University of Chicago - Cap and Gown Yearbook (Chicago, IL)

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decade of the twentieth century. Over a period of years. the fraternities show a decided variability in this respect The 1937 survey rates the Betas ftrst, but in 1911, Beta was next to the bottom of the list. . Blackfriars continued to be Ia strong activity. The preverbial pot boiled when the organization tried to put the excellent 1908 show, 11The Sign of the Double Eagle, on the road ta 1a the Princeton Triangle ClubL but the attempt hzzled, and died. In 1920 the hrst modern Black- friars show e Barbara Behave - was presented. University publications were gradually expanding; in magazines there was a genuine Renaissance. In 1917 the University of Chicago Literary Monthly was replaced by the Chicagoan, a magazine that was designed to meet popular taste. An entirely new type of magazine, the Phoenix? was created to cover both college humor and literary efforts. The Chanticleer? a news weekly digest of social and political problems, sprang briefly into promi' nenee, but was suspended in 1922. The 'Daily Maroon staff published a monthly magazine, the ?Circle, for the hrst time in 1922. The Daily Maroon of this. era was reputed to be the best college dailyr in the country. Religieus activity during President Judson15 adminiSI tration was at a peak; until as late as 1919, Chapel at- tendance was compulsory once a week, with penalties for nonlattendance. The class of 117 included a 110040- Church Sunday in its Spring Quarter program. Dis- cussion of morals and health was widespread. and in 191613 long series of anti-Cigarette lectures was'given. The student was impressed with a sense of personal supervision; many of the then current regulations are today distinctly reminiscent of grammar schooi. In 1912 a hrevdrill was held for students having classes in Cobb Hall; the 10:15'10:45 recess, which had been eliminated in the fall of 1912, was reinstated during the Winter Quarter, because of an overwhelming number of conr plaints. ' With the advent of the World War, the students were feverishly active in the fight to save democracy. Campus activities slowed down practically to a etandestilf; in 1918, there was no Blackfriar show; the Cap and Gown was halved, in both size and price. Enrollment of men was cut Eighteen 0 Early scene in the Daily Ma- roon oHicereEm-e editorial acidity. - by eighteen percent, and that of women by three percent. German classes droppeti to fifty percent of their former size. . The professors began to take an academic approach to the study of war. A series of papers explaining the ceuses for the United States' en! trance into the World War was pubiished by the Um versity Press to strengthen the spirit of patriotism. In 1918 war courses were ofr fered in the regular eurrieue lum. The largest single underr taking of the University in connection with the war was drilling. In the spring of 1917, 800 were enrolled in the R..O.T.C.; members of the faculty, and even President Judson, drilled right with the students. In june of that year, Marshal Foch visited the University, and inspected the unit. In actual service, nearly one hundred University of Chicago men lost their lives. Relief work occupied a. prominent place in the Uni- versitfs war activities. The ambulance service sent an ambulance and a complete staif across in 1917. The next year most fraternities rented their houses to the govern, ment. Most of the vacant land along the Midway was offered by the trustees for war gardens. Particularly active was the Womarfs War Aid Society; members tilled gardens, conducted economy classes. and engaged in Red Cross work. Some of the socks diligently knitted by University women, the doughboys declared, htweuld fit no human foot!11 High Salaries Bring High Honors Former President Harpefs educational policies were continued to the very end of judsonTS administration. New I Cap and Gown propaganda on a large scale.

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learn from the weak. Tolerance, sympathy, kindness, the generous word, the helpful act, all typical of the woman We commemorate. will be the contribution of the women who go forth from Ida Noyes Hall to take part in the upbuilding of the- new civilization which is to come. ' The government of women's activities and guidance was for thirty-years under the capable leadership of Miss Talbot. Sagacious, diplomatic, kind, and possessing a rare humor, Miss Talbot was be10ved by all the women under her leadership. It was she who was responsible for the term 'lUniversity woman'a replacing the term lbco'ed. The University women were responsible to themselves. and the general public opinion of the eommun1ty;I It isnlt done guided their activities rather than It's against the rules,n arid this attitude has persisted t0 the present da . 'y'llhat elusive quality known as college spirit'1 was much more prevalent on the Chicago campus before the World War than it is today; student organizations made great strides under Judson. One of the earlier attempts to break up cliques and encourage a feeling of unity was the first Interclub dinner, in 1907. The Yellow Jackets, the Blue Bottles and the Black Bonnets were, strangely enough, the honor societies for women, Formed in 1914; the names were symbolized in attractive Rand much coveted e little pints. One of the most popular of the male organizations was the ThreetQuarters Club, organized in 1895. In that year, freshmen could not pledge a fraternity in the first three quarters at the University, and the Three-Quarters Club supplied their need for social activity. Theineophytes performed stunts at football games, and- many were the amusing escapades they engineered on campus during the noon hour. In 1912 the club' was enlarged to admit three members of each fraternity, and two nonlfraternity men; the latter were designated as leerharians. The next year the rules were changed to provide for four candidates from each fraternity, only two of whom became hnal members, and a total of ten nonlfraternity men. But the beating of pledges, and the Opinion that the club was an inordinate time'consumer, brought so much pressure to bear that it drifted into obscurity. The class of 1911 probably possessed the greatest amount of school spirit in the history of the UanErSlty. The women voluntarily wore green bands around the1r dainty wrists for purposes of identification among the men; the seniors pledged themselves to grow mustaches tshades of the presentvday mustache retest, the juniors donned blue-knobbed caps, and the sophomores wore grey toques with yellow knobs. . Song contests were devices used to stimulate school spirit. By 1910, students emerged from research to declare that pepular music was the reason for the decline of college songs. To apply ointment to the wound, in March; 1911, Blackfriars sponsored a. song contest at the University; prizes'of fifty dollars each were oEered for the beet lyrics and music. The judging, originally scheduled for April'second, had to be postponed h for lack of suitable m'aterial. ' Since 1910 students have had their day measured by the Alice Freeman Palmer chimes. Stagg requested that .the Alma Mater be played each night at 10:06 o'clock by the bells suspending in Mitchell Tower as a hint to athletes to retire. Another landmark in 1910 was the adoption of the University seal - long desired by Harper, The design was evolved by judson, Ryerson. and Hutchinv s o n . T h e :1 main figures, a phoenix and a book, typif y im' tn 0 r t a 1 i ty and knowl' edge respec- tively, t h e surrtmndin g flames eomv m e in o r a t e t h e .g r e a t Chicago fire and the rev building of the city. The original de' sign, with - the book su' perimposed on the phoer nix, is carved in Harper Library. The design as 1': Exists today-the book above the phoenixeis exemplified by the plaque Ion the ground lloor of Mitchell Tower. loomers, and basketball. o Junior-Sem'or rivalry, . First Fraternity Reformations Until 1910, fraternities were run on the familiar cut- throat basis. Rushing .was 'free and unrestricted. Some men were pledged during. itheir-second year of 'high school! Underlying the change in policy to unity and higher standards' was the Interfratemity Sing, held for the first time during the Alumni Week of 1911. Rushihg rules were formed, and the Intetfraternity Council set up to administer them in january of 1912. ' - Rushing was prohibited from .MQnday morning to Thursday evening, in order that members and - freshmer1 might not be diverted from their studies; another regu' lation forbade Htampering with men, 'onee they had pledged a fraternity. In 1914, rushing 0f highvsehool men was tontined t0 the last half of. their'senior year. Naturally rules were broken, but punishment, consisting of un' favorable publicity in the. Maroon or restriction of ' pledging activity, was levied in the hope that illegal rushing would be eliminated to the furthest possible extent. Scholarship rating of fraternities began in the 'Efst Seventeen

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O Wartime Reserve of- ficers training corps. fields of education were opened up, and new schools esv tablished. It was necessary d u t i n g these years of the Universityis youth to obtain prominent educators who had already established themselves in their own fields. Salaries to attract such men w e r e necessarily high. but the per' sonal frame that these men achieved was naturally transt ferred to the grow ing University. In 1913, Dr. Milliken received the Cemstock Prize for his research on electricity, magnetism, and radiant energy. In 1920 Dr. Michelson was elected to the French Royal Academy of Sciencest President Judson himself brought fame to the University when, in 1910, he received the decoration of thcer of the Legion of Honor. Under Judson a system of retiring allowances to professors, and allowances to their widows, was established. This system has been so improved that now it is one of the most competent in the United States. New methods of instruction and admission were also introduced. In 1911, high school students aspiring to attend the University of Chicago were required to be in the upper section of their high school class; in 1920, the grade required for entrance was set at a minimum of two-thirds of the passing grade of the school from which the student had graduated, plus thirty'three and a third per cent. Those deemed capable, but who were prevented from making such grades by being forced to earn their way through school, were admitted on the basis of phsychological aptitude tests. From the students; view point there were also financial changes in 1916. The tuition was raised from $40 to $50 a quarter. After the Armistice, Le Verne Noyes gave $2,500,000 in Chicago real estate, the income from which was to provide scholar! ships for the veterans of the World War, and their descendants. o Threaquarters ciub hazing - publicly administered. In the Senior college the privilege of electing courses was granted; the faculty extolled. this method as conducive to making the students program coherent and progressixre. Early in the 192015. radio offered new possibilities for a. medium of instruction. University interest became so great that the Daily Maroon started a hradl'o news section ! In 1922 Professor Moulton began the broad! casting over WMAQ, with his astronomy lecture entitled The Everlasting Sky? 1926 witnessed the hrst broad! casting of claSSi-oom lectures. Later, with the inceptioin of the New Plan and its attendant survey lectures, greater possibilities were to become apparent; until, in 19333314, the complete series of Humanities Survey lectures was broadcast. At that particular comprehensive, notes 'and syllabi Were brought to the examinationT'room; the exam- ing board considered the ability to select and synthesize far more important than the mere knowledge of facts. Harry Pratt Judson cdntinued in ofhce three ye'ars'past the retiring age of '70, resigning in 1923. His admin? istration was characterized by a. slow, steady upward trend, rather than by striking innovations. Harper and. Judson had guided the University safely through its dangerous infancy; the character and individuality of its adolescence remained to be developed by its presi' dents of the future. ' 93ft anh Aniuitg The administration of 'Ernest DeWitt Burton had the effect of a stimulus on the steadily but slowly beating heart of the University.-'New ideas in education, a boom in campus activities, a new building era-all gave life and impetus to the temporarily dormant institution, and' brilliantly added to the already colorful history of our University. - ' - In 1923, Dr. Burton, an intimate friend and associate of former Presidents Harper and Judson, Was unanimously elected President of the University of Chicago. President Burton immediately took steps to expand and improve the. departments of the University. He saw that the original personnel was growing old. How to replace these with equally capable men was a problem of no little importance, and one which had never before confronted the young University. He reeagnized that high salaries were needed to attract and hold capable men, but additional funds were not available. Finally the decision was made to Nin cteen