Temple University School of Dentistry - Odontolog Yearbook (Philadelphia, PA)

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the storing of drugs and dressings. The food was brought from a nearby restaurant. Students acted as nurses. This condition could not last long, and as demands on the hospital became greater, other rooms had to be procured to accommodate the patients that were coming from all parts of the United States and Canada. Temporary quarters were found over the Third National Bank located at Broad and Market Streets. With the addition of the department of Oral Surgery the name of school was changed to the Philadelphia Dental College and Hospital of Oral Surgery. As the reputation of the Philadelphia Dental College and Hospital of Oral Surgery grew, the accommodations diminished proportionately. Therefore, it was decided in 1886 to expand the facilities, extend the influence, and increase the function of the college by merging with the Medico-Chirugical College and the Philadelphia School of Anatomy and to move to the north side of Cherry Street west of Eighteenth Street. This association of colleges constituted a firm . . . with equal rights and privileges so far as pertained to the control of the plant while at the same time maintaining a separate existence as teaching institutions. Dr. James E. Garretson, M.D., D.D.S., served as Professor of Anatomy and Surgery, Surgeon to the Oral Surgery Clinic, and Dean of the colloge (1880-1895) until his untimely death on October 30, 1895. It was through his efforts that the Philadelphia Dental College was the first dental school to introduce a course in Oral Surgery into the curriculum and to have a hospital for the treatment of oral pathologies. The ten years following the merger were so successful and growth so rapid that it bocame necessary in 1896 to dissolve the previous business relations with the Medico-Chirurgical College, and plans were mutually agreed upon to that effect. The Philadelphia School of Anatomy remained in association with the dental school. That same year ground was purchased at Eighteenth and Buttonwood Streets and a modern building of large dimensions . . . well planned and equipt for a dental school was built by Wilson Brothers and Company, Civil Engineers and Architects, for a total of $87,021.31, . . this being the full amount due us for the construction of the Main Building for the Philadelphia Dental College and Hospital of Oral Surgery, October 27, 1896. The cornerstone of the building was laid with Masonic ceremonies on January 13, 1897. A hospital for oral surgery occupied most of the first floor. However, since it was located in the district of the Baldwin Locomotive Works and other

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0nt Hunbreb Wtw 3n mebteto Greatness really consists in doing some great deed with little means . Conwell In 1845 a group of Philadelphia dentists: John D. White, Elisha Townsend, Edward B. Gardette, Samuel C. Mintzer, Leonard Roper, E. Parry, and Robert Arthur, encouraged by the success of the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, decided to make an effort to form a dental college in Philadelphia. Using foresight, they thought it advisable to secure the support of the state by organizing a dental society. And indeed, on December 15, 1845, the Pennsylvania Dental Surgeons came into being. Their attempts at securing a charter for the school were plagued by adverse political influence until 1850. At that time, the Honorable Jesse R. Burdon announced that he had, and was willing to sell, his charter—with strings attached. His Honor was to name the Board of Corporators, and the doctors wore to have the privilege of naming the faculty. It was under these conditions that the first dental college in Pennsylvania was organized and became known as The Philadelphia College of Dental Surgery. I 16 Arch Street was selected as the location— now 528 Arch Street—and in November, 1852, in a few rooms over the Jones, White, and McCurdy Dental Depot, the first Philadelphia dental faculty began the education of the dental student body. However, as fate would have it, the Corporators attempted to coerce the faculty into granting degrees to incompetent men. The faculty refused and then resigned. Aside from demonstrating a commendable amount of professional integrity, the faculty did manage to graduate a few men, among whom at least one is particularly worthy of note: Dr. James E. Garretson, Class of 1856, the Father of Oral Surgery. Undaunted, and perhaps a little wiser from their experience, the group at once entered upon the task of organizing another school. With the assistance of Dr. Charles Hamilton, a charter was obtained. The school was to be located at the old site. It was incorporated in the Spring of 1856 by a special Act of Legislature, and Dr. Robert A. Arthur, who, incidentally, received the first dental degree conferred by the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, was elected Dean of the new Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery. Numbered among the faculty was one John Hugh McQuillen, M.D., D.D.S., Philadelphia College of Dental Surgery, Class of 1853. After teaching for six years, he decided, in 1862, to resign his chair of Professor of Operative Dentistry and Physiology and plan an institution wherein a well-rounded, spherical education could be realized. For a year McQuillen was a one-man army in his campaign for a new school. The opposition to his plan was considerable, necessitating frequent interviews with public men, hurried trips to Harirsburg, voluminous correspondence, lobbying, and raising funds—for you see, Dr. McQuillen had no money for his project. Nevertheless, McQuillen got his charter. The institution, located at 108-110 North Tenth Street, to be known as The Philadelphia Dental College had to share the announcement of its opening with other, perhaps more momentous, headlines of American history: The war between the states had been going on for two years and by this time most of the Southern states had seceded from the Union and formed a separate government. Soup kitchens and bread lines were in evidence everywhere in Philadelphia and plans for the evacuation of the city before arrival of the Confederate soldiers were being discussed. The school was organized without an endowment fund and, therefore, depended entirely upon tuition fees for upkeep. During the first session each member of the faculty paid $700.00, in addition to contributing time, personal equipment, appliances, instruments, materials, and valuable specimens for the privilege of teaching eleven students. During the second session the faculty fared better; they were only assessed $50.00 each. Thereafter the college became self-sustaining. The original faculty consisted of Charles Kingsbury, M.D., D.D.S., Professor of Operative Dentistry and Dental Physiology; Thomas Wardle, D.D.S., Professor of Mechanical Dentistry and Metallurgy; J. Foster Flagg, D.D.S., Professor of the Institute of Dentistry, and Henry Morton, M.A., Professor of Chemistry. Dr. McQuillen served as Dean (1863-1879) and Professor of Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene. In 1866 the renowned Dr. James E. Garretson joined the faculty to lecture on Oral Surgery. Ho resigned two years later to pursue other work, but returned to the Philadelphia Dental College in 1876 determined to make Oral Surgery the first specialty of dentistry. To this end a hospital was organized for which there was no space, necessitating the rental of a small room on the third floor of an adjoining building. In the beginning there were two cots, a few sheets and pillow cases and an old cupboard for 10

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manufacturing companies, tho hospital soon ceased to concentrate on oral diseases and accepted all sorts of cases into its wards. In 1897 the name of the hospital was changed to Garretson Hospital, named in honor of its founder. The school also changed its name to the Philadelphia Dental College and Garretson Hospital of Oral Surgery. Once again the demands upon the hospital far outstripped its facilities, and so, an appropriation for the purpose of building a new hospital was secured from the State Legislature and a modern structure was completed in 1908. It was located on Hamilton Street, adjoining the college. In 1906 the Philadelphia Dental College and Garretson Hospital of Oral Surgery offered to affiliate its holdings with Temple College. Dean Simoon H. Guilford explained it in this manner: There was a gradual change in sentiment shown by prospective students for dental schools associated with universities. Therefore, affiliation with some larger educa- tional institution would be advantageous to its interests. Especially since various state boards showed preference for students with a university diploma. Temple, on the other hand, did not want to start a dental school de novo, but was desirous of association with a dental school. The offer was accepted. As of December 15. 1906, the Philadelphia Dental College and Garretson Hospital of Oral Surgery became affiliated with Temple University by mutual consent of both institutions with a transfer of ground, buildings, equipment, good will and complete management. At this time the dental college was the fourth oldest in America, preceded only by institutions in Baltimore and Cincinnati and the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery in this city. The next four decades were years of growth, turmoil, war, depression, another conflict and finally, peace. During this period the name and reputation of Temple University School of Dentistry, so named 12