University of Nanking - Linguist Yearbook (Nanking, China)

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A CHRONOLOGY OF FAMINES 61 1673 - Summer heavy rainfall for two months, famine. 1681-87 River Hooded continually for seven years and heavy rainfall continued also-people ran away from home-famine. 1692 Locusts Flew, covering the sky-famine. 1697 Spring drought, autumn heavy rain fall, rivers llooded--famine. 1706 Spring heavy snow, summer heavy rain fall and famine. 1709 March flood, too much rain in the fall, rivers flooded, destroyed thousands of houses- famines roots of grasses and bark of trees all eaten up The prices very high, dead along the roads. 1741 lfloocl continued during summer and autumn, famine. , 1742 Heavy rainfall through out May, no rice 1756 U crop-famine. 1756 Famine - pestilence - dead seen along the roads. 1785 Drought in the spring and locusts appeared abundantly. Famine in thc falland winter. 1786 Famine and pestilenee in the spring, good harvest and wheat in the summer. 1796 Famine. 1804 liamine in the spring. Yellow river flooded in the summer. 1833 Famine. 1843 G Famine. 1852 Summer rain over two months-all crops submerged. Peach trees flower in the 1 fall, famine. 1856 Drought in summer, locusts appeared abun- dantly. 1857 Famine in spring, heavy rain fall in autumn- all lields submerged. 1863 Famine. . 1867 Famine. 1887 Good crops 1888 Crops not prosperous. End. Note: The above list was compiled from a much longer chronology in which floods, earthquakes good harvests and droughts are recorded. Only those items, with a few exceptions, containing the translation of famine were selected for this list. The -famine of 1878-79 is' not listed but the years of 1875-76 are Credited with drought and the years 1876-77 are credited with locusts. The year 1878 is omitted.

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60 44 :PHE in A CHRONOLOGY OF FAMINES Exutractsufrom a chapter of the official Gazetter of Nanhsuchow, Anhwel Province, China. Chow Dynasty B. C. 591 570 Han Dynasty B. C. 48 Ching Dynasty A. D. 318 319 Sung Dynasty A. D. 960 962 Chin Dynasty A. D. 1216 Ming Dynasty A. D. 1482 1493 1509 1523 1525 1535 1536 1618 1640-41 Tsing Dynasty 1649 1651 1659 Famine. Famine. Flood summer and fall, houses and lives de- stroyed. Locusts destroyed crops Locusts destroyed crops Famine. Famine. Locusts. Dry. people hungry and sick. Too much rain and snow, without fuel for tire from fall to next spring. Too dry in the summer, locusts cover the sky great famine and men eat one another. Summer dry, fall too much rain, great famine until 1524, men eat one another. Spring rain hurt all wheat and barley, sum- mer dry, locustsg In fall locusts appear- ed again. Dry until 1533 and locusts and people ran away. Hwai River flooded. Summer too much rain till May 1537, Rain and snow never stop. All wheat and 'barley crops hurt, a bundle of fuel cost 1000 cash- , Summer too much rain, fall dry, locusts ap- peared, all rice and bean crops failed, great famine. Dryness and flood alternate, great pestilence followed, whole population ran away, al- most none was left.e Sun eclipsed on first day of the 10th moon Earthquake on 15 day of 2nd moon. Heavy rain fall for twenty days, rivers flood- ed and houses destroyed, famine..

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62 THE LINGUIST CHINESE ATHLETICS. Two age old Chinese conceptions militate against the full adoption of athletics and sportsmanship in athletic contests by Chinese students. Physical prowess and scholarship have been and still are to a very great extent considered exclusive of each otherg muscular strength is indicative of the coolie class and feeblencss of the gentleman and scholar. And even in the modern institutions of higher learning despite the campaigns for athletics many of the more intellectual students are invalids or die of tuberculosis. And again, the question. of face hampers the athletic contest. The Chinese, by living in such crowded conditions, have developed a technique of living together that omits the personal encounter or the settling of an issue' directly by the parties concerned. The middleman is always called in to act in a dispute or in an important matter. This is done to save the face of the loser or of him whose idea does not prevail. -Thus to lose in an: athletic contest is to lose face, and is tantamount to a disgrace. Un- fortunately athletic games do not provide for the middleman, but call for the personal encounter, the matching of skill and physical strength and nerve. It is a slow and sometimes a tedious process to inculcate the conception ol sportsmanship into the athletic contests. Yet already great advancement has been made. in mission institutions- generally. Athletic associations have been organized. Conference' games are played. Despite these facts, however, awide field here exists for the developmenit of athletics in China, to make for the physical vigor of intellectual and spiritual leaders. It is only another way for conserving the efforts expended in raising up intellectual and spiritual leaders- among the Chinese. Basket Ball in China Univ. of Nanking playing Univ. of Nanyang