Truman State University - Echo Yearbook (Kirksville, MO)

Text from Pages 1 - 98 of the 1934 volume:

i (1) PHOTOGRAPHS Alexander-Willard Studio Kirlcsville PRINTING Journal Printing Company Kirlcsville {2} rug Amu a PUBLI HED BY THE STUDENT OE NORTHEA T HI 0URI TATE TEACHER COLLEGE KIRK VILLE MI DURI [3] s jAZ'j'JdslD If you find fault with thi book con ider the di ad- vantacje under which it mar produced CO ADMINI TRATION . cia SE ATHLETIC ACTIVITIES {6} [7] [8] I m Louis A. Eubank B S.. A. M . Ph. D. Dean of the Faculty and Head of the Division of Education Byron Cosby B. S.. A B. A. M. Business Administrator Mrs. S. H. Ellison Dean of Women BOARD OF REGENTS J. E. Weatherly, Hannibal C. J. Baxter, Kirksville J. A. Cooley, Kirksville C. W. Green, Brookfield W. L. Shouse, Shelbina Charles A. Lee. Jeiferson City Roland A. Zeigel, Kirksville { K)} DR. EUGENE FAIR President Sometimes echoes loud, clear, whispers! All garnered from the passing year, Free, light but imprisoned in this book to stay Through un numbered years both bright and gray. Increasingly your pages bind my soul in memory's strands Each one to sing a heart throb or of some loyal bands Who sought in dreams or actions fair To pursue life’s problems to the hidden lair. Echoes fond echoes ever dear Salute, salute the passing year. Eugene Fair. [ 11 1 •: i21 r i3 • First Row: Guy Curtright, Catherine Bramblett, Harold Dufur. Richard McMurry, President; Doris Pierce, John Rinehart. Second Row: Harriett Rose. William Scholle, Edith Streeter. Kyle Terry, Florene Wharton, Char- lianna Wilson. Student Council THE STUDENT COUNCIL is an organization elected by the student body, for the purpose of cooperating with the faculty to develop a greater student interest in the various activities on the campus. It is a medium through which the students express their opinion in formulating their policies, as long as they are in harmony with the ad- ministration. The Student Council is composed of two representatives from each class, an upper Councilman and upper Council- woman, a President, Vice-President, Treasurer, and a Sec- retary. Richard McMi rry President [ M3 [ 15 1 Faculty First Row: Cliff Cornwell, B. S.. A. M., Speech; Vera Fawcett, B. S., A. M., English; Elizabeth Prichard Turner, B. S.. A. A., A. B., A. M.. English and Latin; Willie Whitson. B. S., A. M., Education; Freda Bruns, B. S., M. A., Commerce; Katherine Sweeney, Music; Byron Coshy, B. S., A. B.. A. M., Mathematics. Second Row : Warren Jones, A. B., English; G. H. Jamison, B. S., A. M.. Head of Mathematics Division; W. J. Bray, B. S., A. B.. A. M.. Ph. D.. Head of Science Division; V. Don Hudson, B. S., Social Science; Marie Turner Harvey. Rural Education; Theodore Russell, B. S.. Music; Kenneth Milstead, B. S., A. M.. Ph. D.. Chemistry. Third Row: Bracy Cornett, B. S., A. M., Fine and Applied Arts; A. F. Miller, B. S., M. D., Health; Agnes Slemons, B. S., A. M., English; John Harty, B. S., A. M., Ph. D., Physics; J. W. Heyd, B. S., A. B., Ph. M., German and Head of English Division; Karl Webb, B. S., A. M., Music; Felix Rothschild, A. B., A. M., Education: Ben Leib, B. S., Industrial Arts. { 16} Faculty First Row: J. L. BiggerstafF, B. Mus., Music arid Head of Division of Arts; Sylvia Brown, B. S., Assistant Librarian; Ruth Curtis, B. S., Speech; Mrs. Margaret Ellison, Dean of Women; Clara Yadon, B. S., Assistant Librarian; W. S. Pemberton, B. S.. A. M., Mathematics and Extension Service. Second Row: Edith Dabney, B. S., A. M., Fine and Applied Arts; Minnie Kennedy, B. S„ A. M., Home Economics; J. S. Stokes, B. S., Pd. B.. M. S., A. M., Curator of Grounds; Fred S. Russell, B. S., M. S., Agriculture; Nan E. Wade, B. S., A. M., English and French; Frances Fuller, B. $., Physical Education. Third Row: L. A. Eubank, B. S., A. M., Ph. D., Education; Chauncey Simpson, B. S.. M. A., Physical Education; Lucy Simmons, B. S., A. B., A. M., History; Bailey Wright, B. S., A. M., Social Science; H. H. Colby, B. S., M. A., Commerce; Paul Selby, B. S., A. M., Ph. D., Head of Division of Commerce; Glen V. Burroughs, B. S., A. M., Ph. D., History ;C. H. McClure, B. S., A. M., Ph. D., Head of Social Science Division; Don Faurot, B. S., A. M., Physical Education; Barrett Stout, B. S., A. M., Music; W. J. Knobbs, A. B., B. S.. M. S., Biology. { 17} [18] [19] {«] [2! ] ■rv? Or A s! JjM b n © Duane Axtell Muriel Bachmann Francis Bell. Pepin, Wis. Towson, Md. Ethel, Mo. Madelyn Bertram Bentley Bolin Leona Bolton Edina, Mo. Hannibal, Mo. Lancaster, Mo. Earl Boucher . Ruth Bousman Ethel Bowls Cairo, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Catherine Brambi.ett Kirksville, Mo. Clay Brockman. Atlanta, Mo. Anna Katherine Brown Centralia, Mo. Christine Burkland. Cleo Cassaday . Margaret Cox . Mrs. Mary Craig Francis Cullen . Guy Curtright. Lorena Dalton Lena Day. . Harry Donnohue. . Carolyn Dreyer Floyd Dunham John Dutton. . Lancaster, Mo. Livonia. Mo. Salisbury, Mo. Monroe City, Mo. E. St. Louis, 111. Holliday, Mo Kirksville Mo. . Excello, Mo. Appleton City, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Cherry Box. Mo. {22} Eunice Easley . Raymond Elliott Frances Eubank Kirksville, Mo. Jefferson City, Mo. Otterville, Mo. David Evans.. . Trenton, Mo. Dale Findley . Kirksville, Mo. Twyla Freeman. . Shelbina, Mo. Eustace Garrett. . . Kirksville. Mo. Wesley Gingerich . Queen City, Mo. Mayme Glascock Hannibal, Mo. Margaret Gotschali.............. Coffey, Mo. Walker Graham............... Kirksville, Mo. Mary Frances Graves. . Anabel, Mo. Gene Greening........................ Kirksville, Mo. William Becknf.r...........................Kirksville, Mo. Dorothea Grim Morey . . Kirksville, Mo. Secretary-Treasurer Senior Class Marvin Gutekunst. Moberly, Mo. Nelson Haggerty................. Emden, Mo. Gretchen Hall.............. .Lancaster, Mo. Vice-President Senior Class Sophia Hatten..... Herman Herboth . . John Harrington. . . Hannibal, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Madeline Holman . Juanita Huffman. . . Dorothea Hutchison. . . Huntsville, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. J o r ft - ■_-- • ft ft cs - 'V itk  ' 1 O o (M tli n n r, .--V Villi' O £ D -v V • 4, - Atbi A Cj C. Cs i'' kAA M r t Ai ft ft rj . Lj J f!S o, ' fln. 2 ft IL A Juanita Jacobs Maxine Jaynes. Arthur Johnson G us Johnson. . Mildred Kondy George Krionderis Burnell Lamb. . Margaret Laughlin Johnny Lawrence. Walter Leibhart. Oscar Lbulf . . Clarence Lowe . . Kirksville, Mo. Humphreys, Mo. Humphreys, Mo. Cainsville, Mo. Marceline, Mo. Hartville, Wyo. New Boston, Mo. ... Troy, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Marceline, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Centerville, la. Susanne McDonald. . Chillicothe, Mo. Wm. Magruder . Shelbina, Mo. Charles Merriett . Moberly, Mo. Mildred McClure. Kirksville, Mo. Richard McMurry La Belle, Mo. Delmar Merrill . Keokuk, Iowa Muriell Millsap Anne Moore...... Mary Akers M(K)re . Powersville. Mo. Downing, Mo. Monticello, Mo. Wm. Moore Wm. Mudd Margaret O'Briant Waukegan, 111. Lancaster, Mo. . Lancaster, Mo. [24} Merritt Pace Helen Palmer. Beatrice Pickintaugh . Green City, Mo. Sturgeon, Mo. Union ville. Mo. Doris Pierce. . . Anna Belle Pitney. Marie Poole. . . Shelbina, Mo. Higbee, Mo. Clarksville, Mo. Vera Putman. . : . . . Ravanna. Mo. Sidney Phillies. . ... . Moberly, Mo. Virginia Phillips Homewood. Kirksville, Mo. Albert Ratliff Minnie Reeves. John Rinehart . Kirksville, Mo. . Troy, Ala. Kirksville, Mo. Ted Ritz...............................Reger, Mo Howard Roberts. . . Centralia, Mo. Isabelle Robinson . Kirksville. Mo. Henrietta Rudasill.................Strother, Mo. Helen Runge. . . Brookfield, Mo. Martha Samuelson Stromsburg, Neb. MarySaxson....................Quincy, 111. Katherine Schumaker................Eustis, Fla. Marvin Shelton . . Jonesburg, Mo. Florence Skinner Gladys Spencer Alma St a ats. Winfield, Mo. . . Brashear, Mo. Marceline, Mo. [ 25 } Gladys Stern . David Stephenson Beatrice Teter . . KemballThomas. . Grace Tolles. Mary Triplett. . Gertrude Warters. . Paul Weaver Glenn Whitney . Brunswick, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Moberly, Mo. New Cambria, Mo. Brunswick, Mo. Palmyra, Mo. Danville, 111. Kirksville, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Anne Williams. . .New Cambria, Mo. Velma Yowell............... Kirksville. Mo. James Worrell.....................Quincy, 111. Edith Streeter ... Pollock. Mo. Mary Ellen Stout. . Kirksville, Mo. Dearing Wolf.................... Greentop, Mo. Sam Katz....................Waukegan, 111. {26} JUjMJ0;3S [27] 'i ■i c o c e _r j; _ %' D Q — • “• ‘l 4 j Paul Akers Chester Atterbury Leland Blackman John Horace Boucher Dorothy Berry Curtis Bramblett . Monticello, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Povversville, Mo. San Marcos, Texas Shelbina, Mo. Kirksville. Mo. John Case..... Margaret Case . Paul Coffman. . . Kirksville, Mo. Sr. Louis, Mo. Bucklin, Mo. Clement Craig . . . Monroe City, Mo. Margaret Crawford , . . Chillicothe, Mo Helen Curry , . Kirksville, Mo. Virginia Daniels.............La Plata, Mo. Martha Belle Dickerson Livonia, Mo. Thelma Dossey ............... Cairo. Mo. Robert Doyle .... .. Shelbina, Mo. Miles Eaton. . . .. Powersville, Mo. President Junior Class Henry Enochs......................Kirksville, Mo. Martha Ellen Epperson . . Atlanta, Mo. Max Fife......................... Kirksville. Mo. Grace Finch. .. . Kirksville, Mo. Willmett Foster Wayne Frederick Vera Freeland Gilmett City, Mo. Martin City, Mo. Browning, Mo. {28} Meriam Green Hughes. Mary Grow........ Janice Harding..... kirksville. Mo. Memphis, Mo. Memphis, Mo. Wm. Hayden. . Marceline, Mo. Norrine Hemmings. . Holliday. Mo. Erma Hopper Chillicothe. Mo. Gretchen Hufi man Brooklield, Mo. Wayne Killibrfav. . Durham, Mo. Albert Kondy. . Marceline, Mo. Frank Kurelaitis. . E. St. Louis, 111. Frances Laughlin......................Kirksville, Mo. Adine Mansfield...........................Newark. Mo. Margaret McCullough . .Callao, Mo. Wm. Montz..................Brookfield, Mo. Kenneth Moore. . Newark. Mo. Mary Motter..................... Novinger, Mo. Merle Muhrer...........................Kahoka, Mo. Payne Muir.................Jefferson City, Mo. Russell Noel. Rhineland, Mo. Joseph Palmer.........................Sturgeon, Mo. Loyd Russell Kerns. Excelsior Springs, Mo. William Scholle................St. Charles, Mo. Arthur Shepard Greencastle, Mo. Sylvia Skinner.........................Winfield, Mo. [ 29 J r m Eugene Yearns............. Queen City, Mo. Edith Yowell . . Kirksville, Mo. Florence Wharton Kirksville, Mo. Hortense Williamson Jay Hatton..... Maurice Stockey Kirksville, Mo. Hunnewell, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Harry Jones. Leslie Norton Peter Heinz Green City, Mo. Downing, Mo. Kahoka, Mo. Harold Dueur Harry Plbnge . Richard Dodson Kirksville, Mo. Kahoka, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Cs O m O, fr, Eugene Smith Raymond Sharks Viola Smith Laura Garth Thomas Sutton Orville Towers. Frances Story Glen Tharp. O'Neil Van Eaton Newark. Mo. Kirksville. Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Kirksville. Mo. Kirksville, Mo. St. Charles. Mo. Strother, Mo. Green City, Mo. Gilman City, Mo. Martha Shirley Henry Cohn , LeoShimkus. Kirksville, Mo Waukegan, 111. Collinsville, 111. [JO} ALMA HOBBIE Class or 1935 Born Dec. 28, 1912 Died Jan. 21, 1934 [31} [ 32 3 (3) [33] vn n fi iu a a ° L f IX 1A r a a o a 4,a a a ti m. a a n i 7; '1 ,A a A CS f) L Md c i, a a, O a a O r a a Francille Bailey Margarite Baker Kathleen Black David Bowen . Nadine Bragg. . Harry Brown Mildred Brown Billie Buffington . Margaret Carter Lela Chappell. . Melvin Colbert Vay Courtney Harold Davis Cox Lowell Creed. Bernice Curl. Evelyn Dougherty Virginia Doyle. Ruth Eggert. Dorothy Facto. Elizabeth Farrington Jane Findley . Leon Fox . . . Betty Jane Fraser Mildred Gei.bach Josephine Hewitt . Louise Horde Sarah Howerton Betty Huckster . Mildred Hunsaker Iris Huston. .. Don B. INGERSLEW G. W. Johnson Rutledge. Mo. Keytesville, Mo. Moravia, Iowa Marceline, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Powersville, Mo. Brookfield. Mo. Mexico, Mo. Moulton. Ia. Green Castle, Mo. Hawk Point, Mo. Lewistown, Mo. Clarence, Mo. . Cairo, Mo. Green City, Mo. Higbee, Mo. Shelbina, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Boomer, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Brookfield, Mo. .... Stahl, Mo. Queen City, Mo. Hurdland, Mo. Rothville, Mo. Galt. Mo. Centralia, Mo. Kansas City, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Atlanta, Mo. Kahoka, Mo. Shelby ville. Mo. Turney, Mo. Hurdland, Mo. Green City, Mo. St. Catherine, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Edina, Mo. Glenwood, Mo. Adelaide Holloway Mary Frances H a m i lto n . Mildred Lee Hampshire Howard Hampton........ Frank Hanna Luella Hardy Atterbury. Fern Harrington. . . Ruth Heinz..... [34 } Hettie Johnson . Kirksville, Mo. Charles Kenneth Jones Green Castle, Mo. Edwin a Jones Kirksville. Mo. Lee Jones . . Kirksville, Mo. Minnie Karr Monroe City, Mo. Howard Keith. Kirksville, Mo. Bevla Patten Kirksville, Mo. Bonita Kimbrough Bethany, Mo. Prances Lair .- Kirksville, Mo. Evelyn Leake Clarence, Mo. Wayne Lehr Kirksville, Mo. Azalef. Kimbrell . Glenwood, Mo. Ruby Lindbbrg. . Bucklin, Mo. Walter Lucas. . . Lentner. Mo. UrsellLynn. Marceline, Mo. Grace Macumber Kirksville, Mo. Dhlmar Maddox Hannibal, Mo. Robert McKinney . Cairo, Mo. Susie McMillan. . Frankfort, Mo. Katherine McNutt Claysville, Penn. Ardyth McRkynolds Knox City. Mo. Wm. Murdock Milan, Mo. Katherine Moorman Mayesville, Mo. Maurice Murfin Kirksville, Mo. Edna Newcum . . Kirksville, Mo. C t BRTR UDE NORTHCR A FT Kirksville, Mo. Thelma Osborne. . Kirksville, Mo. Ruth Perry Dawn, Mo. Robert Barkley Porter Novelty, Mo. Gertie Powell Perry, Mo. Vera Ramsay New Cambria, Mo. Hazel Dean Ray Shelby ville. Mo. Harold Reger Kirksville, Mo. W. Ivan Renoe New Cambria, Mo. Edith E. Robertson . Armstrong, Mo. Jeff Robertson . Miama, Mo. Harriett Rose Brookfield, Mo. James Roy Clarence, Mo. Herman Sears Milan, Mo. Roberta Sires. . Armstrong, Mo. c r i ■ + 4- M' c. tltJltrC.kA, M I '-' O C A M ili k, A c es f? 4 -v 4 . f ' SSFH Ci r a rv A ( ) A A tinA A P A A -- , ; . . w Aik O A A « .ji«c Aiir [35] tl Mk. A r. .: Slim pi r o 4 I s , A ' V i:« L' 1 4 A4.,M4:A m ft O k , a n C: kfcft II  -  p ) o 1? o o. iAmAtJk o o A o ' 5 Mr -rv j I X ALLA Marjorie Vollf.rs . Neva D. Smoot J. Frances Turner Naomi Thudium Goldie Torrey Iva May Skinner Walter Yarbrough Dan Wood Katherine Troester Martha Jane Smith Howard Stofel . Roland Wilson Kenneth Sykes. Or ace Wilson . Kenneth Studley Emmett Spindler . Lela Heaberlin. Elizabeth Phillips. . Helen O'Briant Helen Cramb G. W. Smith Walter Kasiske Perry Stacey . Kemble Stout Billie Sims. . . Harley Hunsakkr Milton English . Bryce Bondurant Edmund Cook . Terrell Evans Ernestine Holman Orris Cox. . Fort Madison, la. Bethel, Mo. Shelbyville, Mo. Brookfield, Mo. Powersville, Mo. Winfield. Mo. Maywood, Mo Moulton, la. Kirksville, Mo. La Plata, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. . La Belle. Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Lancaster, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Arbela, Mo. Kirksville. Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Winona Lake. Ind. Kirksville, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Unionville, Mo New Cambria, Mo. Clifton Hill, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Novelty, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. t 36 3 {37} a rf .9 «E a A t iA o rs1A .  „  I A A A i;V‘ a1i±. m a ✓ • • , A a o r (▲ n A A fy A o (A A O A MarpleAgee. . Elmer. Mo. Ralph Alexander Brookfield, Mo. Joe Bailey . Shelbina, Mo. Audrey Barb. . Kirksville, Mo. Lest a Barker . Kirksville, Mo. Blanche Beecher Kirksville. Mo. Ernestine Bohrer Kirksville, Mo. Oral Lee Botts Hurdland, Mo. Blanche Bragg . . . La Plata, Mo. Donald Brockman Atlanta, Mo. Mildred Brockway. Black Water, Mo. Thelma Buckner Linr.eus, Mo. Ralph Cavanah Marceline, Mo. Jack Chapman Kansas City. Mo. Bernice Cleeton . . .Seymour, Iowa Mary Frances Cook Brookfield, Mo. Susanna Cook Greencastle, Mo. Hazel Cooper. . .Purdin, Mo. Lee Crist Winigan, Mo. Nelda Lee Curry Downing, Mo. Evelyn Curtis Revere, Mo. Mary Davis Thelma Dodson. Kirksville, Mo. Marjorie Ewing . Memphis. Mo. Clifford Fagan . Edina, Mo. Gerald Fetters. Kirksville, Mo. Jimmy Forsythe. Lancaster, Mo. Wm. Joe Freeman Glenwood. Mo. Marjorie Gregory . Queen City, Mo. Louise Hall Lancaster, Mo. Paul Harper Marceline. Mo. Eva May Hf.aberlin. Kirksville, Mo. Ester Heinz. . . . Kahoka, Mo. Cleeta Henry Hurdland, Mo. Emma Alice Herrick . Kirksville, Mo. Georgia Hickmann. Unionville, Mo. Jimmie Holmes Glenwood, Mo. Clarence Hudson Carrollton, Mo. Claude Jacobs. Kirksville, Mo. Myra Jameson Troy, Mo. [38] Kenneth Jones Greer.castle. Mo. Elinor Foster . Queen City, Mo. Helen Keller . Kirksville, Mo. Charles Pi f.iter Hunnewell, Mo. Harold Kimberly. Strasbury, Colo. Dean Knight Milan, Mo. Arthur Landrum . Jefferson City, Mo. Douglas Lay Kirksville, Mo. Ursa Leota Lemen . Lemons, Mo. Anne Louise Lyle .... Ethel, Mo. Mary Louise Link Kirksville, Mo. Crystal Loughead Atlanta, Mo. Jack Lukens Clarence, Mo. Virginia Matthews Lemons, Mo. Elizabeth McGullem Kirksville, Mo. Irene McGoldrick Coatsville, Mo. Vivian Meilieke. . . Kirksville, Mo. Carrol Milligan Milan, Mo. Mabel Mollick . Greentop, Mo. Earl Morgan. . . . Ethel, Mo. Irene Neale. . . . . Thompson, Mo. Dorothy Norriss. . Linneus, Mo. Mildred Norriss. . Perry, Mo. Wm. Phillips Maywood, Mo. M.AURINE POAGUF. . .. .Shelbina, Mo. George Powell Hunnewell, Mo. Beth Purdy . . . Harris, Mo. Mary Ratliff . Kirksville, Mo. Frances Raypholtz. . La Belle, Mo. Amber Reger . . . . Reger, Mo. Katherine Lucille Reger Reger, Mo. Margaret Robinson Kirksville, Mo. Anne Russell Kirksville. Mo. Edwin Sees Kirksville, Mo. Rose Shackleford . .Brunswick, Mo. Dorothy Siegmund Kirksville, Mo. RevaSingley Kirksville, Mo. Everette Skinner Eagleville, Mo. Lela Smedley Ethel, Mo. Mary Katherine Spangler Brashear, Mo. C 39 } c% a a I V ,  n r - ’' .«wl - -? r - . 4 r • ?!S C5 fH% fT f. ± C±  • ,X £ , Jk-1 5 (v O •?t s U ri Darlene Tharp Carl Troester . Charles Thompson Leland Wood Ruth Zurcher Charlianna Wilson Bernadine Stewart Genevieve Whaley Eddie Williams Avis Wheatcraft Cleo White Helen White. Helen Welch Charles Wood Zelma Vermillion Harlan Wood Eva Wilhite. Kyle Terry Howard Cohn . Helen Kelley . Carter Dunlap Harold Bousman . Neil Wynn Frances Glasgow Hilleard Davis. . Kenneth Jacobs Elsie Jones Lee McGee. Polly Louderback Geraldine Bondurant. Harriett Edrington . Brookfield, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Green City. Mo. Marceline, Mo. . La Plata, Mo. Bellflower, Mo. Humphreys, Mo. Browning, Mo. La Plata, Mo. Kirksville. Mo. Kirksville, Mo. De Soto, Mo. Paris. Mo. Lemons, Mo. Emden, Mo. Browning, Mo. Kirksville. Mo. Kenosha, Wise. Kirksville. Mo. Licking, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. Unionville. Mo. Kirksville, Mo. West Plains, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. New Cambria, Mo. .Harris, Mo. Kirksville, Mo. . Kirksville, Mo. Zanesville, Ohio C 40 } {42} J r)T3; LL C 43 I { « ] N3W i:ixi-n €£6I pAY V _0 Football THE Bulldog Football Team the past season of 1933 probably achieved the finest record of any team in the history of the Teachers College, considering the strength of the schedule the team faced. They have won 18 straight games and are the only college in the United States to go through the 1932'1933 season undefeated and untied. Remembering that the football records of K. S. T. O. also include six championship teams during the eight years Coach Don Faurot has been here and that each team points to its games with Kirksville as probably the most important on its schedule, then the ac' complishmentsof this team will be appreciated. A group of sixty men including twenty letter men from last year's squad reported at the first w-eek of practice and they all settled down to hard work on the fundamentals of the game and achieved the following record: 1933 FOOTBALL RECORD Kirksville. . .19 Chillicothe Business College. 0 Kirksville 26 Missouri University.......................6 Kirksville..............20 Cape Girardeau 6 Kirksville. . 32 Springfield.............................. 0 Kirksville..............33 Warrensburg.............................. 7 Kirksville..............39 Penn College............................. 7 Kirksville..............18 Maryville.................................0 Kirksville..............18 Rolla.................................... 0 Kirksville. 7 Pittsburg................................ 0 Total Points. . 212 Opponents.........................26 [45] 1st CONFERENCE STANDING Won Lost Per. Kirksville 4 0 KXX) Warrensburg ... 3 1 750 Springfield 0 4 000 Cape Girardeau. . . 2 2 500 Maryville. 1 3 250 LETTER MEN Ends Year Home Town Guards Year Home Town Capt. Henry Hudson 4 Kirksville Guy Curtright. 4 Holliday Robert Doyle. 3 Shelbina Walter Roth 2 E. St. Louis, 111. Harold Dufur. 2 Kirksville Leo Shimkus. 2 Collinsville, 111. Geo. W. Smith 2 Kirksville Geo. Wilson. . 3 Milan Delbert Maddox 2 Hannibal Payne Muir 2 Jefferson City Andy Harris. 2 Harris Centers Backs Bill Scholle 3 St. Charles Drexel Moody. 3 Palmyra Joe Flesch 2 Lamar Bill Montz . 2 Brookfield Lynn McHarg. . 1 Columbia Frank Hanna. . 2 Webb City Martin Rohde. . 3 West Plains Tackles Arnold Embree 3 Marceline Jack Robinson. 3 Springer, N. Mex. Ralph Alexander. . . 1 Brookfield Frank Kurelaitis. 3 E. St. Louis, 111. Chester Attebery 2 Kirksville Carl Noble 2 Kirksville Bowman Barr. . 1 Willow Springs Bill Egan 1 E. St. Louis, 111. Boyd King 2 Hannibal The following men were awarded provisional letters: F. Holten, E. St. Louis, 111.; K. Jacobs, Kirksville; J. Carlow, Excelsior Springs; N. Wynn, Unionville; R. Cavanah, Marceline;C. Troester, Kirksville; C. Marriott. Moberly. Captain Hudson made one of the finest leaders a Kirksville football squad has ever had but a knee injury kept him out of over half the season and his place as Captain was taken over by Q. B. Arnold Embree, Co-Captain for 1934, who received the All State and All Conference selection of that position. His broken field running was a menace to opponents' gad lines, and he tied with Martin Rohde for the team's leading scorer with 49 points. Drexel Moody, fullback, scored 48 points and was picked with Rohde on the All Conference M. I. A. A. Team. Guy Curtright, Guard, and Robert Doyle, End, were the other two members of the team to make both the All State and All Conference teams. Curtright was by far the out' standing linesman in Missouri in 1933. Jack Robinson, 200 lb. Tackle, was picked on the All Conference Team and on the second team for All State honors, and is co-captain for 1934 with Embree. The men making the second All Conference Team were Ctrl Noble. Tackle, and Walter Roth, Guard. One paper picked Captain Hudson as an end and Lynn McHarg, Will Scholle and Frank Hanna were given second team places. The outstanding accomplishments of the season was the decisive 26 to 6 defeat of the M. U. Tigers at Columbia and defeat ot Rolla and Pittsburg. Of the group of thirty-five lettermen and provisional letters, only Capt. Hudson, Curtright and Marriott are lost by graduation, and if all the boys eligible come back the string of victories should stretch well beyond 18. [ 46 } [47] First Row: Jimmy Holmes, Boyd King, Francis Cullem, Guy Curtright, Orville Towers (Captain), Myers Eggert. Carl Noble. Marion Huff, Delbert Maddox. Second Row: Coach Faurot. Lynn McHarg. Frank Hanna, Harold Protiva, Carl Troester, Ralph Alex- ander, Clyde Scott, Chauncey Simpson, Assistant Coach. Basketball “THE BASKETBALL TEAM had only an ■ average season, winning 9 and losing 10 games, but the double victory over the Osteo- paths for the city championship made the season very successful. Guy Curtright and Capt. Orville Towers did themselvers proud by ranking 1st and 2nd respectively in the M. 1. A. A. Confer- ence scoring. Curtright placed on the All Mis- souri and All Conference teams and Towers on the second All Conference selection. The other regulars were Capt.-elect HutT and Carl Noble, Guards, and Delbert Maddox, Center. The other letter men were Myers Eggert, Guard, Frances Cullem and James Hombs, Forwards. Boyd King, Guard, also did some splendid work. Curtright and Cullem are the only ones lost by graduation. CONFERENCE STANDING M. 1 1. A. A. Won Lost Pet Springfield. 7 1 875 Maryville 4 4 500 Gipe Girardeau 4 4 500 Kirksville 3 5 375 Warrensburg 2 6 250 SEASON'S RECORD Kirksville 27 Westminster. 30 Kirksville 22 Culver Stockton 27 Kirksville 18 Maryville. 21 Kirksville 26 Westminster. 21 Kirksville 31 Central 29 Kirksville 30 Central 21 Kirksville 22 Springfield. . . 24 Kirksville 38 Culver Stockton 35 Kirksville 16 Springfield. . . 20 Kirksville 39 Warrensburg 31 Kirksville 23 Cape Girardeau 30 Kirksville. 35 St. Louis U.. . 39 Kirksville 28 Jerome 30 Kirksville .17 Maryville . 26 Kirksville .38 White Eagle O. 39 Kirksville 30 Warrensburg 23 Kirksville 44 Cape Girardeau 21 Kirksville 23 Osteopaths. 19 Kirksville 42 Osteopaths 26 Letter Men Captain Towers, Guy Curtright. Girl Noble, Myers Eggert, Francis Cullem, Marion Hulf. Delbert Maddox, Jimmy Hombs. [48] [49] (• ) Track THE TRACK TEAM somewhat weakened by graduation and injury won two of the dual meets and placed fourth in the State Meet. The outstanding men were Capt. Martin Rhode holder of the 1CK) and 220 yard dashes in 9.6 seconds and 21 seconds re' spectively. Gene Greening and Robert Coates, hurdlers; Earl Hawkins, quarter miler, Gerald Fetters, half miler and Ed Cook, 2 miler. In the field events Jack Robinson and Frank Kurelaitis stood out in Shot and Discus. Byron Allen and Dale Mustion in the high jump; Wm. Scholle and L. Blackman in the Broad Jump and James Locket in the Pole Vault, with Drexel Moody and Rob Doyle being best in the Javelin. LETTER MEN, 1934 Earl Hawkins, G. Fetters, Ed. Cook. B. Allen, D. Mustion, L. Blackman, R. Coates. CL Greening, S. Jesaitis, M. Rohde, W. Scholle. F. Kurelaitis, D. Moody, J. Robinson, R. Doyle SEASON S RECORD Kirksville 60 1'5 Drake 70 2-5 Kirksville ... 91 C. B. C. 31 Kirksville. . 92 Westminster .34 Kirksville 66 Maryville .70 [50 3 C 51 } Baseball THE BULLDOG BASEBALL TEAM this year turned in the best season's record of any team in recent history, winning twelve games out of fourteen. Guy Curtright and Jay Faurot led the team's hitting and together with Ben Mock made up a hard hitt ing outfield. The infield composed of Orville Towers at 1st, Payne Muir at 2nd, Arnold Embree at shortstop, and Ralph Alexander at 3rd carried the blunt of the infield work, although Delbert Maddox and Carl Noble played the role of utility infielders often. Boyd King turned in a good hitting average and played at 3rd and right field. Coach Faurot had the best pitching staff in history with four pitchers, any of which could go the route of nine innings. They were: Ed Whiston, Clarence Hudson, Charles Marriott and Fay Angel and were ably received at the plate by Lynn McHarg regular catcher. Only Curtright and Marriott are lost by graduation. LETTER MEN, 1934 Charles Marriott, Fay Angel, Clarence Hudson, Ed Whiston, Bernice Mock, Ralph Cavanah, Jay Faurot, L. McHarg. O. Towers, P. Muir, A. Ambree, C. Noble, R. Alexander, G. Curtright, B. King, D. Maddox. {52} iwm c l BOXING TEAM Earl Hawkins, John Lawrence, Frank Hanna, Jack Chapman, A1 Ratliff, Win. Mur dock. Jack Robinson, Carol Milligan, Frank Vail, Harold Reger, Arthur Landrum. TENNIS TEAM Marvin Gutekunst, Rupert Rinehart, Lynn Byers. Milton English. Claude Hills. TENNIS LETTER MEN, 1934 C. Troester, B. Bolin, M. English, M. Gutekunst, provisional letter. [ 54 } [ 55 ] BASKETBALL WINNERS, WINTER '33' 34 Marjorie Gregory, Amber Reger, Thelma Dodson, Dorothy Seigmund, Katherine Spangler. Helen White. Frances Fuller, Janice Harding. VOLLEYBALL WINNERS, FALL '33 Marjorie Gregory, Thelma Dodson, Polly Louderback. Katherine Spangler, Dorothy Seigmund, Mary Louise Link. Margaret Robinson. _______ [ 561 , . r jra3 [ 58} First Row: David Bowen, Delmar Merrill, Sgt.at Arms; Guy Curtright; Maurice Stookey, Treasurer; Perry Stacy; Bryce Bondurant, Corresponding Secretary; Chester Attep bury, President; Janies Roy. Second Row: Duane Axtell, Harley Hunsaker. Arthur Johnson, Glen Whitney, Herman Herboth, Glen Tharp, Leslie Norton, Secretary. Phi Sigma Epsilon PHI SIGMA EPSILON, a National Teachers College Social Fraternity, was organized at Kansas City, Mis- souri. December, 1927. This chapter was first organized in the summer of 1925 as a local fraternity under the name of Sigma Delta Tau, and in 1927 it became affiliated with Phi Sigma Epsilon as Gamma Chapter which is one of the now ten active chapters. c? fat £$hi a o. rs d e o rh O. O C3 © a. fljf O fair « it i jt. «J First Row: John Dutton, Clarence Lowe, Earl Boucher. Milton English, Arthur Shepard, Marvin Gutekunst, Kemble Stout. Second Row: Delbert Maddox, Payne Muir, Miles Eaton, Raymond Elliott, G. W. Smith, William Moore. Third Row: Leland Blackman, Paul Weaver, George W. Johnson, Carl Troester, David Evans, Wesley Gingerich, William Murdock. Sigma Tau Gamma SIGMA TAU GAMMA, the oldest and largest social teachers college fraternity in existence, was founded at the Central Missouri State Teachers (College at Warrens burg, Missouri, June 2S, 1920. Beta Chapter was established at the Northeast Missouri State Teachers College at Kirksville, Missouri, in July, 1921. Beta Chapter was the second to be established of the now seventeen active chapters in existence, all in four year teachers colleges. Beta Chapter existed until 1921 as Phi Lambda Epsilon Fraternity. David Evans, President Arthur Shepard, Vice-Presidem Leland Blackman, Secretary Miles W. Eaton. Sergeant-at-Arms Payne Muir, Corresponding Secy. l)r. C. W. Martin Barrett Stout Dr. Ralph Bedell G. H. Jamison Dr. A. F. Miller Harry Beckner Dr. Eugene Fair Byron Cosby { «1 11 e ft fa, o o' iLlii ’ - r-.‘ tlh i 2 A crm a r ran Blue Key First Row: David Evans, Vice-President; Harry Donnohue, Henry Enochs. John Harrington, President; Miles Eaton, Gene Greening, Dearing Wolf. Second Row: Richard Dodson, Glenn Whitney, Treasurer; William Moore, Secretary; Richard McMurry. Third Row: Vay Courtney, Milton English, Earl Boucher, Wayne Frederick, Robert Doyle, Herman Herboth, David Stephenson. [62 } f€9] First Row: Geraldine Bondurant, Gretchen Huffman, Marjory Ewing, Harriett Rose, Betty Huckstep, Anne Russell, Elizabeth Farrington. Second Row: Dorothy Hutchinson, Madeline Holman, Juanita Jacobs, Ruth Bousman, Dorothea Grim, Martha Dickerson, Avis Wheatcraft. Alpha Sigma Alpha OFFICERS Dorothea Grim Betty Fraser................ Dorothy Hutchinson. Gretchen Huffman . . Harriett Rose Betty Fraser........ Madeline Holman . . . Ethel Hook................... . . President Vice-President . Secretary Treasurer Registrar Chaplain . . Editor Sponsor ALPHA SIGMA ALPHA was founded November 15. 1901, at the Virginia State Normal School, and is now a National Teachers College Sorority with twenty-five ac- tive chapters. Alpha Beta Chapter was installed in 1914 at Kirksville, having been formerly organized as Kappa Theta Psi. { 4} First Row: Velma Yowell. Lorena Dalton, Muriel Milktp. Margaret Case, Mildred McClure, Eunice Easley, Edith Streeter. Second Row: Dorothy Berry, Hortense Williamson, Bonita Kimbrough, Mildred Brown, Frances Story, Alma Staats. Delta Sigma Epsilon Mildred McClure Margaret Case. . Bonnie O'Donnell Edith Streeter . Lorena Dalton . Jessie Grim....... Alma Staats. Lucy Simmons. OFFICERS Preside  Vice-President Corresponding Secretary Recording Secretary Treasurer .........................Sergeant Keeper of Grades and Pianist ..........................Sponsor ALPHA CHAPTER of Delta Sigma Epsilon was founded at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, September 23, 1914. There are now thirty active chapters. It is a National Educational Sorority belonging to the Association of Edu- cational Sororities. Iota Chapter of Delta Sigma Epsilon was installed in Kirksville on January 28, 1921. (S) [65] First Row: Grace Finch, Margaret Carter. Doris Pierce, Helen Curry. Francille Bailey, Mildred Gelbach, Ardyth McReynolds. Second Row: Vera Freeland, Juanita Huffman, Elizabeth McCollum, Helen Runge, Anne Moore. Muriel Bachman. Pi Kappa Sigma OFFICERS Doris Pierce..................................President Marc-aret Carter ........................Vice-President Helen Curry Recording Secretary Grace Finch . Corresponding Secretory Anne Moore....................................Treasurer Mildred Gelbach Press Agent and Sergeant-at-Arms Francille Bailey ............................... Editor Bracy Cornett...................................Sponsor PI KAPPA SIGMA was founded at Michigan State Teachers College, Ypsilanti, Michigan, on November 17, 1894. It is a national educational sorority belonging to the association of Educational Sororities. There are now thirty active chapters. Pi Chapter was installed in the Northeast Missouri State Teachers College July 26, 1924. [66] First Row: Laura Garth, Katherine Troester, Ethel Bernice Bowles, Leona Bolton, Jane Findley. Mary Frances Laughlin, Virginia Phillips. Second Row : Isabelle Robinson, Gretchen Hall, Mary Ellen Stout. Mary Frances Hamilton, Eliza' beth Phillips. Third Row: Frances Eubank, Mary Akers Moore. Margaret Laughlin, Katherine Moorman, Mar- garet O'Briant, Dorothy Facto, Catherine Schumaker. Sigma Sigma Sigma OFFICERS Frances Eubank............................. President Mary Ellen Stout. Vice-President Katherine Troester Recording Secretary Katherine Schumacher Corresponding Secretary Oral Jeffries Evans..........................Treasurer Jane Findley..........................Keeper of Grades Dorothy Facto..................Triangle Correspondent Mary Frances Hamilton . Sentinel Viol a M agee................................. Sponsor SIGMA SIGMA SIGMA was founded at Virginia State Normal School, Farmville, Virginia, April 20, 1898. It is now exclusively an educational sorority having thirty- two active chapters. Mu chapter was installed November 20, 1915, at Kirks- ville. The group previously existed on the campus as Sigma Delta Chi. [67 3 First Row: Edith Streeter, Dorothea Grim Morey, Anne Moore, Mildred McClure, Lorena Dalton. Second Row: Gretchen Hall, Margaret Carter, Doris Pierce, Frances Eubank, Leona Bolton. Panhellenic Council OFFICERS Doris Pierce......... Mildred McClure. . . Dorothea Grim Morey Frances Eubank Mrs. Margaret Ellison ..............President T reasurer Recording Secretary Corresponding Secretary Sponsor t 68 } f. { ] PI OMEGA PI First Row: Richard McMurry, Margaret O'Briant, Anna Belle Pitney. Second Row: Clyde Bell. Cleo Cassady, Vay Courtney, Lorena Dalton, Henry Enochs, Gretchen Hall. KAPPA DELTA PI First Row: Madeline Holman, Wesley Gingerich, Margaret Laughlin, Margaret Case, Henry Enochs, Frances Laughlin, Velma Yowell, Mildred McClure. Second Row: Grace Tolies, Howard Roberts, Madeline Bertram, Henrietta Rudasill, Dorothy Hutchin son. Merle Muhrer, Lorena Dalton. Third Row: Mary Ellen Stout, Margaret O'Briant, Twyla Freeman, Catherine Bramblet, ■ Clay Brockman, Dorothea Grim Morey, --- Frances Eubank. [70] PI KAPPA DELTA First Row: Howard Stofel, Maurinc Poague, Crystal Loughhead, Robert McKinney, Harry Plenge, John Rinehart. Second Row: Leland Wood, Twyla Freeman, Vay Courtney, Henry Cohen, Clay Brockman, Max Fife. SIGMA ZETA First Row: Wayne Lehr, John Rinehart, Henrietta Rudasill, Eugene Smith, Glenn Whitney, Velma Yowell. Second Row: Bryce Bondurant, Richard Dodson, Milton English, Max Fife, Herman Herboth, Burnell Lamb. £ 7i 3 LITTLE SYMPHONY John L. Biggerstaff, Director MU SIGMA First Row: Catherine Bramblet, Lee Jones, Kemble Stout, Dale Findley, William Mudd, Jay Hatton, Gretchen Huffman. Second Row: Juanita Jacobs, Mildred Kondy, William Moore. William Magruder, Ruth Bousman, Mary Akers Moore. [72] THU BAND Carl Webb, Director A CAPPELLA CHOIR Barrett Stout, Director [73 1 K CLUB First Row: Chester Atterbury, Payne Muir. George W. Johnson, LeoShimkus. Drexel Moody, Martin Rhode. Arnold Embree. Raymond Elliott. Harold Dufur. Second Row: Ferrell Evans, Edmund Cook, Frank Hanna, Ralph Alexander, Carl Noble, Boyd King, Earl Hawkins, William Scholle. Third Row: George W. Smith, William Montz, Frank Kurelaitis, Byron Allen, Delbert Mattox, William Egan, Anderson Harris, Gene Greening. W. A. A. Firsi Row Fern Harrington, Susie McMillan, Mary Davis, Hazeldean Ray, Anne Russell. Catherine Spangler, Anne Williams, Vera Ramsay, Edith Streeter. Second Row Vera Putman, Irene McGoldrick, Mildred McClure, Minnie Karr. Josephine Hewitt, Helen White, Naomi Thudium, Margaret McCullough. Third Row : Geraldine Bondurant, Dorothy Berry, Audrey Barb, Helen Cramb, Mildred Brock way. Marguerite Baker, Marjory Gregory, Thelma Dodson, Beatrice Pickinpaugh. {74 } BULLDOGETTES First Row: Mildred Hunziker, Erma Hopper, Louise Horde, Norine Hemmings, Hazeldean Ray, Margaret Cox, Marguerite Baker, Mary Saxon. Second Row : Henrietta Rudasill, Thelma Dossey, Vera Putman, Mary Motter, Evelyn Leake, Minnie Karr, Maxine Jaynes. Third Row: Ruby Lindburg, Cleeta Henry, Virginia Doyle, Naomi Thudium, Darline Tharp, Catherine Spangler, Viola Smith, Lela Smedley, Reva Singley. HOWLERS First Row: Ruth Bousman, Eustice Garrett, Elizabeth Farrington, Frances Glasgow, Christine Burk- land, Mary Frances Laughlin, Mary Louise Link, Geraldine Bondurant, Ernestine Bohrer. Second Row: Edna Newcum, Susanna McDonald, Thelma Dodson, Helen Kelly, Juanita Jacobs, Luella Hardy Atterbury, Mary Frances Hamilton, Mariam Green Hughes. Third Row: Avis Wheatcraft, Marjory Vollers, Katherine Troester, Mary Ellen Stout, Martha Jane Smith, Anne Russell, Harriett Rose, Margaret Robinson, Helen O'Briant. [75] ALPHA PHI SIGMA CAMPFIRE First Row: Evelyn Leake. Ruth Eggert, Kathleen Black, Beatrice Pickenpaugh, Thelma Osborne, Ruth Perry, Beulah Patton, Marguerite Baker. Second Row: Sophia Flatten, Henrietta Rudasill, Gladys Spencer, Margaret Gotschall, Vera Put man, Beatrice Teter, Ernestine Holman. [76] ALPHA PHI OMEGA First Row: Clay Brockman, Walter Licbhart, David Evans, Delmar Merrill. Second Row : Lee Jones, Gene Greening, Richard McMurry, Floyd Dunham, Harry Donnohue. PREENGINEERS First Row: Walter Yarbrough, Edwin Sees, Howard Roberts, Eugene Smith. J. Francis Turner. Second Row: Jack Chapman, Richard Dodsun, Harry Donnohue, Floyd Dunham, Howard Hampton, Richard McMurry. [77} THE YOUNGEST by Phillip Berry presented by THE COLLEGE PLAYERS Tm Winter Quarter (1034) [78] DEBATE SQUAD Cliff Cornwkll, Sponsor COLLEGE PLAYERS Ruth Curtis, Sponsor [ 79 } THE NORTHEAST MISSOURIAN Guy Curtright, Delbert Maddox, Arthur Shepard, Jack Robinson, Clyde Bell, Glenn Tharp, Marvin Powell, C. J. Stevens, Clay Brockman. Lynn McHarg, Robert Mul- ford, Agr.es Slemons. Sponsor; Audrey Barb, Sophia Hatten, Maxine Jaynes, Boyd King, LaVerne Roberts. Frank Hanna, Herman Sears, Ruth Eggert. Susie McMillan, Alma Staats, Iris Hustcd, Jay Hatton, Leona Bolton. Ethel Bowles, Beulah Patton, John Lawrence. William Scholle. FOUR H JUDGING TEAM Marion Huff. Roland Wilson. Jeff Robinson, Ercell Lynn. Mary Davis, Marguerite Baker, Fern Harrington, Marie Turner Harvey, Sponsor; Vera Freeland, Mar- ———————— garet McCullough, Nadine Bragg. Ed- wina Jones. {80] FGUR'H CLUB Mrs. Ellison, Sponser RURAL LEADERSHIP CLUB Mrs. Harvey, Sponsor (0) [81 3 i f v n c$ d T ili n r. S+ M r k n O £ O f-i A i M iUt h ime'J Li T 0 Lft'jull CARDINAL KEY First Row: Maxine Jaynes, Mildred McClure. Anna Belle Pitney, Josephine Hewitt. Mary Ellen Stout. Fern Harrington. Martha Shirley. Second Row: Elizabeth Farrington, Frances Laughlin, Leona Bolton, Catherine Bramblet, Margaret Case. Twyla Freeman, Frances Eubank. HISTORICAL SOCIETY First Row: Thomas Sutton, Miles Eaton. George W. Johnson, Beatrice Teters, Henry Cohn, Elizabeth Farrington. Hettie Johnson, Curtis Bramblet. Second Row: Dorothy Hutchinson, Henry Enochs, Twyla Freeman. Anna Belle Pitney, Wayne Frederick, Frances Eubank, Payne Muir. Third Row: Albert Kondy, Leslie Norton, Madeline ■■■■■ Holman, Earl Boucher, Clay Brockman, Helen Runge, William Magruder. ——■ [82] THE HONORARY ART CLUB Miss Edith Dabney Miss Bracy Cornett Sponsors THE ANNUAL STAFF Marvin Shelton, William Scholle Henrietta Rudasili., Wayne Frederk k (S3 I { 84 } SNAPS [ 85 ] 86 [87] Autographs [88} Autographs • • —-___