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Page 21 text:
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Page 20 text:
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16 THE REDWOOD tricities never vary from the rule sufficiently to make any notable disturbance. It is now necessary to define two astronomical terms — conjunction and opposition, for a frequent use of them will be indispensable. A conjunction takes place when any two of the eight planets mentioned above are so situated on the same side of the Sun that they and the Sun are all in a straight line, as for example, Saturn, the Earth and the Sun, all situated in a vertical plane and in the order named. An opposition takes place when two of the planets are in a straight line with the sun but on opposite sides of it, as for example, to state them again in the order of their positions, Saturn, the Sun and the Earth. One might think that the phenomena of oppositions and conjunctions ought to be rather regularly recurrent, but this is not true because of the many forces at play among the planets. Observations show that outside of a rough period- icity running through a stretch of eleven or twelve years there is no regularity whatsoever. That the planets exert a relatively great infhience of a magnetic nature upon each other is an established fact, for when a planet is in a favorable position it can and does draw another planet towards it, whenever a conjunc- tion or opposition occurs the combined influence of the two planets taking part in the phenomenon produced a decided effect upon the siin in the form of these gigantic black areas called Sun Spots. This effect is first a field of faculae, which is the cradle of a sun spot and may mature into either a visible sun spot or an invisible sun spot. The observatory at Mount Wilson in South- ern California, working entirely independently of Father Ricard upon sun spot phenomena, has but recently announced that certain areas of the sun have the same characteristic effects as sun spots and has called them Invisible Sun Spots , which has been Father Ricard ' s contention for some time. By means of what physicists call the Zeeman Effect, it has been determ- ined that sun spots possess relatively tremendous magnetic power, and it is held that this power exerts a marked influence upon the terrestrial atmosphere as observed by the barometer ; the earth feels the force of this magnetism only for a period of about three or four days, the fullest effect being during the day that the lines of magnetism emanating from the sun spot are parallel to our line of sight. Since the sun rotates upon its axis at about the rate of once in twenty-seven days, the lines of magnetism from the sun spot move slowly into a direct line with the earth and slowly out of it, and hence there is only a gradual atmospheric change effected rather than an abrupt one. It is upon this atmospheric change caused by sun spots that Father Ricard bases his weather predictions. By means of his theory he is able to predict the changes in barometric pressure and hence can foretell th e weather long before the barometer has reg- istered any change. By mathematical processes, it is possible to calculate years ahead just when a conjunction or opposition will occur and to locate exactly upon the sun ' s surface the position where the sun spot will be formed and the intensity of its influence, and to ascertain how many days, since the sun makes hut one rotation in twenty-seven days, will elapse after the sun spot is formed before it will he in a, position to affect our world. Quite obvi-
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