University of Toronto Schools - Twig Yearbook (Toronto, Ontario Canada)

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THE WIC them to attack and solve entirely new prob- lems in architecture. To this day, Roman roads, bridges, ampitheatres, arches and temples exist, wherever the eagle of Eternal Rome flew. All through Europe are rem- nants of Roman architecture. Some of the most famous architectural masterpieces are attributed to Rome, and shall ever be memorials to the days when Rome was mis- tress of the world. About the year 900, fierce tribes of pirates from the north ravaged the coast of France, and Charles, the simple king of France, yielded to them a tract of land around the mouth of the river Seine. Here they settled, and soon became one of the most civilized of European peoples. These Normans developed a style of architecture derived from the Romanesque, but differing greatly from this inasmuch as it was very fond of geometrical forms, such as zig-zags, general crudeness in the carving of figures, and daring originality in constructional ideas. It may be identified by the use of the rounded arch, thick walls with small windows, and gigantic round pillars. Dur- ham cathedral, in part, is an example of Norman work. Many of the older abbeys also show strong Norman influence. Gothic architecture is a term used vari- ously, but in general it is that type which de- veloped from the Romanesque and became general in Europe, about the middle of the thirteenth' century. It grew out of the desire to construct simply and beautifully, churches completely vaulted in stone, with ribbed vaults, nave clerestory windows, and having the minimum of wall surface, so as to leave large areas for stained glass. Sainte Chapelle, in Paris, built during the years IZ46-l248, reveals the main object of Gothic architec- ture. One may usually recognize Gothic architecture by the following characteristics: l. The use of decorated ribbed vaults. 2. Pointed arches. 3. The subdivision of windows by means of tracery. 4. Use of decorated flying buttresses and gables. 5. General tendency toward naturalism in wood carving. 6. The frequent use of vertical rather than horizontal lines in window tracery. Although Gothic architecture originated in churches, it soon spread to barns and the hall of the manor lord, and even to indus- trial buildings to some extent. Examples of Gothic ecclesiastical architecture in England are the cathedrals of York, Salisbury, and Canterbury, while on the continent there are those of Rouen, Laon, Cologne, and Amiens. For such a type of architecture, men strove in the middle ages, and the fruits of their labour are monuments to their name and skill. Thus we see the steady progress there has been toward beauty and endurance in archi- tecture. Great architects have come and departed from this world, but the results of their labours, linger on as a memorial to by- gone ages. ln elder days of art, Builders wrought with greatest care, Each minute and unseen part, For the gods see everywhere. fi!-. Nz, ---QL? --W -- - -iff- W. e,T1'erf'5'2- n.Q..An:v. .a .-.

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THE T WIG be explored by man. It was thus that John Westerby died upon the planet of Mars, and the people of earth never heard about the most marvellous voyage ever undertaken in the world's history. The local newspapers ran a small article relating how John Westerby, son of the wealthy R. M. Westerby, disappeared in an attempted trip in a new type of aeroplane. l-low narrow- minded were those people, and yet we can- not blame them. Man will not believe the seemingly impossible. The professor's if came true in one sense, but failed in another. A voyage into space had been made by man, and yet man would never know that this fantastic trip had really been accomplished. As It Was in the Beginning T. E. HETHRINC-TON Hercules hacked at the Hydra. Severed each horrible head: Vain his persistence to end its existence For two sprouted up in their stead. After the storm of destruction has ceased, On a thousand fields, since Time began, Nations have striven to fetter the beast: Treaty of statesman, petition ot priest All unavailing! lts terror, increased, Shrivels the Race of Man. Yvhat does it profit us that we discern An atom's power or an orbit's wane, Harness the elements, each in its turng Conquer disease and its product, the germ? Mockeries, these! Are we never to learn?- War has escaped again. Born out of greed and engendered in pride: What shall destroy this monstrous art? Never the fear of its terrible tide, Never the crosses in rows side by side, Only the creed of a Man who once died,-- Only a change of heart. Architecture BILL BOTHWELL OW often do we, in the midst of this modern world, commit ourselves to the study of great men and their legacies to succeeding generations! Architects of all ages have left to us great works which are everlasting memorials to their skill. All the great civilizations have left us examples of their architectural genius, and it is ours to appreciate their priceless bequests. The architecture of ancient Egypt is a primary contribution to world architecture. The methods of construction were so essen- tially simple and the materials so imperish- able, that its present good condition is unique among architectural relics. Standing alone on a windswept stretch of desert sand, where for centuries the hot Egyptian sun has beaten down upon them. and the blue moon of the Egyptian night has smiled upon their ancient walls, are the pyramids of Ghizeh. These for the most part are tombs of the kings of the fourth dynasty, and have braved the ravages of time. to link us with the ancient land of the Pharaohs. To the Greeks fell the role of inventing the grammar of conventional forms, on which all subsequent European architecture is based. The materials at their disposal, such as wood, stone, and mud-clay, induced them to introduce a more delicate form of architecture than was found in Egypt or Mesopotamia. Masterpieces such as the Erechtheum and Parthenon are now in ruins, but are yet famous the world overg but eventually the Greeks yielded to a greater power-that of Rome. Like the rest of Roman civilization, Roman architecture is a manifestation of the essentially direct and practical Roman mind. It strove not for massive beauty, but only for enduring service. Roman builders were the first to use concrete, which gave them an almost imperishable material that could be moulded into a homogeneous mass exerting no thrust when set, and this enahlecl

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