University of Maryland School of Medicine - Terrae Mariae Medicus (Baltimore, MD)

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for funds for a new hospital. The legisla- ture quickly provided $30,000 and in 1875, the Greene Street Wing of the Infirmary was opened. This was a long, slender, rectangu- lar wing, tliree stories high and 26 feet wide with high, narrow windows. The hospital capacity was almost doubled and during this year there were 1,200 in-patients and 15,000 out-patients. With the new building, it was possible to establish a Lying-in De- partment, and with the transfer of patients from St. Andrew ' s Home for Children, the Department for the Diseases of Children was created. Upon the completion of this wing, the faculty decided that the original Lombard Street Wing needed overhauling. This was accomplished and the name University Hos- pital appears for the first time in a photo- graph dated 1880. This same year the Sis- ters of Charity relinquished their nursing duties and were replaced by the Sisters of Mercy. In 1881 Dr. Louis M. Tiffany suc- ceeded Dr. Christopher Johnson as head of Surgery. Dr. Tiffany had been educated at Cambridge, England and during his regime at the university, developments in anesthe- sia made possible modern elective surgery. He performed the first nephrolithotomy in the United States and was noted for his ex- perimental surgery on the Gasserian gang- lion in facial paralysis. During tlie early ' 80s, the school curricu- lum was increased to 5V2 months and in 1886, on the death of Dr. McSherry, Dr. S. C. Chew became head of the Practice of Medicine. It was at this time that Balti- more was shocked by details of The Burk- ing Case . It was well known by students that the Department of Anatomy offered $15 for any cadaver. The financial fortunes of one of the students and of Uncle Perry the jani- tor, were at tlieir lowest ebb. It appeared to them the most effective fund-raising cam- paign would be to expedite the demise of 80 year old Emily Brown of Pig Alley. This was accomplished and Emily was transported by wheelbarrow to the Anatomy laboratory where the fee was paid. Some- how the police learned the details of the transactions and while Uncle Perry escaped, the student was captured, tried and hung. 1889 became a landmark in Baltimore with the opening of the Johns Hopkins Hos- pital. The outstanding men of the Mary- land University faculty were called upon to act as consulting physicians, augmenting the newly imported staff. Drs. Chew, Howard, and Tiffany extended their activities to in- clude the new hospital. It was a period of change, and when in 1893, Johns Hopkins opened its Medical School, bold new ideas in medical education flashed like lightning on the horizon. Maryland men were added to the faculty of the new school and a friendly rivalry ensued which has endured to this day. Many innovations created by the Hopkins were subsequently adopted at the University, as indeed, they were by medical colleges throughout the world. Admission requirements were made more exacting; a compulsory 3 year course was instituted, and scholastic levels were raised. In 1889, the Sisters of Mercy withdrew, and that same year Miss Louisa Parsons, a stu- dent of Florence Nightingale, founded the University of Maryland School of Nursing. The group of old and new buildings at Lombard and Greene Streets underwent ex- tensive remodelling in 1896, and in 1897 opened the doors as new University Hos- pital. The new hospital embodied the latest in medical architecture. Capacity was 190 beds with wide, uncrowded wards and an operating amphitheater considered a model at the time. Meanwhile, University men were active 18

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During this period many physicians began to earn prominence in diversified fields of medicine and the art of specialization had begun. In 1866 the chair of Physiology, Hygiene and General Pathology was created with Professor Frank Donaldson as head. Con- currently, the first clinics were held in dis- eases of children and on venereal disease. The formation of these clinics marks the foundation of the Out-Patient Department. One year later, the organization of the chair of Diseases of Women and Children was regarded as the first recognition in the country of this field as a distinct branch of medicine. Dr. William T. Howard, who later became president of the American Gynecological Association was appointed as first professor. The following year saw a clinic in diseases of the eye instituted. It was in the same year, 1868, that the state legislature approved a bill to provide $2500 per year for the medical education of a certain number of students to be drawn from the state senatorial districts. A Gen- eral Dispensary was founded in 1869 to treat the public on an out-patient basis and a new wealth of clinical material had been tapped. In 1870, to accommodate the increase in the student body, a Students Building was constructed adjoining the Infirmary and housing 24 young men. Further developments occurred in 1873. At tliis time, the dispensary made public its policy of attending poor women in their homes. A trained dentist was provided in the clinic to instruct students in the art of drawing teeth . The Department of Dis- eases of the Eye and Ear was created with Dr. Julian J. Chisholm as professor. Dr. Chisholm had treated the first wounded at Ft. Sumter and was noted for his Manual of Military Surgery. Since the city had condemned the use of some wooden sheds which had been erected at the rear of the Infirmary for the treatment of excess patients, it was decided to apply The Greene Street addition erected in 1875. f ' -:-- ' tm 17

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The University buildings in 1890. New University Hospital — 1897. rir.c£mfi i ? ■ = ' ■-- ' ' ' sT ' t- ' ■ ' jm WEKfnmimmns sfm i iMm 19