University of the Pacific School of Dentistry - Chips Yearbook (San Francisco, CA)

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IVIYTI-IS, IVIYSTERIES AND MEDICINE OF ANCIENT EGYPT ' IIE origin of the healing art may be traced through archaeological researches in Egypt, Chaldaea, Babylon, India, China, Greece, Italy and Scandinavia to the divine intervention of gods and goddesses. Prehistoric remains of antiquities, inscriptions, hieroglyphics, temples, pyramids, and mounds with all our accumulated knowledge of the past 10,000 years, indicate that from the earliest dawn of history man in- habited the alluvial valleys of Mesopotamia C15 between the Euphrates and Tigris in Asia Minor. Garden of Eden. XVherever the garden spot of Eden may have been located, whether it was in Syria, near Damascus, in Chaldaea, in Persia, on the banks of the River Nile in Egypt or at the foot of Adam's peak f2j on the Island of Ceylon, we find traces of medicine and medicine gods and goddesses protecting the lives and welfare of our earthly forebears. D Tauranian Lake Dwellers. The antediluvian C35 lake dwellers of Switzerland, the pre- historic inhabitants of the age of stone and the age of bronze in the llritish Isles, the builders of shell mounds of Denmark and India, and the mound builders of the Mississippi valley and other parts of America-all had their divine physicians and protectors. Noah's Flood and Egyptian Civilization. VVe may or we may not accept the tradition of the Noachian inundation with its extermination of mankind and its subsequent regeneration from Shem, Ham and japhet, the sons of Noah the great Mesopotamio-Aravat navigator C4j and the Tauranian races from other sources, nevertheless the cradle of the human race, so far as is known today, was rocked first in Asia Minor, while the cradle of civilization in its remote prehistoric dawn of antiquity, rocked first on the banks of the fertile Nile. Egypt, it is claimed, was peopled by Mizraim, son of Ham KSU, the son of Noah. The father of history, I-Ierodotus, who lived about 500, Ii. C. maintains that Menes the first king and founder of the first dynasty lived 12,500 years B. C. 34

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F . A l l v i I i I 1 l l ! l l 1 I I 3 1 F l l l 1 v ! , Miss JESSIE G. mens Perhaps she frowned-when boisterous youth The college's stern decrees o'erlooked, Or laggard idled on the way And hours for study oft forsook. Perhaps she smiled-or gently praised Wlieii steadfast, earnest efforts showed With pleasant word, or kindly nod Oft helped us bear a heavy load. Sweet sympathy for him who tried ' And barely kept the weary paceg Gr pondered, was the far-off prize Sufficient for the hard-won race? So, honored by each class, we send A prayer that she may long be spared. And to this tribute may we add With all our faults, She was our friend. G. C. 33 K., ,14

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Gods and Goddesses of Health. The prehistoric gods and goddesses of health, of Egypt, resemble closely those of Chaldaea, Babylon, India and other countries. The Egyptians had several series of gods, as indeed did most other nations. Thus we find, according to one series, that Phthah was the creator, Amen or Ammon the father of all the gods, the Revealer, and Osiris, the benefactor of mankind, the great physician. Phthah sprang from the mouth of the divine spirit, Kneph, in the shape of an egg. Sun Gods. The Egyptian sun g'od Amen, Ammon, Re or Ra Q65 may be identified with the Greek god 'Zeus and the Roman god jupiter, the Sanskrit Dyaus, the lilindu llrahma, the Danish Odin or lVoden. Another version has it that Re was the first of all living beings. He arose a naked babe from a lotus flower that floated in the primeval ocean, Nun. Others claim that Re crept from an egg and a third account of the birth of the father of all the gods, refers to him as self procreation. In a Ramesside hymn we read: Three are all the Gods, Ammon, Re and Ptahfi The Memphis triad was composed of Ptah, Sakhmi and Nefertem. The Thebes Trinity consisted of Ammon, the father, Nlillt, the mother and Chons, the son. At Elephantine the father of the gods was lihnum, who, with two wives, Satis and Anukis, completed the Trinity. In upper Egypt the sun god Amen or Ra was chief, but in Lower Egypt, Phthah was supreme. Phthah corresponds to the Greek Hephaestus, the Roman Vulcan, the god of fire- the father of the sun. The earliest doctors reasoned that from Phthah came light. From light came life and from life emanated gods, men, animals and plants. Thothz 'Before the birth of the great physician Osiris, Thoth, the son of the divine spirit Kneph had been created. This great divine healer is often confounded with the Greek Hermes, the Roman Mercury, the messenger of the immortals. Thoth was the god of wisdom and the inventor of art, science, speech and letters. Creation of Osiris The creation of Osiris and Isis, according to Plutarch, was as follows: The early Egyptians had twelve months, of thirty days each, or 360 days in' a year. The parents of the third set of deities were Seb, the earth or Father Time, the Greek Kronos, the Roman Saturn, and Nupte or Nut, the sky or space, the Greek Rhea and Roman Cybele. The great sun-god, Ra, Amen, Ra, Phrah, Tum or Tom, the Helios and Apollo of the Greek, the Indra of India, the llaal- Samen of the Phoenicians, the Shamas of the Assyrians, the '35