University Medical College - Scalpel Yearbook (Kansas City, MO)

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the hospitals of tuberculosis and part of those of skin diseases. However, being more interested in the study of Ophthalmology and Otology, we naturally sought these clinics. After spending some months in the great metropolis, we went on to Paris, where we found such men as Pannas, Landolt, De Wecker, Abidie, Meyer and Galezowski, eminent workers in Ophthalmology. A few months were spent with these gentlemen and then we go on to Berlin, where the winter is passed working in the clinics of Drs. Herschberg, Swheigger and Schoeler. In the spring we go to Vienna, stopping for a few days with the famous Ophthalmologist, Prof. Alfred C. Graeffe at Halle, and Dr. Ooccius at Leip- zig. At Prague, we found Professor Sattler, who frequently operates upon twelve or more cataracts a day. The two mornings I was with him, he made ten operations. At Vienna, Professor Arlts has retired and Fuchs and Stellwag are taking his place. Here one finds perhaps the best opportunity in all departments of medicine for post graduate work. F-or here they make a specialty of teaching, g-iving special instruc- tions in the various departments-all under one roof in the great university. It was here that I first made some observations in comparative ophthalrnology, viewing the fundus of many of the lower animals such as that of the snake, the frog, the chicken, the rabbit and the monkey. Most of these men have not only a very large experience, but many of them are authors of the subject which they teach. Vienna is an especially good place to study Otology. Here it was that we found Professor Politzer, who stands preeminently or did at that time at the head of Otology. He is recognized as the peer of all authors on this s-ubje-ct. His book contains eight hundred pages on this little organ of hearing. Vienna with Professor Politzer is und-oubtedly the best place in the world to study affections of the ear. In those days there were no such advantages to be found in America, but of re- cent years it is altogether different. There is no country in the world or in any period of history where medicine has made the tremendous progress as has been made by the Americans in the last two decades. The American doctor of today is no longer looked upon in Europe or any part of the world as being unlettered and improficient but he is respected and held in high esteem as a man of authority and erudition and there is no longer any dearth of clinical advantages in America. The post graduate advantages of Philadelphia and New York will compare very favorably with any of those in Europe. No one need go across the water for these ad- vantages. The day is already at hand when many European students come to our shores for the prosecution of clinical work as did we of former times to their country. On the other hand there are many things one may gather in Europe that can not be gotten in America. One sees a greater variety of diseases many of which are not often if ever seen in our country. Besides it is' an advantage to make comparisons between the managing and treating of the different cases. And if a person is desirous of famil- iarizing himself and gaining other languages such as French and German, of course, it is -of necessity that he go among the people where he is obliged to hear and speak their language. While the advantages of America have greatly improved yet those of Europe have not deteriorated.

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This, however, can be done but imperfectly if the physician does not remember that he should be as much concerned with the immoral conditions and circumstances which surround humanity as the diseases to which humanity is heir and thus aid in ex- tending the conventional conception of morality which should come to mean healthy living, healthy thinking and healthy acting. A system of moral and religious health should therefore become the grand mission of medical science to reveal through the in- strumentality of the morally trained and educated scientific physician, for moral health is paramount to public health, while their wise correlation contributes to the highest and the best good of mankind. Such a programme sufficiently explains the reason why a physician should be moral for in the midst of the pathetic scenes and tragedies of life which he is daily called upon to witness neither the uneducated, immoral or irreligious physician can be of help., They who are to be the leaders in medical science must therefore embody in their lives all the best features of cultured education, while morality, supported by the virtue of religion, must of necessity form its chief cornerstone. Such a life as this I commend and covet for each student of the University Medi- cal College. Iduai Ciruhuatv nrk in I urnnr BY FLAVEL B. TIFFANY, A.M., M.D. EARS ago, when we first started out in the profession, it was thought that one could not obtain the best advantages in the study of medicine without going to Europe and at that time there was reason for his belief. Our institutions were yet young and limited in their advantages. There was scarcely such a thing as post grduate course in America. There was n-ot even a graded course of medicine. The curriculum was the same for the junior and the senior. Those days there were no freshmen or sophomores. Two semesters was all that were required in this country for the completion of a medi- cal education. But inf the old institutions of Europe the requirements were far greater. They gave special attention to practical medicine, while we were satisfied with the didactic. At the time I first started out for post graduate work, I was unable to find any is side of the Atlantic, and was compelled' to go to the European clinics. This was some thirty years ago. I was especially interested in the study of Ophthalmology, Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology, and there it was that I found grand opportunities for the prosecutions of these studies. At 'flVIoorfields, London, I found more than a dozen prominent Ophthalmologists at work treating from three to five hun- dred patients a day. Among these men were Drs. Wells, Bowman, Pritchett, Lawson. Hutchinson, Wordsworth and Nettleship. All enthusiasts and authorities in this special department of medicine. In another part of London, Sou quar , found the great authorities, Morrel, McKenzie and Lenox Brown. Here again we were of affections of the nasal passages, pharynx and opportunities on th l S e at the nose and throat hospital, we able to see and study hundred-s of cases lyrynx. It was here we first learned the use of the laryngoscope, to view and to treat the wonderfully interesting organs of voice. Part of our time we devoted to visiting

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I 1 hr ihippnrratir Gbath 3 I swear by APOLLO, the physician, and iAxESCULAPIUS, and HEALTH, and ALL-HEAL, and all the GODS and GOD- DESSES, that, according to my ability and jndgment, I will keep this oath and this stipulation-to recken on him who taught me this Art eqnally dear to me as my parents, to share my snbstance with him and relieve his necessities if re- quired, to look npon his offspring in the same footing as my own brothers, and to teach them this Art, if they shall wish to learn it, withont fee or stipnlation, and that by precept, lectnre, and every other mode of instrnction I will impart a knowledge of the Art, to my own sons and those of my teachers, and to disciples bonnd by a stipnlation and oath according to the law of medicine, but to none others. I will follow that system of regimen which, according to my abil- ity and jndgment, I consider for the benefit of my patients, and abstain from whatever is deleterious and mischieveons. I will give no deadly medicine to any if asked, nor snggest any snch connsel,' and, in like manner, I will not give to a woman a pessary to prodnce abortion. DVith pnrity and with holiness I will pass my life and practice my Art. I will not cnt p6rsons laboring nnder the stone, bnt will leave this to be done by men who are practitioners of this work. Into whatever honses I enter I will go into them for the benefit of the sick, and will abstain from every volnntary act of mischief and corrnption, and, fnrther, from the se- dnction of females or males, of freemen and slaves. What- ever, in connection with my professional practice, or not in connection with it, I see or hear in the life of men which onght not to be spoken of abroad I will not divnlge, as reck-- oning that all snch shonld be kept secret. Wlii'le I continne to keep this oath nnviolated, may it be granted to me to en- joy life and the practice of the Art respected by all men in all times! Bnt, shonld I tresspass and violate this oath, may the reverse be my lot!