University of the Pacific School of Dentistry - Chips Yearbook (San Francisco, CA)

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Gods and Goddesses of Health. The prehistoric gods and goddesses of health, of Egypt, resemble closely those of Chaldaea, Babylon, India and other countries. The Egyptians had several series of gods, as indeed did most other nations. Thus we find, according to one series, that Phthah was the creator, Amen or Ammon the father of all the gods, the Revealer, and Osiris, the benefactor of mankind, the great physician. Phthah sprang from the mouth of the divine spirit, Kneph, in the shape of an egg. Sun Gods. The Egyptian sun g'od Amen, Ammon, Re or Ra Q65 may be identified with the Greek god 'Zeus and the Roman god jupiter, the Sanskrit Dyaus, the lilindu llrahma, the Danish Odin or lVoden. Another version has it that Re was the first of all living beings. He arose a naked babe from a lotus flower that floated in the primeval ocean, Nun. Others claim that Re crept from an egg and a third account of the birth of the father of all the gods, refers to him as self procreation. In a Ramesside hymn we read: Three are all the Gods, Ammon, Re and Ptahfi The Memphis triad was composed of Ptah, Sakhmi and Nefertem. The Thebes Trinity consisted of Ammon, the father, Nlillt, the mother and Chons, the son. At Elephantine the father of the gods was lihnum, who, with two wives, Satis and Anukis, completed the Trinity. In upper Egypt the sun god Amen or Ra was chief, but in Lower Egypt, Phthah was supreme. Phthah corresponds to the Greek Hephaestus, the Roman Vulcan, the god of fire- the father of the sun. The earliest doctors reasoned that from Phthah came light. From light came life and from life emanated gods, men, animals and plants. Thothz 'Before the birth of the great physician Osiris, Thoth, the son of the divine spirit Kneph had been created. This great divine healer is often confounded with the Greek Hermes, the Roman Mercury, the messenger of the immortals. Thoth was the god of wisdom and the inventor of art, science, speech and letters. Creation of Osiris The creation of Osiris and Isis, according to Plutarch, was as follows: The early Egyptians had twelve months, of thirty days each, or 360 days in' a year. The parents of the third set of deities were Seb, the earth or Father Time, the Greek Kronos, the Roman Saturn, and Nupte or Nut, the sky or space, the Greek Rhea and Roman Cybele. The great sun-god, Ra, Amen, Ra, Phrah, Tum or Tom, the Helios and Apollo of the Greek, the Indra of India, the llaal- Samen of the Phoenicians, the Shamas of the Assyrians, the '35

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IVIYTI-IS, IVIYSTERIES AND MEDICINE OF ANCIENT EGYPT ' IIE origin of the healing art may be traced through archaeological researches in Egypt, Chaldaea, Babylon, India, China, Greece, Italy and Scandinavia to the divine intervention of gods and goddesses. Prehistoric remains of antiquities, inscriptions, hieroglyphics, temples, pyramids, and mounds with all our accumulated knowledge of the past 10,000 years, indicate that from the earliest dawn of history man in- habited the alluvial valleys of Mesopotamia C15 between the Euphrates and Tigris in Asia Minor. Garden of Eden. XVherever the garden spot of Eden may have been located, whether it was in Syria, near Damascus, in Chaldaea, in Persia, on the banks of the River Nile in Egypt or at the foot of Adam's peak f2j on the Island of Ceylon, we find traces of medicine and medicine gods and goddesses protecting the lives and welfare of our earthly forebears. D Tauranian Lake Dwellers. The antediluvian C35 lake dwellers of Switzerland, the pre- historic inhabitants of the age of stone and the age of bronze in the llritish Isles, the builders of shell mounds of Denmark and India, and the mound builders of the Mississippi valley and other parts of America-all had their divine physicians and protectors. Noah's Flood and Egyptian Civilization. VVe may or we may not accept the tradition of the Noachian inundation with its extermination of mankind and its subsequent regeneration from Shem, Ham and japhet, the sons of Noah the great Mesopotamio-Aravat navigator C4j and the Tauranian races from other sources, nevertheless the cradle of the human race, so far as is known today, was rocked first in Asia Minor, while the cradle of civilization in its remote prehistoric dawn of antiquity, rocked first on the banks of the fertile Nile. Egypt, it is claimed, was peopled by Mizraim, son of Ham KSU, the son of Noah. The father of history, I-Ierodotus, who lived about 500, Ii. C. maintains that Menes the first king and founder of the first dynasty lived 12,500 years B. C. 34

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Aditya of the Vedic, the God Emperor Chinnung of China, was jealous of Seb and Nutpe's pretensions and pronounced a curse upon them, in not permitting them to bear children on any day of the year. This symbolizes the difficulty of the thought of creation. ' The Gods Shake Dice. The divine healer, Thoth or Hermes, the god of wisdom, loved the Goddess Nupte and contrived to help her. Accordingly the goddess of the moon, Pecht, the Greek Artemis, the Roman Diana, was induced to shake dice with the god Thoth for one seventieth part or five nights of her yearly illumination. Thoth won and added these five days to make the year 365 days. This implies the early correction of our calendar. These five days became the birthdays of some of our later health bringing gods. Osiris was born on the first day, when a heavenly voice pro- claimed: The Lord of all things is now born. Horus fthe elderj was born on the second day, Typhon or Seth on the third dayg Isis on the fourth day and Nepthys, the Greek Venus or victory, on the fifth day. According to this, the latest revised revision of Egyptian gods, Osiris and Horus were children of the sun. Isis was the daughter of Thoth or Hermes and Typhon and Nepthys were children of Seb, the god of Time. Osiris the Popular God. Osiris rapidly became a great medical divinity and was tl1e most popular god of ancient Egypt. He married the beautiful Isis and the I-Ioly Trinity became Osiris the c1'eative principle, Horus the mediator, and Typhon CSethj the destroyer. A later, and I think a better version is that Osiris was the Creator, Isis the preserver and Horus the mediator. Death and Reincarnation of Osiris. The wicked god, Typhon or Seth slew the great god-doctor Osiris, who, according to Plutarch, became Serapis, the Pluto or king of the underworld. Even after his death Osiris remained a great physician a11d as Serapis or Osiris-Apis, he became the dream god of medicine of the Egyptians and was worshiped even up to the time of the Christian era, and afterwards, in which respect he resembled the great Aesculapius, son of Apollo, and the Thessalian Virgin, Coronis. Osiris was reincarnated as the sacred black bull Apis, who had magnificent temples built to him in Memphis. For many centuries he was worshiped as a medical divinity in Egypt, Greece and Rome. I Divine Physicians Similar to Aesculapius. Dr. Anubis,- Another divine doctor was Anubis, Anup or Anupu, who was the child of Osiris by Nepthys. the wife of Typhon, the wicked. Anubis is regarded as symbolic of the brightest star. 36