University of Toronto Schools - Twig Yearbook (Toronto, Ontario Canada)

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THE T WIG be explored by man. It was thus that John Westerby died upon the planet of Mars, and the people of earth never heard about the most marvellous voyage ever undertaken in the world's history. The local newspapers ran a small article relating how John Westerby, son of the wealthy R. M. Westerby, disappeared in an attempted trip in a new type of aeroplane. l-low narrow- minded were those people, and yet we can- not blame them. Man will not believe the seemingly impossible. The professor's if came true in one sense, but failed in another. A voyage into space had been made by man, and yet man would never know that this fantastic trip had really been accomplished. As It Was in the Beginning T. E. HETHRINC-TON Hercules hacked at the Hydra. Severed each horrible head: Vain his persistence to end its existence For two sprouted up in their stead. After the storm of destruction has ceased, On a thousand fields, since Time began, Nations have striven to fetter the beast: Treaty of statesman, petition ot priest All unavailing! lts terror, increased, Shrivels the Race of Man. Yvhat does it profit us that we discern An atom's power or an orbit's wane, Harness the elements, each in its turng Conquer disease and its product, the germ? Mockeries, these! Are we never to learn?- War has escaped again. Born out of greed and engendered in pride: What shall destroy this monstrous art? Never the fear of its terrible tide, Never the crosses in rows side by side, Only the creed of a Man who once died,-- Only a change of heart. Architecture BILL BOTHWELL OW often do we, in the midst of this modern world, commit ourselves to the study of great men and their legacies to succeeding generations! Architects of all ages have left to us great works which are everlasting memorials to their skill. All the great civilizations have left us examples of their architectural genius, and it is ours to appreciate their priceless bequests. The architecture of ancient Egypt is a primary contribution to world architecture. The methods of construction were so essen- tially simple and the materials so imperish- able, that its present good condition is unique among architectural relics. Standing alone on a windswept stretch of desert sand, where for centuries the hot Egyptian sun has beaten down upon them. and the blue moon of the Egyptian night has smiled upon their ancient walls, are the pyramids of Ghizeh. These for the most part are tombs of the kings of the fourth dynasty, and have braved the ravages of time. to link us with the ancient land of the Pharaohs. To the Greeks fell the role of inventing the grammar of conventional forms, on which all subsequent European architecture is based. The materials at their disposal, such as wood, stone, and mud-clay, induced them to introduce a more delicate form of architecture than was found in Egypt or Mesopotamia. Masterpieces such as the Erechtheum and Parthenon are now in ruins, but are yet famous the world overg but eventually the Greeks yielded to a greater power-that of Rome. Like the rest of Roman civilization, Roman architecture is a manifestation of the essentially direct and practical Roman mind. It strove not for massive beauty, but only for enduring service. Roman builders were the first to use concrete, which gave them an almost imperishable material that could be moulded into a homogeneous mass exerting no thrust when set, and this enahlecl

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THE T WIC a terrific pounding noise battered his ear- drums and he suddenly lost consciousness. When he regained his normal senses a glance through the porthole at his left side proved to him that he was out of the earth's atmos- phere. He was so delighted and enthralled by the amazing vista presented on the other side of the portholes that for some time he forgot to shut off his motor. Once inside this vacuum the rocket would continue to travel at exactly the same speed as when it entered, unless, of course, it came in contact with some material substance. Thus there was a useless Waste of the valuable fuel. He was outside the earth, staring down at our world, which resembled a luminous whirling marble against the satiny black void, staring down at the whole Solar Sys- tem, whose lighted spheres swung in their orbits about the blazing yellow-white ball that dwarfed them all by its size and fierce brilliancy. Fascinated, he found himself in the midst of blazing star-clusters, whose myriad suns stared out at him like the jewels of some radiant tiara, with an in- communicable ecstasy he peered into the abysses of vast gaseous nebulae, all cloudy- shaped and mysteriously glowing, passing him at hair-raising nearness. The spell- bound rapture he felt had mounted almost to a delirium, but gradually he began to realize his actual position and surroundings in a more worldly-accepted sense. Terrified, John realized that the rocket fuel was still being exploded in the tubes. He had used a tremendous amount of his precious fuel He could never reach the earth again. He might get to Mars, but he would there be doomed. As the full extent of his plight began to sweep over him, he became a rav- ing maniac, tearing his hair and carrying on in a most inhuman fashion. He was brought back to a more normal appreciation of the situation, when he saw through the front porthole that the little planet of Mars appeared to be rushing at him at a terrifying speed. He fought down the impulse to faint and applied the two reverse rockets with full power in each. By 41 slowly gauging the fuel supplied to these rocket-tubes he stopped the terrific speed at which the ship had been travelling, and made a very successful landing on a rocky plateau. He had reached Mars. ln one week and six days he had travelled thirty-hve million miles. It seemed incred- ible and yet it was true. Yes, it certainly was true. There he was stranded upon ax dead planet, or at least it appeared dead. He decided that there would be no advant- age in remaining in the ship and moaning over his plight, so adjusting his oxygen-suit, he stepped onto the land of Mars. For two exciting weeks he explored the surrounding land, existing upon his fast-diminishing food supply. From what he had seen on his approach and from his numerous explora- tions, he ascertained that a large proportion of the surface was a wide desert interspersed with huge rocky plateaus, similar to the one had come to rest. badly distributed, to the frozen polar on which his rocket-ship The water supply was most of it being confined caps. The astronomer's uvenetian canals were not canals at all, but streaks of white rock crystal. Rainfall was very scanty and practically non-existent over large portions of the planet. The air was very thin and dry and much like that on the highest moun- tains on earth. The weather was constantly cold and John imagined that the winters would probably be about twice as long as the terrestial fthe Martian period of revolu- tion at a mean distance of liiln million miles from the sun is 687 days, although the daily revolution, in twenty-four hours and thirty-seven minutes, and the axial inclina- tion is almost the same as the earth'sJ. Al- though Mars' diameter is only 4,216 miles, John found that the gravity pull was ap-- proximately the same as on our own planet. Considering this fact, he decided that the density must be extremely great, as had been hinted at by the astronomer's spectroscope. Here was proof, but of what good was it? He was doomed. The Solar Universe is C-od's greatest creation, but it was evidently not meant to

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THE WIC them to attack and solve entirely new prob- lems in architecture. To this day, Roman roads, bridges, ampitheatres, arches and temples exist, wherever the eagle of Eternal Rome flew. All through Europe are rem- nants of Roman architecture. Some of the most famous architectural masterpieces are attributed to Rome, and shall ever be memorials to the days when Rome was mis- tress of the world. About the year 900, fierce tribes of pirates from the north ravaged the coast of France, and Charles, the simple king of France, yielded to them a tract of land around the mouth of the river Seine. Here they settled, and soon became one of the most civilized of European peoples. These Normans developed a style of architecture derived from the Romanesque, but differing greatly from this inasmuch as it was very fond of geometrical forms, such as zig-zags, general crudeness in the carving of figures, and daring originality in constructional ideas. It may be identified by the use of the rounded arch, thick walls with small windows, and gigantic round pillars. Dur- ham cathedral, in part, is an example of Norman work. Many of the older abbeys also show strong Norman influence. Gothic architecture is a term used vari- ously, but in general it is that type which de- veloped from the Romanesque and became general in Europe, about the middle of the thirteenth' century. It grew out of the desire to construct simply and beautifully, churches completely vaulted in stone, with ribbed vaults, nave clerestory windows, and having the minimum of wall surface, so as to leave large areas for stained glass. Sainte Chapelle, in Paris, built during the years IZ46-l248, reveals the main object of Gothic architec- ture. One may usually recognize Gothic architecture by the following characteristics: l. The use of decorated ribbed vaults. 2. Pointed arches. 3. The subdivision of windows by means of tracery. 4. Use of decorated flying buttresses and gables. 5. General tendency toward naturalism in wood carving. 6. The frequent use of vertical rather than horizontal lines in window tracery. Although Gothic architecture originated in churches, it soon spread to barns and the hall of the manor lord, and even to indus- trial buildings to some extent. Examples of Gothic ecclesiastical architecture in England are the cathedrals of York, Salisbury, and Canterbury, while on the continent there are those of Rouen, Laon, Cologne, and Amiens. For such a type of architecture, men strove in the middle ages, and the fruits of their labour are monuments to their name and skill. Thus we see the steady progress there has been toward beauty and endurance in archi- tecture. Great architects have come and departed from this world, but the results of their labours, linger on as a memorial to by- gone ages. ln elder days of art, Builders wrought with greatest care, Each minute and unseen part, For the gods see everywhere. fi!-. Nz, ---QL? --W -- - -iff- W. e,T1'erf'5'2- n.Q..An:v. .a .-.