University of Wisconsin Superior - Gitche Gumee Yearbook (Superior, WI)

Text from Pages 1 - 82 of the 1908 volume:

.1 1 08 THE FIRST GITCHE PUBLISHED AS AN ANIMAL AT STC igflLlO1 JTm dan hill library University of Wisconsin superior SUPERIOR, WISCONSIN 54880 SX TB'RIOF . A TYPE OF TRUE WOMANLY GREATNESS JENNIE HOGAN ROXIMITY distorts vision. Standing at the foot of a great monument, one cannot appreciate its magnificent height. Great men, great events, great epochs, grow as we recede from them; and the rate at which they grow in the estimation of men is in some sort a measure of their greatness. Perhaps we can find in all history no more remarkable example of this truth than that exemplified in the life of the Shepherdess Girl of Lorraine. Though volumes have been written about heroes and hero-worship, brief has been the space allotted to the truly great among women. Until the present century society has been too busy developing man to give woman her due attention. But now, “the woman’s soul is rising.” In this her century, would it not be well for us to consider the world’s heroines and to choose one to be the type of our twentieth century ideal? And her characteristics, what shall they be? First will be chastity, the mother virtue of womankind; then wisdom, tempered with love and truth; and self-restraint, coupled with fortitude. These arc the arch virtues, drawn from Plato’s Republic. History reveals many women noted for either self-sacrifice, purity of character, or for the accomplishment of a noble purpose in face of terrific opposition. But where may we find one in whom are combined all these characteristics? VVe arc dazzled by the beauty of the sacrifice of Jephthah’s daughter; startled by the magnificence of Esther; and we pause to gaze with enthusiasm at the character of Judith. To Judith, of all Bible characters, apochryphal or authorized, must be accorded the title of great—a woman of beauty so rare that Holofcrnes said, “Who can despise the people of the Hebrews who have such beautiful women?” We see Judith praying for the salvation of her people; see her, impelled by the voice of her Jehovah, penetrating the ranks of the Assyrians and by artifice ingratiating herself; see her then standing before her redeemed people, in her hand the head of the slain Holofcrnes. Heroic self-sacrifice, unbounded fortitude, arc Judith’s titles to the epithet of great. But with true greatness must always be associated truth and chastity. Judith achieved her purpose through deceit and the sacrifice of her virtue. Cleopatra, the magnificent-minded, lived a wicked life; Christina of Sweden for her conscience’ sake resigned a crown, but she scandalized all Europe by her eccentricities; Marie Theresa, “the Mother Queen of Germany,” won all hearts by her beautiful motherhood, but she regretted her duties as empress. Her patriotism was ever over-shadowed by a desire for mere family aggrandizement. The “Virgin Queen” of England, the sagacious, vigilant Elizabeth, detesting war; developing the natural resources of her kingdom; establishing manufactories; PAGE THREE £775' GIT CIIE GUM EE making labor honorable; sending Frobisher to penetrate the polar seas, Sir Franci: Drake to circumnavigate the globe; administering justice in the courts with impar tiality; ruling her country “for the people if not by the people”—to this Virgin queen GITCHE perhaps, we may accord the title of the truly great. We agree that as queen, Elizabctl GUMEE is almost incomparable; but as a woman, was she not the personification of artfulncs and maliciousness? and have not her most zealous biographers questioned her right to the title of “Virgin Queen”? Later, we come to Victoria, that pure flower of English history. Marvelous was the colonial development during her reign; for, although this was growth quit independent of constructive statesmanship on her part, yet, in the words of Lore Laurie, “The cause was primarily the personality of Queen Victoria.” She had sounc judgment and a good heart. Though gone, Victoria still lives in the hearts of hci subjects. Her life, while one of utmost beauty, was not characterized, however by any act of supreme self-sacrifice for the good of Great Britain or the world. Where, then, shall we seek for a character whom we may exalt as an ideal: Go to the hills of Lorraine. Pierce the mystic solitude of the Dromremy forests The early morning sunlight seeks to filter thru the dense foliage. Matin bells of distant hidden monasteries ring thru the holy silence. Joan of Arc is at her shrint communing with the saints. A maid of medium stature, with hair hanging in beautiful profusion, and with a face plain but transfigured with an expression which is as the mirror of things divine. She is listening to voices—voices calling her away from the fields, away from the sheep, away from her home, away from her shrine; calling her to plunge into battle, to save her country, to suffer contumely, to meet death at the stake. And what abilities, what preparation, had this simple country maiden of sixteen to win the confidence of courtiers and kings; to arouse her fainting countrymen to new deeds of patriotism; to march against Orleans; to win the memorable victory of Patay, and to rescue France from the bondage of the English? She had neither money nor influence; she lived on the frontiers of civilization; she had never left her native hills; she knew none but simple shepherd folk; she had never been in the saddle nor had in her grasp a sword; she could neither read nor write; but she could spin and sew, and she knew the fabulous stories of the saints. This was the extent of her learning. What did she know of courts, of armies, of war? Nothing. Thus equipped with simplicity and poverty, she went out as commandcr-in-chicf of the first army she had ever seen, and saved an empire! We do not claim that other women have not done great deeds. We agree that the world owes to Godiva, to Deborah, to Florence Nightingale, to Frances Willard, to Jane Addams, to thousands of noble women, the greatest homage. But we do claim that Joan of Arc triumphed over the most terrific odds ever faced by man or woman. Without education, without influence, without experience; distrusted, ridiculed, scorned; facing prophesied death and, what was worse than death, the heartless ingratitude of her own nation,—she accomplished the most remarkable victory ever recorded on the pages of history. Ask Joan whence came her strength to struggle against these odds, and she will tell you that she was divinely sent. To her, if not to us, the voices were a reality. She believed in them and in herself. Some cry out, “Our own hearts teach us that God, the All-Loving One, detests war, and that he would never inspire woman to lead man into the gates of hell. Joan was the victim of hallucination.” Let us concede the point that the Maid of Orleans was a mere dreamer of dreams, PACE FOUR r one who imagined herself the savior of her country and acted accordingly. Does not the very concession prove her a more remarkable character? Take away all possibility of divine assistance, and she becomes a still greater hero. Psychologists agree that nothing but Joan’s exalted character made her work possible. “Except ye become as a little child”—that was the secret of her power. Innocent of all evil, filled with a divine trust, her very inexperience became an armor protecting her from fear and from dread. Follow Joan across the battle field, weep with her as she weeps o’er the fallen enemy, go with her into the courts, watch her negotiating with the foe, and you will agree that the Maid of Orleans detested war. Peace, justice, truth, were what she desired; and for these she said, “YVe must work as well as pray.” What a lesson in these words alone, that to realize the ideal we must battle with the real! Yes, Joan the Maiden became Joan the warrior. She abandoned the externals of womanhood and assumed the arduous role of man, performed the duties usually regarded as most antithetical to woman’s nature; and yet research has revealed the astonishing fact that she never once became a creature unsexed or indelicate. Ever was she in the noblest sense a womanly woman. Her life has taught the succeeding generations that a true woman's sphere is wherever she can help mankind—in the workshop, at the desk, in the school, in the hospital, or on the field of battle—and that everywhere she may keep her life clean and holy. Though there may have been forces at work which would have accomplished the redemption of the French without Joan, yet the fact remains that a peasant girl accomplished in less than three years what centuries of princes and kings were unable to do. Who can estimate the silent influence this had upon her fellow countrymen? “The populace saw in her a likeness to the Virgin Mary;” they exalted her, they sainted her, they worshipped her; the men at court, realizing that she personified the power of the people, fearing her influence, damned her. That diabolical trial at Rouen, that black blot upon history, was really a tribute to Joan’s greatness. A weakling, a creature plastic in the hands of the powerful, might have lived to enjoy the fruits of her labor. Joan was too magnificent to live. We may say of her, as was said of Phillips Brooks, “Greater than this life was the leaving of it.” While seeking to condemn her, the judges unconsciously revealed to humanity the immaculate purity of the life of the peasant warrior. Then, as she mounted the funeral pyre—mounted without a friend to comfort her—and as the fire rose in billowy flames, what did her deportment reveal? Frenzy? Soul-torturing anger at her countrymen’s ingratitude? Ah, no! Exalted peace, faith in humanity, faith in God, “purest trust in the universe.” “Ten thousand men wept.” Well might they weep! Her executioner knelt at every shrine praying for pardon. Well might he pray! “We have burned a saint; a white dove is arising from the ashes.” Poor, blind humanity! How often do we stand too near a monumental character to realize its greatness! Joan of Arc was burned at the stake, and the fire that consumed her tender flesh has burned deep into the minds of humanity and made the world think long, long thoughts. Joan’s was not a temporal kingdom; but as the centuries have come and gone, and as empires have risen and fallen, and republics have sprung from their ruins, there has been builded for the Martyred Maid a great spiritual kingdom in which she reigns as a true womanly woman, the type of our twentieth century ideal. We see in her a hero who lived for her country but suffered and died for humanity; PACE FIVE died to teach that the world is growing better; died to point out the way to th “great, far-off Event towards which the whole creation moves,—when the blindir veil of ignorance and superstition shall be rent in twain, when the dastardly care of the scaffold shall be terminated forever, when politics shall be clean, and juri unbribed; when woman shall have CAT CHE GUM EE “Set herself unto man, Like perfect music unto noble words; When man and woman Sit side by side,—full summ’d in all their powers, Distinct in individualities— But like each other—even as those who love. Then comes the statelier Eden back to man. OSHK.OSH+ THE CRUCIBLE OF THE NATIONS BERT N. WELLS N the dim light of medieval tradition, there is revealed to us the figui of the aged alchemist, who wills to draw from his many elemen the gold for eager men. He gazes intently at the materials befoi him. He takes one element; he rejects another; he puts the chose ones into the melting-pot. Strong as the molten mass within is hot, the crucible holds to the shape its maker gave it. The fusio is accomplished, and with infinite patience the process is repeated agai and again. Fired by the hope of a golden gleam, the man grows gray with the endle: selection and endless mixture of the substances at his hand. '1 here is a modern chemist whose material is human beings, whose crucible w« shaped in a new and better mold and tried in the furnace of civil war, whose cn is the gold of national character. It is given to this American people with its crucibl of Anglo-Saxon institutions to search out the character elements of the myriads c foreigners within our borders, to eliminate all that is base and unworthy in then to preserve the qualities that arc good, and to fuse them into one mighty whole,-into a more perfect civilization than the world has ever seen—more perfect becau incorporating more of the elements of a complete humanity. God has given to no people the solution of a greater problem. War will n( solve it. All the force of a million arms cannot accomplish it. Only by the wa of brotherly love, of broad human sympathy and deep human insight, will the gol be secured. To no other people could such a task be entrusted, and into no othc pace six V. crucible than that of American institutions could so many various elements be poured without the destruction of the crucible itself. To the England from which came the Pilgrim Fathers, we owe an everlasting debt of gratitude for the strong basic elements of our crucible. There, first among the nations of Europe, were asserted the rights of the many against the rights of the few. And there, from Magna Charta to the Bill of Rights, the rights of the many gained in ascendency until monarchy was but a check upon democracy. When the fathers of the American constitution constructed “the most perfect piece of work ever struck off at one time by the mind and purpose of man,” they cut off from monarchy and aristocracy the last vestige of their inheritance of the ages, and made the will of the people supreme. From England we received our body of common law, and from the same England we received the spirit of the laws—the spirit of “fair play.” To the mother who gave our nation birth, then, be everlasting thanks; for “Law is the deep, august foundation, whereon peace and justice rest.” Add to English law perfected the principle of religious toleration ingrained in the American system—the principle which permitted Puritan, Huguenot, and Catholic to unite in the formation of our national government, and the principle which has freed us from the Old World curse of religious feuds. Much we owe in the development and maintenance of American institutions to this toleration which holds sacred to every man his choice in the worship of his God. The nineteenth century bequeathed to civilization many precious gifts, but none more close to human welfare than the principle of universal education, the gift of America. Democracy brought forth the first application of this principle; for no democracy can long exist without it. In a government by the people, “ignorance is a crime,” for ignorance, a necessity to the existence of despotism, strikes at the heart of democracy. America, through free schools, is lifting and shall continue to lift the ignorant and morally uncertain masses into the clear realm of reason and rectitude of purpose. With the greatest instrument ever possessed by any people, this nation shall produce the mightiest intellectual and moral host the world has ever seen. English law, religious toleration, and our system of public instruction afforded the opportunity for the making of the America of today, and in them lies the making of the America of tomorrow. Put into this institutional crucible the suppressed and hidden powers of peoples of eighty races. What infinite possibilities shall leap to light! What mighty forces shall come into action! What glorious works shall be wrought! But who shall watch over the molten and seething mass? Who shall see the promises of gold in the mixture? and the evidences of impurities? Who shall draw off the dross and mold the gold? We, the already assimilated Americans. We, who number among our ancestors many Old World races. From as many sources come these new people. Peasantry from the hogs of Ireland, from the squalid villages of Italy, from rugged Norway, from the plains of Hungary and Poland and Finland, wanderers from the old Grecian cities, worn toilers from Sweden and Germany, Jews from out the realm of Russian oppression, blindly seeking for the better thing—all these alien hordes, congregated in the tenements of the “slums,” working in factories and in mines, arc the substances with which we, as the chemist, must work. The clods of many nations—a million and a half added in 1907 to the already innumerable throng; men whose nobler and finer instincts have GI TCI IE GUMEE PACE SEVEN lain dormant under the load of centuries of monarchy and aristocracy; cattle in the yoke of landlordism; brute beasts of burden; men with tiger passions of resentment against that law which made them economic and political slaves, and against all laws—these arc the materials with which we must deal. Tremendous task! We ask “What mysterious hand Has thus uprooted from their ancient place These myriad exiles, cast them on our shore, And what the purpose?” We glimpse the answer in the poet’s second query: “Shall our country be The crucible of nations whence a race Shall issue in dim ages to restore God’s image to mankind, and make men free?” But the immensity of the task appalls us. Wc turn to the great social laboratories in the large cities—the social settlements—where, through experience in direct contact and work with these strangers to our customs, we may learn of the temperaments and possibilities of the alien and of the ways of dealing with him to make the most of him. We come to a hopeful attitude. There wc learn that in bringing about a solution of the alien’s problem of assimilation wc solve a great American problem; that through lifting him from the dormancy of many generations wc broaden and raise American civilization. May not the Celtic and Latin elements of this great contact and mixture of cultures soften and idealize the material nature of the American? May we not be gentler in our thoughts and feelings because of the addition of the Slavic elements? May not the golden calf cease to be our idol and we become more able to enjoy the beautiful things of life? With our broader natures shall we not be more scientific, more progressive, more daring in all lines in the search for infinite truth? If these arc worthy ends, and if wc desire that these new peoples shall make the most of themselves in the service of mankind, then these strangers within our gates must be made to realize that they arc to live in America and not underneath America. Picture this huge mass from the peasantry of Europe crowded into the unhygienic tenements in the “slums” of our great cities. Picture then the broad and fertile plains of the West and the riches of the undeveloped South. A monstrous inconsistency! Wc must sec that these followers of the plow, trained by centuries of work with the soil, shall find occupation suited to the powers within them. Picture the children of these aliens working at the same never-ending tasks day after day in the tenements. Picture them in the glass works of southern New Jersey. Think of hands delicately sensitive to every artistic impulse picking coal in the mines of Pennsylvania. What a waste of living genius through lack of opportunity! Lest the hope of America—the second generation—be dwarfed in youth, we who think of America’s future must see to it that these builders of the future arc brought within the influence of the school, and there by a full and free development raised from the thralldom of circumstances into the kingdom of mastery. There, through Industrial Education, wc must train the mind, that when it secs a human need, it may body forth in imagination the instrument to fill that need; there we must train the hand, that it may shape into physical form the creature of the imagination. Give this education PACE EICHT to these thousands with eager minds and hands, and, emancipated from the drudgery of industrial slavery, they shall enter into the joyous freedom of creation, where each is a god in his sphere, where art and industry arc one; then the works of man in this American nation shall be like the works of God—made with a free purpose and a free hand. Not only to add new elements is the duty of the chemist, but to cast out the worthless, the destructive. We must eliminate the folly of regarding law as the enemy of liberty—a habit formed under despotic rule and unsuited to government by the people. Anarchy must not breed within our borders because of the unjust policy of Old World despots. We must see that political corruptionists shall not long find their supremacy through influencing those yet ignorant of our language, our government, and our social conditions. We must soften the passion of the Mediterranean and let him know the sufficiency of government in the punishment of wrong. Not only should we cast out the hurtful, but we should retain the good. We must recall the best of the foreigner’s past. We must recognize his true heroes as we expect him to recognize ours. For the love of country of Arnold von Winkelricd is as sublime a patriotism as that which beat in the heart of Nathan Hale. Divine heroism and righteousness of deed should find their acknowledgment in nothing less than the universal heart of mankind. And so, filled with the true spirit of democracy, the desire of the more efficient to lift the less efficient into efficiency,” let us enter into the sublime task before us. Recognizing the humanity in these aliens, we must discern its quality, and knowing the potentialities of each, we must aim to develop the good, though buried deep. And forget not the secret of it all. By the sympathy which the Man of Galilee showed in his work among men, he lifted them from the lowest depths of degradation to the heights of nobility of character. By the sympathy which we show toward these strangers in all the activities of life where men meet men, we shall lift them into the exercise of their powers, we shall aid in their assimilation into this American people. And thus, as with all human deeds, the good shall be to the giver as well a«( to the receiver. America shall receive many fold for the w-ork she will have done. The past shall live again in the lives of these ignorant Italians and Poles and Jews and Greeks. Touched by the magic wand of human sympathy, breathing the free air of a new' opportunity, there shall arise a new' Michelangelo to build a new St. Peter’s, a new Moses W'ith a new and finer moral code, a new Homer with a new epic picturing the wanderings of many peoples, a new Beethoven with new sonatas, a new Goethe with new Fausts. And from this crucible of the nations there shall come forth the golden age of this new empire—this Empire of a Free Humanity. GITCHE GUMEE PAGE NINE G1TCHE GUM EE TLA.TTEVJLLE THE RISING STAR OF THE ORIENT JAMES R. WALLIN HE present industrial stage of the world is the Atlantic and her encircling lands. Her broad expanse of water opens to receive the commerce of the world. She is the highway of the products of industry. Her ships arc the mistresses of the sea. Her people arc the industrial geniuses of the world. But with the cvcr-onward progress of civilization toward the setting sun, transforming desolate plains and stony mountains into beautiful gardens and spacious storehouses, the broad billows of the Pacific open to receive the implements of modern industry and to bear them to a distant land and to place them in the hands of a new people—a people whose industrial genius has not found superior during all time, a people whose inventive ingenuity was the first to assert itself on the face of the earth. The world’s greatest stage of commercial activity in the future will be the Pacific ocean. The people into whose hands the implements of industry arc to be transferred arc the Chinese. The greatest transformation of the twentieth century will be the transformation of China. We of the western world often regard the Chinese as a people unworthy of our thought and consideration, as a people too conservative to progress in civilization. True, they have been conservative in the past. They were proud, and justly proud, of their achievements. They thought their civilization the highest in the world. They refused Western learning; but that learning was presented to them with an air of pride and exultation. The Chinese have at length thrown aside their prejudices, and have opened their doors for the reception of Western culture. So let us throw aside our false ideas and look the Chinese question squarely in the face, and “render unto China what is her due.” The three things on which national existence depends are religion, government, and industry. In order that any people may maintain their existence in our present day civilization, they must keep pace with the ever-changing ideas of religion, government, and industry. Will the Chinese be able to maintain their existence and to take their place in the developed East? Is China able and willing to keep pace with the ever-advancing ideals of civilization? We often regard the Chinese moral code as one founded on superstition, as a code devoid of any virtue. The fact is, they have a moral code which contains many commendable things. This code was expounded by two of the great philosophers of all time, Confucius and Mencius, men whose thoughts arc at least on a level with those of Socrates or any Greek philosopher. This code embodies the Golden Rule, the highest sentiment in our own religion. It exalts intellectual attainment above military attainment. Nowhere in the world has intellectual achievement been held on so high a plane as it is in China. PAGE TEN Yet Confucianism has been China’s curse! One prevailing sentiment has been the banc of China, and that is ancestor worship. It has held dormant the abilities of a great people. It has frozen the stream of China’s progress. The Chinese have at length realized its destructiveness, and, with their great genius in remedying an evil, they have begun to cast it out. In many places in China, that wealth which was wont to be sacrificed to the spirits of ancestors is now given to the spirits of posterity by dedicating it to the erection of schools and churches of a modern type. “The religious change which has come over China since the Boxer Rebellion is nothing less than a revolution,” which would have been characterized in the western world by war and bloodshed. Christianity is fast taking the place of the old “ancestor worship.” The sabbath has been declared by the empress dowager a legal holiday. The Bible is being read in many of the schools of this country as a text-book. Such a revolution of religious ideas could take place only among a thoughtful, considerate, and progressive people. We often look on China as a country of crude laws, or as a country of no laws at all. She has a well-defined code of laws that has stood the test of three thousand years. She has a governmental organization under whose banners kingdoms have been conquered and tribes subdued until the banner of the Dragon floats over one-fourth of the population of the world and over an area far greater than that of the United States. This government has ruled more people, for a greater length of time, under more adverse circumstances, than any other government in the world. Picture with me the great reform in government that has taken place in China. They realize that reform is necessary to meet the existing conditions. Not too proud to learn from their neighbors, the empress sends a committee to Europe and to America to study other governments, in order more intelligently to reform her own. After three years of diligent labor the ambassadors return to their native city. The empress receives their report for a representative form of government. With the power of this government in her hands, she issues an edict delegating much of her power to the people by declaring that China shall have a representative form of government. The news spreads throughout the country. China rejoices! Bells arc rung! Guns boom! and messages of congratulation and good cheer arc sent to the empress dowager. A holiday is celebrated in honor of this great event. This revolution has no parallel in history. One-fourth of the entire population of the world offered their freedom and a voice in their government by a single edict! The freedom of the French is founded on a river of blood; our freedom is founded on a large lapse of time, struggle and conflict; this freedom was obtained by a single stroke of a patriotic and powerful pen. Search where you may on the pages of history, and you will find no event that had such a widespread influence towards peaceful reform. Could such a revolution take place among a conservative people? Could such a reform be accomplished among any people except a patriotic, altruistic, progressive people? A people who have met and solved their political problems for four thousand years have now shown themselves competent to meet every demand of modern progress. The natural resources of China make her the garden spot of the world, the promised land. Her beautiful, navigable rivers flow through valleys of inexhaustible soil. Her broad plains, stretching as far as the eye can see, need only the magic touch of the modern wand of industry to make them spring forth with useful and beautiful vegetation. Her long extent of coast line is decked with the jewels of commerce, harbors of safety for vessels. Her lofty mountains arc filled with treasures, unlimited iron supply, GITCHE GUMEE PACE ELEVEN coal sufficient in one province to supply the world’s demand for several thousand years.” China can produce enough wealth to support one-half of the entire population of the world. Is the industrial ability of the Chinese sufficient to develop these resources? Their achievements in the past and their present skill in the industrial development will answer this question. China is the mother of inventions. When the implements of our forefathers were but the stones of the hillsides, these people had devised many machines—the printing-press, the mariner’s compass, gunpowder, and many things which we use today in our own civilization. A Saracen scholar once said: “Wisdom, when she came to the earth, lodged in the head of the Greek and the hand of die Chinaman.” Since they have opened their doors to Western learning, they have shown their present ability to develop their resources. Railroads, trolley-lines, automobiles, steamships, and all the modern inventions are rapidly being introduced into this country. These arc operated almost exclusively by the Chinese. China has the largest, most persevering, economic, industrious laboring class on the face of the earth. She has made more progress during the last five years than any other country on the globe. She bids fair to accomplish in a single century what the Anglo-Saxon has gained in a thousand years. China’s industrial progress during the past few years is striking. No phenomenon of such wide-spread and marvelous reform has ever before been witnessed by man. China’s prospects for the future arc the most favorable. She is indeed an awakening nation which will startle the world with the rapidity and quietness with which she will work out her reforms. She lias set free the marvelous capacities of a vast number of people to develop her resources. She is preparing herself to take her place on the great new stage of commerce and to become one of the star actors on that stage. She is carrying on within her borders one of the greatest revolutions of ideas ever carried on by a nation. She is the Rising Star of the Orient, whose lustre is growing brighter and brighter with each succeeding day. In the cycle of a century she will outshine many a nation that has won great glory in the past. China has opened her doors to the ideas of Western reform. She turns to America for counsel and help. She seeks our modern methods and improved machinery to increase her agricultural wealth. She calls for our capital to develop her mines, her manufactures, her commerce. She sends her sons to America and Europe to he educated. She pleads for our sympathy and respect. In the past America has erred. She has been as exclusive as China herself. It has been harder for a Chinese scholar to get into America than for an American laborer to enter China. In response to China’s call for equality and courtesy, we have shunned and scorned her people. Too often we have treated the Chinese with contempt. What we sow, that shall we also reap. This growing power of the East will some day be able to avenge tenfold the wrongs heaped upon her by the Western world. Our relations with China should be most sympathetic. Our interests arc mutual. In common with her, we must promote commerce on the Pacific. The gap between America and China must be bridged. Cordial relations must be established with this new power. It was an American statesman that saved China from the greedy grasp of European powers. Secretary Hay became a valiant champion of China's integrity and the open door. His sincerity and courage won simple justice for this nation. Let PACE TWELVE us go forward in the spirit of this true statesman, lend a sympathetic hand to these people of another race, follow in our practices the precepts already taught the Chinese by the missionaries of Christ. Let us deal with these people in the spirit of the Golden Rule. Let us rejoice as the Star of the Orient rises to a worthy place among the powers of the world. STEVEJVS TOIJVT THE MENACE OF CORPORATE MONOPOLY GUY E. CARLETON N the Declaration of Independence our forefathers gave to the world a new political faith—a faith that recognized the right of men to own themselves. In that document arc enshrined the principles around which has risen the structure of our government. The republic of America is a supreme act of confidence in man, a revelation of the dignity of human effort and ability. Its creation was one of the boldest acts recorded in history. Ever triumphant under the protecting folds of the emblem of liberty, the republic has grown; the infant has become the giant. Yesterday five million people were clustered along the Atlantic border, struggling to conquer nature and rear democratic institutions founded on the principles of constitutional liberty. Today behold the ceaseless tide of population which is ever rushing past us toward the setting sun, sweeping away the wilderness, waking up industry and civilization in its westward progress. Fortune has smiled most generously on America’s sons. We arc a mighty people. In the past, perils have come upon us as if in the bold resolve to put republican institutions to the most severe trial. Civil war fell to our lot; yet it was the one test needed to give to us the consciousness of our own vigor and power, and never was the republic so strong in all the elements of life, so menacing to all the foes of democracy, as when the sun of Appomattox shone upon her banner and revealed upon its azure ground the presence of the full galaxy of her stars. The war over, the problems of reconstruction settled, politics became incidental, and the whole energies of the people were centered in the material development which has placed us foremost among the nations in the great elements of national prosperity. Hand in hand with our industrial development there has evolved a distinct classification of citizens. First, the busy man, whose whole being is engrossed in the struggle for existence; secondly, the man of leisure, who succeeded in amassing a large fortune. Our government has grown so big, the problems of legislation become so difficult, and the powers of government and the duties of citizenship have grown so complex, GITCHE GUM EE PAGE THIRTEEN GITCHE GUM EE that the average citizen, the busy man, lias not time to study or understand their full meaning. Government, therefore, lias rapidly passed into the hands of a third class, the office-hunter and the privilege seeker, who have become expert in the art of controlling elections. Forty years of commercialism has lowered the standard of our political morals. The rapid growth of the power of gold has blinded the conscience of the people. Thriving under the indifference of the average citizen, political bosses and grafters have taken up their abode in our midst. Thru these agencies, organized wealth has enthroned itself in power. For many years legislation has looked to the protection of wealth; but today the greatest problem before the American people is how to recover the power corporate monopoly has usurped and return it to the people. Shall the government be administered by the people, in the interests of the whole people, or shall it be administered for the benefit of a few and by those whom the corruption of politics has elevated to power? Or, is this to be a people’s government, or a government of monopolies, by monopolies, and for monopolies? Our great country has been controlled by the great kings of finance. These modern barons, more powerful than their military prototypes, own our railroads, control our coal-fields, fix the price on oil and steel, in fact, levy tribute at will upon all our vast industries. That billion dollar trust, the United States Steel Corporation, holds in its clutches the destinies of the manufacturing world. It feeds the mountain ranges into its mills with the one hand, and with the other dispatches its products in its own cars and steamships to every market in the world. Its surplus is invested in banking, in railroading, in shipping, and in mining. Its charter is perpetual, and its power is limitless. How easy it would be for some industrial Alexander to place his hand on some city or village, and it would flourish or wither, according to the edict of his irresistible will. Against these commercial kings the workingmen have combined in self-defence. They, too, have caught the spirit of monopoly and combination. The edict of their boss must be obeyed also. The workingman who docs not submit his individual will to the law of the trade union can neither work himself nor teach his children to work. The whole capital of the country on the one side, and the whole labor of the country on the other, arc controlled by two great bodies, by which the liberty of the individual is crushed as between the upper and nether millstones. Our fathers, when they launched the ship of State, could not foretell its course nor see the dangers it would encounter on its voyage down the sea of time. Freedom was the pilot, equality the motto; and with their faith in a living God, it was their one wish to hand down to posterity a government in which the people were to be sovereign. The fundamental laws of our country guarantee us that “all rights, not delegated to the United States, nor prohibited to the states, arc reserved to the people.” Save for these limitations the rights of the people arc supreme. This is the ideal. How docs it compare with the real? We see the forces of wealth stealing from the masses their rights and liberties, and establishing in their place a dictatorship of the “privileged few.” But this must not continue; for as true as that a nation divided against itself cannot stand, and that a nation half slave and half free cannot permanently endure, is it true that a people who arc slaves to market tyrants will surely PAGE FOURTEEN conic to be their slaves in all else; that all liberty is lost when one liberty is lost; that a people half democratic and half plutocratic cannot permanently endure. As we cast our eyes over the history of nations, we behold the fate of that little group of Italian states, whose political institutions were wrecked by commercial greed, and whose republican freedom vanished before the breath of commercial ambition. Their glittering fragments strewed the shores of the Mediterranean like shattered baubles, as soon as their commerce became mightier than their constitution and more potent than their statesmanship. History bears out the truth that: 111 fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates and men decay. That these same dangers would menace this republic, was clearly seen by our greatest statesmen. Out of the past we hear the voice of Washington warning his countrymen against the corrupting influence of consuming wealth, and with his last breath bidding them beware of the encroaching tyranny of ambitious greed. And how true were the prophetic words of the immortal Lincoln when he said, I sec in the future a crisis approaching that unnerves me and causes me to tremble for the safety of my country. As a result of the war, corporations have been enthroned, and an era of corruption in high places will follow; the money power of the country will endeavor to prolong its reign upon the people, until all the wealth is aggregated in few hands.” A wise people will listen to these voices of the past and order their actions in conformity with the great lessons that they teach. It is for us to say whether the public spirit that threw the tea into Boston harbor, that removed the yoke of bondage from four million slaves, will slumber while commercial and industrial chains arc being riveted on the toil and talents of millions of American people by the mighty forces of corporate wealth. The great corporations and consolidated monopolies arc fast seizing the reins of power that lead to the control of public affairs. It is an open secret that they have ruled states thru controlling legislatures and corrupting courts; that they are strong in Congress, and that they are unscrupulous in the use of means to conquer prejudice and acquire influence. This condition is truly alarming; for, unless it be changed quickly and thoroughly, free institutions arc doomed to be subverted by an oligarchy upon the basis of money and corporate power. The question is not whether monopoly is to continue; for the sun sets every night on a greater majority against it; but whether we are to pass thru revolution or reform. Industry and monopoly cannot live together; for our modern perfection of exchange and division of labor cannot last without equal perfection of morals and sympathy, based on terms of love and justice. Neither can liberty and monopoly live together; for the common people have little chance against the persistent and easy coalescence of the confederated cliques who aspire to say of all business, 'This belongs to us,’ and whose members, though moving among us as brothers, arc using against us, thru the corporate form we have given them, power of invisibility, because impersonal and unmoral, and most peculiar of all, powers to act as persons, as in the commission of crimes, with exemption from punishment as persons. The signs of the times are hopeful. Not in vain has advancing civilization challenged the virtue of American manhood or the resourcefulness of American statesmen. Champions of public welfare, political virtue, and the people’s rights, arc moving men to action. In the Badger state there has arisen from the ranks of the people a leader PACE FIFTEEN who stands for the highest ideals in government. The destinies of this nation arc guided by one, who, though an aristocrat by birth, dares to champion the people’s cause in their struggle with the forces of unprincipled wealth. GIT CHE Under these fearless leaders, let us hope that the day will soon come that will GUMEE decide whether we arc to live under the republic planned for us by our ancestors, or submit, with the tame spirit of underlings, to an oligarchy fastened upon us by industrial Caesars. The corporate hosts are marshalling their forces; the people must prepare to give them battle. Let the watchword be, “Equal rights to all; special privileges to none.” Let all men who prize dearly their heritage of liberty and peaceful fraternity, and who are in favor of the basic principles of the brotherhood of man, unite, and with that potent weapon, the ballot, sound the funeral knell of the reign of corporate monopoly. In a legal, constitutional manner, these corporations, rings, and combinations can be routed, their paid agents and lobbyists can be driven from the halls of legislation, and the standard of equal rights can again be raised aloft, and this time without the use of bullets or the shedding of blood. In the prerogative of the ballot, the American people have in their hands the most powerful weapon of modern times. Let us use this weapon, stand shoulder to shoulder, and rescue our country from the hands of corporate monopoly, rescue popular government from the grave opening to receive it, and guide this republic onward, ever onward, in its mission of giving to all men an equal opportunity in the battle of life. O Normal Bell, O Normal Bell! How many a tale thy music tells. How joyous then, in the assembly room, When we as seniors heard thy tunc. Those joyful hours arc passing by, And many a sorrowing heart beats high To think that within another school we’ll dwell And hear no more that Normal bell. And so ’twill be when we are gone; Thy joyful peal will still ring on, When other seniors walk these dells, And sing thy praise, O Normal Bell. THE NORMAL BELL —Sorrowing Senior. PAGE SIXTEEN WHITE WA TEF+. GIT CHE GUM EE EGOISM VS. ALTRUISM EASTON JOHNSON ISTORY tells of a long stride in the progress made by man. As the ages have passed, his ideals and aspirations have been wonderfully elevated and perfected. A worthy ambition has ceaselessly sought to establish the proper interdependence of man. Co-operation, the subordination of self to the good of society, is now recognized as an important goal of human endeavor. In harmony with this supreme conception, the greatest achievement that has been effected to insure human progress is the relation established between man and man, individual and society, citizen and nation. Before the Christian era, egoism wielded its despotic sway unchecked, and nations maintained their supremacy thru sheer physical force. Power was sought by the use of the sword, and the earth was repeatedly drenched with human blood. Conquest was the watchword of the strong; subjugation and misery, the fate awaiting the weak; while, too often, deceit and treachery permeated the lives of the leaders of men. What cruelties were inflicted upon the pagan world that history might claim the names of Alexander, Hannibal, and Caesar 1 Was the world always to bestow imperishable fame upon men for their deeds of violence and for their insatiable love of domination? Was the gratification of a selfish ambition always to defy the cardinal virtues of love, mercy, and justice? Ah! no. Behold in the East, the incarnation of a new faith, proclaiming the birth of a new world—a world where the conscience and not the sword was destined to rule mankind. Since that day, nineteen centuries have witnessed the growth of a power that in sublimity of purpose surpasses all others, a power that aims at the complete emancipation of man from the shackles of ingratitude, ignorance, malice, and superstition. This power is the spirit of altruism. Many have been the contributions made by different peoples and by different nations to the civilization of their age. Bitter and severe have been the persecutions suffered by sincere and devout men of every time in the vindication of great principles. In our survey of the world’s great benefactors, we must ever hold in high veneration the founders of our own republic. Our forefathers endured hardships and untold suffering in securing our political and religious freedom. Often and justly have we heard them praised for their physical courage; but were our tribute to end here, we should do injustice to their memories. Our indebtedness is rather for their unswerving loyalty to principle, for their zealous desire to found free institutions, and for their establishment of a government that acknowledges the equality of man under the law and before his Creator. These invaluable contributions are beyond human comprehension ! These chosen leaders, moreover, recognized the purity of the home, the sacrcdncss of free institutions, and the moral perfection of man as supreme. Without PACE SEVENTEEN GITCHE GUM EE this recognition, America could never have experienced her marvelous growth in material wealth, nor her unprecedented moral influence among the powers of the world for the betterment of mankind. A deviation from the spirit of fairness and honesty in our present industrial and political life is what threatens our democracy this very hour. Men in their scramble for material wealth have not properly observed the principles upon which this nation was founded. In the field of industry, competition has been relied upon solely to secure economic justice. That individualism has given to the American people a material wealth surpassing all precedent, there is no doubt; but it has also resulted in the widest inequality in the distribution of that wealth, and in the most undesirable and shameful practices. Our material prosperity has gone hand in hand with immorality and spiritual degeneration. Selfish considerations, too frequently, have sought to justify chicanery and deception. The present factory system amply illustrates an undue regard for private advantage. The avaricious employer is judicious in every calculation that concerns his own interests, but unmercifully thoughtless of the welfare of his employes. Private gain, from the standpoint of the greedy capitalist, justifies the subjugation of fellow-men. When adverse to the goal of his ambition, the life and welfare of the wage earner are shamefully ignored. When dangerous machinery can be operated with profit, the lives of the employed are put in jeopardy. When women and children can do the work of men, they arc employed. So, today, nearly two million children are deprived of the education essential to the development of real manhood and womanhood. The ranks of the unfortunate in our hospitals, insane asylums, and penitentiaries arc continually recruited by men and by women sacrificed for ill-gotten wealth. Is it surprising, then, that the laborer retaliates in order to ameliorate his condition? Is it to be wondered at that he is driven to revenge when unscrupulous employers use means more despotic in their nature than did Napoleon in his career of conquest? The centralization of wealth and power in the hands of such ruthless men is one of the gravest dangers in our republic. This avaricious spirit dominating the lives of not a few of our industrial leaders is responsible for the wretched condition of many of our citizens. This same spirit accounts for the hardships and the suffering throughout our land during the Pennsylvania coal strike, and the scenes of mob violence of common occurrence on the streets of our large cities. Unless passion gives way to reason and blind egoism is replaced by a sense of obligation to society, these conditions will continue to be a curse and a stain upon our national life. It is not, however, the ability to organize and manage business concerns that should alarm us. This very ability, legitimately used, is of the highest benefit to society. Every effort put forth in any service for the general good should be encouraged. The complete devotion of one’s honest effort to the work in which he is engaged is the highest duty that can be conceived. But when a man in any enterprise labors exclusively for self, and places the lives of others in jeopardy, and holds a considerable number of our future citizens in ignorance, right and justice must assert themselves. There must be aroused a public sentiment that will restore to the oppressed the sacred rights of free citizens. While, on the one hand, the large combinations of capital tend to enrich the few, on the other hand they contribute in no small measure to the prosperity of the many. It is well to scrutinize closely all industrial organizations under the selfish PACE EIGHTEEN influence of a money king; but such organizations, if under the management of benevolent, trustworthy men, could always be viewed with confidence and trust. Combination in production is not objectionable. In fact, it is highly desirable. As surely as water seeks its level, just so surely an intelligent self-interest finds the most economical means in production. But do the farmer, the wage-earner, and the professional man now receive a proportionate benefit from the combination? Do the railroads combine to lessen the cost of production to the general public? Is it the policy of the Standard Oil Company to charge the lowest price for oil consistent with a legitimate profit? What methods arc employed in large corporations, where men arc not greatly influenced in their conduct by the eye of the public? Too often, under the cover of the corporation, individuals devise every means within their power to further their own interests, regardless of the injury to the public good. The height of their ambition is to amass a fortune. Actuated by selfish motives, they dismiss any consideration that has not in view corporate power. They fear only the law, which, moreover, they undertake to evade. They flagrantly disregard public faith, public honor, public trust, and reveal a nature given over to self-aggrandizement. Nor arc men of our day satisfied to limit their nefarious practices to the industrial field alone; they shrewdly endeavor to obtain special privileges by combining their own private business with the interests of the corrupt politician. This combination, above all others, utterly defeats the sovereign will of the people.- The functions of government ordained “to promote the greatest good to the greatest number” are used, too often, to promote the greatest good to combinations of capital. Because of their powerful interests, corporations fill many official positions—legislative, executive, and judicial—with men of their own choice. Before the election, the boss and the machine artfully deceive the unintelligent classes of society by masquerading as custodians of their rights. After the ballots arc counted, corporation managers and their representatives frame measures, carry them to their subservient officials, and to them make known their selfish desires. Such arc the monstrous evils that exist in our high places of trust and honor while a majority of the American people accept the false standards of egoism as their code of ethics and morality. Happily for America’s future, this unbridled egoism has met with earnest opposition. Public spirited men have unsparingly denounced “successful dishonesty.” Cunning and deceitful encroachments upon the rights and privileges of free citizens have been fearlessly attacked in the pulpit and in the press. The present administration has put forth every effort to make the powerful few responsible to the people. Searching investigations have probed into combinations designed solely for private advancement. Those guilty of high-handed dishonesty have been compelled to feel the smart and the sting of public opinion for disloyalty to their fellow-men and to their God; while righteous conduct of the poor and rich alike has been met with the heartiest approval. This movement is salutary, for imperative is the demand for stringent and impartial enforcement of law; but fruitless is the attempt to suppress action that is inimical to society, merely by law. Man restrained wholly by the fear of law and by the application of force will never realize his highest possibilities. The salvation of mankind requires the awakening of a conscience and a moral judgment that will always rule supreme in the human heart. If the American nation is to march onward and upward, that movement must be characterized by sound morality. Mere denunciation and condemnation of wrong-doing can not lay the foundation for a future greatness. GITCHE GUMEE PACE NINETEEN GIT CHE GUM EE Increase in the functions of government that results in the suppression of liberty is not progress. The claims of posterity demand pure, unselfish manhood. Citizens in this twentieth century of American democracy, it devolves upon you to accept the responsibilities of freedom. Whether your station in life be high or low, whether your mental endowments be great or small, the strength and permanency of our free institutions bespeak your earnest, faithful, and cheerful allegiance. Individual enterprise in our industrial system must be encouraged; but the American commonalty— you and I—must create a public opinion that will demand rectitude from every citizen who fills a position of trust; we must emphatically require a sense of greater responsibility with the acceptance of greater power. When we have taken on the responsibilities of freedom as true citizens of this gifted nation, when we have adopted the higher standards of moral law in every vocation of American life, then will this nation be consecrated to the truth that all men arc sovereigns through being servants of God. Then will internal strife give way to mutual helpfulness, and the American flag will float unstained over the institutions founded by our fathers. Then can we hear the voice of the Master proclaim: If there is to be pride, it must be felt for honest, faithful service; if there is to be honor, it must come as a reward for action that is in harmony with the teachings of the Prince of Peace; if men are to be held in grateful remembrance, it must be for their sympathy and love for their fellow-men. 'RIVE'R FALLS THE RIGHTS OF MAN JOHN O'KEEFE ATERIALLY, the United States today has reached the pinnacle of prosperity. We have steadily and speedily advanced along economic lines and can now say without fear of boasting, “We arc leaders in the industrial progress of the world.” Never has our production been as large as in the last few years. Aided by the mighty forces, steam and electricity, we have increased the productive power of labor a thousand fold. As a result of this we have increased in wealth, nationally, until we have reached a point which is infinitely beyond the wildest dreams of our forefathers. We have also advanced along educational lines. There is not a citizen in the whole country who has not the best advantages for getting a thorough education. With our national wealth and our improvement in educational lines has come a bettering of conditions of the common people. Modern methods have elevated the wage-earner from the condition of the malicious servant” of the 14th century Statute of Laborers to the working man of today. Increase of production has increased his means; diversity of employment has improved PAGE TWENTY and enlarged Ins skill, he has been benefited by the past, and today we find him living in a comfort unequaled in mediaeval times, even by the luxury of princes. We arc apt to become blinded by our apparent “good times” and think that our high position in the industrial world is impregnable. Indeed, it is a pet hallucination of ours that “No harm can come to America.” The American public has always shown itself too ready to accept conditions as they are. In the course of our nation’s history we find our people marked by an easy good nature which has on many occasions shown itself to be exceedingly dangerous. It was this tendency, this good naturedness, that allowed slavery to grow and fasten its hold upon us until its eradication culminated in one of the greatest wars of history. It is this same weakness today that leaves us facing a problem which is constantly and with greater and greater vehemence forcing itself upon us. Appearing as but a cloud upon the horizon of industry, Trades-unionism has gathered and gathered until many times it has threatened in its cyclonic fury to demolish the peace and prosperity of our nation. The history of Trades-unionism up to a few years ago is not one of very great interest. It is enough to know that the purpose of its founders was a noble one. Their only thought was the bettering of the condition of the working man. We can not help admitting the theory of labor unions is an admirable one. History has proven conclusively that no matter what the institution may be, no matter how admirably it may be planned, no matter how worthy the purpose of its founders, if it is left to act as it chooses, without restraint, unregulated by law, it will sooner or later become arrogant, arbitrary, and a menace to the public. One of the greatest difficulties which lie in the way of the discussion of any labor problem is an age-old mistake of the humane and sympathetic mind. Many of our most eminent social philosophers, men of heart and impulsive speech, forget the law which orders and defends liberty; the law by means of which civilization with its diffusion of comfort has advanced; the law which promotes the general welfare, in their sentimentalism awakened by what they regard the wrongs of a class—meaning often the weakness of a class. In their feverish sentiment they would resort to the fallacious theory that justice itself can be superseded. Tbc only authority which may limit industrial or civil liberty is the state. Our law has placed upon the conduct of every citizen certain limitations which guard his liberty. This it docs both for the welfare of society and for the happiness of the individual. It gives to society peace and order, the security of respected precedents, the wisdom of long accepted tradition. It allows the individual the freest development of his powers and expects him in return to promote the interests of society. The law gives to all citizens engaged in industry the right to work. It protects the fruits of a man’s labor from the plundering intrusion of society. It grants to no one the right to interfere with his fellows when they are doing what to them seems best, so long as they keep within the law. To the working man it gives the right of free contract. He may choose his employment and his employer, and has the right to work for any wage he agrees to receive. The law docs not give to the working man the right to compel an employer to use or manage his property in accordance with the will of some one else, nor does it give him the right to deprive a fellow workman of the right to labor. In a word, the law gives us an ordered industrial liberty, in the same way that it gives us an ordered civil liberty, and whoever violates the liberty guarded by the state becomes an enemy both of the state and of society. GITCHE GUM EE PACE TWENTY-ONE No one denies the right of laborers to combine; nor will we find any one who will question their right to take advantage of legal opportunities to get larger and larger shares of the products which they help to make. All will concede that it is GITCHE wise sometimes for employers to consult with their working men. The result of such GUM EE discussion has often been a restraint of trade, but a halt called in prosperous times by a demand of laborers for higher wages, is in obedience to a law of nature—no human law can prevent it. But aggressive limitations upon industrial liberty, beyond those imposed by the law for the purpose of protecting of that liberty, is nothing short of industrial lawlessness and industrial tyranny. Labor unions have attempted to exercise powers of government which belong to the state alone. The union professes to believe that a state of war exists between the employer and the employed, and acting on this, they insist that strikers have the right to break the ordinary laws which prevail in time of peace and to resort to the boycott, the picket, the blacklist, and other forms of violence, in order that they may injure the business of their enemies and prevent the non-union man from working. There is no better illustration of the nature of this lawlessness than the acts performed in the great anthracite coal strike of 1902 and 1903. The Coal Strike Commission adjudged as follows: “Its history is stained with a record of riot and bloodshed. Men who chose to be employed or who remained at work were assailed and threatened and they and their families terrorized and intimidated.” Here w’as war against society and the state, for the union broke the peace and order of the commonwcalh. To those who recognize the sanctity of that fundamental law which restrains savage liberty and establishes ordered liberty, it is evident that the duty not only of employers, but of all good citizens, is to resist such lawless pretensions and refuse to yield to demands, either for higher wages or for shorter hours, when they arc made by rioters and lawbreakers. In the anthracite strike, as in nearly every strike, it is true that the labor union insisted upon the right to exercise control over the property of the employer. The employer is responsible both to society and to the individual, under the law, for the management and use of his property—yet union leaders or delegates demand control, although they have no responsibility for the management of the business; although they insist on operating outside the law, having in nearly every ease no interest in the property beyond the earning of wages in its service. They encroach upon the liberty of the employer by designating the men whom he shall employ—determining the rate of wages he shall pay, regardless of the fact, as has happened often, that the earnings of the business may not warrant such wages. The boycott, the picket, and other forms of violence are resorted to for the purpose of compelling accession to these demands. But you say, “These are the excessive demands and the extravagant actions of only some of the unions.” True, indeed, these efforts to limit industrial liberty are the excesses of unions, but do they not grow out of a claim of right that is universal among the unions and their undiscriminating defenders? Do they not arise from the claim that the wage-earner may demand what is clearly a question of free contract between the employer and his employees? It is often just for laborers to demand shorter hours; it is often just for them to demand higher pay; there isr nothing against a request for a sliding scale of wages; but the law of man and the law of morality forbid any man, whether he be laborer or capitalist, to enforce his demands by violence—by oppression of his fellow beings—by a denial to any man PAGE TW'ENTY-TWO of the right to work for whom he will nnd for what he will, or the denial of the right of an employer to hire any man for what he is willing to accept. These arc the actions of labor unions that are forcing them upon our attention. We can not stand idly by and say, These are not of mine, they do not concern me.” Every citizen who cares for the welfare of his country ought to be concerned, and every citizen who wishes to live in lawful peace with an unburned roof over his head and with life sustaining food on his table, must be concerned. If the conditions of war which have existed in Colorado, New York, Pennsylvania, and other states, on account of labor troubles, were spread throughout every state in the Union, living in this country would not only be unsafe but intolerable. These, then, arc the conditions that confront us today as a result of the disregard of the 'rights and liberties of man as given him by the law. Such is the problem presented by a system which has tried to establish class lines. Any institution which tries to establish caste in this country is attempting to check the current of our industrial progress. But No!” says the labor agitator, we will arise and by sheer force of numbers control the government in the interest of the proletariat 1” What does this mean? Class rule! The end of equality 1 The end of justice! The worst of all despotism, the despotism of an unrestrained and irresponsible majority. The beginning of rule by class greed and class hatred. The destruction of property rights and the end of social order. History can tell us what will follow. The rule of the strong hand. After the Revolution—Napoleon. The time will come when the relations between employers and the employed will be better, more humane, more Christian, than they are today. The coming of that time will not be hastened by legislation nor by whimsical administrative spasms. It is only through the great public that we can hope to obtain the solution. No institution can withstand the just condemnation of mankind. A wave of reform which has recently spread through the political world is most encouraging. Let us extend this reform to the industrial world. When the new spirit has changed the heart of the wage-earner; when workingmen resort to argument instead of clubs; when they learn to know the law and respect it—then will our prosperity increase; then will the rights of man under the law be respected; then will our wage-earners get their rightful share of the privileges and the opportunities of American life. G Il'C HE GUM EE PACE TWENTY-THREE GIT CHE GUM EE MILWA. X KEE THE DESTINY OF OUR REPUBLIC HENRY N. DELCUM VERY age in the history of civilization is marked by great nations, every great nation by great achievements; but loyal Americans arc happy in believing that no nation has ever had a greater mission, a greater manifest destiny, than our own. The Pilgrim Fathers gave up their homes and friends to seek their fortunes in a new world, firmly believing that this was the Land of Promise. As they embarked with Bibles in their hands, they raised their voices in prayer to God, and repeated his promise unto Abraham: “Get thee out from thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father’s house, unto a land that I will show thee, and I will make of thee a great nation; and in thee shall all the families on earth be blessed.” Three hundred years have passed since the landing of the Pilgrims, and today we behold the fulfillment of that promise. Here in the heart of a continent has been built a nation so prosperous and powerful that millions arc annually attracted to its shores; a land so rich in resources and so bountiful in harvest that it is termed the granary of the world; a land teeming with the industries and enterprises of ninety millions of intelligent human beings. Such is the home of our republic. Born out of the revolt of free spirits against arbitrary authority, consciously founded on the principles of justice and liberty—on the inalienable rights of man— our nation is without precedent in history. Its birth is the most significant world-event of modern times; for from this event dates the institution of free government— “government of the people, by the people, and for the people.” Never has a nation been founded on higher principles than those embodied by our forefathers in the declaration that “all men arc created equal, and arc endowed by the Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these arc life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted among men.” Here we have the fundamental basis of our whole structure of government. On it rests all our social and economic progress, our very national existence. The liberation of the Colonics from British subjection was but the initial step toward the formation of a union. The grave task of welding into one, thirteen isolated and independent states, representing as many different ideals and economic interests, seemed so stupendous, so impossible, that even Jefferson despaired of its accomplishment. But through the same self-sacrificing spirit of loyalty to a common cause which had characterized the struggle for independence, a consolidation into one compact whole was finally achieved under a constitution that Gladstone pronounced “the greatest political instrument ever struck off at a given time by the brain and purpose of man.” A stable foundation once laid, there followed that era of remarkable growth and development—the era of territorial expansion—a time PAGE TWENTY-FOUR (luring which our nation grew from a mere strip of land bordering the Atlantic to its present vast area. Even the sea did not check its growth. Alaska has since been added; and, of late, Porto Rico and Cuba, Hawaii and the Philippines have also come under the protecting banner of our republic. The truest proofs of our nation’s greatness arc to he found, not in its rapid territorial expansion, but in the work it has accomplished for humanity. History records no other nation that has done more to emancipate mankind from ignorance and superstitition, and to deliver the weak from the tyranny and oppression of the strong. No sooner had it freed itself from foreign despotism and established its own independence, than it became the liberator of other peoples. Its support made possible the establishment of the South American republics. Its righteous indignation expelled the last vestige of Spanish cruelty from Porto Rico and Cuba. Its statesmanship prevented the dismemberment of China, at the close of the Boxer rebellion. When all other nations held aloof, its friendly intervention enabled Russia and Japan to bring to a close the most terrible war of recent times. These are the achievements that justify our claim to greatness. This has not been achieved without heroic effort. Nowhere has there been a more loyal, a more truly self-sacrificing people, who have braved more tempest to preserve their freedom and their inalienable rights as men. In the course of its brief history our nation has encountered many difficulties; but its loyal citizens have ever been prompt to respond, and after every struggle it has emerged a more confident and united nation. Through eternal vigilance and unswerving loyalty to principles of justice, it has attained the crest of the highest wave of enlightenment, and become the most prosperous and powerful of nations. With such a glorious past, what is to be the future of our republic? History records many great nations that have left little or no trace of their existence. Assyria, Persia, Egypt, and many other nations, famous in their day as leaders in the world’s progress, arc today little more than names. Of Greece and all her glory, what is left us save ruins? Even Rome, the greatest of them all, has perished. We reap the fruits of her toil. We have her laws, her art, her literature; but Rome herself is no more. What caused her destruction? Foreign invasions? The hordes of the northern barbarians? No; Rome, and Rome alone, was the cause of her own downfall! Has the inglorious fate of these great nations no lesson to teach us? Shall we not heed their timely warning? We, too, arc threatened, not by invading enemies, but by that mightier and more insidious foe which worked the ruin of so many proud empires. Shall our nation, too, crumble through the corruption and decay of her own people? “Tell me what your young men of twenty are thinking about,” says Goethe, “and I will tell you the future of your state.” Upon the earnest purpose of our people depends the future welfare of our republic. As the character of the aggregate is determined by the character of its units, so the wisdom of our nation is determined by the wisdom of every individual citizen within its borders. If our nation is to continue its great work for humanity, its people must be as true to its ideals as were those who responded to her call in past crises. If we arc true to our country’s call, our nation will not falter in its mission; but if we become corrupt and indifferent to the voice of duty, our nation must meet the inevitable fate. The future security of our nation depends upon our ability to solve her problems. One that most directly concerns her destiny is the problem of immigration. We have become a cosmopolitan people, not alone in nationality, but in ideals. Every incoming GIT CUE GUMEE PAGE TWENTY-FIVE vessel brings its thousands of foreigners. Most of these arc men of character who prove as good citizens, as loyal patriots, as any native born American; but with these come men who furnish an element most dangerous to our national life—men to whom government has meant tyranny; law, oppression; and obedience to higher authority, slavery. Here, then, is a problem that confronts us; that, unsolved, might mean disaster to our republic. It behooves us to deal justly with these unfortunates, to develop their characters and train them for responsible and effective citizenship, and, through the impress of our laws and free institutions, make them realize their obligation to the nation. When this is accomplished, the influx of foreigners will be a cause for rejoicing rather than for alarm. America will feel proud of an array of guests such as the world has never seen before—guests who come not alone to cat and drink, but to work—to harvest our crop, to dig our mines, to reclaim our land, to build our highways, to develop our resources, and with the fruits of their labor to establish American homes. The race problem, too, must be solved. No nation can be permanently secure while race prejudice dominates. The sectional differences which it creates arc bound to prove inimical to the highest interests of the nation. The North as well as the South must take an active part in the solving of this great problem; for both arc affected. Through ignorance, race prejudice, or mere forgetfulness, the negro has been too often unjustly dealt with. We have lost sight of the fact that he was suddenly thrust into a new environment much too ideal for his stage of development, and we have unfairly judged his conduct by our standard of civilization, which has been thousands of years in the making. If the negro is to attain to higher standards of living, we must give him time to grow. We can hasten his progress by extending him a helping hand. Education and training for practical and useful life should be our aim. We have already abundant proof of success along these lines. The work of Booker T. Washington shows us what can be done for the negro. He has accomplished more for his race than any other man. The negro is eager to rise. He docs not ask for social equality, but lie docs demand civil equality. By depriving him of the right of suffrage, we rob him of his only spur to self-improvement; by lynching him, we degrade and lower ourselves. But, through sympathy, brotherly love, and a practical education, the race problem will be solved, and the negro will no longer be a menace to the state. With the dawn of the twentieth century many new problems have sprung up that, unsolved, will become a force for evil strong enough to undermine the very foundation of our government—problems that arc the natural outgrowth of the tremendous social and industrial changes that characterize our age, such as illegal trusts and monopolies, unearned fortunes, discriminating railroads, and a host of other evils, due directly to the influence of these powerful forces. Following the exposure of these evils, a general wave of resentment has swept through our country, and many reforms have since followed in its wake. But the work is not complete. Much still remains to be done. The evils arc still here. Even after being apparently stamped out of existence, they reappear in fresh disguise, defying our laws and endangering the life of our institutions. Before our nation can be secure, it must purge itself of these forces that threaten its destruction. The trumpet call of the hour is for men of character, champions of right and justice; men whose principles arc above the purchasing power of money; men who have the courage of their convictions, and who dare assert themselves. The time calls PACE TWENTY-SIX for men of the mental calibre and moral courage of a Lincoln; men who not only keep abreast of their time, but who blaze the way for progress; men fit to mould the destiny of a nation. Under the guidance of such leaders, the future greatness of our republic is assured. This, indeed, will continue to be the Land of Promise, the refuge of the oppressed and downtrodden of all nations; a place of opportunity, where the humblest may, by energy and application, rise to positions of trust and honor; a place where democracy permeates the whole structure of society; a place where aristocracy and caste arc unknown, where all are equally free and independent. May this always be as true in the future as it has been in the past. Then our nation will forever remain an inspiration to the millions who are struggling for freedom in their own lands—an embodiment of their highest ideals of justice and liberty. Business fKeeting Business convention of the Inter-Normal Oratorical League, held at Superior, Wis., March 20, 1908. Meeting called to order by President Winter. The following committee on credentials was appointed: Ellis N. Calcf, Paul Spencer, George Wchrwcin. Recess. Report of the Committee on Credentials.—The committee reported favorably on the credentials of the following: Burford M. Gilc, Whitewater; Ben A. Arncson, Whitewater; John W. Warnc, Plattcvillc; George Cleary, Plattcvillc; Jennie Hogan, Superior; Ellis N. Calcf, Superior; George Wchrwcin, Oshkosh; Garret A. Stelsel, Oshkosh; Henry N. Bclgum, Milwaukee; Robert Haukhol, Milwaukee; Paul Spencer, River Falls; Charles Sakrison, River Falls; Anna Hanson, Stevens Point; Robert Morrison, Stevens Point. Report accepted. Committee on constitutional amendments appointed: Ben A. Arncson, Robert Haukhol, Robert Morrison. Committee on printing appointed: John W. Warnc, Garret A. Stelsel, Burford M. Gilc. Recess. Report of Committee on Printing.—The committee on printing reported that no bids had been made for the contest number. Report accepted. Moved and carried that the “Gitchc Gurnee,” of Superior, be allowed to print the minutes of this meeting, and the orations, pictures of orators and officers. PAGE TWENTY-SEVEN Report of Amendment Committee.—The committee on amendments reported favorably on the following: To amend article V, section 3,'of the constitution, to read as follows: “The several contestants shall send six typewritten copies of their orations to the secretary of the League, at least three weeks before the annual contest. Copies of said orations shall be bound in such a uniform manner, and printed on such uniform paper, as shall be prescribed by the secretary. One copy shall be kept on file by the secretary; one copy shall be sent to each of the judges, as directed in article IV, section 5, of this constitution. Failure to comply with the above conditions shall disqualify the school he represents from participation in the annual contest of the League.” Report accepted, recommendations adopted. Moved and carried that the local associations of the several normal schools be notified of the offices in this League to which they arc entitled for the year 1908-1909. Moved and carried that the treasurer be instructed to send a personal check to Mr. Brier of River Falls, for the amount remitted by him, and that the balance due River Falls be sent to the treasurer of their association. On motion the meeting adjourned. JUDGES. Prof. Rollo L. Lyman, Madison; Dr. Charles M. Jordan, Minneapolis; Hon. L. M. Clausen, Washburn; Hon. John M. True, Baraboo; Supt. R. B. Dudgeon, Madison. officers for 1908-1909. President, Earl Spcrbcck, Oshkosh; vice-president, Ena Sumnicht, Stevens Point; secretary, B. J. Dickson, Superior; treasurer, Dean Smith, River Falls. orations, 1908. “A Type of True Womanly Greatness,” Jennie Hogan, Superior. “The Rights of Man,” John O’Keefe, River Falls. “The Crucible of the Nations,” Bert N. Wells, Oshkosh. ‘‘The Rising Star of the Orient,” James R. Wallin, Plattcville. 'Flic Menace of Corporate Monopoly,” Guy E. Carlcton, Stevens Point. The Destiny of Our Republic,” Henry N. Belgum, Milwaukee. Egoism vs. Altruism,” Easton Johnson, Whitewater. RANKINGS OF JUDGES. Superior ...90 100 100 98 98 3 1-6 1 Oshkosh ...97 98 96 100 100 3 1-12 2 Plattcville ...100 90 94 96 85 19-10 3 Stevens Point .. ...98 84 98 90 80 1 10-21 4 Whitewater ...94 96 97 94 90 1 11-30 5 River Falls . ... ...95 92 95 92 92 1 1-5 6 Milwaukee . ... ...88 84 92 93 77 0 167-210 7 Vive Ii. Young, Secretary. PACE TWENTY-EIGHT ©ratoricciC Contest The evening of March 20, 1908, will long be a brilliant spot in our annals. The Grand Opera House, gay with innumerable pennants and streamers of the seven Normal School colors, and packed with an excited, cheering, singing, banner-waving crowd, was the scene of the Inter-Normal oratorical contest, in which Miss Jennie Hogan of the Superior Normal won first place. Before the program began, the- adherents of the different schools vented their enthusiasm with good-natured rivalry. River Falls had a lively delegation with a splendid red and white banner and flaunting pennants. They held their own valiantly, altho the Stevens Point crowd, in two purple and gold trimmed boxes, cheered vigorously on one side. Oshkosh evidently thot that music hath charms, as she had sent a delegation armed with yellow banners and a good song. Whitewater and Plattevillc made themselves heard in an effective manner. Both schools had good bands, which took turns in adding to the enthusiasm. Milwaukee was represented by a small but spirited party of three, who did their best to show their loyalty. Miss Fitzgerald of our own school was loyal as well as courteous, as she wore a big yellow chrysanthemum in her hair for us, and green and white for Milwaukee, in whose box she sat, being a graduate of that school. The program was opened by a short and pleasing address from Otto Winter of River Falls, the president of the Association. Song—“Fleeting Days” (Bailey)....................................Choral Club Oration—“A Type of True Womanly Greatness”.............Jennie Hogan, Superior Oration—“The Rights of Man”.........................John O’Keefe, River Falls Oration—“The Crucible of the Nations”...............Bert N. Wells, Oshkosh Solo—Selected..........................................Miss Bessie Jones, River Falls Oration—“Star of the Orient”.......................James R. Wallin, Plattevillc Oration—“The Menace of Corporate Monopoly”... .Guy E. Carlcton, Stevens Point Solo—Selected...............................................Claude Z. Lusc Oration—“The Destiny of Our Republic”...........Henry N. Belguin, Milwaukee Oration—“Egoism vs. Altruism”.....................Easton Johnson, Whitewater Song—“A Spanish Romance” (Sawycr-Lyncs)..........................Choral Club Besides the fact that Miss Hogan won such honors for the school, she achieved great personal distinction, being the only girl in the contest, and winning against able rivals. In addition to the merits of her oration, Miss Hogan added greatly to her chances of victory by her charming poise and case in delivery. In spite of the fact that she spoke first, the interest and pleasing impression produced remained in the minds of her hearers. After the last number the cheering and singing was resumed with almost greater vigor. The schools cheered generously for one another, and a most inspiring feature of the event was the splendid spirit of friendly rivalry, courtesy, and loyal enthusiasm on the part of all. When the president of the Association at last announced the momentous decision, we know what happened, and others will have to stretch their imaginations. Our girl was escorted on to the stage, carrying yellow flowers, and received the triumph she so justly deserved. PACK TWENTY-NINE GITCHE GUM EE THE MACOMB TRIP. Miss Hogan, accompanied by Miss Hinkel, left Superior Wednesday afternoon, May sixth. A medium-sized crowd of the “faithful” braved the wrath of the faculty and gathered at the depot to give her a rousing send-off. Through some misunderstanding, Miss Hinkel’s suit-ease failed to materialize at the psychological moment, and she was forced to leave without it. It was a nerve-trying ordeal for her to watch the gallant Scoon coming to the rescue on his iron steed, to see him foiled in the last fifteen seconds; but she bore up bravely, and with the aid of listcrinc managed to fight off all signs of hysteria. The remainder of the trip was made without incident, and the party arrived at Macomb at eleven-thirty, Thursday morning. Mr. McCaskill, and Mr. Wells of Oshkosh, reached there in the evening. Friday morning the annual business meeting was called to order, the regular committees appointed, and the meeting adjourned until afternoon in order that the delegates might attend the meeting of normal school presidents which was being held in the auditorium of the school. The presidents from most of the normals in the Middle West were in attendance, and were, each one in turn, called on to make a short speech. Mr. McCaskill was held until nearly the end of the session. He must have been reserved for a feature, because he surely “held his audience.” His stories were “good”; and, if you arc wise, you will demand a repetition. One noticeable thing in connection with these speeches was that nearly every one, whatever else he said, did not fail to compliment the people of Macomb on the beautiful school building that they have. All agreed that it is a credit to any city or state. The contest in the evening was very good, but we doubt whether, taken as a whole, it was as good as the inter-normal held in this city. The standard did not seem to be as high as might be expected, after considering the high quality of the work done in the state contest. There was not the difference that one would naturally look for. The first speaker was Camilo Osias,of Macomb, representing Illinois. He is a native of the Philippines, and his oration, “The Aspiration of the Filipinos,” was peculiarly adapted to him. He was a true orator; and, while he spoke with a very slight foreign accent, his voice was so filled with feeling, and his appeal so intense and convincing, that he held his audience spellbound until it burst forth in a thunder of applause at his conclusion. That he deserved first place may be shown by the following: His was oratory in its strictest sense. He was pleading the cause of PAGE THIRTY a conquered people in the land of the conquerors. This is not a light statement, made for effect. It is a fact that a large number of the citizens of Macomb expressed the hope that he would be defeated, simply because he was a Filipino. We feel confident that it was his own production, because he was called upon by the faculty to strike out sonic of his accusations because they were thought to be too strong. That his thought and composition was English, is borne out by the fact that he was away ahead in rank in this department. Some were inclined to doubt his sincerity, saying that he merely took this subject for effect. If this were so, he, no doubt, was as sincere as any of the rest, and lie certainly gave the audience the impression that he was in earnest. Mr. John Fitzgerald of Iowa was the next speaker, taking for his subject Graxo-Anicrican Ideals.” He compared the ideas and ideals of today with those of Greece, and stated that it is the spirit of Marathon that shall enable the American people to rise and surmount the difficulties which they will be called upon to meet. His delivery was pleasing but a little tiresome, lacking the fire so necessary to good oratory. Miss Hogan came next. Her work was fully up to the standard which she set in the inter-normal. She showed the result of her careful training, both in her voice and in the style and grace of her movements. Hers was certainly a finished production. She charmed her hearers, and in the minds of many there was no question but that she should receive first honors. That it was the intention of the judges that she be given second place, there can be no doubt. She received this place on the first ranking, but under the system of re-ranking employed by the Inter-State League she fell to third place on the second ranking. 'Fhc next speaker was to have been Miss Alma Hotchkiss of Missouri, with the subject “'I'lic Man of the Hour.” But for sonic reason which was not explained she did not arrive in Macomb in time for the contest. This is to be regretted, because, no doubt, hers was a good oration. Her Man of the Hour” was Ben B. Lindsey of Denver, the famous judge of the juvenile court in that city, whose work must have furnished a fund of good material for her. Then the fact that she won the Missouri state contest over all the men at the big school at Warrensburg is sufficient evidence of the excellence of her delivery. “'Flic Dawn of a New Era,” by Vernon Horner of Kansas, was the last oration. He spoke of the wonderful advancement that the race has made through the great discoveries of science, and pointed out the marvelous possibilities which the coming era contains. His stage presence was very good; he seemed quite at ease during his talk; his voice was rather high but not displeasing; however, he lacked power in the climaxes, which tended to detract from the production taken as a whole. While we regret that Miss Hogan did not get a higher place in the final contest, we arc proud of her and her work in securing for Superior the honor of representation at the Interstate. It is no small achievement to have won first place in the close competition of a Wisconsin Inter-Normal oratorical contest. During the year just past there has been no small amount of talk among the students with reference to dancing in the gymnasium of the school. At different times throughout the year it was rumored that the ban was to be removed, but the lid” still remains. Upon investigation we find that there is more to this than mere faculty intervention. There is a strong feeling in the community at large against dancing in the FACE THIRTY-ONE GIT CUE GUMEE school building, consequently it would not become those who have charge of the social functions of the school to attempt this line of amusement. Now, there has been no concerted action taken by any of those who desire a return of this privilege; and until there is, we believe that it will not be granted. Properly controlled, a limited number of dances each year is practicable; a fact that has already been demonstrated at some of the other normal schools of the state. We would therefore suggest that those who arc interested in this subject should get together, appoint some conservative person who has the respect of those in authority, as a leader in the movement, frame up a petition in a regular manner, and present it to the persons who control the situation. We offer this merely as a suggestion; but it seems to us to be the most logical method of receiving a final decision in this matter. As we were going to press, we were happy to hear of the great showing made by Miss Olga Megorden at Stanley Hall, Minneapolis, May 15. In the annual declamatory contest held there at that time, Miss Megorden succeeded in winning first place over four other contestants from the states of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Illinois, and by so doing won the handsome silver loving cup which is offered as the prize. 'Phis cup goes to the school thus winning it, where it is kept for one year, at the end of which time it is returned to the Hall to be contested for again. This is the second time that the cup has ever been taken from the Hall. The title of the winning declamation is “Hagan” The rendition was pronounced, by many competent to judge, the best interpretation of that piece ever heard at Stanley Hall. Miss Megorden deserves a great deal of credit for the honor thus brought to Superior Normal, and we arc all justly proud of her. In a publication of this nature it is generally customary to address an urgent appeal to the readers to patronize the advertisers. Just how much influence such a request has, is hard to tell. We arc of the opinion that it is a subject that has become trite. In soliciting the advertising this year, only those have been approached whom the management believed would be benefited directly from the publicity thus attained, and those whose business is increased, indirectly, by having the Normal School located in this city. Perhaps this is not so good an advertising medium as the daily papers and other periodicals; perhaps the students’ trade would come without an ad. in the school paper; but we hope that those of our friends who have taken space with us this year will find that their contributions have not been wholly gratuitous. Whether the paper is worthy of your support, we leave to your own judgment. PACK THIRTY-TWO □ □ KARL SPERBECK, PRESIDENT, OSHKOSH B. J. DICKSON, SECRETARY, SUPERIOR ESA !.. SUMNICIIT, VICE-PRESIDENT. STEVENS POINT mm OTTO WINTER, PRESIDENT, RIVER FAI.I S U E U. YOUNG, SECRETARY, WHITEWATER J. A. CADIOAN, TREASURER SUPERIOR .� Alin' Mary Hill Rose Le«leyMO-n Ida. CkristopKerso Hattie MorJcll Selina W kn.a.n P leta Ckandle Anna Pederson. Mona Profound Louise Olson “GRADS” “GRADS” OhnjTon NloUif Norma. George J ar t' Me be) A-ma-ni on aenev'igvg P'Ore-ly „ “GRADS PRES. M’CASKIU. BANKS DICKSON PROP. RYAN (CAPT.) BASKETBALL TEAM WHEALDON LEWIS SCOON I.KMIKL'X Photo ov Roltc Olga Megordex nr ii lE nr—imt nr- in tLQCalS ni -. -ii ■ o.. .il. ir ii in £ uents of tfie ear Aug. 28. School opened with the following mottoes representing each cla s: Freshmen—Little things please little minds; Sophomore—Tongue double brings trouble; Junior—A light heart lives long; Senior—Have more than we showest, Speak less than we knowest. Sept. 9. Mr. Ryan dreams of Francis. Sept. 21. Mr. Cadigan and Mr. Cott skip school and arc later seen at the Bijou. Sept. 25. Boys play ball. Oct. 30. Halloween ghosts and spooks discovered in the gymnasium. Nov. 1. First quarter ends. Some students joyous, others sad. Nov. 2. Second quarter begins. Nov. 25. A typical boy read a story on a typical boy, “Johnny.” Nov. 26. The illustrious Quintilian Society gives a banquet. Dec. 13. Basketball game. Nelson Dewey 26, Normal 29. Dec. 20. Another game. Nelson Dewey 33, Normal 35. Holiday vacation begins. Students leave happily for their respective homes, with high hopes of a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. Dec. 31. A goodbye to old 1907, and a welcome to young 1908. Jan. 1. Resolutions made. Jan. 6. Classes resume work. Students glad (?) to be back. Jan. 17. Oratorical contest. Jan. 24. Game at Ashland. Ashland 41, Normal 34. Jan. 25. Game at Ashland. Ashland 38, Normal 34. Jan. 27. Second semester begins. Jan. 31. Game at Duluth. Duluth Y. M. C. A. 21, Normal 29. Team from Normal well supported, regardless of the bad weather. Feb. 8. Game. Nelson Dewey alumni 5, Normal 52. Normalises prove to be good rooters. Feb. 14. Mail carriers overworked. Valentine party given by Juniors in gymnasium. Feb. 17. Excitement among members of basketball teams. Hats lost, rubbers walked away, and neckties missing. Queer they were found reposing behind radiators. Mystery as to how they got there still unsolved. G TCIIE GUMEE PACK FORTY-OX E Feb. 21. Game at Normal. Ashland 24, Normal 33. Feb. 22. Game at Normal. Ashland 23, Normal 57. Feb. 25. Nothing of consequence. Feb. 29. Game. Blaine 45, Normal 32. March 6. Game. Duluth Y. M. C. A. 18, Normal 38. March 13. Drawing classes busy making posters and pennants for the contest. March 13. Game. Blaine 33, Normal 35. Lots of money changes hands. March 16. Mr. Gilbert tells students how Mr. Burbank raises red, white, and blue blackberries. March 17. Fire drill. Students happy for an escape from classes. March 18. Mr. Gilbert completes his speech. March 19. Game. Whitewater 28, Normal 31. Visitors arrive to attend contest. Normal artistically decorated with the several Normal colors. March 20. Game. Whitewater 17, Normal 37. Contest at Grand Opera House. Superior wins first place. Reception to visitors at Superior Hotel after contest. March 21. Where were Calef and Cadigan about 4 a. m.? March 31. The old month growled its way out. April 3. Rhetorical program. Spring vacation begins. April 14. Behold! Mr. Dickson, thou dost appear in a new suit. April 20. Seniors select class pin. April 21. Miss Hill, from Columbia University, gave a talk. April 23. Mr. Hembdt gave talk on languages, from which we learned many interesting things about some of our words. We learned when a man called his wife a “queen” he was calling her a “hen.” April 24. Rainy day. April 25. Miss G-y talking to Mr. C. in the hall. Mr. Donalds and Miss Ross stroll by. Miss G-y—“What do those two find to talk about?” Mr. C.—“Oh, some kind of breakfast food, I guess.” Miss G-y— What? Mush?” April 28. Mr. Dickson and Miss Calhoun seen at the G. R. C. program. April 29. Two students were unfortunately showered with rice. April 30. Miss E. takes in a Bijou performance. May 1. Maypole dance in gymnasium. May 2. Boys celebrate birthdays of all young ladies born in May. Our Hevo Seacfiers Various changes have taken place in our faculty this year. In the model department only one of our teachers, Miss Barbour, is left. Following arc the new teachers: MRS. SQUIRE. Mrs. Squire, who filled the vacancy in the position of supervisor of practice of the model department caused by the resignation of Miss Doyle, came here from Dillon, Montana, where she was supervisor in the Normal College. She has also taught in Alabama, Aberdeen, South Dakota, and in the public schools of St. Paul. PAGE FORTY-TWO Receiving her training in Hnmlinc University, Cornell College, University of Minnesota, and in Leipzig and Wuerzburg, she came here well prepared to fill her position adequately, which she has done. She is a woman of marked ability and broad experience, having traveled extensively while in Europe. MISS NORTON. Miss Susan W. Norton, a graduate of the Nebraska State Normal at Peru, and of Vassar College, came here to fill Miss Bettes’ place as critic of the grammar department. She came with high recommendations from the Normal of Madison, South Dakota. Pupils, faculty, and practice teachers have all enjoyed working with her this year, and arc glad that the pleasant relationship is to be continued. MISS QUINN. Miss Frances Quinn, a teacher of marked personality, has filled the position vacated by Miss Harrington in the intermediate department, in a most satisfactory manner. A graduate of the Chicago Normal Training School and a great favorite there, she has received an offer of a more promising position for next year, and, much to our sorrow and the Normal’s loss, is going to leave us at the end of the year. Although her sojourn with us has been brief, students and faculty alike feel thankful to have met her and had the pleasure of working with her. MISS ROWLAND. Miss Elizabeth Rowland, who took Miss Kromcr’s place as critic of the primary department, is a graduate of the Oshkosh Normal. She has also done post-graduate work there. Before coming here she taught two years in the Normals of Fairmont and Athens, West Virginia. A cultured person possessing a pleasing manner, she soon became a general favorite with the practice teachers and faculty. MR. ROYCE. Asa M. Roycc, professor in pedagogy and institute conductor, has been in our midst only a year, and we already feel his great value to us. Mr. Roycc graduated from Oshkosh Normal with the class of 1897. He then taught in a graded school for a few years, after which he attended the University of Wisconsin, graduating from there in 1904. Later he became county superintendent of Oconto county, which position he held for four years. He then became city superintendent at Oconto, resigning in 1906 to take charge of the work in pedagogy at the Plattcvillc Normal. While there he also did special work in rhetorieals. In August, 1907, he took up his present work. MISS HINKEL. Miss Martha Ilinkcl, who succeeded Mr. Bergen as assistant in English, is a graduate of Northwestern University. She had charge of the English department in the high school at Redwood Falls, Minnesota, and later at Monroe, Wis. She comes to us from the Iowa Wesleyan University, where she was at the head of the English department. • • • : Miss Hinkcl certainly deserves the highest praise for her work Jiere, training the contestants in the preliminary oratorical contest, and afterwards working untiringly PACE FORTY-THREE in Retting Miss Hogan ready for the state and interstate contests. While of course we are as proud of Miss Hogan as can be, we must not forget that to Miss Hinkcl belongs a great deal of credit for the victory. MISS PR1NZ. Miss Prinz has taken up Miss PettinghilFs work in the domestic science department very successfully. She received her technical training at the University of Chicago. We arc sorry to hear it rumored about that she will not be with us next year, her culinary skill being in demand in another and more limited field. TUB EVOLUTION OK AX BNOAOEMEXT RIXO SociaC 6 oents The social committee, under the supervision of Miss Lawton, is to be congratulated in having made the social functions of the school year a great success. A great deal of extra time was given to the entertainments and decorations during the contest, but nevertheless the parties held previous to the contest were immensely enjoyed by all. On October 2 the students from out of town entertained the other members of the school, in the gymnasium. The feature of the evening was stunts planned out and performed by different groups of students, each stunt as a surprise to all the others. After this, light refreshments were served. As the entertainment was quite novel, all present thoroughly enjoyed it and departed lauding the out-of-town people for their royal good time. On Halloween night a party was given by the school, and nearly all the students were present. The guests were taken in imagination through Germany, Ireland, Switzerland, and other picturesque parts of Europe. Several interesting shadow pictures were shown during the evening. Refreshments were served at little booths. After having a grand march and singing a few old songs, all departed with a feeling that the evening had been well spent. The Juniors gave the big Valentine party. They had the gymnasium artistically decorated for the occasion, in hearts and cupids. The social committee were dressed up as special characters, and acted their parts to perfection. Olive Manning received the first prize, and to Mr. Calef and Mr. Johnson, who were dressed up as the Siamese twins, was given the consolation prize, a lemon. PACK FORTY-FOUR 0iisepara6fes n. Cadigan and his cigarettes. Mac Mungavin and her gum. Jen Burnson and Tower Avenue. Dickson and track team. Mr. Whealdon and his hair. Mona and her Irish brogue. Miss Prinz and her diamond ring. Gregory and his long legs. Marie Marquette and her voice. Mr. Royce and pearly teeth. Flcta and the Bible. Rodin and his popularity. Elliot Donalds and 1601 Baxter Avenue. Jennie Twetten and her gayety. Mr. Merrill and Superior harbor. Mr. Cott and his pipe. Mary Hanitch’s hair and its kinks. Miss Geary and her originality. Calcf and the local Oratorical Association. Nancy Bond and her singing. Rufus and his books. Mr. McCaskill and his fishing. Miss Schlegel and her boys. Mabel Olson and a man. Douglas and his temper. Cott and his green tic. Genevieve O’Grady and her music. Mr. Gilbert and his good nature. Seniors and current events. Mr. Hembdt and his jokes. Dora O’Hare and her dignity. Nona Leader and her giggle. Martha Stanbury and her vanity. Mr. Gillette and his wife. Jessie Roberts and late hours. Enoch Fuller and his slowness. Mrs. Merry and the Choral Club. Willard and the girls. Johnson and his independence. Miss Pinkham and her kindness to students. Cadigan and his special course. Marie Davidson and her thinness. Minnie Stcnsland and the boys. Irene Johnson and her intellectuality. Miss Schlegel and her smile. Myrtle and a hay rack ride. Mollic and her cheerful face. Miss Eaton and fines. Miss Fitzgerald and delinquents. Eileen Matthews and her boastings. Maud Ewer and school spirit. Helen Scoon and unexpectedness. Miss Varian and fancy steps. Bielcfeldt and his red hair. Norma George and good eats. Cadigan and his money. Mr. Smith and his line of ancestors. Alice Fowler and style. Helen Madden and her drawl. Jessie Roberts and the “Gitchc” staff. Elsie Dcglcr and the grammar department. Stella McNally and roller skating. Maude Ewer and The Ewer Club. GITCHE GUM EE I see the smoke come trailing by, As if it came from out the sky, And see magnificent things in it; They’re put together just to fit. Tigers, wildcats, and lions, too— To death they’d pretty near scare you; But I am brave and not afraid, Because I know they’re only made. —Pauline Blackshnu. PAGE FORTY-FIVE GIT CHE GUM EE 3fie dirts’ Reading Cfu6 Lives of great men oft remind us We can make our lives sublime, And departing, leave behind us Footprints on the sands of Time.” In these words of Longfellow we find voice to our purpose. Ten years ago, our Girls’ Reading Club was organized, with a small membership of twelve. Still the smallness of its number did not phaze the greatness of its purpose. The circle met fortnightly on Friday afternoon to read and discuss the poets and masters of art and literature. Quite often, when the leading member read to the club, the others did hand sewing, and enjoyed many an afternoon in this literary fashion. Occasionally students of Shakespeare or other masters were invited to speak at special meetings. Each year the club has been reorganized, and each time a larger membership has adorned the secretary’s scroll. After the third reorganization, a constitution was adopted with due form and ceremony, and has henceforth been a binding link in the club. Year after year, new work was taken up, and varied with the wishes of the members. Leaders were appointed for arranging a program for each meeting, and the members have always shown responsive readiness to partake. They have always kept up that desire to acquaint themselves with the great masters, living and dead, who have largely contributed to the pleasures of life. Soon the club found that a litlc seasoning of sociability would not mar the purpose of its organization, and then quite frequently, especially in the last two or three years, friends have been entertained, or some other club of the school has been invited to a social gathering. Not having been a member of this interesting circle until the past year, I am able to mention only a few of our social times of recent dates. 'Flic initiation of new members last fall was an especially enjoyed instance. Many so-called stunts” were performed by various young ladies, much to the amusement of the others. However, among such a bevy of brilliant young damsels as our club can bespeak of, no “stunt” was impossible; each was accomplished in due fashion and ceremony, and the participants were given a hearty welcome. Since then our club has entertained our manly Quintilian Society. This was a Christmas party, and the room in which they assembled had been tastily adorned PACE FORTY-SIX with fragrant evergreens and later by the pleasant, smiling faces of our Quintilians, as they conversed amiably with our young ladies. The story of Scrooge was read from Dickens' “Christmas Carol, after which refreshments were served. Now came the most fun of all, the impromptu program carried out chiefly by our visitors. To say the least, every one was pleased with the occasion; and, moreover, the breath of school unity had been fostered in both clubs. Still more recently a Dickens program was held, in which various characters were represented by costumes and actions to suit the occasion. Here, again, selections from Dickens’ works were read, and in due time the light repast was served, which added spice to our pleasure. Yet we must remember that the enjoyment is not the sole aim of life. Our club anticipates giving to its members and visitors something greater than pleasure—something that will inspire them to higher aims and to newer lights in this literary age. We know that such work can not go on unsupported. From its organization, our club has been supported by the faithful attention and services of Miss Geary, who has been a kind advisor at all times. To her is due the progress of the club, and to her we owe more than we can repay. Many others may be mentioned as earnest workers for our cause, among them our president, Miss Moyle. We also wish to extend our thanks, for assistance and encouragement given us, to Miss Hinkcl, Mr. Hembdt, Mrs. Merry, Miss Eaton, Miss Dickinson of the Blaine High School, and all others who have been kind enough to help us. The school should be proud of this indispensable little circle of literary workers. I know that every one hopes with me that it may continue in the future with its uplifting purpose, and add a bright page in the record of the Superior Normal School. Cfioraf CCu6 The Choral Club has done, as usual, excellent work this year, and the members arc to be congratulated on their success. The club sang twice at the Euterpean Society, the first time singing Mendelssohn’s “Lift Thine Eyes,” the next time the “Spinning Chorus from the “Flying Dutchman, by Wagner. The selections were received with hearty applause. At the preliminary oratorical contest they sang “Lift Thine Eyes” and Barcarolle” by Kuckcn. The audience was very appreciative, and the numbers were thoroughly enjoyed. Probably the most important event of the year was the State Oratorical Contest, at the Grand Opera House, at which the club added much to the pleasure of the evening. When the curtain rose, sixty girls, dressed in white, amidst the pennants and waving colors of the different schools, greeted the eyes of the audience, making a very pretty spectacle. The first selection, which opened the program, was Bailey’s Fleeting Days,” a waltz which increased the gaiety of the occasion. The club closed the program by singing “A Spanish Romance,” by Sawycr-Lyncs. GITCHE GUMEE PACE FORTY-SKVEN A double quartette from the Choral Club sang “Cupid Made Love to the Moon,” by Dudley L. Smith, at the declamatory contest, and the club rendered the “Spinning Chorus” from the “Flying Dutchman.” Mrs. Merry and the members of the club are working very hard on the commencement music, which is so indispensable to Commencement Day. They will sing “Kerry Dance,” by Malloy; and a semi-chorus, composed of club members, will sing “One Summer Day,” by Mrs. H. H. A. Beach, and Mendelssohn’s “Spring Song.” zffie OratoricaC Clssociaticn Far more interest has been given to the oratorical association, this year, than to any other society of the school. This interest was not undeserved; for the leaders took it upon themselves to do the work expected of the organization, in such a way that not only the students of our school should become interested in and respect the society, but that the visiting delegations of the other normals, when here for the inter-normal contest, should highly compliment it. This work did not consist merely in urging talented students to enter the local contest, that the best material of the school could be had to pick from for the inter-normal, but also in managing the decorating, entertaining and general business of this great contest. In all of this the society succeeded far beyond its own expectations. The local oratorical contest, at which our orator for the inter-normal was chosen, was held in the assembly hall of the Normal, January the seventeenth. On this evening the following program was rendered: Chorus—“Barcarolle” (Kucken) ...............................Choral Club Remarks...............Irene Johnson, Vice-President Local Oratorical Association Oration—“Modern Knighthood”.......................................Celia Carslcy Oration—“The Might of the Minority”..........................Beecher J. Dickson Oration—“Night Brings Out the Stars”............................Olga Megorden Oration—“The Mission of Music”........................Marie E. Marquette Chorus—“Lift Thine Eyes” (Mendelssohn)..............................Choral Club Oration— Joan of Arc”.....................................................Jennie Hogan Oration—“The Drama”.........................................................Myra Wiley Oration—“The Power of the Soil”...................................Ellis N. Calcf Oration—“Child Labor”.........................................Herman Biclcfeldt Piano Solo— Valse Brilliante” (Moszkowski).........................Anna Jerrard The contestants, who were trained by Mr. Hembdt and Miss Hinkcl, were certainly a credit to the school. The judges, Hon. George B. Hudnall, Mr. H. W. Gilbert, Mrs. C. Z. Lusc, Mr. Louis Hanitch, and Dr. H. A. Russell, awarded first place to Miss Jennie Hogan, and second place to Miss Olga Megorden. PAGE FORTY-EIGHT GITCHE GUMEE w © ATHLETICS When school opened last fall, there did not seem to be over bright prospects for school athletics. Basketball, however, had the brightest outlook of any one branch. There was none of last year’s team back at first, Eli Lemieux coming after Christmas holidays; but all of the second team of last year had shown up. As this was a championship team in its class, it, together with the new students to pick from, seemed to give promise of a fast team for the season. Football was talked of some during the earlier part of the year, but this fell through because of lack of material. Baseball and a track team arc the latest out in the athletic field. As yet nothing has been realized of these, but we are still hoping for them. Basketball season started with the election of officers of the athletic association and of the team. Those of the former are: E. N. Calcf, president; Rufus Scoon, vice-president; J. L. Johnson, secretary; Douglas Lewis, treasurer; and of the latter, W. J. Ryan was elected captain and B. J. Dickson, manager. The games of the season were played as follows, with the following results: December 13—Normal......... 29, December 20—Normal......... 36, January 24—Normal.......... 34, January 25—Normal......... 34, January 31—Normal......... 29, February 8—Normal......... 52, February 21—Normal......... 33, February 22—Normal......... 57, February 29—Normal......... 32, March 6—Normal......... 38, March 13—Normal......... 35, March 19—Normal......... 31, March 20—Normal......... 35, Nelson Dewey High. . 26 Nelson Dewey High.. 35 Ashland Y. M. C. A.. 41 Ashland Y. M. C. A. . 38 Duluth Y. M. C. A.. 21 Nelson Dewey Alumni. 5 Ashland Y. M. C. A.. 24 Ashland Y. M. C. A.. 23 Blaine High School... 45 Duluth Y. M. C. A... 18 Blaine High School... 33 Whitewater Normal .. 28 Whitewater Normal .. 15 352 Number of points scored by Normal.................... 475 Number of points scored by opponents..................352 Advantage ........................................... 123 PACE FORTY-NINE GITCHE GUM EE The first team lined up as follows: Forward—W. J. Ryan, Captain, Forward—Lawrence Banks, Guard—Eli Lcmicux, Center—Rufus Scoon, Guard—Douglas Lewis. I he greatest interest centered around the games with the Whitewater Normal and the Blaine High School. The Whitewater bunch was heralded as the State Normal champions. They had a slightly puzzling style of play; but as soon as our boys succeeded in solving it, they easily broke it up, and Whitewater was defeated in both games. Whitewater played a good game, considering that they were in a strange gymnasium; but they were clearly outclassed. This victory gave to Superior the championship of the state. The Blaine games were witnessed by the largest crowds that ever turned out to such events in the history of the game in Superior. If fast and clever work was what they came to see, they certainly got what they were looking for. The ability of the Blaine team to throw goals needs no comment, and the guarding and team work of the Normal was marvelous to enable them to hold the high school state champions down as closely as they did, and to secure an even break on the two games played. This tells the story of the contest. The Blaine had an offense that was almost irresistible, and the Normal a defense that was nearly invincible. That the teams were very evenly matched, there can be no doubt. What the outcome of a third game would have been, can merely be conjectured. However, it is to be regretted that there was not some good neutral floor on which the two teams could have got together and settled the question of supremacy. This has been a very successful year for athletics, financially, and the association is in a position where it will have plenty of money to begin the next year with, which together with the work which is now being done on the new athletic field, gives a decidedly rosy hue to the future. Pickings Mr. Hembdt (in Rhetoric)—“Read your application, Miss Adams.” Miss A.—“I play the piano, and am twenty-five years old.” (Class laughs; Miss Adams looks surprised.) Mr. H.—“Continue, Miss Adams; wc believe you.” Some of the requirements for entrance into the K. K. Club: Members must be Kandy Kids, Kard Kranks, Kinda Kutc, wear Krinkly Kurls, drink Koka Kola, cat Korn Krisp, and last, but not least, they must be able to kill karc. If you can not fill all these requirements, there is no chance 2 kut in. To Elliott: Once on a time, Ages and ages ago, There sang a boy A terrible, terrible tale of woe, Of how he’d been jollied to a vivid red, All for fussin’ an auburn head. In Music, dough.” Miss Wiley—“I can’t get the Mr. Hembdt—“Whose work is this?” Miss Carslcy (flustered)—“It’s minc-but I forgot my name.” (Was she thinking of a new one?) PACE FIFTY mmsam i.s.sbwsi m CLASSES mu m GITCHE GUMEE Four Ages of a Schoolgirl $r$r At first the Freshman, Timid, shrinking, with sad, appealing eyes, Awed by a look, and scared stiff by a quiz. Next the Sophomore, cynical and wise, Who works and wonders where the glory is. And then the Junior, careless and carefree, Who bluffs her way, and laughs within her sleeve And trusts to luck to guide her thru the sea Where all the terrors known as finals be. And, last of all, the Senior comes in view, With spectacles on nose and pen in hand, Who speaks great truths and knows them to be true; Who walks the aisles with carriage gravely grand, And smiles benignly down on me and you. —Gertrude Hanson. PAGE FIFTY-ONE GITCHE GUM EE FRESHMAN Under the kind supervision of Miss Geary, our class officer, we met and organized our class the second week of school. The following officers were elected: Mary Rooney, president; Jennie Currie, secretary and treasurer; Enoch Fuller, Helen Scott, Susie Coleman, social committee. Meetings of the class have been called several times during the year for the purpose of expressing our sympathy to different members of our class for the loss of some dear member of their families. Beautiful floral offerings were but a small token of our deep interest and sympathy for our classmates in their bereavement. The attendance in our class has been good, considering the large enrollment; and, tho we may not have distinguished ourselves by any social function, we feel that we have not disgraced ourselves in our class work. The first public rhetorical program was given Friday, March 7. Members of the freshman class, only, took part in this exercise, an honor we fully appreciated, as only those who particularly distinguish themselves in their recitals are given the coveted (?) privilege of appearing in the public rhetoricals. Those who took part in this program acquitted themselves very creditably, and set a pace” that other classes will find hard to excel. SOPHOMORE Come, listen to me, while some truths I unfold, Concerning a wonderful group Of students with talents quite rare, I am told, A wonderful, marvelous troop. This body of workers is faithful and true; They are careful to mind every rule. Do you think they’d be tardy? Not this faithful few! And they’d blush to be absent from school. When one of our band finds his way to the halls, Mr. Hembdt broadly smiles and looks wise; For he knows such a one means no mischief at all, So Professor just closes his eyes. If any one wishes to know who it be That make up this virtuous mass, The Normal School Faculty (for they all agree) Will answer, “The Sophomore Class.” As it has been in the past history of the class of 1910, so do we hope that the remaining two years will be memorable ones. In spite of the fact that many of our number are from out of town, it did not take long to make the acquaintance of PACE FIFTY-TWO the different members of the class. Class spirit seemed to spring up; and when a meeting was called for the organization of the Sophomore class, every one was ready. We were so delighted to find that the Sophomores had more boys than any other class, realizing the scarcity of them in the school. E. N. Calcf was chosen president; Olga Megorden, vice-president; and J. L. Johnson, secretary, of the class. Several of our members will leave this spring as graduates of the elementary course; but their ranks will be filled next year by high school graduates, perhaps from all parts of the state. Those who will enter the Junior class, we trust, will keep alive the spirit which is there and inspire the new members to fall into good habits of loyalty. We, the Sophomore class, have enjoyed the year, and it will be with reluctancy that we leave our seats in front of the platform and take a slightly more dignified position in the back of the room. (Miss M. has failed to read a sentence.) Mr. Hembdt—“In Greece, if a man could not read or swim, he was no good. Mr. Lewis, read that sentence!’' Doug—“I can swim.” The class was surprised at the sudden recovery of Miss Berg. We hope that Elliott has not changed his scat to the Junior section. It looks well to see all the boys seated together. - €-S JUNIOR Early last fall the class organized into a working body and elected the following officers for the year: President, W. R. Cott; vice-president, Mary Hanitch; secretary, Anna Larson; treasurer, Celia MacRac; members of Gitchc Gurnee staff: Katherine Lenroot, W. J. Ryan, B. J. Dickson, W. R. Cott. The Juniors have one thing which they can be proud of this year (and let it be stated that they are) : One of their classmates won first place in the Inter-Normal Oratorical Contest. All hail! Miss Hogan! The year opened auspiciously for the Junior class, a number of new acquisitions in the shape of high school graduates—among whom, it might be said, there were a few boys (a scarce article around this seminary)—swelled its roll and gave it new energy. The spirit of the class, from the first, was the kind that foretold a winner. Out of the eight contestants who entered the preliminary contest, six were Juniors. The showing that these representatives made was such that it caused the members of the class to hold their heads a little higher. Well might they. The annual mid-year party for the school, given by the junior class, was pretty hot stuff. The only thing that marred ( ?) the evening was a cutting of a twenty- PACB FIFTY-THREE GIT CHE GUMEE minute period by the electric lights. That was once the boy was not the evil doer. 'Flic good support the members of the class gave their officers throughout the year not only made the class a decided success, but imbued the school with a spirit the benefits of which cannot be estimated. It deserves emulation. Miss Stella Ackley, who was taken with a severe attack of diphtheria shortly after the beginning of the second semester, is now, we are pleased to say, convalescent. She will not be able to continue her studies until next year. The Junior class of 1908 will make a senior class of 1909, that will make the school doff its hat, so Here’s to the class of 1909, Which has many a lass, mighty fine, And many a lad made of the stuff That doesn’t know when enough’s enough. “Finis.” SENIOR President, Maude Ewer; Vice President, Irene Johnson; Secretary, Mona Pen-found; Treasurer, Mollie Algco; Motto, “The ropes of the past ring the bells of the future”; Colors, Verdi Green and Old Gold. Mollie T. AIgeo— “If she smiled, a light was on her face.” Mabel Amundson— “Exceeding wise, fair spoken, and persuading.” Elizabeth Beggs— “An animated form that speaks a mind within.” Jeanette Carolyn Burn sen— “Falseness cannot come from thee.” Fleta Grace Chandler— I have no other but a woman’s reason; I think him so because I think him so.” Clara Christopherson— “I care for nobody, no, not I, If nobody cares for me.” Ida Camille Christopherson— “For she is wise if I can judge her. Genevieve Clement— “By diligence she wins her way.” Elizabeth Bingham Colbeck— “Earth’s noblest thing, a woman perfected.” Julia Donnally— “A woman whose heart is big, whose hands arc pure.” Maud Ewer— “Books cannot always please, however good; Minds are not ever craving for their food.” Alice G. Fowler— “The flower of Gentilesse, Of honour, and of perfect worthiness.” Norma IVaterman George— “Take her and use her well; she’s worthy of it.” Marie 11 augner— “A merry heart niakcth a cheerful countenance.” Mary Hill— The very pink of perfection.” Irene M. Johnson— “ ’Twas for the good of my country that I should be abroad.” Hattie M or dell— My eyes make pictures when they arc shut.” Unto the Phoenix kind, “She may be well compared Mary Elizabeth Dowd— “So joyously, So maidenly, So womanly.” I’AGE FIFTY-FOUR Mary D ottery— “This gift alone I shall her give, When death doth what he can, Her honest fame shall ever live Within the mouth of man.” T illy IV iberg— Whose like was never seen or heard, That any man can find.” Ethel EnsJey— “Seeing only what is fair, Sipping only what is sweet, Thou dost mock at fate and care.” Ruth Erickson— “Her stature showed Womanly beauty, and her clear, calm eye Was bright with venturous spirit.” Myrtle Moyle— “A faithful friend—best born of heaven.” Ruth McHugh— “A face with gladness overspread, Sweet looks by human kindness bred.” Mary McNally— “A straight mind That envies not.” Genevieve Agnes O'Grady— “She walks the waters like a thing of life.” Anna Elizabeth Pederson— “A heart to resolve, a head to contrive, and a hand to execute.” Mona Pen found— “As merry as the day is long.” Minnie Dorothea Stensland— “Thou hast no faults, or I no faults can spy; Thou art all beauty, or all blindness I.” Selrna Wikman— “An open-hearted maiden, true and pure.” Blanche IVood— “All that life can rate Worth name of life, in thee hath estimate.” Pansy Celia York— “A smooth and steadfast woman, Gentle thoughts and calm desires.” Ida Olive Ilagberg— “To bear is to conquer our fate.” Edna Holman— “I never dare to write as funny as I can.” Rose Lederman— “ ’Tis distance lands enchantment to the view.” Louise O. Olson— “A heart that constant shall remain.” Mildred Evia Smith— “I shall be like that tree, I shall die at the top.” Emma Anderson— “She was a phantom of delight When first she gleamed upon my sight.” Martha Bowser— “Behold her single in the field, This solitary Normal lass!” Sadie Brown— “So active, so inquiring eye, so varied in discourse.” Bessie De Long— “None ever crossed our mystic sea More richly stored with thought than she.” Gertrude Falconer— “What is before us we know not, And we know not what shall succeed.” Jeane Gallagher— “And in the world, as in the school, I’d say how fate may change and shift.” Julia Lepine— “Sow the seed, and reap the harvest with enduring toil.” Olga J. Megorden— “Joy lift her spirit, joy attune her voice.” Daisy Belle McLaughlin— “Where’er she turns the Graces homage pay.” Lina Prideaux— “The tender for another’s pain, The unfeeling for her own.” Pearl E. Seguin— “Thou art so true that thoughts of thee suffice To make dreams truths and fables histories.” Gertrude Setter— “A face made up Out of no other shop Than what Nature’s white hand sets ope.” Clara Twetten— “Reason masters every sense, And her virtues grace her birth.” Mildred Whcelon— “Wit she hath without desire To make known how much she hath.” GITCHE GVMEE PACE FIFTY-FIVE GITCHE GUM EE C(ass WiCf and Testament Wc, the class of 1908, of the Superior State Normal School, being of a sound mind and memory, and being about to pass out of this old life into the new, do hereby make and declare this to be our last Will and Testament. First—Wc give and bequeath to the Junior class, our scats, although they will never be able to fill them as wc have. These scats arc to be used by the above named class for one year, and then, if they are used to the satisfaction of the Faculty, and of the Board of Regents, the class may have right to dispose of them as they please. Second—To the Sophomores and Freshmen wc do bequeath a little of our superfluous knowledge, our sound physical and mental condition, our clear understanding of the duties of a teacher, and trust that they will use this valuable bequest to the best advantage. Third—Wc will the Faculty of the said school, which consists of several learned men and women, to the remaining classes. If you make an appointment with any one of them, be sure you arc there on time, but be not discouraged if the teacher is not to be seen. Fourth—To the Juniors we leave our bookmarks. You may be able to use these fittingly, but be careful in your preparation—with a good eraser. Fifth—To the remaining classes wc leave the honored privilege of practise teaching. Use this privilege cautiously, carefully, and thoughtfully; for in some places it is very brittle. Be sure you give the idea” before the “name.” Sixth—There arc a few people of our class that find they have some particular characteristic which they desire to leave to some particular person of the said school, which arc as follows: Norma George wills her German books to Willard Ryan, so he may appreciate the sandscript. Jeanette Burnsen leaves her power and wonderful rapidity of “leaping” to Maude Ross. Minnie Stcnsland wills her artistic touch upon the keys of the piano to Ethel Hines. Alice Fowler bequeaths her privilege of coming late to the eight-twenty Algebra class to Susan McQueen. Mona Penfound bequeaths her frivolous manner of hair dressing to Celia McRae. Flcta Chandler leaves her coquettish manner to Lynn Daniels. Myrtle Moyle leaves her protection by the police department to any one in the Junior class that finds attraction in a certain young man of the Sophomore class. Irene Johnson bequeaths her power of oratory to Albert Rodin. Molly Algco wills her fondness for Barbers” to Mr. Cott. Ruth McHugh leaves her graft to Mr. Cadigan. Maud Ewer, being of a very generous nature, leaves her pious and sedate manner to all the members of the Junior class. Seventh—As the time is near for us to depart from this sacred ground, wc wish to will our gratitude to those who have taken an interest in us. CLASS 1908. PAGE FIFTY-SIX The Man of Business jg His Advantages THE DIFFERENCE. When ono considers the length 01 time and hard study required to fit one’s self for teaching or any profession and then when the earning capacity, even of the very best, is taken into account, there is no comparison between the salary of the professional man and that earned by the man of business. One year in a first-class, high grado business college, like The Now Era, of Superior, Wig., will put the stamp of high proficiency on the young man tliat will enable him to command a princely salary, anywhere in the business world. This sweeping assertion has been verified by hundreds of finished students there. GOING INTO BUSINESS. Tho young man who fits himself for business, even if he has not the means to go into business for himself on finishing school, the savings from his salary will in a few years afford him tho funds to do so. The moment he is in business for himself he is not only independent, but he has started on the road to independence, a competency in life. Tho business man has something to look forward to in the future. The glad day when he can go into business for himself. Tho teacher has nothing to look forward to except to be the subservient slave to tho whims and caprices of others. The Woman of Business m Her Opportunities THE DOOR IS OPEN. IN FOR HERSELF. The exigencies of the circumstances of trade and the ever expanding commerco of this country has opened tho door wide to the bright, quick woman in business. A. few years ago there wero very few women in business, today there is an army of women in all of the different lines of commerce. They arc filling evory imaginable position, except that of manual labor, where brawn and muscle only are required. Employers arc encouraging them to enter the business world. Their cflicicncy in every department is equal to that of their brothers, while they arc perfectly dependable, which is the ono thing above all others that is tho highest of all recommendations. An employee who can be depended upon is sought after, and thus the ono great secret of the woman of business. There arc very few lines of business that seem to bo exempt from the woman of business. They are crowding all lines. They are phenomenally successful. There is a reason for their success. The same close application that they gnvo to their employer’s business they apply to their own. They are self-reliant and depend upon themselves. Then aside from being polite, courteous, anil genteel, they are natural saleswomen, gifted in the art of selling. A good lady stenographer, bookkeeper or clerk makes a good business woman, and is usually successful in business, for herself. Thero are many young women from the largo number who finished in The New Em Business College, Superior, Wis., who nrc now successfully conducting business for themselves. The door is open to you. 57 Blbenberg’s Duluth and Superior nt tbe t)ca of tbe Xaftco Pronounced the authoritative store for Up-to-date Merchandise in Ladic '. Misses and Children's Rcady-to Millinery Wear _ . Dress Goods Silks, Linens Wash Goods. Etc. A visit to this store will convince the most fastidious. THE ONLY DRUO DEPARTMENT IN THE CITY OFFCRINO GOODS BELOW REGULAR RETAIL PRICE.................. Some of the curiosities our museum contains: A Lightbody, a Hill, a Bank, a Berg, a Cott, a Stone, a Bond, Ein Hembdt, Ein Biclcfcldt, Herr Rodin, Hairless Johnson and Hairy Evans. Prof. Roycc (in Methods)—“Where is Yale?” Miss V.—“I don’t know exactly, but I think it’s in England somewhere.” Bielefeld t’s Symphony. (Sung with great effect in Miss -------’s car): “Du, dir liegst mir im Herzen, Du, dir liegst mir im Sinn, Du, dir machst mir vicl Schmcrzcn, Und weist nicht wic gut ich dir bin.” In meeting of Boys’ Athletic Association. Mr. Dickson—“The track team needs an appropriation for a shot.” Mr. Calcf— Pick up two half shots down town, and weld them together.” WANTED: Professors Gillette, Wheal-don, and Gilbert desire houses in Normal School district. Correct CotCege Cfotftcs and all other wearables for the neat and economical young man who strives to gain a standing in his chosen profession. Columbia Clothing Com pang FOOT-NOTE:-Wear the Columbia 3.50 Shoe Have your Photos made at 7Jhe S ?o fe Studio Our Styles are the Latest and Our Prices will please you. Phone 4380 1408 Tower Avc. ■ — v In Botany. Prof. Gilbert—“What is the meaning of assimilation?” Miss Davidson—“It means take in.” A “Freshic” to Miss Davidson after school— Are you going to assimilate the basketball game tonight?” In Senior Psychology. Mr. Royce—“Do you always accept a person at the first meeting as fair and square?” Miss Ross—“I don’t. I did once, and that person proved false; and now I won’t accept another.” Rossiter Brcculuiay WE WERE GRADUATES years ago in the making of fine Engravings Since then we have put in many years of practical experience and excel in our craft, as a trial order of our imrstr: will prove. NEWS TRIBUNE ENGRAVING PLANT DULUTH. MINN. 59 A Tale from the Botany Lab. A boy and a girl in a tete-a-tete—fussin’ —a noise in the hall—a shower of rice— embarrassment—chagrin—loud laughter in hall—silence—continued, they say, in every other room in the school. B stands for Banks, D for DcLong; We’ll leave you to guess the rest of this song. Miss Prinz— Somebody stole one of my pics today.” Mr. Gilbert—“I wonder what he will do with it!” Norma can’t shake George. In Rhetoric class. Prof. Hcmbdt (illustrating suggestive description)— You can’t love in a new house! No, sir! Girls won’t love there! You’ve got to have an old, vine-clad affair.” (Evidently he is an authority.) Cupid’s raids, they say, among our faculty have been successful. AT ONE TIME OR ANOTHER between now and midsummer there are a number of occasions in general, as well as several in particular, when more than likely it will be your wish to remember this old friend or that relative with a token of your esteem and regard. Solid silver plate, articles in sterling, and finely cut glass make ideal gifts—and of these wares we have a very broad assortment to put before you. C. A. SWANSON CO. ifrevoeCers cmcl Opticians. 1202 Tower Avc. BRUDER BROS. Smofte Sfiop One of the things a man has to learn before he can achieve any large success in this world is the value of time. . HAPPY HE WHO SMOKES REGINA and LA MONTA CIGARS. WE REPAIR PIPES. Mr. Smith—“Miss Murphy, will you please state today’s theorem?” Miss Murphy— If the sides of a regular polygon circumscribed inside of a circle be doubled successfully, the area—ahem!— have I included too much in the hypotenuse?” Mr. Smith— Good gracious!” Prof. Hcmbdt—“Correct this sentence: ‘For that crop of grass, though fresh and green, the farmer only got five dollars a ton.’ ” Miss M.—“Though the farmer was green and fresh, he only got five dollars a ton for that crop of grass.” Meeting of Boys’ Athletic Association. Mr. Lewis— I, as treasurer of the basketball team, turned over to myself as treasurer of Athletic Association, the money realized at basketball games. Now, from whom do you want this report, from the treasurer of the team or the association?” Mr. Calcf (in despair)—“Call in the attorney for the Standard Oil Co.” 60 i «r PciCcice of Sweets Z. A. DOWNS Undertaker and Licensed Embalmer What’s in a Name? 1606 Tower Ave. RumcII Block A visit to the “ Palace of Sweets” will convince you that we serve all People’s Phone 4212-A SUPERIOR, WIS. the delicacies your heart desires. Delicious Ice Cream, cool refreshing Drinks, finest Confectionery and light Lunches. Quick service, courtesy and purest of materials is our aim. NOW HERE The reason H. E. HUBBARD took this space was to let you know that he sells 1717-1719 BELKNAP ST. FINE SHOES Next Door to Grand Opera house. 1120 Tower Ave. OUR FACILITIES FOR GOOD PRINTING Latest Model Linotype Machine, For book and catalogue work. The main part of the Gitcho Gurnee was set on this machine. Large Size Optimus Cylinder Press. The largest and best press for l ook work in Superior. This magazine is a sample of the work. John Thomson. Colt’s Armory Press. The only one of its kind in Superior. This press is adapted for color work, heavy lux If tone work, and embossing. A Complete Bindery, For book, pamphlet, and commercial work. The Latest Styles of Type Faces And labor-saving material, insuring a rapid and economical output. Men of Years of Experience In clinrgo of all departments—every ono a shareholder in the business, ami each a specialist in his lino. SILVER-TONSBERG CO. Printing that's Different 1714-1716 Twelfth Street SUPERIOR. WISCONSIN 61 Money to Loan ON Superior Improved Real Estate and Farm Lands W. H. WEBB 1121 Tower Ave. Glcfiinion fyfliMmevy 1216 Tower Avenue New Phone 4440-D SUPERIOR, WIS. “DO IT NOW” OPEN A SAVINGS ACCOUNT AT THE United Stales National Bank 3% Compound Interest Need any PRINTING? I print Programs, Invitations, Announcements, Calling Cards, as well as all classes of Commercial Work. THOMAS ROEN New Phone 4790-D 710 Twelfth Street DR. C. E. COLE Eye, Ear, Nose. Throat and Nervous Diseases GLASSES ACTUALLY FITTED Now Phono 4H1-Y H'wffcfm Jllock ... Su trrior, ll'fa. SUPERIOR DYE WORKS O. MILLER, PROP. Practical French Dry Cleaner of all Kinds of Hats and Clothes PANAMA ANO STRAW HATS OLEACHKO ANO PRESSED. EQUAL TO NEW. New pmonc 4370-d 1712 N. Fifth St. Pederson Bros. THE EAII R i I NOW LOCATED AT BeCftnap and Ticu er THE OLDEST and Most Reliable Drug Store in Superior. The continued and uninterrupted proprietorship of C. W. AUST PRESCRIPTION DRUGGIST 1204 Tower Speaks volumes for its business methods. Established 1890. F. H. WOOD DEALER IN FRUITS. CONFECTIONERY AND HOME MADE BAKING Old Phone 4097-K 1521 Tower Ave. Superior, Wisconsin V % “It’ll Do Your Sole Good” To Come in Contact tvith Our Goodyear Welt Process Sftoe Repairing Sebved WorK.a Specialty. While you Wait. A.4m Sewed Sole . Men’s - 7Se Women’s. Misses' and Boy - 40 Ulir rflCCSI $«� 4Sol� s. Women's HO Childs - - - to Vfie Nailed Soles. Men’s - SOe Rubber Heels We use OaK. Tan Leather Exclusively. so GOPHER SHOE WORKS SUPERIOR SHOPS: 1418 Tower Avenue. Opp. New Federal Building. N. P. TURNBLADH, Prop. DULUTH SHOPS: 10 First Avenue West. 12 Fourth Avenue West. J 63 LIGHTBODY-WINGATE CO. NEWS The Lightbody Store is the place to look for novelties. You can be sure of the style and the quality. At present there is a large demand for neckwear, gloves, belts and ribbons. Our styles give satisfaction and comfort to the wearer. Fancy bows are made of lace and embroidery, white and colors. For a graduation souvenir we would suggest a fine hand-embroidered handkerchief, a fan, a piece of jewelry, stick or hat pin or fine buckle. Leather goods are always wanted and we have just received a fresh assortment of bags and purses. In the book department you will find the latest fiction and several volumes especially adapted for commencement days. A Snowy White Domestic Finish for Your Linen. LIGHTBODY-WINGATE CO. Cor. Tower Ave. and Eleventh St. SUPERIOR Superior.Wisconsin AT YOUR SERVICE ®[ 4083 Lioc Superior Xaunbr Co. a call UP Either 64 ZEbe JJJale Xaunbry (Formerly the Broadway) ‘k The Laundry that knows how You can always depend on proper work if your bundle goes to the Yale. BETTER GIVE IT A TRIAL. HIGH GRADE KOAL FOB Low Degrees Always bright and clean FINCH FUEL CO. 914 Tower Ave. jflowevs.. for Graduation and Commencement AT L. O'SULLIVAN FLORIST 1428 Tower Ave. TREAD IN TREADWELL Shoes and Oxfords Black and Tan 1008-10 Tov er Ave. BEMIS BAG PAPER CO. BRANCH OF BEMIS BROS. BAG CO. Paper Dealers Use our Imperial Fibre for wrapping purposes. A light, strong, economical paper. Best for the Price. Stand By Your Local Houses Both Phones 4203. — HARRY A. BECK GIVES FIR8T CLASS SERVICE AT THE LOBBY BARBER 8HOP 6 Call and Soo. 220 TOWER AVE. ts C. A. WOHLK’S ART STORE Art liootln ami t'ramlncj Shop. ARMSTEAD’S 1123 Towor Avenue Superior, ... Wisconsin. LAUNDRY C. E. ARMSTEAD, Proprietor. A Clmerican £ xcfiange Bcmft Doe8 a General bankino business. 1 •Vtr Cent lateral Paid oh Certificate of 'litpout snJ Stviitft st(counti. Twelfth Street md Tower Avenue. 1 R. E. BROWN 1706-8 Third Street Tonsorihl Parlor 171® TWELFTH 8T. SUPERIOR - WISCONSIN Ladles' and Children's Work a Specialty. Call. 66 A BANK ACCOUNT with A STRONG BANK WILL GIVE YOU PRESTIGE The First National Bank Superior, Wisconsin The Oldest ami Stromjesl Hank in the City. Has llesourees of $ I ,800 ,0OO. VO. We carry the largest line of HOUSE FURNISHINGS in the city See us before you make your selection M. May Furniture Co. WM. 0 CONNOR (Brntrr WHOLESALE AND RETAIL Both Phone 4244 1221-1223 Tower Ave. . SUPERIOR, WIS. IF YOU ARE LOOKING FOR. A FIRST-CLASS PLACE y°ur“.y. Ice Cream, Ice Cream Soda or Candy for the girl go to. The Eureka Confectionery Co, 1126 Tower Avenue BRANCH STORE Wisconsin Candy Kitchen. 915 Tower Ave. 67 Cborougb library anb laboratory equipment XMlcll prepareb faculty Regular four year courses. Two year courses for high school graduates. Elementary course of two years. Excellent opportunities for specializing in language, literature, social sciences, mathematics, science. Iklnberoartcn—ibanb worfe—Domestic Science physical Culture Catalogue free V. E. McCASKILL, President. masmm 68 TRUNKS SUIT CASES TRAVELING BAGS Biggest Stock Lowest Prices Superior Hardware Co. 1016-18 Tower Ave. Graduates Don’t fail in anything. But if you do, DON’T FAIL to have your Photographs made by LINDQUIST 1715 Broadway WE INVITE YOU to call on us and look over our stock of Watches, Jewelry, Silverware, Etc. One of our Watches or in fact anything we have is suitable for gifts. H. JORGENSON JEWELER 1124 Tower Avenue [ ROTH BROS. ] Department Store SUPERIOR, - - WISCONSIN This is the largest Department Store in Northern Wisconsin. When you are looking around drop in and see what a wonderful store it is. Unlike most stores, we carry only the finest qualities in all our different lines. 15 different stores under our roof, and one management, is the secret of our great buying power. That’s why we under-y sell all others. 69 WHERE SAIL MEETS RAIL TEMCO Brandi of Goodi ¥¥¥¥ Twohy- Eimon Mercantile Go. IMPORTERS WfiolesaCe grocers m SUPERIOR, WIS. £ gas range always bakes the best bread. The heat is under perfect control of the user. It does not overheat the kitchen and bake the baker. Ranges Sold on Easy Payments. Superior Water, Light Power Co. 1516 Tower Avc. Athletic Goods THAT ARE NOW IN SEASON Bicycles Velocipedes Express Wagons Hammocks Jerseys Jersey Coats Prices Right Base Balls Revolvers Pennants Fishing Tackle Croquet Sets, Roller Skates Base Ball Gloves Yacht Supplies Base Ball Mitts Guns Pease Hardware Co. “The Place tvith the Goods'’ 70 CHAS. A. CHASE. President. EDW. T. BUXTON. Vice President. EDW. L. CASS. Cashier. JOEL S. CATES, Assistant Cashier. JBank of Commerce Capital 5150,000 Surplus and Undivided Profits 545,oco Superior, UCUe. :Ter Cent Interest Paid on Certificates of Deposit and Sa-Vings Accounts. J jpf When I'ou tirtd A New Bicycle or wish the one you have repaired, call on us. We always have a large assortment of new bicycles on hand and carry a complete line of tftres and Sundries Carlson Bros. 1215 Tower Avenue Both Phones 4314 EH SURE! This is the season of the year when the weather man loses out on nearly all his guesses. Make it sure! Come to Olsen’s. Hot Chocolates for the Cold Days. Ice Cream Sodas for the Warm Days. All sorts of Unique Drinks for All Times. Fresh Candies Sweet Candies of every description and to please every taste and fancy, and ours are rapidly winning an enviable reputation. Elmer Olsen Co. Superior's Premier Soda Emporium. 1020 TOWER AVE. BOTH PHONR8. 1 it’s Olun's It's (Vboitsom . WANTED ----------w-------- Superior, Wis., May 29, ’08. WANTED—City property, improved or unimproved, in any part of the city. Write me at once and I will make you an offer for anything you have in the city. HENRY W. GILBERT 901 Tower Ave. Real Estate. Insurance and Loans. Established 1889. 71 GOAL POSTS Rope Stakes, Fencing, Bleacher Boards and all kinds of BUILDING MATERIAL in assorted sizes constantly on hand and more coming every day. Telephone orders promptly attended to. Rogers-Ruger Lumber Go. The J. L. Ross Co. FEED MILLERS Hay, Grain, Flour and Seeds Wagons, Buggies and Carriages Plows, Harrows, Cultivators, Mowers. Reapers, Binders, Hay Tedders, Rakes and Presses, and all kinds of Farm Machinery. 1817-23 Winter St. SUPERIOR. . • - WISCONSIN It’s Easy to Dress Well As easy to as not to. Just step into our store and look at the new arrivals in SUMMER SUITS and very shortly you will hit upon the very suit that becomes you best. Your selection will cost you from $12.50 to $22.50 including the best clothes in America. Floan Leveroos Superior St. Paul Duluth irpertar ©e cfjcrs (Ha!leg t iKiirarg -...BM.DAN hill , Universe, of wittu,,,