Suwannee (CVE 27) - Naval Cruise Book

Text from Pages 1 - 96 of the 1946 volume:

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It would be unjust to attempt to give individual men credit for their valor, either because many acts of heroism were unobserved by others or because the glory of them may be dimmed in the telling. Our only objective in this publication of the War Log is to put into somewhat permanent form, the r-storylloff all the men Whose energy and effort earned H' B W- 1 k ,r for the tiii the justly merited title 'fQueQn of in in J: . , J -if V ...f I ,, , J -'Jaw , Y iv21.,...1- hifi: i xiii 1 ii .7 ii ii i I lijfiifff A , UCZMCV iw f ff' gi, Vn,Y,..,jv x ho A ., 4 1 K F' - A.-3. pil .A -xg l i fl, SUWANNEE. FLAG AIIMIHAL HEAR ALIMIHAL WILLIAM Ll. SAMPLE May 1944 To Uctnher 1945 ir ir ir ir ir if i' it if L 'lr L'k'k'Ir4i'-k-kgrf SUWANNEE CAPTAINS CAPTAIN JUSEPH J. CLARK E4 September 1942 Ta E1 January 1949 CAPTAIN ERELIERICK W. MCIVIAHUN E1 January' 1943 Tn SU December 1949 CAPTAIN WILLIAM Il. JUHNSUN 99 Eleeember 1949 Te R Ileeember 1944 CAPTAIN TIELRERT S. CURNWELL R Eecember 1944 Te E September 1945 CAPTAIN CHARLES .C. McRUNAL1l E September 1945Ta 2 Uctuber 1945 ACTING CAPTAIN CUMMANRER SCHERMERHURN VAN IVIATER E Uctuber 1945 Ta IE November 1945 CAPTAIN ELTUN C. PARKER 1E November 1945 Tn- ir 'Ir ir ir ir ir 'lr 'A' ir No nation will surviveg no nation can retain its exalted place in the family of nationsg no nation can hand down a glory that is Worthy of the name, unless it can count upon the sacrifices of its men and Women. In time of stress a nation calls upon its citizens to give their blood that that nation may be victorious over its 'enemies and stand loyally by its friends. hlany aboard the S. S. SUWANNEE were asked to give their all for their country. They gave it-and no matter how suddenly the gift was demanded -We know they gave willingly. To all of them-the men who died in the service of their country while serving aboard the SUWANNEE We respectfully and affectionately dedicate this War Log. 4 1 E 1 a 1 N N X X 8 i ! i 1 v I i Q . v 1 Z i 1 1 5 I g f ff, , , f , wwf ,Vi Jw. 3 . , I i, , H , ff, , VM ,MM , . If K f f ' ,,9 '1'4. 1 f fl f ,Y , ' 1 ,M m f .L .. ,, , f f , , ty. fgffbf V' f , .f fm W . . ,N ,. V., , A ,L - , ,..v- ' -v' .. ,, o- 1 1-ww .X Y wk. -X 1 I .A X twin , 4' J--, -...N-1 -.xv-X' A N-iQf.ELS F X ,N X.-:wg .My lf: A+-vi 1..KU NS:- . x 5 --gy wx xxfs Qxw.-iLX:,vv1 'i M-rwxlivmwfxgyr . .. . X Mfg' 1,1 f-Q 7w A x -- -N sw.. , K V., x ,,,f wr ,-ov' '-- - Mfv ,- - -- ' -H .-J' ,.- ,- ,,,., - . - 4 v ,Q-WA ,J-'Ak I ' Y -an-2-7 .., The combined efforts of all who manned me at Okinawa is what gave me the reputation .... Of all the iightin' CVE's, the fightinest of all is the SII-WANNEE. I am mighty proud of all handsf' It took a lot of work to get the job done at Okie. After Okinawa I steamed down to Borneo. After that opera- tion, back to Leyte . . . then Buckner Bay. There, with the war over,'l on August l2, at dusk, a low, slow plane Hew close to me to smack the USS PENNSYLVANIA lying 3,000 yards off my starboard bow. I could distinctly feel the Hjoltf' It made me shudder. . . I thought of Leyte. On September 14th, after covering minesweepers off Kyushu, I steamed into beautiful Nagasaki harbor. During my l0 day stay there, all hands had an opportunity to see the atomized section of Nagasaki. From all the stories I have heard, that part of the city is really leveled, scarred, charred, roasted and toasted. September 28th, my hook dropped in Wakayama harbor. Everyone always said I would do it some day and . . . sure enough . . . October lSth, I steamed into Tokyo Bay. During my 7-day stay, all hands had at least one chance to visit the Nip capital. Pretty soon Illl be getting all of you back to Uncle Sugar. I know you're anxious to get there. Now when you do go down the gangplank don't forget to say goodbye to me. And if you listen closely you'll hear me say to YOU: HWELL DONE . . . GOODBYE AND GOOD LUCKY' ,s ' ,M ,Y ' ' ' E ' I -'Ll E ,Q K., V, 5 L 1 wi , . , 3 ff' 53: , 111: - 'E A 3 ' 1' ' K sm ge p f, ., Ig. 2' Wei at ' ' A Y A 5 ' I Tw ' 1 I .- ' iq ia , sg 1 r. M, L5 L Q- 53 if ,U 3 Q 4 1 , '41 3 , , 5 X. I I I I . 2 x , A. i gf 'f U J , 5 4 2. -! s H 3 1 F, 2 41 JI .1 ff: S A 1 lr A :Q Q v E r F 'fg ' Q- 4' M X1 if 2 ki - :L 'Ui ' .v Q1 - '- .ti , 3 . W V f 14 I ,g ff. it ' Q3 V A3112 . Q ' J 5 ig A 1 X s g if 1 Q .X P Q Qi ,ji ,gi 1 i 5 5, L 1 1 1 j . f f, 4A, A 1 1 f' 1 . 1 4 1 2 1? 1 3 1 2 1 W Ii P . 3 I 1 1 3 1 1 1 I 1 1 11 1. 1 V 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M-...r Reading from top to bottom: Leaving Frisco. Sanga mon making turn and colliding with Suwannee. . .. .,,w.,,,,.wV,Mmc.. ,.,..i.-Y ,,.,.,. . , ., ,.. Reading from top to bottom: Ready for action. Re- moving fuse from bomb accidentally dropped from plane. S it it , 4 X il THE 5 ANNEE TH K5 I was once a modern oil tanker called the SS MARKAY. I was built in 1-939. VVhen 1941 rolled around, the Navy, as Dart of its expansion program, took me over for a fleet oiler. A0-33 was my designation, RI3' new name was SUVVANNEE. It comes from the southern river celebrated in Stephen Fosters song, THE OLD FOLKS AT I-IOHIE. In the 6 months following my commissioning, July 26, 1941, I steamed 38,000 miles along the Atlantic coast, in the Gulf of Illexico and in making one cruise to Honolulu. I thought I was quite a traveler. February 20, 1942, at Norfolk, I was suddenly decommissioned, moved to Newport News, Va. and there, to my utter amazement, I was con- verted into an aircraft carrier! I was scheduled for completion late in October, IQ42, but some- thing, or someone, caused them to hurry me along so that I could be and was . . . commissioned on 24 September ,42. Air-group 27 and some green 16 me ,i R ,W .,.. H - 1-y --- :rush A-'21 shipls company hands boarded me and after a two Weeks shakedown cruise, I was off to War! I Went right into the thick of the long heralded second front in the vicinity of Casablanca. Carrying 39 planes . . . an unprecendented load for a CVE . . . my men and my Airgroup performed like veterans. D Day was Sunday, November 8, 1942. My planes assisted materi- ally in silencing both heavy shore batteries and the crack French battleship JEAN BART.,' lily seams almost burst with pride when I be- came the first CVE ever to sink a submarine. A flight of TBP' I d g s, e by my Lt. Comdr. Nation, sighted a fully surfaced medium sized Vichy French submarine and with depth charges gave it the works. To the East, General Patton's armored divisions were hammering While U, S. battleships and cruisers were hoisting in big ones from the VVest. SUVVANNEE planes were ox erhead The combination was too much Iztll, French forces in Casablanca the Way back to Bermuda, my Medical oflicially went into commission by of its first major surgery . . . a success- ny in a 59 knot gale! How I did l Once I rolled to 27 degrees. .Right pI'0I1'1ptly the Navy decided 1 Should in the Pacific. I nosed through the Panama Canal II and I2 December 1942. There, my yardarm got tangled up with a control tower, whereupon my C8zR Department went into commission. . On January 4, 1943 battlescarred veterans of the South Pacific Force looked with total be- wilderment as I steamed into Noumea, New Caledonia with officers and crew at quarters all dolled up in whites. In spite of having been sunk several times, there, peacefully at anchor, sat my old aunt SARA. Space will not permit telling you about all the operations in which I have participated. Each operation is a separate story. Suffice that I list them. After Casablanca, there came Guadal- canal, Russel Islands, the Gilberts Qincluding Tarawaj, Apemama, Kwajalein, E n i w e to k, Palau, Aitape, Hollandia, Saipan, Tinian, Guam, Morotai, battle of Leyte Gulf, Okinawa and Borneo. After japan surrendered, I operated with lN'Iine Sweepers off the Coast of Kyushu. At Leyte, in October 1944, when Airgroup 60 was aboard, I had the dubious honor of being the subject for a Japanese experiment . . . having bombs come through my flight deck with Jap pilots attached. One smashed me October 25th. I had a great many casualties. On October 26, another one roared into my for- ward elevator. The enemy was glad to have me out of way, my men and Airgroup 60 had been delivering lots of punishment. But the Suiciders did it to me and it was all very bad. I do not like to think about all the things that happened during those two days. Gallant men fought like demons to save me from fire. Lots of them were hurt .... I saw lots of them die. They were good men. Under my own power I steamed to Bremerton where swarms of workmen hammered, welded and patched. In January 1945 I was pronounced ready for combat duty again. At San Francisco I picked up some work-horses Airgroup 40., The Golden Gate bridge disappeared in the haze on February 9th. I couldn't quite make Iwo Jima, so I was excused from that one. But at Okinawa I made up for lost time! There, my, men were subjected to the acid test of human endurance when I operated continuously from March 27th . . . when I left Ulithi . . . until June 21st . . . when I arrived in Leyte. In the interim I steamed 25,062 miles around and across, back and forth in wind and calms while I launched planes, landed planes, launched planes and landed them again. It was a grind- ing, grueling operation. At Okinawa my Airgroup 40 flew 3,273 sorties while amassing more than 10,000 hours in the air! 990,000 pounds of bombs were dropped . . . almost a million! 6,176 rockets were launched. My planes splashed 9 .laps 5 Sonias, 3 Vals and 1 llyrt, the latter only I2 miles ahead of me carrying a bomb. A team of my fighters led by Lt. Comdr. Longino got it just in time. With but one exception, Airgroup 40 shot down every Nip they encountered. You see, my main job at Okie, after supporting the initial landings, was the neutralization of Saka- shima Gunto airfields. It came to be a dailY routine affair. While other carriers and land based aviators were enjoying tremendous suc- cesses in the turkey shoots over Okinawa, my planes were lugging bombs and rockets to neu- tralize Sakashima and didn't get a chance at the gravy. I noticed, though, that Jap airforces at- tacking Okinawa came not from the Sakashima group, but from the homeland to the North. Six Jap airfields at Sakashima might have been used without the Hproper treatment. SUWANNEE men did an important job. lVIany Jap planes were destroyed on the ground. ALL THIS AND MOROTAI TOO just two years ago today 5 at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Co. in Newport News, Virginia, Rear Admiral O. L. Cox accepted the U.S.S. SUXVANNEE for the Navy, and the ship was placed in full commission under the command of Captain sl. J. Clark. Originally scheduled for commissioning a month later, the ship was rushed to completion in order to be available for impending operations. On October I she left pier 9 at the Newport News Shipyard and headed out for what was later laughingly called a' shakedown cruise. During the next two weeks we depermed, ran the degaussing range, .calibrated the compass and R. D. F., fired several gunnery practices, landed planes aboard and had our first TBF go into the catwalk, took aboard ammunition and provisions and, after an inspection by R111 Gates, the Assistant SecNav for Air, reported ready for sea. On October 17, we left N.O.B. Norfolk and entered the high seas for the first time, bound for Bermuda, B.W.I. A Soon after anchoring in lVIurray's Anchorage off Hamilton, Bermuda, it became apparent that we were to participate in an assault operation, Rumors of a strike at Dakar ran rife but soon after setting sail again an announcement was made that we were to participate in the long heralded second front in the vicinity of Casa- blanca. The carrier force consisting of the SUWANNEE, RANGER, SANGAMON and SANTEE was scheduled to support amphibious landings until an airfield was secured and 70 P-40,8 from the CHENANGO could be cata- pulted and sent ashore. We carried 39 planes, an unprecendented load for a CVE, and success- ful operation was problematical sincethe cata- pult had been decommissioned, and there was no assurance that wind conditions would be favor- able. We soon rendezvoused with the greatest amphibious force in history. The voyage to Africa was completed successfully and the convoy arrived on schedule after running through the German U-Boat picket line along the coast' of Africa witho ut loss. D Day, Sunday, November 8, was much similar to the numerous D Days that we have since participated in. Psychologically, however, the first is always the worst, and it was with much relief that the end of the day found us relatively unscathed. 'The landings had been successful and SUWANNEE bombers had assisted in silencing heavy shore batteries and the French battleship JEAN BART.'f Two French 'submarines in Casablanca Harbor were sunk by aerial attack and French cruisers and destroyers which attempted to clear the harbor to fight were mortally wounded by gunfire from our ships assisted by SUWAN N EE TBF's. Shortly thereafter, we struck the key- note for the successful war against the German U-Boat menace by becoming the first CVE to sink a submarine. A Hight of TBF's of VGS-27 led by Lt. Comdr. Nation sighted a fully sur- .A faced medium sized Vichy-French submarine and successfully attacked with depth charges. On the morning of November I2 French forces in Casa- blanca capitulated. Threatened by General Pat- ton's armored division to the east, by the guns of U. S. battleships and cruisers to the west and by SUVVANNEE planes overhead. the French forces surrendered. At 1226 Admiral Hewitt sent word that our mission had been completed and we set course for Bermuda again. The trip home was extremely uncomfortable for most of the green crew since a 50 knot gale blew almost continuously bringing on the u roughest weather we have ever experienced. It was in this storm that the lledical Department officially went into commission by performing its First major surgery-a successful appendec- tomy on C. R. E. llurray. C. Alexanderg Lt. Comdr. Delaney and Lt. Burwell operated in spite of the heavy pitch and roll C27 degrees maximum ll :Xfter a short stop in Bermuda land one liberty? the SL'lV.-XNNEE proceeded to Nor- folk where she stayed just long enough for all hands to have a 4.8 hour' liberty before shoving off, on December 5th, to join the Pacific Fleet. fs? 'gYIl'im 'fm its I N .v ,wxwlis L . X wigs., in 9' Inspection in White x X . F v ifgsv,s'N. 'i X N. ai Nl SK 3 On December 11th and 12th, we passed through the Panama Canal without incident and with- out libertyj except for a tangle betW6Cf1 the signal yardarm and control tower. The Canal authorities would not cooperate by removing the control tower so we officially put the C. and R. Department into commission. The yardarm WHS removed about midnight amidst much confusion he WICHITA, and long debates were held 0 the advantages of being fully illuminated at night in submarine waters. On anuary 4 1943 the amazement as we steamed into Noumea, New Caledonia, with the officers and crew at quarters in whites. We were unimpressed by our new surroundings except for the reassuring sight of Formation Over Ship and under the close supervision of the ISt Lieutenant from the roof of the control tower. The passage across the Pacific was marked by our first crossing of the Equator and the 180th llieridian and our first Christmas at sea. fwith- out mail buoy in the vicinityl. lVe engaged in numerous starshell and searchlight practices at night under the tutelage of Admiral Giffen, on the big old SARA sitting peacefully at anchor in spite of numerous rumors of her sinking. After officially reporting to ComSoPac f0f duty, we soon got underway and headed fOr Havannah Harbor, Efate where we were des- tined to spend the next seven months. OH Jan' UZITY 17, the SUVVANNEE moored to the n0W famous Buoy 14N and prepared for tremendoui ..,-.,-4-- f'X 4 P+ cn FP rn P-1 SD I3 cn O r-+-. PP D' CD CD O C . f-+ D' ZF Q. Q :h . O 'TJ O . -1 O fp N. CID FY- N f-1 rn v Q.. . 5' :S wu-iun-.mmnmQfe4fnm.w..f,.q.w....aa-frw.wf-Aafaaaqavfrqf- -.-,..........,. N K, V, i + operations with the South Pacific Force. On january 21, 1943, Captain F. W. McMahon took over command from Captain Clark who went back to assume command of the new YORKTOWN. On January 27th we received orders to get underway to rendezvous with and provide coverage for several transports filled with Army troops under the command of General Patch. The Army was finally moving into Guadalcanal and it was rumored that the advance elements contained two U.S.O. shows, material for an officers' club, and a Chinese hand laundry. This comparatively simple operation ended tragical- ly, for the cruiser force under Admiral Giffen was subjected to a dusk torpedo attack off Guadalcanal and the U. S. S. CHICAGO was hit. The next day the troops landed success- fully but the CHICAGO, under tow and escorted by five DD's was again attacked and sunk in spite of coverage by SUIVANNEE, Cl-IENANGO, ENTERPRISE planes. The CHENANGO and SUNVANNEE narrowly averted a dusk attack of I5 ,lap bombers, by running into a weather front where the enemy failed to make contact. At this time word was received that the ,lap fleet was at sea and would attempt to reinforce Guadalcanalg the SUWANNEE, CHEN- ANGO, SANGAIVION, four cruisers and four old battleships joined up under Vice Admiral Leary and proceeded to the vicinity of Vanikoro Island to protect the northeastern approaches to the Solomons. All indications pointed to the possibility of an engagement and all I5 TBF's were on deck in condition II loaded with torpe- does. Admiral Leary sent word about 0200 one morning I expect to contact the enemy at dawn. The enemy never did materalize how- ever. Instead, 20 Jap destroyers ran down to Guadalcanal and evacuated troops rather than reinforce their garrison. Shortly thereafter, the capture of Guadalcanal was announced as being completed. It was during this cruise off Vani- koro that CarDiv22's first commander took over. Rear Admiral llason, former skipper of the HORNET, was transferred to the flagship CSLIIVANNEEJ at sea by breeches buoy. After the retirement of the Tokoyo Express we returned to port for a short stay and then successfully covered the movement of troops in the occupation of the Russell Islands in the Solomons group. At the conclusion of this operation we returned to Efate, took aboard the new Division Commander, Admiral IN'IcI all, and sat at Buoy 14 till about IO August except for a week of covering troops for the occupation of New Georgia. During this period the squadrons, VT and VF 27, were sent to Guadalcanal for two long periods during which they amassed an impressive combat record. Early in August, we received the glorious news that we would soon depart for Uncle Sugar for yard availability. In no time at all we were learning all over again the pitfalls of life in the states and fighting the battle of hIarket Streetf' Also in no time at all we arrived in San Diego, took aboard VF and VT 60 and set out for the occupation of the Gilbert Islands which marked the first step of a whole new phase of Pacific warfare. The SIIVVANNEE and Air Group 60 have been engaged almost continuously since October, 1943, in the support of amphibious operations. Except for a short stay in San Diego, where Captain VV. D. Johnson took over command, the duty has been severe but most satisfactory. - f,-me -swf:-gear.:-A-,.'e:.f ,- -vvf fe.,srM.:ugu,q.wQ -'f my-rs-as-1 -- :Q .gi-Sf-s,,NQ5.,.-.. 4 -K K The past year has seen the fall, in rapid succession, of Jap garrisons at Tarawa, Ape- mama, Kwajalein, Eniwetok, Aitape, Hollandia, Saipan, Tinian, Guam, lVIorotai and Csoonb Peleliu. The SUWANNEE and her sister ships have the unique distinction of having parti- cipated in every major amphibious operation in the Pacific except the present one at Peleliu. We have proven ourselves to be invaluable support for these operations and we have success- fully completed operations of such length and intensity that they taxed the endurance of all hands. The squadrons have outflown and out- lasted all other carrier based squadrons in the fieet and in doing so have established operating records that should warm the hearts of every strong advocate of a carrier Navy. Statistics give a fair idea of the relative intensity of our operations during the past year as compared to the first year. XVhen Air Group 60 came aboard, the SUXVANNEE had something les.: than 2,000 landings. Lt. Comdr. Feilbach made the 2,000tl1 and noxv the figure stands at 6,369 X-Vhen wc arrived in San Francisco September 10, 1943, we had logged slightly more than 40,000 nautical miles. Wie now have I2I,200l Twelve ofiicers and 313 men who were aboard for the commissioning ceremony Cplank-oxvnersj M ustering . . . ,-,.,, i v are still aboard Cnow considerably saltierlj Our longest cruise, during the Gilberts operation, took II days, 21 hours and 24 minutes and covered 10,812.16 non stop miles. Cn that trip We also crossed the equator 27 times. Our equator cross- ings now total 54 with 9 crossings of the 180th Nleridian. Air-craft o p e r a t i n g from the SUWANNEE have dropped approximately 500,000 pounds of bombs and fired 350,000 rounds of 50 calibre ammunition. The signal force has handled about 18,000 messages by blinker and semaphore. About the same number of radio messages have been Written up While IO times that number have been copied. The officers and men have consumed some 4,000,000 pounds of food. Thesquadrons of Air Group 60 had Hown 16,000 hours at the end of the lllarianas Campaign and had an average of 420 carrier hours per pilot. One hundred and forty- one combat missions had been flown up to that time with an additional S30 sorties. In summary, it is now evident that the SUVVANNEE, starting as a stop-gap and an experiment, has become an unqualified success in spite of the claim our rivals make, namely that the only thing we've ever sunk Was the tug at the deperming lock in San Francisco! Change of Command i in MQ' iv - 1 f., , ,la A ss 5 X , Z V, ' . X - .X - U . 5 ,.a, , kb XX X X bf - Q ' - 14462, ,. ' f , , K ,, ' if 1 s X ss 'I - , vf, f k . f X sq ss st - 7. 12, ,, ,V 1, 4, NV f- - f ,. -ffm ' .avi .2 HISTIIHY ' 1 Date of 'launching Qas SS MARKAYQ: 22 May 1939- Date of commissioning Cas USS SUVVANNEED: 24 September 1942. Commanding Officers: 1. Captain Joseph J. Clark, USN, of Chelsea, Oklahoma-24 September 1942 to 2I january 1943- 2. Captain Frederick W. McMahon, USN, of Washington, D. C.-21 january 1943 to 30 December 1943. A Captain William D. johnson, USN, of Mont- gomery, Alabama-30 December 1943 to 8 December I944. 3. Captain Delbert S. Cornwell, USN, of Philippi, West Virginia-8 December 19.4.4 to 2 Septem- 4. ber 1945. Task Forces and Task Groups to which attached: T.F. 34 and T.G. 34.2-25 October to 21 No- vember 1942. T.F. 32-6 December to I2 December 1942. T.F. 18114 December to 2 February 1943. T.F. 69 and T.G. 69.5-2 February to IO February 1943- T.F, I8-I0 February to 26 August 1943. T.F. 50 and T.G. 50.1-20 October to I4 No- vember 1943. T.F. 53 and T.G. 53.6-14 November to 14 December 1943. T.U. 19.9.9-15 December to 21 December 1943. T.F. 53 and T.G. 53.7-1 January to 3 January 1944- T.F. 53113 January to 31 January 1944. T.F. 53 and T.G. 53.6-31 january to I5 February 1944. T.F. SI and T.G. 51.11-IS February to 18 Febru- ary 1944. T.F. SI and T.G. 51.18-18 February to 3 March 19.44. - A T.F. 58 anrl T.G. 58.7-15 March to 26 March I944. Y 3 3 PART I-CHRONOLOGY A T.F. 50 and T.G. 50.15-26 March to 4 April 1944. T.F. 58 and T.G. 58.7-4 April to II April 1944.. T.F. 78 and T.G. 78.1-11 April to 21 May 1944. T.F. S3 and T.G. 53.7-21 May to 21 june 1944. T.F. S2 and T.G. 52.14-21 June to 4 July 1944. T.F. 53 and T.G. 53.7-4 July to 9 August 1944. T.F. 57 and T.G. 57.19-9 August to II September 19.14. I T.F. 77 and T.G. 77.1-10 September to I2 October 1944. T.F. 77 and T.G. 77.4-12 October to 9 No- vember 1944. T.G. 16.19--9 November to I9 November 1944. T G 19.12-20 November to 26 November 1944. T.U. 06.12--9 February to 16 February 1945. T U. 12.5.08-23 February to 4 March 1945, v T.U. 5I.ll.3'-4 March to 31 March 1945. '1'.G, 52.1 and T.F. 52.1.3-1 April to 28 May 1945- I 'I' G. 32.1 and TV. 32.1.3-28 May to 16 june 1945- T F, 78 and T.G. 78.4-26 june to 6 July 1945. T .F. 95 and T.G. 95.7-3 August to IO August I945- T.F. 95 and T.G, 95.3110 August to 2 September 1945- Signifcant change.: in functions: November 1942-Air Support and General Combat Operations. january-February 1943-Escort Duties. june 1943-September 1945-Air Support and General Combat Operatiofns. Physical mo-'vement.v: T942 , I7 October-departed Norfolk, Virginia for Ber- muda. ' 19-25 October-Bermuda. 25 October 21 November to North Africa and return 2I 22 November Bermuda 24 November 5 December Norfolk, Virginia II I2 December Panama Canal 1948 4 I5 January Great Roads Anchorage New 16 January 2 February Havanna Harbor, Efate 2 I2 February to Guadalcanal and return I2 27 February Havannah Harbor Efate 28 February-5 March to New Caledonia and return 6 March 4 August Havannah Harbor Efate 5 26 August Espirxtu Santo 7 ro july Enxwetok Atoll IO July 4 August v1c1n1ty Guam fand enroutel 4 9 August Emwetok Atoll I3 August IO September Seeadler Harbor Manus Island IO 29 September v1c1n1ty Morotal Island Qand enroutej Island I2 28 October v1c1n1ty Leyte Samar fand en- routej 28 October 1 November Kessol Roads Palau 4 9 November Seeadler Harbor, Manus Island I9 20 November Pearl Harbor 26 November 1944 31 january 1945-PSNY Bre- merton WaSh1Hgt0D I I .V Caledonia, 29 September-12 October-Seealler Harbor, Manus . 1 , . ' IO September 16 October Alameda, California. 18-19 October-San Diego, California. 5-13 November-Espiritu Santo. I3 November-14 December-Gilbert Island Opera- tion then to Pearl Harbor. 14-15 December-Pearl Harbor. 21 December 1943-13 January 1944--Sill! Diego, California. 19.42 13-21 january-to Lahaina Roads, Maui, T. H. 2I-22 January-Lahaina Roads, Maui, T. H, 1-15 February-Kwajalein Atoll. 15-24 February-Eniwetok Atoll. 3-15 March--Pearl Harbor. 30 MHfCh-I April-vicinity Palau Islands. 7-11 April-Espiritu Santo 13-16 April-Port Purvis, Florida Island. 24-26 April-Seeadler Harbor, Manus Iisland. 26 April-5 May-to New Guinea fAitape, Hol- landiaj and return. 5-7 May-Seeadler Harbor, Manus Island. 12-21 May-Espiritu Santo. 26-27 May-Tulagi Harbor, Florida Island, ' 29 May-2 June-Espiritu Santo 8-12 June-Kwajalein Atoll. I2 June-7 July--vicinity Saipan fand enroutel. IOAC 3-9 February-Hunter's Point, San Francisco, Cali- fornia. 9 February-departed Alameda, California. 16-23 February-Pearl Harbor. 4-14 March-Tulagi Harbor, Florida Island. 21-27 March-Ulithi Atoll. 1 April-16 June-vicinity Okinawa. 19-26 June-San Pedro Bay, Leyte Gulf, P.I. 30 June-3 July-Makassar Strait, vicinity Balik- papan, Borneo, NE.I. 6 July-3 August-San Pedro Bay, Leyte Gulf, P.I. 6 August-2 September-Buckner Bay, Okinawa. Actions in -which engaged: 1. North Africa, initial landings-8-11 November 1942. 2. Guadalcanal, capture and defense-30 January- 8 February 1943. I 3. New Georgia, Rendova, Vangunu, occupation -20 June-4 August 1943. 4. Gilbert Island CTarawa Atolll, occupation- I3 Nov.-8 Dec, 1943. 5. Kwajalein and Enivvetok Atolls, occupation- 31. jan.-24 Feb. 1944. 6. Palau, carrier strike-30 March-1 April 1944. 7. Aitape and Hollandia, initial landings-22 April-4 May 1944. 9 8. Saipan and Guam, initial landings-12 June- 1' August 1944. 49. Morotai, initial landings-15-24 September . 1944. 10. Leyte and adjoining islands, initial landings- 17-20 October 1944. I 11. Battle for Leyte Gulf-25-26 October 1944. 12. Okinawa, initial landings and occupation talso neutralization of Sakishima DHSESJ-I April-16 June 1945. 13. Balikpapan fBorneoj, initial landings-go JUHC-3 july 1945. G. Change in type and number of aircraft: September I943-OCIODCF 1943-I8 F4F, IS TBF. PART The serious shortage of aircraft carriers in the Fleet when the United States entered the war prompted the conversion of a number of cargo vessels and oilers as an emergency measure, pending initiation of a new construction program. SUVVANNEE was one of four fleet oilers so converted and then was immediately pressed into service as a combat carrier in the North African invasion. Due to their large fuel capacity, the converted oilers were ideally suited for extended combat operations, as amply demonstrated in the Okinawa operation. SUVVANNEE is attached to Carrier Division TVVENTY-TWO fRear Admiral XV. D. Samplel, and has been Division Flagship since early May 1945. Structural changes made since commissioning include conversion of the signal bridge, addition of four state- rooms forward on second platform deck to compensate for space lost when a second catapult was installed at Puget Sound Navy Yard, when the ship received battle, damage repair after the Leyte operation. SUWANNEE has been a combat ship since com- missioning, although providing convoy cover during movements and during the Solomons campaign. During the Okinawa operation, SUVVANNEE and the rest of Carrier Division TWENTY-TWVO were given only a relatively small amount of Air Support work. Instead, this Division's major mission was the continual neutra- lization of enemy air bases in the Sakishima Gunto to October 1943-March X944-I2 F6F, 9 TBF, 9 SBD. March 1944-November 19.1.4-22 F6F, 9 TBF. February 1945-September I94.S-20 F6F, I2 TBM. H. .Jir Units attached: VGS 27-24 September 1942'to I5 August 1943. Air Groups SIXTY-18 October 1943 to 26 No- vember 1944. Air Groups FORTY-8 February 1945 to 2 September 1945. I. Enemy --lircraft destroyed by -4 XJ: One possible enemy aircraft was destroyed off Leyte on 26 October 1944g other ships were firing at this plane at the time. II the south. This duty was considerably more wearing on ship and air group personnel than air support missions ever were, and it proved that a combat CVE can perform the same functions as the large carriers, where speed is not essential. The problem of supply was never critical until the Okinawa operation. The ship was at sea for eighty- five days, excepting for time spent in the Kerama Retto anchorage for replenishment. This anchorage was exposed to frequent enemy air attacks, and was a difficult problem to transfer sufficient supplies and ordnance and depart from the anchorage in ample time to place the ship a safe distance away by the time the usual dusk attacks began. As a result of this experience, re-arming at sea was recommended in the ship's action report, and subsequently re-arming exercises were held at sea with satisfactory results. Ship and air group relations have been, on the whole, harmonious. Air group personnel are assigned to radio, radar and aircraft maintenance, and to the photo laboratory and parachute loft. Half the space in the air office is assigned to the air group. The Air Department's activities includes flight deck and hangar deck crews, gasoline detail, CIC, Air Plot, Aerology Laboratory, ACI Officer, radar and radio maintenance, photographic laboratory, parachute loft, machine shop, metal shop, ordnance gang and Air Office. .:..,, Q., - - list. I E15 . eh Yi, E , .,., K 1 . ,y A i v -E if as QS ii 'E ' l F617-5 Along Side of Jap Plane ' I 2 , mai: 4 z Wx? fm..- Ndfho an -. ff N, 13' W M ' 1-nu-LN -Has... X x N x N XX QQ- I- x - -' .- X: X..-.,.:Xm-'w'12,aH . ff 1 - J x - X x . - . - - rv :-.X :ef aw. . Y, .- - -.V ,, Y '5L'3.g4 - . Q 4 f bf I EX-if , , - X. . . - k k 5 155 ffgffri K . V, gf X? - - K K X f 'Q Ig K ' -2,- K ' 'x J -K'x -1. q g1 ' ,x K fig-if ' ' 6 1 , x .xfc -- N ' ' W Q X E P TN L TT CK X ,wmmfwni 1 fi Q Q !.,,a,.,a,1' vw' ., A ix x SUICIDE HITS , 28 . u ,., X lu Q, fw. ,M wwf M Q, ,wi-M ,, r 1 - , fl' ' 2 ,,' Hi ,I 5 1 af. , 1 1 K in ., ..Q. -A -f f. X X : 1 W1lfS2'5N X .X X . -wa ,flfilv l-ffbN?,:: R T fN'jk.f:5x X' NR -5: X. .xxx XNXQ A.. X xx O R X X R , 5 X . x O . N . X ., W, . .Nr . Q w X X X wi c Y X x ' X X UETUBEH 25-2 PERSONNEL ABANDONING SHIP BECAUSE OF FIRE ON BOW AND BRIDGE . I 1 v NY! v. , R 'rf-ilu ,K s -an :SQ .T,Wa ' --,. . - Kia t fiiilisis on 'Q-qsxln ehiwgai Xa .v N. 15 ..- . X3 'im 'Wm MI. 2. .l O Q ., fy ,s,k :E THE '.?f' 3 x Y 's 'V x 1 31 N 59,3 ix if 'Niki x s 'X va ,ff K xi' N.. 'v E3-fi. .Q 1.3531 gg GE F-+V' awww X W kisk ',,,.p-- . F! 5 ' X-'A ,S f 1 ' '-.4 Mxzswnwvv ,F 1 1 1 Wave'- ' ' K ,.. - Reading from top to bottom: Damage shot quarterdeck. Damage shot galley. , mm A , 3? he f' Readmg rom top to bottom o 8 40 mm gun damaged Fzghter burned durzng suzc1de dzve bezng pushed over szde d 'W-4 f I 1:A 4 KO Xe xi,-M. -' N' , .. -e' .K A 3,1 , v. A, ' L QA Q . ' T 'x'H5xXa,., wx V tbqg SW A FQ V SSQTX 1 X: XXX xx W ' ' ' wax . .X ll-R-11 fo Xx x X1 Q x . . - . v X. X x iwmgxw N 0 O yy 0 q u ' if o Y xx .I , wx X P? my Q x AON- X X X X 15, f.-f Minn K N Q ,. Q. 4 H-' XA X X x N NXSX X X A me Q N e 3 -6 -x 'TX Xxx QQ .. FX 'X -.N,,,s-vilwxkr -Q-839155 X .x w X N 3 . Sf N N ' Nw S Q M x Nw Q x X X X X XX X x X N Q X x . Q- X X X Q X Xf X M fn ' ' N X Oi X X XX X X Y fx X X YS' X: X SX X Ss x wx ' we A m e ...ff A N Q' Xe Sw-gf - X .M gx Ni- Q uv! wx L NN.-N' R.. 5. .1 A x X Q-N Q- , 1 Sw A ve xx X -wi as . Qsxxkm X H , , f V z, L ' ' 1, Mm' v X ,ww W , W we 'V , !,iH,,fY I fx , 1 51 fum vfvf if f ,:f,,,'vf,,, 1 Q ' fv-nf, W-ww ' A, I I , f, 1 41.11-f:4f,'..,,h.,f ,f ,H ,V ,,,, ,Af , , , ,f , ' ' ,...,,,,., ,I x N, . ' ,f f ' f 'Q' v 3' , ..- .plmw-f.wfz,1Z'xnwf,ff.:, f ' , 499 un..,,... , , ' I , f f,iA.Qwz,ma4, 4 ...M 0 gp! 1 I ff H, 2 U X Zfmwfh X .ML ,, f , ,,,W, 4 u-' ,, W K I ' .WL W fm, W! I, .,,..-F J f W2 f, ,ff 1 MMM, A av. Q - w . 5 I ,Wh A , ,.pxQ'4?W ,, yi 'f ,G fm, .M .gf f 1 ffifyff 1 Mfg, 'uw , , ' 'Q 1. 4 we , f f- ff ,,, A, f : ' ,f ' 'gm L ff' , , I' 1 ,, , Q, . M I AW 'arm 1 . ix T - X.- X 51-is w E .N Y, eq X. 1 R if Q 1 X ,NEW .QS r K3 r 1' fir V 1 ffy, I :Lf 16? x wr, . Q' Xv N- QW, .- - X .fmcfmbm .s.....ss,.. uiririr Damaged overhead of hangar deck Damaged overhead of passageway of galley. 'kirir Below, reading from left to right: Damage shot offcers' country. Damage to flight deck. Andn- 1 N I iririr Damaged bridge of Suwannee Record of damage-first attack tit Below, reading from left to right: Damage to hull slain, portside. Damaged yielding element. X ...- ,xt . , .. ..-x.avw'- X t. Xx N: X - 'r F- X 13913 -L . X KK .gi X- as t.tk ,,kg.Q,, W. 553. 3 Ag-T .K . thgre . X A Xe Ll. X. yewfxxg X. 5. .Q Xljxiwxk .K :A X. :..eXwj,mX,1iQ5Q.eX.xei X an .K 1 X- .Q , '+74f3fZ?ff'f'wf Vp f V' f 701 'f- j,ffjayfQ,b7f , ,, ag? 77 A f'f 1 if ,, EW!! ,yffmfiyf gf 'f,'7,'5 2' , 7 , 7 M 4,,4,,,.4, wk. f Q1 f,f,,4.fzg w f f f B O M B FIRST ATTACK HOLE AFTER DAMAGE SHOT OF FORWARD ELEVATOR I I I I I I I I I Q . I I I , II I I 5, I 5 P . I I I I A I I ,Id I , A .. - HM,...,,,,,,, 'm,,:. -- LUWM ,f ,, , ' 'fx f..,..,. V, V I 45,4 V , - J' ' ,' ., , ..-I . A- J E ,. , X Q- Yg,,..-.........-A -I-A A ' 0 ' J. 3-,I-L-'H L- ..- ' I ,, '0,,, ,, .,- --, .. -., -- .-- .-- -.. ,.,.. , W K .-- 1-.f If . ,qw Ip... -. I Y ,I M... Q- -' I ,.,.,...............- I , ' 'rfnm-y f,f ',r1,:4,:,fwmw41u,4 :,4.wf,-, ,.fm,I. Q., ,,,,.,,.. X.,-ty , ll ' A I ww , , A 'H' SN s f 1 'I+ fggyv, f fw' Mn. .,f.',, , I I I p--..-.Q I I I I I .3 1' 37 M9 ,A I I I i II I . 4 I mf , , . ' I ' I Ip, I, - I , I ' 'f f',,I ','fv, I I- , ,I f I,-IIA, ,, :PW 'Aff' I ,rf - - K I' '.,' ' f ,, ,ZI I I , WW' I I iff 3 vc, III, ,, , I 'W IfII A I' ' , , I, - fAfff,w .1 ' I' Z, ,K I , ' ',,IfIff'yw ff' vffw ,, ,I , ' 'I :W Jfgjfif, f I '72 W5 mf I2 C- ,gm QI: f ,Ziff -'KM I, ffrfflylw I M524 ' X 'f' W4 14, WWI 5. ,I II I 'I r M n x K My IW! ':,i:.v ,,. . , fy' -X ,,. . , ,. I 4. , v , ur MZ IIT? 1 'ffm . A f-LAX . -if E 4 ws, x .1 , W., 4 rv, I '- ex. - xl 4 lx... ' K? . .- 'N ., Q . K ..-n W 4 4 5 5 .-- , z iw' ' wk . ': w ': A XIX 1,4 f' 0 ,- A ...- , 1, ., , y- - f ' 2' . 7 ' 1 , , . . , Q -1 ., . may y s - .u V3 H 4, .fm 1 ' 'ATI -. 'M 5 , - J t . V, :Z f J' Q, J' - -axis '7l,.. 4 'Q' , X , ..-, 4 ,. ,1- , N 4 ' v .1 K ,an Wvwvv 4450 ' J 4544- Q .fl X x x xx K X I , xx 1 , 1- -f X . U -x x 5 ,. X .r ad V4 Q vi. . V-we 'lim . , I. 1 4, X M f X Lxstxx' . fn, .,, 5 ,J N, ' x ..l. 1' .5-Qfwzvrv Y' 1- 7 1' ivuvf' An 'inf M...--, nn, vt wr f ,,-,v N K v 7 f 1'-- -1 -. -.,,, an V .51 L.. ,, 1 - !g,,,' f WM' fb, , f f WQQ71 27,01ffliffff?-ff'i:g,Qfj,f' , fg , f 'Zf'?kl7fix Q '7WZ?Qff'Q'G 5 f 2' , ' , 44,1 3 , 7242 f Ljf?f,fg,Qfzf'f4,f, , 14 ' A 'f0f4,,g,7,,ffgVj!f ' 'w,f',ff, ,f wwf V4.7 Q, 9,4 ,V f , Wm'fg'Z2a yff70 f fcfiffwfffff4f,i?ffw2,fffZv,:'y,3.f ff? ff 'fycmwfw , f ,M 'nw-Qff f,44,,:f ww ,f , , f. 'f if, f' f f 17: ' ' 'fm y',,f+Mf1: f f 4,ff,4W,4,,,f.fWf, .4 cw , ,f ,Af , 714, 1 W, ff,,, M, ,,.,, , , , t :cw '-' ,N -, Q ff Wygf, ,f.,,,ff ,, H , Wil W f'-'c ,Cc Kwf f , 2 f' f 47.1310 f, , 1. ' A f,,,,. , 7,55,f4.,f , f , f, f ' X as wk' ff I , K - f :WM .nam , , rw -' fs , L. ,. . ,VB , , y wy- 1 2221 PYT 211 if f THE 5 WANNEE FU SHT 40 HE RESULT V N - , , Wt - Al.. M :Wahl g N ,y 5 nv, 1 I 'V ,, H., F .,1 X L s .. . 7,413 V 0 j A L , ki rf, . . j i Q. 5? I t n W ' 4 , f Sk X mx ,N Q h ., Wa- L www NQXE: ' .Q W, , Q cr' I 1 - Ldikfi '--A -4 W X gf, , Hwfwu ffm ,. , , , f , ' Wfffgf , I, Sfsx 1 X. x ' Es- N... -. 1-t 'W',m x. N' fvxx' irv vp . - ' , ' ' . ii 'Q -Q I '?-ff' ' .. I ffl' ' ' f fy If 7 ,M ., ll '-r1::n2.'D2:5r-5 :2:1:2 v-11: :dm S51 DECK 11 UD 2311 UD Su: sfg- . XXX .XX X X' XEAJI X X X iw X X X X N-XXX --QS Xx -ix Av. X. l YO . A I .. 3, me 1:- R .fy I 'f ff, f .fwfa . , 25 ff If '- f VJ! ,V f A-f 1, fa A4 rine Pat Q E -Q a 'Q E 'C 2 o light .inF TB lf., wh: f ,ww , wiv 1 fQ!'gffkfQf,'f:fZ'y'+ fg 5f6 1 A, f- I f f,,,'w 2 .f'f.,f 7 4 Ah? . 3-if fc V,,ff,:m4ZTM'ef4wf:c,,hA,Nw,4gg I I ,,g,,,,W4gQ,f'5,,3Ml gy? f 1773, 41,5 Ln, , 'V-, ' ihwfyf- W f Q Ny, . 1' 4 I . - A ,,f.f',,,.,, , ' , fw. 1 WN, 'Q - .-ef M- Q Q ,uf , RX V4 . .w, . - M mf , 4 4 Z. Wir'-Q . -qi ,. 1, ,I I, i 1 J 1 N nl ll 5 1 l v I 4' .we-' , sl Q1 ws.-42. M - V v- if . - -.ew -X.:Qrfsf?r w'fm.x- -Q ., ,, . ,,,,,,,,,. L ' wh.. 'ir ' in an ,Q-,W mm' ZX! up ,thu Reading from top to bottom: Briefing of Reading from top to bottom: The take- Pilots. Fighting fire from 100 lb. bomb off. The blue Pacifc. The flight deck- cxplosion. F617-5 barrier crash. 50 a 1,1 ' K fi lvfyf , A .. J ,rm . w t K w X x X- Xxx K5 4 mv, , My ,f . mruff ,, , A 1 fag . v i ' 'J ff K f jf fn, 1 1 4 5 I 1 if n I I I . 5 v N V e 4 B , ,afi u. may X . .Qi 555 A rg . fl wf f, ' W e fa f ffwzy ,Z X ff' f 'VW WXW ' M 751 for 's I I x X x x X Ixxvm Q Swgi ga TY' - . . X X QP X gg Q Z Q X 4 J 10 4 X X X X Q xii Reading from top to bottom: Supply Reading zom top to bottom Pay room. The bake-shop complete with a master 5 domam Tzme out rom Work smile. f 7 .4- f ff? .acpfvn fm ' '7' Wk fdfw, , ,J hx, ,few W, ',,'Vtt3g,jf71'V'fv'w4-fl 'ff 4: ' :fu ' sgfffft, nj ,, f4wf'?232f MW Wah Wwe, L 4:5 'N:-....- -.xx M Q xx xxxxxx I xxx xxxxx x xx -xxxxxx xx xxxfxx XX XXX X .. xxx 'x xx Qxx xxxxf xx -xx Xxx . xx X, Redding from top to bottom: They give Reading from top to bottom: One at a the orders. Loading up. time' A heavy load' w 1 - '3-xsx Lb X - if 'W'rsfsfw-1f 3s-NNE' - ' ' Xmfiliiiffkfiiiixxf 3 N' X A: - -X 3Qfss:Xiii5Qsm.k- - if x-51.3313 5 ' 41 X + 1 f 1 lf Q is A f , , ,Q , 4 w.LQ,2X L f Xi X5 ,W ffl.-fg.fy2i,'v5f ' yi' ,,f'ffgf,,,,2 -fig S 1' ' sv - x V 4 1 W 4.44 ' yn Qi X . . :XVMZg:?fTf'rn.55?5wM7,.,.....i.Ar , W Q xx- w 1 mf ZW, 2 'QQ f,. ' i mxxwmayx .,, . ,,. , ?- L P s 5-4 53. 9 K 4 ...,,-,Y ' 1 .if ,Jim f LQ: .,,fgfA4 1 ..- 3 5, .5 1, 71 W ff Q W ,f , ,v, ' ff , f . V 1 ,' 7 ,V A 'QV' , , mb 4 y, , , My ' 'ff my f Q 1 , WML ' f A 15,9 I wc, flw X 2,47 ff ,,f f , 4, y fy' any-ff , ,ff ,, W, , K f 7772 Af! :Aj A wtf' , 3., , A 4, 4 Wy if , , ,.,, 4 1 ' 1 ' , f ,ff Q :Sf WRX X 'mx X X x Q ,NX 1 W ixxx XX X N aw 1 ,f , Xb ,ff wx: . wif A fl . .Y A P j:,:Tj'Fi.f ' 55533 9 . ' Q X A - Q -wx,wi,:x . ' Y , s .- L 4 A. nf - N 'ii' Q 4 -fiaix A X A ff Alfrpsfff x ,A x X f 5 F! gn - I Q , f , 11 Z Y s 1 1 1 i 3 s E 1 1 ii- Reading from top to bottom: Repair Work. Signalmen on the job ? Re-Arming At Sea Chief At Work UH -'kYV X f ,fag X X5 5. . Q ,wc ,f , 213' Www 5 V 4 -I fy 1 . - f5g,y,, f , Q , h , ,V 4 , , ffwfffff ,ww K . 1.9 5 I E vi X r 2 I V. 5 2 r 5 i I If MAH H AN EU ITIJHISIIULL PHIE D5 Tll II LL A if -QQ J' f Y 4 ,W M, sv I . 1 7 , W ,f 4 f my, , ,WA 64 ,L Z. I. NAM x RQ I f rf .. W V f2fmff 75 'az I K: V K Lf: A' V. I R xx . 'FQLY ,A .. A X 1 Sfvvww X x N lux. X ,ft .SQ .kyg N x ' N5 X k 3 ' xg-wx -,mek XX Q-f X v X X .. is X fx X if 'QM -x R X X wx + . SQ X N51 xwzvg. XT: . .X . bk ,x y 5... Mgnvl ,Y 18 Q' M5711 V f, v 9 x ss A Q . .. . . vw megan Ft I l 'S A E SEEI I -w-A V xi N .X NN .Ni Sw: YO.. Q .. l I Y 1 W W I i 1 e -Q, 'W YUKASUKA WAKAYAMA VIEWS Ill? NA lil snupw 4 fk J I l - 4.145 I s3'1'I'4y ff- ,f : , V f ' ff -xx xx X, . X. X 'R 'K W N 'Q e,, N A XX-N 1-, -- - ., . - A . tux sxsks-MMM I I xwg E U H J N J Z. 15 N Q I A Y , x l g i I I ff ,,, .. H , ,. ,-..... 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