University of Idaho School of Forestry - Forester Yearbook (Moscow, ID)

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48 THE IDAHO FORESTER Range Management on Indian Lands 1Continued from page 125 Obviously, an Indian cannot engage in the stock business on 160 acres or ordinarily even on two or four times that amount. Further- more, only a comparatively few Indians have indicated an active desire to utilize their in- dividual holdings. The result is that the In- dian Service must block up ranges composed of scores or hundreds of allotments and then secure an agreement among the owners of such separate parcels as to the conditions on which they are willing to allow a permittee to use their lands. As many of the allottees have died and their interests are now held by numerous heirs the details of administration are very complex and difficult. Fortunately, on the reservations in Wash- ington, Oregon, Wyoming, Arizona, and New Mexico large areas of grazing land are yet held in a tribal status and a unified control and conservation management is practicable. Such management seems unquestionably the logical one both from the standpoint of the In- dians and of the public at large. Considerable thought has been given by the Forestry Branch of the Indian Service to the devising of a plan that will insure a unification of owner- ship and control over allotted areas that are adapted only for range use, but as yet no satisfactory solution of the problem has been found. It is extremely difficult to consolidate ownership after a natural grazing area has been subdivided into hundreds of separate legal tracts and separate patents issued to indi- viduals. With the limited funds available for range administration on Indian lands, it has not been practicable to undertake intensive recon- naissance nor is it thought the results to be obtained from such studies would be com- mensurate with the cost. The principal objec- tives for the next five years at least should be C11 the grouping of allotments and arrange- ment of grazing units on tribal lands so as to secure the best utilization of range values, 125 the convincing of permittees and Indians that it will be to their own advantage to adopt the bedding out system with sheep, to keep the stocking of their ranges conservative and to develop water and other range improvementsg C35 to bring to the Indians a realization of the need for conservative management as a means of assuring future income from their landsg and C41 to educate the Indians in methods of improving their flocks and herds with a view to the ultimate utilization of the greater part of the grazing resources on Indian lands by Indian-owned stock. All of these objectives are so obviously de- sirable that it may seem that they would be easily accomplished. Such is not the case. The grouping of allotments is often opposed by individual Indians from selfish motives and both Indian and white owners of stock often desire an assignment of range areas not con- sistent with sound management. There are still permittees and Indians who keep their sheep too long at the water or at other con- venient locations. The task of selling con- servative range managementn and improve- ment of stock to a people who are peculiarly indifferent to the motives and ambitions for economic advancement that actuate the Cauca- sian race is one requiring great tact and pa- tience. Idaho White Pine Saw Logs Leaving the Clearwater Region. The Clearwccter Region of Northern Idaho has the Largest Body of Western White Pine Extdnt. A Stand of Second Growth Tifmbev' is Shown in the Bcwkground.

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THE IDAHO FORESTER 47 close to eighteen per cent of the 635,000 cattle in the state find range in the national forests. The livestock-producing operations behind the stock grazed on the national forest ranges, on which they vitally depend, have an estimated value of very close to 320,000,000 FOREST SERVICE DEVELOPS RECREATIONAL USES The recreational resources of the national forests are of considerable benefit to the citi- zens of the state because they lie practically at the back door in most places and at very short distances elsewhere in the state. The Forest Service policy is to encourage the use of the forests for recreation and to develop rec- reational resources and to make them more readily usable. Camping and picnicking, hunt- ing and fishing fexcept for necessary state licensesj, are free of charge. These are the principal recreational uses made of the for- ests by the local people. The seven-year aver- age, from 1925 to 1931 inclusive, for this form of recreational use came to slightly over 135,- 000 people. How rapidly this is growing is evidenced by the fact that the figures for 1932 alone come to slightly over 190,000. Other forms of recreation are also encouraged, for nominal fees tracts for exclusive use for re- sorts or for summer homes can be obtained under a minimum of restrictions designed to protect public interest and other recreational uses. Just how many of these visitors hunt or fish is a number not available but it is known to be large. They are attracted by the over 80,000 head of big game, and the fine fishing streams virtually everywhere in the national forest areas. The Forest Service liberally and whole-heartedly co-operates with the state game authorities in fostering the fish and game and enforcing the game laws. In the formulation of the very essential game man- agement plans, insuring foresight in these matters, the Forest Service has considered its responsibility virtually co-ordinate with that of the state agencies, since it is a Forest land use that is concerned. It is only with such plans that the present and future well-being of the game and fish resources can be soundly assured. GUESTS OF STATE BRING REVENUE What portion of the recreation users come from outside the state it is possible only roughly to estimate. Assuming that 10 per cent would be a conservative figure, the actual recreation occupants of the national forest land, other than Idahoans, come to about 20,- 000 in terms of approximate person days. A great contribution this is to the pleasure, in- spiration, refreshment and health of the state's guests. It is also a source of inflow of outside money, it has been conservatively estimated that every day's recreation use represents a local expenditure of 35.00. Thus results an estimated income of S100,000 annually. And it is to be confidently expected that this use will greatly increase with return to normal conditions in the country and as machine development constantly enables mankind to enjoy greater and greater leisure. The For- est Service recognizes recreation as one of the major uses of the national forests and gives it a prominent place in its land use, protection, and development plans. Very clearly its national forests are of manifold benefit to the people of the State of Idaho, far in excess of any sacrifices that may be considered-chiefly in the form of taxes that may have been collectible on a small part of the lands had they remained open for pri- vate acquisition. It is to be borne in mind, however, that the major reason for the forests as a national enterprise is to insure their benefits for the people of the nation, which could not be attained by any other means than federal ownership and control. The govern- ment in the national forests as with other of its activities, undertakes its burden with the aim of benefit and service to the people of the nation, as well as locally, and not for any profit or other direct financial gain. Funda- mentally that is why the national forests in Idaho are of such great benefit to its people. George Washington Memorial Dedication The members of Epsilon chapter of Xi Sig- ma Pi met in the Arboretum the noon of Cam- pus Day, May 10, 1933 for a luncheon and formal dedication of the George Washington Bicentennial Memorial. After a lunch of coffee, beans, sandwiches, and pie, served at Price Green by Paul Talich, chairman of events, the stage, consist- ing of two chairs and a table, was set for a clever playlet entitled, The Moonshinersf' John McNair and Dr. W. D. Miller composed the cast. The group then adjourned to the memorial planting of 19 Colorado Blue Spruce nearby, established May 3, 1932. Dean F. G. Miller oHicially dedicated the memorial, addressing the members as they gathered around the large granite rock upon which a bronzed plate had been mounted commemorating the plant- ing.-G. M. F. Grin and She Grin Do you remember that November When two budding woodsmen With axes in hand Went for some firewood at Watson's command And then came back With a tamarack? -An Alum.

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JUNIGRS REPEAT BARBECUE WIN THE Junior Class of the School of Forestry seems to have a monopoly on the Barbecue contests for they again won the tenth annual affair with a handsome margin. The Juniors emerged with a total of 40 points as against the Sophomore total of 24 and the Frosh of 19. The Seniors also competed. Keen rivalry was evident for each class was constantly priming and tuning up its gladiators to fighting pitch and the same spirit which marked the success of the Hrst barbecue held May 24, 1924, at the mill site on the School Forest, was much in evidence at this year's meet. The Barbecue Committee headed by Maurice March, spent Campus Day morning, May 11, 1933, making arrangements for the meet to be held in the afternoon at Luvaas Grove, five miles northeast of Moscow, and had every- thing in readiness for the gang which began arriving at 1:30 p. m. Baseball served to loosen up stiff muscles and put the contestants in a fighting mood for the field meet which was called just in time to prevent a casualty so far as the umpire was concerned. Cranston, senior entry and sprint ace of barbecues of former days, raced neck and neck down the straightaway with March, champion of more recent barbecues and running for the Juniors, only to lose when March stuck out his tongue to win the race. Davis came in third for the Sophs while Stevens, Frosh rep- resentative, came in last. The three-legged race ended in a three-point landing and a win for the Sophomores with the Davis and Ziminski team taking a pretty spill right at the finish. The first win for the Frosh came in the sack race when Nelson crossed the tape a split hair ahead of Wright for the Juniors, followed by Heger for the Sophs. RELAY PUTS SOPHOMORES IN LEAD The judges had difiiculty in selecting the winners of the relay race for the four teams were very evenly matched. The Sophomore team, though, had the edge and this event gave them a one point lead over the Juniors. However, when the scrambled eggs were un- scrambled after the egg-tossing contest, the Juniors were back in the lead with a win by Ledford. The usual caustic statements about the winner using hard-boiled eggs were tossed about prolifically as were the eggs, but when the crash came, such remarks were forgot- ten. Carlson for the Sophs took second place in this event with Larsson for the Seniors third. LEDFORD TAKES ANOTHER FIRST Parker, another Junior, took the tree climb- ing contest, reaching and returning from the 24.3 foot mark in the remarkable time of eleven seconds flat. Newcomb took second place for the Seniors. Ledford's weeks of practice were not suiiicient to displace New- comer's mark made several years ago in the Horseshoe contest, but it was enough to take first place for the Juniors. Frank Cline, Frosh entry, had a backfir-e so was disabled for further contests during the afternoon. In the one man bucking contest, Tumelson for the Sophs pushed and pulled the saw for a handsome win in spite of Sach's persistent coaching and encouragement to his classmate, the Frosh entry, Lownik, who placed second. The two-man bucking contest was won by the Wright-March team for the Juniors with March making a valiant effort to ride the saw without a saddle. The T-bone Hultman- Tumelson combination plac-ed a close second for the Sophomores. LAST EVENT A CLIMAX The final event was a free-for-all in which it was every man for himself and the devil take the hindmost. When each forester had his plate full to over-flowing with luscious food, he was seen to go into a huddle or a cuddle with himself and later to emerge with that satisfied smile prevalent only when all wrinkles are ironed out. By this time Nature was drawing her curtains and nightfall saw the finale of the Tenth Annual Barbecue. Place of Chemical Research KContinu-ed from page 163 building boards. During the past decade this industry has developed rapidly and has as- sumed a position of importance in the building trade. The annual consumption of wall and insulating boards in the United States is now about 900,000,000 square feet. Practically all of this is produced domestically and, in addi- tion, the United States exports about 200,000,- 000 square feet annually. Since fiber boards are largely manufactured from wood they have taken a definite place in the economy of forest utilization. The uses for fiber boards are continually expanding. A recent paper on the subject lists 121 uses for hard pressed and insulation board alone. Besides these two types of fiber boards there are the wall boards which are widely used as a finishing cover for partitions, ceil- ings, and interior walls. Fiber boards are manufactured in order to improve upon cer- tain properties of wood and to add other spe- cific properties for insulation, plaster holding, and acoustics. Many, if not most fiber boards made of wood, utilize sawmill waste. In the Pacific Northwest an insulating board is made from Douglas fir sawmill waste, and several other examples of waste utilization for fiber board manufacture may be cited. MECHANICAL PROCESSES REQUIRE CHEMICAL CoNTRoL Some fiber boards are manufactured entire- ly by mechanical processes by which the fibers 49