University of Chicago - Cap and Gown Yearbook (Chicago, IL)

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Crane . . . English HORTLY before President and Mrs. Hutchins left for a visit to the Hawaiian Islands for the month November 16 to December 21, the Presi- dent announced the appointment of Ronald S. Crane, Professor of English, as chairman of the department of English at the University. Since the death last sumw met of Charles IL Baskerviil, former chairman of the department, Robert Morss Lovett had been acting chair- man. This, incidentallyr was about as far as the Uni- versity ever went toward dehance of the state Legisla- tive committee which had askEd the dismisml of Pro- fessor Lovett. Professor Crane is a. graduate of the University of Michigan and holds his doctorts degree from the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania. From 1911 to 1924p he ad- vancrd from instructor to assistant professor to as- sociate professor of English at Northwestern University. Coming to the University of Chicago as an associate professor in 1924:, he was made full professor in 1925. Professor Crane's chief research interest lies in the English essay and he has edited two volumes entitled ttThe English Familiar Essay, 1916. and ttNew Essays by Oliver Goldsmith, 1927. In connection with the latten- work, Dr. Crane discovered that Goldsmith, be- fore he wrote his famous uDesettet'l Village? had writ- ten it as an essay. Since 1930, Professor Crane has been editor of the learned journal, nMecdem Philology. Dr. Crane has long been one of the few men in the department of English whose classes have had some basis in intellectual anti aesthetic analysis. This means that absorbing questions like. nWhen was the Deserted Viiiaget writtentt? are abandoned in favor of tWiii'hat is poetry'tP; ttWhat kinds 0? poetry exist ?; ttHnw is poetry tu he appl'aiscd'iit; uBy intutitionith By formal aesthetic analysis by the intellect ?; ttIs there any real conflict between the judgment of the intellect and ap- praisal by the intuition ? The tide perhaps has turned in the department of English from the skepticism of pure empirieism, In the hands of an intelligent ration- alist, mureover, the truths that empiricism has to utter are not overlooked. The converse of this proposition is also true. An intelligent empirieist will not overlook the truths of rationalism. Adler . . . lnferiority Complex 5 a visitor last fall. Dr. Alfred Adler, famed proponent of individual psychology? of Vienna and the Long Island Medical College in New York, lectured at the University campus on the Mean- ing Elf NeurosiS-lt Dr. Adler is one of the leading authorities of the world in the field of dynamic psychology, acmrding to psychologists. Early in the century, he was a. collabo- rator with Sigmund Freud of Vienna. Sharply disi agreeing with Freud as tn the fundamental cause of nervous disorders Called neuroses, Dr. Adler and his followers broke away to form their own school of thou ht, individual psychology. This school maintains the octrine of the ttindivisible unity of personalityti in each human being. When this unity of personality is disturbed, the neurosis occurs, Adler sayht white Freud attributes neurosis to sex, accurding to Universityr psychologists. To explain t h e f n 1' c e s which d 1' i v e PHOTO BY SCHWA'H men 21nd women to want security and even supremacy, Dr. Adler mined the term, inferiority mmplex.n Here Freud and Adler disagreed again, Freud holding that these drives can be traced to sex. New Testament-l 300 A. D. MONG the gifts received by the University during A this period was an ancient Greek manuscript of the GOSPels of Luke and J aim, written about 1300 A. D. and discovered in Athens, which was recently acquired by the Divinity School. It was purchased from Daniel Keiiad, a. numismatist tdeale: in old CuinSL of Jersey City, largely through :1 gift by John S. Miller, Chicago attorney. This edition is the 26th volume of New Testament Greek manuscripts in the University's collection, which is the second largest in the country. The University of Michigan owns at present the largest collection of these manuscripts. Scholars have noted that the chief peculiarity of this particular manuscript is the unusual formaticm of the Greek letter, gamma, throughout the volume. Most of its pages are unadomed by miniatures or colored letters. Two further gifts recall the memory of two men an the famous original faculty brought to the University in 1892 by President XVitliam Rainey HarperiJ. Lauri enee Laughlin, Professor of Political Economy, 1892 to 1916, and Franklin Johnson, Professor of Divinity, 1592 to IQUkwhen the Board of Trustees accepted their portraits for University halls. The portrait of Professor Laughlin, who was the chief academic proponent in the country of the 1914: Federal Reserve Act, was painted by Johansen and now hangs in the Social Science Assembly Room. The portrait of Professor Johnson, done by Charles Hupkinson, is in the Common Room of Swift hall. The portraits were presented to the University by Mrs. Laughiin and Mrs. Johnson, wives of the deceased scholars. Stein . . . Wilder MONG the books published by the University Press was Narretionti by Gertrude Stein. It containa the four lectures she delivered at the University last year. Thornton Wilder, novelist, professorial lecturer at the University, and friend of Miss Stein, wrote the introduction to the 62Apage volume. ttNarrationh has .9. very unusual cover of modernistic design, and the make-up throughout is as unusual as Miss Stein's style. It is not difhcuit to perceive what Miss Stein was trying to do in the book If read aloud cor- rectly, her prose becomes musical, and if the accents are properly arranged, it becomes intelligible. The silent reader will encounter some difliculty in determining the antecedents of her pronouns. But, by and large, her writing in this book is intelligible to the average Jay reader, treating grammar, the distinctions between prose and poetry, the relation of news-writing to his- tory, and the retation of the writer to his audience.

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His professional colleagues recognized this by honor- ing him With the presidency of the American Histerial Association. tiUnlike so many of his colleagues, Professor Breasted believed that research was useless unless presented to the public in an attractive form. His Ancient Times, the text-book in ancient history of the last generation, brought to hundreds of thousands of youthful minds the conviction that the ancient world was as living 5.3 the present. His Conquest of Civilization brought this 'New Orient, to more mature but equally enthue siastic readers. It is the simple truth that the over- whelming inerest in the ancient Near East so manifest today in America is due primarily to the influence of Professor Breasted. uAt the height of big reputation and in the full ma.- turit;r of his powers, he turned from the personal re search which-was to him the very breath of life to pro- vide for the future of his beloved studies. After re- peated disappointments when his projects seemed on the verge of fulfillment, at. last, through the generosity of Mr. John D. Rockefeller, JL, he founded the Oriental Institute at. the University of Chicago. In this great leboratory of history, 3.5 he rightly called it, he collected the largest group of scholars dedicated to theSe studies in the world, and set them, young and old, the common task of presenting a fuller, more authentic, and more living picture of that fascinating past. The published works which have made his great reputation will live after him, but his greatest contribution to the future will be the books of those young men tfained at the Oriental Institute for whose inspiration Professor Breasted laid aside his own research. Pioneering in his field, a vivid and prolific writer, Dr. Breastedts ambition to recover for modern civitizatian the story of man's rise from pre-historical savagery was given great impetus with the establishment of the Ori- ental Institute as a research organization at the Uni- versity in 1919. Largely through the generosity of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., the expedition work was put on a. permanent basis through lar e ifts in 1928. In 1931, the new $1,500,000 Institute ui ding cm the corner of University avenue and 5Bth street was opened. This latter event was in the nature of a personal triw umph for Dr, Breasted, who almost singlelmnded had organized in a young middle-westem city the greatest concertect effort ever made to unearth the lost chapters in the history of biblical and preebiincal times, Dr. Breastedts Chicago offices served as headquarters for twelve expeditions, employed more than 100 stat work- ers and several thousand native diggers who are emv played at strategic sites around the western basin of the Mediterranean, regarded as the cradle of civilization. Dr. Breastedts first tiexpeditionl' to Egypt, made in 1899, was done on a budget of $500, with equipment consisting 01' a camera. and a donkey. The annual budget of the Institute is now $700,000, and its workers utilize all the devices of modern science in their work. The National Labor Relations Act TTENTION of the business and lab0r world was directed to The National Labor Relations Act, a study by William H. Spencer. Dean of the School of Business. which was published in November by the' University Press. While the National Labor Relations Act tWagner Billl contains thome ill-advised provisions and is sub- ject to criticism because of certain serious ommis- sions, it is on the whole a s u u n d piece of legislation, Dean Spencer says. He was former chairman of the Chicago Regional Labor Board. suc- cessor in this posi- tion of President Robert M. Hutch- ins, until the NRA was ruled out by the Supreme Court. By the time the Cap and Gown is out, the Court will have ruled on the W'agner Bill. so the words here of a scholar wiIl get thr- acid test. William Spencer The A131 is not as bad as employers seem to'think it is;1 Dean Spencer commentst and it certainly 15 not a panacea. as organized labor pretends to believe nThe statute as a whole is vulnerable to constitutional attack on several grounds. The Supreme Court may de- clare that one 01' more of the iunfuir lubur practicesl arc unconstitutional on the ground that they are lin- justifiable interefereuce with freedom of contract, guare unteed by the Fifth Amendment. The Court may also decide that certain other sections offend against the due process of law clause because they do not provide for adequate judicial review of the Boardis decisions and activities in connection with the selection and design:- tion of repfesentatives for purposes of collective har- gaining Although it is unliker that the Court will declare the whale law unconstitutional on the ground that it invades the sphere of state control over local affairs, it is possible that the Court may so far limit the applica- tiuu of the law as practically to nullify it. i'There is little doubt but that in the immediate future the Labor Board will proceed with great caution in the assertion of its jurisdiction and powers. There is little doubt that employers will resort to all manner of legal devices and strategyr to tie the hands of the Board until the Supreme Court has had opportunity to pass judg- ment can the constitutionality 0f the Act. Finally, it is somewhat premature to assume that we have come to the end of a competitive regime, that we are pemnanently committed to a regime of economic planning throu l1 theoretically,r large, weli-balenced pres- sure groups. t at, since employers are typically well- urganized labor groups must be encouraged to organize, and that a. return to competition is unthinkable. In- consistency is seented, if not demonstrated, when the President at the Same time advocates higher taxes as a means of decentralizing large industrial units and signs the Labor Act which will undoubtedly,Y tend to-the solidi- fication of workers into large economic pressure groups. l'The New Labor Board set up under the Wagner Bill is moving slowly prior to constitutional tests in the courts. It has only half a dazen cases or so under consideration, while the old board had 300 during a cor- responding period of time, said Mr. Spencer in a later address at Fullerton Hall, Art Institute, speaking on The WagnEI Bill and Collective Bargaining, 9-5

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William Dodd William E. Dodd NOTHER book, Essays in Honor of William E. Doddf' has been written by 12 former stu- dents of the present United States Ambassador to Germany, who is ProfessorrEmeritus of Modern Hisi turf,Y at the University. The book includes: ttAmerica. and Freedom of the Seas, 1861-65 by Frank L. Owsley 0f Vanderbilt University: ttCantempural-y Opinion in the Virginia. of Thomas Jefferson by Maude H. Verand- f'm of Richmond College; nThe Fabric of Chicago's Early Society by Bessie L. Pierce of the University of Chi- cage, and the Ideology of American Expansiontt by Julius W. Pratt of the University of Buffalo. Lectures . . . Hislory of Science Fall Quarter at the University was a public lehture course on the ttIL-Iistt'n'y of Sciencef not given only by scientists, but orientaiists, historians, and philosophers as well. It was imperfect if measured by the monumental uHistoryr of Science by George Sartun, but it was :1. lung step in the direction of synthesis. The lectures occurred as fotlows: ttSeiennce in the Ancient Near East by Albert '1'. Olmstead. Professor of Orir ental History; Greek Science by Clih'ord P. Osborne. Instructor in Phiiosophy; ttMoslem Sciencett by Martin Sprengling, Professor of Semitic Languages and Liter- atures; I'ltr'lesilieml Science by Einar Joranson, Ansa- ciate Professor of Medieval History; ttI-tenaissance Science by Charles Morris, Associate Professor of Philosophy; The Search for a. Method. by A. Cornelius Benjamin, Assistant Professor of Philosophy; t'Geame- try,, and Algebra by Ralph G. Sanger, Instructor in MathematiCS: the DeveioPment of Scientific Instru- ments by A. M. McMahon. Curator, the Museum of Science and Industry; HDynamical Astronomy, by Wilv liam D. MacMiHan, Professor of Astronomy; ttAnalysist' by Mr. Sanger; Optics? by Harvey 13. Lemon, Pro- fessor of Physics; Electricity and Magnetism by Arthur J . Dempstcr, Professor of Physics; The Emer- gence of Chemistry, The Development of General Chemistry? and ttOrganic Chemistry by James K. Senior, Research Associate in Chemistry,- ttlleat by Dr. Lemon; nPhysical Chemistry? by Thurfin H. Hug- ness, Associate Professor of Chemistry; Modern Devel- opment of Jl'ttalt'nismn by Dr. Dempster; Spectrmcopy and Astrophysics't by George S. Monk. Assistant Pro- fessor of Physics; Cosmogonyt, by Otto Strnve, Prof fessor of Astrophysics and Director, Yerkes Observa- tory; ttDevelopment of Geologytt L and IL by Edson St Bastin, Professor of Economic Geology, chairman, Department of Geology; ttPaleontology: The Study of Fossils by Carey Croncis, Assistant Professor of Geolo- gy, and History of Cosmic Rays, by Dr. Lemon. ONE of the really splendid contributions during the Two things will immediately be observed about the History of Science series. Most of the men giving the series were younger men on the fecultiest and, In gen- eral, they gave the impression that everythmg worth 'der ing in science had been. done at the Unwermty. 'ElhlS may be almcst true in some helds, but the-professmns that depend on science, medicine and englncenhg, to mention oniy two, were hardly mentioned. Work 1n the Biological! ScienceSephysiology and psyehologywn the University campus was stighted. The tnhute we Pay t0 the eii'm'tI however, Still stands. It was a Istep m the right direction. It was not the first step elthet. Prom fessor Charles Morris of the department of Phllosqphy had the idea two years ago and acted on it at that time. Originally intended and interpreted as an attack on the rationalist inHuenL-es at the University, it has compelled students and faculty alike to consider the whole scope of science in. its growth and development, and the re- sulting impulse toward synthesis delights anyune Who has not already identified himself as an exponent of anti-intellectualism. Degrees . . . depression S CONVOCATION for the Fall Quarter ap- proached, the usual Ph.D. contributions to knowledge made their appearance. Wurst ex- amples: The Early Growth of Poetic Realism in An- ders Osterling, 1904-10, ttThc Ideal of the Court Lady in England, 1558-1625ft 'tBoulders from Bengalia, and Procedures Used in Selecting School Books. Best examples: Effects of Nitrogen Supphr on the Rates of Photosynthesis and Respiration in Plants, and ttForecasting the Commodity Price Level, 1850 to 1930: An Appraisal of 150 Predictions? The question may be rightly raised whether any stu- dents, pressed by economics need to get a degree as quickly as possible, should be allowed to attempt a contribution to knowledge to which the University must lend the prestige of its name. The fault of trivial re- Search by students does not lie with the students neces- sarily. It lies in the professionatization and degradation of the Ph.D. and the weight of academic Custom in re- quiring a. thesis for such a degree. These errors have been heightened by the economic insecurity of students, during the depression years who are in a. very justifiable. hurry to get the degree and get out to teach as 50011 M possible. In this they do not differ from law or medical students, except that the PhD. in same depart- ments sets a much easier and quicker task then the J.D. or the M.D. Charles Morris 27