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Page 31 text:
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Nor in any section of the body do so many difficulties beset the operator. The vascularity of the parts; the impossibility of keeping them entirely aseptic owing to oral moisture and secretions; the constant exposure to respit.itory air currents; and the difficulty of operating with limited access while hemorrhage and obstructions interfere with refraction, are a combination of difficulties not nut with in operations involving any other part of the body. Nor arc the operations minor ones. Some of the most malignant diseases with which humanity is affected, such as cancer and syphilis, often manifest themselves by very extensive lesions in the mouth Indeed, quite a variety of systemic diseases often give the first apparent evidence of their existence at that point. It therefore follows that to intelligently and successfully combat them a knowledge of their symptomology, etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, sequela:, with proper treatment, must be part of the mental equipment of the thorough dental practitioner. Dentistry keeps in progressive alignment with general surgery in its ownward strides. The Oral Surgical Clinic provides the means of obtaining a practical familiarity with the most lecrnt progress and knowledge in histology, bacteriology, inflammatory conditions, all methods of antiseptic treatment, wound sterilisation etc., and the general treatment of incised, contused, punctured, lacerated, poisoned or other wounds liable to affect the oral surgical field, and in addition provides a method of obtaining a knowledge of the oral lesions of the different infective diseases. At the Oral Surgical Clinic the student also acquires a practical knowledge of the administration of general and local anesthetics , treatment in eases of shock or heart diseases, sjneope, hysteria, resuscitation, control of hemorrhage (especially in patients of hemorrhagic diathesis) and other medical and general emergencies, bandaging, treatment of wounds, etc. Operations are also performed for the removal of cysts, malignant or benign tumors, such as sarcoma, odontoma, osteoma. li| oma, glioma, fibroma, carcinoma, adenoma, etc,, and bone diseases, such as caries or necrosis. In addition the operative treatment on the patient is clinically shown for staphylorhaphy. or other congenital deformities of the mouth or face, for neuroses, or for diseases of the structures or sinuses of the oral cavity or diseases of the maxilla. Especial clinical attention is given to fractures, especially those of the jaws, simple or complex, multiple or comminuted ; and the construction and application of special interdental splints, as well as general prosthesis of the part, all operations being performed in the manner best suited for the greatest possible cosmetic effect.
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Page 30 text:
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The late Professor James M Garrctson (after rcferreil to as the Father of Oral Surgery was the first to specialize it as a distinct branch of general surgery, and was also the author of the first complete and standard work on the subject, which was largely based on operations performed in the clinics of the Philadelphia Dental College. The traditions of the Philadelphia Dental College in this respect have been ably and fully lived up to by his successor, Professor Henry C. Boenning. When the extensive new buildings for the Philadelphia Dental College were erected a large-section was laid out for hospital purposes. This section embraces male and ft male wards, nurses' quarters, storage accommodation, bath and lavatories, kitchen, surgeons' room, etc , and is fitted with all the appliances and equipment necessary foi the care and treatment of the gravest surgicil eases. On September 20. 1897, a charter was granted to this hospital, and it was designated the Garret-soman Hospital, in memory of the late Professor Garrctson While purely oral surgical cases have the preference, care is by no means confined to these. All lesions or diseases of the mouth, nose or throat or associate parts in cases presented arc taken care of and. as occasion demands, general surgical cases arc also looked after. Ear, eye, throat and general surgical an I medical clinics are held doily by the efficient surgical staff of the hospital. Special clinics are held, at least once a week, at which operations on the graver eases are performed. The surgical staff are as given above, numbers of the Senior Class being detailed as assistants at operations, thus familiarizing them with this branch from a practical standpoint By means of these clinics the symtomology. pathology and general treatment of the various lesions arc practically portrayed, and the student thoroughly familiarized therewith from the standpoint of personal observation amply supplemented by didactic teaching. The requirements of dental practice necessitate that a competent practitioner should possess, at least, a general theoretical knowledge of all branches of genera! medicine and surgery. Up to .1 certain point the acquirement of this knowledge needs to be as complete as for the general medical practitioner, the basal principles of the different branches of the healing art being common. After this point, or parting of the ways, each devotes his particular energies to the ramifications of the especial line which he has to treat, and thus be particularly able to differentiate and diagnose such local and pathological manifestations as fall under his care in his special field. In no section of the human body is there in such limited space so large a number of disease manifestations as the oral cavity and its associate parts—the field of the ora! surgeon. — 36—
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