle flags were furlld In the Parliament of Man, the Federation of the Worldf, 22 Volens et. potens ELMER FUN KHOUSER Classic and Professional Vincz't, qm' se m'ncz't JAMES H. MORRIS Classic and Professional CLASS POEM. LOLD PICTURES IN VALPARAISO. RAY ROSENBLATT. Oh, kindly Muse, Pray don,t refuse To guide my faltering meter, But fit these feet Some day to meet The approval of St. Peter. Should that good saint Not hear my plaint, And judge this rhyme imprudent, I still shall pray My humble lay May please each Classic student. Then hear thou mee Calliope: Receive my invocationy Make clear the wow tThough thoughfs preferredx In true and right relation. When years have fled And marked each head With Old Timets Whitening flnger, On Memoryn wall Of our classmates all Full many a scene will linger. The softened haze Of olden days Will beautify the pictures, When Memory leads, For 10! she needs No painterts brush and mixtures. OF Valpo town, Of Kinsey, Brown, And more at Learningls portals, Who hand draughts out From Wisdomts spout T0 knowledge-thirsty mortals. That building Old With its crust of mold As harsh as any cough is, Its decrepit air, 'ts tread-worn stair, And its thronging, ancient office. WIrile just Without, A11 strewn about, Lie trunks and bags and caseme The endless stream Of those who deem TLis Valpo best of places. Harkpethe dinner bell ! A11 flyeoh welle For they are hungryivery; And the breakfast rush For milk and mush, With remarks incendiary. And those Who would Be thought so good They went to Chapel-service; A speech, a prayer, Announcements there, tPerchance it made you nervousJ And as they pass To change their classe A bright-hued long procession! Then maid with man Might walk a spana A brief but dear digression. Still doth t1 at lake Sweet pictures make, And rest for those who labor, Where one may see The youth so free A, himself doth love his neighbor. All these and more Make up the store Of fancyys Vivid limnings; But one most dear in a class-room here Called tt six, had its beginnings. Twas here we sat in Greek and Latin, Learned worth of Wisdonfs ways 0- Ver those less Wise, In kindly guise, From the Sage of Valparaiso. yTwas here wetd go And strive to know Fair Truth in staid appare1,e In Logic Wan, 01' P01. Econ. MNOW take that apple-barrel? Such imaged views Shall live, Oh Muse, And when we,ve gone far hencetll Fill each heart With works of art Clear sketched by Memorye pencil. N0 gilded frame Their charms Will claim,e Theytre set in depths thoracic, And prove ,tis fine In naughty-nine To be a learned Classic. 24 Vates oaucula pmnuntians CHARLES A. WELLER Classic Sit vita ut women, sempea aestas RILLA B. SUMMERS Classic and Profession a1 CLASS PROPHECY. C. A. WELLER. WAS sitting,r in a. large, easy chair in the lounging room of a club in Gotham in the year of 1920. The rain beat against the win- dow as I gazed into the brightly lighted, but almost deserted streets. Presently, however, I was roused from my reverie by some one, who coming up slapped me on the back and said: tiIIello, Charles, I thought I should find you herefl I turned quickly and extended my hand, saying, HHello, Jim, it is quite a surprise to meet you here.H This was our great and most renowned scientist, Prof. Sommer, who after much deep study had devised a plan by which he thought the attention of the inhabitants of Mars could be attracted, whom by his powerful tele- scope, he could distinctly see. Prof. Sommer offered me a good position assisting him in assembling his apparatus. I said: ttNo, it is no use, I wouldnlt keep it, I made a home once and thought it was to be my home for the rest of my daysft It didntt happen that way, for she married another fellow. Yet after much consideration his offer was accepted. By agree- ment, a few days later, I appeared at his observatory for the initial trial and was not at all surprised to see that our esteemed friend had been adding to his store of knowledge Obtained from Prof. Cloud in the Sound and Light Class. After arranging the apparatus we began to make signals and to observe whether the attention of the inhabitants of our sister planet was attracted. Our first trial, however, was a failure, but we had learned while at Valpae raise University that success often comes from failure especially when all the work must be done again. In our second attempt we were more successful, for this time in an observatory on a very high mountain we saw a number of Marites diligently at work. It was plainly to be seen that they too were making remarkable progress along scientific lines, for they had an arrange- ment similar to ours. To help us in this great undertaking we sent for tiMothert, De Witt, who was teaching Latin in our Alma Mater7 having succeeded Miss Carver, who had resigned her position to establish a cooking school and to give lessons in Campustry. itMotherll De Witt was as anxious as we to learn something about our classmates and willingly gave her assistance. We proceeded to signal and at the same time our neighbors were also sending signals, which evidently were intended for us. In a short time our codes became intelligible to each other. We now had no difficulty in com- municating with them and they, seemed to be very much interested in what was taking place on Earth. I11 the course of our communication the inhabi- tants of Mars said they had photographed at great many mundane scenes 26 Qm'dam ex ipsis legis interpres CHARLES E. BALDWIN Classic Pem'tus acida et medicamenm miscendi HER BERT C. BOLSTAD Classic 27 which they proceeded to show us. Lo! and behold! to our great amazement the first thing to appear upon the screen was a magnificent palace in Berlin, in which a beautiful lady reigned. Looking more closely we could scarcely believe this to be our former classmate, Miss. Heck, who had so delighted her many admirers by bringing bonbons to class. She was no longer Miss Heck and by the insignia 0n the palace we learned that she had become Die Prinzessin V0n Sehwerin. The picture changed leaving no time for us to grieve over our commonplace existence. We next beheld a great tiying machine moving throughtthe air, whose speed was as swift as lightning, and we said to ourselves: nWho has devised such a thing as thatht Looking again we saw that it was the great work of McClure whose name is known throughout the land. In the ship we saw a number of the Classics of 1909, whose destiny easily could be determined by their decorous behavior. Morris, Bradford, Keppel and Cook were going forth to the heathen world to release from bondage the dark and benighted minds of their brethren. Among these we found Clarissa Smith, who was on her way to Jupiter where she intended to establish the first Red Cross Society and care for the soldiers wounded in the great battle between the Marites and the giants of Jupiter. Edward A. Anderson had launched his bark 0n the turbulent sea of polie tics. His voyage was rather tempestuous but he managed to keep ttStraitW He is a devoted and loyal prohibitionist. His eloquent speeches and logical, invincible arguments won for him the gubernatorial chair of his native state. C. C. Sherrod has acquired the highest office this country can bestow, president of the United States. He very early distinguished himself by his integrity, honesty and eloquence as a zealous advocate of woman suffrage. Oscar Kratky had become a very successful business man and accumulated much wealth. His success continued until he again became addicted to the habit of falling asleep at four oicloekr The beautiful city of Paris came upon the screen. In one of the finest theaters of that place was seen the prima donna. We could scarcely believe this, but were not surprised for we had expected something of this kind. The prima donna was our classmate, Ray Rosenblatt. By the expresiirm 0n the faces of the people in the theatre we couldsee what success she had attained. J. H. Southwick has realized his early ambition. His ability as an e10- eutionist and orator is not to be questioned. He is dean of the department of eloeution and oratory in his Alma Mater. Elmer Funkhouser is president of a womanis college which he practically built up himself and is doing good work in it. He is applying his theoretical methods with much success. Prof. Funkhouser has also been using his spare time in writing text books on Ethics for he has become quite an authority on this subject. IliIding Alfred. Swanson, after surviving the many perils of a course in law, has become manager of the Cubs. He is a star center fielder and is the 28 Multum m pav'vo ALTHA DEWITT Classic Bene studm't, bene Jioreat BENJ. J. LARSEN Classic 29 heaviest slugger in the National Baseball League. Manager Swanson has had the honor of hoisting the championship pennant four, times on the West Side Ball Park. C. E. Baldwin7 having completed his law course in Northwestern Univer- sity, is now located in a small town in northwestern Ohio and is devoting much of his time in offering suggestions on great economical questions. We found Dr. Bolstadt just leaving his Office, in the crowded streets of Chicago, rushing to catch the next car to his suburban home, where a dainty little woman, with whom he had fallen in love while making a professional call, anxiously awaited his honie-eoming. Even now our two former elasse mates were inseparable. Just across the street from Dr. Bolstadis home stood another equally as beautiful, which one could see by the plate on the door was that of Benjamin L. Larsen7 Band Master, the height of whose fame could not be equalled in our country. With a sigh we lost sight of this beautiful picture and the Vale of Para- dise met our gaze. Whom should we find here? was the question in our minds, but it was soon answered. A glance into the office of the Superinten- dent of Public Instruction showed us that our old friend iVIcTaggart was still a necessity to the Valparaiso citizens. He no longer ttLived high third hocr Lembkej, for that dear Michigan girl, itBetter than a sister? of whom we had heard so much, had at last yielded to his teachings. Among the widely known and most noted scientists of their country Hade and Gorham stand pre-eminent. By their patient, untiring efforts they have made many important discoveries in Physiological Chemistry and thereby have added much to the advancement of this science. The laws of Hade and Gorham are now-as common as those of Mendelejeff', Avogadro, Henry and Boyle. i We next beheld a sight which was very pleasing. Our attention was attracted by a large cathedral toward which people were thronging. A few minutes later the shepherd 0f the flock came slowly down the street. He was a very modest man with a rather decorous 100k. Under one arm he carried a copy of Shakesreareis iiA Midsummer Nightis Dream,ii and under the pro- tection of the Other walked a beautiful lady. This man was a Christian minister, our Louisiana classmate, Christopher Columbus Whisenhunt and the lady at his side, his wife. He had been delivering a series of lectures on the subject, itWhat love has done for me and what it can do for you.H We were told that while giving his lectures he very frequently quoted his former classmate, Edward Anderson. A very common quotation is Andersonis definition of a stroll. itA stroll is a slow promenade during which a youthful couple, dead to the world, looses itself in the delight- ful nothings 0f dawning love.,, We were told that Clay W. Hockenbery had realized his ambition and had become professor of Psychology in Cornell University. He has written a number of books on this subject. Among them we find one entitled, ttDoes 30 Fortiter, jidelz'ter, feliciter Classic Tamquam fortasse podib718 ae- ger, , tamen capiie valentissimus CHARLES E. MOCLURF 1 Classic 31 a hog reason when it breaks into a corn fieldfw The subject is treated most elaborately and profoundly. Prof. Hoekenbery has proved conclusively that a hog does reason. He has also developed great ability as a. singer and 'it is said he spends the greater part of his time singing in grand opera. Like Ichabod Crane, his voice is soothing and melodious and can be heard seven- teen blocks away. He had a soft and foolish heart toward the fair sex; and it is not to be wondered at that he soon found favor in the eyes of a bachelor lady of forty-seven and he no longer envies NLucky JimW Once more the beautiful city known as the city of HSchools and Churchesf7 came to View. ' Here we saw C. F. Maple who, because of his proficiency, patience and great ability, had attained the eminent position of professor of Zoology. In this capacity he had distinguished himself both in teaching and original research work In his youth he was very charming and handsome, thus attracting many admirers, all of whom met with the same fate, of being turned away with tearfiil eyes. It was said he often remarked that it was easier for him to break a loveris heart than to sever the valves of a Lampsilis luteolus. At last Nellie attracted his attention. His heart finally yielded to cupid,s darts, but alasi it was too late; she would not wait. Bewailing his fate he betook himself to Neptune to continue his study in i t Bugology. t, Looking over the class r011 we found that, with the exception of one, the entire Classic class had either appeared upon the screen 01' been heard of. We began to question what had become of. the NLittle Girlfi whose smiling face had been like a shining star in the midst of us. After inquiring concerning her whereabouts the Marites replied thus: HYour classmate, Rilla Summers, has attained honors excelled by none other of the class. She has become very famous throughout the land as a novelist. and poetess. in both the English and German language. Among her most popular productions are HDie Torheit Cer Theft HVVaere ieh ihm nur treu geblieben.H Imf A M Q 4 32 scit, et qui itatis secet CHARLES J. KEPPEL Classic Mem 09 et fidelis TOAST RESPONSE ALUMNI BANQUET. ENDINGS AND BEGINNINGS. CHARLES J . KEPPEL. 3 VERY Commencement season is, in the broadest sense, a season of u endings and 0f beginnings. And it seems to me that this present banquet is a very striking illustration of this fact. We came here tonight with the express and fully premeditated purpose of fin- ishing whatever should be placed before useand I think we have made a pretty thorough job of it. And if, as Ruskin says, tt Art is the expres- sion of joy in ones work? I feel that we have in this hour proven ourselves to be artists of no mean ability. A few of us, indeed, whose names appear on the program, wended 0111' faltering footsteps hither with the grim foreboding that we should see our own finish ;abut I am not so sure now whether we or our listeners shall be the first to part spirit and body. A great deal of difficulty has been encountered in defining the terms itbeginningil and iiendfl Perhaps the most satisfactory definition, at least so far as indisputable logic is concerned, is that which is ascribed to Aristotle, namely that the beginning is that before which nothing comes, the end is that after which nothing comes, and the middle is that which comes between the beginning and the end. Although this definition will hardly apply to our commencement season as a whole, yet it is doubtless a truthful biography of 0111' banquet. The beginning was that before which nothing cameenot counting ourselves; the end was that after which nothing camekexcept, perhaps, these dreary funeral orations; and the middle was that which came between the twoeand which, however, has since become an important part of our middle. But, my Friends7 Rand I speak primarily as a member of the Classic classethis commencement season is for 11s a series of endings and of begin- nings in a higher sense. Mans hope of immortality seems to be justified by all the experiences of his life. uChange and decay is all around I see,H and yet, out of this change and decay, there grows ever a higher, a more beautiful, a more lasting. August 5th, 1909, signiiies for 11s, in a large degree, the end of our asso- ciations with each other, that one thing which always mars occasions of this nature and-brings the eternal note of sadness inf, The close, unbroken fel- lowship, which the members of our class have enjoyed, is soon to exist in memory only. And yet, shall there not grow for us, out of this shattered mold 84 Justum et tenacem propositi virum C. F. MAPLE Classic Ecce, magus ab om'ente advenit W. J. BRADFORD Classic 35 bf association and fellowship7 a living tree of living friendship, strong enough in itself to remain firm and to flourish without the props which our being together could afford it '3 I do not believe that the real test of friendship can be made while at college. Here friendship must necessarily be elementary, sometimes artificially created, Often unnaturally thwarted. It needs to be stripped of prep and barrier that it may have natural development. That which would outlive the world dare not shun the world'And so the end of our association as classmates, though unwelcome, is nevertheless, like the breaking of the shell which guards the kernel7 the prerequisite of an undying friendship. But that which touches us more than all else, as we close this school year, is the realization that the happy hours spent with 0111 dear Old Pa Carver have come to an end. When we try to speak of him to others, we can only say with Browning: tt 1 cannot praise, I love so much.,, What he is and what his influence has meant for us, we need not tell you. He 01 she, whose life has not been broadened, deepened, sweetened7 by the old nianls teaching, must, indeed, lack certain of the primary elements of manhood and womanhood. And now, though our departure from Valparaiso may take us from him, yet nothng can ever take him from us; but, through the perspective of the coming years, his greatness will ever grow upon us, and, if we permit, will make us ever greater. For, as the end of our association as classmates heralds a purer, truer friendship, so also can the full appreciation of Mr. Carvers real worth, and the guiding power of his influence in our lives, come to us only ' as we embark upon that same sea, which he has so long and s0 wisely sailed. Thus we might continue to observe how in so many ways this commence- ment season brings to a close the old, to make possible the newer and the higherehow school work grows into life work, theory into practice, knowl- edge into action: how being served ripens into glorious service for others. eBut, should I endeavor to do this, there would be present the danger of a failing which is so characteristic of a certain class of individuals called preachers, who, though they speak often enough of the end, yet never seem able to hnd it themselves. I must avoid this here, lest I bring reproach upon the dignified title of Classic. And so in closing let me but give expression to that wish, which cannot but be present in the heart of every Classic tonight, that as we thus change the universe of our lives, we may leave behind us, out of our natures, all that is selfish and mean and ignoble7 rising with the higher degree, which we receive, to a higher, nobler, more useful life. PROFESSOR H. N. CARVER Txtra invibiam, nec eztra gloriam erat HAMLET. H. N. CARVER. N HIS excellent address to the graduating classes last year, Pres Parsons had occasion to refer to the character of Hamlet, and he took occasion to repeat the ancient joke, tttime-tonsured smoother than a friarX7 that in the ease of the unhappy prince the only evidences of insanity are to be found in those who think him insane. But it so happened, that a good many years before that evening, I had accepted a position, as the country papers say, with the little company of those who believe that the Hamlet, whom we all think we know and know we love, is not in full possession of his thoughts7 nor, consequently in perfect mastery of his actions; and I think Pres. Parsons must be about the only one who is not aware what a lit audience it was, though few, that I found,--- lit, at least, till I joined it. For they were men of admirable endowments and honorable aims; a little eoterie of that great brotherhood whose end of effort and life it is, to make a little larger and a little brighter the circle of that thing we call truth, men who had made it their business to look steadily and long at any matter before expressing any opinion about it. Now, on the evening in question, as some of you will recollect, the tem- perature of the room was high, and Pres. Parsons, gibe did not lower it per- ceptibly in the vicinity of my seat. I said to the one sittmgr by me, well I believe Illl not repeat my exact words, but their purport was7 that I should re-examine that question of Hamlet7s insanity, at least for my own edifica- tion, and would share whatever enlargement I found with you here 1his afternoon. I am present to try to carry out my self-imposed task, and I think it not more than what is becoming that I should express the hope that nothing I may say and nothing you may aid and abet, shall disturb the repose of the great Master iiin that still garden of the soule? Of course, I remember Matthew Arnoldis words, and I believe we may not unfittingly take refuge in them as against any feeling of presumptuousness: tiOthers abide our question. Thou are free. We ask and askethou smilest and art still, Out-topping knowledge. For the loftiest hill Who to the stars uncrowns his majesty, Planting his steadfast footsteps in the sea, Making the heaven of heavens his dwelling-place, Spares but the cloudy borders of his base To the foiled searching of mortalityfi But just as the cloudy base of the mountain is open to the profitable, if foiled, 38 searching of every one, profitable, if done honestly and reverently; so any part of the Masters domain is open to the profitable searching of any one, if done with like honesty and reverence; and none with brighter promise than the gold-iields of the Hamlet. And how many have not only prospected, but come back laden with rich treasure from the shining veins; how many have come like the poor, bathed sponges, foiled indeed in their searching, but compelled to admit, that the Lord of the Manor is ttmost like a gentleman? and how many with hightened love and reverence not only for the Hsweet prince,H but for our common humanity, no matter how beset and buffeted by all that is Vile, and loathsome, and eontemptible. As Doctor Furness expresses it: HN0 one of mortal mould, save Him twhose blessed feet were nailed for our advantage to the bitter crossX ever trod this earth, commanding such absorb- ing interest, as this Hamlet, this mere creation of a poetls brain. No syllable that he whispers, no word let fall by any one near him, but is caught and pondered7 as no words ever have been, except of Holy Writ. Upon no throne built by mortal hands has ever tbeat so fierce a light, as upon that airy fabric reared at ElsinoreW Let us look very brietiy at a very few of the reports of those, who have wandered in those fields. And, first, we may dismiss with a word a very small groupethe young doctors ttwillin? like Barkis, to exchange evidence of their doctorates for the small consideration of your honest dollar, and the old doctors, willing for a like consideration, to furnish yearly evidence that their chairs have not been absolutely empty. They all belong in that harmless little set of which Sir Hudibras was the major-domo. tiHe could raise seruples dark and nice, And after solve ,em in a trice; As if divinity had catehed The itch on purpose to be scratchedf, But the real searchersewhat of them? I think every one must already know the beautiful image under which Goethe expressed the outcome of his search- ing. ttAn oak tree,m he says, itis planted in a costly vase, which should have received only lovely tiowers. The roots expand, the vase is shiveredY, Coleridge, probably finding the elew in his own strange nature, says: ttIn Hamlet we see a great, an almost enormous intellectual activity, and a propor- tionate aversion to real action consequent upon it. He vaeillates from sensi- bility, and procrastinates from thought, and loses the power of action in the energy of resolveft Perhaps these two may be taken as types of the iindings Of a very great majority of the searchers. And for myself, I have no word of criticism for them. They seem to me both beautiful and just. But the tragedy is such a titanic thing, that they hardly seem adequate, they leave so much to be desired, they seem, indeed, but Hfoileol searchingsW Perhaps the chief diffi- culty with the view is, it lays too great an emphasis upon the internal, the subjective, element; and too little upon the external, the objective, element, 39 or more properly upon the outcome of the interaction of both elements, the one upon the other. About thirty years ago Prof. Karl Werder, 0f the uni- versity of Jena, published an account of his explorations, in which the pOint of view is the diametrieal opposite of Goetheis and Coleridgels. As Furness summarizes the matter, Werder affirms Hamlet to be a man of action, never at a loss, never wavering7 taking in at once the position of affairs, adjusting himself thereto with admirable sagacity, and instantly acting with consum- mate tact, as occasions require. Werderls Views have had extensive accept- ance, but to me they seem quite as partial, as one sided, as Goethets 0r Coleridgets. I can not help feelingthat they are only another instance of Hfoiled searchingj, though very suggestive, as all honest searching is, so suggestive that we shall have to return to them after awhile. As was inevitable, the question of Hamletls insanityewas- it real or only feignedvemerged from the discussion of these opposing Views; and as was inevitable, too, the purely literary explorers for the most part saw nothing but feigned insanity and the alienists, the scientific men whose life work it was to study actual insanity, in many cases, but not universally, brought away from their explorations the conviction that the insanity was real, of a special type, to be sure, but of a kind they had often encountered in the mad-houses. Perhaps as conservative a statement of their Views as can be quoted is that of Dr. Henry Mandsley, of London, one of the most eminent of modern alienists. ilHaInlet ruthlessly strips off the conventional delusions of things, and lays bare the realities. If any one in the full possession of his reasoning powers refuses to accept the delusions of life, and persists in exposing the realities beneath appearances, he is so much out of harmony with his surroundings that he will, to a certainty, be counted more or less insane. Strange, too, as it may seem, it is nevertheless true, that sueh a one will commonly feign to be more eccentric or extravagant. than he really isf7 Page after page might be quoted from alienists of almost equal emin- ence, and every page far more insistent upon the fact of maladjustment, and the consequent real insanity. Of course, the View we take will depend largely upon the meaning we give that word insanity, and the word is by no means easy of definition. I should call any one sane who knows his environment, and knows how far he does not know it, knows its relation to his highest conscious interests, and is able by conscious choice and endeavor to make such mutual adjust ments of self and environment, as will enable him to feel that his interests are not utterly alien to the world in which he must live, and move, and have his being; and any one who is unable to do so, I should say, is, pro tanto. insane. A hog is perfectly sane in an environment of mud-wallows and swill- tubs, but I should not care to think that anything but a hog could have much clarity of thought or eertitude of choice and executive volition therein. If any one becomes inextricably entangled in such environment, and can not make it his deliberate choice to eat swill, I can see only one alternative, 4O suicide; and, failing that, the unchosen but pitying ways of insanity. Mr. Denton J. Snider believes that any tidefinition of insanity which includes Hamlet would Sweep three-fourths of mankind into the mad-housef, Well, it may be, it may be. Iim no statistician, and couldnt undertake to say how many are eligible for admittance, but have never received it. To be sure, you and I are not of 7em, but the other fellow may be. I think one serious diflioulty that many find in believing the insanity real and not merely feigned to meet special situations in the environment, is that it would be a derogation from the native nobility Which every one knows is at the basis of Hamlet7s character. In his essay, it Shakespeare Once More? cur own Lowell says, and Dr. William J . Rolfe has placed his impm'matw upon the words: itIf you deprive Hamlet of reason, there is no truly tragic motive left. He would be a fit subject for Bedlam, but not for the stage. We might have pathology enough, but no pathos. If Hamlet is irresponsible, the whole play is a chaosY7 Now, in the first place, it may be said that no one has ever thought, that the insanity is only some form of driveling idiocy, or that it is a constant, unbroken form of its own- type. Hamlet is perfectly sane Whenever he is alone With Horatio; he is sane in his contest of Wit With that satyr, the grave-digger; he is sane, When he talks With the actors about their art; he is sane in that frank, manly apology Which he makes to Laertes just before the wager of the foils; he is sane for an instant at the close of that piteous solioquy, When he looks up and his eyes fall upon the Ophelia, Whom he had lo'ved as only such a man can love woman, and there fall from his lips unconsciously the most beautiful words ever spoken about woman. But at all those times the environment of Elsinore, of the king, of the queen, of Polonius, of Rosenerantz, of Guildensteijn, of Osrie, has retreated so far that it has become only a dim, shadowy background, over Which his piercing, tow- ering intellect can play in lightest and airiest touches of fancy, or in steadiest and profoundest reaches of thought; and upon Which his delicate and lovee able character can project itself in eharmingest tracery of light, and color, and form. And surely Lowell, When he talks about pathology and pathos, forgets those scenes of the Lear, Where the phrenzy of insanity lifts the words of the old man into an eloquence never heard in forum or senate. Is there no pathos in that night upon the stormy heath, When he talks With the thunder and the rain, and reminds the roaring heavens, that they too are old; no pathos in those ineffable scenes, When the fever of delirium has burned to the ashes, and nothing is left but the tottering reason of the child? And When our great singer and teacher talks of responsibility and Hamlet, surely he is only reminiscent of those ttempty rooms of dogma drearli of Which he sang in the great Agassiz ode. Now, I am perfectly Willing to admit that we are here on the very border-land of the scientific and demonstnable, in the region Where certainty and obligation are very shadowy things, in the region of pure prerogative, Where judgments are not made primarily for scientific or ethical purposes, but for aesthetic; and Where questions are not asked s0 41 much about truth and right, as about satisfaction and delight, where each one is free to seek the point of View that yields the outlook of purest delight. And the prerogative which I take for myself, I give with entire ungrudging- ness to every one else; but I say frankly that, if I though the words which Hamlet speaks and his demeanor before the court of Elsinore Were the out- come of a feigned insanity, an mantic disposition? deliberately put on to enable him to accomplish even the dreadful task that had been imposed upon him, I should despise him, as I despise any one else who has only ttthe glib and oily art, to speak and purpose notW And as to Lowelhs belief that without Hamletis ttresponsibilityll the play would be a chaos7 I might say that the play is, doubtlessly, not a chaos7 but the public life of Denmark represented in the play is a chaos to Hamlet, and that it is, which makes the play so full of pathos. But I think we are not entirely shut out from all scientific considerations. ,Let us see what we can make out from that point of view, and let us begin in this way. Suppose there could be found a com- munity of ten million souls7 every one of whom measured up to the regal 'height of earthts greatest and best,-ttthe perfect flower of human time.H Suppose some ward politician, whose constituents had neglected to send him to congress, should wander into it. Suppose he must work in scientific fields with Newton, or Darwin, or Faraday. Suppose he must be a competitor in constitutional law of John Marshall, or in statesmanship of Daniel Webster. Suppose he must play his part in politics side by side with Aristotle and Aristides. Suppose all his business relations must be with Ezra Cornell and Peter Cooper, or he must work as an administrative colleague with Edwin M. Stanton. Suppose he should be compelled to talk with Ruskin and Words- only Beethoven would write for him. Suppose he must always feel the calm unblenehing eyes of Homer and Shakespeare upon the fountains of his heart, and always linow that they would put into immortal song just what they saw in the watei's. Suppose the only tiladies whose bright eyes rain influence and judge the prizeH for him should be those Roman Inatirons7 who made the homes from which came Agricola and the Graeehi, or those American mothers around whose hearthstones in childish frolic and prattle were passed the childhood days of Washington and Lincoln. Suppose every breeze from the shining heights and flowerefilled valleys of literature brought him the words and presence of Cordelia, and Imogen7 and Antigone7 and that incomparable chorus of the Prometheuse-suppose all these, and what adjustment, do you think, he could make to that environment? What part of it could he adjust to himself in such fashion, that he could beconte a really integrant part of his world? Within a month he would be praying for some Lazarus to come with the drop of water for his burning tongue. Now, as I see the drama, that is how Shakespeare constructed it, only the situations are precisely reversed. He created a character entirely fitted to ttehange replies with all the 'eircle of the wise, and placed it in an environ: 42 ment wherein nothing but a fiend or an oaf could make any adjustment of either to the other. At the opening of the play, the environment, the public life of Elsinore, is an utter chaos, wherein no one knows what the situation is, or rather, Where every one from king to lackey, from Hamlet and Horatio to the military guards, does know exactly what the situation is, but does not dare to admit his knowledge even to himself. Look at the opening scene. There is a military guard on the platform before the castle; Francisco is on his post, and Bernardo comes up at the proper time to relieve him. The one on duty always challenges the relief, who advances cautiously and whispers the eountersign. But the situation is so chaotic that Bernardo challenges Francisco, and, when set right in his tactics, he bellows out the countersign in a way that an enemy within a mile might get it. And what a strange eountersign it is, tomettlong live the kingW Francisco is so perturbed, that he can not be satisfied With the evidence of the eountersign, and asks, tiBer- nardoW, Assured at last he says, ttYou come most carefully upon your hour? as if promptness was not to be expected of a military guard on that platform. Then Bernardo, whistling to keep up his courage, remarks, ti yTis now struck twelve; get thee to bed, Francisco? and receives the reply NFor this relief much thanksfeas if the little eourtesies of the drawingroom were customary at guardemountingett yTis bitter cold, and I am sick at heartW That last expression, ttI am sick at heartX7 is the nearest a frank avowal of his real thought that Francisco can trust himself to make, and it comes forced out, bursting through the mask of self-repression at once a pro- test of the will and a relief of the heart. Before Francisco gets himself to bed, Marcellus, who had stood guard the night before and had seen the cause of all their perturbation, brings upon the platform, to approve their eyes Horatio eHoratio, sanest and manliest of men, truest and bravest of friends. When matters get settled on the platform, he pretends to be utterly sceptical, it was only their fantasy,ettTush, tush, ,twill not appearW At last he consents to sit down and tthear Bernardo speak of thisfi and Bernardo starts an argu- ment so formal and precise, that you know he has on hand that most difficult of all tasks, the convincing of a man who thinks just as he himself does. But the Ghost does come and harrows the old fellow with fear and wonder. When it has gone, they fall into a discussion Cf its mission. Horatio says he knows all about it, or, at least, how the whisper goes; and he starts out into a sentence of about thirty lines With only one pause to get his breath, but so formal, and eXaet, and balanced, that it must be the delight of the rheto- ricians,eall intended to prove to the others what he knows they will not believe, and what he knows he doesnt believe himself. After a few words of the same tenor, spoken by Bernardo, Horatio breaks out Withetta mote it is to trouble the minds eye.H That is his protest to himself against his own words, and with the relief that the protest brings, he soars off in one of the loveliest outbursts of pure poetry in all the play. Let me quote it: 43 HA mote it is to trouble the minds eye. In the most high and palmy state of Rome, A little ere the mightiest Julius fell, The graves stood tenantless, and the sheeted dead Did squeak and gibber in the Roman. streetse As stars With trains of iire and dews of blood, Disasters in the suniie The dry-as-dust editors, with only the wooden rules of grammai' to guide them, have expended a deal of labor trying to parse the nonsense of that last sentencercas if the finest artistic meaning may not sometimes require a collocation of words, that gnocks the piddling rules of syntax. The truth is, at that point, under the strain and stress of excitement and pretense, Horatiois mind simply slipped a cog, and the clatter of the wheels is only the evidence of the momentary confusion. Now, those constantly recurring occasions of nial-adjustment seem to me the very life, so to say, of the drama, and make it what Sehlegel called it, a tragedy of thought. No one escapes them, not even the king. Listen to his hollow, snuffiing words, the first time you see him; and to the fierce, bitter protest to the fawning courtiers; look into that horrible closet, see him on his knees, hear him try to pray, to adjust himself to that environment where there is no iishufflingfi where tithe action lies in his true nature;H see him in that last scene, quaking, cringing coward, that he is, hear his life bubble out from his lips in a lie. Of course, the environment is not and can not be, quite the same to each one Who must react upon it. In that platform scene we smile at the glorious old fellow, and at the Nantic dispositionii that he tries so hard to put on, his skepticism, his pretense, his flights of poetry, and his momentary loss of the reins; for we know well enough that, whatever the environment may be and do, it is powerless to touch in any serious way his steadfast, self-centered, manly soul. But with Hamlet it is all different; for the internal and external worlds that react upon each other are so different. Fortinbras assures us that upon the stage of practical life Hamlet iiwas likely to have proved most royallyii; there did not seem to be any matter so deli- cate but his fancy could handle it with lightest and happiest touch, no prob- lems so wide or so deep but his reason could hold them in its grasp, no paths of thought so high or so bright, but their height and brightness seemed alluring to his feet. No one but an artist could have spoken those words that he speaks to the baffled eourtiers; and who but the truest and staunchest friends could have talked as he talked about friendship? He has been in conference with the players and Rosenerantz and Guildenstern about that iimouse-trap which he was getting ready. At last they go away and he is alone. Turning in his heart-sick weariness, he calls, iiWhat! ho! H'Koratiolii and his friend answers, iiHere, sweet 10rd, at your serviceY, Then placing his hands upon the shoulders and looking into the eyes of Horatio, he utters the most beauti- ful words ever spoken to a friend: 44 tlHoratio, thou art elen as just a man As e,er my conversation coped withal.w And where in all your experience have you found a more perfect example of what, in a normal world, the intellect should be,-the ground of all pure and lofty feeling, of all sure-footed and unfaltering will ? When he knows a thing, that settles the matter with him; there is no shuffling, no maudlin wishing that things were not so, no running to some lawyer to learn how the conclu- sion may be evaded, no saying in his heart, mthere is no Godf, Everybody in Elsinore knows what he is. That is why his mother lives almost by his looks, why the general gender love him so, 'why he is the ttexpeetaney and rose of the fair statel,-tlthe observed of all observersf, But in the actual Elsinore, the Hunweeded garden, that grows to seed? it is the source of all his trouble, too. It explains that pathetic scene in Ophelials closet,-he can not understand why the honorable love, which he had Ntendered with almost all the holy vows of Heavenjl should be repelled. It is the cause of all those terrible self-reproaehings;ahis duty there, in that world of Elsinore, had been given in categorical terms, but he can not discharge the obliga- tion. It is the source of those torrents of biting sarcasm and irony that he pours upon the king, and Polonius, and the bewildered courtiers. Because he is himself ltmost generous and free from all contrivingf the king and Laertes think of the envenomed foil and the cup of poisoned wine; and because he is always so loyal to his own thoughts, he can not realize that tKone may smile, and smile7 and be a VlllELlIl.7, And, so, there in Elsinore, where mthe time is out of jointfl he can only turn, and hesitate, and procras- tinate, and sickly every thing o7er Hwith the pale cast of thought. What- ever duty may mean in such an environment as that, the' one who can dis- charge its behests must be made of other stuff than he. And would you have it otherwise? In a world of lawless men, and wolves, and bobcats, and rhinos, and man-eating lions, and snakes, the fellow who can wield the big stick is no doubt a very-desirable citizen; but I dont imagine he would necessarily be in very great demand in a world where none of those beastly things are found. We must look for a moment more closely at the question of insanity. And I Will confess I have no very special partiality for the word, if another can be found, that will better express the situation. What I insist upon is, that in the environment made up of the Danish court and the Danishpolitical life, in which he has the most abiding interest and in which he should have been the most efficient factor, he never takes any part that is the outcome of intelli- gent choice; though all admit his thorough-going intelligence, and Prof. Werder vouches for his steadfast will. If insanity is not the word to describe the situation, I should be thankful for a new one, that would discharge the office. Through all the first scene in which we see him and before he has heard of the ghostly Visitant, he speaks only words of the bitterest irony. To the kings tlAnd now, my cousin Hamlet, and my son, he replies in an aside, 45 ltA little more than kin and less than kindW To his inotherls assurance that the death of fathers is tteommonf he flashes back, ttAy, madam, it is commonfl To her question, why it seems so particular with him, he roars, llSeems, madam, nay it is: I know not tseeinsvl In the scene with his fathers spirit and with Horatio and Marcellus afterward, I know no word but hysteriaemale-hysteria, one of the alienists calls itithat will express his l condition. In that touching scene With Ophelia, when her father ttloosed her to himjl the old love, the love of the happy days Nbefore the inevitable wrong began,,7 and his abhorrenee 0f the office forced upon her, contend for masterdom in one of the most tragic scenes of the play, but I do not think the word sanity ought to be used in connection with any part of it. In what seems to me the most pathetieepace trestm, Mr. Lowell and Di . Furnivallethe most pathetic scene of the play, the scene at the poor girlls grave, I hear nothing but Hwild and whirling wordsH and see nothing but a volcanic outburst of elemental madness. And the play wherein he thought he would tteateh the conscience of the kingfl while ingeniously devised, made him no whit more willing to tttake the ghosts word for a thousand pound? than he was when he thought it might be the devil and abused him only to damn him. The trouble with Hamlet is not that he needs any enlighte enment; like all the rest of them, he knows very well what it all means, but will not allow himself to be convinced. That would make him part of the environment which he will not enter. Prof. Werder thinks the turning-point of the drama is that scene in his motherls chamber, where he kills Polonius thinking it was the king. Werder says: ttThe miss that Ilainlet makes, that it is which hits,!but because it is his miss, not his hit, but the hit of Fatefl To almost the same effect Lowell says: ttIf we must draw a moral from Hamlet, it would seem to be that Will is Fate and that Will once abdicating the inevitable successor in the regency is Chance?7 Dr. lVlaudsley, too, has words of similar import: ttMighty it must be allowed is the power of the human Will; that which to him whose will is not developed is fate, is to him who has a well-fashioned will, power; so much has been conquered from necessity, so much has been taken from the devils territoryfl Well, I suppose this is the crux of the matter; but if we are going to talk about Chance, and Fate, and the abdication of the Will, I dont see much need of talking about either the sanity or the insanity of the unfortunate prince. It seems to me that we have abdicated our Western psychology, and would better let the old tent- maker talk for us: mIlhe ball no question makes of ayes and noes, But here or there as strikes the player goes; And He who tossed you down into the field, He knows about it all,eHe knows, He knows.H 46 But I am not ready to give up my love of the play, or my love of Hamlet. When he says to Horatioh HRashly, And praised be rashness for it, let us know Our indiscretion sometimes serves us well, ' When our deep plots do fail; and this should teach us There7s a divinity that shapes our' ends, Rough-hew them how we willlle I do not believe he is thinking of a divinity like the ball-player or a divinity that coddles. He is thinking of an environment that he can choose to enter, and a Power with whom he can will to cooperate, without surrendering his manhood, and all that he values more than the kingdom and the crown. I suppose it would hardly be the proper thing to close such a paper as this without at least asking the question, what does it all amount to? The so-ealled practical questions of food, shelter, and clothing, of means and methods of getting them; of paved streets, limited trains, telegraphs, tele- phones; of markets, of sanitation, of public amusements; are all of incal- culable importanceenothing worthy of the name of civilization can be secured unless these things are first attended to; yet I dont know that one thing that I have said will directly enable you to grow a single potato, or dig an ounce of coal; but I hope they have not simply amused you, much less simply bored you. ' The reasonable life which we would all like to believe we are living, is an immensely complex thing; and the man of affairs, no less than the poet, would like to believe that all those things, with which he busies himself, help to bring a higher and richer form of life. Yet one of the most puzzling things about life is just this: it does not appear that the nation which has the largest and most perfect supply of these tools of living, necessarily has the Hmore life and fuller that we wantfl It would almost seem that it is easier to get the means of living than to serve life by means of them. Rome never had better streets, better means of transportation, a better water supply; finer buildings, finer temples, finer schools; more wealth and all that wealth can bring, more baths, more restaurants, more theaters, more statues, more paint- ings, than she had during the first fifty 01 a hundred years after Augustus found her of brick and left her of marble. Yet, through all those years her real life was appallingewas rotten. And it was in that same period that there became fixed those organic changes which ended in her death, when, as Professor Seeley expresses it, she perished for want of men,;when she had to entrust her defense against barbarism t0 barbarian soldiers bought with the wealth that she had wrung from barbarian provinces. But Whether we are practical men or poets, what we are all trying to do, I mean those who try to be reasonable, is this,iwe are trying to find some way, or some ways, by which we can make our world and our lives more nearly what we all know they ought to be; and there are two ways through which we 47 empt to secure the necessary knowledge. The scientiiie men and the prac- . tmen, for the most part, study the beginnings of life and try to make 1; how, as a matter of fact, such improvement, as we know has been made, come about. The poets have adopted another method; they try to look and and see what the end must be, what the world, and life, and man . ll be in that far away time, when the ape and tiger have died, or pretty 1y died. Of course, any one can see the advantages and disadvantages each method. Without going into that I may say, that is what tithe old , clearest souled of men, i, did when he created the characters of Achilles, gu Hector, andl Nausikaa, and Penelope. That is what Aesehylus did when d reated the Titan with his forethought and unconquerable will, and that l ming chorus with her shamefaced modesty, her wonder, her tenderness, reverence, her invincible fidelity. That is what the old prophet did n he created that wonderful Servant of Jehovah. That is how they do. They seem to think, that if we can see what is inevitably coming, twhat it really is that has bound together the chaotic elements in the - and directed tithe process of the sunsW we can act more intelligently more hopefully in this half-blind present. But the poets are not the ones who have taken this course. The vast intellect of Herbert Spencer, 0f the vastest and profoundest that ever brooded over the hard problems ife, adopted both courses. He assures as, that a time Will come, when petition, that thing which has been so helpful and yet so harmful, shall be stormed in its methods; and we will compete with our brothers and , not as too often now, in deadly rivalry for advantage and gain, but eaceful rivalry for helpfulness and cheer. ttOfIicio nee te certasse priorem -1te-at. Now, young ladies and gentlemen, I hope that in a reasonable time 1- you have left us here, you may each secure a post-offiee and own an omobile; or, at least, have some position that will render your lives orable and comfortable; but I wish you no higher and brighter guerdon honor and success, than that you may each make your own part of this ,- strange world a little more the world that would be worthy of the et prince,H whose life went out so tragically, and yet so triumphantly, in Elsinore. 48 J wcundi cacti labores F. BRANDON CURTI S Professional Abeunt studia in mm- IRENE V. PUTNAM Professional PRESIDEN'PS ADDRESS. F. BRANDON CURTIS. HERE is no reason why we should be knowing beings, except that by knowing we can act better. If force had so manifested itself, that instead of being human beings we had been oak trees, then we would have had no reason to desire to know anything. The oak tree has no knowledge because knowledge, as we know it, would have no survival value to the tree. All of 0111 faculties are results of activities; activities that are used now or have been used in ages past. What might be called the experimentive tendency has perhaps been the greatest tool by which man has gained his knowledge; and it is perhaps safe to say that those people know the most who experiment most. It is also, no doubt true, that of all the animals that have inhabited the earth, those have endured the longest who have profited most by their experiences. The law of survival, only for the lit, has helped to keep the experimentive tendency alive. But resulting more directly perhaps, from the experimentive tendency, than from anything else, is a characteristic of the individual which might be known as rationality. This characteristic is distinct and clear cut, because of its large survival value. It has lived and developed because those individuals have survived best who have been the more rational. That people are irrational and impulsive now is eonsidered by many as good evidence for believing that times were when the individual was even less rational. When man was a lower animal. stooping and growling, fearful of his enemies, struggling, ever struggling for his existence within his environment, then per- haps began this characteristic known as rationality. It began then because its survival value began then; for even in the primitive man the more rational survived. The growth of the rational being has been as evolution. It is not neces- sary to go back to the dim history of the past to see this truth verified. The rational turn of mind has effected all institutions. In the religious world great changes are continually being brought about. From the religious notions held by the ancient Egyptians to those practiced at the present time is indeed a great change. But it can not be said that it is a greater change than the one will be from the present practical ideas of religion, and the religion which will be expressed by the harmoniously developed individual. People through rationality and unbiased thought are beginning to see that religion is not necessarily a thing connected, in some way, with churches, bible studies, min- isters. People are now seeing that there is some difference between that Levefit qzwd Dene femur onus EMMANUEL ANAS TASSOFF Professional Nobilitas sola est atque um'ca virtus CORA BENHAM Professional 51 which might be called ehurehology, and that which seems to be the true religion. . Rationality in politics is likewise expressing itself more and more. The old fashioned Fourth of July speech, as a type of speech making, is gradually declining. People are becoming less easily moved by noise. At the polls the voter is more than ever before expressing his individuality. In spite of all the cries of the politician of Mvote straightH and ttstand patit the voter is marking his ticket in every column7 wherever he thinks he can find an honest man. In educational lines the rational views are rapidly coming to the fore- ground. Education is now thought of as a drawing out, instead of a pouring in process. The Chinese educational system today is absolutely a pouring: in process. They strive, largely, to pour in the stories of their glorious past. They act upon the doctrine of Hwhat was good enough for our fathers is good enough for usW The Chinese individuality does not change, because the people, through their superstition, kill their own self-eXpression. Their civilie zation has been stagnated for centuries, largely because they will present nothing new. Thus in robbing themselves of their own self-expression they have dampered their curiosity and given themselves a one-sided realization. Standing in almost direct opposition to the pouring in process of east- ern nations we find the western countries tending to draw the learner out. In Europe and Ameiea a study of the scienees is steadily increasing, while the humanities are not holding their grounds. Our education is a tendency to draw out from nature her hidden powers and apply them to our needs. In any or all activities ofntan there can be no activity so great as the one which will bring out the full self realization of the individual. No people will be so rational as the people who develop no aspect of the complex self at the expense of some other aspect. No life can be so complete, so large, so real, as the one which has its various parts in concord and in harmony, one with the other. The athlete is too much for the physical and not enough for the intellectual. The Pilgrirrs were too nnueh religious and not enough social, moral, and aesthetic. But somewhere in the medium of these various parts there is a choice which can be made and those individuals making it might be said to be truly rational. $35 Emitur sola virtute potestas ELSIE ELI ZABETH BECK Classic and Profession al Ducit amw patMae JOSEPH CHAMPION Professional VY Mt-v-.- . HISTORY OF PROFESSIONAL CLASS t09. ELSIE ELIZABETH HECK. N THE great number of students that entered the Professional classes last September were hidden some twentyefonr men anll women, Who later became known as the Senior Professional Class. These twentyefour, some Scientitles of 1908, some Scientitics of other years7 some old Classics and still other strangers, yet very welcome ones in our midst, some old teachers, and others longing to begin teachingeethese twentyefour have grown to thirty now. It was not until November 5, 1908, that the Senior Professional Class was organized. At this first meeting it elected the great philosopher Mr. E. L. Vass of the Sunny South, President, and Miss Grace Huhbell, of Valparaiso, Secretary. At the suggestion of its worthy Dean, it chose for its class colors purple and lavender. By this time the class had come to believe that the whole of. life is an education and life itself, in all its phases, is the great school; that there is not a situation in life7 but it leaves its influence on the individual. Therefore it chose for its motto, ttEdueatio est Vitafl From this time on to the close of the term things went on in the usual some coming into their early classes always a few moments after the bell rne nodding their heads; Charles taking his regue ith never a suspicion that Mr. Zinn WRY; had rung; here and there so lar morning naps in Pyschology; and w had designs on a certain young lady with whom he was never seen. However, When the new term opened Mr. Zinn was Often seen going to and from classes with a lady thought to be Miss Ethel Richards, but later found to be Mrs. A. L. Zinn. Long ago the Profess otheers every term. S0 e M. R. Edwards, who says he is it is to Illinois and not Pennsyl time and cash. Miss Edith Ballenger Secretary. The class was determined to enjoy itself socially as It began by watching the old year out and ringing in the new s mean so much to 11s. ional Class established the precedent of electing new arly in December the class elected as President, Mr. from the Keystone state. We notice, though, vania that he goes when he has a little spare succeeded Miss Grace Hubbell as no other class had ever done. year which will alway We all know that our Dean has a very h a great interest in berries. Being interested in berries you may know how delighted he was when he found out he had one of Burbanks new creations in his class under the scientific name of ttHoeken-tt berry. This new berry ig'h respect for farmers, and has Abmzdans cautela non nocet AUBREY L. ZINN Professional EC vitam impendere vem A CLARE G. PARTRIDGE Professional UK has proved itself to be the greatest philosopher of the Professional Department and also the greatest musician N orth Lembke has ever produced. An example of his musical ability was shown to us in his specialty, ztLueky Jimfl This term we welcomed to our number one who had gone to the Land of the Dakotas for the purpose of teaching ; but realizing her inability for the profession at present, came back to join us. However, Miss Irene Putnam still is determined to Press onward, a116, her destination may soon be Cali- fornia. Her cry has been all year tiPress, Press out inttoi the West.,, The class hopes that Press may soon hear her cry. The Class of l09 is proud to be the first one in the Professional Depart- ment to adorn its members with class pins. The class was a very peacefulv one up to this time when a few members began to fear that they would be advertising themselves by having the degree engraved on the pin. We do not know whether they were ashamed to advertise or not; but, after realizing that they had spent twenty-four long, long weeks digging into Dewey while burning the midnight oil, they consented to have the degree engraved on the pin. During the year the class has also learned to be very economical and they have shown this by making their own penants. Some of the boys had their first lesson in cutting letters and sewing, and they went to work at it as though they had had years of experience in sewing. The winter term had now drawn to a close and on March 9th, was the third class election. After one of the greatest nomination speeches ever made, Mrs. Benham was elected President. This speech was given by the great philosopher from the Sunny South, when he showed how woman in ancient days had always been kept in the background and looked down upon. but at the present time she was coming to the front and is now placed on the same level as man. MiSS Nellie Brown was elected Secretary. ' ln third Psychology we had such animated discussions on Love that Harley Stech became very much perplexed when told that a fellow did not love naost when he was telling the girl about it all the time, but that he shows it by his actions. As Harley is such a bashful boy, he had to go to Miss Nellie Brown and ask her for advice, since she was about to graduate in the laboratory work of that course. Another discussion in class, which seemed to perplex our old maid Whisenhunt, was whether or not women were savage as they engaged in hair- pulling contests. The llean replied that he should experiment and find out for himself. He had better try for he will soon iind out. If any one wishes to be informed on the Psychology of Imitation we direct you to Miss Elliott as she has mastered that subject. In Philosophy, Miss Edith Ballenger was asked to compare the prolonged period of infancy in the ascending scale of mammals, and took as her examples the chicken and elephant. Her answer on this question was that the period of infancy of the chicken extended through the time it was in the shell, and 56 Exemz'tatio optimus est magisteo HARLEY A . ST ECH Professional Fidel; certa memes MINNIE SCHLAFLY Professional 57 after it got out it was a youth. The comparison was finished but nothing was mentioned of the elephant. We are sorry to mention here that the one of its best members, Miss Ada Ballard, W who died about four weeks later. member of the class. dy to take up new subjects. dd another ology to their class was deeply grieved to loose ho was called home by the illness of her sister7 In this bereavement Miss Ballard had the sympathy of every Springtime drew near, and some were rea Two of our members, who thought they ought to a course, intended to take up Parlorology, but since Miss Riila Summers and Miss Minnie Sehiefly were deprived of this pleasure, they substituted Sager- ology in its place. Miss Edith Will, who has been working very hard in the Professional course, has been taking Law on the side and we compliment her. During this term the class was given the pleasure of hearing a paper on iiFataIist7 7n, of the Christian church. After read by Rev. Bruce Brow hearing such arguments as were brought before us on this occasion, many of us were left on the fence, not knowing which way to jump. The class was going along peacefully when suddenly Cu; id shot his darts into the class, and took from us our Secretary. She is one of the very few girls who is so proudof her name that she had not the heart to change it. When our Dean was inforine d of this great event, he replied to those present, it This is a good example for the girls of th e Professional class to followf, Girls, listen to the advice given us. At the last class election, after his' grea s still brave enough to mix liani J . Bryan, he won ss ean bestow on a the fourth time the Hoosier state t defeat by Mrs. Benham in March, 1 for the office a second time; but, the Victory and was crowned ny of its members'that'ot has furnished Foster Curtis wa unlike our honorable Wil with the highest honor the ela being our last President. For us with a Secretary7 Miss Irene Putnam. Uncle Ed is now very happy and is wearing a broad smile, as he has brought his treasure from Iiiineis t0 Valparaiso. Elmer Funkhouser has proven that he does not believe in being his brothers keeper, but he does believe in being his brothers interest keeper. We have been shown during ntiuenee environment has upon one. It is indeed very strange e, as for instance Payne, infiuenees some has been noticed that Grace Hubbeli has the year what i how the intercourse with some'peopi to lose color and grow White7 for it grown so. One member of our class has ESt and abroad, and her knowledge of historiea ical and philosophical questions is un everything from the German students beer On account of her vast knowledge and also 0 anything from a German student down to a roug matron of one of the dormitories. May success be hers. traveled extensively through the W 1, physiological, psychological, sociolog- 1imitedeMiss Partridge. She knows stein t0 the coyote of the West. unt of her ability to handle n aceo h rider, she was appointed 58 During the year we have learned what Like and Dislike are, and many in the class have shown their liking for some things. This has been especially noticed in our tall, broad-shouldered editor, Eston Smith, as he has a great liking for very small, chunky Cobbs. Miss Rilla Summers has shown her lik- ing for pictures7 when visiting friends she carries framed pictures off. We have been informed that Mr. Weller is in the conspiracy and the only way we can account for their actions is that they are getting ready to go to house- keeping. You all know that D. L. McTaggart has held an honorable position as a Faculty member. Now he has accepted a position in Valparaiso. Mr. Morris has become so infatuated with the girls from the Sunny South that he has decided to find his fortune in that part of the country. Edward Roth refused to go to the banquet given by the Classic and Professional classes because he has lost his Nellie. Since she is accompanied by another, he has refused to enter society. During the year others have joined our little number until we have reached the number thirty. I can not close without a word about those who joined us later. Although Mr. Anastassoff has not yet been able to master his English vocabulary, still he can capture girls by his sweet smiles. Charles Stech, our youngest member, uses jaw-breakers in class that would cause even Webster to sit up and take notice. He is our Toast-Respondent for the Alumni banquet, and if you wish to understand his address I advise you to bring your dictionaries. Mr. Teigan, our fair-haired Saxon philosopher7 is the greatest orator in the class. MiSS Coudrey has been chosen to inform us What our future shall be. Peterson and- Champion, busy all the time with their Professional work, have had no time for any of the Ologies outside of those required in the course. We now come to our honorable Dean, Prof. Neet. We can not fully express our appreciation of him 'who has shown us that the main aim of education is strong, moral character; or in his words, ilTo make wise and e Virtuous men and women. John G. Hollands ltPrayer 0f the Nation is just another way of putting: much that Mr. Neet has taught us: HGrool give us men! A time like this demands . Strong minds, great hearts, true faith and ready hands. Men whom the lust of office does not kill; V Men whom the spoils of office .can not buy. Men who possess opinions and a will; Men who have honor and will not lie; Men who can stand before a demagogue y And scorn his treacherous flattery without winking7 Tall men, sun crowned, who live above the fog In public duty and private thinkingf, 59 We students esteem Prof. Neet for his vast amount of practical knowledge and for his unique and superior method of imparting that knowledge. We love him for his sincerity7 for his earnestness, and for the exceeding patience and kindness which he exercises toward every student. The class of 1909 will soon be parted, never again to be united as students in the same school; but the parting will draw tighter bonds of friendship and the thought of each other will bring back pleasant memories of college days. And as we part, we can do nothing better than remember the words we have heard our beloved Dean quote so often: HWe shape ourselves, the joy or fear Of which the coming life is made, And fill our futurets atmosphere With sunshine or with shade. The tissues of the life to be We weave in colors all our own, And in the field of destiny We reap as we have sown. 60 Honor habet onus HENRY G. TEIGAN Professional Gratia gratiam parit GRACE HUBBELL Professional CLASS ORATION. SOGIALISM; ITS NATURE, HISTORY AND MISSION. HENRY G. TEIGAN. R. PRESIDENT, Fellow Classmates, Ladies and Gentlemen: There is 110 public question that is producing such con- sternation, such hope,7in general7 such stir in the ranks of the masses as Modern Socialism. Every man Who has his eyes focused on the future is aware of this fact. It is looked at from three different points of View. Its enemies consider it a monster Which Will, if successful7 blot out all that is noble and progressive in man and reduce him to a condition of perpetual servitude. A second class see in it both hope and destruction, and therefore hold toward it an attitude of sus- pense. This second class is made up largely of wage earners and small capi- talists, Who are, as a rule, ignorant of the real purpose of socialism. The third class behold it as a product of economic evolution, in whose name all the nations of the earth shall be blessed. These latter constitute the noblest, the best and the most intellectual part Of our population. Thus stated, we have the different Views and hopes of its enemies and friends, as well as the attitude of those Who have as yet formed no fixed opinion concerning the question. . Let us now brieiiy consider its nature, its history, and its mission. The opponents of socialism have always tried to identify it With anarchy ethat is a state of society Without governing power and in Which every individual would be granted the greatest possible freedom, irrespective of consequences to his fellows. This conception of socialism is easily seen to be false by anyone Who Will take the trouble to investigate. Websterls diction- ary defines anarchy as NA state of society Where there is no law or supreme power 01' Where the laws are not eflicient, and individuals do What they please With impunityfl The same authority defines socialism as lla theory of society Which advocates a more precise, orderly and harmonious arrangement of the social relations of mankind than that Which has hitherto prevailedW The Encyclopedia Brittanica says, mllhe ethics 0t socialism are identical With those of Christianity?7 These evidences should dispel all thought of its being akin to anarchy. The fact is, the two are diametrically opposed. Anarchy stands out as the insane champion of the individual, While socialism champions the cause of society. The former subordinates society to the individual, While the latter subordinates the individual to society. Anarchy wants to destroy governing power; socialism advocates the reconstituting of 62 society upon a basis of absolute democracy. In short, socialism means indus- trial democracy as well as political democracy; and as a necessary ante- cedent, public ownership of public utilities. The history of socialism reveals the fact that it has its foundation in economic evolution and, therefore, must ultimately be realized. Marx and Engels begin the first chapter of the now famous document, ttThe Communist Manifesto? by saying that nthe history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild master and journeymanein a word, oppressor and oppressed stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninter- rupted, now hidden, now open fight,-a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large of in the common ruin of the contending classes. ttIn the earlier epochs of history we find almost everywhere a complicated arrangement of society into various orders, a manifold gradation of rank. In ancient Rome we have patricians, knights, plebeians, slaves; in the middle ages, feudal lords, vassals, guild master, journeymen, apprentices, serfs; in almost all these classes again, subordinate gradationf, These complications of classes and gradations of rank have been swept away, and a distinct line of division has been drawn. Instead. of a dozen divisions, we have tw0,ethe Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat. Bourgeois society sprouted from the ruins of feudal society; and with the destruction of the latter it nourished like the palm tree and grew like the cedar in Lebanon. The decline of feudalism was due to the discovery of new lands and the invention of new machinery. In feudal society man was not to any large degree dependent upon his fellows for his food, clothing and shelter7 since he was sole producer of all that he consumed. Every man was his own blacksmith, carpenter, stone1nas0n,-in short, he was a Jack of all trades, and in him was combined what later on developed into our mod- ern complex industrial system in which every workman forms merely one simple part of an organic whole. Production has been socialized. Man and machine are the forces that mold the product. Because of this marvelous socializing of industry the tendency has been toward the eradication of competing establishments and the formation of monopolies. Nothing exem- plifies this process better than the monopolization 0f the railreads in the United States. They are practically all owned or controlled by a dozen indi- viduals, and it is not illogical to forecast that in less than five years from now the number will have simmered down to two or three. But monopoly is merely an evolutionary product. Monopoly means peace, competition war; monopoly means system, competition chaos. Since then, monopoly is inevitable, the question arises, ttShall it be private or public? Shall a few greedy individuals be allowed to live as parasites upon the labor of the masses or shall every workerewhite, yellow or blackebe given the due products of his toil ? i, We want monopoly, but we want the people to own the monopoly. 63 Socialism offers the solution. It proposes to slay the monster, Capitalism, that for generations past has sapped the life-blood of the nations. It proposes to give to every man and woman an equal opportunity, irrespective of color, creed or nationality. Socialism will solve the liquor question. In every campaign against this evil, we are confronted with an army of the ignorant and dissipated victims of the traffic in command of whom are its beneiieiaries,e-the brewers, the dis- tillers, and the saloonekeepers. If we make the breweries, the distilleries and the saloons public property we will rid this miserable army of its com- manders; and with them eliminated the liquor business will vanish from American soil in less'than a sin gle year. This evil is one among the many that exist, and it is only one among the many that would most assuredly be remedied by socialism. But socialism will do more than grant economic and social liberty; it will not only give to every one the product of his labor and break down the barriers of material progress, it will not only obliterate class distinctions and caste; but it will liberate the spirit of man from the bondage of greed. Under this har- monious state of society, no man will have to despair because he can not com- pete with his neighbor, for he will have no competitor. Humanity can then enter upon its true mission, spiritual development, and man can direct his attention to the higher things of life, such as music, art, morality and religion. He may then truly become the image of' his Creator and live in a veritable paradise of love, peace and happiness. Though this battle for freedom and justice has been long and weary and oftentimes seemed discouraging to the vanguards of the struggle, yet it has not been without results. John Spargo has portrayed the progress of man in these most eloquent words: itLong ages ago, in the infancy of the race, men saw the star of hope rise in the far distant sky, over'the hills of pain. A few, men of infinite courage and faith7 followed the star7 only to perish ' upon the lonely desert. To-day we can look back upon the desert and down upon the plain as we sing our marching songs. For we belong to an army of many millions, and have already marched up the mountain where the star still shines over the Holy Temple which we seek. We shall reach the Holy Temple if we have faith and keep marching on; our children and our chil- drenis children will worship there and fill its aisles with the sweet songs of Freedom and Fellowship. Aye, this million-voiced giant with the scarlet banner in his grasp7 whose tread is shaking the world with the force of an earthquake and whose cry is like the primeval thunderings which Woke the first gray dawn, will reach the Holy Temple at length and seize the star of hope for a sign of Victory and a crown of gloeri 64 Doct'rimz est ingenii naturale quoddam pabulum MRS. H. A. BROWN Professional Certum pefe jinem EDWARD J. ROTH Pro fessional CLASS POEM. REMINISCEN SE. MRS. H. A. BROWN. One day in September when pleasant the weather; In room H, as a Class, we convened together To discuss many questions of paid- ology; And learn the science and art of pedagogy. We found in our lessons the word edu- cation, And laboring to find its signiiication Discovered the school and its organiza- tion; Its watcheword, developmentepride of our nation. When the knowledge of wisdom and virtue was won We at once commenced work in Psy- chology One, And dealt with its units of investigae tion; At first the nerve cell, but later, the sensation. And then our whole attention soon fully is turned The distinction betwixt matter and mind to learn; In vain searching to lind it, our teacher so kind . Says: it Mind is 'no matter and matter never mind? Methods we found, ere we traveled far on this sea, Must be understood to have schools as they should be; Subject-matter, purpose, steps, basis, and devices Combined made teaching seem to us as a crisis. Psychology Two with its hallucinations, Taxed heavily memories, imagina- tions. The other faculties, as hxed by crea- tion, Each added its growth in self-reali- zation. Perception, conception, on to intuition; Step by step we learn each and its definition: How animals reason through associa- tion, Not by abstraction and generaliza- tion. How learning began was to us a mystery, Until we had mastered Painterls great History. In this we acquired a keen apprecia- . tion Of struggles it took to make civiliza- tion. So far in our course we had worthy ambitions; Had been pleased with our work; ' had hopes, aspirations; But these were all scattered like waves on a great sea, When we took up our work in Psychology Three. We just read Dewey over and over again, And finishing knew no more than when we began; By some hard pulling and an occasional shove, We got through intuition and began on love. In this some of our friends did exceed- ingly well; They all seemed to like it, though why I cannot tell; And what at Iirst seemed to beavery vexatious, Finally proved decidedly advantage- ous. Sociology, science of society, Sets forth the numerous laws of propriety; Here we were taught the spirit of tol- eration, Qualiiied to live with all folks in creation. 66 Consilio et pamdentm GUDMUND S. PETERSON Professional Magnum vectigal est pcwsimom'a WILLIAM M. SNYDER Professional Many subjects came up in class for dis- cussion; As anarchy, socialism, law, and 0p- pression: Soon, it It is interesting? our teacher would say, ii But we must now proceed with our lesson today? The thing on which psychologists can- not agree, Is whether the will is, wholly free. Pro and con, was discussed this prob- lem oler and o,er; When we took up our work in Psy- chology Four. or is not We hesitated long, considered this quite well, Before we would venture an opinion to tell. But our class fully decided which it must be Since we now know the Angels believe the will free. 67 Taking Horneis Philosophy of Educa- tion Was the climax in our minds edifica- tion. Systematization we may call the key- note, Of this one great subject over which we most dote. These subjects united make our course now complete, But best of all was association with NEET. His learning, his life, his disposition so sweet; Made us wiser, better, in our lives more discreet. Our task is nearly finished; the goal, as you See, be won when we Bacheloris degree. Going forth in lifels work with its toils and its strife; Let us take our motto, iiEducation is lifef Valparaiso, Indiana, July 16, 1909. Will get our 68 Docendo dicimus . EMMA A. COUDREY Professional Dum vivimus vivamus EDITH M. BALLENGER Professional CLASS PROPHECY. EMMA A. COUDREY. ll thus it is that the magic wand, IME and tide wait for no one, tieal curtain that hides from our which pushes aside the mys View the future, must again be A strange power is this which enables us to peer into the tain just where each of our classmates g, when we shall have been coming years and aseer will be located and what he or she will be doin scattered to the four corners of the earth. May 20, 1925, your prophetess shall be seated in her library reading a finished article on, The Philosophical Aspect of Education, written by Profes- Neet, of Valparaiso University. The production, itself, is a prodigy. Having just finished reading it the door bell rings and upon responding, ' , there stands Mr. Charles Stech, who has just hat I take a trip in it and SOP to my delight t succeeded in perfecting t Visit the Professional class of 1909. Being pleased with the propositio w to manipulate the affair7 0 learn n, a hasty preparation is made, and immediately start on my having been shown he the very latest concerning journey, going first to our Alma Mater t it and our former instructors. As the air-ship is lowered before P rs and exelaims, My an on I halt at Mrs. Benhainls home an t trip. York City, where our former Class it Hotaling ll business, being proprietor mllhe Schwartz.77 We hlaflyls charming book rofessor Neetls door, that honorable gentleman appea to isnlt in it any more is ith Journeying d soon persuade her to act as ehaperon on this all importan The first objective point is New T President, Mr. Curtis, is engaged in the of the eityls largest hotel, which has been named, remain two or three days and while there read Miss So on Sagerology. We next go over to view to find our former Miss Hubbell re to have all things correspond. honi Fate tried to conceal by We learn that our class had one member w naming Smith and find him located at the head of the mathematical depart- ment in Harvard University, trying to demonstrate the fact that sometimes one plus one equals one. Crossing over to Boston we spend Sunda Reece Edwards. We accompany them to church an preached by our former classmate from the text foun ins and are much surprised the ttWhitell niounta forms us that she likes siding there. She in y with Reverend and Mrs. M. d listen to an able sermon d in Prov. 4:7. HWisdom 70 is the principal thing, therefore get wisdom and with all thy getting get under- standingfl We iind our former Miss Ballenger in Pennsylvania, where she is making good use of the German, so assiduously acquired at the V. U., in an institution of which she is iiForemanW My ehaperon suggests that we turn our faces westward. We lower our ship before a large college building in Idaho, we look closely for a familiar face and spy Mr. Hockenbery, who has become a noted botanist but who in classifying the uRosetni ,, found it to be a iiblattW While in the West we have the pleasure of hearing Evangelist Zinn, whose success is said to be unparalleled in all history. One day my ehaperon asked, itWhieh is the most wonderful surgical oper- ation performed by Surgeon McTaggartV thive it upW tiWhy, Lansing, Michigan, of coursefi was the reply. r Going to San Francisco we Visit Miss Will, who still enjoys the iiSommerll and devotes her entire time to landscape painting. She informs us that our philosopher, Mr. Teigen, has linally,-er0ssed'the Rubicon. She also informs us that as our former Class Historian, Miss Heck, could not Wedee-king she has taken another. While journeying, my ehaperon is quite given to conundrums. One day she asked why Miss Summers so enjoys playing crokinole, of course, we readily - see, it is because it affords her such a good opportunity to get a iiWellerY, We pass on to Seattle and meet Mr. Whisenhunt, who has developed into a remarkable poet, and we wonder, iiVVhose letters he has been reading.H At Vancouver, we visit Mr. Harley Stech, who is laboriously engaged in writing a sequel to Miss Sehlaflyis book on Sagerology. Dame Rumour says that Miss Putnam is fast becoming very fond of para- sitic plants, especially the mistletoe, but that she is still pondering the ques- tion, iW7K7hit3h shall it bellii ??? We return to Chicago and while passing over the Union Depot observe a bridal party boarding the train. We readily recognize Mr. Funkhouser, but the lady is a stranger. Passing on to Ferdinand, Indiana, we find Mr. Roth, who, under the faithful instruction of Miss Fabing, is rapidly becoming a noted musician. Our next objective point is Cleveland, where Mr. Vass is practicing hyp- notism with unheard of success. i We journey on to Washington, D. 0., and spend a day at the White House, being entertained by the iirst prohibition president, Mr. Gjemre. Going on to Philadelphia, we meet Mr. Peterson, who is at the head of a large business college, also Mr. Champion, who 'has become a noted instructor in Manual Training and under whose supervision the most fascinating parlor sets, rockers, goearts, and other articles are turned out. Crossing the Atlantic we lower Our ship at London and observing a large crowd assembling in a beautiful edifice, we also enter and learn that the 71 nternational Convention for club women, which assemblage is occasion is an I e, Miss Partridge, on the subject7 The ably addressed by our former classmat Ideal Woman. Going southward to Paris, we learn that our Mr. Morris has become a renowned actor. We pass on to Sofia and find Psychological school. J ourneying on to Berlin we very slight in figure, weighing a Miss Elliot. My ehaperon sugge Mission iields in China. proves to be no other th Mr. Anastassoff serving as Dean in a ined by a remarkable elocutionist, are enterta nformed is bout ninety pounds, who we are i ng home7 we should visit the greeted by a missionary who We now cross the Paciiic sts that before returni This we do and are an our former Mr. Snyder. Ocean. Our last objective point is Denver, Colorado, at which place is locat former Class Poetess7 Mrs. Brown, who always had an opinion of her own, but who would admit that there might be some truth in the saying, iiChange the name and not the letter, Marry for worse and not for betterfi however, she firmly believed that to iiChange neither the name nor the letter, Oneis future happiness couldnk be better? , a We find her belief verified when we v loyally entertained for two whole weeks. We return to our Alma Mater and calmly meditate upon this unsurpassed he world, and as we review the many pleasures and cordial greet- ings, we can but be impressed with a deeper thought than that of our own happiness,, which is, that each member of our former class is putting forth a strenuous effort toward, and rapidly attaining unto7 Self Realization. isit her ideal home in which we are trip over t 72; Absqwe surlore et labore nullum opus Qaeofectmn est CHA RLES C . STECH Profession a1 Ab honesto 7769mm bonum m'hil detewet ESTON W. SMITH Profession a1 TOAST RESPONSE ALUMNI BANQUET. AN AFTER THOUGHT. CHARLES C. STECH. R. TOASTMASTER, Fellow-graduates, Ladies and Gentlemen: A i Ordinarily, it would require a long time to set forth maxims for our ambitious young Seientiiies and Classics, covered by a many seasons? growth of musty language, and to hand out large pack- ages of advice; but I am sure that since we have all been so zeal- ously tt Fletcherizing i: upon our edibles Of a most delicate India rubber teX- ture this evening, it would be best to hear the short of it, paradoxical though it may seem. Throughout the evening it has seemed to me, that the shade of our Old and time-honored friend, who tt came7 saw and conquered,H has been standing by my side and not wanting to see my neighbors outstrip me, has been repeat- ing that time-worn phrase, ttEat, too, Brutefi Ilve taken his advice, reck- ing but little of the disastrous consequences to my digestive apparatus where there is sure to be tt a sound of revelry by nightjl and trusting to those tt Im- mortal Grodsl7 0f Virgil for inspiration now, as the avidity 0f Indianals politie cal climate has increased greatly since those first strenous days of local option. We have gathered here to night to surprise ourselves with the fact that- we have as yet, vigorous digestive apparatuses, inspite of the many N spreads ,' and fudge parties of the year,'aln:0st over, and to whet our appetites for the dainties sure to come when we get home. Incidentally, we, the tt unluekies ii have been bracing up internally for our own ordeals, at the same time, sympathizing with those professional after dinner speakers, the tt knights of the box carW Our last and stiffest year is now almost at a close; our stacks of knowledge tas far as the number of text books we possess and credits goi have varied inversely with the number of times we have slept in class, and directly as the fourth power of the strength and training of our noble chargers, ttthose large roan horses ll and it war elephants? which were truly abominations in the sight of the professors7 but ever-ready helps in the time of exams. tt We all need rest-7 plenty of it; especially those hard-ridden tt bronchos l, of ours. Psychologieally speaking, weive given John Dewey a run for his bank account of jawebreaking words, but we have never succeeded in getting a very effective half Nelson on that vividly-remembered book of his, and it remains for one of our number to immortalize his name as the author of an interlinear translation of Deweyis Psychology. 74 Abundwns cautiom'o' mm nocet EDITH M. WILL Professional Faber qm'sque fo'rtunae suae M . REECE EDWARDS Professional 75 A few weeks of philosophy, With its constant communion With the Shades of long since departed ancients and perpetual rubbing against the antiquated philosophers, has certainly given some of our classmates the NWise lookW In fact, one of them has confessed to me that only a pair of scissors stood between himself and a most bushy and philosophic pair, of brows. But most 'of all a may we congratulate ourselves upon the success of our sociology Class. Some Of its members have really become very sociable, excruciatingly so, and the only thing Which has been a it thorn in their iiesh ii is the are light nuisance, Which presents itself at every street crossing. tAlasI for shady lanesj I see that a few of our friends are already asleep, and so, While they are getting ready for an extra spurt 0n the homestreteh tomorrow, I Wish to extend the thanks 0f the ProfeSSional Class t0 the teachers of this institution, for their guidance during the past; their sympathy for us in the present; and their interest in our future. I trust that we all shall remember their kindness, patience and friendly help, and in spite of the disappointments and secret sorrows, common to all of us, in the years to come, When we Shall think of our student days here, may it be, that, tt memory Will restore the rose and secrete the thornY, No doubt most of our members Will MWield the birch ,, for a time at least, and When they run afoul that inevitable redeheaded boy, Who sits on the front seat, asks disagreeable questions. and industriously Wiggles his front tooth loose, may theyitheni be as resourceful, tactful, and cheerful as they have here learned to be. It Will then be that they may see the philosophy of that saying: tt The teacher: may he live long, and never wax cldW i I N d st: PROFESSOR GEORGE W. NEET 3262c illi. quob est rarissimum. aut facultas auctoritatem aut severitas amorzm beminuit EDUCATION 15 LIFE. GEORGE W. NEET. IFE is change. Where there is no change there is no life. Life is movement. Life is activity. Life is progress. Where there are none of these things found there is no life. A noted philosopher has said to us this: tt Life is the continuous adjustment of the in- ternal and externalfi Education is the continuous adjustment of the internal to the external. There are two views of education Which I want to demonstrate tonight for the purpose of discussion: The popular View of edu- cation and the students View of education. Popular education is considered by some to be a sort of gift. We often hear it said7 tt While getting your educa- tion be sure not to neglect the spiritual side of your life; while you are getting your education be sure not to neglect the moral side of your lifef7 Which would seem to indicate that education is something different from the moral and is something diit'erent from What we term the spiritual. I Wish to say to you tonight that there is no such distinction from the students point of view. Education has to do With the moral; education has to do With the spiritual; education has to do with the intel- lectual. Sometimes we hear it spoken of as if education were to prepare one to do some particular kind of work, or to do this particular kind of work or some other kind of work. It does not seem to me that education is that thing. It seems to me, on the other hand, that education is not a gift Which can be bestowed but is a trophy to be won. It is not something that can be transferred. It is something that one must acquire for himself. It is the growth, the development, the progress of the Whole man or the Whole woman as I see it. Education is simply the development, from the students point of View, of the potential that is in one. Education is the bringing out of that Which is within every one of us. Some noted philosopher has said to us that education is that kind of living Which prepares one to be strong in moral character. Education, in other words, is character forming. Huxley says: it I think that a man has had a liberal education who has been so trained in youth that his body is the ready Servant of his Will, and does With ease and pleasure all the work, that, as a mechanism, it is capable of; Whose intellect is a clear7 cold, logic engine, With all its parts of equal strength, and in smooth working order, to be turned to any kind of work, and spin the gossamers as well as forge the anchors of, the mind; Whose mind is stored With the knowledge of the great and fundamental truths of Nature and of the laws of her operations; one Who, no stunted ascetic, is full of life and fire, but Whose passions are trained to come to heel by a vigorous Will-the servant of a tender conscience; Who has learned to 78 love all beauty, whether: of nature or of art7 to hate all vileness, and to respect others as himself.,, J ohn Milton says, ttI call a complete and generous education that which fits a man to perform justly, skilfully, and magnahimously all the offices, private and public, of both peace and war.H I wish you to note that in all these quotations of these various philosophers the central thought is that education is life. Education is living, and living so as to bring about a development in our lives in the sense in which we should develop. There is something in our American blood7 in some way, that points towards the fact that most people believe that education is in some respects a sort of impractical thing; that there are certain kinds of work that it is all right to do, but not just the proper thing for the educated man to do. Life of necessity is activity. All the happiness that we know anything of in this world comes because of activity. All happiness, of necessity, must be the result of work. Every one of us will find our highest happiness in our work. All of us must work, or nearly all of us. Ninety-eight or ninety-nine per cent of the people of the United States must work for a living. There are only two classes of people who do not work, in the ordinary sense of the term. These are the American tramp and the social four-hundred in our large cities. Each is a parasite upon society. They are hunting for irritation, they are hunting for stimulation and have no set work to do. I wish to convey the idea that education is not an impractical thing. There is no work which is all right for other people to do, but which would be degrading and undigniiied for the educated man to do. Education, since it is living, and life, reaches out at any rate in six direc- tions, concerning which I wish to speak to you this evening. If we are to be developed individuals, and all around developed individuals, we must of course be developed physically. Not to develop ourselves physically is not as a rule to develop ourselves mentally. The danger of it is inefficiency. I would say to you tonight that a strong body, a developed body that functions properly is the solid foundation of all education and progress. In my work in teaching for nearly a quarter of a century now, I have had a large number of physically defective people in my classes and I have had an opportunity to notice their efficiency. With the exception of two cases, as I was thinking it over today, I have not had a single person who lacked a good physical foundation who has been even moderate as a student, so the chances are all against one. Let me repeat that rhysical education is the sure foundation of all progress and the person who neglect his physical education runs the risk of'being inefficient. If society exrects the schools to send into life actual men and women, society must send into the schools potential men and women. We cannot create. We can only lead out and stimulate and cause to come forth. This it seems to me :is what the poet had in mind when he said: 79 tlTruth is within ourselves; it takes no rise From outward things, whateter you may believe. There is an inmost center in us all, Where truth abides in fullness, and around, Wall upon wall, the gross fiesh hems it in, ' 9? 9t 9t 9t t it And to know Rather consists in opening out a way Whence the imprisoned splendor may escape, Than in effecting entry for a light Supposed to be without.H stHeaven is not reached at a single bound, We build the ladder by which we rise From the lowly earth to the vaulted skies And mount to the summit round by roundll There is also danger of over emphasizing the physical side of our life. This danger is that it Will lead to immorality. In the worlds history no nation has carried the physical so far as the Spartans and Athenians, the Greeks. The Spartans and Athenians made the physical education the end of their lives. As a result of this they became corrupt and immoral. It is a noted fact that prize fighters and folks Who engage in exhibitions of this kind and live almost Wholly for the education of the physical side of their lives are very immoral. There is not a single instance of one Who has remained honest, upright and a good man. All of them go to the bad. There is no single exception. The thing that education is to do is 'to develop, lead out. strengthen, stimulate and quicken the physical side of the students life When he comes to school in harmonious relation to the other side of his life, 9f Which I wish to speak a little later. All Of us know that man has an intellectual nature and all know that this must be developed-the power to know, to get knowledge, the power to grasp and comprehend. Man is an intellectual being, I take it, that he may act better. Why should man have been developed as an intellectual being, if it were not that he should act better as an intellectual being. The school courses of study are arranged and adapted to the development of the intellect and that is all right, provided it is not developed out of its proper relation. In the school courses we have some studies that are there only for the purpose of developing the intellect. It has been said that mathematics is a subject par excellence for the development of our intellects, a subject to enable us to grasp situations quickly. In my Opinion mathematics as an educational Whetstone has been over estimated. I find that those Who hold up mathematics as a sub- ject par excellence for a discipline for the mind take rather snap judgment on the question, i. e., they reach the conclusion Without analyzing the question. Observation does not show us that it is the best subject in the school courseto develop our intelleets, in my Opinion. Mathematics deals With the kind of reasoning that is definite and fixed. It cannot be any other way. The kind of reasoning that the young person needs is the kind that teaches us how to ' deal With the deep questions of life, of morals and the ethical and economical questions. The other fellow is not a mathematical equation, neither can he be 80 manipulated. There are famous teachers of mathematics who hardly have common sense in the practical affairs of life. Unless things can be reduced to a mathematical equation they cannot see them. On the other hand, it seems to me7 that the subjects which best of all, perhaps, will aid us in becoming efficient thinkers as men and women of society are the subjects of History, Literature, the ScienceszeBotany, Zoology, Nature study, etc., and so far as mathematics contributes to this is it beneficial. I would not have you under- stand that I do not think it is a valuable subject in school. I would only say that mathematics as a subject to serve as a whetstone to our wits and make us keen intellectual men and women has been over estimated. It is of inestimable value in some of the sciences. There is no other one of the living species that has so long a period of development as the human. In medical jurisprudence the periods of life are about seven. There are two periods of life before birth. One is called the embryonic and the other the foetal period. Then there comes the period of infancy, the period of childhood, the period of adolescence, the period of adult life, and period of old age. The period of infancy in medical jurispru- dence extends to about the time when one has lost his first set of teeth. The period of childhood extends to about fourteen; the adolescent period from thirteen or fourteen to twentyyfive and the adult life from there on until old age, old age being the last period. I am placing this before you as I wish to show you the natural period of growth and development and education, and of making actual what is potential in man. The iirst, the period of infancy, is the period of home life and it is the time in the life of the child when he is learning many things. There is no other period in life when the child learns as much as in this period. There is one thing in the home which the home should stand for in the education of the child and that is a hrm and iixed idea that it is necessary for him to be obedient. In our school work on the Hill we like to say that obedience is the cardinal idea that the home has to contribute. Obedience through love, if we can get it, but obedience anyhow. The next period, the period of childhood, is7 of course, the period of the public school. I mean the school below the high school7 the elementary school. The next period is the adolescent period, when we look forward into life and life is bright and happy. It is the period of transient interests. One time the learner wishes to specialize in this, another in some other thing and the next year he wants to follow some other line. It is the period of transient interests, as I said, and is the period when he is trying out to some degree the course he will follow throughout the balance of his life. It is the period of development, preeminently. It has been said the first five or six years in life are the most impressionable. It has even been attributed to Voltaire that he said: ii You give me a child for the first five or six years of his life and I can mould his whole future life. We do not believe that this is true any more. We believe the most impressionable period is the period of from seventeen, eighteen or nineteen untilitwenty-five or twenty-siX. This is only approximate. The 81 natural period of education is from the time of birth until we are about twenty- five years old. Now I want you to look at that with me. The home for the first four or five or six years, the common school for the next seven or eight years, the high school for the next three or four years, the University for the next three or four years and then the individual will be twenty-one or twenty- two years old. He ought to have by that time a liberal education. He ought to have some knowledge and ought to know enough of the world that he may feel pretty much at home in any department and then after that comes the time in our life for specialization. I should say from twenty-one or twenty-two until twenty-five or twenty-siX is the time for specialization in our lives. Too many of us, I fear, do not have as good a general education as we ought to have, or would like to have, because we do not have this development and we specialize too soon. First of all, if education points to anything, it is, be a man or woman and then a doctor, lawyer, teacher or farmer, I care not what. Education is not a gift or something that can be bestowed. The teacher is not one on whose shoulders you can ride to an education. The teacher is an eX- perienced traveling companion to guide and direct one in the pilgrimage towards education. So much for the intellectual life. The next aspect is the esthetic. In the education of the individual this is to be developed. There are two dangers lurking for us here. One is that we may educate the esthetic in its isolation and the other is that we may neglect the esthetio altogether. It is a common observation that those persons who develop the esthetic, t0 the neglect of the other side of life, I refer to artists, painters, architects, sculptors7 poets and musicians, are noted for their eccentricities. All of us have noticed that they must wear long hair and that they must be peculiar. They get the notion that there is something in their education that makes them better than other people and that they are made of a little better clay or material than other people. Now there is nothing in esthetic education that Should do this. There are exceptions to all of these things. I am only refering to the danger. A large class of us perhaps neglect the esthetie educa- tion almost entirely. We know more about most anything else. It seems to me that we know more about great pictures, architecture, statues and work of the great sculptors of the world than of other things. Of course we know more about literature, as it is a saving part of esthetics in our schools. It may be asked, what is the good of educating one esthetically. There are several goods. In one way it makes life happier and makes it brighter and one gets more out of living. It makes one want to live and live a larger and richer and more useful life. On the other hand, it has an effect on the moral and social side of our lives. Charles Darwin gave expression to a thought of this kind towards the close of an eminently useful and successful life. He says that in the early part of his life he was fond of music and paintings and sculpture antl poetry but that lately he had been trying to read poetry and listen to music and he found it so nnutterably dry that it nanseated him and he found himself 82 little more than a machine for grinding out generalizations from observed data. Here then lurks in our way two dangers, one of neglecting the esthetic and the other of not taking it in its organic relation to the rest of life. When we see the great paintings, great pieces of music, ete., it causes a feeling of admiration to come over us for the power that can create them. While the artist was making these things he was putting the best part of his life into them. He lived an ideal and noble life and when we really come into possession of the artists view, we for a time live an ideal and noble life and truly this is better than not to have lived it at all. The esthetie leaves its impression and one be- comes dissatisfied With the ugly, and noise, and discord and the unharmonious. It leads towards order and proper habits and has a moral influence on one. The moral side of our lives should be educated. There are two dangers here, as before. There is danger of isolating the moral side of our lives and also of carrying it to the extreme. If one becomes much afraid of what he says for fear he will say something he ought not to say, this fear inhibits endeavor, it stagnates activity. It makes one hesitate and makes one shirk rather than work. On the other hand there is a danger of neglecting this aspect of life. The schools do not systematically cultivate morals. It is not true, that education tends to make people rascals. It tends in the other direction. In our schools, as I said, there is nothing that systematically cultivates the morals and it is simply marvellous how much there is in society that is not strictly moral. I am not a pessimist, neither am I an optimist, but as the colored man said ti I am a posse-mist,i7 i. e., I believe that we can. It is simply remarkable how far short people fall in their moral point of view. It is simply marvellous how much lying is done. I have thought much about it but do not make much out of it. There is much deception that is really lying, but we do not care to call it that. We would like to give it frills and feathers, but that is what it is. It is a game and some have learned to play it well. With a remarkably large number of people it is a game and they play it well. I can not tell where the game ends and the other part begins. If I go out to the ball game and see the boys play ball: I see the pitcher standing in his box and the batter ready to knock the cover off of the ball if he can. The pitcher throws the ball and makes him believe, if he can, that it is going to hit him and then just as it reaches the batter it curves out nicely over the plate and the umpire calls it a strike. He deceived the batter, but it is the way they play the game. The catcher stands behind the bat and there is a man on first base and one on third. When the pitcher throws the ball the man on first base starts for second base and the man on third base is watching for a chance to get home. The catcher draws back as though he were going to throw the ball to second base and then throws it to the man on third base and catches the runner. It is deception but that is how they play the game. Did you ever buy a barrel of apples and find on the top of the barrel a lot of rosy eheeked apples and on the the other end, too, if you happened to take it out iirst. Then in the center of the barrel you find little scrawny7 wormeeaten, shriveled, sour things. It is a part of the