University of Maryland College Park - Terrapin / Reveille Yearbook (College Park, MD)

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not only in liarmony with the spirit of our institu- tions, but in view of recent events an urgent necessity. How far the ideas of the founders of this system have been carried out has depended almost entirely upon the several States. In those States in which an enlightened policy has prevailed the results have been most excellent; but in a majority of the States (of which, I regret to say, Maryland is one) owing to the failure of the Legislature to grasp the true intent of the Act of Congress, and to seize upon the advantages growing out of it, the success of the system has been only partial. A brief consideration of the system will demonstrate wherein it is deficient. The Federal Government has done its part. In providing the means of instruction it has faithfully performed its share of the compact, but the State has failed to reap the benefit which might under a different system have grown out of it. The course of military instruction in vogue at this school is theoretically good as far as mider existing conditions it can be carried; but it does not go far enough. Not only does the State not provide the means of completing the military education begun and carried to an advanced stage through the liberality of the Federal Government, but it fails also to pro- vide the means whereby the knowledge so imparted can be immediately utilized. I am but quoting from an oflScer of the United States Army stationed at the College for a period of four years, when I .say that the present system is defective, and that the State should adopt some plan by which the military education here gained by her young men could be utilized for the perfecting of its National Guard. As it is upon the leaders, rather than men, that military success depends, the educa- tion and training of young men to a point at which they become competent to lead must necessarily be a lasting aid and improvement to the existing organized force of the State. Nor is this a new idea and a plan untried. The case of the Virginia Military Institute might be cited to show the advantages resulting to the State from such a system. The records of this institution show that it furnished more officers for the Confed- erate armies during the Civil War, and did more to elevate the standard of military excellence therein than any other school. Her graduates now hold commissions in the State National Guard. A case more directly in point, because of tlie closer analogy existing between the institution in question and our own, is that of the University of Missouri. This University is simply the Agricultural College of the State which, under the liberal policy of its Legislature, has grown to the station of a university, by no means insignificant among those of the West. Under the laws of Mi.ssouri the Cadet Corps of the University, which is composed of cadets appointed by the various Senators and Representatives of the 19

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tiubject, as well as by a study of some of the cam- paigns of famous military leaders. When practicable two weeks are devoted to camping away from the College, when instruction is received in all those branches pertaining to service in the field. This latter, however, is dependent upon the courtesy of the commander of the State National Guard— for the College having no camp equipment, the camp can only be made when the authorities consent to loan a part of the State equipment. The whole system of discipline is military. Cadets march to and from meals, chapel exercises and class rooms, while the preservation of order in the building is almost wholly in the hands of the cadet officers. Having his entire conduct and mode of life governed by military regulation and discipline, the student ' s mind becomes slowly but surely impregnated with the ideas of obedience to constituted authority, and subservience of personal sympathies and pleasure to the re iuirements of law and order, which are essential characteristics of the perfect soldier. Four years spent amid such influences cannot fail to make a lasting beneficial impress upon the youthful mind. The tendency of this training is to develop not only well-drilled men, but good citizens. To be able to command one must first learn to obey: and when after a season spent in the subordinate station of the private, as a reward for soldierly deportment, the student is promoted to be an officer, the responsibili- ties incident to his station develop and broaden his mind better than any other training to which he might be subjected. The Federal Government long since recognized the beneficial results which must inevitably flow from such a system of education; and in order to direct such instruction and insure its uniformity, an Act of Congress was passed and approved July 2, 1862, under the provisions of which the College is provided with small arms and two field pieces, with a limited sup- ply of ammunition for both rifles and cannon. In addition to this equipment an officer of the United States Army is regularly detailed as instructor in military science and tactics to the College. The idea of the founders of this system was to produce each year, from each State, a number of young men well trained in military affairs who should be a complement to the regularly organized National Guard, and a nucleus around which could be formed the volunteer armies of the several States, and who should be capable in times of necessity of drilling and fitting for duty, in the shortest time possible, these armies, upon which under our present system we must depend for the defence of the nation on land. The spirit of dislike for large standing armies, inherent in the people and prevadingour constitutions, renders us dependent to a large degree upon the militia of the States in times of actual war. The idea of increasing the efficiencs ' of the militia, therefore, is 18

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State, according to special laws provided, and all male students of the Universit}-, who voluntarily enroll themselves in the military department, subject to the rules and regulations provided for the govern- ment of the same, is a part of the National Guard of that State. As a part thereof they are entitled to all such provisions as are or hereafter may be made for the National Guard of Missouri. Their officers are commissioned by the Governor of the State upon the recommendation of the Faculty of the University. Upon graduation each graduate of the military depart- ment is entitled to a commission as brevet Second Lieutenant of the National Guard of Missouri, subject to physical examination; provided application shall be made for such commission within one year from the date of graduation, and that the applicant be a resident of the State of Missouri at the time of making application. The Federal Government provides an officer of the regular ami} ' as instructor in military science and tactics, arms and ammunition, targets, etc. The State furnishes camp equipage, utensils, etc, and to those cadets appointed by the various Senators and Representatives, uniforms and the cost of the tuition. Here again we see a system calculated to yield beneficial results to the State; and it is submitted that such a system should be established in Maryland. There are certain improvements which might be suggested for this scheme, but in principle it is e.xcel- lent. Let us conside r how such a system would work in connection with this College. As a part of the National Guard the equipment of the Corps of Cadets would be more complete than it at present is or can be, and the students would be enabled to receive as a part of their regular course practical instruction in all the branches of the military art, including formation of camps. Being permitted to participate in the regular encampments of the National Guard they would become accustomed to act in concert with large bodies of troops, and their previous instruction in battalion drill would be sup- plemented b} ' regimental and brigade drill, thus completing their military education begun at the College. The esprit du corps engendered bj ' associa- tion with practical soldiers would, in itself, be a strong argument in favor of the arrangement. On the other hand, the State would become an immediate benefi- ciary by having annual additions made to its military establishment of young men thoroughly educated in modern military science and capable of infusing new life into the organization. The young men so educated would form a reserve corps upon which the State could rely with confidence, in times of necessity, to train and direct its raw militia. I do not wish to be understood as suggesting the idea that the incorporation of the Corps of Cadets of the various Agricultural Colleges into the National Guards of their respective States would alone accom-