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Page 20 text:
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To FReiX)eRlCi W. GOUDY Master Of Beautiful Type I)esign Patron Hnd Paragon Of Younger Hrtists honorary SLlumnus Of yacuse This Volume Is Dedicated In llomage on the Five hundredth Hnniversary of the Discovery Of Movable Types
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Page 19 text:
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qOMMeMORHTlON Johannes Gcnsflcisch, known to the world as Johannes Gutenberg, was bom at Mainz about 1400. When Gutenberg was in his early manhood, his family, patrician and extremely influential, was banished from the Free Cjity following a popular uprising. Rbout 1430 he took up residence in Strass ' burg, the famous old city on the Rhine, where we first find evidence of his interest in printing. ?lt 3trassburg Gutenberg became a skilled metal workerjCntering into partnership with two asso ciates whom he was to instruct in his craft. There he conceived the idea of printing from movable metal types, instead of the wooden blocks used up to that time, he and his partners together financed the enterprise, and the first press was set up at the house of HndrewDritzehn, an artisan of jStrassburg. Dritzehn died in 1438, and his heirs brought suit against Gutenberg and his associates, demanding admission to the partnership. The tesrimony of witnesses in this case, which constitutes the famous Strassburg DiJcuments, furnishes the oldest documentary evidence concerning the invention of printing. Johannes Gutenberg was not only the first man of the Western world to work with movable metal types — he first employed the steel easting mould to insure the exact dimensions of printed characters, first evolved a suitable lead alloy for use in casting type, a viscous ink which would adhere to the face of his metal characters, and a press which would exert the necessary pressure to transfer ink from the relief surface to paper. These technical steps constitute the invention of printing. The methods used by Gutenberg in 1440 were so perfect that they have remained largely unchanged through five hun dred years. In 1444 Gutenberg returned to Mainz, where he continued his printing experiments in partner ' ship with Johannes Fust, a moneylender, and Peter Schoeffer, a printer, here was published the fam ' ous 4i ' line Bible of 1456, and the magnificent Psalter of 1457- The latter book, printed in black and red type, profusely decorated with two-color ornamental initials, revealed Gutenberg ' s new mechanic cal printing process in its perfected state. The name of the great printer himself however, does not appear in connection with either book, due to an unfortunate break which occurred between Guten ' berg and Fust while the work on the Bible was in progress. From this time on we know very little of the life of the man who invented printing. Fust a nd Schocf fcrwent on to become prosperous printers and publishers of Mainz. Gutenberg died about i468,in bankruptcy, having realized no material benefits from the invention without which modem civiliza ' tion would be impossible.
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