University of Nebraska Omaha - Tomahawk / Gateway Yearbook (Omaha, NE)

Text from Pages 1 - 252 of the 1971 volume:

STUDENT DEADLINES are an expandable commodity. September slips into October; October becomes Thanksgiving, and soon Christmas and finals arrive. This year there wasn't time for even the passage of time. People were busy living. In this first issue of the Tomahawk magazine, we tried to capture some of these people living. At times we got a little carried away with ourselves and started to live, too. Then we revamped and told ourselves we weren't really students, we were just grown-ups in disguise, and we had a magazine to put out. Now that we've finished, the Tomahawk staff wants to thank you for being so patient, and we hope that the worst thing the delay prompted was to stir up interest. You have probably been wondering why a magazine instead of the traditional yearbook. Perhaps the answer lies in change. We want to incorporate the two — tradition with change. We want to be able to write about what is going on and remember it in a way that is more a part of the real-life world than the fairyland existence of college. Throughout the pages of this issue, we try to spotlight the UNO action people and their activities, to project the mood of the campus and present at least one story of interest to each student. If there is something that bothers you in particular or something that pleases you in particular, we want to hear about it. A Letters to the Editor section will be initiated in the second issue — provided there are some letters to the editor. We hope to get some feedback, some response. If you think a certain group should be featured, let us know who and why. This book is for the students, and wo will do all in our power to interest as many students as possible. So take the magazine; read it, and let us know what you think. We'll be waiting. OMAHAWK WINTER 1970-1971 Editor Julie Salem Photo Editor Zev Hadash Contributing Editors Rich Brown Dave Mack Design Dre Ann Hadash Staff Writers Lyda Banks Kay Brown Tim Connelly John Malone Fred Parsons Steve Priesman Betsy Rezek Mike Rissien Carol Schrader Al Shackelford Staff Photographers Mark Kauffman Mike McBreen Tom Sanne Al Shackelford Dan Skalberg Rudy Smith Jack Sommars John Windier Adviser Doreen Simpson Parking Problems 2 Liberty, Equality and Motherhood? 4 Comfort Comes to Campus 8 Greeks 14 Boots 20 Independents 24 UNO at the Theatre 27 Awaiting Another Roar 30 Storz House 32 UNO Politics - 70 35 And the Band Played On 38 Student Government 40 Letters from the Executive 44 Manpower 46 Numero UNO 49 Money and where to get it 54 SPO Re-groups 55 Students for Hire 59 On the Rebound 60 Quality Education 62 Sex on the Urban College Campus 64 The Nature of Man 66 America, j. C. Penney and Art 70 The Many Moods of Don Benning 73 The Battle of the Bulge 74 Run, Harriers, Run 78 Parking problems? Who's got PARKING PROBLEMS? HE EVENING classes are dismissed and the usually snarled parking lots are asleep in a cold, quiet hush. The day's activities have ended — or have they? Suddenly headlights cut through the dark entrance. A vehicle approaches the west parking concourse. With the land all to himself, the driver picks up speed as he cruises through the lot in search of a 8 x 15-foot parking space. Not letting his 1 2-dollar hunting fee go to Vk'aste, he remembers the old adages first come, first park and the early student catches the parking space. The night hunter has his choice of about 1,800 stalls. Other factors, ho N- ever, must be taken into consideration. Parking under one of the overhead lights is conducive to reading or studying should he choose to do so, but lights also have a drawback (especially if he's lucky enough to obtain a female co-camper. Once in his chosen spot, passing the late night, early morning hours is a prob- lem. Roughing it means no Channel 6 news or Lee Terry editorial, no rasslin' matches or Dick Cavett monologue. But he can be consoled by Gary Kerr and the 10 o'clock WOW radio news, or if he really has a bad case of insomnia, he might spend the night with KOIL's Jay Sullivan. Refreshments for the loner are another problem. It is recommended that he bring his own six-pack and smokes since vend- ing machines are nowhere to be found. Of course, female companionship might help ease the night's discomfort without the aid of such expensive vices. Several hours and many nightmares later, the hush of night is broken by the sounds of traffic on Dodge Street. The premature parker rises and counts his few blessings. A stiff neck and sore body are heaven compared to the hell his fellow classmates are about to undergo. With the sun rising in the east and the light of dawn replacing the light of electricity, he makes his way to the coffee room. He samples the first of the morning's brew. In the vacated coffee room he thinks about the barrage of cars now heading toward the campus. As he walks to his 7:30 class he hears the honking of horns in the parking lots, the slamming of car doors, the sirens passing on Dodge and other noises of general confusion. Entering the classroom, he hears people cursing the parking problem. With the clamor from the lots outside accost- ing his ears, he only shakes his head and mumbles, What's that about a parking problem? There's no parking problem at UNO. B 2 PMKING PEMIT DOES NQf From the first day of registration, students prepare to meet a variety of obstacles. A 12-dollar permit (above, left) is only a hunting license. Perpendicular parking (above) is open only to smaller cars, while some fearless parkers brave ominous signs (below) hoping they won't be towed away. LIBERTY EQUALITY AND MOTHERHOOD? |AYBE IT happened when wives first watched their husbands vote, it probably began before that, when men planned the elections and asked their wives for personal opinions about candidates. Nevertheless, it happened. Women realized they wanted to share this right — the right of being an individual, of sharing an equal right of citizenship, despite the alleged handicap of being a woman. Out of these initial feelings sprang the beginnings of a feminine rights move- ment. This contagious movement began with the suffragettes of the late 19th and early 20th century. It was a long, hard struggle complicated by the fact that a married woman's sole duty was to raise children. Eventually women were not content with volunteer work for social agencies such as the Red Cross and the Salvation Army. They wanted more of a share in world affairs following the war. Demanding to be recognized, the suf- fragettes paraded in the streets in the name of their cause. They eventually succeeded and on August 26, 1920, the 19th Amendment was passed. American women could vote. Today, 50 years later, it is quite common for a woman to maintain both a career and a family. Marriage is no longer a woman's only duty and only occu- pation. Today's equality cry centers around equal pay for equal work. Women liber- ationists use the wage difference as one of their main arguments. These women think they are victims of a male-domin- ated society and lower wages represent male dominance to them. Some of the more radical liberationists believe our whole social structure must be altered to correct the male dominance. The more conservative groups believe social prob- lems can be worked out within the present democratic system by putting women in places of power. Probably the most well known of the liberationists is the National Organization for Women, called NOW, which is said to be the most conservative. It was created in 1966 by a group of professional women, headed by authoress Betty Friedan. NOW claims a membership of about 3,000, with over 35 chapters in the country. Some of its members are men. The local Omaha NOW chapter meets at the First Unitarian Church, twice a month. Dr. Jacqueline St. John, assistant professor of history at UNO, is president of the chapter. Other officers include: vice president, Mrs. Bonnie Schoultz, who heads the Saturday rap groups in the old market's Magic Theatre; secretary. 4 Lois Rood, a former UNO student; and treasurer, Mrs. Lynn Mears, who is con- nected with the Women's Bureau of US Civil Service in Omaha. Right now the group is concentrating on a speai ers' bureau. Two-thirds of the membership have accepted speaking en- gagements. They are sending letters to churches in Omaha and plan to send letters to the schools. Nationally, NOW's goals are to end economic and legal discrimination against women and to encourage women to enter politics. They don't believe in altering society but merely fitting women into positions of power in the existing society. They believe in the democratic reformist ideal of America. Currently their two major issues are repeal of the abortion laws and passage of the Equal Rights Amendment. If passed, it would provide that equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex. NOW also wants increased child care facilities established by law on the same basis as parks, libraries and public schools. Another group, WITCH, or Women's Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell, is the group famous for burning their bras in the 1968 protest against the Miss America Pageant. They claim the female image is being exploited and this image needs to be discarded. Society for Cutting Up Men, or SCUM, has a Manifesto which declares men to be biologically deficient and socially dangerous. They are one of the more radical groups with a reputation for physically assaulting males; pop artist Andy Warhol has been a victim of SCUM in the past. The Feminists, alleged to be the most radical, claim all men are the enemy. Their primary enemy is the male-female r ole system that exists in our society. They think this system always results in female oppression by the male oppressor. The Feminists are down on all the institutions promoted by role playing, and allow only one-third of their mem- bers to be married. They are enthusiastic for a future when births will be extra- uterine, children raised in communes and women free from their oppressed roles. There are other groups with names such as Redstockings, Cell 55, Female Liberation and Radical Women. The names may vary, but most of the groups have the same complaint: women haven't come a long way in the last 50 years since their voting rights were granted. In August of 1970, women marked the anniversary of the 19th Amendment by marching in the streets of New York. Throughout the country women pro- tested in numerous ways. Some wives abstained from sex. Other women refused to work. On the UNO campus, there seems to be very little liberation activity. Here, females still accept the practices of having their cigarettes lit and the doors held open by males. Students claim there are a few female instructors who openly preach women's lib in the classroom, but other than a gradual emersion of female in- structors in pant suits, the visible signs of the movement are few. This casual attitude around UNO does not mean women's lib is dead. As with other activities on this campus, things are non-radical, and the people are non- committal. But the ideas and attitudes of the liberationists are spreading to stu- dents and faculty alike. Assuming more an attitude of the NOW movement rather than the WITCH or SCUM faction, UNO women continue to work through the system. It is not unusual to see female students actively A modern day women's lib poster depicts Mrs. Emmeline Pankhurst being arrested in 1906 in front of Buckingham Palace during a suffrage meeting. The poster is available from the Source Library. Despite liberated attire, this female still enjoys male courtesies. At UNO, females think nothing of having cigarettes lit by male students. On the UNO campus there seems to be very little liberation activity . . . Other than a gradual emersion of female instructors in pant suits, the visible signs of the movement are few. pursuing careers in politics, engineering or business. Today, the female horizons are widening from their former sphere of teaching and motherhood into areas that 10 years ago were strictly in the male domain. UNO sociology professor Dr. Elaine Hess has some logical explanations for the women's lib movement: Discrimination against women on the job market occurs, but it is more subtle, she claims. When women don't readily detect this discrimination, it's harder to pinpoint. Many women accept the discrimination rather than speak out against it. Dr. Hess adds, Women are some women's worst enemy — their worst discriminator - because they don't want to do anything about discrimination. She went on to say that women are taught from childhood to compete for male attention, making the whole thing seem like a merit system. Whoever wins the most attention is the most feminine, according to men. Women are frowned upon for reacting to social conditions, but, she said, Women should have the right to express dissent. The idea of keeping quiet shouldn't apply to women, if not to men. More responsibility seems to be the key to many feminine goals now. Jobs, other than secretarial work, are desired by qualified women. Sue Owen, coordinator for Manpower for Urban Progress on the UNO campus, feels there is discrimination in the job market. If you are a male and meet all the requirements such as grades, edu- cation, etc., then there is no doubt in the employer's mind. But if you're a woman, they give a second and third look at your qualifications, and you must continue to prove your ability day after day. In her own job activity she feels there is no problem with working at a sub- ordinate job. Program Director Mike Adams has a completely different job function from mine. Her only disagreement with the lib movement is that their main attack is directed at male chauvinism. I think it's time to stop the marching in the streets and prove we are capable of doing the job. The liberation movement has been noticed, so now we've got to get to the roots of things and work from there. It is time for women to look to the economic and social aspects of the country. The male illusion, the system recognizes as power, is an ego trip. Miss Owen has worked with laborers of several European countries. She went to Europe to learn about people. In a German camera factory all the manual labor was performed by the women. All the administrative work was done by men, except for some of the 6 secretarial work which was only minor. On the countryside in Yugoslavia, everyone was close to the earth. It was an atmosphere of sharing rather than male dominance. Survival was the thing, with men and women working side by side. Miss Owen thinks, Male dominance in the United States is most readily noticed by the middle classes and upper classes because they have the time to notice it. She feels women's lib isn't accepted by the struggling minorities because they think it takes attention away from their area of struggle. But many times the liberation move- ment has been associated with the plight of black people. Like black people, women claim as great a struggle for voting rights and job equality, but here white Americans, including white women, still have an advantage over blacks. Kathy Pope, former Miss Omaha, now a student at UNO, believes the liberation movement, if successful, would end many opportunities for black men. Currently holding the title of first runner-up in the Miss Bronze Pageant, Miss Pope thinks the liberation movement has too much idealism, and the plans aren't functional in our society. She feels society would have to change before their demands could be met. Miss Pope disagrees with the liber- ationists on their stand against beauty contests. 1 don't see anything wrong with contests because there are many benefits, such as prizes and meeting people. The contests girls enter strictly for beauty would depend on what a girl wants out of a contest; it should be entirely up to her. The liberationists that worry about Playboy's comments are going to have to accept things from a man's point of view, as well as a woman's. They must learn to carry two loads at once, if they are to assume a liberated role, she added. Black women have two counts against them and continue to carry these burdens, one being black and the other being a woman. Miss Pope feels that all black women have this double burden to live with. Shirley Chisholm, the first black woman elected to Congress, overcame these two simultaneously. She has been quoted as saying that discrimination against females hasn't been recognized to the point that discrimination against blacks has. With her present political career, Miss Chisholm projects a brighter future for other females, both black and white. Political power is what some of the conservative lib organizations call con- structively working themselves into power, and the Chisholm success carries a lot of weight in this argument. Cur- rently, 11 women hold US Congressional seats. Looking back over the history of female involvement in politics, UNO stu- dent Kay Brown thinks, Giving women the right to vote didn't have much to do with giving them political influence. They were already politically aware. Women are sometimes their own enemies because they judge other women's abilities according to their own, says Miss Brown. For an example, if a woman decides to run for public office, women will usually vote against her because they judge this woman according to themselves, thinking her incapable of the job. Jealousy often comes into the picture, she added. Women still remain in the background where politics are concerned. Some serve as campaign helpers during political campaigns and elections. They should have the same role as men in politics, says Miss Brown, a member of the Doug- las County Democratic Central Com- mittee. A more active position in politics, such as campaign managers, delegates to state or national conventions and public office holders, are positions that women should seek. Miss Brown believes, The old built-in attitudes are the hardest to shed, not the laws or rules. When women break out of their roles, everyone gets confused. Usually it results in women not being taken seriously. Many times the women's liberation movement isn't taken seriously because women are protesting their feminine roles. Mary Jane Lohmeier, speaker of the UNO Student Senate, thinks feminity is an advantage. A loss of it would mean a loss of male respect. She feels responsibility is the key word to the wage scale. In the past, women have held secretarial jobs, jobs that aren't socially high on the scale. In manual labor and cafeteria jobs, some of the hardest working people don't earn much because they don't have as much responsibility, according to Miss Loh- meier. All women don't want to achieve the goals of the national movement. But, if it's something a woman can't achieve alone, then it should be each woman's own personal commitment to unite with other women for a common goal. The women's liberationists seem to be doing this, she added. Many times Playboy's editor Hugh Hefner has been considered a bad influ- ence on the female image. The magazine has been accused by liberationists of exploiting the female as an object for male pleasures. Resentment is high among liberationists over this alleged image of feminity. Miss Lohmeier thinks Hefner has the right to publish any image he desires, although it could have a psychological effect on men, since some men believe everything they read. And if they do, she added, then it becomes the responsi- bility of women to set them straight. Maybe that's what the current lib move- ment is all about. BY LYDA BANKS 7 For fun and fashion, COMFORT COMES TO CAMPUS 8 GRACE AND elegance are no longer the dictators of fashion. The emphasis this year is on comfort. At UNO students went from cut-offs and mini-skirts to warmer bell-bottoms and maxi-coats. Ponchos were in and so were knapsacks. Blue jeans and short brown suede coats were worn in a uniform- like fashion. Omaha began to reflect national trends in the male double-breasted zoot suits. Flair-bottomed pants are definitely here, and a return to male dandyism is on the upsurge. The no-bra look is apparent but not prevalent, and, weather conditions permitting, Omahans hope to see the new hot pants fad catch on. With Women's Wear Daily setting the midi-skirt trend, male admirers encouraging a mini-skirt continuation and the cold weather making a strong case for the maxi-skirt, women have a choice in clothing today that they have never had before. Still some women are as fashion conscious as they are comfort conscious, and rather than be caught with their skirts up or down (whichever the case may be), they take the easy way out and wear pant suits. Women defend the pant suit as the most comfortable and warmest outfit on the market while men criticize it as being too masculine and figure concealing. But men's wear, too, seems to have become liberated. The doudy grays and blues of only a few years ago have given way to colorful shirts and ties, not to mention pants of varying stripes, patterns and materials. Here women criticize and reject what they call a male intrusion into the strictly feminine domain of flowing fabrics and fabulous colors. Men claim it is their emergence from a drab camou- flage into the gaudy plumage that is the birth right of their sex. The fashion battle goes on. But in 1970 the word is freedom; there are few restrictions on degrees of dress or undress. Students attend operas, movies, classes and bars in clothes ranging from granny dresses to blue jeans, and an enthusiastic John Q. Public says, Yea, we can dig it. ■ 10 11 In the beginning was tine word, and the word was GREEKS Critics of the Greek system at UNO criticize perhaps the most active group on campus. Greel s play a predominant role in student government. Many attend campus social activities, and others involve themselves with campus as well as community programs. In the following interviews with the sorority and fraternity presidents, Greek philosophy, attitudes and activities are discussed. Presidents of the five Greek social sororities interviewed were: Chris Christensen, Gamma Phi Beta; Pam Davis, ZetaTau Alpha; Sally Ganem, Sigma Kappa; Carol Gould, Chi Omega; and Cheryl Rowe, Alpha Xi Delta. Presidents of the seven Greek social fraternities interviewed were: Bill Clark, Tau Kappa Epsilon; Aaron Eairleywine, Sigma Tau Gamma; Rick Eirenberg, Alpha Epsilon Pi; Tom Hawkinson, Lambda Chi Alpha; Rich Kniewel, Pi Kappa Alpha; Bob Pedersen, Sigma Phi Epsilon; and Tim Vail, Theta Chi. SORORITIES Interview by BETSY REZEK Tomahawk: What is the purpose of your sorority? Rowe: I'd say it would be to foster an attitude for good scholarship, sistership and service. Gould: I think it would be friendship and working to a betterment of all humanity. Christensen: Ours is basically philan- thropic. We try to help the people in the community before ourselves. Davis: The promotion of friendship, education and scholarship. Philanthropic projects are also carried out. Ganem: To enhance college life by stressing the intellectual and social to attain a balance between the two. We have Christian foundations, of course. Tomahawk: What has your sorority done in the area of community services? Rowe: We're still in a transition stage. We've been selling candy for the kidney foundation, and each of our pledges is working one hour a week tutoring Indian children. We're going to work with orphans between the holidays. We've taken some children from the Nebraska Children's Home on a picnic with our alums. Gould: For the Honey Sunday in November we had 20 girls going in car pools, and about the same number are going on the cystic fibrosis drive in February. We have about 35-40 really active members who do these things. It's a little better than half. Christensen: We've taken some kids from Encore trick-or-treating this year; 1 0 of our 24 members went. Last year we had a basketball game with the profits for retarded kids. Gamma Phi Beta sponsors a day camp in Canada for retarded and deprived children. Each chapter helps with money or people. Davis: We work with the mentally retarded, which is our national project for this year. We took some orphaned child- ren to Band Day and sold candy for the kidney foundation. About 15-20 people work on these things at a time. Ganem: Every single person is involved in our activities. We each have a Grand- ma and Grampa at the Douglas County Hospital. We visit with them, send them letters through our mailbox and deliver them about twice a week. Several of our girls are involved with Manpower. Tomahawk: How far does the sorority insist on individual comformity? Rowe: As long as she comes to the sorority functions and is a good sister — joins in the activities and works for the sorority — we don't say a thing about conformity. Gould: We do nothing at all about conformity. In fact we like to stress the idea of not being alike. I think con- Sigma Kappas sitting at their table in the Ouampi formity's more prevalent with the guys. You can tell what fraternity a guy is in by the way he dresses. A girl doesn't like to be labeled. Tomahawk: Can sorority members ever be expelled? Rowe: Once a girl has gone active she's always in. The only time a girl would be expelled is for very serious reasons. If she didn't come to meetings, rush or other activities over a long period of time and said she didn't want to be in the sorority, we might expel her. Gould: No, not really. If a girl hasn't paid any dues or gone to any meetings, we'd ask if she didn't want to belong. You can quit anytime, but no incident has arisen where we'd have to expel anyone. Christensen: No. Davis: No, they would be de-activated, in my knowledge, there is no one that Room use a mailbox for sorority correspondence. this has happened to. Drop-outs or those that don't graduate are alum members. An extreme case would have to be approved by our national office, of course. You can always turn in your pin if you find you don't want to belong. Ganem: Nothing like that has ever come up, so I really couldn't say. Tomahawk: Since the Greeks are one of the most well-organized groups on campus, do you feel that perhaps they have too much power? Rowe: I don't really think so. The Greeks are organized but as far as power, like in Student Senate, people run be- cause they want to serve. Gould: I don't think they have too much power. It's just that Greeks tend to belong to more organizations. Greeks really encourage joining and involvement so the larger percentage is the only factor. Christensen: I don't think it's because you're a Greek. Usually Greeks are more interested in organizations or they wouldn't have joined the sorority or fraternity in the first place. Usually the person is more organization-oriented so she joins more organizations. Davis: No, I'd like to see them organ- ize more things. The Greeks are respons- ible for a lot that happens on campus and there are always more things we can do. As far as power goes, we don't have all that much. Ganem: No, not really. Tomahawk: Do you find that teachers ever discriminate against you because you're a Greek? Rowe: Some do, some don't. Per- sonally, I've never had any problem but some of my friends say some teachers do discriminate and don't like you oecause you're a Greek. I don't think it's a major problem though. Gould: Most of them don't know I'm a Greek. But I've never encountered it and neither have many of the other girls. Most of the teachers are pretty fair. Christensen: I don't know how they'd 15 know, unless you wore your pin or they found out by talking to you. I've never encountered it. Davis: No, I've found that teachers will cut down Greeks in passing remarks, b ut I've never had any trouble because I'm a Greek. There's been none so far as I know in our sorority; there may be in some of the others. Ganem: On UNO's campus, no. But some girls from other places, like Boston, said it was really a problem there. Tomahawk: It has often been noted that the Gateway is anti-Greek. Do you feel there is unfair coverage of Greek activities in the Gateway? Rowe: I used to, but I think it's getting better. The current editor claims that if the Greeks do something worth- while it'll be in there. Gould: It's up to each group to get newsworthy items to the Gateway, but after that it's out of our hands. It's up to the staff. If we do anything newsworthy, they'll probably cover it. Christensen: Yes, I do. I don't know why, but it seems the Greeks do a lot; maybe they don't want the recognition. I think the Greeks could be covered more to give the campus a view of what they do. Davis: I do, too. When I was a fresh- man there was a little column about the Greeks. It was just a list of activities, but now it takes a lot to get anything printed. I know Student Senate and some other organizations have had trouble getting things in. I think coverage is inadequate. Sports gets a lot, and that's good; I don't know where their big coverage is now. Possibly more space could be devoted to newsy things of interest to the whole student body. Ganem: Not this year. The editor has been pretty fair. He's put things in about Panhellenic, the candy sales and some of the other things we've had. Tomahawk: What does the sorority do with the dues it collects since there is no Sorority girls race toward a stack of watermelons during the on-campus Watermelon Bust contest. worry about the upkeep of a house? Gould: We save a lot of money hoping for a house some day, and quite a bit goes to pay for bills — paper, stationery, refreshments, phone bills. The doughnuts and cider we provided at Homecoming cost quite a bit, and then a part goes for ourselves for our get-togethers and parties. A percentage will go to the national organization, and there are pledge and initiation fees. Davis: A lot goes to the national chapter. We have a budget which shows how much we can spend on social func- tions. We also put $3 a month into a housing fund in case we ever do get a house. But a real house for actual resi- dence wouldn't come until dorms were built on campus and more out-of-town students were here to use a house. We could use a lodge or combined house — a place to hold meetings that all the soror- ities could use. Ganem: Some goes to a building fund in case we ever do get a house, and, of course, a part goes to the national offices. We have an endowment fund which goes to the American Farm School program and a part goes for the maintenance of the seacoast mission. We have our own money for bills, pledge manuals, flowers and things like that. We have given some money to schools for the mentally re- tarded and to the Indian reservation. Tomahawk: How many pledges do you have this year and how does this compare with previous years? Rowe: We've pledged 24 girls this year; there were 37 or 38 last year. When I started in 1968 we had 40. I think it's because fewer girls are going through rush, and I think it's good. It allows for more individualized attention. Gould: We have 18 pledges now. There were 25 when I pledged. The next year there were 28, and we had 24 last year. Christensen: We have eight pledges this year. We just started last year and now have 24 members. Davis: We have 22 pledges this year, 32 last year, and 37 the year before. We usually pick up more in open rush, too. Ganem: We have 17 this year, 20 last year, and 25 the year before. There were a lot fewer going through rush. Maybe that means something, 1 don't know. Tomahawk: Do you think sororities are on the way out? Rowe: They could easily. It depends on what kind of leadership they get in the next few years. I feel there will be something about a sorority that will always attract girls. It's something to get you active rather than just coming to school and going home. I'm really opti- mistic, but it depends on proper leader- ship. Gould: I don't think so. Rush figures and pledges have gone up. People are looking for a group of people caring about each other. Christensen: I think maybe on the coasts, but it hasn't hit the Midwest yet. At the national conference they talked about it, and the trend was that sororities may have to get more liberal on the coast. Davis: No. But I think values change and what people want change. On a big campus they aren't emphasized as much. Different things have sort of taken their place. Ganem: They're not declining. In fact, we have more belonging, and new chap- ters have been started. ■ 16 Incoming freshmen sign fraternity pledge preference cards to indicate the group of their choice. In an intra-mural exhibition football game, Alpha Epsilon Pi takes the Gateway into overtime. Fraternity members donate blood during a ROTC-sponsored blood drive held each semester at UNO. FRATERNITIES Interview by MIKE RISSIEN Tomahawk: What is your chapter doing to aid social reform on the UNO campus? This includes the topics of class boycotts and Vietnam issues, as well as racism and discrimination. Vail: Every chapter has guidelines, in our national there are blacks. 1 think this speaks well for our chapter locally, too. If you pledge a black and he can't make the pledge program after he is accepted, we are caught in the middle and lose both ways. In Lincoln there is a forced pledg- ing of minority groups, I can't see it here. Hawkinson: We are not interested in tokenism; we are not interested in pledg- ing someone along this line, just so we can say we have someone who is a member of a minority race. We are interested in the content of a person's character, not the color of his skin. Tomahawk: Do you have any blacks in your fraternity? Hawkinson: No, we don't. Tomahawk: Have any blacks come through rush? Hawkinson: Not for the last four years that 1 know of. Kniewel: The Vietnam issue is pri- marily an individual matter, the chapter doesn't have an official stand. We would be naive to think 60 guys are all going to feel the same. As far as the race issue or accepting blacks in our fraternity is con- cerned, our charter provides that any- body who would like to join and who is a male student over 16 years old may pledge. We have pledges who are Jewish and a Hawaiian boy, too. We don't discriminate against anybody. If they would like to join and think they can endure our training program to become a brother, that's up to them to decide. Eirenberg: We don't have any dis- crimination because you don't have to be Jewish to be in the fraternity. In fact it is possible for an Arab to join; there are a 17 couple of Lebanese fellas on campus we have invited to visit the fraternity. Tomahawk: Have you received any response from them as yet? Eirenberg: The invitation was ex- tended a couple of weeks ago and as yet we have had no reply. On the national policy scope, our fraternity doesn't take an official stand on anything, but we do have our own opinions. For instance, even in the Mid-East situation we all have our own views and beliefs. Eairleywine: We don't have any dis- crimination clauses in our national con- stitution or local by-laws. When we rush, we try to pick out good men, and we talk to individuals who are blacks because we think they are good men. On the other question, I doubt if the chapter will ever take an official stand on any issue. We have a very wide range of political views, and we think that's good. We feel diversity promotes growth. We want everybody in the fraternity to be an individual, we feel if an issue is worth boycotting classes for or organizing a demonstration against, that's fine. Those involved can come to the chapter and solicit help, but the chapter itself will take no official action. Tomahawk: As a president of a Greek organization, how far would you go before taking action if a member became a hippie type or indulged in the use of marijuana? Eairleywine: The chapter has so far taken the position that it is important to stay in good standing. We don't want to do anything that is contrary to the law that we can be called on the carpet for. We don't want to be raided and caught with minors in possession, or with pot or pills. We have been more lenient with the liquor aspect because the police are. We have had the police drop in on occasion and had no problem. What the member does outside the chapter is his business. We just don't want him doing anything that will endanger the chapter. We're not too concerned about everyday dress. All we ask is that for an occasion he dress appropriately. We don't have any hippie types, even though some fellows have longer hair, but we're not condemning that. Eirenberg: Pot is our main concern. As long as he smokes it on his own personal time it's not our business. But if he does it at a chapter function he would be asked to leave. If he refused and caused trouble we would have to take action either as a fraternity or as citizens. Clark: We have no dress code. The national constitution leaves it up to the individual chapter. However, we do dress in a sport shirt and slacks once a week, as opposed to jeans. Drugs are against our national constitution, too, and we would take action against the user. Tomahawk: What specific action would be taken? Clark: We would pull his pin. Hawkinson: We don't condone break- ing the law, and smoking pot is. But until a person has violated others' rights, he can do what he wishes. Vail: There is always social pressure. If a guy does this, the brothers become concerned and talk with him to see what his problems are. It really isn't a problem of dress you are looking for, it's what's inside; that's what makes him a brother — not his appearance. Kniewel: You go down to the Ouampi Room right now and you will see some of our guys dressed just like they belong to a hippie group. The only restriction we put on them is the use of drugs — that is absolutely not condoned. Once you be- come a brother you can go to functions naked as far as we are concerned, we have no dress code. Tomahawk: Do you think Greeks are too powerful? Pedersen: The only power we have is that we are the only group involved in things. If an independant wanted to run for something and get involved, he would. Non-Greeks have made inroads into government and SPO, and I think they should. It's their school as well as ours. Hawkinson: I don't think Greeks should be condemned because of involve- ment and participation in activities which elevate to a position of power. Tomahawk: Are they condemned? And by whom? Hawkinson: It is possible for someone to put them down. 1 don't think that the Greeks are all-powerful the way they used to be. When i was a freshman there was only one non-Greek in the student government. Therefore, whatever con- demnation exists results from that time. Vail: I think in some ways they have dominated things they shouldn't, like the government system. But that's because they are more oriented to school than independents. By nature the Greek insti- tution is select; not everyone can be a Greek. In any system people are different and what makes them different is organi- zation. Hawkinson: In our case I wouldn't say we have any better people. Our fraternity is a voluntary organization, and we want to associate with others of like intelli- gence on campus. Vail: A Greek by the fact that he is a Greek is above average in total involve- ment in the university. Usually on a college campus the Greek grade average is above the independents, also, according to some statistical literature I have read. Tomahawk: Can you quote the source of your information? Vail: It was either our pledge book or a magazine somewhere. Pedersen: Opportunity is here for organizations to take advantage of group study periods in which students in trouble can seek help from those in the fraternity who have had the course and are in a position to help. Clark: I don't think Greeks are too powerful. I think we do control most of the student senate offices, but nobody 18 Fraternity and sorority members participate in else really cares. That's not our fault. Eirenberg: I think powerful is the wrong word. In our society whether right or wrong the majority rules and has the right to change anything. Maybe Greeks are more organized, that's why we appear more powerful and are able to get things, done. Kniewel: The Greeks represent above five percent of the total student body. Anytime you have five percent which gets power or is able to elect any men to any position, I think it's a credit to them for being able to organize and to work together for a common goal. Tomahawk: Do you feel professors grade down because of Greek affiliation? Hawkinson: I don't think so. The faculty doesn't have any bias in grading. My grades are based on my performance and the expectations of my professors of what they wanted me to learn. Pedersen: I don't think so either. Take myself as an example. A student told me not to take a certain course because the professor didn't like Greeks. He told me not to wear my pin or jacket to class. I did anyway and got an A, so it didn't make any difference in spite of this. campus activities. Traditionally Greeks have Eirenberg: I doubt in a class of 250, unless you are a figurehead, if the pro- fessor knows who's Greek and who isn't. In a class of 25, if he does discriminate he is a poor teacher. Clark: Yes, I have seen low grades because of Greek affiliation, but not too much of it at UNO. I do know it exists on other campuses. To be on the safe side when I go to classes I don't wear my fraternity pin, just to be safe, because I know it happens. Tomahawk: Can you mention specific instances where it has happened on UNO campus? Clark: Ah, no. Tomahawk: In the past few years national trends indicate the Greek system is declining on college and university campuses. In view of this, UNO boasts a new colony. Can you explain this? Hawkinson: First, this is one person's view of the situation. I think the true picture is decrease in Greek involvement in activities on large campuses and the strengthening in the small college campuses nationwide. By the same com- parison you could say church member- ship has decreased in the past years, but a higher voter turn-out for all campus elections. because of that you can't say God is dead. The basic underlying precept of the fraternity system and Greeks in general is valid today and will be valid in the future. We are now encountering a change in the fabric of society, and this is represented by membership in fraternities being down in certain areas. Kniewel: You have radicals who want to tear down the system and the estab- lishment, and they are aiming it at the Greeks. Look at the men in Congress, one-third of them are Greeks. The presi- dents of Coca-Cola and General Motors are Greeks. 1 think the extreme radicals are out to get the establishment, and they hit hard where most of these leaders come from. Tomahawk: Are you familiar with any attacks on Greeks per se? Kniewel: Not off-hand. Clark: Our national probably has the largest expansion of chapters there is. Right now in Nebraska alone we have three colonies of affiliates, at JFK, Hiram Scott and Midland College. In the last two years we have installed 35 chapters. Now if this is decline, I don't know where it is happening. ■ 19 From military assignment to academic refinement . . BOOTS BEING STEREOTYPED as a curve- breaking, grade-happy, profession- al student is nothing new to him. Oftentimes he's looked on as a foreign element by his civilian classmates. They see him as being degree- oriented, at the top of the grading curve and a dominant element in every class. To some he's a military-minded, professional student who always sits in the front row, spends his weekends studying and carries a portable library in his attache case. But in reality, he doesn't tote a loaded M-l, enjoy the agony of battle or de- liberately set out to put the civilian student down. He's a person over 21 re-entering the academic atmosphere and he's determined to earn a college degree. Under several varying programs, 801 military students now attend UNO. For the sa ke of simplicity, the College of Continuing Studies classifies them all as bootstrappers. The title is given to military personnel pursuing a college de- gree at a later age — to someone pulling himself up by his bootstraps. There is something about a boot the civilian student can readily identify. Eager and quiet, some would say shy, he may not contribute to campus activities, but he often makes his presence felt in classroom discussions. He has a career, has traveled the 48 contiguous states and gone the foreign route, too. He has a uniform at home in the closet, and is employed by the military, but that's of only nominal importance now. He's in marketing, accounting, psy- chology, political science, history and law enforcement. He's a determined student aggressively progressing along the final route toward a college degree. He's con- sidered special. He's a bootstrapper. He carries 15-18 hours a semester to his civilian classmates' 12-15. He spends his out-of-class hours in the library. He spends weekends at home with his family rather than twist and shout with the Marquee Review at the fall prom. According to Franklin J. Russell, Jr., director of UNO military programs, boots are very determined academically because they must complete their degree in a specified amount of time — from six months to two years. Asked about the attrition rate in the bootstrap program, Russell tabbed the percentage of boots successfully completing their academic pursuits as very good. He added, how- ever, there is no 100 percent guarantee, and a small number flunk. Russell said a serviceman is disgraced if he goes back to his military peers without a diploma, because he was given leave to obtain one. College of Continuing Studies (CCS) Dean William T. Utiey sees improved student response to the bootstrap pro- gram. With the exception of a few persons, I have the feeling that there is a much more favorable attitude toward bootstrappers today than in the past. He cited bootstrap involvement in campus activities as evidence. With bootstrappers currently on the Student Senate and others making contributions to student publications and university committees, Utiey feels perhaps boots are making a stronger effort to be identified Vk'ith the totality of the student body. UtIey cited a changeover of leadership at the Pen and Sword Society and the younger age of incoming bootstrappers as being possible reasons. He also noted more and more boots are coming to UNO for two years rather than six months and this gives them time to mix and mingle. They are constantly establishing more rapport with the regular student body, he added. George G. Thompson, assistant dean of CCS, said business is the undisputed area of major concentration for the boots currently attending UNO classes. Law enforcement and correction, history, political science and psychology follow in descending order. Urban studies, philoso- phy and music harbor only one boot- strapper each this semester. The entire concept of the bootstrap program has changed over the last two years. Originally the program was a six- month degree program, Russell ex- plained. Active-duty military students are re- quired to take at least 15 hours, and a man on the six-month program must take 18 hours of upper division classroom work a semester. We try to watch this very closely, said Russell, while ad- mitting some get by with 13 hours. We are trying to give them a sound, basic and quality education, he added. Electives taken by boots must be at the upper division 300-400 level. Russell said he tries to dissuade boots from taking courses such as driver's education and first aid which fall into the upper category. Boots are professional stu- dents, and we expect them to attempt more academically challenging courses, he explained. About three-fourths of the CCS stu- dents graduating with the Bachelor of General Studies (BGS) degree are boot- strappers. Russell emphasized that this degree is not exclusively for boot- strappers as is generally rumored. Any adult can qualify for the BGS degree, he said. Qualifications for the degree include: missing a regular opportunity to go to college, leaving home and being self- supporting, or having made a significant contribution on your own. Determin- ation of a person's qualifications to pur- sue the BGS degree is left to the dis- cretion of CCS, Russell said. Once a boot qualifies for the BGS program, he can receive credit for pre- vious training or education. The granting of credit for military work, service and academic work is described as a hell of a fruitful concept by Thompson. Enlisted men enrolling under the bootstrap pro- gram get 12 hours credit for military service. This includes 4 hours physical education and 8 hours lower division ROTC credit. Does the military service training equal that taught in physical education and ROTC classes at UNO? I'm not trying to tell you they get the same thing, Thompson said, but basically the training is similar. The commissioned officer entering CCS is given 30 hours credit for his military experience. He gets the same 12 hours credit as the enlisted man, that is, advanced ROTC credit totalling 12 hours, 3 hours of military leadership and exer- cise of command credit and 3 hours of speech credit. It takes a minimum of three to six months to become an officer, and it's a program that makes the under- graduate college program look like a picnic, Thompson said. To qualify for his 30 hours an active duty serviceman must have seen duty for a minimum of one year. Military Programs Director Russell said, One of the basic parts of our degree program is to give lower-level Boots spend many hours studying in the library. These two students ponder over notes from class. 21 Student Senator Jim Anderson (left) exemplifies the increased campus participation of bootstrappers. credit by examination. This is done largely witii the assistance of the College Level Exam Program (CLEP) tests. The CLEP tests are administered at UNO to civilians, but bootstrappers must take them while serving in the military before coming to school. Tests administered at UNO are graded by the university; CLEP tests administered by the military are scored by the service at Madison, Wise. Russell claimed both scoring methods are equally difficult. CLEP tests contain both objective and essay questions, according to CCS offi- cials. Tests are scored on a percentile basis with each participating school deter- mining the guidelines of a passing grade. Results indicate how the student scored as compared to selected college freshmen or sophomores. Some schools require a student seeking to test out of courses to equal the scores on a sophomore level. Other schools require only a score equalling the proficiency of a freshman. UNO falls into the latter category. Another method used to judge the student's proficiency is the American Council on Education manual. It equivo- cates certain military and correspondence courses with civilian courses. The manual currently used by CCS is the 1968 revised edition of the original guidebook of the 1950s. It is impossible for a student to get credit for a military course not listed in the guidebook, and this is often the case with courses offered by the Air Force Non-Commissioned Officers Academy, added Russell. The average service school can offer a student a potential of 100 hours, ac- cording to Thompson, but only 65 of these will be good at UNO. We chose the 65 that will fit best into his program, Thompson said. Most of the credits are awarded via elementary CLEP tests in areas such as social studies, humanities and natural sciences. Some bootstrappers reportedly receive academic credit now for military-oriented courses taken over 25 years ago. A Nebraska native who enrolled at UNO this fall as a bootstrapper says he received several hours of credit for navigation and meteorology courses he took in the mili- tary in 1942. I don't think we're giving any credit out of line, said Russell, especially in the granting of credit for military experiences. it is possible for a boot to apply for admission into the university military program with up to 200 hours, of which only 65 will be usable. Some credit may be too easily given, and sometimes not enough credit may be given, said Rus- sell. Most boots, however, do not quali- fy for the maximum of 65 hours; some have just 30 hours. Thompson sees the granting of credit as a recognition of experience people have acquired outside the classroom and the conversion of this experience into degree credit. He said this idea is pre- dicated upon the central concept of a degree being an indication of what an individual knows. He praised the American Council on Education (ACE) for recognizing the value of military training. According to CCS officials, the BGS degree requires the successful completion of 125 semester hours of credit. At least 30 of the 125 credits must be earned in courses at the junior-senior level. A mini- mum of 24 of the last 30 hours must be earned in residence at UNO. At least 9 of these credits must be from upper division courses in the primary area of concentra- tion. An average grade of C or above must be earned in all courses taken at UNO. How does Dean Utley justify the granting of academic credit for military service? Philosophically, I believe the important thing in an individual is his intellectual growth and development which is measured by what he knows and not by the process by which he acquired it. It's not how you acquire knowledge but that you have it that's important. He added he is sure many people in the field of continuing education believe this. Utley, former political science de- partment chairman, emphasized that CCS doesn't have any real mechanics for determining how many credits will be granted. All granting of credit is based on the recommendations of the ACE. The caliber of people who make up the ACE are just as concerned about quality work as our faculty and administration, Utley said. We are on just as solid ground as there is anywhere. Granting credit is not an arbitrary thing. 22 Over the years the expansion of the bootstrap program has paralleled and contributed to the growth of the Omaha campus. The early 1950s were growing years for the University of Omaha, yet they were also years of a financial squeeze. An increased expansion program had just seen the completion of the campus' second building, a $750,000 fieldhouse. This structure netted the uni- versity a long-sought detachment of the Air Force ROTC program. The financial situation did not im- prove as was expected, and with a new library and two wings of the Applied Arts building on the planning table, the uni- versity was still within the grips of a financial plague. Being a municipal institution, the uni- versity could not borrow or, for that matter, go into debt. Although under- graduate enrollment was surging, many upper division classes were being held for just a handful of juniors and seniors, and the university realized it was not breaking even on such neglected course offerings. The 1952-53 school year saw the beginning of a new program which would bring money into the university and the Omaha community as well. Five special students came to Omaha to attend OU that year. They were on assignment from the military. Omaha was their post. They brought the first of thousands of dollars of federal money into Omaha and the university. They also brought diversi- fied military and travel experiences to the sheltered campus atop the Dodge Street hill. They filled the cold, vacant seats in many of the classrooms . This handful of special students de- veloped into a clan of significant number. During the mid-1960s there were over 1,000 of these special students on campus. By 1965 OU had become a melting pot for military men seeking degrees. In the late 1960s Omaha Uni- versity became the University of Nebras- ka at Omaha and was tabbed as housing the largest military degree program in the UNO's intramural bootstrapper soccer team, the Patriots, practice game technique in the pep bowl. nation. Since 1953 over 8,000 boot- strappers have graduated from OU-UNO. The creation and subsequent in- corporation of the Pen and Sword Society helped cement the foundations of the military degree program at OU. Through this organization, educational, social and professional services are of- fered to military students. Similar to the boot program, but not a part of it, are the UNO courses offered for personnel at Offutt Air Force Base southeast of Omaha. The program was initiated in 1950 and serves to eliminate transportation problems for airmen. Classes meet two nights a week on an eight-week basis. About 500 students, both beginning and advanced, who can't become boots because of active duty assignments or because they have too few credit hours, are currently taking courses at Offutt. Instruction is provided by both full and part-time UNO faculty. Due to overload restrictions on UNO faculty members, however, most of the instructors at Offutt during the fall and spring semes- ters are hired on a part-time basis. Some full-time UNO faculty members teach Offutt courses during the summer. Extra faculty are sometimes needed and the hiring is done by CCS, subject to the approval of the appropriate dean. A master's degree requirement is adhered to in hiring faculty, according to Russell. Although most of the Offutt students are considered non-residents by the uni- versity, they do not pay the customary $28 non-resident tuition. They pay what Russell terms a contract price of $24 an hour because university classroom and custodial services are not used. Enroll- ment at Offutt is up 53 per cent since 1966 and up 10 per cent over last year. Russell said he expects the Offutt pro- gram to continue to experience a slow growth, adding, We don't offer courses that will lose money. By RICHARD BROWN 23 Freedom to succeed or fail in their own way — that's the Declaration of INDEPENDENTS THE FASHIONABLY dressed stu- dent, a year or two either side of 20, who wears a gold pin over his heart, is a Greek. A bootstrapper is a 35-year-old man with close- cropped hair, who carries a black or brown briefcase in his left hand. These two categories account for approximately 1,500 of the UNO student body and for lack of a more descriptive term, anyone who doesn't fit one of these two molds is called an Independent. There are few generalizations that can be made about the 10,500 students who are lumped into the all-encompassing title of independent. Their name suggests they owe their allegiance to no special organi- zation and are without identifiable characteristics. Their age is hard to pin- point. Their dress is as varied as their hair length. But there must be something that can be said about this largest group of UNO students. There must be some vague, hazy way of describing this campus majority. They usually hail from Nebraska or Iowa, particularly the Omaha-Council Bluffs area. More often than not, they live at home either with parents or spouse. Their main concern is getting a sheepskin, and more than likely they are paying their own way through school by working part-time. Beyond this skeletal outline, few other generalizations are possib le. Anything else to be said about the independent must be said about an individual, not the group. Jon Kilpatrick exemplifies the non- involved independent. The Omaha senior admits he is going to college just to get a degree. It will enable me to get more money for basically the same work I'm doing now, he explains. Kilpatrick is enrolled in the College of Continuing Studies and will earn a Bachelor of General Studies with a political science major. He blames his lack of campus involvement on the fact that he is married and must spend his free time at work or with his wife, rather than at school. I don't have time to join organizations and go to ball games. Despite his own lack of involvement, Kilpatrick has some very definite ideas about student activism. He feels student demonstrations, marches and the like are both valid and justified. According to Kilpatrick, Protest is probably the most valid thing in this country. Another typically un-involved student is Mrs. Stella Huggins. She was involved in dorm government when she was single and attending the university in Lincoln, but marriage ended her participation in extra-curricular activities. She admits she is not ambitious enough to stay on campus when she knows she can get home quickly and blames much of the UNO student non- involvement on the commuter campus atmosphere, if I were living on a campus that had student housing, I would probably be involved in something im- mediate to me, such as improving housing for married students, Mrs. Huggins says. If Kilpatrick and Mrs. Huggins at- tribute their non-involement to the home responsibilities that go with being married, Mrs. John L. Mitchell has an even better reason, five children. Mrs. Mitchell, who is working toward a masters degree in social work, has been going to school off and on for four years. She has been limiting her credit load to three to six hours a semester, but plans to carry more hours when the children get into school. She doesn't let school inter- fere with her family activities, but says, I don't plan anything with the family around exam time. All of this concern with academiaand home life might seem a little dishearten- ing to some. It is a question of higher priorities rather than apathy that keeps the Kilpatricks, Huggins and Mitchells away from campus involvement, but there are many independents who do have the time and who do participate. Wellington Batth is a junior, majoring in sociology. He first attended the uni- versity in 1963, then returned after a two year stint in the service. Batth's extra- curricular energies are directed to the black student organization. He points out that in 1963, the black pride movement was just starting at OU, and there was no organization. He says things have definite- ly changed over the past seven years. Black people are getting themselves to- gether, and in the past two years we've formed an organization for blacks. 24 Another exception to the independent non-involvement trend is their increasing prominence in student government. Up until a few years ago, the class officers were almost always Greeks, and the Student Senate was predominantly com- posed of fraternity and sorority members. For the past two years, the student body president has been an independent, and the Senate has maintained an almost equal balance of independents, Greeks and bootstrappers. One of the students who helped lead the way toward independent partici- pation in student government was Mari- lyn Russo. Miss Russo has managed to maintain a high grade point average, pay her way through school with a part-time job and be very involved in both on- and off-campus activities of a wide variety. Her involvement at UNO began in her sophomore year when Miss Russo was active in Angel Flight, Young Democrats and Chi Omega's. In her junior year, she became involved in student government and gradually dropped out of everything else, in order to devote all her spare time to the Student Senate. Miss Russo attended the National Stu- dent Association Congress the past two years. I became very concerned with what was going on in the nation, world and community and decided to get in- volved at the community level because of the congresses, she says. This community involvement caused Miss Russo to give up student govern- ment. She now works with Project Nancy Mitchell (right) studies with fellow student Betsy Rezek before a political science class. With five inquisitive children, Mrs. Mitchell has few uninterrupted daytime study sessions. Off to a late afternoon class, Mrs. Mitchell gets a fond farewell from one of her daughters. 25 Wellington Batth, an independent, says black stu- dents try to help one another through school. Night student Ronald Hall figures it will take him about 10 years to earn a business degree. Chance, an agency for mentally retarded and emotionally disturbed children of low income families. Miss Russo feels the national trend is toward more independent participation and less Greek affiliation. Most move- ments started on campuses today are started by independent students, often outside of any formal structure. Straddling the borderline between Greek and independent is Miss Terese Hudgins. A member of an off-campus sorority, Delta Sigma Theta, Miss Hudgins says she considers herself an independent since her sorority does not have campus recognition. Miss Hudgins serves on the steering committee of the black student organi- zation and was formerly a candi date for Homecoming Queen. She sees the dying out of the Greek tradition as the reason for increased activity on the part of independent students. It used to be that black students didn't even vote, Miss Hudgins says, because we didn't have anything to vote for. But proportionately there are more black students on campus now, and we feel more secure and are willing to run for office. Not all of the independents can be written off as involved or non-involved. There is a third type of independent. He's the part-time student who works full-time during the day and goes to school nights in order to pick up his degree. Ronald Hall is such a student. He has been attending night school at UNO for the past four years and has accumulated 37 credit hours. Hall figures it will take him six more years to graduate. He is seeking a degree in business administra- tion, but since many of the required business courses are not offered at night, he will probably end up with a Bachelor of General Studies degree, with a strong emphasis on business. Hall, Miss Hudgins, Miss Russo, Batth, Mrs. Mitchell, Mrs. Huggins and Kil- patrick all have their own life style, their own time schedules and their own prob- lems. Some of them, however, feel that to be an independent necessitates coping with a few common problems. Kilpatrick spoke of the disadvantage independents are at in playing the game as they compete with Greeks and bootstrappers whose organizations keep test files. He says the game starts during counseling when the word gets around on each instructor. You find the easy in- structors and work them into your schedule, says Kilpatrick. He also feels that assignments are seldom an individual effort for group members since you can get the same grade by using someone else's work. But this doesn't mean Greeks and boots are the only ones to use this method. To suggest I get through strictly on academic prowess is false. I only wish I could play the game better, he adds. Batth and Miss Hudgins spoke of the similar problems facing black students — the problems of bucking the organiza- tions and of trying to solidify an organi- zation of their own to help each other through school. Miss Russo conceded that the Greek organization tends to lessen the academic burden, but she feels that in exchange for this relief one must sacrifice a certain amount of freedom. Basically, the independent attitude re- flects one of freedom of movement, change and choice. Despite the ad- vantages of organization, independents choose to be free from weekly meetings and any other complications arising from involvement in the other two organized factions on campus. Perhaps this is be- cause of their varied interests, person- alities, ambitions or even motivations. Perhaps this is because they share no common bond with other members of their peer groups other than the amorphous label of Independent. By KAY BROWN 26 Performers rehearse a play scene in the Magic Theatre, one of several Omaha theatre locations that permit and encourage student try-outs for parts. UNO AT THE THEATRE UNIVERSITY theatre goers can choose from a wide variety of offerings from the Omaha area. Dick Walters' Attractions sponsors many Broadway and off-Broadway shows brought to Omaha by traveling road companies. Drama and light comedy are presented by local residents and stu- dents of both Creighton and UNO in the Magic Theatre in the old market. The Omaha Playhouse and Council Bluffs' Chanticleer Theatre not only present fine productions but also offer an excellent opportunity for student participation. New attractions to Omaha this year are the Westroads Dinner Theatre and the Sweetness and Light troupe in the market. At UNO this fall students and faculty presented William Inge's Come Back, Little Sheba. Directed by speech instructor Robert Moore, the perform- ance was held in the Studio Theatre, a new addition to room 207 of the ad- ministration building. The most contemporary of the semester's three major productions was Sergeant Musgrave's Dance, by British playwright John Arden. Although written in the 20th century, the play takes part in the latter half of the 19th century and centers around a soldier's ironic and violent retaliation against the violence of war. Although somewhat lengthy, the performance was executed skillfully. Record attendances marked this fall's University Theatre production, A Mid- summer Night's Dream. Audiences were enchanted with the double-purpose set, the exquisite costuming and the overall quality of acting. in one of the settings, what appeared to be a woodland scene consisting of a waterfall, rock formation and hanging University Theatre performers practice for one of the summer productions, A Cry of Players. 27 Oberon, King of the Fairies (Jacl Eggert), argues with Titania the Fairy Queen (Madeleine Fallon). In this scene, staging, costumes and lighting draw the audience into a supernatural fairy world. I; Theseus and Hippolyta, played by David Carson In the epilogue, Rita Paskowitz as Puck addresses Peter Quince, portrayed by sophonDore James and Alison Strain, gaze contentedly at the moon. the audience with wonderment and disbelief. Fitzpatrick, introduces the play within the play. 28 moss was in reality a conglomeration of chicken wire, muslin, rubber hosing, wood, carpet patches and several layers of paint. The lighting, combined with other scenic elements, created a fantasy world far removed from daily reality. The stage itself was extended out into about the fourth row of audience seats. This additional 16 feet made it possible for the forest set to remain hidden by a multi-colored scrim until the third scene. At this point, the major action shifted from Athens (located on the apron of the stage) to the fairy-inhabited glen (located behind the muslin curtain). Costuming began at the start of the fall semester and continued up until the actual play performance. All of the out- fits, with the exception of the player's, were created by the crew giving attention to Elizabethan, Athenian and fantasy garb. Particularly difficult with a Shake- spearean production is the level of com- prehension. Apparently, voice inflection and articulation presented little problem to the veteran UNO actors. Their final product was easily understood and heard throughout the performance. UNO speech and drama instructor Fred Vesper directed the production re- ferred to by many as one of the uni- versity's best. Says Vesper of his handling of the production, One has to treat Shakespeare as an ordinary mortal. Keeping this thought in mind. Vesper, together with the actors and stage crew, obviously proceeded to re-create an im- mortal work as best as was mortally possible. ■ Thisbe (Steve Wheeldon) whispers to her lover Pyramus (Dick Johnson) through the chinic in the Wall (Bob Chenoweth) while other players observe. Dean of Academic Affairs Dr. William Gaines Director of Black Studies Melvin Wade Dean of College of Arts and Sciences Dr. John Blackwell Regents' Commission AWAITING ANOTHER ROAR LIKE A lion that roars twice, the Regents' Commission on the Urban University was front page news at its inception in June and again in Sep- I tember, when its report was made public. The report itself has lain like a lamb until recently, when a steering committee was formed for its imple- mentation. The interval between the release of the report and the formulation of the steering committee has allowed time for some of the key participants on the commission to reflect on the report's significance and answer some of the criticism directed at the report. The purpose of the Regents' Com- mission was to examine the role of UNO as an urban university in the decade of the 1970s. The commission was made up of more than 140 Nebraska residents under the chairmanship of Willis Strauss, president of Northern Natural Gas, and the consultation of Dr. Kenneth Roose, vice-president of the American Council of Education. Their examination resulted in 20 recommendations which are designed to guide the university through the 70s. From the beginning there was op- position to the commission's objective. There were those who hesitated to open the university's doors to such thorough public scrutiny. The very suggestion that the university's mission needed reviewing was a concern to many. But Dr. George Heather, dean of the College of Business Administration feels, Any institution in a position where change can be rapid and extreme needs to take a periodic look at itself. The report has pointed a direction for the university to provide and create services for the community, which it might not otherwise have thought of. iVIany who agreed with the commis- sion's objective questioned the validity of having the 140-plus persons from all parts and professions of Nebraska doing the scrutinizing. To them, if the university was to be looked at, it should be looked at by the university community. UNO students, faculty and administrators were adequately represented on the commis- sion, but it was also composed of city government officials, state legislators, re- gents, representatives of business, agri- culture and commerce, as well as Omaha minority group representatives. Dr. William Gaines, dean of Academic Affairs, believes, The composition of the commission was very healthy. The in- clusion of persons outside the university gave the report a tremendous perspective. It didn't include just Omaha, but people all over the state, and this is important because the university is here to serve the entire state. The commission's member- ship afforded an opportunity for input from all professional climates and seemingly had a good balance. State-wide participation on the com- mission and the heavy news media cover- age at the outset led to speculation that the true function of the Regents' Com- mission was one of public relations. Dr. John Blackwell, dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, dismisses public re- lations as one of the main objectives of the commission. He insists, The Regents' Commission was not put on as a publicity stunt. One of the by-products of the commission was good public relations, but this wasn't considered a major func- tion of the commission. Probably the greatest criticism was 30 directed toward the report and the 20 recommendations it resulted in. Critics saw the recommendations as too loosely drawn and not well defined. In addition, priorities were not outlined in the report; none of the recommendations was given any more weight than the others. Gradu- ate College Dean Elton Carter approved of the loose structuring of the commis- sion's recommendations. Dean Carter says, It was beneficial to learn what people throughout the community and state feel the university should be doing, and what they feel the university's strength and weaknesses are. However, they were in no position to tell the university what to do in detail. We would have been foolish had we let the Regents' Commission commit the university to a political position where specific recom- mendations had to be precisely imple- mented within a certain time period. It is our job to assign priorities and to decide how we will deal with the 20 recom- mendations. Dean Carter partially explains why there was no provision for implemen- tation in the Regents' Commission report, another area of heavy criticism. Funding was not discussed in the report, nor was there any mandate that the report ever be Dean of Graduate College Dr. Elton Carter implemented. Dr. Paul Kennedy, dean of the College of Education, sees no danger that the report will not be implemented. He is confident that certain aspects of the report will be implemented in the very near future, while others might take quite some time. The newly formed steering committee adds weight to Kennedy's comments. Funding of the report is still to be determined, both how much and by whom. UNO President Kirk Naylor feels, If we really let our imaginations run wild, the funding of the Regents' Com- mission report could break the state of Nebraska, since there is no limit on how far we can go with the report. Naylor foresees a supplementary budget request or a readjustment of the present request as a means of funding the report. We will probably ask for around one million dollars to initiate implementation. Chancellor Durward Varner agrees on a first-year figure of one million dollars for implementation, but says, The funds will probably have to come from within our present budget askings. Varner also feels, Some of the recommendations could easily lend themselves to private funding, foundation grants and assistance from the federal government. Dean of College of Education Dr. Paul Kennedy The Board of Regents has tentatively agreed to finance the report by borrowing from funds requested for other programs in the university's budget proposal. The regents appear to be leaning toward an initial $338,000 figure. Before funding, the steering com- mittee will have to decide how the recommendations are to be implemented. The Regents' Commission outlined the broad dimensions of an urban university of the 70s; it will be up to the steering committee to draw up the blueprints and do the general contracting for such a university. Director of Black Studies Melvin Wade, one of the steering com- mittee members, describes the task facing the steering committee as taking a clear, long look at each of the recommenda- tions and what each one encompasses. Then we will have to establish priorities and choose the most effective means of implementing the recommendations. So while the work of the Regents' Commission is over, the fruits of their report are yet to be realized. It will be difficult to determine how successfully the report is implemented. Perhaps the best way of evaluating the Regents' Commission report will be to take a clear, long look at UNO in 1980. ■ Dean of College of Bus. Ad. Dr. George Heather - f Storz House A move in the right direction [HEN HORACE Greeley advised Americans to go west during the 1800s, land was plentiful and there for the asking. But today when every square inch of land is someone's property, it becomes nearly impossible to expand a mid-town campus in any direction. Westward expansion for the University of Nebraska at Omaha has been a fervent hope of many students, administrators and university supporters for some time. Since becoming a member of the Uni- versity of Nebraska system, the university has increased its enrollment substantially, parking has become exceedingly scarce; classroom space has become significantly strained, and overall tensions have mount- ed considerably. The early August purchase of the Adolf Storz property at 6625 Dodge gave visible proof that promised expansion would become a reality. University Presi- dent Kirk E. Naylor commented that the Storz purchase finally determined the direction of expansion. Most of the general public and indeed most of the student body seemed pleased with the purchase, especially with the land price at less than one dollar per square foot. Cries contrary to this pleased attitude, however, seemed to stem from residents living nearby those few, fair acres. But Naylor quickly responded to quell their doubts. It is important the community know that UNO will be a good neighbor. We must give careful consideration to what uses we make of the property and what effect those uses will have on our neighbors, he reassured the home owners. The total cost of the prize package amounted to $190,000 paid by the Uni- versity of Nebraska Foundation. UNO will lease the property from the foun- dation with funds financed by revolving accounts of the university, not by general operating funds. Robert L. Raun, president of the NU Regents, cited parking as a major con- sideration in the decision to buy. Three of the six acres will be used for parking with minimal changes. Dr. Rex Engebretson, director of campus development and planning, said because of vast daily turnovers in student parking and the traffic hazards en- countered while entering and leaving Dodge Street, only faculty and staff spaces will be available on the Storz property. The 20-room house, which also in- cludes a basement, will be kept intact for the time being. Partitioning will probably be used in the larger rooms to afford workable office facilities. It will hold 32 several activities wiiich do not immedi- ately involve a large number of on- campus students. Those activities being strongly considered for the relocation are the university radio station, the Center for Urban Affairs and the University Alumni Association. They will be trans- ferred as soon as possible after the uni- versity takes possession. There is also a large garage and greenhouse on the premises. Mr. Paul Borge, director of the UNO radio-television department, stated, We are very pleased at the prospect of mov- ing the radio station to the Storz house as our present working space in the speech annex is inadequate. Dr. John Nye, Center for Urban Affairs director, expressed an indifference about the possibility of moving the center. The house is not centrally air- conditioned; rest-room facilities are scarce, and the house itself seems rather chopped up by hallways. The center was recently moved to the engineering build- ing from annex 10 and Nye feels his staff was comfortable in the engineering quarters. When asked about the projected move for the Alumni Office, Executive Secre- tary Terry Humphrey stated, We have a contract with the university for a certain amount of space, but it doesn't say where. Their present office is located on the second floor of the student center. One disadvantage of moving to the Storz house is that we'll be out of the main- stream of things. But hopefully, he added, this won't be a problem in the near future. Certainly the area seems out of the way, out of the mainstream. But the same people who say this also agree that on any fair-sized campus the buildings aren't always as close as everyone might like and that the distance between the campus proper and the Storz house is simply a sign of the long-awaited ex- pansion. By CAROL SCHRADER University visitors discover intricate woodworic and decorative ceiling patterns in a main floor room of the Storz mansion. Wall paneling conceals a small bar, a storage closet and a family safe. 33 Young Republican President Doug Schumann talks with Second District Congressman John McCollister. UNOandPOLITICS-70 Man is by nature a political animal. -Aristotle TODAY THE Young Democrats and the Young Republicans are the' only politically active organi- zations on campus. Most of the present and past presidents of campus political organizations cite the mobility of the urban student coupled with the lack of dormitories, as the reason for the few existing clubs and their small membership rolls. The YDs had separate campaign headquarters during the '68 elections, said the Young Democrats' president, Jeff Renner. This year we worked at the main Democratic headquarters in down- town Omaha. Renner, a 21 -year-old political science major, said, All of the club members worked individually and Douglas County Democratic Chairman Bill Berryman had a lot of work for us to do. Berryman had all of the club mem- bers spend some time manning phones at headquarters, helping the senior citizens get to the polls if they didn't have transportation and of course we spent some time stuffing envelopes with cam- paign literature, said Renner. Renner said the club didn't make specific preparations for the off-year '70 elections. We usually kept in close con- tact with Berryman and the senior party, however, because they are organized and could put club members into slots that needed to be filled. The Second Congressional race was tight, said Renner, commenting on the race between Republican John Y. McCol- lister and Democrat John Hlavacek for the Omaha area seat. Some of the club members worked hard for Hlavacek and of course were disappointed to see him lose, especially since the race was so close. Also disappointing was the Senate race between incumbent Republican Roman Hruska and former Democratic Governor Frank Morrison, said Renner. Many of the club members felt that Morrison could have won had they worked harder. Reflecting over the purpose of the club, Renner claimed, Joining YDs gives students the opportunity to understand the political system better. I don't think a lot of students know exactly how to participate in the campaign and election process. I believe our club can show them how to become more involved in a meaningful manner. We are bringing speakers to the campus to explain some of the aspects of the American political process, said Renner. This semester the Nebraska President of the Young Demo- crats, Joe Farmer, outlined and explained the political process for members at one of our meetings. He treated subjects from the precinct level to the national level. Renner said that the membership fee for joining the Young Democrats is $1.50 per year. One dollar of the fee remains with the organization and 50 cents goes to the state party for our charter. According to Renner, the Young Democrats are not planning for the 1972 elections as of yet, but are currently centering all of their attention on a drive to boost membership. The YDs have 35 UNO students provided aid and transportation to registered Omaha voters in the November election. never been in the best of shape financial- ly, but we hope to be able to recruit more members, especially with a presidential election coming up. The '72 elections should help since most students show more interest in a presidential race, said Renner. Because of the loose structure of the senior Democratic party in Nebraska, many of the Young Democrats are able to hold senior party positions, according to UNO senior Kay Brown, a member of the YDs and also the 11th ward chairwoman in Douglas County. In Omaha, YDs are sort of a stepping stone to the senior party, said Miss Brown. There are several UNO students, some from Creighton and Bellvue, too, sitting on the Douglas County Central Committee. Denny Jorgensen, also a UNO student, is on the Nebraska State Central Committee. Nebraska provides quite an opportunity for students who are interested in working with politics, added Miss Brown. Not so, with the Republican party, says 20-year-old Doug Schumann, presi- dent of the UNO Young Republicans. The Nebraska State Republican Party is very well-organized, but this means there are few opportunities for the junior Re- publicans to hold senior party positions. Schumann, a junior majoring in politi- cal science, feels that the YRs' main purpose in an election year is to support the candidates running. This year the Young Republicans organization divided up their club members so each student could work for the Republican candidate of his choice, said Schumann. Most club members worked for either the incumbent Governor Norbert Tie- mann or for Congressman-elect, John Y. McCollister, Schumann said. Most of the campaign work by our organization consisted of recruiting cam- paign workers, handing out fliers and distributing bumper stickers, said Schumann. The YRs did most of their campaigning by door-to-door canvassing, he added. Obviously elated over the McCollister defeat of HIavacek, Schumann says he enjoyed this election because he per- sonally worked for John McCollister by covering two precincts that were assigned earlier by the senior Republican party. I supported McCollister, Schumann said, because he represents Nebraska ideas and supports President Nixon's policy on the police action in Vietnam. A lot of students supported McCollister because of his youthful image. He has a great deal of appeal to the college audi- ence, both in ideas and appearance. Fees for joining the Young Re- publicans organization are $2.50. One dollar goes toward our charter and the remaining $1.50 goes toward organi- zational expenses for things such as posters, fliers and postage, said Schu- mann. The group is currently thinking of raising the dues, but at present the annual $2.50 membership fee remains. Working through the system, whether it's through the YDs or the YRs, said Schumann, is one of the best ways for students to achieve meaningful change, although sometimes it can be slow and tedious. He feels the tedium may be one of the reasons students are hesitant to get politically involved. Schumann feels it's difficult to get college students interested in a Young 36 Douglas County 11th ward chairwoman Kay Brown thanks South Dakota Senator George McGovern for his comments at an Omaha fund raising luncheon. Republicans organization. They're usually working for the candidate of their choice anyway, and belonging to a club might just take time away from a job or studies. Most students here confine them- selves to voting anyway. But the interest- ed ones will work in politics whether or not they're in YDs or YRs. Schumann's comment is supported further by the fact that in the last year, three other politically-oriented groups have become extinct on the UNO campus. Nationally, the students for a Demo- cratic Society (SDS) is labeled as a left wing group with the Weatherman as being the most active or violent faction. Locally, the SDS has no leadership and according to former SDS President Bruce Arnold, it just gradually diminished. During the academic year 1968-1969, we were active, but not violent, said Arnold. We usually would distribute organizational material in the student center, but we were always seeking new members. According to Arnold, the largest number of members at any given time was not more than 15. The main purpose of our organi- zation was to make the student at UNO aware of what was going on outside of the university and by that I mean both locally and nationally, said Arnold. A lot of students at this university are ignorant or apathetic about the social ills that plague our country, but the exist- ence of SDS certainly didn't change this. Another non-existant group is the Social Democrats, organized last year by two senior students. Co-founded by Howard Leeson and Jim Bechtel, it got off to a late start in June of 1970. Due to the graduation of Leeson in June, Bechtel said, It lost some of its drive and wasn't revived in the fall of 1970. At that time there were a lot of students who were dissatisfied so we thought we would try to form an organi- zation that they could relate to and one that would strive toward change, added Bechtel. We never really got a chance to outline our organization, and presently there are no plans to activate it. The Young Americans for Freedom (YAF), viewed as a right wing organi- zation, was active until the middle of the spring semester of 1970. Former Presi- dent Dave Sink resigned at that time, and at present there are no plans to revive this organization. All in all, political activism at UNO restr icts itself to student participation in the two-party system. Substantial growth of new organizations is stymied by the loose-knit nature of a commuter campus, and even the rate of membership in the Republican and Democratic organizations on campus depends on the proximity of a presidential election. With a presidential election forth- coming, YR and YD leaders see a student revival of political concern, but in an institution such as UNO, a permanent revival is doubtful. In 1970, as in 1968, and as in 1972 presumably, student politics confines itself to tactics of the silent majority. Students may do a lot of jawing over coffee concerning the issues of the day, but they are unlikely to join clubs, committees or organizations. If anything, students are only willing to register and vote in the elections and this perhaps is the most useful form of political activism. By TIM CONNELLY 37 The chorus sang; the instructors directed, AND THE BAND PLAYED ON THE MONTH of December means music, shopping and joy for many. But to the University of Nebraska music department it simply means music, music and more music. Besides the endless practice sessions and less formal performances, there are three formal public concerts that climax the fall semester's efforts. The University Concert Band was the first to display its talents in concert form. The December 11th presentation opened with a number by the University Brass Choir under the direction of Professor William Pfund. The remainder of the program conducted by Reginald Schive, consisted of two distinct halves. The first contained a delightful array of contrasting melodies. The magestic Overture in B ' by G iovannini proved a Marty Pokorny awaits theConcert Band program. The Chamber Singers, directed by John Bohrer, often represent the university in public concerts. ■fW ' powerful and moving contrast to some less exciting but equally entertaining works. The second portion included selections chosen to fit the Christmas season representing both holiday and religious types. On Sunday evening, December 13th, room 101 of the engineering building became the scene of the Town and Gown Orchestra Concert conducted by Pro- fessor Kermit Peters. The concert con- sisted of four major works paced by the accompaniment of the Omaha Metro- politan Area Youth Orchestra alternately for two of the pieces. The last selection Music for Orches- tra, a contemporary work by Vaclav Nelhybel, was characterized by several high points, numerous tempo changes and a surprise ending which was well-accepted by the audience of about 250. In tra- ditional town and gown fashion, members of the Omaha community joined with UNO students in a challenging show of time and talent. The formal concert for the university choirs on December 16th stood amid their many other performances both on and off campus in an effort to represent the university during the yuletide season. It was composed of three group presenta- tions. The first was that of the Women's Camerata Choir doing Benjamin Britten's A Ceremony of Carols, a seasonal bundle of treats in Old English and varied styles to set the initial mood and tone. A second section by the Chamber Singers was a presentation of the Ramirez Misa Criolla. A Modern Mass with the flavor of Spanish America, it was accom- panied by a four-piece instrumental en- semble. After a short intermission director John Bohrer then presented his third and largest group, the 80-member University Oratorio Chorus. Their per- formance was an extremely diversified and well-ordered program of Christmas selections. The three choral groups, in addition to this concert, ended the week with a university convocation on Friday, December 18th, in the student center ballroom. And so, in music selected to entertain as well as instruct both performer and listener, the music department ended the semester's work in a seasonal tempo, hopefully making December a little bit warmer. ■ An Omaha high school student in the Youth Orchestra practices for Town-Gown Concert. The 80-member Oratorio Chorus presents their Christmas program before a student center audience. The Town and Gown Orchestra Concert, conducted by Kermit Peters, practice for their performance. The UNO pep band tries to concentrate on both director Reginald Shive and the basi :etball game. I 4 STUDENT GOVERNMENT Three branches and a trunk full of problems T LOOKS simple on paper, a three- branch government similar in struc- ture to the Federal system, with areas of jurisdiction outlined in a consti- tution. But UNO student government has yet to function like a well-oiled piece of machinery. There have been problems and criticisms, and there are still prob- lems and criticisms. The concept that students should have a voice in areas that concern them is a relatively new idea. In 1968, UNO stu- dent government was a 16-member council that met occasionally to plan the school's social calen dar. A trend toward student activism and involvement created a need for a channel of communication with the administration, and student government was restructured to fill this need. The response of the student body has been less than enthusiastic. Only between 1 0 and 1 5 per cent of the students vote in elections. Participants in student govern- ment are criticized from within and with- out for their lack of professionalism and competence. Many complain that in al- most two years of existence, student government hasn't accomplished any- thing. Others feel it is powerless and should be disbanded. Part of the problem with student 40 government is its newness. Social directors don't become effective legis- lators overnight. The past two years have been a process of evolution from a social club, to a Senate, to the present three- branch system. There was no precedent on which to base the evolution, since student government was taking a new direction. The goal was clear, dialogue with the administration and participation in university decision making, but the means of reaching the goal were not clear. Student governors hope the current structure will provide the means of implementing the concept of student involvement. Ideally, the system separates powers: an executive branch to admini- strate, a Senate to legislate, and a Student Court to adjudicate. The executive branch, or the Student Administration as it is called in the revised constitution, houses Student Body President Steve Wild and his vice- president, Jim Zadina. Wild has been the main impetus of student government in his 18 months as president, having co- authored the constitution establishing the three-branch system. His office gives him the responsibility for appointments to University Senate Committees and to the Student Court, the power to veto Senate motions and resolutions and the ability to initiate legislation in the form of execu- tive bills. Eight cabinet members serve as liaisons between Wild and the various elements of student activity. Zadina, as student vice-president, assists Wild with his presidential duties and provides executive representation in the Senate. Weekly Thursday night meetings make the Senate the most visible form of student government. The 30-member body, with representatives from every class and college in the university, has the power of introducing and passing legisla- tion, regulating student organizations, confirming executive appointments, allo- cating the Student Activities Budget and overriding an executive veto by a two- thirds vote. The committee structure is employed by the Senate for investigating and initiating legislation. The Student Court was the last branch of student government to become oper- ative. It made its debut this past October in settling a conflict in the election of Homecoming queen. (The executive and legislative branches began operating last spring, after the student body had ap- proved the constitution.) In addition to elections, the five court justices have jurisdiction in conflicts arising under the constitution, under resolutions of the Senate and between or within student organizations. So far there has not been a harmoni- ous adoption of the separated powers philosophy. Particularly evident through- out the early existence of the system has been an antagonism between the execu- tive and legislative branches. The problem centers around what many student senators feel is an over- dominance of the executive branch in student government. Wild has been accused of bureaucracy-building and of failing to cooperate with the Senate. Senator Marilyn Russo, a repre- sentative of the College of Arts and Sciences, feels the creation of a cabinet takes the initiative away from student government and leaves the Senate as little more than a rubber stamp for executive resolutions. She doesn't like Wild's secrecy and underhandedness and is bothered by what she terms the aloof- ness of the executive branch. Carol Schrader, sophomore class representative, accuses Wild of com- pletely usurping the Senate's powers and of being incapable of communicating with senators on an individual basis. Senior class representative Jim Ander- son maintains there has been a severe breach between the two branches. A bureaucracy has been formed; we almost have a dictatorship. Anderson does not think Wild is over-involved in student government, but suggests he is over- awed with his own position. Senators in defense of Wild feel his actions have been precipitated by the Senate's failure to take initiative. As Speaker of the Senate Mary Jane Loh- meier puts it, In some cases he has taken advantage of the Senate's not doing any- thing, but this doesn't preclude the Sen- ate from doing things. Jim Zadina be- lieves the difficulties between the two branches are working themselves out. He sees student government becoming less of a one man show, but initially there was a problem in defining what comes under each person's role. In his own defense. Wild attributes the suggestions of bureaucracy-building to people who don't take the time to understand student government. He con- fesses there might be a bureaucracy on paper but this reflects the time spent on organization and is necessary to make things easier for his successor. Regarding the problems between himself and the Senate, Wild feels the conflict is now almost non-existent. He admits, There was a problem at the start because the branches didn't know what their functions were. Both branches were look- ing for their identity, and since an execu- 41 Newly-elected senators Dan Stockman (left) and Cliff Herd (right) consider a new resolution. tive branch had never existed, there was a problem adjusting to it. if the friction between the branches has in fact subsided, there are other problems which keep student government from being more effective. The Senate is often hampered by failing to raise a quorum for its weekly meetings. To some senators, this reflects a poor quality of the Senate's members. Miss Lohmeier evaluates the Senate's composition as one-third who have initiative and ability, with the other two-thirds not knowing or caring what is going on. Miss Schrader believes many people run for Senate positions because they think it's a popu- larity contest or else they need something to put on their record when they hand Former Liberal Arts Representative Marilyn Rus- so doing committe e work in the Senate office. out fliers for Homecoming queen. Former College of Continuing Studies representative Al Davidson sees a bit of a problem with a few of the senators who are elected to office, but aren't willing to put forth the time and effort the job requires. Others dispute the poor quality theory. Jim Anderson feels, The quality of the present group of senators is excel- lent; you couldn't come up with anything better. He notes that five boot- strappers, five graduate students, two debaters, numerous fraternity and soror- ity members, as well as independents and students involved in a myriad of activi- ties are members of the present Senate. Wild concurs that the quality of the Senate is the highest it's ever been, and predicts the quorum problem will no longer persist now that the requirement has been changed from two-thirds of the senators to a simple majority. The Student Court has not had to cope with quorum problems, but has lacked set procedures from which to operate. Chief Justice Steve Means notes, The legislature has had several months to establish procedures and statutes governing the Court's operation, but has not done so. The Senate's inaction has not stopped the Court from functioning, but, according to Means, has almost forced the Court to assume the double role of providing its own legislative and judicial guidelines. In addition to the internal problems of student government, there are also prob- lems outside of it. Al Davidson thinks student government has been hurt by a biased press. He lists the main objective of student government as uniting the student body. But the only authoritative medium is the Gateway and without more unbiased reporting, students won't be informed and can't be united. Miss Lohmeier calls it pure yellow journalism to make copy. She feels, Somewhere, something is going on in the Gateway office, because all you ever get is a one-sided view. You never hear the good side. Steve Means believes, Generally the Gateway tends to be over-critical, but a lot of the basic criticism has been deserved. A lack of student support has also hurt student government. It is difficult to convince administrators and faculty mem- bers that the three-branch system is repre- sentative of the student body when only a small percentage of students vote in student government elections. Jim Zadina argues, Students who abstain from voting in elections are indirectly showing their approval for what student govern- ment has done for them. Miss Russo feels, Students have to be presented 42 with visible, pinysical proof that student government is doing something, before they can be expected to support it. But the greatest handicap to student government has to be the faculty and administrative machinery that surrounds each student government action. Every major student government resolution must be approved by the University Senate and is then sent to President Naylor for his signature or veto. The University Senate meets on the average of once a month, and when a student issue is brought before it, the issue is usually referred to a committee. The committee investigates the matter and gives a report at the next monthly meeting, if the issue is approved by the University Senate, it can then go on to President Naylor who decides the final outcome. If the com- mittee disapproves or wishes to change any part of the resolution, it must then go back to the Student Senate, and the whole process repeats itself. Steve Wild confirms, To get an issue of any im- portance through the university, it takes a minimum of six months. J. C. Casper, a representative of the University Division, feels this problem could be alleviated if students were given the power to make their own mistakes, which is how he defines democracy. Casper maintains, There is no willingness to change at UNO. The faculty and administration think the university is too much theirs. Presently, Casper feels student government does not really have any power other than to recommend. Wild hopes for some form of unitary government where students, faculty and administrators are merged into one governing body, to remedy the compli- cated process of getting things done and to give students a greater voice in uni- versity decision making. He envisions a decentralized board system, rather than one big happy body. Boards would be set up to administrate, legislate, and Student senators Carol Schrader, J. C. Casper and Jeanine Giller (left to right) exchange ideas. adjudicate in specific areas of campus activity. The boards' actions would be subject only to President Naylor's ap- proval. Currently being considered are a University Adjudicatory Board which would have jurisdiction in all matters concerning university regulations for stu- dents, a Parking Appeals Board, an Intra- mural Board, and a University Athletic Board. Wild is confident boards will be sprouting up on the university through- out the year. The board system would not replace student government; it would merely complement it. Student government would still operate in the area of student affairs, possibly with more authority since the various boards would be handling the more controversial issues. In addition, student government could be- come more involved in student services. Student government is already moving in this direction, with plans for a co-op gas station, student life insurance, draft counseling and a drug symposium. Stu- dent government might also find itself getting involved in national issues as the Vietnam War, racial discrimination and the battle to save the environment. But all of these are long-range pro- grams, and students want visible evidence of what student government is doing for them now. Despite the friction between the branches, problems with student government quality, a biased press, lack of student support and a complex legislative procedure, student government has not been totally inept. Student government now has control of the Student Activities Budget, and last year allocated $259,000 to various stu- dent organizations and activities. Half the members of the Student Center Policy Board (an example of the board system that might be forthcoming) are students, which gives students a strong voice and control over the operations of the student center. Students have served on dean-search committees, and have been instrumental in the selections of Dr. William Gaines, dean of academic affairs, and Barbara Coffey, the assistant dean of student personnel. A Student Housing Program has been established to find living quarters for students who need them. Students serve on University Senate Committees, which allow student par- ticipation in activities ranging from the selection of curriculum to campus planning. Student government has been effec- tive. Not as effective as it could have been, hopefully not as effective as it is going to be. It has afforded students a degree of participation in university decision-making. The objective of student government now is to intensify that degree of participation. By DAVE MACK 43 Letters from the Executive ONE OF the founding principles of the United States is that the people should make the rules which govern them. This same principle should also be applied within the university. Students should make rules which govern them as should faculty make the regulations which they are governed by. When students and faculty are governed by the same rule, then together they should decide on those rules. To perform this role for students, student government has been established. Student government is often wrongly viewed by the administration as a force to negate rules or policies. However, student government is actually established to create a new process — a student process — for the enactment of rules. Decisions which solely affect students should be made by student government. These in- clude regulations concerning activity fees, the student center, student organizations and non-academic discipline. When these decisions are bad then it is the responsi- bility of the students to put pressure on their representatives or elect new repre- sentatives. At no time should administra- tors or faculty interfere with student rights. They should only have the power to recommend. Unfortunately, I must use too many shoulds in explaining what student rights are all about. At the University of Nebras- ka at Omaha, students are still only third-rate citizens (a year ago, it was worse). Now student government mostly recommends policy in student affairs. Fortunately, these recommendations on student affairs are increasingly having fewer and fewer people to go through. The reason for students being in the background of decision-making rests on members of all three areas of the academic community. Administrators are reluctant to let students decide their own affairs because administrators have the power and are reluctant to give it to anyone else. What individual with power isn't? Worse yet, when administrators are willing to delegate powers, public pres- sure often makes this impossible to do. Faculty are reluctant to let students decide their own affairs largely because of their lack of confidence in the ability of students to find their head. Some of those faculty members that do realize the responsibility of students see them as a threat. After all, faculty power exists at UNO too. Finally, students are just as much to blame for their plight as anyone else. Most UNO students are either too lazy or too acquiescent to stand up for their rights. If we all got together we would make our own rules. For too many students it is easier to play cards in the Ouampi Room. But if students had not fought for their rights in early 1970 they couldn't even play cards at all. A proposed method to give students a greater role in university governance is through a unitary government. Although beneficial in theory, if students are not careful, they could end up with even fewer rights. Presently, student govern- ment is the sole recommending body for regulations governing student organi- zations, student activity fees and fund- raising projects. If there is only a unitary government, then these rights will be forfeited. The only fair solution is to have a unitary form of government supple- menting student government under its present identity. Anything less will be the result of either a snow job or a sellout by student leaders. STUDENT BODY PRESIDENT STEVE WILD 44 THE APATHY of this campus is a frequent, almost trite topic of discussion. Perhaps a look at the nature of this phenomenon, what is being done about it, and what needs doing, is in order. Usually the primary cause of apathy is that something seems irrelevant to one's personal life. If we address ourselves to the relevance of student government to the personal lives of students, we can better understand the apathy problem and some possible solutions. Perhaps we'll see why capable students are often re- luctant to get involved, why only a small percentage of students vote in elections and why many just don't care. Obviously, education makes the uni- versity relevant to students. Therefore, their primary need is a stimulating, edu- cational climate. Educational climate STUDENT BODY VICE-PRESIDENT JIM ZADINA covers a broad area, including academic, social and cultural aspects. The role of the student government is to organize and express the best of student opinion on all aspects of their education and to provide a climate con- ducive to optimum education. Let's see how that role is fulfilled at UNO. First, consider the cultural and social aspects of education, or the stu- dent-oriented, extra-curricular activities. For these activities students are taxed a student activities fee; therefore, use of these funds should logically fall under the jurisdiction of student government, com- prised of the elected representatives of those paying the fee. This is the first year that philosophy has been in effect as student government became the sole recommending body to the president for allocation of the student activities fees. This year the student center, which is maintained by student funds, came under jurisdiction of the Student Center Policy Board (an eight-member board, four of whom are students). Use of the student center facilities by organizations is con- trolled by student government through the power of the Senate to recognize organizations. In these roles, student government is increasingly relevant to students. Another role student government can serve is organizing student services. Some of the earliest student governments were started for the specific purpose of organizing services and bargaining col- lectively. The student register, housing, life insurance and record club programs are functioning now. Five-cent Xerox machine costs, charter flights, and whole- sale and group rates on any number of products are strong possibilities for future application. Let's look at academics. A role that student government should increasingly concern itself with is the academic and policy-making aspects of the university. 1 mentioned earlier that the purpose of a student government is to be the organized voice of the best of student opinion on all aspects of their education, and the academics and policies of the university are obviously the most important aspects of their education. Therefore, today's student movement is for good reason a movement toward more voice in univer- sity affairs. The teacher-student situation that makes up the academic community cannot be effective without feedback, without both sides understanding each other's problems. The university failing to listen to how well its educational system is being received is as effective as a blindfolded painter. Both students and faculty are con- cerned with improving the academic aspects of education. It, therefore, seems reasonable that they should get it to- gether. Perhaps a form of unitary government is an answer to this concern. Apathy will end only when students take, and are given more chance to take, an active role in building a community of scholars, rather than passively accepting a collection of isolated human atoms. The university is an agent of change, improve- ment, and building of a better society. Let's start at home. 45 Toward a better world . . . MANPOWER UNO student John Case is a Big Brother. His Little Brother is nine-year-old Rich Beedle. This Saturday the pair went to Memorial Park. STUDENTS HADN'T gone to the volunteer bureau, so the volunteer bureau came to the students. Pro- gram Director Mike Adams uses this rationale for the location of the Manpower for Urban Progress bureau on the UNO campus. The Manpower office, the first of its kind in the country, is funded by a federal grant under Title One of the Higher Education Act. This grant was secured last August by sociology in- structor John Else and John Nye, director of the Center for Urban Affairs. Title One is used for funding university projects for community action. Currently, Manpower is strictly a co- ordinating and expediting agency. We want to avoid duplication, Adams re- lates, but in the event of discovering new approaches, we would probably be- come a social agency. The immediate goals of the Manpower program are to place volunteers in estab- lished social agencies, to discover new ways to use volunteers, to form a creative relationship between UNO and the city of Omaha, and to give students a glimpse of the problems they will face in social work and teaching. There are essentially two phases to Manpower. The first phase deals with community services to the greater Omaha area, while phase two is a buddy system of tutoring on campus. About 150 students have been placed in about 25 local agencies, and the campus tutor- ing is firmly based on campus. in regard to the on-campus tutoring (The Volunteer Colleague Program), pro- gram initiator John Else feels, What we really need is a special services for disadvantaged students program, an in- tensive education program of basic skills in reading, math and communication for minority, low income and physically handicapped students. The Volunteer Colleague Program, though a somewhat watered-down special education program, is a step in the right direction, according to Else. What is needed, said Else, is a program that doesn't sit around and wait for students to come in. The Volunteer Colleague is designed to contact minority students who scored low on the place- ment tests and to explain the tutoring program to them. Student, faculty and community volunteers are recruited to tutor and are paired with a minority student. Joe Johnson, a student tutor in the program, claims that a volunteer should be able to explain the operations and rules of the university as well as inform- ally help the student with his. studies. The Volunteer Colleague, said John- son, is not coming to the student as a teacher; he's coming as a person. Volunteers for other agencies under the Manpower program are recruited in many ways. In addition to releasing fliers, posters, bulletin boards and bookmarkers. Manpower director Adams and co-worker Sue Owen promote Manpower through visits to classrooms and campus groups. One of the most crucial problems, notes Adams, has been initial organi- 46 John and Rich usually get together on Saturday afternoons. Sometimes they stop for hamburgers. zation, but we're now filtering volunteers to the agencies in which they will be compatible and most effective. Manpower has categorized all welfare efforts into eight branches. Tutoring and recreation are the most successfully ful- filled, but the others suffer because of a lack of volunteers. One of the most successful projects has been the Big Brother program. These volunteers are men between the ages of 18 and 42 who form brotherly relation- ships with children who need it. UNO students appear to be responding well to this program. The Big Brothers' distaff counterpart is the Big Sisters of America. On campus,- this program is still in the formulative stages, awaiting more volunteers and fur- ther organization. Much of the Manpower effort is directed toward the areas of recreation and cultural benefits. Students are being recruited to organize athletic programs in all major sports. Currently they are in- volved in aiding the Bryant Center in running its basketball program. in the area of culture, Adams hopes to see the university instrumental in setting up black culture programs for young and old in underprivileged areas. This effort is highly coincidental with President Nixon's Welfare Program which indicates a cultural base as a prime necessity for urban progress. Immediate administrative responsibil- ity for Manpower lies with Adams, pro- gram director, and Sue Owen, program coordinator. The student government's Community Projects Committee gives ideas and suggestions. Manpower, however, is administrative- ly responsible to the Center for Urban Affairs and must fulfill the qualifications specified in the federal grant. The Man- power Office, located in MBSC 301, operates totally on the funds from the grant, with office space provided by student government. Locally, we'd like to see the univer- sity pick up some of the funding, Adams said. In my opinion this would be fully in line with the Regents' Commission report. Adams specifically referred to three recommendations of the report dealing with charges to develop new programs and provide new services focussed upon community problems, to expand the role of the university in the community and to vigorously seek out disadvantaged and minority group stu- dents to expand their educational op- portunities. Perhaps the most successful program undertaken thus far is the Adopt-A- School program. Dr. Eugene Freund's elementary education class took it upon themselves to adopt Kellom School — a Title One area grade school. This involves students devoting extra time to aid teachers at Kellom. The student aide and teacher plan the class arrangement; a great deal of the aide's time is spent working with students in a small group or working in a one-to-one relationship with a slower student. Mrs. Katherine Fletcher, principal of Kellom School, knows from past experi- They plan on fishing and camping when it's warm- er, but right now it's a visit to Elmwood Park. Rich wants to be a policeman when he grows up, but toys in a store window still catch his eye. 47 ence the aides work out very well. She points to two basic purposes which the Adopt-A-School plan serves. First, stu- dents are working directly with children, which provides the UNO student with practical experience early. Secondly, Mrs. Fletcher states, It's important that aspiring teachers discover problems in their field early ... I think one of the reasons we have poor teachers is because they are in school three years, and by the time they practice-teach it's too late to change fields. According to Mrs. Fletcher, the child- ren at Kellom are used to new faces, and the appearance of the student aides is well-received. The students love them, she observed, and the children grow very friendly and open. One of the aides, UNO student Jane Ross, spends each Friday from 1:15 p.m. to 3:05 p.m. at Kellom assisting fourth grade teacher Ewileyne Levison. Miss Ross is assigned to help slower pupils or those who seem to be getting too little attention at home. In the latter case. Miss Ross said, 1 spend a lot of time just visiting with the child. Miss Ross is also doing a study of linguistics and dialects as her individual project for the human growth and learn- ing class at UNO. She records the children as they read from a book. This way, the students get to hear their voices and improve their reading while Miss Ross gets a recording of dialect for her project. Another UNO student, Asenath Webster, saw a bookmarker that Man- power distribute s for publicity and wanted to get involved. Mrs. Webster is now involved eight hours per week at Sacred Heart School as a teacher's aide. I work anywhere in the room. 1 walk around and help anyone who needs it. The classes are all unstructured; the kids work at their own speed on a 'contract' (a two-page assignment and exercise unit) Mrs. Webster occasionally finds some time for extra-curricular activities with her students on Saturday and brings them to her apartment for cookies, hot choco- late, games and a friendly chat. The kids love it, she exclaimed. Most of them come from a culturally-deprived, matriarchal home, and they want to get out occasionally. I'm pressed for time, but it means so much to them. It gives me a sense of well-being. I feel I've added something to their lives. Mrs. Webster, a creative writing stu- Program DirectorMike AdamsandProgramCoordinatorSueOwendiscussManpower operations at UNO. dent at UNO, also helps the children put together a class literary paper composed of the students' writings and cartoon creations. To see their name in print, that's the thing, she said, explaining enthusiasm shown by the children for the paper. One of the problems involved in the volunteer program, according to Mrs. Webster, is that so often people will volunteer and go for a couple of times, and then they don't show up because they lose interest or find it wasn't what they wanted. This is really bad for the kids. They get attached almost immedi- ately and feel really hurt when the person doesn't show up. Manpower director Adams said that many of the volunteers have not been spending as much time with their pro- grams lately as they did when they started, and fewer are coming in to the Manpower office to volunteer due to other time commitments, especially tests. Adams claims one of the biggest time consumers of his job is following up on volunteers. You can spend about three hours a night and only contact three or four people. This makes it difficult to see how well the program is going. Adams is looking forward to next semester with optimism, however, since a number of campus organization members have made future commitments to the program and many of the volunteers currently in the program will be re- turning. Optimism is a common characteristic of the Manpower people and is well expressed in a simple one-page type- written sheet posted on the door of their student center office. The message reads: It seems possible that we are entering into a post-industrial age in which the issue is not how to produce or even distribute goods but how to make the world a decent habitation for mankind. By JOHN MALONE and JIM ZADINA 48 I UNO running back Phil Wise gains a first down in the Homecoming game against Southern Colorado. OUNO AFTER SUFFERING four losses in their first five football games, the Indians were able to put together I a short-lived winning effor t dur- ing the second half of the season. The team, headed by Coach Al Caniglia, saw their hopes for at least a share of the Plains Division title vanish with their defeat at the hands of Pittsburg State. That snapped a three-game win streak that included victories over Southern Colorado, Fort Hays State and Kansas State at Emporia. In the final game of the year, the Indians were only able to salvage a 15-15 tie with Washburn and finished the season with a 4-5-1 mark. Through the entire season one of the most outstanding offensive players for the Indians was running back Phil Wise. For the second year in a row Wise led the team in rushing yardage. Anchoring the defensive unit was interior lineman Mel Washington who averaged a record setting 13.8 tackles per game, improving as the season progressed were freshman corner backs Tex and Willie Bob Johnson. This twin brother duo may well be the in- gredient needed to solidify the defensive secondary for the next three seasons. An interesting fact is that the Grant- In-Aid Program made available to these as well as many other athletes at UNO is far from the traditional football scholar- ship we hear about in some of the bigger universities around the country. But the time and effort devoted to daily practice sessions is basically the same for all college football players. Players with athletic grants get resi- dent tuition paid, $25 per semester for books and one meal a day during pre- season training. With this somewhat un- inviting package it is a wonder that the coaching staff is able to recruit any outstanding high school or junior college athletes. Even more interesting than the lack of financial support is the lack of fan sup- port that one might expect from a school whose total enrollment is more than 13,000. The one exception was the game with Morningside when well over 5,000 people turned out at Rosenblatt Stadium to cheer the Indians to victory. The unusual attendance was due, at least in part, to the effort of the UNO newspaper 49 50 Coach Caniglia: The support the student body has given the team this year has been very good when you consider the restrictions . . . . which was promoting the game as Gate- way Night. Because of this, much publicity on local radio and television stations was also made available. This fact alone was not responsible for the enthusiasm generated by this particu- lar football game. More students had an opportunity to attend this game because it was played at night. While this is not typically an im- portant factor when considering the at- tendance at a college football game, UNO is not a typical university. On this campus the majority of the students are holding down either part-time or full-time jobs, many of which involve Saturday after- noons. This fact is realized by school officials, says Coach Caniglia, but the scheduling of night games on either Fri- day or Saturday rules out the use of the stadium here on campus. The reason for this is, of course, the lack of lighting facilities on the home field. It may not be true that more night games would help increase the average attendance at home games, but it would increase the oppor- tunity at least for many students who are not now able to go on Saturday after- noon. And higher attendance may not necessarily mean fewer losses, but it is an interesting theory. Coach Caniglia is quick to point out, The support the student body has given the team this year has been very good when you consider the restrictions put on them by the campus stadium. Even if we did have lights and could schedule our game at a more convenient time, the seating capacity of our stadium wouldn't be enough to handle even half of the students who are enrolled at this uni- versity. Caniglia suggests the most logical place to expand the seating area would be along the east side of the field. He adds that with an additional section of stands on the side of the hill, it would be possible to increase the capacity of the stadium to over 1 0,000. When discussing improvements to the football stadium, the most immediate concern might very well be the condition of the field itself. It was so bad prior to the fall semester this year that the first two weeks of football practice had to be held at Ak-Sar-Ben, while new grass was being planted on the home field. Not only is the field used for football practice during the fall months of the year, but the marching band also practices on it regularly, and several physical education classes use the field almost daily. It's little wonder that at game time on Saturday the field is not in the best of condition. According to Coach Caniglia the only way to solve the problem of the field is to install some type of artificial turf. With the field being used as much as it is now, the only way it can hold up is if we put in Astro-Turf or some other form of arti- ficial surface. Not only would the field be in top shape all the time, but it wouldn't require the constant maintenance that is needed today. The cost of these improvements to the stadium could be in excess of $500,000. Even a limited knowledge of the priorities on this campus would indicate that uni- versity administrators have little inclin- ation to consider this type of expenditure for football. But with the passage of Amendment 5 to the Nebraska Constitution in this fall's election, it is now possible for the Board of Regents to issue revenue bonds for, among other things, the improvement of athletic facilities. These bonds would not constitute an obligation against state taxes but instead are payable solely from revenue, fees and other payments derived from the facility. With a top quality stadium, it would be possible to rent the stadium to other area teams (high school, professional, etc.), and greatly expand the revenue, fees, and other payments. With the improvements suggested by Coach Caniglia, the football stadium could be- come a source of pride on this campus. ■ Coach Caniglia was hospitalized following a mild heart attack during the Emporia State game. 51 and then there was homecomin THE NOW Generation was the theme of the 1970 Homecoming fes- tivities over which education major Sally Ganem reigned. For awhile it was uncertain if there would be the traditional crowning of the queen. All three candidates allegedly vio- lated campaign rules, and the situation was tossed onto the docket of the newly- created Student Court. Only hours before the scheduled crowning did the campus judicial body rule in favor of Miss Ganem's eligibility. The traditional intramural athletic competition, paint-in, bonfire and coron- ation events were highlighted by two dances with the Bumpy Action, LA Carnival and Buster Browns. The Indian gridders won their Home- coming game by upsetting Southern Colorado, 44-15. ■ Elementary education major Sally Ganem reaps the rewards of this year's controversial election. Livening up half-time proceedings are the spirited Indiannes. Performing with the UNO marching band, this 30-member drill squad adds color and beauty to the Indians' Saturday afterno on games. 53 MONEY and where to get it IOCATING MONEY for college is similar to finding a caramel-pistachio ice cream cone on a scavenger hunt. Once you find the long- ■ sought-for treasure, you still run the risk of having it melt away in your hands. Student aids and grants these days are making themselves scarce, but for the industrious student there are still a few goodies around. During the first 1970-71 semester, over 1,700 UNO students re- ceived $638,000 in financial aids. This money was available in the form of scholarships, grants, loans and college work-study programs. Few freshmen, and few upperclassmen for that matter, know what types of monies exist merely for the asking. A good, on-campus source for this infor- mation is Don Roddy, director of finan- cial aid. His office is located in the administration building room 240. Roddy claims that money for financial aid is tight. We would need about $150,000 more to cover the current demand, he says. About 300 students were refused financial aid for the first semester due to both a lack of funds and lack of student qualifications. Roddy added, Financial aids don't go begging; however, we do have some isolated scholarships that remain unused. For those wishing to familiarize them- selves with existing programs before con- tacting Roddy, another source is the federal document, A Guide to Student Assistance (available from the Superin- tendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402, for 60 cents). This booklet lists each federal program for both graduates and undergraduates. It lists major grants, grants available to students with specific characteristics, graduate fellowship programs and some major non-federal undergraduate aids. It lists where these aids are offered, how to apply, qualifications for applying, descriptions of the programs and student obligations if there are any. Major categories under which almost every student fits (provided he can estab- lish need) are national defense student loans, college work-study programs and educational opportunity grants. UNO participates in all three. Under the national defense student | loan, if a borrower (a student proving financial need) becomes a full-time teacher, 50 per cent of the loan may be cancelled. If the borrower teaches handi- capped children or in a low-income school, 100 per cent of the loan may be cancelled. The educational opportunity grants provide federal money matched by the school to students of exceptional finan- cial need who demonstrate academic and or creative potential. There are no repayments. Information may also be gained on the federal guaranteed student loan program which provides money from private lend- ers with the federal government assuming payment of the interest while the student is in school. Some selected undergraduate programs include: the GI bill; the war orphan education program; the Reserved Officer Training Program (available to selected ROTC students); various Army, Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard programs; nursing scholarships; and nursing loans (available under cancellation terms similar to those provided for teachers under the national student defense loans). Other monies are available through AFL-CIO union scholarships offered by almost every local, organized labor union, through the American Indian youth scholarships fund and through the nation- al achievement scholarship program for outstanding black students, just to men- tion a few. At UNO, these, plus law enforcement grants and loans, university grants and regents' tuition waivers added to band, miscellaneous gift and high school- acquired scholarships aid students each semester. Perhaps a few minutes of in- quiry into aid programs might be worth the time and money. ■ 54 Student Activities Coordinator Rick David (right) d iscusses bookings with SPO committee members. Stop, look, listen SPO RE-GROUPS FF TO a slow start this year, the I Student Programming Organi- zation (SPO) will put its revamped I activity program to test second semester. A spring concert featuring Sly and the- Family Stone or Santana, a jazz festival headlined by Cannonball Adderly or Jimmy Smith, a black symposium gener- ated through Black Studies Coordinator Melvin Wade and at least one lecture by a controversial national figure such as Ralph Nader, Billy Russell or Erich Fromm are on the planning table. Offsetting the jolt felt by SPO after the Ides of March Homecoming concert cancellation are new ideas, better organi- zation and planning. Much of SPO's new image centers around Student Activities Coordinator Rick David. David, who took over part of the responsibilities of former Student Activi- ties Director Fred Ray, is attempting to shape SPO into an organization that will work for all UNO students rather than the interests of only a few factions. 1 noticed a big difference in SPO over the first semester, said David. At first they were very disorganized; they had lots to learn, and their new chairmen and officers were unaware of responsibilities. David said he also sensed differences among members concerning concepts of what SPO should be. Midway through the semester David said he noted a change in the attitudes of SPO members. They became aware that they are representatives of the students; they are trying harder to understand the students and now realize they are agents of the students. Better unification, one body instead of diverse factions, and better inter- committee communication are a couple of the improvements David has seen or hopes to see in the not too distant future. David hopes SPO can progress to a point where they can sponsor a minimum of o ne concert and at least one lecture a semester. This would also include one of each during the summer sessions. Since 1966 UNO has had a multitude of problems in booking groups for dances and concerts. Only appearances by Chad Stuart and Jeremy Clyde, Bobby Vinton, The Grass Roots and Dennis Yost and the Classics IV could be classified as being superstar or nationally oriented. When the Ides of March were negoti- ated early last summer, a secondary liaison was used. Contracts were sent to their agent. Variety Theater, but not returned to SPO. This was overlooked by SPO officers until the first of September when it was found that the group because of their hit single, Vehicle, had upped their price and accepted an engagement in Pennsylvania the night of the Indian Homecoming. In light of the Ides of March cancellation, the backup act scheduled. The Chairman of the Board, was also cancelled by SPO. According to David, groups appearing at UNO have the privilege of breaking their contracts up to 30 days before the concert. He noted, however, that this is less likely to happen if the school negoti- ates through the group's manager rather than a secondary booking organization such as Variety Theater. David says it is. now a matter of policy for him to be the only person dealing with agents. Previous- ly, Ray and several members of SPO had done this. Centralized control in this area 55 The hard-driving sounds of the LA Carnival salvaged the homecoming dance following the Ides of March cancellation. The Omaha-based group frequently appears here and continues to center its attention on the college and night-club circuit. Several members of the group are UNO students as well. should insure against any future over- sights in bool ing Many of the groups doing college concerts are on extended coast-to-coast college tours promoting initial recordings. In 1966 a group called the T-Bones recorded the Alka-Seltzer theme song. They appeared at UNO as well as at several other colleges and experienced one of the year's biggest instrumental hits. That same year a young vocalist from Trinity College, Ian Whitcomb, joined the Standells as a backup act for Chad and Jeremy on a major college tour. Whit- comb's initial release You Turn Me On and the Standell's single Dirty Water both became moderate hits via appear- ances at many colleges including UNO. One group that made it big nationally as well as internationally because of a college following was The Association. They played at UNO in early 1967. Shortly afterwards their initial releases Along Comes Mary and Cherish be- came million-sellers. Early in 1968 the First Edition had their first top-ten hit and made their first college tour which included a stop at UNO. Such was the case about 1 8 months later when the Brooklyn Bridge appeared at UNO. Also in the fall of 1969 another group, The Friends of Distinction, ap- peared at UNO before a disappointing crowd of a few hundred. Why does UNO settle for the new group pushing its initial release or looking for a national following instead of at- tempting to pick from the well-estab- lished entertainment acts? SPO operates on a $63,000-plus yearly budget and, according to SPO President Jim Craven, cannot afford many of the top groups which charge up to $30,000 for a single two-hour performance. Simon and Garfunkel is currently the most expensive college concert act in the na- tion. The Columbia recording duo ask at 56 The Fats and Dave folk duo performed for stu- dents at an SPO-sponsored coffee house last fall. SPO President Jim Craven says UNO cannot af- ford many top groups due to budget limitations. least $30,000 per concert. Crosby, Stills and Nash, The Jackson Five and Three Dog Night play for $25,000 a concert. Other acts such as Judy Collins, the Cowsills and the Young-Holt Unlimited generally perform before college audi- ences at less than $7,500. Earlier UNO was looking toward the Carpenters for a concert this year; how- ever, because of two million-sellers the group tripled its price. One solution to the problem is block- booking and last July UNO joined two outstate colleges in forming the Nebraska Block-Booking Association (NBBA). Ac- cording to Craven, block-booking is a system of contracting whereby several schools make an agreement among them- selves to contract a specific entertainment attraction on or around the same date. Craven lists the rationale for block- booking as being three-fold. First, by offering several booking dates to an enter- tainment attraction, a discount by volume can be achieved. Secondly, travel for entertainers will be minimized due to the proximity of the participating schools and the nearness of the booking dates. Finally, the designated representative of a block-booking organization is in a better position to bargain for entertainment more effectively because he is talking about several performances rather than just one. The NBBA, comprised of UNO, Wayne and Hastings Colleges, is currently in limbo now, says Craven, who admits he doesn't know what the situation is. The SPO president said he doesn't have too much confidence in the future of NBBA. Another suggestion was to form a mutual-cooperation booking agreement with Creighton for one or two major concerts a year to be held in the Civic Auditorium Arena. Creighton University has several concerts a year by well-estab- lished, nationally known acts including Blood, Sweat and Tears, The Sandpipers, and Stevie Wonder. Craven has looked into the possibility of a cooperative agree- ment between UNO and Creighton but he labeled the latter institution as being unresponsive. He also said rental of the Civic Auditorium Arena would cost about $3,000 and expenses, plus 10 per cent of the gate. Currently the hottest idea circulating in the MBSC second floor SPO offices concerns asking students to pay a few dollars admission to a concert by a name group. Students were polled in October concerning this question and favored the idea 5-1. Full-time students have been admitted to most SPO activities in recent years by merely presenting their ID cards. We want very much to make SPO concerts self-sufficient, says David, who thinks an admission charge might be the fairest way to promote student concerts. Student fees shouldn't be used toward a big concert unless the majority of the students want it, he added. By asking students to pay a few dollars toward such a concert, David says he is more con- fident that SPO can bring in a group fitting to the college attitude. Presently SPO spends up to $200 for film rental for one Monday afternoon Ouampi Room movie and up to $6,500 for a Coffee House group. According to Craven, SPO is directing its emphasis toward a move ahead into the now generation. Along these lines a new SPO lectures and national issues committee has been formed. This com- mittee will be planning special activities such as speakouts during moratoriums and earth days. We're not taking sides; we're just attempting to make infor- mation available to the students, Craven said. To involve more students in SPO activities, SPO must make its objectives known to more students, bring in the, concerts and lectures students enjoy most and work closely with interested student groups. Their success in these areas should be determined next semester. 57 . . . and this semester SPO GOT it together this semester with hundreds of students at two coffee houses and a night club. The Fabulous Flippers, a mighty eight-man band from Lawrence, Kans., packed the student center ballroom dur- ing mid-November. They gyrated their soulful, versatile sound throughout the audience with material by Laura Nyro, Burt Bacharach and Hal David, Jim Webb and James Taylor. Aided by the powerful vocals of Dennis Loewen and featuring a profes- sional-sounding brass aggregation in addi- tion to $1,000 in psychedelic lighting, the Flippers offered a driving performance that mixed the sounds and sights of the '50s with the sounds and sights of the '70s. Their closing Friday the 13th per- formance was scheduled to end at mid- night, but for 30 minutes into the next day the audience clamored for more. Student center employees, to the dismay of the audience, attempted to end the show by turning on the houselights. The audience, however, wanted an encore, and protests eventually persuaded the custodial staff to allow the show to proceed. The Ewing Street Times and the Fats and Dave trio slowed the pace down at the two SPO-sponsored coffee houses. Folk music and the country-western flavored songs of the South spliced with Negro spirituals highlighted the per- formances. Small but receptive audiences sipped coffee in a table-lighted setting and meditated with the guitar-banjo flavored sounds. Circumstances were just the opposite Dec. 6 when the Youngbloods made a During December, SPO featured the Youngbloods, a San Francisco-based quartet, in the fall concert. personal appearance at UNO. The audi- ence was large but less than receptive. Nearly 2,500 students slouched on the floor and sat in the stands of the newly- renovated fieldhouse. Many of them were teeny-bopper high schoolers attracted to the concert by publicity on local rock stations; others were college students — some from as far as Wayne and Hastings, Neb. Regardless of who they were, they came to hear the San Francisco quartet, the Youngbloods. A sizable portion of the audience, however, could not appreciate the country-flavor of the group's folk-rock music. Some took advantage of the dimmed lights to sleep. Others began a sporadic parade toward the exits before the concert had reached its midpoint. Those who really grooved on the sounds supplied by the three guitarists and lone drummer were people who were familiar with and understood the Youngblood's music. But even some of their fans were disappointed in the performance. Many attributed this to poor acoustics. Audience cries requesting the group's multi-million selling single, Get To- gether, could be heard. When the group obliged by playing the selection in an unfamiliar tempo the anticipated audi- ence response wasn't there. As the pace of the concert picked up, and the group progressed to heavier sounds, the audience remained unmoved. By an hour into the concert, over one- third of the patrons had left. Although the group played several selections from their latest album, Rock Festival, the performance was less than a festival for the 1,500 who remained in the audience. ■ 58 STUDENTS FOR HIRE Salaries for services STUDENT FEES at UNO are paying the salaries of a few select students who in turn provide the services of student government, student publications, stu- dent housing and student programming. The money comes from the $30 activities fee assessed full-time students each semester and the $15 assessed part-time students. Highest on the gratuity list is Student Housing Director Aaron Eairleywine. Eairleywine receives $2,500 for 12 months of running the Student Housing Program. The job calls for 10 to 20 hours per week of maintaining a housing file and providing housing information to inquiring students. The same duties are performed on a full-time basis during the summer. In addition to his salary, Eairley- wine is allowed $500 per year for the hiring of assistants when the housing traffic is heaviest. Steve Wild will be $2,400 richer after spending 12 months as student body president. Wild held the same office last year for $1,000 but asked that his salary be increased to $2,800 so he could continue the operations of student government during the summer. The Stu- dent Senate trimmed $400 from Wild's request. Wild's responsibilities require him to spend an average of 30 to 35 hours weekly on student government. The salary of the student body vice- president was also hit by inflation this year. Jim Zadina is paid $1,000 for this job, which is $500 more than his prede- cessor. The vice-presidential salary was increased to make the office stronger and allow its occupant to spend more time on student government. The wage is dis- tributed over a nine-month period. The speaker of the Student Senate grosses $750 for 12 months of presiding over the Senate. Mary Jane Lohmeier currently fills this position and is re- sponsible for drawing up agendas and handling Senate communications, as well as conducting the weekly meetings. Student Treasurer Jim Meier earns $500 for nine months of managing stu- dent government funds. Last year's treasurer earned $288, but didn't have to contend with the Student Activities Budget. A $750 figure was sought after the Student Senate gained control of the budget, but the Senate thought $500 was sufficient. The Student Senate secretary's salary has remained at $500 for the past three years. Carol Schraeder spends 10 hours a week on this job, which consists of maintaining the minutes of all Senate meetings. Jim Craven will receive $1,000 for his nine months as president of the Student Programming Organization. SPO operated without a paid officer last year but felt it needed an individual who could put more time into directing the organization. Funds were appropriated to compensate him for his time. Gateway editor Mike Meiches receives $900 for four months of putting out a twice-weekly newspaper. Editors were paid $500 per semester until last Febru- ary when the figure was raised because of the amount of time the job necessitated. Meiches is also allowed six staff editors who receive $400 each per semester. Julie Salem will get $1,500 for serving as editor of the Tomahawk magazine. The Tomahawk editor received $1,000 last year; the salary was raised to make it more equitable to that paid the news- paper editor. Miss Salem's budget calls for an additional $1,000 for assistants. Salaries aren't the only compensation for some of the individuals. Wild, Craven, Meiches and Miss Salem are all afforded faculty parking privileges, since their duties require them to leave campus frequently. The publications editors are also entitled to two hours of academic credit in applied journalism for their services. Student government is seeking more residual benefits for its participants. An attempt is being made to obtain credits in political science for participation in student government. A tentative proposal calls for between one and eight credit hours, depending on the position held in student government. Students holding these positions are generally unable to have outside jobs; salaries and other benefits are a means of compensating them for their time and effort. They are serving students, are paid by students and are responsible to stu- dents for their efforts. ■ 59 The conference championship may still be possible, but only ON THE REBOUND WHAT CAN we ask of basketball coach Bob Hanson? Last year, his first as UNO's head coach, he took a mediocre team and guided them to the champion- ship of the Plains Division of the Rocky Mountain Conference and a 16-10 won- lost record. Hanson was rewarded by being selected 1969-70 NAIA District 11 and Area 3 Coach of the Year. The road to the conference champion- ship has been a little rockier this year. After starting the season with three straight victories. Coach Hanson and his Indians started tailspinning and dropped their first two conference battles. In the outset, Hanson said, It will all come down to how much dedication we get from our ballplayers. The dedication has been there, but the victories have not. Hanson started the season with five returning lettermen and six newcomers. The returnees from the championship effort, Mark Langer, Paul Sieczkowski, Arthur Allen, Jim Scott and Rick Gwalt- ney, have found themselves hard pressed by a surprisingly talented crop of new players. Freshman Henry Berry has had little trouble showing the fans why he was a two-time All-Air Force forward. Merlin Renner, a 6' 10 transfer from Northeast Nebraska Junior College, has given the Indians something they've al- ways had to manage without — height. Dave Ksiazek and Daryl Peterson have successfully made the transition from the junior varsity. Butch Taylor and Bobby Kennedy have provided more than ade- quate reserve strength. Hanson has still been able to count on his veterans, too. Team leadership, or what the coach refers to as directing traffic and keeping control of the guys, has fallen on the shoulders of Mark Langer. Hanson thought the sophomore guard began to direct the team toward Basketball coach Bob Hanson huddles with the team during a time-out at a game in the fieldhouse. the end of last season and has beeri equally as satisfied with Langer's per- formance this year. Paul Sieczkowski has been manning the other position and has proven his versatility as a playmaker, sharpshooter and rebounder. The 6' 4 junior, who leads the team in academic excellence, has also kept his scoring average high gaining second high scoring honors at the Chico State Christmas Tournament. Sporadic efforts by senior forward Arthur Allen have dimmed his chances of removing the Honorable Mention tag from the NAIA All-American honors he gained last year. Mr. Offense re-wrote the record books during the 1969-70 season but can't always find the hoop during this year's campaign. Senior Rick Gwaltney has been sharing the pivot duties with Renner. At 6' 6 , Gwaltney has been a little short under the boards but has compensated with muscle and aggressiveness. Jim Scott has found the forward position more comfortable than the center post he handled last year, but Scott has been bothered by a sore ankle. The combination of veterans and new players has given the team welcome height and good depth. Hanson has a taller, stronger team than he had a year ago and enough reserve strength to rest his starters. Berry's offensive punch has complemented Allen's. Gwaltney and Renner can be interchanged at center without sacrificing any rebounds. Langer and Sieczkowski have been scoring like forwards. What has bothered the Indians so far this season is their lack of consistency. Hanson's cagers have had no problems in piecing together a top 30-minute effort in each outing, but as they found out in Chico, California, the game runs 40 minutes. Two overtime losses and another narrow defeat ruined UNO's first West Coast exposure, and Hanson is still trying to cure the team of its late game let- downs. Students could provide part of the remedy. One of Hanson's main concerns is the support of the student body. He notes, Cheering fans add a great deal to the team's morale and spirit. When the students don't participate, it is hard to get the public interested. A remodeled field house, the tough UNO schedule and the promise of a winning season were able to draw an average of 2,000 fans to the early season games, but attendance has lagged since the Christmas break. So what can we ask of Bob Hanson? Nothing. He has already done more than we have asked. Even if the Indians don't reap the same laurels as last season, the team and the type of exciting basketball they play are attractions in themselves. By FRED PARSONS 61 QUALITY EDUCATION Two views from the top For similar programs offered on both campuses, I would consider the quality of education here as high as it is in Lincoln. — Kirk Nay lor. All available indicators lead me to believe the quality of education at UNO is not as high as it is in Lincoln, but that is not to say that the quality of education at either institution is as high as it should be. —D. B. Varner. TWO CONTRASTING views on the educational excellence offered at UNO as compared to that avail- able in Lincoln. Educational quality is not easily measurable. No yardstick exists, no gauge to tell if one university is superior to another. But if anyone is in a position to assess a university's worth, it would most likely be its administrators. Having been involved in UNO ad- ministration for years, President Kirk Naylor must necessarily sacrifice some of his objectivity in evaluating the school's educational programs. In trying to ascer- tain how UNO compares with other universities, Naylor uses the bootstrap program. Not the bootstrap program per se, but the fact that bootstrappers have attended a great number of universities throughout the country before coming to UNO. Naylor has yet to meet a boot- strapper, who in discussing the quality of education with him, has not said that the instruction they have received in the classrooms at UNO is the highest they have experienced anywhere they have been to school. After a year of overseeing the Uni- versity of Nebraska system, Chancellor Durward B. Varner offers a different perspective. Varner evaluates UNO edu- cational quality on the basis of two criteria: the number of dollars appropri- ated for education per student and the grade of the institution's faculty. Varner observes, In its years as a municipal university and since the merger, the Omaha campus has received an average of $500 per student, per year. The Lincoln campus, over the same period, has re- ceived between $1,000 and $1,100 per student. In addition, Varner feels be- cause of economic reasons, the Omaha campus has been forced to utilize more part-time and lower-degree faculty than the Lincoln campus, and those faculty have had to carry heavier teaching loads. The chancellor wants to correct the disparity which exists between the two campuses. He has made it his objective that the quality of education at UNO will be no less than that of Lincoln, that the salaries of UNO faculty members with similar qualifications as faculty members at Lincoln be no less and that faculty teaching loads at the two universities be equitable. Varner does not see this as something that can come about immedi- ately, but says it must rank with our highest priorities. Regardless of who is giving the most accurate assessment of UNO's educational quality. President Naylor or Chancellor Varner, the future of the university might rest in the hands of the newly elected legislators who allocate funds for the 1971-73 biennium. Many political ob- servers saw the November elections as indicative of a hostile attitude toward spending and education. Governor-elect J. J. Exon has already made known his feelings that the $199.6 million budget 62 UNO President Kirk Naylor (left) confers with University of Nebraska Cliancellor Durward Varner. for the University of Nebraska system is too higli for realistic consideration. Naylor doesn't regard the 1971 legis- lature as hostile, but calls it an economy-minded legislature. He feels the $199.6 million package is a very realistic budget for the university. To persuade others on this point, Naylor is making innumerable speeches, sending publications to a great number of people and making presentations to all repre- sentative groups to inform people on what the budget is asking and to defend its requests. The chancellor has also hit the public relations trail and is making frequent appearances throughout the state in an attempt to generate support for the budget. Varner believes, The fate of the budget will rest largely on the gover- nor's recommendation since it takes 33 legislative votes to override the governor's veto. Advisers have told Varner that the outlook for the budget is not healthy and appropriations will be somewhat less than what is being asked for. If the full $199.6 million budget is not realized, Varner foresees a redistribution of resources throughout the university system. The system can maintain its present educational quality at a cost of $158.7 million, what the chancellor refers to as a standstill budget. Any appropri- ations above the standstill mark will enable the university to upgrade its oper- ations to some degree, but the entire $199.6 million is needed if the university is to progress at the desired tempo. Nor does President Naylor see the $199.6 million budget (or the $29,078,250 allocated for UNO) as a bare-bones necessity for the university to continue operating. But he does feel the proposed budget figure will enable the university to maintain the already exist- ing quality programs and the possible expansion of programs that are deemed to be very desirable. If funds are forthcoming, Varner lists two major priorities for UNO: space and faculty. No one needs to remind the chancellor of the acute parking problems that exist on the Omaha campus. Further- more, Varner realizes there is a tre- mendous need for more classroom and office space and expanded library facili- ties. Varner would also like to see more senior faculty members, more Ph.D.s in UNO classrooms. With construction of the student center addition underway, construction of a new Fine Arts building scheduled to begin at the first of the year and antici- pated ravine parking by next fall, Presi- dent Naylor feels UNO has met its most pressing priorities. However, Naylor be- lieves there is a need for a new building to be dedicated on the UNO campus every year for the next ten years. He lists another classroom-office building, a new library or enlargement of the present library facility, a physical science- geography-geology building, as well as improvements in the heating and cooling plants as the most immediate needs of the university. When the priorities outlined by Varner and Naylor have been dealt with, the quality of education at UNO will no longer be a debatable issue. The two administrators are talking about a uni- versity of the seventies. What UNO is by 1980 will depend largely on how success- ful these administrators are in implement- ing their programs. ■ 63 RECENTLY I read a report in which the author after much research purported to show that the per- centage of college students en- gaging in premarital sex of various sorts hadn't changed much since grand- ma's time. Yet another report supposedly demonstrated that 90 per cent of all college females are non-virgins and nine of the other ten per cent are physically incapable of sexual consummation. Possessing a higher than average interest in the subject of sex and having done much reading in the field {Sexology magazine, Ann Landers, not to mention numerous publications from the Ak-Sar- Ben Book Store), I felt myself qualified to conduct my own research into the subject of sex on the college campus and attempt to clear up this apparent incom- patibility. The more 1 thought about it, the more determined I was to get to the bottom of this sexual thing of the seventies. Was there a new morality acoming? Is sex really running rampant on campus? How fast? Could I catch it? What about VD? LSD? STP? LBJ? Realizing that many researchers attempt to lump diverse elements into one category, 1 decided to subdivide my research. My first phase then is sex on the urban college campus. The urban college finally chosen was preselected by computer, it is a middle- sized college located in a middle-sized city in the Middle West. It is near the middle of the city. This is not intended to be an expose'. Rather, it is intended to be a titillating piece of valid research. For this reason, the people and places referred to will be referred to by fictitious names. The city 1 shall call Umaha and the campus will be designated UNU. The campus itself is located on busy bustling Dudge Street, a main thoroughfare of Umaha. Before I get into my findings I feel I should acquaint you with the methods employed to ensure an unbiased, ob- jective and complete research project. The only method I felt I could count on to ascertain the sexual habits of all the students at UNU was to interview each student. No sample surveys or opinion polls for me. Thoroughness, Thorough- ness! Of course in this enlightened day and age we all know that when a person won't discuss his sexual life with you, then he or she must be either sexually frigid or some kind of sex nut. Well I'm sure it will come as a shock to the reader when I state that fully 50 per cent of the average urban college students are either frigid or some kind of sex nuts! I don't want to reveal the findings of my research until I've fully explained the methods used to gather the data. Still, it doesn't hurt to drop that little shocker in so you'll realize this is not just another piece of dry research destined to molder on the shelf, but rather, it is research designed to get down to the dirty, sinful, smutty truth, completely unbiased and with no prejudgments. I might add with modest pride that it is probably the first research paper for which movie rights have been purchased. To prepare myself for the task ahead, I reread my Ann Landers scrapbook, and read the racier parts of the Masters and Johnson report which foresightedly I had underlined. 1 then checked through my indexed file of Sexology magazine for stories involving such subjects as: A.) students; B.) sex; C.) sexy students; and D.) multiple orgasm in the adult female. (This last to arouse myself to the level of eroticism required for the task ahead.) We all have our little hang ups. But I don't wish to interject my personality into what is intended to be a piece of factual unbiased titillating re- search. I merely wish the reader to know that preliminary preparation was maxi- mized. After preparing my mind and body I began to devise a list of properly worded research questions. This was a most im- 64 portant step. The questions had to un- earth the interviewee's innermost desires, any deviations from the norm and many other shoci ing perverted things. And yet they had to be questions that wouldn't shock the shy nor yet could they inhibit the uninhibited. They should be ques- tions that wouldn't shock your dear old sweet mother, yet wouldn't be«sneered at by the Marquis De Sade. This then was the impossible, herculean task facing me before I could begi n my sexual safari into the typical urban college campus. Fifteen minutes later I was in my car headed for UNU, the list of questions on the seat beside me. Arriving on campus at noon I decided to go to the cafeteria to have a sandwich, check over my list of questions and outline my plan of attack. I finally settled on a ham salad on rye after debating momentarily between it and ham and cheese on white. I realize this may seem unimportant to you, the reader, but I feel you will understand that the researcher who is choosy about the little things in life is the same one you'd wish to have report to you on such a multi-faceted topic as sex on the urban college campus (soon to be playing at your local cinema with Lee Marvin playing the little old researcher, me, and with a cast of thou- sands of frigid sex nuts and perverts.) And as 1 always say, a well-fed researcher is a (no innuendoes intended) well-bred researcher. I read my first question as the last of the ham salad on rye settled pleasantly in my stomach. To whom have you done it lately? Semantics is all important in research. The way a question is worded, the meaning one seeks to convey. The properly worded question should ask the same thing of one subject as it does of the next. Therefore, with cool logic I opted for the lowest common denominator, realizing that it would be easily under- standable to the less polished student and yet not unintelligible to the more so- phisticated. Whereas, if I had chosen to speak in more flowery and educated terms, there was a good chance for misunderstanding. Let me cite a hypo- thetical example. Suppose for instance that I included in my research questions the following: Have you had carnal knowledge of anyone lately? Now the more polished and educated student might immediately understand this ques- tion. However, if I encountered another type of student and inquired if he had had carnal knowledge of anyone lately he might be wont to reply, Yeah, I had carnal Sanders chicken for lunch today. 1 was interrupted in perusing my notes by a large number of students leaving the cafeteria and realized it must be time for classes to let out. Realizing this would be a good time to begin my interviewing I proceeded to a preselected spot on campus and began my interviewing. I'm sorry to say my first fifty-five subjects were either frigid or some kind of sex nuts and one actually openly displayed sadistic tendencies toward me, even going so far as to threaten physical violence to my person. You can imagine my shock at seeing such sadistic sexual tendencies openly displayed there on a spacious middle sized college campus in the middle of America's midlands. Pos- sessing no masochistic tendencies 1 prudently left the area until this per- verted monster had disappeared. 1 was beginning to feel as useful as a factory trained Edsel mechanic if I may insert a gentle witticism at this point to again demonstrate to you, the reader, that this is indeed a research paper with heart. Number fifty-six interviewee was a bit of a problem since he spoke Spanish. I asked him to whom have you done it lately? only to receive a No comprendo Ingles. Sex, I said to him, surely you comprendo sex. Oh Si. He said. One uh Two uh Three uh Four uh Five uh Sex uh. No, I mean sex like in push push, you know. No comprendo, No comprendo, and away he went. I only insert this case to show you what problems a researcher can run into. Should he be classified as frigid or a sex pervert because he didn't talk to me? Or do I assume that he would have talked if he could? Of course this case is not such a problem as it may sound to you, the layman, if you'll pardon the expression. You see, as everyone knows, the Latin type is very hot blooded shall we say, and therefore, I merely make the simple assumption that he's doing it all right, and right often too I'll bet. Therefore, when I have completed my survey, I'll rank him right up there on top with the ones doing it the most. Probably why he hurried away so fast! My next interviewee had halitosis, acne and unruly hair. You really want to know, huh? he said in answer to my first question. Well if the truth were known, I've made it with just about a bunch of chicks, dad. He then invited me for coffee. Suddenly a lovely young co-ed approached the table, smiled winningly at him and said, Tonight? He said, Right. A little later another female came over and said, Soon? He said, At noon. Then another came and said, To- day? He said, Yea. Due to a lack of space I'm forced to interrupt my report at this point. For those of you who feel titillated and left hanging, you may receive a complete copy of my report, complete with sexy full color illustrations, by sending your name and address and $15.00 to cover postage and handling. You will receive it by return mail in a plain brown envelope to enjoy in the privacy of your own home. ByLESMcKIM 65 THE NATURE OF MAN Where to go for improvement and who to see about its decay Beauty of nature and intelligence of man are often consid- ered harmonious elements. When man discards intelligence and rejects the beauty of nature harmony Is disrupted. 66 PREPARATION FOR the future is what education is all about, especially on the university level. Students have often been told that the future of the world is in their hands. Yet the future is the very thing in question. Air, water and land are becoming so contaminated with pollut- ants that these natural necessities of life are becoming unnatural killers. All one has to do is gaze at the litter around his neighborhood, take a drive to the nearest lake or river, or just look out on the horizon to see the extreme gravity of the situation created through an ignorant and careless attitude. This ecological problem came into popular focus during the late 1960s, but scientists for many years have been pre- dicting a gloomy environmental future. In the past, little money was appropriated for research in these areas, so little was accomplished. At last, money is forth- coming. Most of the work toward improving the environment locally has been forced by private non-profit corporations. Many of these organizations are voluntary and citizen-oriented. Most of them suffer be- cause of lack of adequate funds. Organi- zations devoted entirely to environmental improvement include the Fontenelle Forest Nature Center, the Quality En- vironment Council, the Nebraska Wildlife Federation and Keep Omaha Beautiful. These organizations have been formed to do a job that government has, to date, not done well. The Fontenelle Forest Nature Center appears to be the most positive force on the local landscape today. The forest itself is the last living wilderness of its size within 450 miles distance in any direction from Omaha. Besides keeping the forest protected legally, the Nature Center pro- ject has allowed the area to be used as an outdoor laboratory for school students from many school systems in the region. The Nature Center's main purpose is Open-air burning is one of the examples of man's deliberate abuse of nature's ecological balance. Disposal of junk cars in wooded areas and along the nation's roads is becoming a common abuse. to interpret the Fontenelle Forest and to impress the public with the need to not only conserve green space but also to preserve nature's delicate balance. Fontenelle Forest Nature Center's main objective is environmental edu- cation. Some of the Nature Center programs include the following: conducts formal ecology classes for 15,000 students per year; accommodates more than 100,000 weekend visitors annually (Facilities, lectures, hikes, slides, films and exhibits are presented to these visitors.); conducts teacher-training programs; coordinates movements of national conservation organizations on local problems (National Audubon Society and Wilderness Society are examples.); composes and publishes literature to explain regional plants, animals and their ecology for the region; and maintains and patrols the forest. To finance the cost of these and other activities the Nature Center makes avail- able memberships to the public. Student rates run $2 per year, entitling them to many of the events without charge. 67 Another local organization, the Qual- ity Environment Council (QEC) was founded through efforts of the Nature Center. This group's board of directors consists of accomplished scientists and citizens working voluntarily to improve the environment by both information and persuasion. The board is a type of en- vironmental brain trust which has ad- dressed itself to such problems as popu- lation, pesticides, air, water, noise and thermal pollution. The QEC has published studies on solid waste disposal and proper lawn management without pesticides or fertil- izers. They have also presented their views on air pollution to the Nebraska Air Pollution Control Council and to the Omaha City Council. QEC helped sponsor a pollution workshop, drafted resolutions on a variety of environmental problems This fast-flying machine provides both noise pollution and air pollution to the natural world. Abandoned trash barrels clutter the landscape. Man-made cities are becoming man-made disasters due to smog and smoke pollution, as pictured below. 68 UNO students are among Omaha's worst polluters. Garbage, cups, papers and other junk lie on lunch room tables waiting to be bussed by someone else. Another eyesore is the condition of theOuampi Room after daily activity. These student janitors wonder why some students are such pigs. and conducted a pre-election candidate evaluation to determine the ecological awareness of candidates for many public offices. Student memberships are avail- able for $2.50. Keep Omaha Beautiful exists partially on public funds and champions city beautification projects as well as litter and solid waste clean-up. One of their major projects is a junker car removal program. The Nebraska Wildlife Federation, an affiliate of the National Wildlife Feder- ation, is just beginning to get on its feet. Charter memberships will be available shortly, and the organization is slated to become the statewide environmental watchdog. On this campus, student efforts in environment have been a disgrace, despite successful Earth Day activities last April. A few attempts have been made to organize groups, such as the UNO en- vironment club Eco-Ring and the free university course Man and His En- vironment. For the most part these have failed due to lack of working members and leadership. Only a handful of stu- dents are actively involved in ecological groups within the community. Not much is being done to encourage involvement through education. Within the UNO cur- riculum there is no specific course on ecology offered; however, a few days are devoted to the study of the environment in courses such as biology, zoology, geology and geography. But even these are not enough to motivate students with concern for the environment. The groups and organizations are here. The good intentions are here. But the involvement is not. In a sense, nature has gone to war with humanity. If history repeats itself, it is easy to surmise that the only way to achieve peace is through the defeat of one side or another. Unless mankind begins to care enough about itself to surrender - surrender its autos, control its population and conserve its resources — then mankind will lose the battle. And the battle is life. BY RON ABDOUCH 69 From the picture above, it looks as if this artist's favorite colors are shades of blue and green. One of the most controversial entries in the annual Faculty Art Show was the one entitled Birth. UNO Assistant Professor of Art Terrence Ratliff was its creator - some would say instigator. S MELLS OF lacquer and paint re- placed the once familiar smell of formaldehyde in many of the third floor rooms of the admini- stration building. This year the biology department moved to the new science building making way for art de- partment expansion. Students received badly-needed classroom space, and an art gallery was created in room 307. In this, as in other things, the UNO art department quietly continues in its own way. Its mood reflects that of the uni- versity. Few controversies appear. Few radicals exist. There is little heard or spoken about the artists on campus other than an occasional reminiscence into chaotic times past — a simple, Do you remember the Governor's Art Show? or What about that painting they had to smuggle out of the building because the bootstraps caught sight of it? Some years the students are a more tightly knit group than other years, says art instructor Ron King. This promotes more campus involvement. Basically, the students just want to go about their own business though. In many colleges art students are looked upon as being the 70 I I cause of controversy. 1 don't believe this is necessarily true, but 1 do think an artist's life depends on controversy; an artist thrives on the controversial; he has to be part of it. If he is a true artist, he is going to be in the center of controversy. On this campus things are just quieter, some years more than others. It just depends on the group of students. Today's attitude toward the most liberal-minded of the university's liberal art students has somewhat mellowed. For years the terms Bohemian and beatnik referred to the Greenwich Village art types who frequented the sawdust- covered bars and dimly-lit coffee houses. Now the archetype word for artist is missing from the vocabulary. Hippie comes closest to resembling a term for artist, but the word is too broad to be used only in direct reference to artist. More young people are now assuming the life-style of the arts causing a lessening of the radical stigma connected with the word artist. People are becoming more tolerant of differences in one another, explains one student artist. They're willing to live and let live. One of the complaints about teaching Senior Chuck Malstead puts in a few late hours to add some finishing touches to one of his worl s. 71 Power tools, a sculptor's best friend, aid this student in getting a smooth, straight edge. methods in art is tlie lacl of contempor- ary study and also the refusal to employ new methods of teaching. We're being taught in a Victorian manner in many instances, say several art students, and yet art is a very now subject. Even securing a nude model becomes a hassle, especially at UNO. On some campuses many art models are secured from the student body, but when the student body lives in its own home town, some of the freedoms of a college campus are re- moved. This in itself can present some inconvience. Another common complaint stems from the idea of being accepted. What is art to one man, may not be art to another, claim students. If Nebraskans want J. C. Penney stuff, then J. C. Penney stuff is what they'll buy, but that doesn't necessarily mean it's any good. Then again, as a sideline argument, if J. C. Penney stuff is what America buys, then maybe J. C. Penney stuff is what America deserves. ■ Art students are among the few to realize the precise talents required for pottery and ceramics. Stretching live models presents a challenge to the artist's realistic and imaginative talents. 72 The many moods of DON BENNING DON BENNING, UNO's 33-year-old wrestling coach, has brought national prominence to Omaha mat men. Since taking over the head coaching job in 1963, Ben- ning has steadily developed the program to its apex and produced the winningest teams in UNO history (72-23-3). Today the Indian grapplers are rated number one in their league. As past president of the NAIA Wrestling Coaches Association and former NAIA Coach of the Year, Benning has garnered the nation's respect. Wrestling, however, is not Benning's only activity. In addition to his wrestling duties, he is the offensive line coach on the Indian football team. Add his teach- ing load and community involvement, and Don Benning is one very busy man. Included in Benning's schedule are physical education activities and an intro- duction to education course. He is also an athletic counselor and adviser to student teachers. In addition to his education chores, Benning is a member of the Nebraska Council of Teacher Certifi- cation. Benning's skills in education, athletic prowess and knowledge of youth aid him in counseling. When asked what percent- age of his time is spent with youth, Benning's wife Dee had to laugh. When isn't he working with youth? she ex- claimed. Benning's skills enable him to serve as a counselor for College Bound, advising youth on post high school plans. Before coming to UNO, Benning was executive director of Omaha's Near North YMCA. After receiving his master's de- gree from Omaha University in 1961, Benning joined the ranks of faculty members on the Dodge Street campus. All that stands between Benning and his doctorate in secondary education from the University of Nebraska in Lincoln is his thesis paper. His on-campus activities include spon- sorship of Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity. He is also a past member of the uni- versity's Human Relations Board, the Student Activities Committee and the Professional Standards Committee. With all of these local honors and duties, it is still wrestling which brought Benning his national recognition. He is state chairman of the Wrestling Feder- ation, president of the Omaha Metro- politan Wrestling Coaches and Officials Association, and a member of the United States Olympic Wrestling Committee. First and foremost with Benning is his family. He and his wife Dee have three children: Vicki, 8; Tracy, 7; and Donald Jr., 3. With all of his activities, Benning isn't home much of the time. His wife Dee summed things up when she said, We would like to see more of Don, but this is his job, and this is what he enjoys doing. I don't think he would be happy doing anything else. ■ . . and a one, Three steps to defeat or THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE 74 . and a two, . and a three. AS FANS entered the UNO Field- house for the conclusion of the two-day UNO Invitational Wrest- i ling Tournament, they found the Indians had dropped to second place after leading the previous night. Like many wrestlers, 134-pound Landy Waller had been several pounds overweight after the first day's competi- tion. Waller and several others stayed late Friday night to work out and trim several pounds for the Saturday morning weigh- in. Waller's weight problem, however, was not solved by his running on Friday night, and he was four pounds overweight Saturday. Waller was then disqualified, forfeiting nine points from Friday's 84-77 lead over North Dakota State. Most wrestlers, especially the success- ful ones, battle their weight constantly. Many, Waller included, must restrict their intake of fluids almost to the point of none at all. One wrestler who really knows about cutting weight is Mel Wash- ington. After playing football for the Indians at 215 pounds, Washington must cut his weight to 177 pounds for wrestling. With this yearly drop, Washing- ton could be called an expert weight loser. Landy should have been able to make it, said Washington. But everyone is an individual. Some of us have different problems in cutting. Maybe I really shouldn't talk. Facing the internal conflict of tourna- ment director versus UNO coach, Don Benning made the decision to subtract Waller's accumulated points. In addition to the point loss, Waller's opponent in the finals won by default, and an additional four points were added to the NDS team total. At best, Omaha could only tie North Dakota State. The stage was set for a UNO re- surgence. According to UNO's 190- pounder Bernie Hospodka, We knew we had a chance for a tie if Joe George (Nebraska at Lincoln) beat NDS. With UNO fans yelling as much for George as they do for local wrestlers, Lincoln's defending tournament champion won 12-1. His victory gave Omaha a slim chance for a tie. Scoring in the finals consists of three points for a win and four for win by fall. With three matches left, UNO was behind 92-80. This meant all three Omahans waiting to wrestle had to win by a pin in order to tie. With the best two wrestlers at each weight facing each other, a pin in the finals of a wrestling tournament is rare. A thrilling match pitted Mel Washing- ton at 177 pounds against North Dakota State's Dick Henderson. Over 2,000 cheering fans saw Washington pin Hender- son in just over two minutes. One third of the task was done. Just two more matches to go. Facing each other in the next match were Hospodka and Scott Manley of 75 Before his weight UNO heavyweight disqualification, Indian grappier Gary Kipfmiller rests following a Landy Waller attempts to pin tournament foe. strenuous work out after the tournament defeat. Montana State. Said Hospodka, The only thing I could think of was pinning him. I didn't have any set plan, i just went out there to wrestle my best and, if the opportunity came, pin him. Although Hospodka had Manley on his back most of the match, he was unable to pin the elusive wrestler. Hospodka won 7-0, ending UNO's chance to tie North Dakota State. I don't ever remember trying harder for a pin, commented Hospodka following the match. The final match of the evening was meaningless for the team standing, but the prestige of an individual champion was at stake. UNO would place second no matter what heavyweight Gary Kipfmiller did. Kipfmiller faced Mark Flaharty of Montana State. The 340-pound Kipf- miller outweighed Flaharty by 150 pounds. Worrying about possible injury to Flaharty, Montana State coach Bill Emsick halted the match in midstream. After throwing in a towel to halt the match, Emsick explained he wanted Flaharty to have a chance at wrestling Kipfmiller. He worried, however, that his grappier would be injured. Kipfmiller's win by default gave UNO four points, same as a pin. Coach Don Benning's grapplers found themselves runner-up behind North Dakota State 92-91 . Tournament champion Mel Washing- ton said, Getting knocked off this tournament got the guys on their toes. We were too cocky. Now we're ready for the rest of the season. in spite of the drop to number two, Indian fans had much to be happy with. Four Indians took top honors, and all but Waller placed. Indian Aaron Doolin's only loss was to Rick Johnson, tournament champion at 118 pounds. Doolin took third place in his division. Dennis Cozad, UNO's 126-pounder, had two victories to place him in the 76 Wrestling Queen Betsy Parks receives a bouquet from Ouampi at the tourney. tournament finals. In one of the most exciting matches of the night, Cozad lost to North Dakota State's Sam Kucenic, 7-6. The Indian matman led through most of the six minute contest, but gave up a two-point takedown in the last seconds; Before Waller's disqualification, he manhandled Jack Britton from Westmar College, 16-1. A bye in the afternoon and the easy victory gave Waller a berth in the tournament finals. Transfer student Nate Phillips took the number one post at 142 pounds. The UNO junior from Ponca City, Okla., had little trouble working his way to the tournament finals. Quentin Horning, another transfer to the Indian squad, finished fourth. He lost to the tournament's second-place finisher in the semi-finals and then was pinned in the consolations. After winning his first match 8-2, Jordan Smith lost to North Dakota State's Brad Williams in action Friday night and Lincoln's Tom Meier on Satur- day. Smith finished fourth while Williams took first. Rich Emsick, UNO's 167-pound senior, was the third Indian to lose to an eventual tournament champion. Emsick faced Joe George and came out on the short end. He went on to win an overtime contest to take third place honors. The two-day tournament also served as a family reunion for the Emsick family. Rich wrestled for UNO; brother Bill coached Montana State, and their sister Peggy competed in the Wrestling Queen competition. Washington was clearly the crowd pleaser of the tournament. After pinning his first man in 31 seconds on Friday, Washington then disposed of Lincoln's Rex Christensen in less than four minutes. Washington kept his pinning record perfect against North Dakota State's Dick Henderson for individual honors at 177 pound s. In spite of their second place finish, Don Benning's grapplers have a fine future with such stalwarts as Washington, Hospodka and Kipfmiller. With the aid of Nate Phillips and other newcomers, the first-ranked Indian matmen should soar to great heights in the NAIA this season. BY STEVE PRIESMAN 167-pounder Rich Emsicl (right) and his oppon- ent appear to be dancing a rumba in this match. Obviously havingsomefun, 340-pound Gary Kipf- miller sizes up his opponent before attacking. '1 77 Breathe deep, and RUN, HARRIERS, RUN Pictured at left, runners Rick Schultz (left) and Larry Andrew (right) pace one another to keep up speed. Pictured below, Dave Michaels leads Mark Wayne as the pack prepares for the long climb in Elmwood Park. On opposite page, Gary Swain appears a lonely man as the runners spread out after several miles. 78 UNO runner Gary Swain picks up speed and sets a driving pace for himself. WICE AROUND the golf course might be termed 36 holes by the average Saturday morning swinger, but to the harriers of UNO's cross country team, it's five miles of grueling hill 'n dale which would test the stamina of the best-conditioned of athletes. Coach Lloyd Cardwell's runners became quite intimate with the Elmwood Park course this past fall as they posted an over-ail season record of five wins and one defeat in league competition, with good showings in four larger contests. Pat Rinn, a transfer from Wyoming University as a sophomore last year, made much of the difference. On October 30th, Rinn broke his own UNO record for five miles set only last year. Running in the Nebraska Wesleyan Invitational, the team captain clipped 27 seconds off the mark to set a new school standard of 26 minutes, 16 seconds. Rinn was named to the all conference dream team and also was awarded the honor of being named to the National Association Intercollegiate Athletics All-America team. A former National Football League all pro with the Detroit Lions, Coach Cardwell is in his 25th season of UNO coaching. He named Dave Micheels and Mark Wayne, both freshmen from Omaha, as very fine prospects and termed them the ones to watch in the future. Next year Cardwell will return with his team virtually intact, as only one man, Chuck Wallerstedt, will be lost through graduation. Wallerstedt, however, was the number two runner on the team behind Rinn last season. Photos and story by AL SHACKELFORD Being checked at the two-mile mark, Pat Rinn races to a new school record. 80 lOMAHA lOMAHAWH lOMAHAWh lOMAHAWH lOMAHAWH ToMAHAWf lOMAHAWH lOMAHAWH lOMAHAWH lOMAHAWH Tomahawk lOMAHAWH lOMAHAWH lOMAHAWH lOMAHAWH lOMAHAWH lOMAHAWH lOMAHAWH lOMAHAWH lOMAHAWH lOMAHAWH lOMAHAWH lOMAHAWH lOMAHAWH lOMAHAWH mm E Htap Issue been omitted publi ations comp _mm mwmlmlmwmm Tomah.i wk ,uit fel! it necessary to irovi organization and activity photos ound -1 th reason, ou find oui ;ioup or activity U look ipon n -is the result ol the ional yeai foi the tud one. public. ii ions siat f als from scores to a mere handful, and that handful who did forg( u upward did so only with great difficulty Fraumas ol ill siz om a nervous breakdown to dead developer, from anemia to car nd from .1 plain ase ol th blues to spring e ei wei e recoi ded 01 scale of procrastination, w that it's all over for the second issue of the Tomahawk, we g lo forget about the delay s and (In- discoui agements Vgain we ast you to take the magazine; read it; wve it. and combine h with the oth two feature issues. Together the three publications should provide 1970-71 UNO student with a memorable book ol ins college year, I ji t n Tomahawk ACTIVITIES 1970-1971 The Tomahawk, a University of Nebraska at Omaha student publica- tion, is a magazine for students, by students and about students. Publi- cation dates are subject to change. Editor Julie Salem Photo Editor John Windier Greek Editor Diana Fuller Organization Editor Kay Brown Sports Editor Steve Priesman SORORITIES IT WAS the best of times; it was the worst of times. For sororities on the UNO campus this year, it was the worst of times. Discrimination was again the cry of the Student Senate against Chi Omega; only this time members of the sorority itself expressed concern over the matter. In a letter to Dean of Student Personnel Donald J. Pflasterer, former Chi Omega President Carol Gould requested her signature be withdrawn from a previous letter declaring Chi Omega to be a non-discriminatory organization on the basis of race, color, creed or national origin. Chi Omega member and 1970 Panhellenic (all-sorority govern- ing body) President Diane Mancuso also submitted her resig- nation, as did Jan Nelson, Arts and Sciences Senator Mary Ellen Lynch and Karen Hanna. In a letter to the student newspaper, the Gateway, Miss Hanna stated her resignation was based on a statement of a national representative which implied that discrimination is a part of Chi Omega. Despite these resignations and criticisms, Chi Omega co- adviser Mildred Hollingsworth claimed the controversy to be based on jealousy. She also stated allegations about discrimin- ation were untrue and foolish, and that the Student Senate was making a mountain out of a molehill. Chi Omega's current president Mary Jochim said she thought the Student Senate was trying to make Chi Omega a scape- goat. Other sororities, however, were not indicted. Under the direction of the senate, Student Body President Jim Zadina appointed a five-member committee to hear the arguments. Following a closed-door hearing, recommendations were issued directing the Chi Omega national secretary to explain membership policies. Further action is pending. PANHELLENIC COUNCIL - Pam Davis, Cheryl Rowe, Jan Schmidt (Sec), Diane Nielson (Pres.), Jane Fields (Tres.), Sally Ganem, Nancy Dellere. ALPHA XI DELTA - Row 1 : Cindy Smith, Jeannie Nosal, Pat Kubsch, Patt Owen; Row 2: Nancy Bakke, Mary Ehlers, Susan Davie, Sherry Knight (Tres.), Sue Rice, Cheryl Rowe (Pres.), Julia Gibson, Betsy Parks (Sec), Sue Reiman, Mary Merrill, Nancy Rice, Marsha Marshall; Row 3: Laurel Floth, Diane Kelley, Renee Zach, Colleen Bohan, Jeanne Ciane, Colleen Murphy, Debbie Gehr, Nancy Olbrey, Rhonda Kroeger, Mary Lewis, Maria Ridgway, Paula Boysen; Row 4: Kris Norton, Susie Anderson, Zenia Galenda, Pat Tilley, Barb Enquist, Joyce Belik, Paula Rihanek, Nancy Hanson, Carol Van Vliet, Vickie Boysen. GREEKS MUST change what they offer to students if they are to survive, said Barb Enquist, Panhellenic president and former pledge trainer of Alpha Xi Delta sorority. By offering services they must show they care about the campus and the community. More contact with high school girls was Miss Enquist's solution to the dwindling number going through rush. The changing of rush rules by Panhellenic is a sign of more changes to come, she added. Alpha Xi Deltas show they care by tutoring Indian children after school. Each girl in the first semester pledge class is required to spend at least one hour a week tutoring Indian children. Their social activities include: the Dinner Dance (Bob Pennington was announced Alpha Xi Sweetheart at this year's Dinner Dance held at the Hilton); the pledge skip to Lincoln; the Mother-Daughter Banquet; the Founders' Day Banquet; and a Christmas party where pledge paddles are exchanged. They also participate in activities sponsored by Panhellenic and IFC such as helping with the Gorilla films during Greek Week, selling candy for Panhellenic at Halloween and taking part in the March of Dimes Marathon Walk. Individual Alpha Xi's involved in many campus activities are: Cheryl Rowe; Barb Enquist; Colleen Murphy, Paula Rihanek; Sue Rice; Nancy Rice; Betsy Parks; Mary Ehlers; Wendi Meyer; Sue Anderson; Carol Van Vliet; Jeannie Ciani; and 14 of the 34 UNO Indiannes are Alpha Xi's Alpha Xi Delta 5 CHI OMEGA - Kevin Dolen, Cleo Aulner; Row 2: Jan Nelson, Margie Hargleroad, Carol Strother, Robin McNutt, Jane Harrow, Jeannine Giller, Laura Chavez, Jo Barlande; Row 3: Marina Montalud, Diana Fuller, Cindy Sheldon, Lynn Nielsen, Carol Mayhan, Sue Hale, Mary Ellen Lynch, Cheryl Shreeves, Joyce Klingforth, Mary Jochim, Cris Kay, Peggy Kansler, Barb Eastep, Carol Knapp, JoMarie Cech, Violet Kazlauskas, Deborah Magee, Gaylene Wagman. THERE IS nothing negative in the Greek system, only something positive which must be played up more, said Cris Kay, vice-president of Chi Omega. More information should be published on summer rush and made available to high school girls, she added. It would help if freshmen would go back to their high schools and interest girls in the Greek system. This year and for a record 21 years, Chi Omega captured the scholarship trophy for highest scholastic average. Mary Jochim, president of Chi Omega, was judged Miss UNO of 1971 ; student senator and cheerleader Jeanine Giller was judged first runner-up in the same contest, second runner-up in the Miss Omaha Contest, and winner of the Miss Nebraskaland Contest. Other active Chi Omegas include Robin McNutt and Gail Jones, both cheerleaders; Joyce Klingforth and Susie Jaksich, Indiannes; and Sue Hale, president of Diamond Darlings and Pin-Ops. Marlene Schroder was fifth runner-up in the Miss Tomahawk Contest, and Cheryl Shreeves was first runner-up for Miss Pen and Sword. Diana Fuller is a Gateway reporter. Chi Omega social and service activities include: providing free cider and donuts at homecoming, baking cupcakes for tables in the Ouampi Room, making baskets for Children's Hospital, and assisting at the Alumni Casino Charity Party. Chi Omega co-sponsored the Sweetness and Light presenta- tion with Tau Kappa Epsilon during Greek Week activities. The December Dinner Dance highlighted Chi Omega social activities. GAMMA PHI BETA - Row 1: Patty Hornig (Tres.), Nancy Burrell, Karen Smith, Nancy Dellere; Row 2: Denise Harris, Terry Preston, Carol Herink (Pres.), Sue Farley (V-P), Terrie Fry, Chris Christensen; Row 3: Louise Lewis, Jody Leahy, Michelle McKensie, Carol Pavlik, Joan McKay, Kathy Kahlandt, Mary Kula, Ruth Miller, J u lie Barna. GAMMA PHI Beta is a philanthropic organization devoted to promoting the well-rounded woman through scholarship, social activities and service. For Gamma Phi's, activities among the girls overshadow group school activities. Some of their functions include: a Dinner Dance; a Pizza-With-Pop Party; and a Christmas party for the children of alumnae. Participating in the Jaycee Honey Drive, selling candy for Panhellenic, and helping with a brownie troop at the J. P. Lord School for the mentally and physically handicapped are some of Gamma Phi Beta's services to the community. Gamma Phi's active in school functions are: Joan Leahy, a debater; Karen Smith, a Gateway staff writer; Denise Harris and Joan Leahy, Angel Flight members; Carol Herink, finalist for Wrestling Queen; and Chris Christensen, Ma-ie Day princess candidate. Gamma Phi, started last year, is the newest sorority on campus. According to vice-president Sue Farley, the sorority system should be looking toward change. Rush rules should be changed so they are fairer to the girls, she said. Greeks must unite and build up spirit among themselves. A point stressed in rush is that we are not the old established sorority, said Karen Smith, a new Gamma Phi active. We're more open to change and new ideas because we're not bound by tradition. 7 A GREATER stress on sisterhood among the girls is needed, according to Mary Beth Twohey, rush chairman of Sigma Kappa. Greeks have projected a bad image of false sisterhood — the rent-a-friend idea. If there is a good atmosphere, girls will be attracted, and this idea will be dispelled. Mother-Daughter and Father-Daughter Banquets, a Valen- tine's Day tea, a Christmas party, a Dinner Dance, and a breakfast for senior girls and their mothers were ways to bring the Sigma Kappas together. Adopting grandparents at the Douglas County Old People's Home was one of the Sigma Kappa service activities. Sigma Kappas involved in student activities were: former Sigma Kappa president and homecoming queen, Sally Ganem; Trudy Ford, Lambda Chi Alpha Crescent Girl; Glenda Roth, TKE Sweetheart; Reenie Draniewski, fourth runner-up in the Miss Tomahawk Contest; and Mary Beth Twohey, an Indianne. Other Sigma Kappas are a ctive in Sig Ep Little Sisters, Tiny Taus, Crescent Girls, Theta Chi Chevaliers and SPO. 2K SIGMA KAPPA - Row 1: Rita Tevorek, Kathy Dalton, Trudy Ford (Pres.), Jennifer Tata; Row 2: Sande Donley , Vivette Pullum, Mary Drozda, Mary Beth Twohey, Shelli Smith, Judy Schubert; Row 3: Cindy Pearce, Connie Covey, Pat Blankenship, Cathy Mears, Eileen Formico, Sheryl Hilbers, Cheri Jacobsen, Bernie Pogreba, Glenda Roth, Janie Fields, Kay Runsteen. EVERY SORORITY has a Miss Everything, and Jackie Hammer is Zeta's Miss Everything. Miss Hammer is currently working as an Omaha World-Herald summer intern and is a member of the Chancellor's Advisory Committee. Other outstanding Zeta's include: Mary Jane Lohmeier, a debater and speaker of the Student Senate; Carol Schrader, a student senator, writer for the Gateway and Tomahawk, and member of Pepsters and Angel Flight; and Donna Schweiger, a senator. Among the activities sponsored by Zeta Tau Alpha are initiation and pledge banquets, Dad-Daughter Pizza Party, the Mom-Daughter Banquet, a retreat in Lincoln, participation in the Annual Collectors' Sale and the alumnae bazaar, and the White Violet Dinner Dance. Zeta rush chairman Paulette Connor and Panhellenic repre- sentative Phyllis Vacek were instrumental in the development of the new information pamphlet P anhellenic will use this year to replace the traditional letter sent to high school graduates. ZETA TAU ALPHA - Row 1: Laura Havelka, Jean Elliott; Row 2: Phyllis Vacek, Judy Lucas, Peggy Emsick, Eileen Schnase (Tres.), Cindy Giordano, Renee Albracht, Suzanne Cramer, Verlanda Thompson, Marianne Santi; Row 3: Chris Olson, Pat Mielke, Jeri Nyquist, Patty Donnan, Donna Schwieger, Pam Davis, Jan Schmidt, Julianne Devlin, Cindy Douchey, Patty House, Carol Rushenberg, Irene Zuk. FRATERNITIES FOR FRATERNITIES this year the road toward harmony was equally as rocky as that of the sororities. The effectiveness of the lnterfraternity Council (IFC), all- fraternity governing body, was challenged by one of its seven-member fraternities. Tau Kappa Epsilon (TKE) directed the attack by resigning from jurisdiction of IFC. TKE member and IFC first vice-president Ron Greek explained the withdrawal of Tau Kappa Epsilon from the IFC this way: Every week people come to this stupid meeting and don't do anything. We didn't see IFC was doing us any good. To my mind, he said, it's a question of why belong if you don't feel the I FC's providing a service? IFC President Kim Wadleigh feared the TKE departure from IFC jurisdiction would allow the fraternity to run rampant in rushing and pledging policies. Much of the controversy centered around TKE's charges of premature rushing by other fraternities, an infringement of IFC policy which carries with it suspension of the fraternity in violation from all IFC activities. Despite its resignation Tau Kappa Epsilon continues to remain a recognized organization on campus, according to Wadleigh, although he would like to see some negative sanction for leaving. Because of this problem and others, several of the Greek organizations' presidents feel the Greek system is ready for change. Both fraternity and sorority rush rules have been amended and revised this year, and sororities are going out into the high schools this spring to recruit for fall rush. President of the newly-formed Sigma Tau Gamma fraternity Aaron Eairley- wine said, A lot of the Mickey Mouse stuff should be cutout. Rush rules should be changed so there is open rush at all times. The fewer restrictions, the better, he added. Disregarding IFC headaches, the Greek system at UNO has this year seen the initiation of a new fraternity on campus, Pi Kappa Phi, and the extinction of an old fraternity on campus, Alpha Epsilon Pi. Several fraternities have also started sister groups that are socially affiliated with the fraternities. INTERFRATERNITY COUNCIL - John Goepper, Pat Dolan, Kim Wasleigh (Pres.), Mike Cutchall, Jim Meier; Row 2: John Thomsen, Mike McMahon, Thomas Jamieson, David Widman, Neal Evans, J im Cigolini, John Pearson, Terry Dudley, Bill Blake, Steve Smithberg. AXA LAMBDA CHI ALPHA - Row 1: Bruce Acquazzino, Kent Chamberlin, Bob Knudson, Mike McMahon, Ken Berger; Row 2: Duane Doering, Pat Anderson, Jim Stavneak, Virg Setterlund, Bob Farris, Mike Fries, John Goepper, Scott Dolan; Row 3: John Maliszewski, Jim Haas, Jim Vanhauer, Larry Davis, Cliff Herd, Jeff Hix, Tom Hawley, Larry Bockelman (Sec), Pat Dolan (V-P), Denny Crain (Pres.), Chuck Sayors, Jim Craven; Row 4: Dave Smith, Gary Seitz, Bill Hickman, Joe Balus, Jeff Fortezzo (Tres.), Mahlon Laible, Tom Hawkinson, Ed Hover. RUSH THIS year was very depressing for everyone. Greeks will have to help and work with the independents if they are to survive, said Lambda Chi Alpha President Dennis Crain. Crain feels Lambda Chi's have survived because they're not stereotyped. We're not all jocks or brains or socialites. We try to get kids involved in school activities, said Crain. As evidence of this involvement, Lambda Chi's won the basketball, bowling, curling, badminton and indoor track championships. They also sponsored a Halloween party for the Omaha Home for Boys, an Easter egg hunt for the Children's Home, the UNO Watermelon Bust and the Basketball Dribble during the 1970-1971 school year. Lambda Chi Jim Zadina is Student Body President; Jim Craven, former president of SPO; Bob Knudson, Gateway sports editor; Pat Anderson, former junior class president and president of Omicron Delta Kappa (Men's National Leadership Honorary); Jon Bridgewater, Omicron Delta Kappa member; Greg Classen, Omicron Delta Kappa member and new president of SPO; John McGann, former student senator and vice-president of Rho Epsilon; and Scott Darling, SPO council member. The Lambda Chi female affiliate is called Crescent Girls. LAMBDA CHI ALPHA CRESCENT GIRLS - Row 1: Sandy Benak, Linda Mullenax (V-P), Trudy Ford (Pres.), Jane Harrow, Judy Lukowski; Row 2: Liz Connor, Sue Anderson, Sue Rice; Row 3: Carol Jensen, Paula Rihanek, Jackie Hammer (Sec), Kathy Bauman, Donna Minarik. PI KAPPA Alpha activities center around intramural sports and parties. Last year the Pi Kapp's won the intramural swimming and football competition. Every year the pledges sponsor an alumni-active football game called the Toilet Bowl. This year Pikes contributed $5 to the East Omaha Improve- ment Fund. Also after winning the Inter-Collegiate Amateur Night at Creighton University, Pikes contributed the $25 prize money to the California Bar, the Pike's favorite charity, according to Pike vice-president Steve Heck. During Greek Week activities, John Lohmeier was named outstanding pledge; Steve Standene was honored for highest pledge grades; and James Ziegenbein won honors for his pledge essay. Pikes also captured the scholarship cup for the fourth year in a row, and they received first place in the Intramural Sweepstakes and first place for their bulletin board entry. PI KAPPA ALPHA - Row 1: Jim Cisar, Bob Brown, Mike Glaser; Row 2: Steve Sandene, Bob Belitz, Festus Fisk, Dick Busbee; Row 3: Mike Jeffries, Mike Boe, Gary Sallquist, Ted Menck, Bill Hosey, Craig Doughloy; Row 4: John Lohmier, Greg Parsons, Bill Vlach, John Morrison, Dan Gilmore, Jock Leach, Sleazy Kinsella, Ron Grazzo, Lurch, John Cotton, Rich Graham (Pres.), Steve Heck (V-P), Van Richards, Mark Wehner, Doug Andrews, Jeff Krag; Row 5: Bruce Shoneboom, Rusty Rau, Mike Duffield, Mike Chance, John Hammon, Mike Moore, Ron Sturba, Jim Zieggenbiem, Idsa Gonad, Steve Hillstrand. SIGMA PHI EPSILON - Row 1: Jim Tyler, Doug Halleen, Mike Cutchall (Pres.), Scott Houston (V-P), Mike Scholz; Row 2: Mike Regan, Steve Smithberg, Bob Hrush, Jim Cigoline, Bob Callahan, Steve Snyder; Row 3: Bill Hess, Randy Bergren, Dave Steele, Doug Tobias, Lynn Weaver, Jim Lynch, Gordy Glasgow, Mike Gross, Greg Cutchall, Ed Cook, Tom Crews, Bob Pedersen, Keith Snyder, Eldon Scholte; Row 4: Ron Price, Jerry Leahy, Dan Trieweiler, Ed Skronski, Keith Kowal, Pat Cain, Jeff McKain, Kevin Vaughn, Don Hughes, Brett Nettlehut, Chuck Honke. THE PLAYBOY Party, the Formal Dinner Dance and the Viking Blast are the three main Sig Ep activities. An alumni dinner and intramurals round out the rest of the calendar. Sig Ep's placed second in almost every intramural activity this year. They contribute to the Sig Ep Heart Fund and Camp Fund, and once a year they sponsor a blood drive. This year's blood drive was in cooperation with Omaha Mayor Eugene Leahy. According to President Mike Cutchall, Sig Ep membership has gone from 70 to 55 members in the last two years. Of course, we cut out a lot of dead wood by getting rid of those who didn't pay dues, he said. Most Greeks feel they must change or die. I agree, said Cutchall. Greeks have changed somewhat. They are no longer just a united group, but a united group of individuals. This is important. Kids won't take menial duties nowadays. We've pared our program down into an eight-week, constructive, educational pledge program, rather than the usual 16-week program, added Cutchall. Fraternities serve an important purpose on a commuter campus, according to Cutchall. Greeks carry more of the weight in activities; not because independents don't care, but because Greeks are more aware of the opportunities available. The Sig Ep sister group Little Sisters have been on campus for about two years. The 25 members assist with rush and other activities. According to Cutchall, the girls do not have to be pinned or lavaliered in order to be a member. They must merely show an interest in the fraternity. There is no pledgeship, but there is a trial period each girl goes through so the guys can see if she fits in with the members, said Cutchall. SIGMA PHI EPSILON LITTLE SISTERS - Row 1: Carol Pflueger (V-P), Mary Nedley (Pres.), Mary Drozda (Sec.-Tres.); Row 2: Pat Blankenship, Sue Reiman, Bernie Pogreba, Peggy Purcell, Barb Eastep, Jan Nemecek; not pictured: Carol Dieb, Deb Gruedel, Mary Merrell, Betsy Parks, Denise Sortino, Rosie Trummer, Renee Zach. 13 ■ ■ SIGMA TAU GAMMA - Row 1: Marv Vannier, Rich Be • i r-p Mike Clem, Ed Kuntz, Ken Kuhlman; Row 2: Jeff Frisc j j[ Kirk Larsen, Norm Vogel, Larry Yost, Mike McGuire, Da Wieczorek, Tom Bennett; Not pictured: J. C. Casper, Dan ONE OF the two new fraternities on campus Sigma Tau Gamma was started because we didn't fit into any of the others, according to President Aaron Eairleywine. We have the image of having older guys, said Eairleywine, and we do have some, but we'll have to attract young ones to survive. This year Sig Tau's sponsored a car rally and blood drive, but the majority of their energies was directed toward activation. Sig Tau's started a little sister group this year also, the Tiny Taus. The 12 members of the group do not necessarily have to be students, but they are responsible for promoting the image of Sig Tau's on campus, assisting individual members, making posters, planning parties and typing term papers. an, Bob Anderson, Tom Penke, Jim Abboud, Lee Subbert, Kim Wadleigh, h, Ed Horman, Aaron Eairleywine, Jim Anderson, Pat Wieczorek; Row 3: e Widman, Barry Limoges, Doug Parr, Brian Bainbridge, Steve Frisch, Mike Hill, Rick Foster, Al Kumpf, Kurt Geschwender. SIGMA TAU GAMMA TINY TAUS - Row 1: Janine Hansen, Jane Balderston, Kathi Gustafson; Row 2: Cheryl Melcher, Shelli Smith, Carolyn Vannier; Not pictured: Carol Schrader, Joey Vacek, Pixie Howard, Rikki Smith, Sally Ganem. 14 TAU KAPPA EPSILON - Row 1: Tim Rohwer, Rick Snow, Jim Rasmussen, J. M. Doucette, Hank Abels, Craig Erwin, Vince Czerwindki, Larry Lloyd; Row 2: Jim Tramel, Dan Eddinger (Sec), Dave Smith (Tres.), Neal Evans, Ererwin Imig, Mark Borngrebe, Wally Berry, John Hammer, Dennis Blackman.Tim Macfarlane; Not pictured: Bill Clark (Pres.), Wes Felt (V-P). WHILE OTHER Greek organizations have lost pledges, Tau Kappa Epsilon has increased their pledge class by 200 per cent. It's because of our new policies, said pledge trainer Neal Evans. We don't harass the pledges any more, and we don't make them do menial tasks. Our attitude toward pledges is the same as that toward actives. There is really no difference between the two, he said. We use the pledgeship to educate the potential active in the history of the fraternity and parliamentary procedure as well. According to Teke active Dan Eddinger, Teke's pulled out of IFC because we weren't pleased with their policies on rush. IFC wasn't operated properly, but we would rejoin if the policies were changed. The Red Carnation Dinner Dance, the pledge skip to Manhattan, Kansas, the Student Senate forum and the co- sponsorship of the Sweetness and Light production for Greek Week activities kept Tau Kappa Epsilon members busy this year. According to Evans, activities such as the three-day Pike's Peak Hill Climb will be planned as part of the summer's rush activities. Other three-day weekends will also be planned. 15 GX THETA CHI - Row 1: Bob Linden (Tres.), John Thomsen (V-P),' John Wilke (Pres.), Tom Jamieson (Sec), Don Leu; Row 2: Bob Sortino, Ron Brasel, Steve Bross, Bill Neal, Bob Boelter, Pete Dosenovich, Bob Mauro, Harv Baker, Gary Tasich; Row 3: Larry Stroud, Randy Smith, Chuch Roubicek, Jim Meier, Doug Clark, John Thornton, Mike Zack, Steve Jacobson; not pictured: Harry Bosse, Jack Daley, Steve Holmstrom, Greg Szynskie, Jim Bullock. THE STRENGTH of the Greek system runs in spurts, said Theta Chi vice-president John Thomsen. Two years ago every fraternity had at least 30 pledges. Now the numbers are much lower. Part of the slump can be blamed on the attitudes of the high schools — no one wants to be tied down to the establishment, and fraternities represent the establishment. At present Theta Chi has no senior members. According to Thomsen, this has hurt them a little. The new executive council is very enthusiastic, but with a lack of experienced senior guidance, we'll probably make quite a few mistakes. Theta Chi has hosted the Greek Week Olympics for the last 13 years; they also choose the Helen of Troy during these festivities. Other activities this year have been the Dinner Dance, the regional conclave, the National Founders' Day Banquet, and Christmas caroling parties for St. James' Orphanage and Child- ren's Hospital. For the last three blood drives members of Theta Chi have also won the blood trophy which represents the group who has donated the most blood. Organized this year, the Theta Chi little sister group, the Chevaliers, has about 25 members. They help fraternity men with rush parties and studies. This year they sold ads to local businessmen for the Theta Chi Olympics program books. Most of the girls in the Chevaliers are dating or engaged to Theta Chi's. 16 @X Olympics Results Fraternity Mattress Race: Lambda Chi Alpha Tug-of-War: Pi Kappa Alpha Pyramid: Sigma Phi Epsilon Surprise Event (Balloon Busting): Lambda Chi Alpha Overall Winner: Lambda Chi Alpha Sorority Three-legged Race: Alpha Xi Delta Tug-of-War: Zeta Tau Alpha Pyramid: Zeta Tau Alpha Surprise Event (Balloon Busting): Alpha Xi Delta Overall Winner: Zeta Tau Alpha The special events trophy sponsored by the Four Seasons Lounge went to Sigma Phi Epsilon in the Pyramid competition. Helen of Troy was Zeta Tau Alpha Marie MacBride. THETA CHI CHEVALIERS - Row 1: Jo Borland, Cindy Miller, Cheryl Rowe (Pres.), Barb Carmen, Kathy Coschka, Gordy Dosenovich, Phyllis Pieper; Row 2: Mary Peterson, Libby Keesee, Julie Barna, Becky Beardsley, Debbie Goldin, Lynn Getney, Cheryl Shreeves, Pat Mielke; not pictured: Pat Morris, Laurie Beecroft (V-P), Peggy Karsher (Tres.), Jeanine Giller, Cindy Drakulich, Kathy Sullivan, Mary Jochim. ALPHA LAMBDA DELTA (Women's National Freshman Honor Society) — Pam Harm (Tres.), Sandy Brown (V-P), Kathy Lampercht, Linda Anderson (Pres.), Debbie Hill (Sec), Linda Burright, Cindy Bennett. From Alpha to Omega UNO joiners are the FACES OF ACTIVITY ANGEL FLIGHT — Row 1: Paulette Conner, Cindy Gerdano, Donna Schwieger, Phyllis Vacek, Pat Tilley; Row 2: Sherri Portis, Sue Echtenkamp, Patty Donnan, Jean Elliott, Laura Havelka, Barb Enquist. ORGANIZATIONS ON the UNO campus suffer from a lack of active participants, but not per- haps any more so than organiza- tions on other campuses. Honor- aries, as usual, are being criticized as non-functional, non-purposeful organi- zations, and many students feel the wide majority of organization joiners are only doing so in order to get an addi- tional picture in the yearbook or a stockpile of activities listed for their social fraternity or sorority. Nevertheless, there are many such groups on every college campus today. Some groups such as the Karate Club demand active participation, and some groups such as Omicron Delta Kappa, men's national leadership honorary, de- mand a less active participation. Many groups meet weekly; many rarely meet, and when they do, the membership turn-out is minimal. Regardless of the motive for joining the purpose of the club, or the activity AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS - Row 1 : Wilbert Beran, Steve Pegler, David L. Johnson, Harry R. Owen, Steven H. Bottom, Anthony J. Biazis, Jr., Lawrence F. Carey, J. A. Guglielmo, Don Johnson, Dr. J. V. Benak (Advisor); Row 2: Melvin R. Cerny, Steven W. Zuckweiler, Jack Monzingo (Pres.), Tom Wiehl, Hal Chase. ARNOLD AIR SOCIETY - Row 1: Nolan Saarem (Operation), Jerry Hammon, Donald Koubsky, Randy Lanning, Chris Darrell; Row 2: Pat Anderson, Wayne Russell, Jim Naughtin (Comptroller), Jim Zbylut (Commander), Ken Gay lord. or inactivity represented, the following pages include the names and faces of those campus groups interested and organized enough to want a picture in the magazine. Brief explanations of the organizations are given where such infor- mation was made available by the organization at the request of the Tomahawk. ANGEL FLIGHT Angel Flight, an auxiliary of Arnold Air Society, is basically a service organi- zation for the military, the community and the university. Special projects for this year included organizing the Prison- er of War petition drive and sending cookies to an Air Force squadron in Thailand. Yearly events were: the Christmas hospitality table at Offutt Air Force Base; the Toys for Tots drive; blood drives; Junior Jets Day (taking boys from the Omaha Home for Boys to the UNO homecoming football game); serving coffee and donuts to veterans on Veterans' Day; and a style show held in the spring. DELTA SIGMA PI Representatives of Delta Sigma Pi this year gave a $1000 check to UNO Presi- dent Kirk E. Naylor to provide a scholarship for a student in the UNO College of Business Administration. This professional fraternity for men majoring in business administration started the scholarship last spring. It was named the Dr. Wayne M. Higley Scholar- ship Fund in honor of Dr. Higley, a UNO professor of accounting and the fraternity's adviser. Money for the fund is raised through the Discover Omaha project sponsored by the fraternity. Students use book- keeping and advertising skills, as well as techniques of good salesmanship, as they sell coupons which entitle the owner to discounts on specified items offered by Omaha merchants. Coupon books sell for $1 apiece. The drive is conducted in BETA ALPHA PSI (Accounting Honorary) - Maurice Shanby, Robert Pedersen, Virginia Hahn, John Dappen, James Kolm. CHRISTIAN SCIENCE ORGANIZATION - Jim Velehradsky, Chris Adams, Louise Lewis, Hazel Church (Pres.). I 23 COUNCIL FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — Row 1: Mary Quedensley, Susan Toohey, Karen Mullen, Kathy Johnson, Margaret Sova; Row 2: Jim Johnson, Pat Mimick, Debbie Meade, Judy Siref. DELTA SIGMA PI (Men's Business Fraternity) - Row 1 : Mike Dinan, Thomas Townsend; Row 2: Ron Kowtecky, Greg Biga, Pat Johnson, Jim Preston, Rich Nigro, Eric Turille; Row 3: Fred Kottmann (V P), Tom Berger, Bill Anderson, Gary Domet, Chuck Peck, Tom Hutchinson (Sec), Roger Bunz, Dean Beatty; Row 4: Barry Schonlau, Chuck Brix, Terry Gerweck, Bill Lane, Mike O'Mara, Ron Dyrda, John McGann, Rusty Schwartze, Tom Hemphill, Bill Fraley (Pres.), Bill Beckwith (Sr. V-P), Jim Richter, John Kruger, Al Kucera, Joe Ford. 24 the fall, and funds collected are used not only for the scholarship but also for a trip to Denver, Colo., over the semester break during which time stu- dents talk to management personnel at various businesses. Bill Fraley of Crescent, la., is Delta Sigma Pi president. Lamont Wallin was in charge of sales last fall, and John Neesen is treasurer. GAMMA THETA UPSILON Stimulating interest in geography as a field of knowledge and as a career are the primary undertakings of the Gamma Chi Chapter of Gamma Theta Upsilon, the International Geographic Honor Society. Continuing programs of geographic concern are available to both the regular members and associate members (those lacking extensive course work and or sufficiently high grade point averages in geography). This year the chapter participated in two field trips, a banquet featuring urban scholar Dr. Jean Gottman of Oxford University, and monthly meet- ings with guest lecturers. The group also sponsors an annual picnic in May. GRADUATE STUDENT ASSOCIATION The purpose of the Graduate Student Association (GSA) is twofold: first, to promote academic excellence and intel- lectual development among students in the Graduate College, and, secondly, to facilitate communication among the vari- ous disciplines within the Graduate Col- lege and between graduate students, faculty and administration. The graduate students, through repre- sentatives in the GSA, serve on many student and university committees. The GSA executive council also meets monthly with Dean of the Graduate College Elton S. Carter. The GSA continually seeks to reflect the unique needs of the graduate stu- dents at an urban university, and this ■SI GAMMA THETA UPSILON (Geography Honor Fraternity) - Collin Fallat, William Putnam, Carl Lindberg (Pres.), Gary Henton (Tres.), Frank Tang, Larry Chow. year GSA aided in the on-campus speak- er program by co-sponsoring a lecture by historian Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. KARATE CLUB The purpose of the UNO Karate Club, formed in the fall of 1969, is to give its members a chance to learn and practice Tae Kwon Do. Tae Kwon Do is a type of Korean karate considered to be the ultimate in unarmed self-defense, according to UNO Karate instructor and 2nd degree Black Belt Pete Shinyeda. The club is open to all students, male and female. Dues are $15 per semester, and classes are held each Sunday from 12 noon until 2 p.m. in the Women's Physical Education Building quonset hut. President of the club is Bob Bod- nar, and Dr. Ray Guenther, UNO physics professor and member of the club, is the organization's sponsor. GRADUATE STUDENT ASSOCIATION - Mona Kollbaum (Improvement of Instruction Committee), Michael Hawkins (V-V-P), Carl Lindberg (Pres.), Martin Warwick (Sec), Pamela Lind (Executive Council), Bill Uhler (Library Committee). HOME ECONOMICS CLUB - Row 1: Chris Christensin, Ruth Ridder, Nancee Catania, Pat Johnston; Row 2: Jean Bracken, Jane Johnson, Lyn Korolko, Judy Haselhorst, Susie Poulsen, Jane Balderston, Cathy Cummins; Row 3: Diane Stark, Maxine Baumert, Linda Hubner, Barbara Stillmock, Phyllis Pieper, Mrs. Cramer. INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC ENGINEERS - Row 1: Jerry Kavan, Les Ward, Jerry McNulty, Ken Sedlacek; Row 2: Bing Chen, Ed Meredith, Wayne Moore, Dale Diamond, Ronn Houtz, Frank Wolazak. LAMBDA ALPHA EPSILON Lambda Alpha Epsilon, a National Professional Criminal Justice Fraternity, is dedicated to the furtherance of pro- fessional standards of law enforcement and the fostering of fraternal assistance and understanding of the problems and objectives of law enforcement agencies. Membership in the fraternity is com- posed of persons who are employed in an area concerned with the administra- tion of criminal justice, persons honor- ably retired from a criminal justice career, and persons enrolled in a course of study in this field at an accredited college or university. The executive committee meets three times a year, and its journal is published quarterly. The local UNO chapter spon- sors talks on all phases of law enforce- ment, shows films, and plans tours of various law enforcement facilities. While the fraternity remains strictly non-political, its members are made acutely aware of legislation made for curbing crime, and they endeavor to keep abreast of changes in the law affecting their field of criminal justice. 26 NATIONAL HONOR SOCIETY FOR POLICE SCIENCE The purpose of this organization is to recognize and promote high scholarship among students actively engaged in col- legiate preparation for professional police service. It is also useful in estab- lishing in the public mind the benefit and necessity of professional police training. Members in the group consist of Law Enforcement and Corrections majors with undergraduates possessing at least a 2.5 Grade Point Average (GPA) and graduate students a 3.0 GPA. OMICRON DELTA KAPPA ODK, a national leadership honor society for college men, recognizes and encourages the achievement of exem- plary character and superior quality in scholarship and leadership. ODK has 116 chapters in universities across the United States. At last year's annual national convention, Fernando Mesa of the UNO chapter was elected student deputy for this region. A regional meeting is tenta- tively set for next fall at the UNO campus. Current president of ODK is Pat Anderson. Advisers are Dean of Stu- dent Personnel Donald J. Pflasterer and Dr. Francis M. Hurst, UNO psychology professor. PHI ETA SIGMA Phi Eta Sigma, men's national fresh- man honor society, is a select group of students who because of their 3.5 grade point average (or above) belong to this national organization. According to Phi Eta Sigma President Mike Blankenship, the membership's interest lie in the areas of wine, women and school. PHI MU ALPHA Phi Mu Alpha, men's professional musicians' honorary, celebrated its 20th anniversary this year. The organization stresses professional endeavors in the musical realm; Phi Mu Alpha does, how- KAPPA DELTA PI (Education Honor Society) - Sally Ganem (Sec), Steve Kupcho (V-P), Cindy Green (Pres.). KARATE CLUB - Row 1: Peter Shinyeda (Instructor), Dr. John Kasher, Dr. Raymond Guenther, Bob Bodnar (Pres.); Row 2: Brett V. Kettelhut, Paul Jackman, Mark Mimick, Dave Tritchler, Rick Erdei; Row 3: Bill Gavers, Doyle Florke, Peter McKernan, Steve Erdei, Randy Neal. 27 LAMBDA ALPHA EPSILON (Law Enforcement Fraternity) - Row 1 : Jerry McRee, Jane Tooley, Bob Belitz, Sherri Portis, Janes DeMeulmeister (Pres.), Jim Walkenhorst, Lee Hollander (Tres.), Willie Clark; Row 2: Mark Johnson, John Janca, Emil Wohrli, Don Crinklaw, Bob Lappe, Ed Christiansen, Dick Wilson, L. R. Bassi, Donald Hempel; not pictured: Phyllis Meggers (Sec). MATH CLUB — Row 1: Georgia Ziemba (Pres.); Row 2: Martha McGuire, Fred Sablan; Row 3: Charles Warden (Adviser), Bob Erdelt; Row 4: Mike Blankenship. ever, have regularly scheduled social events and activities. Several UNO faculty and student members represent various organizations such as the UNO marching and concert bands, choir, chamber singers, brass choir, Town and Gown Orchestra and the Omaha Symphony and Omaha Opera Company as well. Phi Mu Alpha sponsors the UNO Lab Band, a 20-member ensemble that has performed at surrounding area schools and some UNO events as Ma-ie Day concerts and university concerts. Phi Mu Alpha is a member of the UNO Friends of Music association and was actively involved in working with various groups and legislators in attempt- ing to raise appropriations for the forth- coming Fine Arts Center. The group is MUSIC EDUCATORS NATIONAL CONFERENCE - Row 1: Lynda Summers, Rita Henderson (Sec.-Tres.), Judy Huxford (Pres.), Emily Jane Stevens, Mike Helgesen, Phyllis Dunne; Row 2: Raymond Trenholm (Faculty Sponsor), John L. Bohrer (Faculty). NATIONAL HONOR SOCIETY FOR POLICE SCIENCE - Row 1: Verne McClurg (Adviser), John J. McDonough III (Tres.), Jerry McRee (Pres.), James Moree (Sr. V-P), Robert Vogt (Sec); Row 2: Sam Altschul, Ed Christiansen, Dick Myers, Roger Fry, Julius Brain, Fred Hover; not pictured: John McFarlane. 29 UNIVERSITY NEWMAN UNION - Row 1: Ed Stroesser (Pres.), Chris Olson (V-P), Fran Stroesser (Sec), Larry Huelsman (Social Chairman); Row 2: Fr. Val Peter (Chaplain), Willy Benan, Patty Barry, Mike Wilken, Maria Prusa, Mike Blankenship, Marie Kurmel, Patty Harris, Diane Gross, Harold Chadwell. currently active in promoting funding for facilities and equipment for the new music building. Officers this year are: John Stanton, president; David Miller, vice-president; Bill Von Rentzell, secretary; and Bill Gilinsky, treasurer. Faculty adviser is Professor Reginald Shive. SIGMA ALPHA ETA Sigma Alpha Eta, the speech and hearing society, is an organization for students in speech pathology and deaf education. The Zeta Xi chapter at UNO received its national charter in November. Last February, the organization spon- sored a symposium on the speech and hearing disorders of children with cleft palate. Harold Westlake, Ph.D., from Northwestern University was guest speaker. Other local professionals also contributed. In the spring of this year, Sigma Alpha Eta also sponsored hearing tests for the community. This year's president was Gail Christensen. STUDENT EDUCATION ASSOCIATION SEA provides informative programs, speakers and films for students in the College of Education. Projects of SEA this year centered around the drug prob- lem, ecology and educational develop- ments. SEA encouraged members t o serve as volunteers for the Indian Center, Manpower for Urban Progress, the Boys' Club and Girl Scouts. The greatest response of members was to- ward the tutoring program at the Indian Center. Once a week members tutored the children on a one-to-one basis. Most of those participating found the experi- ence to be a valuable and rewarding one. 30 ORCHESIS - Row 1: Karen Hayes, Verlanda Thompson, Vivette Pullum; Row 2: Karen Peterson, Donna Minarik, Diane Spotswood, Gail Jones, Margie Siref, Maggie Hollingsed; Row 3: Marv Alff, Indian, Perly Schoville. SEA also provides the opportunity for socializing among members who in- tend to go into the same profession. Another aspect of SEA is the annual conventions; this year they were held at the College of St. Mary and the Castle Hotel in Omaha. The conventions, which draw members from outstate Nebraska, provide discussion of topics of mutual interest to all education majors. STUDENT PROGRAMMING ORGANIZATION This year the Student Programming Organization (SPO) received a $63,000 budget to book cultural and entertain- ment events for students. Quality reigned over quantity on the schedule of student programming. The PEN AND SWORD SOCIETY - Row 1: John McFarlane, Jack Coleman (Pres.), Thomas Feuerborn, Charles Dunn; Row 2: Louis Bowring, Michael Foley, Michael Yelland, Edward Christiansen, Stefan Pollack, Edmund Kedzierski. 32 PH! ALPHA THETA (History Honorary) - Pat Rousseau, Wayne Bainbridge, Frederick Adrian, A. Stanley Trickett, Ramona Kollbaum, Tom Grahek, Mike Harkins, Mary Heck. emphasis was toward relatively unknown and low cost talent. Sponsored by SPO, David Steinberg and Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., performed before enthusiastic, standing-room-only audiences last semester. SPO also spon- sored homecoming and Ma-ie Day enter- tainment this year. The Flamin' Groovies, Dan Hicks and his Hot Licks, 87-year-old blues singer Son House, guitarist Leo Kottke, Loose Gravel, Seals and Crofts, and the Young- bloods were just some of the entertain- ment brought to UNO by SPO this year. Perhaps the most powerful perform- ance of the year was delivered by black vocalist Roberta Flack, who nearly brought the roof down in her February performance. SPO saw the resignation of its presi- dent Jim Craven in April followed by the instatement of a new president Greg Classen. The major force, however, be- hind this year's program has been attrib- uted to the addition of Student Activi- ties Coordinator Rick David as Student Programming Organization adviser. PHI CHI THETA (Women's Business Honorary) - Row 1: Pat Pruss, Janet Belle; Row 2: Jinny Hahn, Barbara Riva, Mary Jean Long, Tere Umhoefer; Row 3: Linda Glintborg (Pres.), Alice Overfelt, Eileen Schnase, Monica Umhoefer. 33 PHI ETA SIGMA (Men's National Freshman Honor Society) — Mike Blankenship (Pres.), Roger Luce, Gary Ritter, Don Valalik; not pictured: Tom Tosoni (V-P). PHI ML) ALPHA (Sinfonia Fraternity of Ameri- ca) - Row 1: John Stanton (Pres.), David Miller (V-P); Row 2: Robert Grice, Reginald Schive (Faculty Advisor), David M. Farrand, David Peyton; Row 3: Bill Trabold, Tom Bates, Gregg Fettin, Larry Revenaugh. RECREATION AND PARKS - Ed Morehouse, Dick Downing, Ed Wegner, John Pecha, Steve Haborak. RHO EPSILON (Real Estate Fraternity) - Row 1: C. Glenn Lewis, Larry Bokelman (Sec), John McGann (V-P), Pat Allerheiligen, Steven Means (Pres.), Susan Johnson, Thomas Scholtis, Donald Coughlin, Gary Domet; Row 2: Alvin Nelson, Bill Rischling, Harry Lichtenstien, Mike Me.ches, Charley Ohlan, Charles Wathen, Fred Link, Robert Dudzinski, Bob Reichwein, Mahlon Sorensen. David indicated he is looking forward to additional cultural activities next year similar to this year's Black Heritage Week activities. He also indicated there will be an increased emphasis on speak- ers and lecturers. STUDENT GOVERNMENT Resignations of Student Senate and Student Court members, an investigation into alleged discrimination in Chi Omega membership rules, a vote to drop the UNO mascot Ouampi the Indian, action on three election irregularities and alloca- tion of the entire Student Activities Budget of $289,941 marked the concerns of student government this year. Early this fall the Senate treated the constitutionality of last spring's election of Steve Wild as President and the Stu- dent Court tried the constitutionality of a referendum on the People's Peace Treaty and legality of homecoming princess election procedures. More election diffi- culties arose this spring while voting to fill next year's 30 senatorial positions resulted in duplicate voting. Many students felt the Senate's handl- ing of budget appropriations was to be commended. Highlights of appropriations included: cutting appropriations for the College of Continuing Studies CCS News, a separate campus newspaper directed toward adult and bootstrapper interests; denying money for next year's leadership retreat (based on the poor attendance at SIGMA ALPHA ETA (Speech Pathology) - Row 1: Haidee Foust, Kathy Johnson, Pat Mimick (Tres.); Row 2: Mary DeShazer, Gail Christensen (Pres.), Debbie Meade (V-P), Mary Tompkins, Rosemary Haley. V 35 SKI CLUB - Row 1: Pat Watson, Rosemary Klug, Roz Evans, Kathi Gustafson, Mary Jean Long, Florence Hart; Row 2: John Cody, Debby Runnels, Roger Tunis, Laura Kavanaugh, Rosalie Pelisiak, Don White, Dan Gustafson, Bob Schmill, Mike Hamilton, Skip Garrett, Melvin Haskins; Row 3: Marion Novak, Ralph Klug, Wayne Mattson, Dave Gill, Mike Nestander, Ray Woods, Barb Wasko, Don Schmitz, Ron Lickert; Not Pictured: Boe Swift, Jan Nemecek, Steve Snail, Jim Storjohann, Joyce Klingforth, Rich Ryba, Paul Knoll, Bob Ryba, Don Catlin, Bob Anderson, Tom Crews, Jack Filipowski, Marylin Elliot, Vickie Youngren, Denise Sortino, Pat Blankenship, Mary Pusateri, Moe Massara. this year's retreat, as well as a heated controversy concerning missing funds from the retreat); axing money for in- dividual organizations' awards banquets; and increasing athletic scholarships and the SPO budget. STUDENT PUBLICATIONS The student newspaper, the Gateway, also had a difficult year, thanks to government — both student and state. Following a controversy of the printing of an abortion referral service ad in the paper, the University of Nebraska Re- gents took an opinion poll on the Gate- way. In February, Nebraska legislator Terry Carpenter initiated a bill to cutoff university subsidy to campus newspapers, and UNO Student Body President Steve Wild tried to bring the Gateway under student government control. Eventually the abortion controversy died; Senator Carpenter's bill was watered down, and the Student Senate defeated Wild's bill. Despite criticism, the Gateway saw one of its most lucrative seasons due to efforts of business manager Mike Meiches. The Tomahawk, also a member of student publications, was converted to a thrice-yearly magazine format. Although publication difficulties arose, next year's magazine editor Rich Brown hopes to iron them out this summer. STUDENT PROGRAMMING ORGANIZATION - (seated around table) Greg Classen (Pres.), Jeff Richardson, Mike Hamilton, Mike Murphy, Bob Blair, Howard Borden, Bonnie Connor, Carol Strother, Debbie Runnels, Rick David (Activities Director). STU DENT COU RT - Terrill Clements, Sam Altschul, Carl Lindberg. 1 I u - i « STUDENT PUBLICATIONS - Bob Knudson (lying down); Row 2: Mike Meiches, Julie Salem, Tim Connelly; Row 3: Alan Gendler, John Windier; Row 4: Bev Parisot, Todd Simon, Geri Teteak; Row 5: Stan Carter, Sue Peterson, Steve Priesman, Dave Mack, Les McKim, Rich Brown. STUDENT SENATE - Row 1 : Wayne Wiley, Linda Radachi, Donna Schwieger, Jeanine Giller, Mary Jane Lohmeier, Colleen Murphy, Mary Weiss, Tom Hutchinson; Row 2: Doug Engebretson, Gil Uhler, Cliff Herd, Steve Heck, Jim Tyler, Bob Zussman, Bob Binderup, J oh Windier; Row 3: Ted Armfield, John Lohmeier, Dan Powers, Chuck Brix, Greg Knudsen. : 1 t'J 1 1 I ! ; | I YOUNG DEMOCRATS (Executive Committee) - Dave Newell (V-P), Kay Brown (State V-P), Bob Harris (Tres.), Jeff Rentier (Pres.). Not pictured: Shawn Reding (Sec). YOUNG REPUBLICANS - Row 1: Sally Ganem, Linda Radachi, Susan Matney (Corresponding Sec), Kathy Cain (Recording Sec), Sue Clawson; Row 2: Bill Lane (Pres.), Craig Clawson, Jim Preston (2nd V-P), John McGann, Gary Domet, Chuck Brix (1st V-P), Rusty Schwartze, J . C. Casper, Dan Arrington. YOUNG DEMOCRATS This year was election year for Omaha, and Young Democrats participated in campaign activities. The main function of a political organization on a college campus is to help the senior party gain seats in office. Those who join YD's help pass out brochures and pamphlets in support of party candidates, canvass door-to-door, and attend party conven- tions. YD's sent about five students to the state Democratic Convention this year; about three of them were delegates. YD's also hold monthly meetings at which time speakers address the students concerning political processes. They also sponsor talks given to the entire student body by candidates running for state or city offices. This year YD's brought Congres- sional candidate John Hlavacek and Senatorial candidate Frank Morrison to campus to speak. Membership fees for joining the YD's is $1.50. The organization has been con- 38 YOUNG VETERANS - Row 1: Paul Dolan, Herman Timm (V-P), Bob Irlbeck, Phil Stone, Jim Preston, Steve Estes, Mike Maher; Row 2: Bob Green, Del Smock, Paul Kilburg (Pres.), Dennis Renander, Ron Kosse, Jerry Gaul, Marvin Souchek (State V-P), Clayton Beck, Larry Belfiore (Sec), Joe Guglielmo, Don Johnson. centrating on a mem bership drive for the past semester in preparation for the 1972 presidential election. YOUNG REPUBLICANS Young Republicans are involved with preparations for the 1972 elections. In the November 1970 elections each of the Young Republicans worked for the candidate of his choice. Campaign work consists of handing out fliers, distributing bumper stickers and recruiting campaign workers. . YR's sponsor all-university speakers. This year they brought former Nebraska Governor Norbert Tiemann. The group also encourages its members to work through the system in order to achieve changes no matter how tedious it may seem. Membership fees for YR's are $2.50 per person. One dollar of the fee goes toward the local charter, and $1.50 is used for organizational costs such as posters and fliers and mailing. WOMEN'S PHYSICAL EDUCATION SOCIETY - Row 1: Pat Kinsella (V-P), Rose Riley (Pres.), Donna Minarik (Sec); Row 2: Sue Greguras, Cindy Minardi, Debby Erpelding, Karen Peterson, Ginny Tworek; Row 3: Barb Dodendorf, Cheryll Mertz, Shirley Anderson, Julie Armetta, Tana Taylor, Betty Jacobsen, Georgeann Parizek. 39 From the track to the mat UNO ATHLETICS NEEDS MONEY WE NEED more money! is a cry heard often from groups around this university. The UNO athletic depart- ment is no exception. Last year's athletic budget totalled $35,000 in student funds, all of which were earmarked for athletic scholarships. Next year the athletic de- partment hopes to receive a recommend- ed 35 per cent increase to $47,500. Increased tuition and the desirability of having an athletic program which is competitive with others in the confer- ence prompted the Student Activities Budget Commission to recommend the increase to the Student Senate by a 4-0 vote. All scholarship funds must come from donations, gate receipts, program income, and student allocations, according to Sports Information Director Fred Gerardi. State law does not permit tax money to be used for athletic scholar- ships, he added. What does the average student receive in return for his money? All full time students are admitted to regularly scheduled events, approximately 40 year- ly. Unfortunately, athletic officials have BASKETBALL - Row 1: Bob Hanson (Head Coach), Daryl Petersen, Duane Taylor, Dave Ksiazek, Bob Wilson (Coach); Row 2: Wayne Wagner (Trainer), Paul Sieczkowski, Mark Langer, Henry Barry, Bob Kennedy, Carl Vittitoe (Equipment Manager); Row 3: Art Allen, Rick Gwaltney, Merlin Renner, Roger Woltkamp, Jim Scott. no way of determining the number of students who take advantage of this opportunity. Gerardi insists, however, that students get a bargain for their money. Athletics don't have to be justified on a cost basis, said Gerardi. They're just as important to physical education majors as plays are to drama majors. But the cost factor remains. Since the university is facing a not-uncommon cash shortage, all expenses are being carefully scrutinized. Again athletics is no excep- tion. In many instances, the UNO football Basketbal 1 , 1970-71 Season UNO Opponent 82 St. Benedict's 62 94 Morningside 68 93 Kearney State 102 102 Buena Vista 83 93 Peru State 87 74 Pittsburg State 90 84 Whittier 87 82 MacAlester 83 84 Simon Fraser 91 73 Washburn 86 86 Fort Hays State 81 88 Buena Vista 81 75 Northern Colorado 66 77 Southern Colorado 72 101 Doane 104 80 Wayne State 79 69 Emporia State 70 74 Fort Hays State 99 59 Pittsburg State 73 95 Emporia State 87 81 Rockhurst 66 71 Northern Colorado 85 77 Southern Colorado 84 95 Washburn 84 Final Record: (12-12-0) Chico State Tournament UNO took 8th place DIAMOND DARLINGS - Row 1: Cheryl Shreeves; Row 2: DuRell Dici, Cheri Jacobsen, Phyllis CROSS COUNTRY - Row 1: Dave Micheels, Kassmeier Sue Hale (Captain), Debbie Runnels; Not Pictured: Terry Manning. Pat Rinn; Row 2: Mark Wayne, Dave Ogden, Steve Shadle, Mike McCormick. CHEERLEADERS - Row 1: Gail Jones, Julie Armetta, Jeanine Giller, Lloyd Roitstein (Ouampi), Jeannie Ciani, Robyn McNutt, Sue Toohey; Row 2: Jerry O'Hagen, Bob Pennington, Gary Chamberlin, Mic Freis; Row 3: Trudy Marks, Sue Rice (Captain), Beth Stilwell, Jan Schmidt. program bears the brunt of public and university criticism. The program receives over 40 per cent of student allocations and is also at the maximum scholarship level allowed by conference regulations. Because of this, football is the biggest drain on the athletic department's bud- get. The question of UNO's continued participation in intercollegiate football is a legitimate one, however, when this most expensive athletic program is competitive- ly the least successful. UNO is a loser in football. The team loses; the business office loses, and the fans lose. With UNO football scholarships far inferior to those of Lincoln, local talent Final Record: (4-5-1) ♦denote conference games INDIANNES - Laurel Floth, Colleen Carson, Sue Anderson, Kris Norton, Debbie Gehr, Mary Beth Twohey, Marsha Marshall, DuRell Dice, Mary Ehlers, Wendi Meyer, Bonnie Connor, Carol Van Vliet, Nancy Hanson, Joyce Klingforth, Joyce Belik, Kathy Bauman, Barb Carman, Linda Anderson, Betsy Parks, Sue Jaksich, Nancy Rice, Marianne Santi. FOOTBALL - Row 1 : Al Caniglia (Head Coach), Mark Meehan, Rich Jensen, Ken Fish, Nate Station, Pete Smagacz, Rocco Gonnella, Saul Ravenell, Lou Kessler, Al Moss, Art Scott, Charlie McWhorter, Tony Martinez (Assistant Trainer); Row 2: Don Benning (Assistant Coach), Dale Rubesh, Jerry Newville, Phil Wise, Mike Giancaspro, Rich Surber, Pat Herron, Jim Kros, Tom Vincentini, Don Franklin, Mel Washington, Terry Hansen, Tom Payne, Larry Huelsman (Student Manager); Row 3: Stan Standifer (Graduate Assistant Coach), Bill Woods, Terry Stickles, Mel Horton, Billy Walker, Jim Laughery, Harry Johnson, Max Malikow, Tim McGill, Pat Ryan, Al Pallone, Fred Tichauer, Dale Becker (Assistant Trainer); Row 4: Nate Davis (Assistant Coach), Dan Jensen, Herman Pearson, Phil Pattavina, Tom Beck, Lou King, Jim Jostes, John Huebscher, Willie Bob Johnson, Art Anderson, Guy Urban, Tony Ross, Carl Meyers (Assistant Coach); Row 5: Wayne Wagner (Trainer), Wyman Irwin, Dan Crnkovich, Mark Poole, Tom Weindenfeller, Tom Shawhan, John Brennan, Rich Luger, Bill Kozel, Gary Kipfmiller, Tex Johnson, Ray Brust, Bill Danenhauer (Assistant Coach). MAJORETTES - Eileen Schnase, Debbie Struthers Whitney, Verlanda Thompson. 45 continues to be drawn to the sister campus 50 miles away. Al Caniglia, UNO football coach, cannot hope to compete with Big Red in Lincoln or even the weekly slate of Omaha high school games. It's not as if nothing at UNO draws attendance, however. Wrestling has shown that Omaha residents and UNO students will support a winner. While less than 1,000 have come to see UNO on the gridiron, standing-room-only crowds have watched the Indian mat men. Basketball is also on the upswing. Although Coach Bob Hanson's cagers fell from their league-leading perch last sea- son, they played good enough basketball to draw crowds. Another aspect supporting the demise of the UNO football program is the magnitude of the space shortage on the Dodge Street campus. Student newspaper editor Dave Mack has endorsed the re- PEPSTERS - Row 1: Jan Bonsignore, Colleen Carson, Verlanda Thompson, Mary Clotfeldter; Row 2: Nancy Rice (Captain), Linda Anderson, Gay Oberg, Sally Kruze, Donna Owen, Barb Carmon, Terry Manning. WOMEN'S SOFTBALL TEAM - Row 1: Mary Jo Miklas, Theresa Synowiecki, Barb Dodendorf, Julie Armetta, Jerry Flynn; Row 2: Miss Claussen (Head Coach), Terese Gehringer, Dee Grindle, Georgeann Parizek, Tana Turner, Betty Jocobsen, Sonja Green (Assistant Coach). PIN-OPS - Row 1: Evelyn Everts (V-P), Mary Ehlers (Pres.), Betsy Parks (Sec.-Tres.); Row 2: Linda Miller, Wendi Meyer, Sue Jaksich; Row 3: Sue Hale, Sharon Russell, Krista Wilcox. TRACK - Row 1: Larry Podojil, Hank Klauschie, Mark Wayne, Dave Micheels, Pat Rinn, Marc Cizek, Steve Shadle, Dave Ogden, Don Tripp, John Hawkins; Row 2: Coach Cardwell, Willie Bob Johnson, Mike McCormick, Jack Comfort, Tex Johnson, Steve Jepsen, Craig Forney, Bob Anderson, Bill Woods, James Laughery, Jim McMahon. conversion of the football field into a parking area. Despite the objections of football fans, Gateway editor Mack feels the presence of the football program at UNO serves only to stifle other legitimate efforts of the athletic department. Said Mack concerning the football program, They've been pouring a lot of money into a lot of nothing for a lot of time, and we're about due for a change. Wrestling, 1970-71 season UNO Opponent 28 SW Minnesota 8 32 Emporia State 6 31 Augustana (III.) 3 33 Central Missouri 3 39 Ohio Northern 2 17 Navy 17 37 Seton Hall 3 35 Montclair State 3 26 Arizona 10 31 Adams State 3 25 South Dakota 9 UNO Opponent 28 Fort Hays State 6 12 Northern Colorado 28 22 Western State 14 34 Wayne State 6 24 NE Missouri 14 26 Eastern Illinois 12 Tournaments: UNO Invitational— 2nd place RMAC Tournament— 3rd place NAI A Tournament— 3rd place Final Dual-Meet record: (15-1-1) WRESTLING - Row 1 : Carl Vittitoe (Equipment Manager), Don Benning (Head Coach), Wayne Wagner (Trainer); Row 2: Aaron Doolin, Dennis Cozad, Jimmy Brown, Jordan Smith, Nate Phillips, Mike Estes, Landy Waller, Jay Lillenthorup, Gene Koberg, Paul Martinez, Jerry Newville; Row 3: Bill Danenhauer (Assistant Coach), Quentin Horning, Ken Fish, Jack Welch, Linwood Coffin, Ray Brust, Randy Thatcher, Gary Kipfmiller, Bernie Hospodka, Tony Ross, Fred Sacco, Rich Emsick, Mel Washington, Tony Martinez (Student Manager), Curlee Alexander (Graduate Assistant Coach). The common denominator in any relationship could be said to be fear, Abels, Michael H. Abernethy, Jay F. Abrahamson, Stephen R. Abram, Charlotte A. Adams, Donald F. Adams, Robert L. Addison, Charles B. Adelman, Philip J. Aken, Bill M. Albano, Alfonso, Jr. Alexander, Charles E. Allbritton, Billy J. Allen, George L. Allerheiligen, P. A. Allerton, Mary J. Altschul, Sam Amick, David B. Anania, Sharon K. Anderson, James A. 50 or perhaps love, or if you're lucky, understanding. Anderson, James F. Jr. Anderson, Janet L. Anderson, Robert F. Anderson, Timothy W. Andress, Frances L. Angeli, Raymond S. Anzalone, Alfred M. Arnold, Patricia A. Ashbacher, Allen F. Ashworth, Jimmy P. Askins, Lee Atwood, Eugene G. Aucoin, Margaret G. Augustyn, Phil R. Babcock, Gerald A. 51 But more often than not, the common denominator is Babendure, Susan K. Badger, James L. Jr. Bailey, Arthur W. Bailey, William J. Baker, Bonnie J . Baker, Robert W. Ballard, Robert L. Baltzer, Bobbi M. Banks, Lyda H. Bantz, Glenn E. Barker, Janet W. Barnard, John Q. Jr. Barrington, James W. Barton, Forrest E. Basilico, Frank J. Bauer, Joseph L. Beck, Clayton R. 52 loneliness. Beck, Gordon N. Beck, Sidney P. Becker, Andrew P. Becker, Robert A. Beckman, Rodney B. Beckwith, William J. Beeler, Carlton E. Benak, Vojmir F. Bennett, Geraldine V. Bennett, Merle L. Benton, Robert C. Berka, Gary L. Berka, Robert J. Binderup, Robert D. Bird, Ken M. Bisciotti, Charles P. 53 Freud discovered it, and Eliot wrote about it. We are all learning together — afraid to fall down and unable to prevent it. Boyer, Bernard L. Boyle, Richard L. Boysen, Miriam K. Bracken, Jean E. Braddock, William R. Bradford, Ann G. Bradford, Billy C. Brain, Julius A. Brandt, Harlyn Branning, Thomas E. Brasseur, Gary V. Brayman, Jeannie S. Brechtel, Jon A. Brennan, John J . Brewster, David H. Jr. Bringuel, Andrew J. 55 (in line with the conventional ideas of getting ahead), Bryant, Robert G. Bucher, Floyd E. Buchholtz, William H. Buckingham, William H. Burdette, James W. Burdsall, Gary E. Burger, Ludwig Burgess, Gilbert Bush, Kelton J. Bushnell, Wilfred F. Butkus, Terry T. Butler, Johnny E. Cagle, Lloyd L. Cain, Michael W. Caldwell, Connie J . Callahan, James E. Canelli, William J. 57 there are times when we are not sure whether we are doing the right thing. Caniglia, Chuck R. Carey, Richard D. Carlson, Maragaret A. Case, Kenneth W. Castro, David J. Cavenaugh, Durwood E. Chaffin, Curtis E. Jr. Chambers, Dorothy A. Chambers, Jay W. Chapman, Richard D. Chappell, Terri J . Chase, Hal K. Chilelli, John L. Christensen, Chris M. Christensen, Gail P. Christiansen, Edward T. Clapp, Randolph B. Clapper, John W. Jr. Clark, Gordon F. Clark, John T. Clark, William L. 58 Right or not, we are not deterred. But we are apprehensive. Clary, Kathleen L. Classen, Greg M. Clawson, Charles P. Clements, R. C. Jr. Clifton, Dan Cline, William E. Clothier, Sharon J Cochran, James R. Cochran, Postelle Cockle, George R. Cockrum, Randy L Coleman, Jack C. Coles, Timothy G. Colliver, Robert R. Conley, Fredie L. Connor, Elizabeth A. Cook, Edwin E. This concern causes us to reach out for an answer, an answer we can't find within ourselves. Cronin, Cate E. Cronin, Jeannine Cross, Nancy M. Crowley, James W. Cuba, Frank J. Cummins, Cathy Current, Christine J . Czyz, James E. Dahir, James P. Dahl, Brian J. Daizell, William J. Danahy, Edward M. Daniel, Otys F. Danley, Eric L. Dappen, John R. Darnell, William I. Darrell, F. L. Jr. Daschle, Laurie S. Davidson, Allen E. 61 It can't be found in an employment agency Davidson, Jay P. Davies, Paul Davis, Charles W. Davis, John W. Davis, Marvin D. Davis, Pamela J. Deal, William C. Dean, J ohn D. Dean, Sally R. Dear, Earlene J. Deason, Lee H. DeLar, Robert J. DeLaune, J oseph E. Dellere, Nancy J. Dempsey, Patricia I. 62 or be resolved by the letter of induction sent by the local draft board. We try to find the answer in some other person. We lean together. Draper, Floyd L. Duffey, David L. Duhn, Elmer D. Dumas, Windell M. Dumke, Melvin A. Dumont, Douglas G. Dunker, E. Mark Dunn, Charles E. Dunne, Phyllis B. Durrie, Douglas H. Dusatko, A. Anthony Easter, James A. Eberhardt, Lawrence Jr. Edwards, Andrew J. Edwards, Cleveland H. Eldridge, Virgil R. Elliott, Ronald L. Ellis, Martin A. Epperson, James Jr. 64 But is this the solution to our dilemma? i ( v - Erdelt, Robert L. Erickson, Brian A. Erickson, James O. Espree, Allen J. Estes, Stephen B. Etter, James L. Evans, William C. Fast, Iris M. Fast, Martin Fedman, Phyllis A. Felthauser, Ronald L. Ferguson, James E. Fernandez, Alberto F. Ferra, Peter F. Fiebig, Heinz Fiorelli, Louis J. Fitzgerald, James R. Fix, Lawrence A. Foglio, Anthony C. 65 In our earlier years in college we were encouraged to join clubs and organizations — Forbes, Oksina Forinash, Robert J. Fortenberry, Cleveland Fortner, Stephen L. Foster, William W. Foust, Haidee I. Fox, Bernice E. Franklin, Don J. Franzese, Robert J. Frederickson, Sally A. Freeman, J oanne L. Fried, Ellen M. Fritsche, Donald J. Fry, Roger N. Fuller, Larry R. Galusha, Patricia R. 66 to become a fraternity brother or a sorority sister. Ganem, Sally Garcia, Fredrick V. Gardner, J ohn D. Gardner, Robert L. Gardner, Vicki Gargano, Anthony H. Garland, David R. Garner, Laura L. Garofolo, Ronald J. Garza, Jorge R. Gaul, Gerald L. Gauvreau, Leo ] . Gavers, William A. George, Robert I. Gerard, Joseph H. Gerber, Robert M. Gerweck, Terry L. 67 Do you remember the time when you were required to get a date for the spring formal, Gibler, Edward J. Gifford, Gordon R. If ! , i t m Girchardt, Eric D. F. Glasscock, I ames A. Glintborg, Linda L. Godwin, Charles R. Goldberg, Marvin S. Goldsberry, Gerald G. Golemis, Denis Gomez, Larry M. 68 and you told your big brother you couldn't make it? Gonzalez, Jaime A. Goodwin, James B. Gould, Carol A. Graham, B. W. Grant, Mary M. Graves, Charles H. Green, Cynthia A. Greene, Walter H. Griffin, Vernon Grimm, Julie A. Gruidel, M. Kathy Guglielmo, Joseph A. Gilroy, Cynthia H. Gullo, Vincent J. Gum, Joseph L. Gum, Tony A. Gumm, Donald J. 69 You might not remember what he said, 70 but who could forget the expression on his face? Hamsa, Jeanne Hanks, Charles E. I Hanna, Karen A. j Harder, Robert W. j Harding, John S. | Hardison, John R. Jr. I Harkins, Lawrence E. Harrington, J. W. Harris, Herma n Harris, Jeffry Harrison, Sherry A. Hart, Peter A. Hart, Terry J. Hartstein, Harold H. Hartwell, Edward C. Harvey, Michael F. Haub, Richard D. 71 Or who would ever admit he hadn't had a date for two months Haynes, Charlene Haynes, Lyle E. Hearron, Robert J. Heimann, Albert J. Hempel, Donald R. Hemphill, Thomas Hemsath, J o Ann Henderson, James E. Henderson, John W. Jr. Henderson, Rita A. Hennegan, Paul M. Herek, Colleen M. Herndon, Fred R. Herndon, Michael G. Herndon, Stanley M. Herzoff, Ronald A. He ss, Gary G. Hetler, Douglas W. Hibbs, Carroll M. 72 for fear of ostracism by his friends? 73 And for those of us who did get involved and kept ourselves active, Hoover, Allen F. Hopewell, Nancy H. Horner, Ronald G. Hover, Cheryl A. Howard, Jane A. Hronek, Virginia E. Huebscher, John M. Huey, Fay H. Hufana, Fe Maria N. Huffman, Dennis G. Huggins, Stella M. Hundelt, Shirli L. Hunt, Mary Anne 74 were we, in fact, running away from ourselves? Hunt, Thomas V. Hunting, William A. Huntsinger, James C Huxford, Judy A. Hybner, Linda K. Hyde, John Q. Iddings, Glenn G. Jackson, Gerard J. Jacobs, William C. Jacobsen, Roger D. Jacobson, Carol S. Jaeger, James P. James, James N. Jampole, David J. Janssen, Christian E Jenkins, John D. Johnson, David L. 75 Paul Simon's Sounds of Silence is concerned about the incoherent echoes which Johnson, Lowell W. Johnson, Mark C. Johnson, Noreen Johnson, S. J . Johnson, Susan L. Johnston, Norbert B. Johnston, Patricia A. Jones, Ronald D. Jones, Stuart R. Jostes, Mary E. Jostes, Patricia Kaczmarek, Kathleen A. Kaercher, Dan F. Kaercher, J ulie W. Karnik, Diane M. Kaser, Terry R. Kasperbauer, Gerald H. Kass, Thomas J. Kasun, James J. 76 fall on the deaf ears of those who refuse to listen. Kay, Bruce F. Kelley, Benjamin F. Kelly, Eugene L. Kelly, Mike T. Kelm, Harold W. Kerndt, Dick W. Kerr, James D. Kilburg, Paul J. Kimzey, Guy S. King, Bruce G. Kinzy, Stephen W. Kirkpatrick, Lyman B. Klima, Kenneth A. Knight, James E. Koch, John R. 77 In the shadows of the cafeteria and the Ouampi Room, a room whose very name no longer exists, 78 comes the steady drone of conve rsation. LaCasse, Charles F. Ladnier, Ralph A. LaFersa, William L. Lagerstrom, Jerry L. Laible, Rod L. Lamb, Thomas L. Lane, Carolyn E. Lane, Michael S. Lappe, Robert E. Lash, Bruce A. Latenser, David B. Laughman, Gary F. Lawn, Edward ). Jr. Lawson, Michael Lee Lee, Carol A. Lee, Marilyn J. Leibner, Kenneth R. Lemasters, Thomas H. Lewallen, Jerry C. Lewis, James Lichtenstein, Gary M. Lockett, Elmer R. Lodes, Marvin E. Loendorf, Walter M. Lohr, Bill H. 79 It's always with the same people and always about the same things. Looney , J udy Lore, Billy J. Loseke, Raymond O. Loyd, William R. Luchsinger, Betty A. Luksa, Robert L. Lund, Gary D. Luongo, J oseph C. Lusienski, J oyce A. Lybarger, Curtis F. Lyons, James J. Mac, Frank A. Mack, David A. Mack, Fredrick H. MacKay, Donald B. Maher, Michael ). 80 What is important is not what is said. 81 What is important is that the conversation continue — to keep the silence out. Matlick, Robert R. Matney, Susan L. Matthews, Edward G. Matteson, Barry H. Mauk, Beverly J. Maxey, William F. McAllister, William E. McCann, Walter A. McCommon, Nell McCormick, Susan K. McDonald, Thomas F. McFadden, Jeffry G. McFarlane, J ohn C. McGann, John M. McGill, John F. McGinn, Paul 82 A silence that cannot be tolerated. Why? McGuire, Herbert J. Sr. McKenna, LeRoy P. McKinney, Lowell T. McMillin, Ray A. McPherson, Joe E. McRee, Jerry A. Meade, Debbie C. Means, Steve J. Mears, Catherine A. Meiches, Mike D. Mercier, Edmund A. Mesa, Fernando Jr. Michaud, Doris R. Micheletto, Josephine Middaugh, Roger E. Milanese, John J. 83 What is the remedy then? Miles, D. R. Miller, Barbara A. Miller, Donald R. Miller, Jack L. Miller, Thomas J . Mills, Charles E. Mimick, Patricia M. Minarik, Carol M. Minnefield, Arthur L. Mohrlock, Nancy A. Monk, Richard W. Monohon, Gary Moon, Marsha L. Moore, David D. Moore, James K. Jr. Moore, John A. Moore, Larry R. Moore, Rodney L. Moorhead, Wesley G. 84 Faith in God? Perhaps. 85 But faith for so many people means belonging to some organized religion — Nelson, H. David Nemecek, Michael J . Nesheim, Donald O. Newman, Paul E. Newville, Jerry Nielsen, Don C. Noack, Lee A. Novotny, Robert J. Nygaard, Eldon E. O'Coin, Joseph M. O'Doherty, Pat Olayode, John A. Olienyk, James D. Olsen, Charles B. Jr. Osborn, Guy L. Oswald, Robert M. 86 mechanical in form and repressive in nature. Otto, Gary B. Owen, Harry R. Owens, Warner R. Palensky, Terry L. Pan, Young S. Parker, David C. Parks, Richard L. Parlin, Robert G. Parr, Ellen M. Paschang, William J. Patterson, Pamela G. Patterson, William L. Patton, Carl R. Pavlas, Nancy J. Pedersen, Carla S. Pedersen, Robert A. Peeler, William R. Perreault, Ronald R. Perryman, Robert S. Persek, Richard J. Peter, Brakeley W. Peters, R. B. Jr. Petersen, Gerald L. Petersen, J udy E. Petersen, Ronald L. 87 Drugs? Peterson, Audrey M. Peterson, Verle G. Pfeifer, Rod J. Phelps, Susan K. Phillips, Earl C. Pinger, Mary J. Placzek, Linda A. Piatt, Dan E. Polcene, Elliott W. Polinko, Kathleen A. Pollack, Stefan L. Pomeroy, Charles J . Ponds, Otis D. Jr. 88 A popular cop-out, Portis, Sharon K. Pottenger, J im Powers, Daniel K. Powers, Donald J. Preuss, Diane D. Prohaska, Thomas C. Pruss, Patricia A. Pry, jay E. Pserros, Polidoros C. Quedensley, Mary L. Rabinowicz, Morris Radcliff, Edwin P. Ramirez, James F. Ranny, Leonard A. Jt Ranslem, Harold J . Rapier, Corrine I. Rastede, Kent C. 89 similar to the one found by the winos on skid row Ratts, Michael D. Reed, Stephen R. Reeder, William S. Jr. Reeves, Margaret M. Rega, Michael J. Reichert, David E. Reisinger, Robert P. Renshaw, James D. Reuss, Thomas A. Rhodes, Lesley D. Richmond, J ohn R. Ricks, J. U. Riddle, Richard A. Riggs, William G. Riley, James C. Riley, Laisvute A. Riley, Rose M. ■A wKm i v. 90 or the suburbanite housewife in the confines of her own home. if i m 1 - r i [ Y k Robbins, Madelene M Roberts, J ohn L. Robertson, Gary E. Rodenburg, Gene J. Roitstein, Lloyd E. Root, Donald E. Rosenstrom, Walter C Roth, Eula M. Roverse, Eugene O. Rowe, Cheryl A. Rowe, Daniel A. Rowzee, E. Christine Royal, Gerald C. Rumgay, David A. Russell, Wayne L. Russo, Marilyn J. 91 Both of these solutions seem ill-suited for finding oneself. But where to then? Sandell, J ohn R. Sandin, Norman M. Sandlin, John G. Sandlin, Sharon A. Saner, Michael J. Sapp, Allen D. Schliefert, Janet C. Schmid, Marsha L. Schmid, William J. Schmidt, Thomas E. Schmitt, Thomas L. Scholtis, Thomas M. Schrad, Chuck F. Schram, Samuel C. Schucht, Larry F. Schuman, Richard R. Schwarzlander, Karen L. Schweikert, Leland E. Scott, Robert D. 93 If marriage were the answer, Sealy, Jeffrey J. Seaman, Jane F. Seiler, Dallas D. Seitz, Gary J. Seng, Rebecca L. Sharp, Erv A. Shaver, Ivan W. Shaw, James E. Shedd, John H. Sherlin, Jerry M. 1 jy I IF? .1 Ik A 94 perhaps the divorce rate wouldn't be so high. lift m i Sherwood, Lawrence W. Sigerson, Charles W. Jr. Simmons, Lynn C. Simodynes, John M. Singer, James A. Siref, Judy E. Siref, Margie R. Skoglund, Linda D. Skokan, George A. Smith, Jerald M. Smith, Jill N. Smith, Patricia R. Smith, Reva M. Smith, Theron R. Smutny, Pamela J. Smutny, Richard W. 95 perhaps the American people wouldn't need to spend so much money on recreation and entertainment Sturek, James M. Stuthman, Clifford E. Sullivan, Kathleen L. Sullivan, Roger L. Summers, Lynda L. Svanda, Mary K. Sweeney, Gordon T. Swoboda, Gary J . Swotek, James J . Sykes, Robert L. Taber, Thomas M. Tack, Christian A. Tank, Robert H. Jr. Taylor, Gloria J . Taylor, Marlene C. Thedford, Thomas M. Thomas, Brian A. 97 in order to get away from it Thomas, James A. Ill Thomas, Jewerl C. Thorson, Bruce E. Thurston, Roger E. Tiedeman, Ralph L. Tighe, Karen C. Till, Frank R. Tillman, Shan R. Timm, Herman W. Todd, Jess D. Todd, Robert D. Toman, James J. Tompkins, Mary M. Tomps, Andris E. Toso, Kenneth J. Trenolone, John W. Tripp, Alan L. Troxel, Janice K. Turille, Emil A. 98 in order to get away from themselves. Tuttle, Sharon M. 99 Do we ever wonder what it must be like the instant before death when, like it or not, Vieregger, Henry T. Viergutz, Horst J. Vilenski, Gita Vint, Kathryn A. Vinton, B.A. Voelte, JoAnn E. Wade, Betty J. Walkenhorst, James W. Wallin, Lamont R. Walling, Steven H. Wallis, William I. Ward, Billy R. Washington, M. L. 100 we must come face-to-face with ourselves? Wathen, Charles P. Watters, Hiram C. Weber, Arthur J. Weber, Grey L. Weber, Thomas C. Weinberger, Noah L. Werthman, Jeanne M. Whipkey, Dan A. Whisenant, Thomas S. White, Aubrey D. White, David C. White, Harold G. White, John A. White, Karolyne K. Whitney, D. D. S. 101 What are we really like? Who are we? Wieczorek, Patrick J. Wiese, Michael C. Wiig, Douglas M. Wilber, Robert D. Wilcox, Darryll V. Wilken, Michael J. Wilkinson, Hobert D. Willett, Gerald D. Williams, Marcus C. Wills, James H. Wilson, Allen L. Windier, Jeanne M. f H | Winter, Lloyd R. Wisser, Frederick G. Wodard, Jerry W. 102 Maybe someday after we leave this institution of higher learning, Wohlfeil, Gordon L. Wolford, Fred C. Woltersdorf, John W. Womack, Kenneth S. Woodke, Kathy Wormley, J ohn K. Yarber, Harley A. Young, Lloyd L. Jr. Young, Roger A. Yungbluth, Ann M. Zadina, William L. Zamenick, Steve J . Zanski, Diane M. 103 we'll take some time to get acquainted with ourselves and find out. — Kevin O 'Donnell 104 WHEN STUDENTS first discovered they were getting a magazine instead of the traditional yearboolc, they were enraged. What, no pictures? Garbage! Nonsense! Now that they ' ve become accustomed to the idea, their comments aren ' t quite as volatile. Jesus, another one of these. Is this all I get for 17 years of college - a comic book? Are we gonna have another one of these crummy things next year? Despite the displeasure of many students, yes, there is going to be another one of these crummy things next year. An eventual revival may someday take place, but for the moment, the Age of the Yearbook has passed on to its greater reward. For the many who did enjoy the first two issues of the magazine, this issue will be no disappointment. Once again we tried to ca pture the mood of the campus, as well as some of its frustrations and activities, and once again we tried to capture the interest of as many people in as many groups as possible. Bootstrappers, Greeks, independents, blacks, faculty and administrators should all find at least one item of interest in the following pages. If each person does not find at least one, hopefully more than one, article worth reading then the Tomahawk magazine has failed. We don ' t think we ' ve failed, but that ' s up to you. This is the last issue of the Tomahawk to be published at UNO, and we think it ' s the best. Next year a new magazine with a new name will exist, but for 1970-71 the time of transition is over. We ' ve made it and hope you have, too. OMAHAWK SUMMER 1971 The Tomahawk, a University of N ebraska at Omaha student publica- tion, is a magazine for students, by students and about students. Publi- cation dates are subject to change. Editor Julie Salem Photo Editor John Windier Contributing Editor . . . Dave Mack Design • • Mike Franks Dre ' Ann Hadash Ric Rine Staff Writers Stuart Anderson Rich Brown MikeCasmon Tim Connelly Jeanine Giller Ed Jenkins Robert G. May Les McKim Steve Priesman Leia Rickerson Roslyn Rimmerman Todd Simon Staff Photographers Zev Hadash Jack Sommars Adviser Doreen Simpson The Black Man ' s Burden 2 The Miscellaneous-Educational Complex 7 A Faculty of Discontent 13 Curtain Closes on Opera Theater 16 Tom Majeski — Portrait of a Problem Solver 20 UNO, A Public University vs ' ith a Private Generation Gap 22 At the End of Summer 28 No Place to Hang His Hat 30 The Snail ' s-Paced Saga of Campus Construction 32 Why Would Anyone Want to be in a Beauty Contest Anyv ay? ... 38 The Three Dimensions of the Fourth Estate 43 Omnipotent Octagon of Academia 48 It was a Dark and Dreary Day, By Golly! 51 Ouampi ' s Last Stand 54 Instructing, re-defining, changing — THE BLACK MAN ' S BURDEN Items such as wood carvings (left) and a photo display by photographer Rudy Smith (below) were displayed during Black Heritage Week. UNO student John Ray (below) listens to some records. mm ii WHAT DO you mean ' blacks don ' t have any culture? ' They ' ve got a culture; it ' s just that they don ' t have the same culture. Psychologists say black people are dumb; that their accumulative IQ stretches much lower than that of their white counterparts. I say the ques- tions on intelligence quotient tests are geared to a white culture. Change the questions, and the results are different. Who here knows what a ' deuce and a quarter ' is? Hey, who knows? The audience answered with bellows of laughter and blank stares — the laugh- ter was from blacks; the blank stares from whites. Speaker James Turner, director of the Africana Studies and Research Center at This student artist ' s sketch of a blaci warrior was also on display during Black Heritage Week. 3 Cornell University, continued, The power to define is very important. He who defines shapes the actions of other people, and the white man has been in charge of definition in this country for a long time. The same holds true for history; most history is white history. History books never refer to Sitting Bull as a general; his troops are called warriors, never soldiers. But now Custer, on the other hand, is a general in the US cavalry, and he and his men were mas- sacred. Now I ask you what is a massacre? The dictionary calls it ' a savage and indiscriminate killing ... a slaughter against unsuspecting, unarmed citizens. ' Now I really don ' t think Custer and his infantry fit this description. Sponsored by Black Liberators for Action on Campus (BLAC) and the Stu- dent Programming Organization (SPO), Black Heritage Week brought lecturer Turner and other speakers and enter- tainers to the UNO campus in February. Undaunted by minimal attendance rates and snowy weather, UNO ' s first Black Heritage Week received applause from most of the students taking advant- age of the activities offered. Jazz-folk-soul singer Roberta Flack entertained a full-house in concert at Joslyn museum. Receiving a standing ovation Miss Flack returned for an encore at the end of a nearly two-hour per- formance. The audience raved approval by calling the singer back for a second encore. Student Yvonne E. Gates felt Black Heritage Week exposed black culture to both blacks and those interested in im- proving relations with blacks. Gateway editor Dave Mack said those attending the activities found a unique experience awaiting them. Despite the limited response from the university community, said Mack, I hope the program will become an annual event. Student Activities Coordinator Rick David said Black Heritage Week may become just that — an annual event. 1 don ' t judge success by numbers alone. It was an educational experience all around for both the planners and the par- ticipants. It was gratifying to see students working together, and this was one of the first times I ' ve seen it here. In addition to Turner and Flack, Black Historian J ames Turner offers a new perspective. Singer Roberta Flack and her musical trio performed before an enthusiastic audience in February. 4 Heritage Week brought Nebraska State Senator Ernest Chambers to UNO. Wear- ing his familiar white T-shirt, Chambers received the BLAC award as outstanding contributor to the Omaha black com- munity. The tone of his following speech, however, was bitter. Chambers con- demned the Nebraska penal complex in Lincoln, as well as its warden Maurice Sigler. He condemned the Nebraska legis- lative system as corrupt, rural, full of special interest groups and definitely not representative of the black community. Before leaving the podium, Chambers said he was getting very tired of speaking of the black problems, and many of his listeners sensed the futility of a black man ' s words falling on deaf white ears. Also on the schedule were talks by Omahan Bertha Calloway of the Negro Historical Society of Nebraska, UNO Director of Black Studies Melvin Wade, Component Concepts Corporation Pres- ident Joseph Saunders and UNO Man- power for Urban Progress Director Mike Adams. Members of both the Omaha and university community attended a soul food dinner on the final evening of Black Heritage Week. On the menu were fried chicken, black-eyed peas and ham, collard and mustard greens, cole slaw, cornbread, and sweet potato pie. During the week students could visit the third floor student center Black Her- itage room, which contained a display of hand-sewn African garments, black sculpture and literature, and paintings and photographs by local black artists and UNO students. Those who browsed the room were treated to refreshments and recorded music of blacks such as Wilson Pickett, Otis Redding and Aretha Franklin. Coordinator for the program and major organizer Henrietta Knight said the program afforded blacks, as well as whites, a chance to think. We have to begin thinking; now maybe we ' ve started, Black Studies Director Melvin Wade lectures. Senator Ernie Chambers seems exasperated. Even the youngest of audience members lent their attention to James Turner during his recent talk. but where do we go from here? Our country ' s falling apart because of the racial situation, and we ' re just beginning to realize it, but where do we go from here? If we want to correct the problems in this country, we have to participate and work to change attitudes. Black Heritage Week perhaps offered an op- portunity for doing this. Historian Turner agreed with Mrs. Knight. A Black Heritage Week is a very fine idea, but it ' s only a start. You can ' t learn it all in a week. It has to be a continuing thing. And to those participating in Black Heritage Week, the theme of the program adequately reflected the racial question of today ' s society: Where Do We Go From Here? By MIKE CASMON Both students and faculty members attended the soul food dinner on the final evening of the week. Following Friday ' s soul food dinner, the Black Madrigals performed in concert, and a recitation of black poetry concluded the week-long activities. 6 THE MISCELLANEOUS - EDUCATIONAL COMPLEX THE YEAR was 1921. The Great War had been over for two years. President Warren G. Harding had just signed a joint Congressional resolution declaring peace with Germany and Austria. America was on its way toward post-war prosperity. The University of Omaha, located at 24th and Pratt St., was 1 3-years-old. A group of ex-servicemen, some of them dough- boys and some of them nearing the 50 mark, were sent to the University of Omaha by Uncle Sam in a move toward war rehabilitation. This appears to be the first indicator of adult education or, according to the Gateway (student annual at that time, now the student newspaper), the establishment of the Extension Divi- sion at the University of Omaha. It wasn ' t until 1931, ten years later, that an administrative branch was estab- lished in order to handle the enrollment in night school. In 1932, following the municipalization of the University of Omaha, the Board of Regents appointed Everett M. Hosman as the first director of the School of Adult Education. Hos- man was also appointed the first dean of the College of Adult Education in 1952. The present College of Continuing Studies has come a long way since its first informal adult education meetings when the most popular courses taught were English, psychology, business law and the study of the Bible. Current Dean of the College of Con- tinuing Studies (CCS) William T. Utiey has held the post since his appointment in 1963. Before assuming his administrative duties as dean, UtIey was a full-time political science professor. According to Dean Utley, All of the CCS activities are administered through two divisions, Academic Studies and non-credit Community Services. All CCS degree programs come under the Aca- demic Studies Division, which include the adult, the bootstrap and the law enforce- ment programs. We concern ourselves primarily with the adult student, said Utley. We serve full- or part-time workers who for the most part are what we call the typical ' evening college ' student. Often we serve housewives or shift workers during the daytime. We even serve those adults who already have a degree and want to return and take more undergraduate courses for professional or personal reasons. The special program for military per- sonnel, known as the bootstrap pro- gram, enables those members of the United States Armed Forces (active, separated or retired) to complete their degree requirements. The program began in 1952, and since then over 10,000 career military personnel, both enlisted and commissioned, have earned bac- calaureate-level degrees. Most of the de- grees granted to the bootstrappers thus far have been the Bachelor of General Studies degree (BGS). The students select an area of concentration (major) in just about any given subject the university offers. While we were not the first university to have a bootstrap program, we have grown to be the largest, said Utley. The enrollment of military personnel did fall off, however, during the height of the Vietnam conflict from 1965 to 1967. George Thompson, assistant dean for the Academic Credit Programs, said the BGS degree does not depart radically from the structure of traditional BA and BS degrees. According to Thompson, The use of a contrasting term for the BGS degree emphasizes the belief that adults, who are already on a career ladder, are the best judges of their own personal and vocational needs. They are usually left free, as BGS degree candi- dates (except in the areas of the sciences and engineering), to select for themselves the courses which will comprise the central thrust of their academic pro- grams. The adult student through CCS can also earn academic amnesty if he received low grades while attending college during his youth. The adult in CCS can de- crease the amount of time required to obtain a degree through the conversion of life experience into applicable degree credit, said Thompson. One of the ways the student can do this is by taking the General Examinations battery of the College-Level Examination Program (CLEP). It ' s a standardized college credit equivalency test developed by the Educa- tional Testing Service and distributed nation-wide by the College Entrance Examination Board. Students with acceptable scores can earn up to 30 credit hours, he said. Yvonne Harsh, UNO director of place- ment, said, Graduates with a BGS degree have no more trouble finding a job than do most other students as long as they have an area of concentration. In fact, employers sometimes accept them more readily since they are adults who have some of their obligations out of the way, like the military service. Students interviewed who were in the College of Continuing Studies felt it met their needs. Mike Foley, 24, is in the CCS boot- strap program. Foley, a native of Lawrence, Massachusetts, said he likes the idea of getting credit for military service. 1 had to have gotten some ex- perience from the military training. Foley ' s area of concentration is journalism. Northwestern Bell telephone em- ployee, Glenn Iddings, 30, has been attending UNO part-time for six or seven years. He hopes to graduate in August and get a job in Bell ' s computer department. I think the college is pretty good because I ' ve been bounced all over, said Iddings. Actually I would like to see it expand because it really encouraged me to continue. For me it eliminates many of the courses the younger undergraduates are complaining about, said 26-year-old Allen Wilson, who is attending UNO with the help of a grant from the state of Iowa or everything you didn ' t want to know about CCS and still don ' t. Social Rehabilitation Services. CCS eliminates the unnecessary classical school holdovers, he said. The second degree program offered by CCS is the Bachelor of Science in Lav Enforcement and Corrections (BS LEC). The Law Enforcement program began in 1962 with its first class entitled Elements of Criminal Justice. Money for the course was provided by Omaha businessmen and the auctioning of an 1 ,1 00-pound steer donated by Omaha real estate men Ron Abboud and Ron Cole. The money enabled 20 Omaha police- men, some of them for the first time, to seek a college education and a degree in Law Enforcement and Corrections. Omaha Public Safety Director Al Pattavina was the first graduate of the law enforcement program in 1965, and due largely to local, regional and national support, the LEC program has sky- rocketed in popularity. Head of the Department of Law En- forcement and Corrections Gaylon Kuchel thinks police departments need to attempt to get the best men possible Gaylon Kuchel Dept. of Law Enforcement and Corrections before they put them on the street. Entrance requirements for uniformed police should be raised with a bachelor ' s degree being a minimum, he added. At UNO we have carefully planned and controlled the development of the LEC program, noted Kuchel. We have not been interested in proliferation just for the sake of more courses. We have added necessary courses as soon as a definite need arose and as soon as we found competent instructors. For the past two semesters over 2,000 students have been enrolled in 52 LEC class offerings. The average class size is about 40 students, according to Kuchel. The philosophy of our program is relatively simple, explained Kuchel. Quality first, quantity second. Quality not only in our course offerings but also on the level of instruction. We believe the task of any university is to send into the community well-educated people who are, first of all, good citizens interested in making a contribution to their com- munity and, secondly, in our specific program, good law enforcement officers Dean William T. Utiey College of Continuing Studies dedicated to enforcing the law in a lawful manner. The degree requirements for LEC are similar to those needed for a Bachelor of Arts in the College of Arts and Sciences. The only exceptions are that the law enforcement degree requires nine hours of English credit as opposed to six hours required by Arts and Sciences, noted Kuchel adding that law enforcement does not have a language requirement. We believe the 16 hours devoted to passing language exams can be better spent learn- ing something about human behavior, Kuchel said. Perhaps the biggest task facing Kuchel and his degree program is finding addi- tional faculty for the growing enrollment. To alleviate part of this situation, part- time faculty members are being recruited out of the community. These men in- clude a District Court Judge, the Chief Deputy County Attorney, the Police Chief, the Chief Adult Probation Officer of Douglas County and others whom we feel have the capability, said Kuchel. Part-time instructors come to campus Thomas Moore Community Services Division for one or two classes a week out of dedication to their profession and a i een interest in the comnnunity. A lot of them would do it even if they weren ' t getting paid, said Kuchel. We on this campus are fortunate to have available to us both day and night classes, emphasized Kuchel. This gives us an opportunity to get to know a wider segment of the non-university world, and it prevents us from escaping the realities of the real world which often happens to people who isolate themselves on a campus for a period of time, be it four years or a lifetime. Robert Houston, a 20-year-old LEG major, participates in a rather unique aspect of the training program. Along with about 30 others, Houston works 20 hours per week at Central Police Head- quarters as a desk clerk. I take reports and follow-up leads that are given to the police, explained Houston who is paid $2.31 an hour and receives academic credit for participation in the Police Cadet Training Program. Houston is also charged with the responsi- bilities of contacting victims of crimes and the next of kin and handling calls from police informants. This allows a practical application of my education but not to the fullest extent, said Houston. I think cadets should be used more in the Criminal Investigation and Juvenile Bureaus rather than many of their present jobs, he said. This would get them into more of the practical aspects of police work. Another unique aspect of the UNO 9 LEC program is the number of federally- funded grants, loans and scholarships available to students. This program was established through the so-called Safe- Streets Act of 1967 and operates by making funds available to colleges and universities to assist students who are willing to commit themselves to careers in law enforcement, Kuchel said. To what extent are students enrolling in LEC screened? To protect the student, a minimal physical exam is given, said Kuchel. Things that generally wash people out such as height, weight, eyes, hearing. blood and pulse are checked, said Kuchel. Students who fail the physical are advised of the problems they will have in following the work of a uni- formed police officer, according to Kuchel. Some students in this category remain in the program but choose an academic emphasis on corrections. The criminal records of all potential LEC students are investigated. We are not going to wash out a student with heavy traffic tickets, stressed Kuchel. We just warn him of possible profession- al checks. Behavior of students once they are WHAT IS there in classes focusing on death investigation, crime, the Constitution, law, human relations, penology and organi- zational management that could interest a woman? Plenty, Faith Hampton, a University Division student, said. The courses help me do my job. I work for the Omaha Police Department full-time in ' criminal records. ' I really don ' t know a lot about the law, but I ' m trying to learn more, the 20-year-old freshman said. Jo Sealetta, a junior in education who just needed an elective, said, It ' s very interesting, and it really is different. Cops have their job to do . . . it ' s difficult. Everyone should have a law enforcement course so they can know what the police are trying to do, Linda Glintborg, a senior in education, said. I like it. It ' s one of the more interesting courses I ' ve taken. I ' m teaching in a Title I high school. Students are there because they have to be. They ' re ' turned off. ' School is not for them. They live ' immediately ' and don ' t plan for the future. They just want to buy a car and make money. This course may help me understand them. All is not sweetness and light from the fair sex. As one young lady said, This is really a negative view concerning my law enforcement class, but there is just too much military talk from bootstrappers. Whenever this class begins to discuss a matter, somehow the conversation usual- ly gets back to the military. I believe the law enforcement courses I am taking will give me good background knowledge for admitted to the LEC program is a very limited problem, according to Kuchel. None of our students have been arrested for felonies as far as I know. What happens to the LEC student with long hair who participates in a sit-in? Society is going to have to see sit-ins as standard parts of behavior for a person to get involved in, said Kuchel. Both four- and two-year programs in law enforcement were rare on college campuses in 1962 when the UNO depart- ment was developed. Kuchel and his LEC collegues are often asked to help other colleges throughout the nation set up programs similar to UNO ' s. The Inter- national Association of Chiefs of Police has adopted the UNO curriculum as a model to use in establishing LEC pro- grams nationwide. Kuchel, however, is not satisfied with the current offerings in his department. I want to start emphasizing corrections Police cadet Bob Houston (right) answers phone for the Omaha Central Police Station ' s Community Services Office. Captain Gene Scarpino (left) and Patrolman B. Johnson (center) assist Houston. this type of employment, and our military discussions are the only matter which I think will not help me. Just what a lady does in law enforce- ment is best answered by the ladies themselves. Jane Tooley, a 1969 Uni- versity of Nebraska at Omaha graduate, is the first woman adult parole of ficer in the state. She started in September of 1969 with the State of Nebraska, Division of Corrections, as a Parole Officer for adults. I haven ' t regretted it; I know this is the right field for me. Jane feels a woman offers law enforce- ment intuition, gentleness, kindness, empathy, insight into a woman ' s prob- lems and a different view . . . you know. . . the idea that you don ' t have to be all muscle to be in the field today. Those qualities I mentioned are assets at times, and liabilities at times, too. Women must learn objectivity. Mariiou Lawson is married, has two teenage sons, and has been an Omaha policewoman for ten years. My experi- ences have been wide and varied. I was assigned to the Detective Bureau full-time for seven and one-half years. During that time, I worked on assignment out of the Homicide Squad, also accepting assign- ments from the Vice Squad and Juvenile Bureau. At the conclusion of that time, I was assigned to Internal Security handling complaints regarding police officers. I am presently assigned to the Chief ' s office, working as his secretary. 1 feel, person- ally, that law enforcement for women offers security and a more than adequate pay scale. It provides something new and and courses pertaining to corrections. He said he would like to see an orienta- tion course in basic corrections developed along with classes in counseling and guidance in correctional settings, com- munity resources in corrections, and law and criminal corrections. Classes stressing criminal lab work, police civil law and victimology are also necessary, according to Kuchel. Victimology, Kuchel explained, stresses the role of the victim in precipi- tating crimes. Kuchel noted he is thankful for the support he has had in building the LEC program over the past years. We have established the good foundation neces- sary to accomplish this particular task; we have the kind of philosophy essential to accomplish it, and we have the admini- strative support necessary to progress. The second division of the College of Continuing Studies, the Community Ser- interesting every day. I have never been sorry that 1 took the job as a police- woman. The field is open and offers much to women who are interested. Phyllis Meggers is a civilian employee of the Omaha Police Department, a junior, and an LEC major with minors in education and sociology. I took a course as a freshman and decided to major in it . . . it ' s not an eight to five job ... I like my job; 1 use the Centrex, answering incoming telephone calls and use the radio. 1 look up arrest records and acci- dent reports, but I will not be a clerk- typist . . . anything but a clerk-typist. I could get that any place ... in an insurance office. That ' s why I went into the Omaha Police Department; to see what it ' s all about. I ' m one quarter inch short for police- woman and for cadet. It gripes me! I don ' t see what one quarter of an inch has to do with intelligence or ability. That ' s like saying a man can ' t be a doctor because he ' s too tall. Phyllis accepted the civilian employee position after being denied the two other positions. Added Phyllis, Women have a lot to offer law enforcement, but they have to fight to do it. They ' ve done it in other fields, why not law enforcement? I just want to show men 1 can do a job. I ' m as capable as they are. Personally, I ' m tired of hearing people say, ' You ' re a nice little girl; what are you doing in law enforcement? ' Women are interested in society, too. They created half the problems so why shouldn ' t they want to help solve them? By ROBERT G. MAY vices Division, develops and supervises various programs. Running the gamut from Gourmet Cooking to Effective Fleet Manage- ment, Community Services (CS) courses offer Omaha residents non-credit con- ferences, classes and workshops through- out the year. Our offerings are for people who want to keep their minds active but who do not want to be tied down, said Thomas Moore, director of CS in noting that until additional space is acquired, community service programs will have to be limited in growth and suffer possible cutbacks. The entire CS program is housed in the south wing of the Gene Eppley Library and is limited to three classrooms and an auditorium seating less than 500 persons. Some activities are being moved off campus due to the space squeeze. The gourmet cooking course, offered to ' Tm one-quarter inch short for police- woman . . . that ' s like saying a man can ' t be a doctor because he ' s too tall. Omaha policewoman Mariiou Lawson currently works as secretary to the OmahaChief of Police. women by Bernard Schimmel, is being held at the All Saints Episcopal Church nearly four miles from campus. The idea of moving programs off campus, however, is very much in the minds of director Moore and CCS Dean Utiey. About two years ago Moore proposed acquiring the old Regis Hotel structure in downtown Omaha. Vacated by the Job Corps, the Regis building would have cost one million dollars with renovation costs towering over one-half that amount. Then in late summer 1970 the Omaha Athletic Club, 1700 Douglas, announced it was closing its doors. It would be ideally suited for our purposes, Moore said. It would be an extension of the total university into the downtown area. Credit classes could be added for downtown businessmen to attend before and after work, and programs could also be offered to labor organizations. 11 A decision on the 10-story Athletic Club structure will not be made until summer, but Moore said he is optimistic the building can be acquired. The cost of the structure is $625,000, completely furnished, but Moore estimated, The university would gain $2,300,000 by getting this building. Because the building has rooms on its upper floors, residential conferences could be held and chances for the initia- tion of a management-labor center would be considered. The club also has a swimming pool. Moore said the facility could attract people from all over the Midwest to programs offered by the university. The major problem in acquiring the structure is money. While Moore said he has his doubts about the NU Regents appropriating the funds, he indicated he is currently looking for some prominent individual to donate the building to the NU system. The Cooper Foundation donated the State Theatre building in downtown Omaha to the NU system late last year, and hopefully another donor will emerge. CCS Dean Utiey also thinks the pro- posed CS move into downtown would benefit dozens of merchants, and because of this a fund drive could possibly be initiated among shopping area business- men. Downtown Omaha, Inc. is very receptive to the idea of the university coming into the downtown area, UtIey noted. What are the problems encountered by CS in putting on over 80 programs a year? There are two factors that make it impossible to do now as much as we were doing two and three years ago, said UtIey. He cited food service as being the number one program. Effectiveness is lost when you send people off campus to eat. Because many CS activities were held in the evening or on weekends, UtIey said participants used to spill out into unused areas of the campus. Now crowd- ed conditions confine CS programs to three classrooms and the Conference Center auditorium. One such program, the Missouri Valley History Conference, which has now gained national recog- nition, was forced off campus last year. Parking, too, is a problem for CS, but as UtIey put it, it isn ' t as critical as are the other problems. Arrangements have been made for persons participating in CS programs to park at the Omaha Play- house. Shuttlebuses are run between the campus and the 69th and Cass St. parking lot, and as many CS functions as possible are being taken off campus. This year ' s Ak-Sar-Ben scholarship luncheon was held at the New Tower Motel rather than in the crowded student center. We can be moved off campus without doing great harm, UtIey emphasized. Still while the CS move off campus is being considered, programs continue as normal. Courses in vocabulary enrich- ment, investments and law for women have been added to the list of activities which draw nearly 30,000 adults into CS-sponsored activities each year. Other activities of the Community Services Division include an annual series of lecturers and exhibits. State Senator Terry Carpenter from Scottsbluff and regional news commentator John Hlava- cek were speakers at this spring ' s lecture series. Programs such as EXPRO, designed to help park and recreation executives de- velop managerial skills, and the TV-class- room method have been developed through the College of Continuing Studies. On the lighter side, recreational programs such as fencing and horseback riding have been offered in addition to the annual summer Recreation Workshop. Trying to summarize the impact of a program such as that offered by the College of Continuing Studies presents a problem, but not for business student and retired Air Force Master Sergeant Victor Brown who simply states, The College of Continuing Studies is doing a helluva lot to support UNO. By RICHARD BROWN and TIM CONNELLY State Senator Terry Carpenter was one of many CCS-sponsored lecturers brought to campus this year. 12 All work and low pay gives UNO A FACULTY OF DISCONTENT THE UNO faculty is unhappy. For the third straight year faculty salary increases won ' t meet cost of living increases. Teaching loads have yet to be b rought in line with those at Lincoln. Fringe benefits are being adjusted downward. Class sizes are inhibiting, and there is a strong possibility that faculty members will have to pay for parking this fall. Conditions are becoming close to un- bearable, and some faculty members who can afford not to bear them are getting out. In May, Dr. John Carroll announced he was leaving UNO to accept a teaching position at a California state college. Dr. Carroll says he is leaving because he senses a certain amount of inertia at this university — an inertia that has its roots in the state ' s attitude toward higher education. A $2,000 salary increase was an added persuader in his decision. Three weeks later UNO ' s wrestling coach Don Benning announced he would not return in the fall. Benning, who also served as a part-time physical education instructor, leaves his $10,500 position at UNO to accept a position with the Omaha Public Schools for a reported salary of $16,500. What it comes down to, said one faculty member after hearing Benning had resigned, is that those who can find better jobs are taking them. This uni- versity had three years to reward Benning for his success with the wrestling team and didn ' t. They certainly aren ' t going to reward the faculty for outstanding per- formance in the classroom either. A week after Benning ' s resignation, the administration suffered a personnel loss. Business Administration Dean George Heather announced he was step- ping down because of the business fac- ulty ' s dissatisfaction. Dean Heather will not completely escape the aggravated faculty conditions since he plans to accept a full-time teaching position in the business college. He does think, however, that there are people in the business college who will start looking for other jobs if conditions aren ' t improved. As if to add credibility to Dean Heather ' s statement. Dr. M. Gene New- port, a professor of management in the business college, announced he was leav- ing two weeks later. Dr. Newport, a former recipient of the Great Teacher Award, accepted a position at the Uni- versity of Alabama which will net him an additional $4,000 annually. The seriousness of the salary situation was illustrated by a 333-page report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Faculty Salaries. The committee analyzed faculty salaries in all the colleges of the university and found that not only are salaries at the university below salaries at comparable universities, but also salary inequities exist within the university especially among junior faculty members, women and UNO graduates who join the faculty. University President Kirk E. Naylor says, I foresee no mass faculty exodus over the critical salary situation because faculty mobility is affected by the market and the marketplace. But I can appreciate their disgruntlement as they view the increases given to people in the general labor force. To try to remedy the inequities un- covered by the Ad Hoc report, the committee recommended salary floors for the four levels of instruction. According to the recommendations of the report, instructors are to be paid a minimum of $8,500; assistant professors, $10,000; associate professors, $12,500; and full professors, $15,500. The recommendations will be imple- mented in two phases. Faculty members below the salary level for their rank will receive salary adjustments amounting to one-half of the inequity in the coming year with complete adjustment in the following year. Monies for curing the inequities are being taken from salary appropriations of the legislature. This makes fewer funds available for regular salary increases. The legislature appropriated what amounts to $300 per faculty member for wage increases. $85 of each $300 sum is being used to adjust salary inequities. The remaining monies are being used for merit increases. Several faculty members are displeased with the merit increases. Dr. Eugene Freund, education professor and presi- dent of the UNO chapter of the American Federation of Teachers, says, Salary inequities should be met first, followed by cost of living increases and, lastly, 13 merit increases should be given. Criticism has also been directed to- ward the instrument proposed to gauge the merit increases. Dean of Academic Affairs William Gaines chaired a com- mittee charged with devising this merit instrument. The committee derived a multi-faceted instrument based on self, student and peer group evaluations. The faculty protested the student evaluation portion of the merit instru- ment. A group calling themselves the Faculty Members United for a Fair Deal banded together and urged a boycott of the merit (student) evaluation forms. A flier calling for the boycott read in part, The failure of the administrative leader- ship at this university has put it in its present plight. Student evaluations were dropped as criteria for merit increases, although Dean Gaines says, A great number of faculty members responded to the evaluations. Dean Gaines says opposition to the evalu- ations arose because most of the faculty have never undergone a comprehensive evaluation. Since this is the first time, they were wondering. Salaries are the main point of faculty contention, but they are not the only point. Chancellor Durward Varner has continually vowed to make UNO a full partner in the University of Nebraska system, but there are still inequities between the Omaha and Lincoln campuses. Not only are salaries higher at Lincoln, but teaching loads are lighter. A full-time teaching load is twelve hours at UNO, nine hours at Lincoln. According to Dean Gaines, It takes time for the parts of the system to function in relation to each other. There are equities and entities on the separate campuses that have to be born in mind during the transition period. He is dis- turbed by what he sees as an attitude where some faculty members on this campus throw big mudballs at the Lincoln faculty, and segments of the Lincoln faculty try to throw bigger mud- balls back. What is needed is a joint effort on the part of both faculties to insure what is best for the university system, says Gaines. Not all faculty members agree with Gaines. Says one faculty member, This university has had three years to be incorporated into the system. The ad- ministration seems to hold the opinion that progress on this campus can only be made by sacrificing progress at Lincoln. If there cannot be equity between the two campuses, then there should have never been a merger. One area of inequity in which the UNO faculty holds the edge over the Lincoln faculty is fringe benefits, and the university administration is currently entertaining a proposal that would erase this inequity. Under the present fringe benefit pro- gram at UNO, the university matches faculty funds for most of the benefits. At Lincoln there are no matching funds. The tentative fringe benefit proposal calls for an increase in benefits, but a decrease in areas where the university matches funds. President Naylor says, This uni- versity ' s contribution to the fringe bene- fit program is greater than at Lincoln. The additional money it would take to bring the Lincoln campus up to our stand is very substantial. Under the new pro- posal, some aspects appear to offer a diminution; however, on the balance, UNO stands to gain by the new pro- gram. Dr. Freund sees the new proposal as an erosion of fringe benefits at UNO. Neither campus has adequate fringe bene- fits to begin with, but the new proposal seems like more of a step backwards. Another faculty member adds, The administration says we will gain if the new fringe benefit package is adopted. The only gain we can realize is one we pay for out of our own pockets. Pay checks around here aren ' t big enough to have money taken out of them for fringe benefits. While the main faculty problems center on a lack of money for salary increases and fringe benefits, the shortage of faculty on the UNO campus also presents a problem. The university em- ploys 451 faculty members, 120 part- time, 331 full-time. President Naylor says, We ought to have an additional 150 full-time faculty members. The faculty shortage means large class sizes and a high student-teacher ratio. The present student-teacher ratio is 50:1. Dr. Freund says, An ideal student-teacher ratio would be 16:1, but a 30:1 ratio would be very workable. Like all of the other problems, the teacher shortage springs from a lack of funds. There are approximately 10 appli- cants for every teaching opening at the university, but funds are rarely available for creating new positions. Add to these problems the prospect that the faculty will have to pay for parking privileges this fall, and the result is an unhappy faculty, a faculty scanning the want ads for better jobs, a faculty muttering job action and strike, a faculty with a morale so low that it might carry over into the classroom. The answer to the faculty situation, which appears to be bordering the crisis stage, is money — money which doesn ' t appear to be forthcoming given the present composition of the state legis- lature. Dr. Freund thinks the AFT could provide the answer. Says Freund, When we have one unified voice on this campus making faculty demands known, the ad- ministration, the regents and the legis- lature will have to listen. Dr. Freund and the AFT may get the chance to prove their worth. Several faculty members are calling their meager salary increases just enough to cover the cost of joining the AFT. By DAVE MACK 15 CURTAIN CLOSES ON OPERA THEATER SURGERY IS already in progress, and it is surgery which hurts. Dr. James B. Peterson, head of the UNO Music Department, hur- ried back to his office from a meeting where things vital to the uni- ' versify had been discussed. There had been a thorough examination of the music curriculum, and the bitter medicine had been prescribed. Chancellor Durward Varner had recommended complete elimination of certain courses to maintain present quality and to achieve the quality levels which we are seeking, Peterson gravely reported. In view of the chancellor ' s directive, and in view of the budgetary considerations with which we are faced and will be faced, we have reluctantly decided temporarily — I emphasize temporarily — to discontinue the Opera Theater and to strengthen the vocal pro- gram. Peterson acknowledged that the Opera Theater ' s monetary condition was healthy; the Student Activities committee had budgeted $12,000 for the year, but the planned performance of Xerxes was suddenly canceled. Reasons for the cancellation are still not clear, since the opera had been in rehearsal for weeks. The step halted a UNO activity that had aroused pride and interest amid an otherwise unexciting musical atmosphere. During the 1970-71 academic year there would be no musical theatrical produc- tions of any kind to stimulate the music department. Peterson explained that because opera program enrollment was small, no funds Prince Tamino, played by Julian Klaczinsky, is rescued from the lion (Mary Higby) by three ladies. 16 would be allocated for a teacher. A replacement was needed for Daniel Sulli- van, who left last November to join the San Francisco Opera ' s Western Opera Theater. Until the UNO Opera Theater can be resurrected, said Peterson, the uni- versity hopes to tie in with the Omaha Opera Co. so singers will have a place to perform. A credit course in opera chorus is under consideration as a joint venture. The course would fill a dual function of augmenting the Omaha Opera Co. chorus while providing students with academic credits in a professional setting. The plan has been very slow in form- ing. A check of Omaha Opera Co. files revealed that officials met with Peterson in April, 1969, to work out a program. In a letter, Peterson expressed a sincere desire to work something out. The company responded with an eager, even anxious request by President Richard Holland to proceed with specific plans and proposals. After a two-year wait, the Opera Co. has initiated a new dialogue along the same lines. In addition to the belated cooperation with the Opera Co., Arts and Sciences Dean Victor Blackwell promised that voice students will not be dropped like hot coals. Blackwell offers the possi- bility of working with the Lincoln campus. He expresses the hope that by the time the new fine arts building becomes available in 1973, budgetary restrictions will have been lifted. Meanwhile, the ailing music depart- ment needs a transfusion. Dr. Robert Ruetz endorses the chorus program and believes the Omaha Opera Co. holds the balm for the music department ' s wound. Ruetz endorses the chorus program, and further prescribes training UNO singers to try out for comprimaria (second lead) roles usually filled by local singers. A possible joint production by UNO and the Opera Co. is also being considered. Although these ideas seem feasible at Bill Gillnsky as Papageno, a male bird, is elated over meeting a girl bird in The Magic Flute. Andrea Florick, Vance Scenter, and Bill Von Rentzell (right) portray the scene Your Virtue or your life! in last August ' s performance. first glance, there may be a talent prob- lem. Ruetz admits that the level of talent in Lincoln is better than UNO ' s. We are not getting the finest. We have too many handicaps here — department environment — the excitement of com- petition is not here. It has to come from within the department. Ruetz hinted that an air of Philistin- ism pervades. The same sentiment was expressed recently by another UNO de- partment head who warned of a danger- ous trend which equates moving for- ward with large class enrollments. He pointed out that if higher education is treated as an economic affair, quality may go into a decline. William Matthews, Omaha Opera Co. president appointed to study areas of cooperation with the university, also laments the fact that so many universities are placing too much emphasis on turning out teachers rather than performers. As a result, Matthews says, American opera companies are forced to go to Europe for trained singers. Ruetz believes the new arts center may attract new singers. However, he adds, One of the myths of education is that a building will make a dramatic improve- ment. Although a building will help, it will not improve the quality of the department. That has to come from within. Peterson ' s prognosis is also cautious. He hints at a vitamin deficiency — not enough green stuff. The future looks very bright as far as facilities are concerned, but I am worried about equipment. We will have to depend on private funds and other sources for much of the equipment such as instru- ments, audio equipment and projectors. The department will try to salvage all available equipment for the new build- ing, says Peterson. In spite of the equipment shortage, the music department faculty has remained stable, with resignations occurring only when really great opportunities arise as in the case of Sullivan. Two new in- structors have been brought in, but Peter- son feels the music faculty is still too small. Each one of our faculty members is presently teaching a larger load than the standard load of the university. Each one is highly qualified in his area, well trained, and the amazing part is that each one is really devoted to his work and to the university. If the department remains under- staffed, the curriculum cannot be ex- panded. Peterson ' s main concern is to keep the present curriculum intact. Everything in the curriculum is essen- tial, according to Peterson, and pre- cludes very much more cutting. He feels it is a good, basic curriculum which prepares a student either for graduate work or for teaching. At present the department offers only a professional Bachelor of Music degree. Ruetz maintains there is too much emphasis on music education, and that performing talent should be developed. He also thinks the music department should be moving toward a master ' s program. In spite of inadequate facilities, limited curriculum and a short-handed staff, the vocal music department has managed to produce some fine results. Last summer more than 60 students participated in a production of Mozart ' s opera The Magic Flute. Under the leadership of John Bohrer, the choral department has also grown during the past five years. And many feel perhaps it is the choral department that will supply the magic vitamin to revitalize UNO ' s sagging music program. By ROSLYN RIMMERMAN 19 TOM MAJESKI PORTRAIT OF A PROBLEM SOLVER WHEN THE situation has become intolerable, and there seems to be nowhere to turn for help, there is someone who will listen. He ' s a one-of-a-kind member of the campus community, a trouble-shooting middleman — the UNO ombudsman. His office is 250 MBSC, and his name is Tom Majeski. My door is open to everyone on campus, not just students. I listen. I offer information. It usually helps, says Majeski, the first ombudsman in the state. By definition, ombudsmen are inter- mediaries between the individual and an institution. They receive complaints, make investigations and recommend needed actions. Political expertise and personal persuasion are their primary tools. UNO ' s ombudsman is an associate professor in the art department and was appointed for the academic year by UNO President Kirk E. Naylor. Being an artist is not a requirement for the job, but a sensitive and perceptive nature helps. Majeski straightened ou t my problem, says a female undergraduate, and what was most amazing about it, he listened when I talked to him, and he under- stood! It might be because he ' s accustomed to leading his art students so they ' ll develop into artists. He ' s sensitive to the individual and to the situation. ' Lecturing at ' is not his idea of helping, says a male graduate student Majeski has helped. The person who occupies the position as ombudsman is the key to the job, says President Naylor. He must be able to relate, and Majeski does this well. He can hear the students, and he can understand the administrators. At a recent national meeting of campus ombudsmen, each was found to have a different academic background. But what they all had in common was respect from their colleagues and an affinity for students. Also, most will return to teaching after a few years spent as ombudsmen. Typical of ombudsmen, Majeski must decide which complaints are within his jurisdiction and competence and which of those merit his investigation. I talked to Majeski several times and tried to work out the solution to the mess I was in. I finally realized that he could straighten out the campus part, but that my main problem was a personal one which required a personal counselor off- campus, says a student whose file has the notation unable to help by Majeski. Majeski ' s files are confidential as opposed to those of his governmental counterparts. One can see him around campus studying his confidential files — all on 3 X 5 cards. Gotta make a change though. My files have long since out- grown my pockets, he says. Keeping my big mouth shut! is the most difficult thing Majeski finds in this job. When I find an infuriating situation, I want to lash out to correct it. But I must have cooperation to get results, and I know the way to accomplish anything is to be tactful. Majeski is critical of injustices, says President Naylor, but he has not forced himself on anyone, and he has resolved problems. There is no real pattern to the flow of traffic in the ombudsman business so far, says Majeski. But more problems 20 walk in the door when grades come out or when tensions mount at exam or registration times. Sometimes I can only commiserate with them and explain the situation I cannot change. Many complaints center around the payment of out-of-state tuition. After a person has lived in Nebraska for some years, he sometimes feels strongly that his status as out-of- state resident should change. I can offer understanding but not much help in this area. We may be able to influence the legislature to relax some of these rules in the future. Fellow faculty members refer to the results of Majeski ' s ombudsmanning as an excellent job, or an invaluable addition to the university, and he ' ll never replace the existing machinery of administration, but he has been able to untangle some awful snarls. One who remembers the UNO om- budsman ' s father quipped, Majeski makes things run more smoothly, sorta ' like his dad used to do for the railroad; he oils the wheels. Smoothing relationships between stu- dent and college has occupied half of Majeski ' s time since school started in September. He hopes to see it become a full-time job for a successor next year. President Naylor agrees, but adds, Future plans are contingent upon bud- get allocations. The job should rotate among faculty members who know the campus extremely well and who have the temperament for it, according to Majeski. Ombudsmen are being adopted by governments at all levels and organi- zations of every kind and description. The purpose of the ombudsmen is to protect individual human rights against abuse within a bureaucracy. The ombuds- men concept originated in the Scandi- navian countries and comes from the old Norse, meaning agent or represent- ative. Hawaii was the first state with an ombudsman, and many other state legis- latures are adopting them. The Nebraska legislature has just recently filled the ombudsman position created in 1969. Institutions of higher learning are finding the people ' s champion concept helpful in preventing alienation of stu- dents. An ombudsman makes a large and impersonal campus less frustrating to the individual. The ombudsman for a state is hired by the legislature and is responsible to them. A campus ombudsman can be a committee of one attached to the academic senate, but he is more often appointed by the president and re- sponsible to him. Each campus tailors the job to fit its needs. And some campuses have a student ombudsman attached to the student senate. Governmental ombudsmen use pub- licity or the threat of exposure as a strong weapon to influence officials. On the campus, with its different professional relationships, reasoned persuasion gets better results. I trade in mutual respect and trust, says Majeski, who works behind the scenes, often anonymously, in attempting to solve isolated functional conflicts. While working on individual grievances, he is in a position to uncover and correct bureaucratic practices which create conflicts, and his thorough knowl- edge of the inner workings of the campus helps him to help the individual. By LELA RICKERSON 21 UNO, A PUBLIC UNIVERSITY WITH A PRIVATE GENERATION GAP The bootstrap program con- vinces me that Catch-22 is not fiction, says Student Senator Danny Powers. Education major Bob Hancock believes, The caliber of the bootstrapper has come up. Boots often serve as an inhibiting factor in the classroom, says 20-year-old history major Cheryle Babbitt. It ' s just like sitting in a room full of your father. Over the years student opinion of bootstrappers has caused many a con- troversy in student publications, activities and the classroom. Older, military- minded and mt rigorous academic goals, the bootstrapper is often seen as the mythical super-student by civilian class- mates. All too often the bootstrapper is wrong- fully sterotyped as a grade-hungry mili- tary machine obsessed with chewing-up his civilian academic competitors. But the bootstrap program perhaps breeds this. The bootstrapper is given regular military pay to finish his academic degree. In many cases he is given just a few months to finish requirements and return to his regular military assignment. He is dis- graced if he returns without his degree. Nevertheless, a sizable number of stu- dents feel the bootstrap program definite- ly hurts the learning atmosphere on campus. The bootstrap program reminds me of something that happened in Germany about 20 years ago, said one graduate student. College is a place for young people with ideas, not a place for old military officers with walking canes. Boots definitely affect classroom interaction, says Miss Cheryle Babbitt in noting the bootstrapper is often a fre- quent contributor to class discussions. The questions they ask often seem irrelevant and stupid to me, but at least they open the way for other students to ask questions. Unfortunately, they use up a lot of time expressing personal opinions with unnecessary vigor, she adds. Hancock, however, thinks boots do little to affect classroom interaction. Most of them are too closed-minded. They have one set opinion and go into courses with set concepts and ideas that won ' t change. Like many students, 19-year-old fresh- man Steve Robb is somewhat reluctant to comment on bootstrappers. He feels mili- tary personnel have a right to attend college, and he admires those officers who pursue a college education. But Robb accepts the fact that boots often tend to raise grading curves and says, They should offer separate courses for boots. College of Continuing Studies Dean William T. Utiey agrees somewhat with Robb. I can see how a bootstrapper could end up being a curve-buster pro- vided an instructor graded on a curve, said UtIey, former head of the political science department, but many in- 23 structors try to avoid curving grades. I have personally knovk ' n many boots who have taken a younger student under their wing and helped him along, said Utiey. Hancock believes professors give bootstrappers higher grades even though they don ' t deserve them, He also feels boots are given more leeway en route to their usually high grades and that such acts of favoritism on the part of the faculty causes freshmen to form many misconceptions. Should a student who begins studying for final exams on the first day of Christmas vacation be put down especial- ly if he happens to be a bootstrapper? Dr. Paul Beck, professor of history, doesn ' t think so. I think the civilian student is stimulated by the amount of work boots put out. They shouldn ' t be frustrated; they should try a little bit of the work themselves. Assistant Professor of Political Science Bernard Kolasa feels bootstrappers con- tribute a number of things to the classroom learning situation. The boot- strapper is older and more mature, much more willing to participate in class dis- cussions, and he tends to encourage others to jump into discussions. Dr. Kolasa feels the bootstrap program helps to bring a greater diversity into the classroom. Often a boot forces me to re-think and look at subject matter in a different light, says Kolasa. You get a different viewpoint expressed that might be lacking where you have a fairly homogeneous student grouping. Dr. Kolasa disagrees with charges that bootstrappers tend to be curve-busters. These students generally take only upper division courses, and few instructors curve grades in such classes, he says. Dr. Gene Newport, professor of man- agement, says bootstrappers generally comprise one-half of the enrollment in his classes. He feels they motivate the civilian students in several ways. The other students see the bootstrapper working hard and going beyond normal class assignments. Although this causes some resentment, most students will exert more effort. Because bootstrappers often increase the size of classes substantially, in- structors are forced to lecture rather than allow spontaneous and free-flowing dis- cussion. Often for the sake of grading, essay exams are replaced by computer- scored multiple choice tests. Is this learn- ing situation created by bootstrap, enroll- ment healthy for the civilian student? A student is going to get what he wants to get out of a course regardless of the class size, says Newport. Dr. David Scott, chairman of the political science department, takes a somewhat middle-of-the-road approach in discussing bootstrappers. I ' ve had those that flunked and those that passed, says Scott. As in anything you have good ones, and you have bad ones, too. Dr. Scott admits there are boot- strappers who don ' t know how to think. Because they are under such great pres- sure, some tend to look for answers rather than to think about problems. Some simply cannot cope with thinking, says Scott. Some bootstrappers may tend to go into courses with deficiencies because of CCS ' s granting of credit. My only criticism is that the College of Continuing Studies tends to give too much credit for what they call ' life experiences. ' Several members of the faculty, par- ticularly those in the College of Arts and Sciences, agree with Scott. Harvey Leavitt, instructor of English, is one of the more outspoken members of the college. He feels boots graduate from UNO without being exposed to a mini- mum of basic courses in humanities. Leavitt even notes some boots have severe literacy problems. Leavitt feels boots should be exposed to such areas as contemporary novel. poetry, drama, philosophy and sociology outside of law enforcement. I see a need for this sort of thing because boot- strappers need to open up their minds to the nature of the country other than the rigid confines of what has been military experience, Leavitt notes. College, according to Leavitt, should broaden the minds of bootstrappers who commonly are conditioned to think in narrow terms. However, Leavitt questions whether UNO, in light of its severe space problems and overcrowding, should under- take this task. Dr. Richard Lane, former head of the defunct humanities department and now associate professor of English, poses serious questions regarding the testing used in granting bootstrappers academic credit for military courses and life experi- ence. Bootstrappers, before they enroll at UNO take military-proctored exams as part of the College Level Examination Program (CLEP). The exams are graded by the military, and the College of Continuing Studies has two performance levels to consider in giving credit. Some universities require a student to score above the sophomore level in order to pass out of a course; other universities only require a score equaling the pro- ficiency of a freshman. UNO falls into the latter category. If some universities use the sopho- more level and some use the freshman level, then I ' ll need to be convinced we ' re right in using freshman norms, says Lane. It would seem to me that any stand- ardized test would have to do a variety of things to really take the place of our English courses. If such a test doesn ' t have language proficiency, skill i n writing and familiarity with literature, you are missing part of the important basic intro- duction to college study, says Lane. He feels it is of cardinal importance for each department ' s faculty to review 24 the CLEP tests concerned with their area. Dean Utley has assured me that CLEP tests will be reviewed by the five depart- ments concerned, says Lane. You ' re limiting the value that can be gained from an experience here if you give too much credit, says Lane. He feels too many boots might not be adequately exposed to the humanities because they tend to test out of this area on CLEP tests. Bootstrappers under the Bachelor of General Studies (BGS) degree program are required to earn only 24 hours in their major field. Civilian students generally must earn 36 hours in their major area. I think the program could work, and yet it could be terribly abused if it ' s a matter of seeking out the so-called easy courses to fill in a major, says Lane. He admits there are some boots who hold press cards and possess military photo- graphy experience that enroll in be- ginning photography or professional military meteorologists who enroll in the basic meteorology course. Some kind of careful counseling ought to be done to assure hours taken really add up to something significant, adds Lane. He also questions the minor area of emphasis offered to boots enrolled in the BGS degree program. Here the boot needs only 12 hours. Most students have 12 hours in science, and this is hardly a second field for them. It seldom equips them to use it in a meaningful way. No article on the bootstrap pro- gram would be complete without the opinions of boots themselves. How do they view their civilian classmates? How might the bootstrapper improve his status on campus? What might the civilian stu- dent do to promote a better relationship with the bootstrapper? I feel they are students the same as me, says 34-year-old Major Thomas Branning. As a mature adult I feel I Boot bumper stickers tell the story. Executive operations of Pen and Sword, bootstrap social organization, are explained to newly-elected President Frank Griswold (center) by former presidents Jack Coleman (left) and Don Fritsche. Only a handful of boots turned out to elect officers at the first summer meeting of Pen and Sword. should talk to them and assist them if possible and also try to understand their views. Branning admits some, but not the preponderance of boots enter school with the idea that UNO is just another military post. Yet 1 don ' t think that the boot in most cases tries to understand the younger student and his problems such as social life and part-time work. Some boots, Branning believes, can ' t take the appearance of some of the younger students without comment. Branning feels, The appearance of stu- dents simply reflects the society I have sworn to defend. Several boots interviewed believe there is polarization between military and civilian students on campus. What might students do to improve relations with boots? The first thing that students should do is realize that a boot is under an obligation to his branch of service to complete his education in the time al- loted, says bootstrap George L. Allen. Often he may be required to get 24 credit hours in six months. This load gives him no margin for error. He must main- tain a high average as a cushion against failure. This is often why he is labeled ' the curve breaker. ' Army Captain Charles Pomeroy, how- ever, feels the bootstrapper contributes to much of the polarization by segregating himself with his colleagues rather than socializing more with the civilian student. In recent semesters bootstrappers have become increasingly involved in student activities, and Dean Utiey is pleased with this. Two boots worked on last summer ' s Gateway, and at least half a dozen have become involved in student government. Army Captain Hunter Beaty became involved in the Student Senate because he had a desire to give my personal view- point, the views of my constituency, and I wanted to see a balance of views on the Senate. 26 However, College of Continuing Studies Assistant Dean George G. Thomp- son does not view such boot participation with as much favor as does Dean Utley. Thompson feels such involvement should be kept at a low profile to guard against boot dominance of campus activi- ties. Former Student Senator Al Davidson, a 24-year-old Army aviation captain takes exception. Dean Thompson must be afraid of something. I ' ve gotten no co- operation from him. He should realize boots are part of this university. CCS should start to function as part of the university rather than a separate entity. Army Captain Jack Coleman, president of the Pen and Sword Society, agrees with Davidson. Extra curricular activities are part of campus life. Boots should be able to participate in everything the university has to offer, says Coleman. However, the 30-year-old personnel management officer feels activities have to arouse the interest of bootstrappers before they will participate. According to Beaty, many boots taking business courses would like to participate in activities of Delta Sigma Pi, the professional business administration fraternity. However, adviser Frank Forbes won ' t allow bootstrap membership be- cause bootstrappers are enrolled in the College of Continuing Studies rather than the College of Business Administration. Beaty and other boots interviewed said they would like to see this regulation changed. Most bootstrappers, however, with a few exceptions, find they are unable to relate to campus activities. They tend to bury themselves with their classes, families and a few close friends. They emerge only to make an occasional trip to the Pen and Sword office. Pen and Sword is a private organi- zation open to UNO military students. Incorporated by the State of Nebraska and housed off campus at the Prom Town House Motel, Pen and Sword is virtually uncontrollable by student government. The organization has about 700 members. mostly because of the test files, teacher and course evaluations, housing infor- mation and fraternal services offered. Numerous students and organizations on campus would like to have access to the test files and teacher-course critiques offered by Pen and Sword exclusively for its members. While former Pen and Sword President Don Fritsche offered to help any UNO organization to set up similar services, he said the bootstrappers have no intention of sharing their test files with the totality of the student body. He challenged other campus organizations to strive to achieve the organization of the bootstrappers in attempts to set up test files. With the troop withdrawals from Viet- nam, there has been some speculation as to the effect of the war de-escalation on boot enrollment at UNO. Officials of the College of Continuing Studies, however, feel the number of men coming from military assignments and annually seeking academic refinement will remain at about 750-800. By RICH BROWN The Pen and Sword was faced with possible dissolvement until a quorum finally assembled to elect new officers to the organization ' s executive council. 1AMES WALKED down Eleventh Street, east of the capitol build- ing, then turned and walked up the broad sidewalk that led to the front of the building. The lane was shaded by large magnolia trees that reflected the late afternoon sun from their shiny leaves. He was tired of walking and in a hurry to get back to his new apartment, but still interested in this new place. He was anxious to see as much as possible his first day in the city. There were Civil War statues and a monument with the names of the men killed in the Alamo next to the lane, and James read the inscriptions, turning backwards as he walked. The capitol building was old and dimly lit inside so that there was an amber cast. There were few people inside, most just passing through. He wandered to the side of the center floor of the building, through a corridor and went up the stairs. On each floor there was a circular balcony with a white railing around it. Below was the center hall with the state insignia on the floor; above was the dome with a large gold star in the middle, at the peak. On the wall surrounding the balcony were portraits of former govern- ors of the state. He walked around the wall, with hands in pockets, reading each brass plate under the paintings and study- ing each face. At the end of the row of paintings he went back to the railing and looked down to the first floor. The only person around was a girl standing in the middle of the insignia, looking up at the dome and turning in a circle. She was obviously dizzy and stopped, spreading her feet to keep from staggering. When she stopped she caught James ' stare and giggled at being caught doing something so childish. Out of politeness, James grinned back but left the railing and went down the steps. 1 didn ' t know 1 was being watched, the girl said when James got to the bottom of the stairs. She was merely smiling then. You ' re very good, he said. As a ballerina, I mean. Thank you. You didn ' t applaud though. I was afraid you didn ' t like my act. Oh I did. You ' re really very good. He laughed, smiling broadly at the same time as they walked together back through the center hall and out the rear door. You ' re new at school too, huh? she asked. First day, James said. I suppose you can tell because nobody who ' s been here ever walks through the capitol. Yep. My first time, too. I ' m James Baker. You must be Peggy Fleming. Without skates, of course. 1 didn ' t think anyone would recog- nize me. My alias is Carol Taylor. They walked out the back together and the absence of trees let the last glimpse of sunshine warm them. When the sun went down it became chilly so they walked faster. They didn ' t talk a great deal but enjoyed the other ' s com- pany and a chance to forget the strange- ness of being alone. James hoped she lived near his apartment so he could walk all the way home with her. She was the first person he could feel a camaraderie toward. Do you live in the dorms? he asked. No. In an apartment a block from the Drag. Where? The Drag. Guadalupe Street, the one that runs in front of the campus, it ' s what everybody calls it. How about you? I ' m near there, down on Twenty- third, two blocks from Guadalupe. Hey, that ' s near me. I ' m on Twenty- fourth. The pair had something to talk about then, having discovered they were neigh- bors. They talked about food and how they both probably would starve during the year because they had no jobs. They 28 talked of books and movies and records and of all the things young people talk about. Are you down here with friends? James asked when they finally got to her apartment. No. I came to get away from my friends. Don ' t you know anyone down here? Nope, I just practice dancing lessons in the capitol building, that ' s all. Don ' t you live with anyone? Oh that ' s what you ' re trying to say! Why didn ' t you just ask if you could come in? Come on, we ' ll find something to eat. The apartment was half a small house. There was a long hallway that led to the only three rooms, a bathroom on the left, kitchen in the middle, and to the right a large bedroom with a fireplace, bookcase and record player. Carol went to the kitchen, shoving the door to the bed- room-living room open so that James could sit down. Gee. I didn ' t know I ' d be in a girl ' s bedroom the first day in town. Ha. Ha, came the reply from behind the refrigerator door that was subsequent- ly kicked shut. She dropped a ring of bologna on the table with a chunk of cheese. Milk ' s all right, isn ' t it, Cassa- nova? 1 guess. If you haven ' t got any beer. You ' re too young. You don ' t drink beer, do you? she said, coming out of the kitchen and standing in the doorway to the bedroom. No, but it tastes good, I mean what little I ' ve ' had. But I don ' t want any. Milk ' s fine. She went back to slicing the meat and cheese, producing two bulky, inarticulate sandwiches on paper plates. C ' mere, you ' ll have to get your milk. They ate sitting on the edge of the bed with the record player producing the sound of the Beatles and a small bedside lamp the only light. After the sandwich she lay back on the bed, next to the pillow, and closed her eyes, listening to the music. James still sat, put the paper plates together and laid them on the floor and crossed his legs. What next, he thought. Now what comes. The ending of the record stopped his thinking. You have to shut it off, she said. It ' s broken. So James rose with a weary shove that put him on his feet which shuffled him to the record player. He turned the record over, replaced the needle and turned the sound lower. Then he looked at Carol on the bed, her hands resting behind her head, her skirt rumpled and pulled up well above her knees. She had good, long, slender, well-tanned legs. He turned to the mantle, looking at an old picture of a coyote standing on a snowy hill that overlooked a farm. James couldn ' t de- cide. He wanted to have her, but he didn ' t know if that was what she wanted also. Besides that, he didn ' t know how to go about the process. Tom Martin, in high school, had told him that everybody went to college to get laid. That was what college was for, he had said, to have fun, drink beer and lay girls. Of course, James hadn ' t expected to have the opportunity so soon. Then, also, there was the possi- bility that she didn ' t want him to; that that act was the furthest from her desires. But then why had she asked him into the bedroom? And why was she lying on the bed like that? He looked back at the picture and imagined the coyote suddenly bolting down the hill toward the cattle in the corral at the farm. He turned on his heels. Are you asleep? No, she sat up, then leaned back on her elbows and looked at him with squinting eyes. Why? J ust wondering. He walked to the bed and sat beside her, then laid back next to her. Being clumsy and possessing a particular in- experience to which he did not admit to, James offended rather than compli- mented Carol when he pulled her close and kissed her. She kissed back for a moment, then resisted when she felt his hands searching her legs under her skirt. What are you doing? she said, sitting up. Making love. She stared at him, her face suspended in a caricature of bewilderment. Then she slowly closed her eyes, relaxed, dropped her head and cried. She didn ' t cry loudly, so that the people in the other half of the house would hear, but sobbed and shook silently. She cried for five minutes in that position, her hands lying loosely, sweaty in her lap and her light brown hair shielding the side of her face from James. Finally, when the tears wouldn ' t come freely, she dropped over on her side and buried her head in the pillow and forced the anguish out. And James watched. He sat on the edge of the bed and watched this girl, for she was only a girl to him then. He sat in his stupid corduroy pants that his aunt had given him for school at the start of his senior year. He fumbled with the cuff on his orange sweatshirt that he had worn for intramural football in high school that had a picture of Charlie Brown holding a baseball glove. Then he got tired of watching the girl cry and left the room, shut the door without looking back, strode down the long hallway, and left the house. It was raining softly outside, making a splattering sound on the magnolia leaves. That was the only sound. He walked with his hands thrust deep in his pockets and his shoulders hunched up to keep his neck dry. He went past the bookstores on the Drag again and then down to Twenty- third Street. It was then, going down the street to his apartment, that he felt alone for the first time since he left home. He wished very much that he was Charlie Brown and not a coyote. Story by STUAET ANDERSON 29 EVERYONE knows the college ath- lete is the guy on a 100 per cent scholarship who gets free room and board and $15 a month spend- ing money. To athletes and coaches at UNO, such is a noble dream. While some universities do offer such an attractive program, UNO does not. The jock at UNO gets tuition (100 per cent in some cases), fees and some books paid for. No elaborate athletic dormitory exists, and, more often than not, housing itself does not exist. Any athlete coming to UNO from outside of Omaha can expect the worst. If he ' s got money of his own, the student athlete will manage. For those without, it ' s often a struggle to find enough money to buy a daily meal of McDonald ' s hamburgers. Why, then, does anyone in his right mind come to UNO? Lacking a dormitory, UNO athletes are forced to room at private dwellings like the one below. - : jAwiiMMSiS ' Ai ' iitli iif ' The out-of-town athlete — NO PLACE TO HANG HIS HAT 30 Football coach Al Caniglia said, The university has a fine reputation away from its immediate area, both academical- ly and athletically. The urban classifica- tion of our university is a plus factor in recruiting. You might say the entire city is the campus. There are no strict con- fines. With an urban university also come typically urban problems. Former UNO wrestling coach Don Benning, the only black member of the coaching staff, mentioned the varying people a coach works with. In ath- letics, he said, you find yourself work- ing with many different social and economic backgrounds. There are many individual differences, and there will be gaps between the athletes. According to Benning, Athletics pro- vide an opportunity for a lot of in- dividuals who would not normally be going to school. Because of this, you have some acute financial problems. With financial problems come housing problems, said Benning. These problems affect the performance of the athlete even when he ' s in the classroom, if you have an athletic program, you ' ll always have some out-of-town students who need housing, said Benning adding the UNO housing list is by no means ade- quate. We have a problem finding housing close to the university for a black ath- lete, said Benning. Even though the university housing policy prohibits dis- criminatory listings, vacancies seem to fill up when a black athlete inquires. Benning said the coaches must use their own contacts to find housing for their athletes. Quite often someone will agree to house a couple of athletes, but when they show up, and they ' re black, the agreement is sort of forgotten. The university must show greater responsibility in finding adequate housing for all students, said Benning. Both Benning and Caniglia agree there might be a greater percentage of athletes working than the average student. Although there are some excep- tions, said Benning, the athlete often works during his off-season to catch up for lost time. is it right for an urban university allegedly trying to aid in solving the city ' s problems to bring a poor student to Omaha for his athletic prowess and then ignore his needs? According to Benning, Any athlete i recruit knows the situation completely. The kid knows it ' s going to be extremely difficult. As a coach, though, I ' d like to know my athlete is eating at least one meal a day. If I could know that, I ' d sleep much better. Faculty Athletic Representative Dr. William Brown has questioned the appropriateness of an intercollegiate ath- letic program without the ability to pro- vide all athletes with a decent place to live. Brown has suggested the construction of an athletic dormitory at UNO. We have to play fair with the athletes, he said. But as it stands now many UNO athletes, especially out-of-town blacks, barely have enough money to live. One UNO supporter, an athletic scholarship contributor, has said, As long as the school brings athletes here for their services, it owes them something. It ' s not fair to bring them here and then forget them. UNO ' s athletic department has a dilemma on its hands. It can only go so long without a change. The department must either live up to its responsibilities or cease to exist. By STEVE PRIESMAN THE SNAIL ' S-PACED SAGA OF CAMPUS CONSTRUCTION THE MOST concise data available Construction of the $800,000 student center addition is scheduled for completion next January, concerning the 1970-71 space | shortage at the University of - j- - i Nebraska at Omaha informs stu- ; y - dents they are operating in ; approximately 45 per cent of the recom- i • mended standard national space require- — -l — - - . •- - f ents. . It is estimated that upon the com- i K ' f pletion of Kayser Hall, the Milo Bail -i- Student Center addition and phase one of the fine arts complex, total available space will reach 477,006 sq. ft. With an estimated 10,147 full-time student enroll- ment, there will then be a 47.1 sq. ft. allotment -per full-time student, an in- crease of 1 .9 sq. ft. per student. As these figures indicate, progress to- ward eradicating the space shortage on the UNO campus is slowly being made. Popular belief maintains the space problem began in 1968 when the financially decrepit Municipal University ■of Omaha (OU) became part of the University of Nebraska system. Word was then, and is often repeated 33 still, that multitudes of students from the metropolitan Omaha area were encour- aged by the merger to enroll at UNO, and the students kept coming. Public concern for the new university also grew, and overcrowding and mass enrollments were accepted as simple phenomena peculiar to a university undergoing assimilation after a merger. By 1970 more than 13,000 students will be attending classes at OU. The faculty and classrooms will have to be doubled if Omaha University is to meet the demand. The above quote is not a remark of UNO President Kirk E. Naylor concerning the rush of students following the merger. It is a 1963 statement delivered by former OU President Milo Bail. The occasion was a 1963 mill levy vote which may have exerted more influence on the merger than any other one item. The reason the mill levy election had such an impact is probably because it didn ' t pass. Funds from the mill levy were to be used for buildings, parking lots, faculty salaries, and other areas of projected need. The focal point of the whole election was called the Ten-Year Plan. First envisioned by Bail in 1949 as a master plan for campus planning and construc- tion, the idea was still non-operational in 1963. Until this time there had been many 10-year plans, each changed annually by the strife of financial misfortune and the failure of the city to support its school. The first leg of the Ten-Year Plan was the fieldhouse erected in 1949. The field- house cost about $750,000 to construct. At that time OU had a vigorous athletic program but no place invigorating to put it in. The fieldhouse was only the second building on campus at this time. The first building was the administra- tion building constructed in 1938 follow- ing a move of the original campus from Redick Hall on 24th and Pratt St. At the time of the move West Dodge High, a nickname still attached to the university by stude nts and public alike, was to be situated on the far western fringes of the city. At this time university officials were offered a tract of land west to 72nd St. and north of Dodge St. The land was refused under the presumption that the existing administration building would never get too small. By 1939 student newspaper reports complained of space shortages. Bail, however, foresaw student enroll- ment increases, thus, initiating the Ten- Year Plan, soon to reach an early death. The Ten-Year Plan had many features. The first priority going to the library may never have been realized had the building not been donated. The student center was priority number two. Scheduled for com- pletion in 1956, the center was finished in 1960. Also planned was an applied arts (engineering) building for 1957; it was finished in 1959. For all practical purposes, there ended the Ten-Year Plan. Except for additions to the library and engineering building in the early ' 60s no campus construction Aspirin does little to remedy the headache of campus expansion. Money seems to be the only cure. 34 occurred until after the merger. There was, however, a great deal of campus planning. A classroom office building situated behind the administration build- ing was scheduled for completion by 1964; a fine arts building west of the student center was scheduled for com- pletion in 1965, and an addition to the fieldhouse for women ' s physical edu- cation classes and non-competitive ath- letics was also planned. High rise parking was in the planning as early as 1954. Plans were also drawn up for parking in the Elmwood ravine in the early ' 60s. Parking beneath the stadium in the early ' 60s, a student center addition in 1965, a biology-chemistry building as early as 1962, and an addition to the engineering building almost equal in size to that of the existing engineering building were also scheduled for construc- tion. But Omaha voters refused to be taken by this extravagant plea for money. The mill levy was defeated, and shortly afterward Bail resigned as presi- dent. In the fall of 1966, Bail returned and presented a plan to merge the University of Omaha with the University of Nebras- ka. By January a merger plan was before the state legislature. CAPITAL CONSTRUCTION FORM NO. 61 APRIL 1970 BIENNIUM PRIORITY: 7 PROJECT TITLE: Classroom - Facul- ty Office Building BRIEF PROJECT DESCRIPTION: 20, 700 sq. ft. general classroom; 39,300 sq. ft. faculty offices; 7,500 sq. ft. special purposes. Funds re- quested: $4,500,000; which is Kayser Hall, the $1,580,000 education building, will be ready for use this fall. The five-story structure will house classrooms and faculty offices. 35 Kayser Hall is the newest addition to campus. equivalent to about $40 per sq. ft. Find above brief concerning proposed classroom office building to the front of present administration building. Current status on project: stagnant. Funds refused by legislature. Inability to begin project imposes severe restrictions on progress of campus planning. We are, however, making progress. Foresee no alternative to raising current 77 per cent classroom usage rate. Currently, temporary annex buildings, totaling 18, are in use 96 per cent of the time the university is open. Administra- tion building classrooms, totaling 23, have 81 per cent usage, engineering, totaling 14, 73 per cent usage; All wine Hall, totaling 17, 68 per cent. Average hour-use per classroom: 43.83 hours weekly. Completion of campus master plan by campus master planning firm Caudill, Rowlett, Scott expected to provide firm base in requesting future expenditures; details to follow. That was the state of the university then; the current campus of the future is now being planned. The campus master plan by Caudill, Rowlett and Scott calls for the university to extend to 69th St. to the west and Howard St. to the south with use of the Elmwood Park ravine, other new parking facilities, and sufficient building con- struction to accommodate 20,000 stu- dents. The classroom office building and the library are desperately needed. There are so many deteriorating factors right now that we ' re just barely keeping pace. If the classroom office building were approved, we ' d ask for library funding in 197T As it is, everything is put off. So say s Campus Planning Director Rex Engebret- son. Taking office last summer, Engebret- son is the latest in a long line of campus planners who have nothing with which to plan. Planned as a twin to the education building, the classroom office building was to be funded this year with con- struction set to begin in 1971. But chances look better for the university to obtain funding on the library than the classroom office building. Nebraska Governor J. j. Exon even used the UNO library as a consideration in vetoing the cigarette tax slated to go for construction of the Lincoln fieldhouse. According to Engebretson, library monies will not be directed toward ex- pansion of the present library, but toward the construction of a new library. The present library will become an area converted to administrative space. It would be almost exactly enough to match administrative needs with an enrollment of 20,000, says Engebretson. The library would be set in just about the center of campus — the projected campus, that is. That would place it slightly to the southwest of the Storz property. It is expected to be five stories, cost $5.5 million, and contain three times the space of the present library. The library would be part of an over-all scheme to make sections of the campus more accessible and would be situated on the spine, or main artery of traffic flow for the university. Hopefully, the spine would go right through the first floor of the library and house lounges, food service areas, shops and maybe even a bookstore on the side of a mall. Other planks of the long range plan urge the university to construct three major buildings: a physical education addition to the fieldhouse; a physical science building; and phase two of the fine arts complex. The muscle addition would have a swimming pool, house women ' s physical education classes and contain non- intercollegiate athletic events. The addi- tion would probably be built to the south of the current fieldhouse. 36 The fieldhouse renovation, which was completed last fall, included a new synthetic floor covering plus faculty offices and athletic practice rooms. The physical science building would be almost directly west of the engineering building, and the second phase of the fine arts building will go west of the student center. Engebretson sees 69th St. to about 66th St. from Dodge to Howard as parking with landscaping in front. The majority of new buildings will be five stories at most, except for one which may go to a tower because of limited landscape in the area. The tower will be largely faculty offices. There will be some buildings that will be predomin- ately offices, says Engebretson. To begin this grandiose plan, Engebret- son says the university would like to acquire approximately 20 acres in the next two to three years ... to get to about 67th St. The university needs to add 1,339,461 sq. ft. to the campus in order to meet the planning standard of 91 sq. ft. per full-time student, says Enge- bretson who noted that about four home- owners are ready to sell at the present time. Engebretson says much of the con- struction will be done in stages due to financial distress. Our needs can be logically and very visibly demonstrated, he adds. It is then up to the legislature to review. We hope to get funds in an orderly manner so we aren ' t always in a condition of crisis. We expect to be in a state of con- struction for about the next 10 years, says Engebretson, hopefully with two or three buildings going up at the same time. Once we ' ve finalized the plans somewhat, then we can start obtaining land as the money is available. Even with all the legislative and financial problems Engebretson and his office have encountered in the past year, he hopes to begin before 1977. Engebretson says the master plan will keep in mind the nature of the institu- tion, compactness and urbanity. The campus will be a foot-traveled campus designed to service the individual. Total cost for the implementation of the master plan is expected to exceed $27 million. And if they ever get that $27 million, what ' s it mean to the present UNO student? Not much. He ' s still got the parking problem, the classroom space shortage and the cramped eating facilities. But for the student of tomorrow, the planners, administrators and legislators of today might possibly be able to put the lid on Pandora ' s box of troubles and maybe even clean up the evils that have already been loosed. By TODD SIMON 37 WHY WOULD ANYONE WANT TO BE IN A BEAUTY CONTEST ANYWAY? TO THE girls participating, a local beauty pageant is a real and im- portant facet of their lives, it is a serious matter, not the farce it may seem to outsiders who never see the interview where most contests are won or lost. Why would anyone ever want to be in or win a beauty contest anyway? Perhaps the most obvious and the least talked about reason is competition. The desire to win, to wear the crown and walk the ramp also combine with the attention and prestige of being Miss Omaha or Miss UNO, intangible desires many girls cannot even explain. More practical rea- sons for competing include winning the money and gaining poise and experience. Mariana Bybee, a freshman at UNO and a semi-finalist in the Miss Omaha contest, said, I tried out partially be- cause of the scholarship offered. It also helps me become poised and learn to feel at ease with the audience. Mariana, a 5 ' 5 brunette, competed for the Miss Oregon title the previous year. Mariana ' s roommate and close friend. Sue Perry, said she tried out for Miss Omaha because of the scholarship and because she loves to entertain. Susan is also a UNO freshman who sings in a group called the Brothers and Sisters. Before trying out for Miss UNO in 1970, 1 thought these beauty pageants were a farce, said Jeanine Giller. But after that contest I realized the judges were looking for more than just a beauti- ful face and figure. In order to win, the young lady has to be intelligent, and I liked that. Mary jochim, currently Miss UNO, agrees. Mary said, I can understand the rationale behind some radical women ' s lib group in calling pageants cattle shows, but you have to have something between your ears to win besides Maybelline eyes and a flashy smile. To the contestants, these pageants aren ' t just to determine who is the most beautiful but also the most intelligent and the most personable. This is where the interview comes in. The interview is a most important part of the contest. There are no points alloted here, and the audience never sees this phase of competition. During the interview the judges can get an idea of the girl ' s personality. Mary Jochim said, If you do well in the interview, everything you do from then on will look that much better. J eanine Giller agrees that the interview session is all-important. The interview is the key to winning. During this im- pressionable period the judges see your personality, and if you are the best interviewee, you win. During an interview session the con- testants are taken one-by-one into a special room. Each is then introduced to the judges. Anxious and tense, the con- testant smiles and sits lady-like in front of the semi-circle of judges waiting for the barrage of questions soon to follow. The judges themselves set the mood for the afternoon interview. If they are stern and straight-faced, the girl realizes the seriousness of the matter, as was the case at the Miss UNO pageant. If the judges are full of smiles and kind words, then the interview can be a pleasant experience, as was the Miss Omaha ses- sion. The judges then ask the contestant questions. The interview session at the Two finalists . . . hoping. 38 for more campus beauty, turn page Miss UNO pageant was politically orient- ed with pointed questions being raised. One judge seemed to control tine situ- ation. Eacli semi-finalist has a chance for the crown at this point; therefore, she is likely to be very nervous and upset. Examples of the type of questions raised at the 1971 Miss UNO contest might be as follows: Judge: Where do you live? Contestant: West Omaha. Judge: Do you know who your repre- sentative is in the Nebraska legisla- ture? Contestant: (meekly) No. Judge: Can you give me three articles from the front page of the Omaha World-Herald last week? Contestant: The Calley trials, the Millard Annexation and the SST. Judge: Yes, but can you give me another local story? Contestant: (nervously) I ' m sorry but I can ' t think of any right off hand. Another judge interrupts and says, I think that ' s just fine. Judge: Can you tell me just who the governor is? Contestant: (quite shaken by now) Yes, J. J. Exon, who doesn ' t want to give UNO much money. (All but one judge laughs.) Judge: How much money? Contestant: I ' m not quite sure, but right now UNO students are paying 50 per cent of their tuition, and with the increase in costs the stu- dents will have to pay 53 per cent of their tuition while other college students pay only 25-35 per cent. Judge: You should join Chancellor Varner ' s team. Thank you. Another contestant had a similar shakedown. She was asked her opinion of the 18-year-old vote. She replied 18-year- olds should vote because they are very aware of what is going on. The most talkative judge then asked who her repre- sentative to the Nebraska Unicameral was, and the 19-year-old contestant didn ' t know. Almost all the girls were asked who their representatives were. Only one girl knew: the winner. In contrast, the Miss Omaha interview was much more personal, with only a few deep questions thrown in to discover each contestant ' s opinions. All five judges asked questions. The interview, whether it be a pleasant or unpleasant experience, aids the girls afterward. Contestants must be ready to answer any type of question in a polite and friendly manner Jeanine Ciller, first runner-up for Miss UNO, said, I feel the contests I have entered have been worth it. There is so much to be gained, like learning how to wear make-up properly and to feel at ease in front of the audience and judges. Jeanine also felt the interview will help later on when applying for a job. Second runner-up in the Miss UNO pageant, Nancy Rice, said, I came out with a lot more than 1 went in with. I ' ve learned to have a lot more poise in speaking with others and in the way I present myself. These contests can be beneficial if you enter the contest with the idea of competing against yourself, said Mary Jochim. There ' s a wealth of knowledge you can gain by analyzing your perform- ance and discovering where you can improve the next time. John Love, general chairman of the Miss Omaha pageant, shares these opinions. Over the years we have found that participation in the Miss Omaha Pageant gives a girl that extra edge of confidence and self-respect that becomes so much more important later. ■ The announcement . ' Miss UNO 1971 is Mary Jochim. Runners-up Nancy Rice (left) and Jeanine Giller (right) watch. •Tut; Lambda Chi Alpha Crescent Girl The 1970 Lambda Chi Alpha Crescent Girl is ... . Trudy Ford. Trudy Ford, a junior, has been affiliated with the fraternity for three years. As a freshman she was named Pledge Sweetheart, and as a sopho- more she was asked to join the Crescent Auxiliary. Now, as Crescent Girl, Trudy will be president of the auxiliary. Trudy was rush chairman for Sigma Kappa sorority, historian for SPO and a member of the Student Senate. The night she was named Crescent Girl, Trudy also became engaged to a Lambda Chi. Lambda Chi Alpha Pledge Class Sweetheart On the first day of school, I got to know the Lambda Chi ' s, Bonnie said, we got to be good friends. Then on Nov. 28, 1970 in the Blackstone ballroom. Miss Bonnie Connor was named Lambda Chi Alpha Pledge Class Sweetheart and was given a gold engraved bracelet. Bonnie has many extra-curricular activities, which include Indiannes, Track and Baseball Auxiliary, and Chairman of Ma-ie Day activities. Pi Kappa Alpha Dream Girl Being named Pi Kappa Alpha Dream Girl was probably the best honor I ever received, said Sandi Helligso. Sandi has been dating Pikes since she was a freshman. As a junior she cheered for their football team and was elected Pi Kappa Alpha Queen Flush. This year she married Pike Tom Helligso. The Pike pledges gave Sandi a gold sword and a dozen red roses for being Dream Girl. She also has her name engraved on a traveling trophy. Sandi is a senior with a 3.24 GPA and is a member of Chi Omega soror- ity. She also was vice president of Panhellenic and Waokiya. She has also served on the Student Senate and SPO. Pi Kappa Alpha Queen Flush I was watching the Pike pledge- active football game, and at half time the pledges literally picked me up and carried me off. 1 didn ' t know what was going on. This is the way junior Diane Doug- las described how she was announced Pi Kappa Alpha Queen Flush. Diane has been dating a member of the fraternity for five years. Miss Douglas is an independent and has worked with the Student Council for Exceptional Children. Sigma Phi Epsilon Playmate Jan Nemecek, a 5 ' 5 brunette, was elected the 1970 Sigma Phi Epsilon Playmate in December. The dance was held at Eden West. Jan received a dozen red roses and a locket with the fraternity ' s initials engraved on it. Miss Nemecek was also given a heart-shaped necklace, the symbol of the fraternity. As a sophomore, Jan is active in Sig Ep Little Sisters, Zeta Tau Alpha and Pin-Ops. She is also secretary of the Ski Club and last year was voted Typical Indianne. 4 • i It. . --v iiA Tau Kappa Epsilon Sweetheart Glenda Roth, the youngest queen, was recently named Tau Kappa Sweet- heart for 1970. Glenda is a freshman, active in Sigma Kappa sorority, the UNO band and the Baseball Auxiliary. She was pledge class president. I was looking for my shoes when they announced who won, Glenda said. When a TKE member came to escort me, I asked him what he was doing. Miss Roth was completely surprised when she was elected. The fraternity gave her a dozen red roses. The Hilton was the scene for the dance. Theta Chi Dream Girl The Theta Chi ' s are probably the most sincere bunch of guys I ' ll ever know, Jeanine said. That ' s why I like them so much. Jeanine Giller was elected Theta Chi Dream Girl at a dance at the Blackstone. She was given a silver platter and a dozen red roses. Jeanine is a member of the Theta Chi Little Sisters and Chi Omega sorority. Also included in her activities are Student Senate, cheerleading, debate and Indiannes. Jeanine is currently dating a Theta Chi; her sister is married to a Theta Chi, and her brother was a Theta Chi pledge. UNO Top Co-ed One of UNO ' s most active co-eds, Miss Jackie Hammer was chosen Top Co-ed at UNO on Feb. 12, 1971. A three-judge panel chose Jackie from a group of 12. The winner must be well-groomed and also an active participant in school and community activities. The girls model two outfits and answer a question. The Top Co-ed is chosen on her poise and personality. Jackie maintains a high accumula- tive grade point average and is a mem- ber of Zeta Tau Alpha sorority. Miss Hammer, a journalism major, is also an Indianne and was cultural editor for the Gateway fall semester. Tomahawk Beauty Queen Becoming Tomahawk Beauty Queen has been great because it has given me a real opportunity to get into activities and to meet people, UNO freshman Cher Fangman said. Cher is a second semester freshman who stayed out of school a year before coming to UNO. I was really dissatis- fied with myself. 1 was working some, but I really wasn ' t doing anything, Cher added, so I decided to come to college. Right after the contest Miss Fang- man was spotlighted in the familiar cherchez la femme feature in the Sun Newspapers. The tall, slender blonde plans on becoming a professional model follow ing college. Writing, television and broadcasting comprise THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF THE FOURTH ESTATE FROM PUBLIC relations to poetry, the communications art is actively functioning in all its forms at UNO. A quick stroll around the campus will show the broad scope of outlets for communicative talent and ideas. From the main floor of the Student Center, Terry Humphrey is poring over possible cover designs for the next issue of the new quarterly alumni magazine, UNO. in annex 1, a distinctive lamp above the door at KRNO-FM proclaims, On The Air. It ' s not quite true, but soon it will be. One corner of the engineering building houses the editorial staffs of the Gateway and Tomahawk. As the established semi- weekly voice of the student body, the Gateway affords excellent opportunities for practical experience in news report- ing, editing and photography. Tomahawk editor Julie Salem has junked the traditional yearbook concept this year in favor of a magazine format, in the face of some opposition, three magazine issues are being published. One retains the yearbook flavor and contains organization and individual senior photos. Upstairs is the university-operated educational television station, KYNE-TV. With full color capability, 60 hours of instructional broadcasting are provided to the greater Omaha area weekly. Grain of Sand emanates from the English department offices in the library annex. The literary magazine gave prizes to winning authors in its May issue. The Office of Information in the head shed is the public relations agency for the university. Under the direction of The KYNE television tower exemplifies visual communications on campus. Channel 26 on the UHF band provides educational programs for the Omaha area. Fritz Leigh plays music over KRNO which has been licensed to broadcast this fall as station KVNO. Ralph Bradley, the full-time staff is pri- marily involved in keeping the outside public informed and in maintaining har- monious community relations. Students are actively involved in the daily process of radio broadcasting, tele- vision programming, magazine editing, newspaper reporting and the myriad tasks necessary to support all these functions. Currently some 104 students are working in these fields. Some are paid; many are volunteers. Several receive academic credit for their efforts. In talking with the editors, advisers, station managers and directors, a sense of evolution is evident. Changing patterns of format and procedure are the rule — not change for the sake of change, but planned, progressive change with a defin- ite purpose of improving the service provided. With progress and innovations. problems go hand-in-hand. A closer look at the working level shows how some of these are handled. This year the alumni publication changed from a bi-monthly tabloid to a quarterly magazine. Overall costs will be less, and greater effort will be possible in the preparation of each issue. The maga- zine has a threefold purpose: to provide a forum for communication between alumni; to inform the alumni of matters pertaining to the university; and to fur- ther their continuing education. News reporting is not the intent of the magazine, nor is any fund-raising effort included. Periodic mailings of newsletters and ballots are relied upon to solicit funds and to report facts on topics of immediate interest. Terry Humphrey, executive secretary of the Alumni Association, has a small staff consisting of a secretary and several students. The office is being moved from the student center to the Storz house this summer. In Humphrey ' s words, UNO has an image problem. It ' s not a school for the rich; it ' s mostly for working class families. He believes the alumni will take pride in an attractive magazine and will be encouraged to place it on display. The diversity in age, interests and walks of life among the 21,000 alumni is such that an editorial stand on issues is very difficult. Many issues that are currently hot on campus may be of little interest to those who have left the campus life far behind. Most alumni do not have a ' burning heat ' interest in campus affairs, according to Humphrey. After almost two years of waiting for government approval to begin actual broadcasting, the student staff of FM radio station KRNO beamed nightly pro- grams into the student center during spring semester. Programs aired from 4 p.m. to 7 p.m. represented a simulation of the schedule planned for the frequency modulated broadcast. Music heard was middle-of- the-road, jazz, folk and classical. Rock music will be included in the actual programming, but was only occasionally represented then. The reason for this was the familiarity of most of the radio staff members with rock. The bulk of pro- gramming experience needed is in the other areas of music cited above, says Station Manager Fritz Leigh, not rock. KRNO exists to provide a practical training ground for potential FM radio staff personnel. When operational, it will be a part of the university radio-television department. Following the reception of the FCC license, the station plans to go on the air this fall after a move to the Storz house sometime this summer. Fine arts programming is the format most needed in Omaha, Leigh says. 44 Summer Gateway Editor John Malone (right) confers with former editor Dave Mack. The student newspaper is published twice weekly during the regular academic year and weekly during the summer. KRNO-FM radio intends to provide that. Loved by some; cussed by many; read by them all. This statement was used for many years by a crusty, country editor in the flag of his weekly news- paper. It seems to reflect the dilemma facing any newspaper that serves a finite, single-area public. Campus newspapers are no exception, and the Gateway might be a typical example. Beginning this school year with the largest Gateway staff ever assembled. Editor Mike Meiches steered his coverage toward the affairs of the local campus. His assistants, many specifically recruited from Omaha high schools, labored en- thusiastically to expand the newspaper and to make it truly representative of the student body. Most of the Gateway 55 were new, and one-third of them were freshmen. Says Meiches, We made a lot of mistakes, but we worked hard and really enjoyed it. He points out that student publications are basically training vehicles. Dave Mack, second semester editor, says the primary purpose of the Gateway is to inform. Ideally, the campus news- paper should provide all the information about university activities that any person on campus needs to know. All other content, such as entertainment features, are of secondary importance. Mack says the two basic problems now are a shortage of personnel and limita- tions on access to information. Although some 15 people are con- sidered st£fffers, most of the newspaper is published by a hard-core staff of about five. The second problem lies in the re- luctance of administration and faculty sources in divulging full information to student reporters, according to Mack. At times this stems from a tendency to hedge on unfavorable facts and to release only the good news; sometimes they are just too busy. Students tend to regard the newspaper as an organ of the journalism department. In reality, student editors have a free rein as to the content of their publications, subject to their sense of responsibility to their public, the students. Faculty ad- visers are for mechanical and financial advice and guidance. UNO President Kirk E. Naylor considers student newspapers a means of providing information and a forum for communi- cation. Realizing that some unfavorable situations are bound to occur, he remains a staunch advocate of editorial freedom. I fully support non-censorship of stu- dent publications. The Gateway will continue through the summer sessions with publication of one issue each week. John Malone, a sophomore, will edit the 11-paper publi- cation. Employers of budding journalists are interested in any experience that may have been gained, however limited. Practi- cal work in publishing a magazine or newspaper represents a much better set of credentials than compiling an annual or yearbook. This was part of the basic premise of Julie Salem upon her appoint- ment as editor of the 1970-71 Toma- hawk. She proposed, and the Publications Committee agreed, that three issues of a contemporary style magazine be pub- lished during the school year. Amplifying the concept. Miss Salem points out that as many as 50 students can contribute to these three issues, as opposed to about 10 who would nor- mally do the work on a yearbook. Al- though interest in writing for the maga- zine was not overwhelming during the fall semester, the advent of a course in 45 Marian Warden, Office of Information, inter- views Assistant Education Dean Tom Norwood. magazine article writing in January cre- ated a source of potential talent and interest. Thrice-yearly publication of the Toma- hawk renders it more valuable in at least one other regard. President Naylor says the new magazine appears extremely useful as a public relations piece. It is placed before the public more often, thereby increasing its audience exposure. It remains to be seen whether the idea will take hold, or if the student majority will prefer to return to the traditional hard-cover yearbook. I would really like to see the magazine retained, Miss Salem 46 says, even if it is in addition to the yearbook. The Tomahawk has attempted to cover all organizations and facets of campus life in its three issues. The middle issue contains those group photos and individual photos of seniors normally found in a yearbook. KYNE television is a department of the university similar to the band or athletics. It is under contract to the Nebraska Educational Television Commis- sion. The Metropolitan Omaha Educa- tional Broadcasting Association (MOEBA) reimburses the university for the use of production facilities, engineer- ing services and offices. MOEBA is a non-profit corporation composed of public, private and parochial school systems, cultural institutions and commercial broadcasters in Omaha. UNO is a member. The nine-station, Nebraska network is one of the pioneers in state educational broadcasting. More than 100,000 stu- dents and 3,000 teachers are served by this facility. Members are entitled to the programming service, teacher orientation, classroom study-guide materials and other assistance. This is a team teaching ef- fort, says Station Manager Paul Borge. Closed circuit television classes are pre- sented on the campus. Video tape lessons are also available for individual study or review by university students. On the air since 1965, KYNE-TV initiated color transmission last year. This made MOEBA the first ETV agency in Nebraska to have full color production capability. Only one-fourth of all ETV stations in the nation originate in color. The campus literary magazine. Grain of Sand, has existed in the same general form since 1951. Just a year ago it was expanded to its present size and began using photos. Prior to the current issue, the maga- zine was published by the English depart- ment. Now it is under the auspices of the Student Publications Committee. The editors are seeking contributions from all students and from faculty members. Traditionally, Grain of Sand has spon- sored a literary contest annually among area high schools, awarding scholarships to authors of the poems and fiction stories selected for publication in the magazine. This spring, a new program was begun, awarding prizes to on-campus winners among the contributors to the May issue. Another recent innovation is the change in cover design and color with each issue. Grain of Sand editors, like those for the Gateway and Tomahawk, are selected each semester by the Student Publi- cations Committee. Unlike the others, Grain of Sand editors ' efforts are purely voluntary. Last spring ' s editor Bruce Arnold be- lieves the offering of cash prizes for outstanding selections created a more professional atmosphere and encouraged writers to contribute to the magazine. He terms the response for the spring issue as fantastic. The Office of Information prepares news releases for all media in the Omaha area, hometown news stories dealing with graduating bootstrappers and others, and various feature articles for placement in appropriate publications. This staff also publishes university directories, catalogs, bulletins and newsletters for use on campus. Activities such as press conferences, special luncheons, the president ' s com- munity breakfasts and the University Speakers Bureau are planned and ar- ranged by personnel of the Office of Information. Queries received from news media for information on the activities of indi- viduals or organizations on campus are usually referred directly to a spokesman for that source. Director of I nformation Ralph Bradley is a registered lobbyist with the Nebraska Unicameral and expends the greater portion of his personal effort in that capacity during the legislative session. President Naylor sees the purpose of campus communications as a continual search for the answer to the question, How can the various publics be best informed and stimulated? He says all communications media have a direct impact upon people. Sometimes this impact is positive, sometimes negative. Expressing his real concern that the University of Nebraska at Omaha be presented in a favorable light, Dr. Naylor says, I ' m appreciative and pleased with the efforts of all campus communicative agencies, and I ' m con- vinced they are all interested in con- tinuing to do an even better job. By ED JENKINS Tom Dvorak, producer-director for KYNE-TV, works in the control room during a summer production. Summer programming o n KYNE included a series of programs on the Nebraska legislature. The programs were video taped and later shown over Channel 26. 47 The regents hold an open public session on the first Saturday of each month and generally alternate the site of each meeting among the three campuses. OMNIPOTENT OCTAGON OF ACADEMIA GOVERNANCE OF the University of Nebraska system rests on the shoulders of eight individuals known collectively as the Board of Regents. A mixture of doctors, lavi ' yers, farmers and businessmen, the regents meet monthly to set the policies for the three campuses v hich comprise the system. Administrative and faculty hiring and firing, tuition and fee struc- tures, budgets and appropriations, and land acquisition and expansion all fall into the regents ' dominion. Over the past few months, all of these areas of jurisdiction have meant problems for the regents. At their February meet- ing, the regents voted to dismiss Dr. Stephen Rozman, an assistant professor of political science at the Lincoln campus who was involved in the occupation of the school ' s ROTC building during a protest of the Cambodian invasion. Rozman, claiming the regents ' action against him was illegal, irrational and arbitrary, filed suit against the regents asking reinstatement and $100,000 com- pensatory damages. The matter is present- ly being litigated in US District Court. A month later, at a meeting on the UNO campus, the regents chose not to renew the contract of Duke Hubbard, an assistant professor of educational ad- ministration at UNL. Hubbard said he too would contest the regents ' action on the grounds that the board did not notify him before the required deadline, but he has since resigned. At issue in the firing of the Lincoln professors, in addition to their dismissal, was the refusal of the Board of Regents to allow the professors to address the board in their own behalf. Both Rozman and Hubbard asked permission to address the board after the regents ruled in favor of dismissal. Both were denied. When the professors became more vocal in protest- ing their firing, the board hastily ad- journed in both instances. Between the firing of the two Lincoln professors, another problem beset the regents. The regents asked the state to allocate $123.8 million in state funds for the University of Nebraska system during the 1971-73 biennium. Nebraska Gover- nor J. J. Exon slashed the operations request to $80.9 million, causing regents ' President Robert Raun to comment, The budget proposals are definitely not capable of keeping the University of Nebraska in the forefront of higher edu- cation. Expansion policies of UNO came under attack at two regents ' meetings. In March, an Omaha woman, Kathryn Reisser, attempted to present the board with a petition calling for the immediate suspension of all new building projects at UNO until the master building plan is completed and approved. The regents refused to hear the woman during their meeting since the matter was not on the agenda, but did appoint a committee to hear the woman at the meeting ' s con- clusion. In May, a group of residents to the west of UNO came before the regents to protest proposed university expansion into their neighborhood. Although the item was not on the agenda, Regent Robert Prokop asked the board to permit the group to speak since the regents are trying to become more and more involved with the public. The entrance of the regents into the 48 area of administrative hiring was necessi- tated at a March meeting when UNL President Joseph Soshnil resigned. The regents accepted Soshnik ' s resignation with deep regret and directed Chancel- lor Durward Varner to launch an immedi- ate search for a successor to Soshnik. The regents exercised their authority over university tuition rates at their April meeting by increasing resident tuition for summer school three dollars and non- resident tuition twelve dollars. This same meeting saw the regents override an attempt by Regent Prokop to refuse tenure to 114 university faculty members. Prokop objected to the tenure system because it is a failure in that it protects incompetency. The regent called tenure the only manner where a man is guaranteed a life-time job no matter what his output and performance is, but the other regents voted to grant tenure to the faculty recommended. The regents entered the area of stu- dent fees in March by calling for an opinion poll on the university ' s student newspapers. Regent Kermit Hansen asked for the poll as a means of exploring the possibility of moving the campus news- papers to a self-supporting status. The results of the poll have since been re- leased, but the regents have not acted on them. Any governing body with a juris- diction as broad as that of the Board of Regents is bound to receive criticism. Criticism of the regents has been loud and frequent during the past academic year. The main kttack levied against the regents has been over what many consider their violation of the Nebraska Open Meetings law. The law requires the regents as elected officials to conduct open, public meetings whenever the expenditure of tax monies is involved. The petition filed by Mrs. Reisser to the board charged that the law is ignored by the regents who custom- arily have secret meetings. The charge is in reference to the informal, closed meetings which precede each monthly public meeting. Many people believe the university is governed through the informal meetings, and the public meetings are merely a vehicle for rubber-stamping closed-door decisions. Critics say the frequent unanimity of regent voting attests to this. Regent Hansen disagrees. He says, It is essential that personnel matters, prop- erty acquisition matters and other matters of a delicate nature be discussed in advance. However, Hansen stresses, No formal action is ever taken during our informal meetings, and I ' ve often been surprised by the results of the voting when we do take action at the formal meetings. A recorded transcript is made of each meeting. Students questioned the regents ' policy on discrimination during a March meeting at UNO. The protest was directed at five regents who are members of a private club having an all-white membership. 49 Presidential hiring will concern the regents for some time. UNL ' s President Joseph Soshnik (left) has resigned; UNO ' s President Kirk Naylor (center) has entered the job market, and President Cecil Wittson (right) of the Medical Center will reach the mandatory retirement age after next year. Chancellor Durward Varner (left) explains a motion on the floor to Omaha Regent James Moylan. Varner presents the progress and problems of the university system at each monthly regents ' meeting. i Another area of criticism of the re- gents is their rule requiring that anyone wishing to address the board must request permission to do so two weel s prior to the board ' s meeting. Used against Rozman, Hubbard and Mrs. Reisser but waived for the group opposing UNO ' s westward expansion, the rule, according to critics, stifles public input at regents ' meetings. Hansen agrees with this criticism and has proposed that a 60-minute discussion period take place before the regents ' public meetings. Raun is also in favor of a means that will improve communica- tion with students, faculty and the public. The regents are considering Hansen ' s proposal but have not yet acted on it. Criticism of the regents ' treatment of non-tenured faculty members grew out of the board ' s firing of Rozman and Hub- bard. Rozman ' s dismissal came after a faculty committee appointed by the re- gents found him not guilty of inap- propriate actions. Regent James Moylan defends regents ' control over all university employees. The regents are charged with the ulti- mate responsibility for all university per- sonnel. The final authority over that personnel must rest with the regents. Possibly because there has been criti- cism over the way the university is being governed, the Faculty Senate of UNL has asked the regents to call for an Academic Constitutional Convention this summer in order to draft a basic document for governance of the university. The con- vention would include delegates repre- senting the regents, administration, faculty and students and would be charged with drafting a constitution that would enumerate the powers, functions and responsibilities of the constituent parts of the university. The regents have ruled in favor of the convention, and as Hansen put it, It might make our job a whole lot easier. ■ IT WAS a dark and dreary day. Super- student sprang from his bed at the first sound of the alarm, his hands still clutching the textbook he had laid aside the night before. He read two chapters while completing his toilet, another chapter as he hurriedly munched his corn flakes. He then dashed to his room and pausing only an instant to admire the walls papered with straight A report cards, he snatched up his books and departed for school. Good-bye, my mother. It ' s a dark and dreary day, son! Yes, my mother, but tomorrow will be a brighter day. Stay home, son. Geminis should forego and avoid any studential activities today. I heard it on KOIL. But, mother, I can ' t stay home. It ' s the day of the big test, and ignoring his mother ' s pleas, superstudent dashed from the house. Walking briskly he had read one and one-half chapters and was halfway to school when he stumbled over a legless beggar on the street and fell sprawling. Look what you ' ve done, legless beg- gar; you ' ve made me lose my place in a most interesting and enlightening tome, he cried as he picked himself up. Lu- ckily my supersharp, superstudent brain noted at the instant of tripping that I was on page 797 of Chapter 49 near the end of the 27th line — right where the ancient by golly! existentialists cleverly put down all comers in a ... . It ' s a dark and dreary day, son, said the legless beggar rudely interrupting our young hero. Yes, replied SS, but tomorrow will be a brighter day. t heard it on KOIL. Go home, son. In my dreams last night I was forewarned that today I would be sent sprawling by a stumbling student, and I was to tell you to go home. But I can ' t go home. Today is the big test. Why, it ' s the last test of the season. Well, then could you spare a quarter for a cup of coffee, sonny? But the request went unheeded. Supers had found his page. As SStudent arrived at the doors of the administration building something made him pause and look back. And a wondrous thing happened. A vision ap- peared in the sky, and it spake to SupStu saying, Superstudent, hear me! Oh, ' A ' amasser. Oh, 4.0 fanatic. Listen and heed. This is not your day, boy! Return from whence ye came. Shouldn ' t that be to whence instead of from whence? mused Superstudent. Then a choir of distinguished intel- lectuals appeared singing, Glory be to superstudent; today is a day for you to be prudent. Forget the big test, and take it on the lam, you can always take a make-up exam. But SS wrenched his eyes from the vision and, flinging the doors wide, marched boldly down the hall and determinedly into the classroom and sat resolutely in his seat with head held high. He glanced at his watch. Darn, only enough time for a quick brush up, just eight hours till test time. In another section of town, as super- student buckled down to some serious review. Professor A. B. Ore, affection- ately known to his students as Professor Ore, arose from a restless, sleepless night. Damn! It looks like another dark and 51 dreary day. He nicked himself three times while shaving; the electric tooth brush motor burned out, and when he sat on the stool he forgot to put the seat down and sank to his buttocks in the icy water. The toast is burnt, and my eggs are runny, he growled at his wife. His car wouldn ' t start, and he had to take a taxi to school where, upon arriv- ing, he found he had forgotten the lecture notes for his first class. And the co-ed in the front row was wearing a pant suit instead of her usual micro-mini. It ' s a really dark and really gloomy day, by golly! exclaimed Prof Ore. Meanwhile superstudent with his super, acutely-trained mind had blanked out all extraneous details and was, of course, oblivious to his surroundings. Devouring about a page a minute, this A. J. Foyt of textbookery had re-read the 10-volume text and was beginning the first of 74 paperbacks ranging from an- cient antiquity to invalid validity. Pausing for an instant to glance at his watch, he started visibly upon perceiv- ing that there were only four hours till test time. A janitor cleaning the classroom had up to this point considered the immobile SS a part of the furnishings, and when SS started the janitor was so startled that he too started. This, of course, startled the already shaken SupStu, and again he started startledly thereby losing almost 30 seconds of study time. That 30 seconds will have to be deducted from my 5-minute lunch break, he thought grimly and plunged anew into his work. Meanwhile Professor A. B. Ore was walking to his 12:20 class in elementary elements, when passing through a large group of students, he discovered he was in the middle of a demonstration. Before he could say, There must be some mistake here; I ' m Professor A. B. Ore, he found he had been herded along with the demonstrators into a paddy wagon. There must be some mistake here, the Professor said to the unkempt individual seated beside him in the paddy wagon. I ' m Professor A. B. Ore. Whereupon the occupants of the paddy wagon broke into loud cheers mistakenly assuming that the professor was championing their cause. As Professor Ore emerged from the paddy wagon at Central Police Station, the students called to the waiting TV and newspaper reporters, This is Professor A. B. Ore. He ' s on our side. Before the professor could explain his position, he was taken inside. By the time the professor was able to convince the police he wasn ' t part of the demonstration, the afternoon paper was on the street. Emerging from the police station he passed a newsstand and saw the headlines, Professor Ore Champions Students in their Quest for Open Rest- room Facilities Regardless of Race, Color, Creed or Sex. As SupStu turned the last page of the 74th paperback, he glanced up and noticed the classroom was full. Looking to the front of the classroom he saw Professor A. B. Ore preparing to hand out copies of the test. Before we begin, said Prof Ore, 1 just want to say that I am a fair man. 1 have always been fair, and I shall always strive to be fair. That ' s fair enough, cried several students. Shut up, said Professor Ore gritting his teeth and clenching his fists. I have a question before the test begins, said Sup Stu raising his hand. What is it? Well, on page 842 of the text, para- graph 17, line 84, there is a misprint, and I am unsure whether the ancient Athenians had catfish for breakfast on the morning of September 23, 1006, or not. The professor, caught off balance by this question, which delved deeply into what was probably the key to the whole course, irritably replied, There are no catfish in the Euphrates! Superstudent wanted to press the point to determine just what there was in common between catfish, the Euphrates and ancient Athenians, but Prof Ore was passing out tests and seemed in no mood to be trifled with. Three days after the test, superstudent walked with perfect assurance to the bulletin board whereupon test results were posted. He looked smilingly at his latest attainment, but suddenly his smile faded. He had perceived a small mark behind his latest A which looked strangely like a minus. It couldn ' t be, he thought as he attempted to brush the small mark from the list. Walking swiftly to Prof Ore ' s office, he knocked and upon receiving admittance confidently said, There has been a mistake, probably a typographical error, but it looks strangely like a minus sign behind my ' A. ' No mistake I ' m afraid, son, replied Prof Ore. Your knowledge of ancient Armenians is accurate, and you per- formed excellently on the evolution of Exonians. Even if you had bungled Babylonian birth controls I could over- look it, but, well, I think all I need say is breakfast September 23, 1006. Supstu fell to his knees crying, I asked about that before the test began! But he was talking to an empty room. Prof Ore had departed for a con- frontation between his new-found student friends and the up tight faculty. At home alone in his room that night SS asked himself over and over, Why? Why? Why? Why? Why? etc with an occasional, How Come? Next morning his mother found him lying on the floor, his entire body covered with little minus signs. He began wasting away immediately, was dead within weeks, and he spent the rest of eternity trying to convince the guards at the Heaven for Straight ' A ' Students why he should be allowed in. By LES McKlM 53 OUAM P I ' S LAST STAN D LLOYD ROITSTEIN hun g up his headdress last fall after seven years of portraying the UNO Indian mascot Ouampi. He was the seventh student in the 32-year Indian history of the university to don native garb and dance at athletic events. A successor to Roitstein had been chosen, but he won ' t be needed. A resolution, passed by an 18 to 7 vote of the Student Senate, a 27 to 0 vote of the University Senate, and approved by President Kirk E. Naylor, has called for the university to discontinue use of the nanne ' Indian ' for its athletic teams, abolish Ouampi as a school mascot, and end the misuse of the Indian culture at university activities such as homecoming and Ma-ie Day. The action was sudden and un- expected. University athletic teams had been called the Indians since 1939, when their name was changed from the Cardinals. A cardinal had no significance for a growing municipal university, but an Indian was representative of the country ' s heritage. Why not incorporate that herit- age into university extracurricular activi- ties? The suggestion was made, and a committee ' of alumni approached the leaders of the Omaha Indian Tribe with that idea. They approved, as did students, faculty, administrators and alumni of the university. 30 years passed with no one critical of the Indian nickname. Ouampi danced at football games; homecoming activities ■culminated in the crowning of an Indian princess; the annual university holiday became Ma-ie Day, complete with the crowning of another princess; Indian caricatures adorned book covers, sweat- shirts and match books; the student center cafeteria became the Ouampi Room. The beginning of the end of the Indian-Ouampi tradition was in Septem- ber, 1970, when six Indians, enrolled as part-time students at the Center for Urban Education, attended a UNO foot- ball game. Football wasn ' t all they saw. They saw a teepee with a comic carica- ture of an Indian on it and Roitstein in an Indian costume imitating Indian dances. The Indian students thought the carica- ture disgraceful, the Indian costume and dances unauthentic, and the wearing of the sacred headdress by a white youth sacrilegious. They were outraged by what they considered a degradation of their culture, heritage and traditions. The Indian students reported what they had seen to the Indian Youth Council (lYC). Initially, the lYC planned to demonstrate at the next UNO football game. Instead, they wrote a letter ex- pressing their dissatisfaction to President Naylor, Student Body President Steve Wild and the Board of Regents. The letter generated little response, and the issue laid dormant until January when Mike Adams, director of the Man- power for Urban Progress program at UNO, wrote a letter regarding the de- grading nature of the Ouampi caricature. Adams said the caricature carried the same stereotyping effect on Indians as Little Black Sambo did on Negroes. The letter was sent to about 20 persons including Student Body President Wild. Pressured by the second letter and by a social welfare class who had read the Adams letter. Wild appointed his vice president, Jim Zadina, to look into the matter. What followed was a series of meetings and telephone conversations between Zadina and representatives of the lYC and the American Indian Center (AlC). At first it was thought that the Indians were only objecting to the Ouampi cartoon caricature. It was the caricature that did the stereotyping and which seemed to be the greatest source of irritation to the Indians. Abolition of the student mascot Ouampi was also dis- cussed. In the course of the meetings, Nate Parker, acting director of the AlC, said complete abandonment of the mas- cot would not be necessary if the door were open for the Indian to obtain involvement (in the university) . . . . What was being sought was a compromise in which the university would retain the Ouampi mascot in return for providing scholarships and other aids to the Indian community. The issue finally reached the Student Senate floor when Zadina introduced a resolution asking for both the abolition of Ouampi and the discontinuance of the nickname Indians. The resolution was drafted by a coalition of students from the social welfare class and the lYC. lYC President Pearl Morgan made it clear to the Senate why the Indians were asking the university to do more than abandon the cartoon character. She 55 Lloyd Roitstein, who spent seven years por- traying Ouampi, was bitterly opposed to abolish- ing the Indian mascot, nickname and traditions. argued that the university was using a race of people as a mascot; she added that the Indian headdress and the title of princess were embedded in the Indian religious tradition. A number of the senators accused the university of unintentional racism. The matter was left unattended until the following week ' s Senate meeting. Again compromise was proposed in the form of an amendment calling for only the abolition of the Ouampi cartoon char- acter and the promotion of research into an Indian Culture Week. The amendment was killed. Speaking in behalf of the resolution to abolish the nickname and the mascot was Frank Love, executive director of the AlC. Love told the Senate, This body and the entire university ought to pass this resolution. Love also had a resolution of his own asking for an Indian counselor at UNO, financial aid to Indians, and the for- mation of a committee to study the idea Indian Youth Council representatives were present at a meeting of the Student Senate to voice their complaint of the university misusing the Indian culture and ask the Senate to end this misuse. of an Indian Affairs program. The Senate approved the former resolution 18 to 7; Love ' s resolution was not considered. Similar action by the University Senate and President Naylor followed. The response to the abolition has been less than favorable by both students and alumni. The point most often raised is that other universities and professional athletic teams employ Indian nicknames. Heavy criticism has been directed toward the Indian attempts to trade use of the nickname for financial aid and scholar- ships. Many feel the university was intimi- dated by a small minority. Roitstein, who was in favor of abolish- ing the caricature but fought strongly against abolishing the mascot and nick- name, has his own impression of how the issue evolved. At first they (the Indians) were only interested in doing away with the caricature, but then they found out they could get away with whatever they wanted. I was totally against the final outcome. I ' m for helping the Indians, but they hurt themselves when they could ' ve helped. All they accomplished was to create a lot of student ill-will toward the Indian. Roit- stein said President Naylor told him privately that he was against giving his approval to the resolution but felt forced to do so. Regardless of the campus reaction, the deed is done, and it is not likely that it will be undone. Committees have been appointed to implement the phasing cut of the Indian symbols and activities and to outline procedures for selecting a new nickname and mascot. A 32-year-old tradition has been abolished, and with it a number of minor traditions that grew out of it. It may be a few years before the student center cafe- teria is called anything but the Ouampi Room, but students can look forward to a new nickname for their athletic teams and a new title for their magazine this fall. By DAVE MACK 56