Trine University - Modulus Yearbook (Angola, IN)

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THE INTEGRAL PAGE 15 GASOLINE By I-'orrt-st Linquist, F. IC. .. The ever-incrcasine popularity of motor ve- hicles, during recent years, has made the pro- duction of gasoline gi very important subject. There are many methods of manufacture in use. but to date. the most satisfactory are the com- pression, absorption, refriaeration, and ch.ir coal processes. The method. which I shall discuss is known as th - absorption process. This is by far the cheapest plant to build. has a small overhead cost. gives good productive re- sults. and can be altered to suit certain localities. Absorption, by definition. is the process of taking up or takin: in. This is exactly what happens in this style plant. Natural gas, which is produced by the decay of organic mat- ter. and which is confined in large cavities several thousand feet beneath the earth's sur- face. contains many molecules of oline, During' its upward course to the surface. as it strikes different stratum. where oil streams are confined. more gasoline is added to ir.. 710032 Finally at the surface and treated cor- rtctly all the gasoline is separated from it, by absorbinfz qualities of certain oils. To properly explain this process. we must divide it into three general heads, the gas. tht- absorbine oil. and finally the gasoline itself The gas cavities are tapped by drilling a llul'i from the surface. and the flow is controlled oy suitable apparatus. From the fields, under enormous rock pressure. it is conveyed by pipe lines to the plant, where a regulator reduces the 1l1'QSSure to 200 lbs. before admittance to the absorbers. Those are lone steel cylinders, partly filled with some oil of good absorbing -.yu at the bottozn ot absorbers and then bubbles up thru the oil. losing gasoline content. is thru :ss 5' 4 s 4. - 4-Q - L allowed to escape from the top of the absorbers, and passes on to be used for other purposes. We shall now consider the oil. A gi'a4i': known C0l1ll1lQl'CilliiY as mineral scale is used with fine results. It is a light yellowish color- ed liquid of about IIT des1'el'S 139- 2l'21VilI-'- The supply in the absorbers is kept replenished by pumps connected with storaue tanks, XVlien the oil rises to a certain level. it is automatif cally discharged thru a trap to large tanks. From here it is picked up by low pressure pump.: which force it into steel. cylindrical sllalwd stills, where it is subjected to the action of live steam. As the oil is heated gasoline vapors leave it, goinu thru a dome in the top of the stills to the condenser box, The rc- mainina oil is sent back to the absorbers for it fresh charge. and so completes the circuit. The gasoline itself now compels our atten- tion, It is drawn thru coils in the condenser T . . -L 177, box by means of a vacuum produced bt' a dn- plex compressor. Cold water is circulated qualities. The gas enters thru perforated pipes Continued on page 51

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PAGE 14 THE INTEGRAL AGE OF WATER POWER DEVELOPMENT NEAR By Nl. ll. Mirullrlal, M. E. '22 'Vhttst' who look into tht- I'utu1't1 with pro phtttitt t-yt-s pretlit-t that an nut- of waiter power is tlztwninu, Tht-y point wisely towards the :rent water power dvvt-lopinvnts already com- plt-tt-tl or in tttturst- of t-onsti'ut'tion all over th:- worltl, tiroin tht- rivt-rs of Alanine to tht- t-anyons ot' t'zzliforitizt. from Alaska to Argentine and frttxn liztshmir Valley in India to the outlet if Yitttoritt Xyxtnzzt in Afrltta, And they hack up thtir ntxunittnrs with the statement that coal will ln- t-xhztustttl early in the next eentury and tht- mineral oil and ll2lllll'ill mis will vanish with tht- t-onl. .Xmitl :ill this prounostit-ntins and nrguin: :tristts :t host of tluestions about this water pttwttr v.hit'h is to lit-ep us from fret-zine in tuc- nttxt t-entnry, to turn the wheels of our indus- tries, to prttpztrt- the food and to run our V-tllivles. I-Tvtry strt-aim ttf runnina wntt-r. from tht: 'I'ti1',i ltrook sportinf: throu'1h the farm IIIPLHIOXVS 'tv tht' l:t :t-st rivt-rs, is txipnhle of Dl'OClL1l'lIl2I 't'l ' HY' NSS llU'i'-'lll't A hundred years ago. wht-n steam power was still in its infant-y, watt-r I'lHYf'l' was quite t-xtensivttly developed in this tttnntry. but tht' stt-:tm t-n-:int-. with rlieztp wootl rtntl vttzil futtl. flllltdiij' rt-at'l1t-tl the prat-tirztl stztutt :intl tht- oltl ow-r shot :intl under shot wrttttr wheels wtfrt- nhnntlont-tl. l'p to a 'ew xt-.tvs :Vo it was not pl':1t'lit':ll to devt-lop most w:t'tr ptiwt-r ltet-zillsv this power haul to he utilized on tht- spot und vttry nztturztlly tht- vt rv 'lf'-l wzitt-r falls wt-rv lttrnttftl in the wilder- n s , sttttrvt.: ol inllt-s away trom the stfztports. tht- railrozttls :intl tht- eitir-s whirh needed it, llnt tht- fil'Yf'ifllJllIf'lll ot' tht- ttlttrtrit- trnnsforzn tr t-h:tn':fttl ull this :tnd mzitlt- it possiltlt- to t:':tn-ssnit this ttn--ray for huntlrttds ot' milt-s with- out st-rittns loss The power of water is greater than any one without experienre t-un imagine. For malty of us have, when in swimming. struck the water '1 sharp ltlow with the flat of the hand. or. when leurninu' to dive, strut-k the water flat, in- stead ot' head first. only to learn that tl1e liquid otfered t-onsidernlmle resistance. A stream t'rom at firen1an's hose will knock '1 man down The jet from a nozzle in placf-1' mininu in the west eats away 3 large piere of luntl in at day and toys with great boulders as if they were pehhles. Water power represents heat enerfzy. The water is drawn up into the clouds hy the heat of the sun and deposited on the distant moun' ains in the form of ruin. This water spends this :ivqniretl energy in racing down hill, back to the sen. Watt-r wheels are but devices to t-atvh and utilize this energy which ordinarily is wasted on the unmoving rocks and stones. XYnter at-ts as at movine power either hy its wt-iuht. whivh is over sixty-two pounds to the cultic' foot. or by its pressure or impact. The power of ti fall of water is equal to the weight of its volume and the vertical height of its fall. To ttompute the power of fallinf: water it is ntt-essziry to multiply the volume of flowing water in t-nhit' ft-et per minute hy its weieht. 62.5 pounds. und this product by the vertif-al httiuht of the fall in feet, Thus a stream of wntt-r when flowing over a weir five feet in width hy ont- foot in depth and having a fall of twenty feet dev:-lops 237.91 horse power. So iinportztnt is the developmentt of walt-r power in this t-ountry that the G6'lli:'l'2il Eleetrit- t nnpany and other large electrical concerns maintain it lurut- staff of engineers whose duties nrt- to t-xumine prospective water power de- vt-lopmt-nts for enterprising men who plan to harnt-ss the rivers and streams, No lllllllvl' how inuny ll:trtl ht-rrit-Q von t-:irn ft lo tnkt- von to t-ollt-tw 'l'o study :intl lt-1 rs lI'll1 No mztttt-r httu m'lnv t lou vt- cot in tht- lull, Iht' tl'-alt' lltllt- toet-ds Will :tt throuuh it ull.

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1'.X111'I 113 THE INTEGRAL CONDENSED. DEHYDRATED AND DRIED FOODS Hy Nl11l11'111- I-1. 11111'111: 111211 111'1'l1l11 111 111-st1'111-111111 11v1-1' 1111-1-1- 111111 1-1111s1-r1'111i1111 1111-1' 111-1'1-, 111:111y 11f 1111- 111-1 11'111- 1-11s111111s111111 i1111us11'i1-s w1-r1-1-1--es111111is111-11. 1l111- 111 1111- 11111s1 1111111-1'11111t 111 1111- 1111-1-1-1111111 111111 l':11'1111-1' wus 111:1.t 11f 11I'Q'Sl'1AY1l1Ll 1111111 115' 1111- ex- 11':11-111111 111' 1111- 11111is111r1-. l11l'j'111'L 111' I,1'1ly- 111':11i11:,1 'l'I1is 1ll'1ll'l'SS 11f 111'yi11': :111-s il 1111:111s 11f 1111- s1-1'1i11': 1111111 1'11r :11111':1':1- 1111ss1-ssiuu Slblllf' u1'1-:11 711111111111 :1--1 1111-r 1-111111i11'L. 1111- it 1li111i11is111-s 1111111 :11111 w1-i':111. T111- 1111111 1':11111- is 1-11111-1-1111's-11-11 111111 111-- 111'1-s1-1'1':11i1111 is s1-1-111'1-. '1'1l1'1'P is '111- 11'1l4'l' :1111'11111:1'11- 111:11 1ll'1'1i11l1S 111 1111- 1l'll11SllUl'- 111111111 1111' 111 11111- 111111111'1-11 11111111114 11f fresh 1 f-1' 1-1111111-s 111' fruits 1111'1'1' is 111-V1-1' 11-ss 1111111 TH 111-1' 1'l'1l1. 11111is1111'1- 111111 in s111111,- 1'1I'i1'S i1 gives :11 111 11 11-1 UH 11--1' 1-1,-111, '1'l11- 1'2l1'X1l12 111 1111- 111-r 1-1-111. 111 11111is111r1- is 1'1-r111-11sil111- 1111- 1111- f111'1.f'1'4'111 111111114 111' 1111011 1- -- 1-'1':111111'11f11-11 1111111 is 2l'111'I'1111j' 1111111-rs111111l 111 '11- 1111- 1-1--11111 1lff11'1V1l12 11f1 11111K :1 11111'1 111' 1111- 11111is- 11l1'1- l'll1111f'11!41'f1 f111111 is il s1-1111-s111i11 111'0l1l14'1 1-1111111i11i11': 11-ss 1l11l1S1ll1'l' 1111111 1111- 1-111111111111-fl, 111111 1111- 111-11y111':111-11 111' 111'1l'11 1'111111s 1-1111111111 111113' :1'-1-111 111'11 111-1' t'1'l11. 11f 11111is1111'1-, '1'111-r1- '11'1- 11Y1l 1111-1111111s 11s1-11 ftll' 111-11y111-111i11g f111111.1, 'l'111--v :11'1- 1111- 11111111111 1111-1111111 111111 1111- 1111'1'11111l1- 1-:11 1111-1111-11. '1'I11- first 1111'111ll11 111-111-1111s 11111111 1111- H1111 1'111' iv, 11--:11 111111 is v1-rv i111111':11'ti1-:11111- 1111- llS1' 111. -If- 1l-11- 111 1111- 1'l'I1' 111111111111 111' ti111-- 1Il'1'l'9'2l1'N '1'111s 1111-1111111 11s s111111'11 115' 1-1-1-111'11-4 1121111-5 11111-11 111 -11-- 1i111-- 111' 1111- 1-f11'1y 1'1'1j'1P111I11S 111111 11:1-1 111-1-11 '11 111' 11-- 1-11-r s1111-1-1 'I'l1-- 11111i:111s 11s1-11 it i11 11-1 11:11-111-1 11111:-1111 i11 1111- 1-:11'1y 11is111ry 111' 1111-1 111lI11l 'l'l1-' 1--1'-11111 111--1111111 111-111-1111s 11111111 :11'1ifi1-111 11--11.1 111111-s 211111 11315 1lt'l'l1 11-V1-111111-11 111 11 v1-rv 111 '11 11'1'1l'11'l11'y' '1'l1-1'1- 11:11'1- 114'11I I11111111'1-11s 111' 111111-111s 17111 l111'l11 l'11:' 1'2Y:111111':1,1111's 111111 1,l'1lj'f11'1l1111'H 11111 111-- 1111111-1'1'y' 11-11 :111114s 111-1-:111s1- 1111 1111- 11-1-1111-11111111s 111-1 111 1111111111-11Jl111'1-I I11 1111 l'jl'Ql'S, 1111- 111111, 111111- 11:14 111'111-111-11111' 1111- s:11111-. '1'1111s1- 111:11 :111 111 11s-- 111111' :111 1111- Ilryinz f'l11ll111I1'111ll'111?l, 111111111 111' l'1'11:1'1-.s11-1- 1P1'14'1', 111'll111 f'y1i11111-1' 111' 11-111--1' 111'11'1's 111111 1111- V111-1111111 111'i1-12 111'1111-s1- -i- . 111-- 1111111-11 171'1 1' :11111 1111- V111-1111111 'I1'f 11111-1 1-1111-1':111y 11s1-11 '1'111- 1111111-V 111111-1' for f1'1l1lw1111111111- V111-1111111 1111' 1i1111i11s, rlv V11 I-I ' ,. . . ..- T11l' 1111111-r Driei' is 11121116 up of one 111' more 1ll111'111111y 111-2111-11 1-yli11111-rs, T111- 1111111 is 111116-- 1-11 11111111 the 1-y1i1111e1's 111111 1111- 111-111 1-11111111-11. As 1111- 1-y1i11111-rs rotate 1111- 1111111 is kept vou- 1111l11l11y i11 1111111011 and 1111? drying process is 1-111111111-11-11 i11 :1 very short time. The actual 1i1111- 1'1'l1ll11'Pl1 varies from five 111 twenty-f11u1' 111ll1Y'S. T11 1111111111 t11e 116-st result, i1 is neces- -'111'v 111 i1111'1111111-1- 1111111i11i1y along wi111 the 119.111 w:11'1-s, This 111-1,-11s the 1-x1111se11 S1lI'fZlC!-2 soft 111111 111-1'1111-111111- 111111 111111ws the 11101S1lll'Q 10 leave 1111- 11111-ri111' 11111-1 m111'1- easily. The rzinge 11f 11'11l11P1'Zl1l11'I' 1-11111111ye11 i11 evz1111'1rz11i112 fruits 111' Jllly f11111l sluff is 11e1wee11 100 111111 1311 1101111-1-S 1-'.. 11s11z1l11' the 111we1' te11111e1'z1tu1'e is used at 1111: s1:11'1 111111 1l1'k1!111i111Y raise-11 until -the 1112111-1' is 1'112I1'1l1'11, As 11113 161'l11'lQ1'?111.l1'Q never rises 11l1111'1- 212 111-gn,-es F., 111111e of 1111- food value is 111s1. '1'111-1-1- is 111111-11 to he 110111-, 1l0W1+V91'. i11 111-- w11y 111' 111-1-1111111111111 of 1111- f111111s. For 1-xu1111111- 11-1 11s 1'11l111w :111 11151319 I111'O4ll'I11 1111- 11111111. A11 1111- 111111-1' kinds 11f foods will have- 111 111- 1112- 1-111-1-11 i11 1111- same way, T111- 11111111- is 111-1iv1-r1-11 111 :1 st111'117:1- 11111 11-11111 1111- 1l11111v111'111 111111 f1'11111 111-1'1-, 11y 1111-1111s 111' ll 111111 1111111' it is 11-1 full into 1111- Wl1S11f'l'. F1'0m the 11-g111111-1-, it is 1-1111veye11 111 1111- H1'Z111 1' where the -111-'i11-- is 1111111-. I-1 leaves 111e s111'1e1' 111111 is 1-111111-v1-11 111 1111- s111rz1're 1111111 w1111-11 11-1-11s '111- 11--1i1-1---v 111l11- 11-11111112 111 the 11'11111111112'- 1191-1111: 111111 1-111-i11-1 1:11111-. Xxvitll this 11111,-111111111 1-0111- 1111-1111, i1 :111-s 111 1111- 1111-111-111-12 1'Il'1'P it is 11111v1-11 slowly' t111'1111':11 Sll1111lll1' fumes W1l1'1'1' it is 1111-111-111-11. From 1l1'1'6' i1 HOOK 10 Ulf' S1if '1' --'111-1'1- it is 111il111' 1'1-z111y f111' 11111 111'i1-1'. A1 1111- 111'11 1'. 1111- sl11-1-11 z1111111- is s11re1111 11111111 trays 2111-I 1I1-- 111111,'1l11'1' is 1'211'l'11-'11 away hy 1111- 1111tf.1i1' 1'1l1'l'l111H. Wl11-11 111'y. 1111- z1111111- is 1-:1rri1'-11 '11 1I1-- 1'111'i11-:' 1'11il1111H'l' XV111'1'1' it 111s1-s the 11111istu1'1- 1'11:'1111-11 111' 1111- Sll11l1111I' 111111 f1'11111 111'l'9 111 111m 11:11-11i11u 1-111-111 W11t'1'1'11 is 11111 i11 w1111111-11 111' 1111111-1' 1111211-s 111111 111:1111- l'P21f1y 1111- s11i11n11-111. '1'111- w11s11- 1l1'1111ll1'1S 111' the 11121111 z11'1- 1151-11 111 11111111112 vi111-'::11', t'1'11i1 j11i1'1-s, j1-1111-s, Sl'1'7l11'1l 11- 11 1'111' 111-11:1 111111 1-1111-kr-11s. 111111 1'1-rtilizers. '1'111' zr1111'111 111' this 1111111S1I'y in 1111- last f1-1-.' yf-urs 1121K 111-1-11 V1-ry 1'11l11f1. During 11111- y1'Zl1' 111' 1111- NV111' 111-1'i1111, 1111- 11u111111-1' 11f plants 111- 1-1-1-11s1-11 from 246 to 2.5U0.