University of Maryland School of Medicine - Terrae Mariae Medicus (Baltimore, MD)

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Ward Scene — University Hospital, 1915. a wholly state institution in 1914, it was named the State College of Agriculture of Maryland and united with the School of Liberal Arts, School of Domestic Arts and the Graduate School Divisions. This incor- poration of the schools on July 1, 1920 created tlie modern University of Maryland and gathered control of the physically separated members of the University into one pair of hands. University Buildings, 1916. 23

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Gordon Wilson, m.d. Arthur M. Shipley, M.D. cians and Surgeons joined with the Univer- sity facuhy and in 1916 Dr. J. M. H. Row- land of the B. M. C. was named Dean of the School of Medicine and Professor of Obstetrics. When a declaration of war announced America ' s entry into the First World War, the faculty of the medical school and hos- pital flocked to the colors. The 42nd Gen- eral Hospital, commanded by Col. A. C. Harrison, was formed with a nucleus of University-trained physicians. In Spring of 1918, the 42nd departed for France, there to set up a complete base hospital for the A. E. F. In France, they remained until long after the Armistice, returning home in the Spring of 1919. The war created changes on the medical school scene. Women were admitted to the school for the first time in 1918 and uni- forms dotted the campus as students joined the Army Reserve. Absence of the younger faculty members, especially in the hospital, created problems. Several older men were called out of retirement to aid in teaching the undiminished flow of students. But the war ended before an acute short- age made itself painfully felt and the de- mobilized veterans returned to the school with new ideas. The construction of a mod- ern well-equipped hospital was one such idea. Meanwhile, changes in the structure of the University were taking place. Though nominally an integral part of the Univer- sity, the School of Medicine enjoyed a high degree of autonomy, almost in fact, com- plete independence. Budgets were separate and state financial support for the medical school and hospital was a token. Now per- manent and close union was in the making. The Maryland Agricultural College had been chartered in 1856 and had struggled fitfully thru the 19th century. Becoming 22

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Dr. Shipley discusses patient care. THE NEW HOSPITAL Early then in the 1920s, the budget of the University as submitted to the legislature allotted funds for a new hospital to be built in Baltimore. The legislature approved the huge financial request but the governor vetoed it. This was to be the pattern for almost a decade before the new hospital would be built. By the year 1932, the need for new pa- tient accommodations became critical. The University Hospital, located on the same site as the old Baltimore Infirmary of 1823, had a capacity of 250 beds. There were 25 obstetrical beds and an outside obstetrical clinic was conducted. In that year there were 406 hospital deliveries and 1303 de- liveries at home. The Out-Patient Depart- ment was organized in tlie basement of the hospital and facilities were cramped. The medical student ' s four years of train- ing consisted mainly of lectures. Twenty- six hours per week for ten weeks were spent on the wards as clinical clerks in the fourth year and each senior student was required to do at least twelve home deliveries. Fees were $350 per year for residents of the state and $500 for non-residents. The curricu- lum was organized under eleven depart- ments: Anatomy, Physiology, Bacteriology and Immunology, Pharmacology and Ma- teria Medica, Pathology, Medicine, Sur- gery, Obstetrics, Gynecology, Opthalmol- ogy and Otology. A number of notable names appeared in the faculty list: Dr. John C. Krantz headed Pharmacology; Dr. Hugh Spencer was Professor of Pathology, a post he would hold with distinction for 35 years. Dr. Carl L. Davis was Professor of Anatomy. In 1932 Dr. Gordon Wilson (lied and was succeeded by Dr. Maurice C. Pincoffs. Five years earlier Dr. Pincoffs had gained national renown when, togetlier with Dr. Shipley, he had participated in the first successful preoperative diagnosis and removal of a pheochromocytoma. 24