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Page 45 text:
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24 'T The PORCUPINE QUILL +l -M language. During the Great War Lithuania declared her independence and set up a re- publican government of her own. In the schools her native language was again taught to the children. It was a great j0y to the parents that the language of their forefathers should not die with them. A new school system was set up. The school system in- cludes elementary, high, and military schools and colleges. A pupil spends four years in an elemen- tary school. He is taught arithmetic, grammar, spelling, geography, history, reading, litera- ture, composition and writing. Sometimes he is punished for not doing his Work. Maybe he is strapped or kept after school. Maybe he has to kneel with bare knees on beans! How would you boys and girls like to kneel on beans? Thus he passes his school days from September till June. Now if you were to tour the city of Kaunas, the capital of Lithuania, you would notice a large red brick building four stories high. You would see a large clock set in the wall and you would also notice the French windows with iiower-boxes on the window sills. You would look at the trim flowers in the centre of the lawn and at the large trees almost as high as the building. You 'would see many marble steps leading to the entrance of the building. On each side of the steps would be two large statues of lions. Should you walk up the steps and go through the arched doorway into the building, you would say, Why, this looks like a school! It is the High School. The High School has, besides classrooms, an auditorium, a gymnasium, and a library. There are lockers set in the Wall for each pupil. The Hall floors are made of marble. Marble stairs lead to the next floor. The rooms are very high and have wooden floors. Here a pupil attends for eight years. His iirst live years' work is the same as ours. During the last three years it equals that taken in our colleges. In these three years he studies in different rooms-rooms having long tables for every four or ive pupils. He studies our university subjects, and takes many lan- guages. These are Lithuanian, German, Eng- lish, Latin, French and Russian. He attends each day from nine till four o'clock. Every two hours, he has a fifteen minute recess. For each subject he has one hour and he takes the same subject twice in a week. As in our schools, his school year is divided into terms, and like us he has to write examinations. There are certain school customs, however, diiierent from ours. The teacher comes to the ro-om and all pupils have to stand up till they are told to sit down. The girls wear black, pleated skirts with a black blouse, topped with a white collar. They Wear berets with a star. The boys wear black trousers and peaked caps. The star is the school em- blem. For sports they do exercises in the gymna- sium. In sum.mer the gymnasium classes- even other classes-are taken outside. The pupils play badminton and tennis. The boys do not play hockey or rugby because, some time ago, too many accidents occurred, and these games were forbidden. They swim a great deal, since there is a lake behind the school grounds. Other of their sports are running and jumping. Boys and girls are taught dancing and singing. The school has its own string orchestra. Lithuania is giving her pupils a broad edu- cation that they may 'be worthy of their country. NELLIE PLIOPLAS In Ukraine Let's go to school with Ivan and Boris. Ivan wants to be a doctor, and Boris has chosen the easier vocation of priesthood. They are both sent to the same public school where, in addition to reading, writing, art, geography and history, they are taught the Russian language. After spending three years together at the same school, Ivan and Boris part, for although, Ivan's vocation re- quires only three years of primary education, Boris must remain six years for a better train- ing in the elementary subjects. When Ivan is sent off to high school, Boris remains behind to complete his six grades, and is then sent to a seminary. Here, for four years he is taught religion and live lan- guages: Latin, German, Greek, Russian and Polish. Like all Ukrainian boys, he iinds Latin the most diilicult. Meanwhile, Ivan is toiling away at high school. He attends school six mornings a week, from eight to one o'clock. He has five,
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Page 46 text:
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. 25 l-il The PORCUPINE QUILL .l.1 one-hour periods every day with ten minutes off each for recess. He has to work hard to get his twelve subjects a year, but he admits that he likes going to school, for, throughout the eight-hour course, he is taught music, art and military training. He can always speak proudly of his school choir, and orchestra, and of its well trained student army. Al- though Ivan loves his religion as much as Boris does, he is content with being taught it three times a week. Five years after Ivan has finished his high school course, we see him, a well-known phy- sician, talking of old times to Father Boris . . . Now that we have been with Ivan and Boris-I wonder if you would like to attend ' k ' ? school in U raine HE ANDRUCHUCK In Soviet Russia The children in Soviet Russia begin school younger than we do here in Canada. There are schools for children from three to six years of age. These schools are really creches. Here nurses and doctors take care of the children who play games and play with toys. Since most of the mothers work in Soviet Rlussia, a mother gives her child to the childrens creches. After her work the mother may take her child home for the night, and may bring it back to the creches in the morning. In this way the children and creches are supported by the govern- ment. When a child is six years of age he goes to a primary school. The subjects which he studies are similar to those studied in Canada. However, there are differences in school prac- tice. A child must have no homework and must not be strapped. The student goes to school four days and the fifth day is a holi- day. The pupils elect their own school class committee and the teacher just acts as an advisor. The parents are allowed to visit the class rooms to see how the children are taught. Older children about twelve years of age help directly to build industry. They go to some factory and work about two hours every day and get the same pay for the two hours as an adult worker. The children get free tickets to theatres and concerts. They are taken to museums and on excursions to factories and mines. They get free dinners and suppers in the schools, and the schools are supported by the government, which also erects the buildings. They have large libra- ries and also gymnasia for the pupils. There are no examinations: the students are pro- moted according to their year's work. They receive one month's holiday and are sent at the expense of the government to summer resorts or wherever they wish to go. When he graduates from Public Schools the child goes to a secondary school such as a High, Technical, or Vocational School. He is taught the same subjects as here in Ontario. and also Political Economy, Marxism and Le- nin's Theory. He even receives wages from the government to maintain himself in ad- dition to a month's holiday with wages at any place he chooses. He has no examinations and is promoted on his year's work. If a stu- dent graduates from Secondary School he may go to the University. If not he is given a position by the government. In the universities he pursues the same courses as in Canada. He not only devotes time to study, but also practises the profession he intends to enter. This may be law, teach- ing, Or engineering. He receives wages ac- cording to his needs. An Italian Country School The school is situated near the market-place of a village in Northern Italy, and children are hurrying toward it. The boys are wearing black knee-length stockings, greyish-green breeches, black shirts, and black fets, or hats with long tassels. which hang down the middle of their foreheads. Yellow and red neckerchiefs are knotted about their necks. The girls are wearing black skirts, white blouses, and hats resembling berets which also have long tassels. Soon the ringing of a hand-bell is heard, and the children hurry into the two-roomed school. The girls go into one room, the boys into the other. Desks are placed in twos close together, and with only a small space between them. The teacherfs desk is at the front, and there is only one large movable blackboard in the room. On the walls hang pictures of the saints, the royal family, and a picture of Il Duce. Religion, reading, writing, history, geo-
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