University of Idaho School of Forestry - Forester Yearbook (Moscow, ID)

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THE IDAHO FORESTER list of the species of trees not mentioned here- tofore which are known to be native to Idaho and for which we have no size or age measure- ments whatsoever: White fir, Abics concolor. Utah juniper, Jim-iperus utcchensis. Rocky Mt. red cedar, Jwniperus scopulorum. Western juniper, Jtmiperus occidentalis. Dwarf juniper, Jzmiperzts commzmis. Aspen, Populus tremulofides. Northern black Cottonwood, Populus tricho- carpet. Balsam poplar, Populus balsaimifera. Narrow leaf poplar, Populus cmgustifolia. Paper birch, Betula payJy1'iferct Q1arict'Zcs. White alder, Alnus rhombifolicr.. Mountain alder, Almts temcifolia. Thornapple or hawthorne, cmtaegus sp. Boxelder, Acer neyzmdo. Dwarf maple, Acer glabrum. Curl-leaf mountain mahogany, Cercoccwpus lcclifolius. Western chokecherry, Primus 'virginicma 'va- rieties. Bitter cherry, Przmus emarginata.. Cascara, Rhamfmfts pu'rsl1,'icma. Western mountain ash, Sorbus amcricoma sitchensis. Western serviceberry, Amelomchier. Blueberry elder, Sambucus coerulea. PROPER TREE MEASUREMENTS ESSENTIAL Tree diameters should always be measured at breast height-MW feet above groundj. A string or cord which does not stretch can be carried in the pocket and used in the absence of a diameter tape. The cord can be cut or marked at the circumference length, measured at any later time and converted into diameter in inches to tenths. Care must be taken to avoid or record abnormal butt swell and gross irregularities in bole circumference. The exact 39 location should be noted so that anyone can check the measurements. The report should be made to the School of Forestry, University of Idaho, Moscow. The nearest National Forest officer will also be glad to receive any report of large trees. If measurements of large trees which have been cut are sent in, the lo- cation of the stump should be given and any corroborating evidence such as the names of the logging companies and the scaler or other person actually measuring the tree should be given. Newspaper clippings are of value. OTHER RECORDS Some other interesting tree records have ap- peared. The Pend d'Oreille National Forest has a section of white pine 14 inches D. B. H., with only 21 annual rings. There are only 11 rings in the last 5 inches of growth and during the last decade of its life it increased in di- ameter QMQ inches, almost an inch a year. First place for height goes to the western white pine reported by Howard Drake shown in the table, Part I, He states this tree yield- ed 15 sixteen-foot logs or 240 feet of mer- chantable length. The additional length of top and stump was not stated. What site index would this tree indicate, you students of Chapman? Further, Mr. Drake states that the quarter section of timber from which the tree came cut eleven million fe-et of white pine besides five million mixed species, or enough timber for 1,000 average houses. At that, though, it would take three acres to pro- duce as much wood as has been taken from one giant redwood. And finally, Mister Smokechaser, with your little Pulsaki tool, how would you like to find that your fire was in the top of a 67-inch d. b. h. fire-killed Idaho white pine reported from the Kootenai National Forest and your job was merely to fell the tree. SCHOOL HAS DISTINGUISHED VISITORS Mr. Howard Drake, Logging Engineer of the Coeur d'Alene National Forest, gave a series of two lectures to Idaho School of For- estry students, Thursday, February 23. Tim- ber Appraisals on the National Forests was the subject of his lecture to the logging and lumbering students. Later in the day he dis- cussed fire protection to the class covering this subject. Mr. H. L. Redlingshafer, regional fiscal agent for the U. S. Forest Service, Alaska, was a School of Forestry visitor on Thursday, November 17, 1932. His son, Thomas, is registered as a freshman in the School of Forestry. The elder Mr. Redlingshafer was greatly pleased with the Idaho forest school. Mr. Charles K. McHarg, Jr., Regional For- est Inspector, with headquarters at Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, chose Aspects of the Idaho Forest Law in his lecture to the forestry students on December 20, 1932. Mr. E. A. Sherman, Associate Forester, U. S. Forest Service, Washington, D. C., with Mr. Meyer H. Wolif, Assistant Regional For- ester in Charge, Office of Lands, U. S. Forest Service, Missoula, Montana, were callers at the School in early fall. Mr. Wolff returned late in March to be present at the Associated Foresters' Annual Banquet and on March 30, this year, delivered an interesting lecture to the students on the subject The New Public Domain which he has defined elsewhere in this issue of THE IDAHO FORESTER. Mr. Sher- man is author of the article entitled Planning a Forest for the University of Idaho, also contained in this issue of THE IDAHO FOREST!-IR.

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33 THE IDAHO FORESTER THE LARGEST RECORDED MEASUREMENTS OF IDAHO TREES PART 1, TREES IN IDAHO Common Standing, Cut, Age in Spenies Name Location Reported By or Dead Diameter Years Height Pinus 'Western Marble Creek Standiford 5 mel-ch, monticola white pine Rutledge Tbr. Co. CE. Kochi Cut 92 Stump 480 lugg Pinus IfVestern E Little N. Fork - moniicola white pine iClearwater River C. K. Mel-Iarg, Jr. Standing 84 D.B.H. -- - Pinus Western Kaniksu moniicola white pine Natl. Forest Howard Drake Cut-1922 -- L 15 logs Pinus Whitebark i Prof. Bonser, - rllbiccmlis pine St. Joe River Spokane Standing 23 Base - T Pinus Loclgepole i Weiser cantorfa pine Natl. Forest U.S.F.S. R-4 - 40.7 D.B.H. -- l Pinus Ponderosa Wolf Lodge Bay poriclerosa pine I near C. d'Alene C. K. McHarg, Jr. Standing '29 73 D.B.H. i 10? logg Pimrs Ponderosa i Elk River. Potlatch W ponderosa pine Idaho Lumber Co. Cut-1922 78 Stump 1 .1 Pinus Ponderosa Payette ponderosu pine , Natl. Forest U.S.F.S. R-4 Z 31 D,B,H, ... 208' Tsugfl Western f Upper Priest R. R. I-I. Weidman, lzeteroplzyllu hemlock 1 Kaniksu N. F. G- KSIHDYT, et 211 Standing '28 64 D.B.H. 1 - Cache N. F. fNot Pseudofsngfr Douglas stated whether in U.S.F.S. R-4 T 59.0 D,B,H, .1 l iaivifolia Iir I Idaho or Utahj Abies Lowland i N. Rocky Mt. grmidis white fir Forest Exp. Sta. G. Kempff Standing '28 53 D.B.H. - -.. -Tlmja IVestern I Washington Cr., E. Koch and plicnfn red cedar Clearwater Co. Fitzwater Standing '31 1.50 D.B.H. 1- T Tlzuja Western Roosevelt Grove, C. B. Clark, H. 2000 to plicata red cedar Kaniksu N. F. Flint, tk Gerrard Standing '19 1411 D.B.H. 3000 .... Juniperus Rocky Mt. Fiiield Basin seopuZo1-um red cedar Idaho Falls W. G. Steward Cut-1928 57.2 Base 1625 L .- -1- - 4 - v Tnfozls i Clearwater Weekly Bul., D-1 lzreuifolia Western yew i Natl. Forest U.S.F.S. 5-22-22 Standing '10 22 Base .1 393 Betula V Carpentier Cr. W-- jfO7Zff7lfIZfS Red birch Payette N. F. Floyd L. Otter Standing '31 13 D.B.H. T -- PART 2, RECORD TREES OF IDAHO SPECIES Reported found in other States Enos G1'ey's River, flexilis Limber pine Wyo. U.S.F.S. R-4 - 70.5 D,B,H, L i Pimls - flexilis Limher pine Utah Beacraft. U.A.C. Standing 37 D,B,H, U.. 4014. Picefl Engelmann Gordon Cr.. Flat- - eizgelmmmi I spruce head N. F., Mont. H. Thol Standing '29 742 at 5 feet T 2001s I 1 R. E. MQA1-die in - Pseudotswga Douglas fir Near Mineral, U.S.D.A. Tech. Cut 18-1.8f' D.B.H. logos 225fk trwrifolia N VVn. Bul. No. 201 Pseudotsuga 3 Timberman, H M taxifolia I Douglas fir Toledo. Ore. Oct., 1926 Cut i -. I 340, Pseirdotsilga Mt. VGTDOH, R. E. McArdle - N inxifolirv Douglas Hr Wasli. Tech. Bul. No. 201 Cut-1913 1 1400 i Jvmiperzfs Rocky Mt. Cache N. F.. scopulorum red cedar Utah U.S.F.S. R-4 Standing '32 95 Base 2700s 421+ Hamma Hamlna Tnxus Western yew Watershed. Olyin- R. D. Maclay, Q 48M Base brerifolicl DIC N. F.. Wash. U.S.F.S. 37 D.B.I-If fEstimated

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A GENERAL COMPARISON OF AERIAL AND GROUND SURVEYS THROUGH FOREST AREAS J. A. CHAMBERLIN E'I'Lg'i'l'L66'1 , Idaho Department of Public Wo1'ks THE survey through the forest for the crossing of the Bitter Root Mountains by the Lewis and Clark Highway between Lewis- ton, Idaho and Missoula, Montana was under- taken by aerial methods in the interest of speed, economy, and improved survey methods. The project was undertaken jointly by the United States Bureau of Public Roads and the Idaho Department of Public Works. A discussion of the general conclusions reached in comparison with those usually se- cured by the customary ground methods is of interest, as many new and essential advan- tages have become apparent. These advan- tages are individual to aerial methods, so constitute aerial method assets, and are enumerated rather than compared, as there are no ground method equivalents to set against them. GROUND LIMITATIONS Ground survey methods have remained prac- tically constant as to time, cost, and scope for a long period. The speed of construction ac- celerates annually. Nature's obstacles and hu- man endurance have remained constant. Man's chief limitation has been his natural means of locomotion and his limited horizontal vision. Aerial methods provide another dimension and will lift him above these limitations. The necessity for greater dispatch in con- structive decision to supplement the increasing speed in transportation and communication is well recognized. The planning and prepara- tion for constructive undertakings usually consumes more time than the construction it- self. If constructive decision and design are not accelerated in proportion to that of the other elements, the cycle of speed and time saving will not be complete. The slower functions will nullify, to a large extent, the general advance. The net saving in time will be reduced and de- velopment be retarded in a general economic sense. TIME FACTOR The time factor carries an economic and political value that is not readily determinate in dollars and cents when monetary first costs are considered and compared. It is, however, a dominant factor when measured in terms of final value received. The holding of projects in suspense during long periods of investiga- tion and ground survey is a liability on public projects and a financial loss to operating com- panies. Rapidity of decision allows the stream of development to flow continuously and re- moves obstructions that delay not only the pri- mary project, but related ones as well. The public or business interest which sup- ports the particular undertaking is continually sustained by rapidity of decision. Interest is not allowed to subside through long prepara- tory periods during which adverse conditions may arise and administrations change. During the preliminary period of considera- tion, the economic foundation of an undertak- ing is laid, as the primary findings form the basis for acceptance or rejection. It is during this period that the information at hand is usually most meager and assurances are slow in developing. By the use of aerial methods, this situation is reversed. All physical and topographical information is secured with the greatest of dispatch at a time when its pos- session is most essential. Facts are immedi- ately at hand. The maximum information is available at the psychological time and not months or perhaps years later when condi- tions, opinions and persons have changed. PERSONAL EQUATION Preliminary examinations and reports are usually made by one individual whose findings are sometimes checked by the independent re- ports of another individual and on these find- ings the program is outlined. The reports and maps submitted are unavoidably colored by the competency and reactions of the individual maps and the scope of the examination refiect his opinion as to the suiiiciency of the infor- mation. This individual attitude or personal equation, has a greater effect and infiuence during the preliminary stages than at any other time. The report of the individual is considered by a superior officer who has little means of measuring its merit and sufiiciency. The present interrelation of business and departmental subdivisions is making more and more essential the necessity for joint decisions when determining upon a course of action. The situation must be considered from varied as- pects by various executives. The information wide in scope as well as finely de- must be tailed to meet the requirements. Aerial photo- graphs, mosaics and maps, when submitted to a management allow the subject to be con- sidered by all concerned. GROUP DECISION The executive heads may then reach their own individual conclusions without being sub- ject to the personal equation of any individ- ual and without the possibility of misunder- standing any supplementary verbal or written information. The final outline for action is then developed and becomes a joint or group decision in which all interested parties have participated in proportion to their jurisdiction.