Sumner High School - Maroon and White Yearbook (St Louis, MO)

Text from Pages 1 - 92 of the 1940 volume:

K w,5i,fa'. .15 , 4- , . 42115 f 4 . X4 .GN .. , 'w 1. Lf .' ,gr ' 4 'F ? -ff '-fs 4. -., ,sr H, .XJ- ,.-A L., in .A , P Hours: 9 to 7 Saturday 8 to 9 L o l a W a lla c e CREATIVE HAIRSTYLISTU 4259 W. EASTON FRankIin 7566 I-Iumor Mr. Brown had a bird by the name of Ensa. One day the bird flew away. A few weeks later Mr. Brown had his window up, airing out his room, and Influenza. , Emma Cm, SKEEZIX S BOOTICIANS -l-- We Specialize in Dyeing Womenis Shoes Miss Mitchell: Herbert, in the sentence, Many new Any Color t 1 s of o'ffu es are bein resented ou mis ro- Ladies and Gents Welcome! Cigars, Cigarettes, Magazines and News S Y G C 1 1' g D , y D nounced coiffures. Do you know what it means? A Herbert: Yes, mam, everybody knows that. It's the Pendlefgn Rgld Mgr bell that old-time folks rung when it was time to go ' ' to bed. 0 lj uiunWHQ Page Eighty-eight MAROON AND WHITE BUILDING IS BETTER THAN MENDING BOYS MEN USE YOUR Y PINE STREET BRANCH Y. M. C. A. Year 'Round Program - - - St. Louis' Finest Pool MIXED SWIMMING EVERY TUESDAY AND FRIDAY 7 P. M. TO 10 P. M. Ewing At Pine Teacher: Benny, what is an Adam's apple? Pupil: The apple Adam ate in the garden of Eden. When my little sister was about five or six, she could think of some of the cutest and most unusual things. One day my mother said to her, Audrey, don't you ever do again what you did in front of Mrs. Brown. She'll think that you're half-raised. Well, mother, replied Audrey, I am half-raised: I'm not grown yet. On another occasion mother asked, What shall we have for dinner? I know, Audrey answered, Let's have some cock-eyed peas. Teacher in Chemistry Lab.: Nitrogen was found in the free state and- --. Student: Nitrogen was found not in the free state, Ireland, but in England by Priestley. A small boy walked into a grocery and complained to the storekeeper that the meat that he had purchased was no good. That ham was all right, replied the grocer. The boy was persistent in the fact that meat was no good. Finally, the storekeeper said, was only cured last week. Well, said the boy, It must have had a relapse. the It CI-Iestnut 3314 8:30 to 5:30 p. m.5 Saturday, 8:30 to 1:00 p. m. Compliments of the GENERAL LOAN COMPANY 430 Paul Brown Building Opposite Post Office - - - Fourth Floor MEMBER OF MISSOURI AND AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL LENDERS ASSOCIATION PERSONAL PROPERTY LOANS Ninth and Olive Streets St. Louis, Missouri MAROON AND WHITE Page Eighty-seven Pendleton Pharmacy 4301 EASTON AVENUE A Tailored-To-Measure Suit will fit better, wear longer, and look better. Let Us Make Your Graduation Suit ' 0011, discount to Seniors on Graduation Suitsj Call Us For Delivefry Any Time - Woods Tailoring Co. FRankIin 8169 FRankIin 8234 426' W' Easton Avenue PRESCRIPTIONS OUR SPECIALTY FRanklin 7924 . . . Compliments of . . . LEACOCK SPORTING GOODS CO. ANYTHING IN THE SPORT LINE - SEE Us 921 Locust Street - - - CEntraI 4892 FRankIin 2754 Jliffeirson 1426 Stand 1 .,,,,,,,.,,.,,,,...... Leonard and Delmar S1233 Ziiiiiiiiii ,,.,, 31ii1ii3iegzii1nNtn?10nE5ZZZ A. Russell Undertaking Co. Stand 4 ...............,......,. W. Belle and Sarah UNCORPORATEDJ WYATT'S TAXI SERVICE STATION . B. WYATT, Mgr. OPHELIA WHITMORE, Secy. 1507 Whittier St. Saint Louis 2732 Pine Boulevard NEwstead 3 742 CONTINENTAL CLEANERS, Inc. ALL DRESSES MEASURED BEFORE AND AFTER CLEANING. ALL MINOR REPAIRS FREE. Quality Cleaning Prompt Service 2416-24 N. Newstead Avenue Boy: Ragman, do you want to buy a gas stove? Ragman fwith a big dirty hat onJ: No, sonny, I'd rather buy that hat you are wearing. Scene in chemistry class. Teacher: Raymond, why did you take chemistry? Raymond: Because I like to fool with things. Teacher: You don't fool with things in chemistryg they fool with you if you aren't careful. . . Compliments of . . . LANDAU TOWEL 8x LINEN CO. 80 Dock Street St. Louis, Mo. Page Eighty-six MAROON AND WHITE Compliments of T. ...JEWELER . .. GAl.A'S Expert Watch Repairing - Engraving Stone Setting - Dealer in Fine Watches 4065-67 Easton Avenue and Jewelry . Top Prices Paid For Old Gold Fzner Foods 2229 Franklin Avenue Will Ecker 8x Co. 1 Steel Engraved Stationery 4l4 N. l2th Boulevard WEDDING ANNOUNCEMENTS - - - CHRISTMAS CARDS PARTY INVITATIONS - - - CALLING CARDS - - - COLLEGE INVITATIONS MONOGRAM STATIONERY The reason that they have an i1'on fence around the Confuscious say- graveyard is to keep those out who are just dying to That the reason a girl calls her boy-friend suga1 ' is get in. because he is a refined sap. Special Order Work Cl'lestnut 0090 mzffmn, e SCHOOL RINGS - PINS - MEDALSU 531 Arcade Bldg. St. Louis, Mo. I Compliments ..of... A FRIEND MAROON AND WHITE Page Eighty-five We Printed the Maroon cmd White HHHNH PHINHNE EH. 2331 Pine Street CEntraI 2400 Eghyf MAROON AND WHITE LINCOLN UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI Founded 1866 The School of Law-Saint Louis Liberal Arts Teacher Training Mechanic Arts Business Administration Home Economics The College - Jefferson City For Information Write The Registrar Lincoln University Jefferson City, Missouri MAROON AND WHITE Page Eighty-thre wk 'Q if we 13 , , X r ,A f ' I J, 1 , .QA , Q V is. pg., 445: ' I G 'S A E 5 W A nf' 2 x . A, '-IF? gg tt4,ji 'f sg '51, ij? 33522 , Q yu if . 5: X : ' LJ 5? , :W , J I N Y 1 Eg' 43331 fi 34 gi' .w,,. 5 5 Q 'Q' 4, if in-M5 wb- . . , .M ,, Q f .W J! . 'nf 'A ' Q.. 1. Tired Feet. 2. Love in Bloom. 3. Hittin' the Earth. 4. Caught by the Camera. 5. Posin'. 6. Striding. 7. Struttin'. 8. Freshmen see the new Handbooks. 9. Strolling. 10. Kat Procope. 11. Bench Warmers. 12. Hold that line! 13. Look at the birdie. 14. Making Eyes. 15. Attentive. Duke's Mixture 16. Pretty please! 17. In parade. 18. Play-day Spectators. 19. War-path. 20. Oh! 21. Determined Dwight. 22. Sumner's Perfect Couple. 23. Playday Events. 24. What d'ya know!! 25. Staffers at Work. 26. Three's a crowd. 27. Father Mathematics. 28. Artist. 29. Oomph Girls! 30. Tackle. 31. Caught. fAl1 Index of the Snapshotsj HONORABLE LESTER A. WALTON, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary United Sirrtes--of Monrovia. Liberia A Sumner graduate and speaker at a recent assembly Page Eighty MAROON AND WHITE Poem I have seen shooting stars, I have' watched the sun setg vexed, As I sat in pensive mood Wondering what I would do next. I have seen the sun rise On a world tha.t's full of sorrow, Oh! the beauty I beheld Wondering where I'd be tomorrow. I have seen tides come in From a large and spacious sea, Oh, a trip on this ocean, I wonder will it come to me? Jewel Busch. Awakening Still trees that long have been so bare Lifting silver arms into the air In silent supplication, now quivers While winter falters, then vanishes- And nude boughs blur with buds, And bare fields clothe with grasses, And the slender willow blows ' A mist of red, a mist of rose, And suddenly under the wistful weather The silver boughs a soft green feather. George Price, Jr. Defeat Defeat comes down upon me like the slow And beating rhythm of an autumn rain- A dragging, sagging, seething melody Whose pale and death-like music throbs with pain. Is there no hope for lighter brighter skies? Is there no promise of the future years? Defeat comes down and dulls my aching eyes, And tells me just how futile are my tears. To March Farewell, March, I shall not miss you . When you go- Your changing hours of sun and rain, Of wind and snow. I never knew a more inconstant Friend than you, For you are like a trusted lad Who proved untrue. I hear you, faithless braggart, laughing At my pain, Amused that I should gain my strength From Apri1's rain. But go on laughing: your brief hour ends With the dawn. Farewell, March, I shall not miss you When you're gone. Naomi C. Long. - Silver Rain The silver torrents blur my view, As from my window I gaze, Thoughtfully at its silver hue, Holding sway of a silver day. Like tiny silver soldiers falling Sparkling as it come, Swpreading o'er all a silver pall Of jewel-like silver rain. MAROON AND WHITE George Price. Page Seventy-nine BLUE TRIANGLE CLUB The Blue Triangle Club is a Girl Reserve unit of the Young Women's Christian Association. With its code and purpose To face life squarely and To find and give the best , it attempts to offer girls a chance to lead a useful and happy life. The club is composed of two groups, with a total membership of eighty-three girls. Club presidents are Gertha Lee Brock, Senior, and Doris Richardson, Junior. Club Sponsors: Miss Olive M. Durden and Mrs. Catherine Walker. OFFICERS: Joseph Sullivan, Presi- dent, lbanicl Iiuell, Vice-l're-sidentg Jerome Tyler, Secretary, Iioluert Fa- gen, Treasurer, Earl Livingston, Fin- ancial Secretary. lVll-IMBICRSZ Louis Anderson, XYilberl Banks, Hayman Bell, Edward Baker, Fred Bradley, Thomas Crenshaw, Therion Colm, Clarence Uovin,:'ton, Earl Cook, Iravid Finley, George Flaggs, Robert Fagen, liic-hard K. Fox, XVesley East, lbaniel lliuell, Clif- ton Gates. Lucian Garrett, Richard Hancock, lrlrnest B. Harris, Graythorn Heard, James llurt, George Holt, Lay- ette Jackson, Edward Johnson, Stan- ley Johnson, lflarl Livingston, ltay Little, Albert Lane, NYilliam McAllis- ter, Iiollert Mitchell. I.aValle U'Neal, Albert Parks, llldward Parks, Kenneth Purvis, Birdet Price, John Proeope, Robert Payne, Quentin Rice. George Richmond, Vincent Saunders, Herbert Sharpe, Eugene Smith, Frank Smith, Gerard Smith, Lawrence Still, Joseph Sullivan, Lyle Suter, Jesse Temple, Clester Tme' Jer e 'l le T'l i 1 3, om 5 r, 5 er Reddick, XVilliam XVrig:ht, Roy YVhitc, Lawrence XYallace. O THE SUMNER HI-Y The Hi-Y has had two national conferences at Berea, Kentucky, at which the Sumner Hi-Y Club was representedg the first time by James E. Cook, J r.g the second time by Earl Cook. The national conference this year is to be held at Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, this June, and the Sumner Hi-Y Club will send a representative. ,xwffra 'iii 14 ' X ' in me .L ,,. lXlEMl4EliS: Samuel Bell, Eilwarfl Ul+'l Il'ElIS: Rosa May Pease, Presi- flentg Myron Russ, Sec'1'ct211'yg Jiohert llnzuwl, 'l'reasurerg Allen XYai'1l, Ile- imI'Lt'I'. liranliuni, Leon liruinfielll, .Inst-plius Carter, Uliarlntie t'i'nsue, XX'illie I-'lye, Sylvester Jones, Iluuslun Lawn-renee, Calvin l'i1'liet.t, Earl lluliinsun, NYilliam Seals, XN'illiz1m Smith. ENTOMOLOGY CLUB The Entomology Club was organized March 6, 1940, by Miss O. Merriwether and three scientific-minded students. Successfully the Club advanced until now it consists of fourteen members, and gradually increasing with the interest of its newly entered inquisitors. The purpose of the Entomology Club fcommonly called the Insect Clubj, is: To stimulate those who have already studied or become acquainted with insects so they will Want to organize their information. 0 CORRESPONDENCE CLUB The aim of this club is three-fold. First it aims to promote a better understanding among all high school students through letter Writing. Secondly, it aims to arouse interest in the activities of other students by an exchange of ideasg and thirdly, it aims to develop good citizenship through a better understanding of the problems of other high school students. UlTl4'll'lCllS: ,Xlese lmuan, l'resislm-nt: XYillie Mae llorell, Si'C'I'1 l.Ill'X'. Miss M. Corinne Taylor, Sponsor. NElXll2EliS: Evelyn Hiiller, Salvne Farr, llazvl Farr, Erma E1-lmls. Mar- ion Gregory, Imnal-l llammunnl, XYillie Mae Hurell, Evelyn K'zu'ter. NYillie Mae Jackson, ,Xrzelle .l-ulinswn, Gloria Julinsun, Maxine King, .Xlese Logan, lmris Long, llita Maulnlen, Jessie lm- p.:'an, Nurvelle Clayton, Florimla Miller, liunise Miller, livtly Miteliell, 'Flielnia Morris, .leanne lieynanll, .Xuilrey Rivliie, 'Vurna M. llolsinsnn. Alyrtle lluge-1's, lluliert Saunders, lmtaska Stephens, XYillar1I Smith, View Taylor, Francis Tlimnas, Betty 'l'ul'ian, Mar- cella Xlkisliinglwxn, Mary E. lVllllHlIlS. .1,.n'A.2sI.B!l , FREDERICK DOUGLASS DEBATING SOCIETY In its second year of development, the Frederick Douglass Debating Society has made commendable progress in the art of organized thinking and argumentation. Extensive reading, round 'table discussions, and actual intra-squad debates on current questions of importance have greatly aided in bringing about a much clearer understanding. We competed in the first annual interscholastic state-wide debat- ing contest sponsored by the Missouri State High School Debating League, of which We are a charter member, in May of this year. 'O CHARM CLUB ln ii--' 0FIf'iCl4IRS: l'r0HinlQnt, 'NVCSIO5' East: Vin-e-Presidf-nt, Lawrence Stillg Sec- retary, Dorothy Hayes: Assistant Ser'- retary, Addie Harris: Treasure-r, XVil- liam 1Nlc'.Xllister: Reporter, Jerome NYilliamHg Sponsor, Mr. George B. Stafford. The recently organized Charm Club gives the students of Sumner an opportunity to become more familiar with more important social graces by means of group discussions and dramatizations. Through in- dividual diagnosis, members of the group attempt to correct their Weak points and emphasize their strong points. MITZMBIGIIS: lic-lores Anderson, Clem- entine Bible, Catherine Blackard, Re- becca Brown, George ll3.l1l'1E5', Mar- garet Doss, Helen Greene, Verdia Mae Gridiron, Victor Hancock, Cleatrire Hoffmore, YVilliam lluddleston, Florida Lemons, Alice Mclbaniel, Christine Miller, Betty .lean Mitchell, La Verne Mitchell, Leon Reed, Cleora Roberts, Doris Robinson, Morris Robinson, .io- sephine Satterfiold, Thomas Smith, Annie NVa.shington, Isaac NVehh, Charles XVilson, l'eg.1'p.:'y Ann NYrig'llt. A. K. RIHNIGS, Sponsor. ab.a'x trl+'l l1'ICllS: Ali:-e Lee Bell, lGditor-in- t'hiet'1 Ludwald Perry, Associate lfldi- torg lll5lI'H'2tI'l'l Bowles, Husiness Man- agerg Allene Kni,L1'liten, Assistant Busi- ness Manager: tllivia Banks, t'lulvs Set-retary. The reporters elassified are: St rt'Il41'l'Y: lirmine Bush, Lucille Long. Sl'1lll'I'S: t'ainilious Edwards. S'l'l'IvI4IN'l' t'0l'Nt'lL: Lawrence Still, Jerome XX'illiains. lll'AlHll: Margaret Ibunean, Mildred lleetor, Artie Adele Johnson, liolvlvie Mae Green. ASsu1'IA'l'lfI U1 rN'l'l2lHt l'HlIS: .lane Bowles, Naomi Long. Fl4IA'l'I'lll'I XYl:l'l'l'lllS : Juanita Black- ard, 'l'herion t'ohlv, 'l'Yl'lS'l'S: llerhert B, t'aruthers, GeoI'f,L'e Noftoll. CLVHS: Vordelia Bell, Lenetta Brook- ens. LIHIIAIIY: Gertha 13I'4lCk. AI'l1I'l'UI:ll,'M ANI1 A ll V1 S U H Y Glt1ll'l'S : Yvonne Keaton, Avis Martin. CLASS ANIP G lfl N IC ll A L NICXVS: Kathryn Koss, Vanita Hollins, Sun- etta Walker, Eloise Carr, Alice lwavis. Ilazel Jones, Gladys Hulbert, Maud Jones, Guyrena Knight, Berenice Per- kins. W l'lttlHF HEAIPICR: Rosemary Shelton. HOME l1It?UNtrlNIICS Lois Anderson, Constance Hoffman, Nettie Marie Cody. THE SCOOP CLUB The Scoop Club grew from a group of reporters, assisted by faculty members, who have for two years presented school news to the general public. O THE MAROON AND WHITE BOOSTERS The Maroon and White Boosters was organized in 1927, for the pur- pose of making every activity in Sumner a success. The club is one of the oldest and most popular clubs in Sumner. It was this club, through its Annual Kidland Party, that made it possible for Athletic Association to present letters to the Football Championship Basketball and Track men. W-WWF .ima l ' tbFIf'lf'l'1liS: Little li. llurdle, l'resi- dent 3 James MelYilliams. 'Vive-l'resi- dent, Ann Hamilton, See ret a r y' George Price, Assistant Sec-retaryg llewitt Harman, Sergeant - at - Arms , Frank Smith, Assistant Sergeant-ab Arms. A. S. Jackson, Sponsor, AIIGMBICIIS: Mary Anderson, Clara Alexander. Ilaniel Austin. Marie Aus- tin, Mart-ella Hll'lL1'llil.ll'l. Mary Brown, Franees Brown, l-Edna Bowers, Ida Bea Bowers, lrlinma Brooks, Nora Buckner, Lueille Hush, Vernon Butler, lflinily Uaston, Augustine Fry, Sarah Good- man, lrorothy Greenfield, lravid llaley, llelen Henley, llelen llendrieks, Bessie llull. Audrey llunt, Mary .Iohnson, Alagaline Johnson, liuth Kemp, Arthur Kirk, Mary Lois Matthews, Calvin Merriweather, lilanehe Nelson, Geral- dine l'rin,gle, liuluen Proudie, Marjorie Perry, Gwendolyn Hand, Laura liad- ford, lrlrnestine ltohinson, Samuel liiehardson, Muriel Iioherts, Grave Ray, Herbert Sharpe, Joseph Straw- hridue. Katherine Sheeley, Ruth Saun- ders, Minnie Summers, t'harles Stur- geon, XYilIiain Stevely, Zenolria Tay- lor, liolline Taylor, Harriett Trueloye, Ada Washington, INlai'gai'et Wilson, Gladys lYilson, Lorine XYilson, ller- sehel XYilliams. Verleen XX'illiains, llazel Whitmore, Lorraine XYoodson, Samuel Wright, Samuel Young, OFFICERS: NVesley East, President: George Sleet, Vive-Presidentg Rema Bell, Secretary, Miss A, M. Parker, Sponsor. MEMBERS: Antonio Anderson, Mar- garet Anglin, Lester Barry, Alma Bell, Julius Bell, Vera Bolar, James Bowles, Fred Bradley, Bennie Burrell, Ermine Bush, George Carper, Ruth Carroll, .Iames Chinn, Orvelle Collins, Bessie Colter, .Iames Ile Clue, Cyrena Doxey, David Finley, Gwendolyn Fox, Sarah Freeman, Mary Lee Gaikins, Mischa Garrett, Rosie Lee Gillespie, Frances Gotier, .ltichard Hancock, George Has- kins, llorothy Hayes, Alvin Hill, Net- tie Jolmson, Shirley Johnson, Marcella Jones, Charles Macklin, Madge Mc- lfllroy, Mary Myers, Nl'illiam McAllis- ter, Joseph Nash, Louise Price, NVil- lette Pyles, Doneva Skinner, Barbara. Smith, Helen Starks, Margaret Stevely, Lawrence Still, John Squires, Virginia Suggs, Theodore Thompson, Gladys NYells, Henry NVells, llllizaheth XVal- lace, Marcia XVashington, llortense XVatkins, Ardelle XVhitmore, Jerome XVilliams, Uuida NVilkins, Lorraine XYoods. STUDENT COUNCIL The work of the Student Council this year has emphasized the re- vision of the Handbook and the formation of student advisory groups, which acted as big brothers and sisters to help new pupils to adjust themselves to the school. Olf'l It'lCllS: Cordelia Bell, President: Mellma lilvans, Vice-Presi-lent: Hous- ton Grvy, Secretary: Mary XYQ-akley, Assistant Secretaryg Alma Bell, Re- 1ml'LOl', MICMBIGIQS: Margaret Anglin, Mar- garet Bowles, Lillian Buchanan, Mary Elizabeth Bozeman, Myrtle Cloud, Vivian Cook, Beatrice lvuValle, Gwen- dolyn Fox, Alberta Franks, Ernest llarris, llldward Johnson, Nettie John- son, Albert Kelly, Louise Price, Mil- dred ltector, Barbara Smith, Audrey Smith. 3lHl',LZ21l'f3t Steyely, Ada .lane Townsend, .Jerome Tyler, Suzanne Wallace, Jerome XX'illiams. Members not in the photograph are: Marianne Panty. Irene Vtany, Irene Dunlap, Myrtle Mayhew, Gloria Sadd- ler. Gloria Saunders, La Verne Scott and Dolores Watson. Miss B, L, Pat- terson, Sponsor. 0 LE CERCLE FRANCAIS En forgeaut on devient forgeronn Le Cercle Francais has lived up to its motto, One learns by doing during the past year. The first project of the spring was the Valentine Party by which funds are raised to purchase illustrative materials for the foreign language department. On March 27, Le Cercle Francais, assisted by students in the French classes, presented two one-act playlets, Le Vingt-neuf Fevrier , and Vive la Musique , in the auditorium. T151 v.. D11 0lf'l ll7lCltS: Olivia Banks, President, Dorothy XVillianis, Vice - President, Caroline Moss, Sec-retaryg Dorothy King, Treasurer, .Juanita XVebl1, Re- porter. A. R. Holmes, Sponsor. M ICM RIGIIS: Lillian Alexander, Portia Bady, Alby Baker, Olivia Banks, Augustine liilile, Ruby Bradshaw, Inez Bruce, Mildred Butts, Jeanette Cook, Mildred Cook, Melanie Cotton, Esther lleaner, Bertha Euell, Marg.:'a1'et Ew- ing, Fannie Fayne, Bernice Goodman, Juanita llarris. Udella llarris, Muriel llopson, Mag'p.:'ie lsalmell, .lewel Jones, Dorothy King, Zelina Larkins, Ger- trude live, Evelyn Lewis, Rosemary Martin, Marion Mitchell. Maryella Moore, Vivian Moore, Caroline Moss, Gloria Myers, Norene Polk, Cornelia President, lmris Shavers, Marie Shep- pard, Mattie Storey, Loretta M. Tay- lor, Mary lil. vlli-lXl1'iI', Ruby Villars, Ullie Washington, Juanita XVebb, Marneve White, Sadie XYhite, Hester XX'hiti'ield, llorotliy Williams, Mildred XYillis. THE GIRLS' GYM CLUB The Girls' Gym Club consists of 46 members. The club is under the sponsorship of Miss A. B. Holmes. After six weeks of work in the Sumner High School, Miss Holmes presented The 1940 Girls' Gym Club Variety Program . The program consisted of six divisions - Danish Dance of Greeting, Athletic Line Routine, Pyramid Building, Precision, Stunts, and The Maroon and White Hoop. Twenty-two members of the club made the program go over with great success. Those that participated were: Alby Baker, Olivia Banks, Inez Bruce, Jeannette Cook, Melanie Cotton, Bertha Euell, Fannie Fayne, Juanita Harris, Evelyn Lewis, Rosemary Martin, Marion Mitchell, Vivian Moore, Caroline Moss, Cordelia President, Doris Shavers, Mattie Story, Mary Taylor, Mary Traylor, Juanita Webb, Hester Whitfield, Dorothy Williams, and Dorothy King. 0 GIRLS' RHYTHMIC CLUB HONOR SOCIETY The Sumner Chapter, No. 81, of the National Honor Society, is an organization composed of pupils elected on the basis of Character, Leader- ship, Scholarship, and Service. Although there are some special projects sponsored by the members of this society, yet each individual member continues his activity in other organizations of the school. 0 GOLF CLUB HFFILTIGIISZ .Iolm Staples, lxresinlcnlg llaviml lfinlcjv, Vice-l'i'esiilcnl3 Alice Hell, Secretary: Iilizalmetli Wallace, ,XSHNIHUI Sl'f'l'0lilI'Y. MIGMBIGIIS: Alice Hell, .lane liowlcs, Sarah lfrveilian, llavid Finley, Guy- rcna Knight, Allenc Kniglitcn, Mary Myers, .lean Uliver, XYilll-tle Vylcs, lf'i'ancis Simms, George Sleet, John Staples, Mable 'I'rcauil, Iilizalmeth Wal- lace, .Xrllell XYliitinorc. MICMBIGHS Ol' 'l'lllC LTUllNl'll.Z Bliss Golda lll. l'rutcher, Miss Grace 1.. Nichols, Mr. XY. li. Skinner. llliss XYill- I'E'Y'IEf ld. XXHHNIS, Sponsor. MF. G. Il. Brantley, llI'lUl'llPiil. There is a definite trend toward socialization in our modern second- OFFICICIKS : President, Georgina Roth- schild: Vice-Vresiilent, Velma Burton, Secretary, Monzella Lee, Reporter, Rowena XVilkenson, Tournament Iri- rcctor, Gloria Surgest. MIGMBICNS: Louis Anderson, 'Pheo- flore Chambers, Houston Clark, Vir- ginia Cook, James lravis, llaniel liuell, Iloscoe Evans, Ernest llarris, Myrtle Harris, Alberta. Haynes, Ira llenrler- son, Alberta Holloway, Katie Mae Jackson, Irene Jackson, Constance Nortliington, George Norton, Lullwahl Perry, lilwooil Powell, Nona Raslierry, Ruth Tutt, Roy YVhite. ary schools in an attempt to bring boys and girls together for participa- tion in sport activities with a carry-over suitable for continuance after school years are past. The Sumner High School Golf Club offers such advantages, by affording Wholesome recreation Well adapted to both sexes and all ages, by developing finer appreciation of sportsmanship and con- sideration for others, and by affording an opportunity for beneficial social associations in a healthful and attractive environment. The Sum- ner High School Golf Club was organized in February, 1935, by our sponsor, William T. Smith, Jr., for the purpose of promoting the sport of golf as a Worthy use of leisure time. lvl ff if 'Fw 4 9 2 -'fwifieia52fPwW2s1v MEMBERS: Edward Jhonson, Jerome Johnson, Benjamin Tutt, Earl Miller, XYarrlell Payne. Earl Megg'erson, James llurt, Lionel Greene, Earl Greenfield, Vincent XVilburn, Page Ilec-kersun. John Vrncnpe, .lesse 'Fem- ple. Daniel Austin, Carl Williams, Ric-harnl Nevils, Isaac XYliite, Howard Fisher, James Hampton, Ernest Har- ris, Murray Shaw, 'Plinnias Harris, Eugene llahy, Albert Taylor, Vincent Atterherry, .lack Uasey, Gladys Pierce, Nettie .Iohnsun, Sylvia Hoyll, 'Thomas f're-nshaw, XYilliam Hammon-I. Eliza- beth l'l'ic'e, Aurlrey Smith, Alive Nur- tis, Kathleen Petway, Annie Mae Alw- ernathy, Yirtrue Graham, Ulara 'Pomp- kins, Hester XVI1itfiel1ls, Elizabeth Ivennis, Vavla Green, Mary Jackson, Sallie Ilmzan. Bernice Rell, Flew Bridges, .Xuuustine Bible. Mary Mont- :.:'lmiery, Vatlierim' Illrlwaruls, Jeanette I-Ivzins, Myrtle XVhite, Marion Hosley, Vivian Allmre, .X-lflie llarris, Caroline Moss, XY. Iv. Xl'uIton, Sponsor. JUNIOR CHOIR 0 THE INSTRUMENTAL DEPARTMENT I The Instrumental Department of Sumner, under the direction of Mr. Stanley Lee Henderson, consists of the following divisions: Beginners' Band, Junior Band, Senior Band, and the Senior Orchestra, the Orchestra being the advanced organization. The band and orchestra have won honors in city and statewide com- petition, winning three trophies, and a trophy and two medals by Gwendolyn Fox and George M. Hall, soloist. The band was this year chosen as the best concert band in the state. f Mme' ' gr Wvl SUMNER A CAPPELLA CHOIR MlG3IBlGllS: Marcclle Poole, June Bates, Margaret Greenlee, Ruth Trice, Maxine Travis, Bertha liuell, Rebecca Brown, Yirdie llalloway, Gwendolyn liumiilxins, Uphclia Greenlee, Julia James, lflorida Lemons, Ruth Salin- ders, Margaret Ivnncan, Alice Jackson, Ada Townsend, Minnie Summers, Katherine Thompson, lrorothy XVil- liams, Yvonne Fairbanksulennie Swan, Virginia lirown, .lime Wallace, .lane Bowles, lflssie Green, Joyce Pickens, Helen Hendricks, Susie Nall, Mary Stone. Narene Polk, Rlagaie Isabell, l'harIott.e llarvey, Henrietta Nostan. Gladys Hulbert, Avon Shavers, limily Caston, Odie Mae lnumas, Gloria Sur- gest, Hazel ll'hitmore, Muriel Hopson, Mil lreil Walton, Mary Suttles, Marion fflfallon, Barbara Peck, ldlizabeth Ill:-.Xllistr-i', Margaret Goward, lroris Burnside, Vera James. Thelma John- son, Barbara Price, Annie lithridge, llellane Reed, Mildred Davis, Mafalda Holloway, IG m a pq' e n e lYitherspoon, 1'atherine lidwar-ls, Lois llillard, Ger- aldine Hodges, Joyce Holland, Maud Ella 1-taker, Anna Gladney. XV. lv. NValt0n, Sponsor. GIRLS-Annie Abernathy, Marg.:'a1'et Anderson, Lucie Berry, Virginia Burn- side, Velma Burton, Janet Busch, Thelma Bush, lleloise Carr, Myrtle Cloud, Mildred Uraddocli, lfllizalieth llennis, Charity lliekerson, Irene hun- lap, Mae Belle lrunlap, Edne Sue Ful- bright, lboris Gray, Vada Green, Yvonne Ghoston, Viola llardy, Addie Harris, Ilorothy Hayes, Mamie Hub- bard, lrlula Johnson, Nattie Johnson, llorthy King, lnita Kirtley, Alle-ne Iinighten, Naomi Long, Avis Martin, Marvell Mingro, Betty Mitchell, Vivian Moore, Caroline Moss, Marjorie Perry, lweane Poole, Mamie Prince, Bessie Pruitt, Cornelia President, Jeane Rey- naud, lioris llicherson, .Iacquelyn Rid- dle, Virgie Robinson, Mildred Roper, Ida Schafer, Rose Mary Shelton, For- rest Smith, Irene Taylor, Clara lfltta 'l'hoin1rkins, lvelores Watson, Georgia XYatson, Sunetta Walker, Vivian lVat- kins, Myrtle XVhite. BOYS: James Abernathy, Antonio Anderson, Julius Bell, Oliver Bordingq- ham, Egbert Brady, Herbert Uaruth- ers, Therion Cobbs, Thomas Davis, .lames liu Maine, llaniel l-luell, Alex- ander lflvans, Robert Fagen, David Finley, Richard Fox, Lucian Garret, Curtis Glover, lronald Greene, XVil- liam Hamilton, James Hampton, Rich- ard Hancock, Floyd Hart, Elmer Hayes, Stanley Johnson, Walter Lay, Woodfin Lewis, Earl Miller, Dwight Mcllaniel, Robert Morton, Harlow Mosley, Fred Payne, Robert Penny, Birdet Price, John Procope, Tyler Redrlick, Wayman Reed, John Reid, Ilubert Reynold, Quentin Rice, Billie Russell, August Robinson, Chester Sanders, Brockman Schumaeker, Guy- ton Swan, Albert Taylor, James Tur- ner, Joseph Well, XVallaee lVest, Jacob XVilliams, James XVilliams. XV, ll, NValton, Sponsor. 'l'l1i1'-I row: Inu-ian flELI'l'l'll, Sandy ilk- 25593 QK'2Q,'if'9.vU ' f J mE1f?f'f'f 'Wf X R EQ? 6.355511 ,yi 2,,, ' I Y AF' LFQY' 2'5'3'.l I4 lrst rum' llvI't tu Viglull 1 l,rux'1'1:m-u as ffl , .vi . -I f .N XXzillzu'1', 'l'llIllllllS Suugs, llzuwvlll Wriulit, .luv Stiuwllrillge-, Ivzlnivl Austin, lflinuun Ilurris, lllzirl Gweli- fivlnl, Ilvwitl. Ilavmzui, lllllwarll Hsin- lmw, llcwlwl Sliurp, lien Alassvy. Sw-nxnl rww: Gv1vI'x0 'l'uf'lu31', Yun llun NX'illizuns. llzlyiiiun livll, llavirl Fin- lvy, f1t'HI'2L' llult, Benny Burrcll, lwwill Gralim, Uliarlvs Stiirgvuii, Suinul-l XYar1l, Autlml' XYilIiams. Uzlllivut, .lainus NYilliams, Birmlet l'I'i4-0. lmwis Curry, Jusliua XX'ea, liusww Illvans. Sanford XYhit0. Fuurtli row: Mr. Mawlson, Frank XVest, .Iaines .Xve1'natlxy, Iieginalwl Kim- l1i'uup.:'li, liuolwr XYasl1in::t.un, Beckett, Clinton Farniss, liarl NYU- Mr. mack. Simon XViIlia1ns, Lewis Polk, Mr, Smith. O TRACK TEAM FOOTBALL TEAM M IGMBIGILSZ .lamvs Hurt, Ilulwrt Hicfks, John lXIQI'I'lWt'21llll'l', .Izlnws XVuz'tl1, Hlivvr HHI'1liY'l2ll2llN, NYallzu'0 Ilia-liclwvn. Bunker' xVl1Sllil12UlYl, llay- mnnml llammunml, .lulin Squire-s, Val- vin GwlXX'iil'll, Lawronvv Wullamv, lflnyml Battle, llalpli Smith, San-likml White, U'21lLt'I' llonvlviwmn, lm Mun IiuluIuinS, .Iamcs XYillian1S, Gemrgv IlulL, llzlvill Killelurcn, B rovk man S1'lllll!l2lK'll0l', Birllvt l'rim'9, 1:iC'lIHI'll lfnx, .lm-I Vrvvli- roll. XYilliam 'l'llI'Ilf'l', lflilwaiwl Bell, Lyle' Suu-V, Llll'lllS fl21l'l'k'll, Phillip Ilennis, Salnnwl Alillur, Mc-Ivin Gmul- win, llarlmx' Mosby, lioulwn l'Vmnlie, Jainvs Nvlsun, Iluwarll l i!4lll'l', Mc'- Kinlvgr XYilliams, llmwly llmliiv, ln-un llussvy, Julin llullsun. Bottom row tleft to rinrhtb 2 ll. Tyler Third row fstandingb: J. Proctor THE NEGRO HISTORY CLUB The Negro History Club has made considerable progress this year. From a very small number of members of last year, the enrollment has been increased to more than thirty. The club aims to bring to light, achievements of Negroes of the past and to discuss problems of the present time, especially Where Negroes are concerned. During the past year papers were read on the life and Work of Benjamin Banneker, Paul Lawrence Dunbar, Booker Washington, and others. We shall continue to search the past history of the Negro, with a desire to achieve more in that respect, and with the aid of many publi- cations, from time to time, to keep pace with the present progress of the Negro as well as his past history. 0 OFlf'1Ul'lllS : lilvn-lyn Arnold, Presi- dent 5 Ul'U3i1l21 Bell, Secretary and Treasurer. XV. Beatty, Sponsor. MIGMBEIISL lllvclyn Arnold, Oneida Boll, Beach Brock, Martha llolsey, Lillian Proctor, Ethel XX'illiams, Har- riet XVillia1ns, Ada XYhite, Maxine Comer, Marion Johnson, Nellie Kiel, Hazel Butts, Emmett Proctor, Han- nan Villa, Vanessa Williams, Alvan Vaughn, Louis Thomas, Alexander Johnson, Ahneta Jackson, Marie Fran- ces noram, Harold llenry, XValter Ilenry, Vernon Charleston, Clava Car- ter, livelyn Hayllem, NVillie Mae Palmer, Helen Chatwell, Bernard Cov- ington, Doris lialls, Randolf Thomas, Ernest Robinson, Jocha. VVilliams. SUMNER STATE CLASS A CHAMPS-1940 A Weary But Happy Group E Forward, C. lluvallv, Forward, H Proudie, Guard. Standing! A. S. Jackson, Faculty lvlanagrer, L. l'. Garrett, Coach, F Battles, Forward, H. Hughes, For- ward and Center, L. XYallace 4Co- Captainj, Guard, J. Jones fCo-Cap- tainb, Guard, A. Kirk, Forward, li Cook, Center, XY. Chambers, Stu- dent Manager. Forward and Center. 4 72 'N I: gi 5 ,. 9 ca M f th .glkw 251 l 393' : 7he WW Qwimd The theme of the Ninth Annual May Fes- tival was Spring Flowers. This theme was wisely chosen and it was magnificently por- trayed on May 12, 1939, in a colorful, spec- tacular spring carnival which was witnessed by a large crowd of citizens. Followed by their maids and attendants, the retiring queen, Gertrude McCellan, and the retiring spirit, Edward Edmonson, entered. Everyone watched the new sovereigns as they made their grand entrance, Olean Scott, the queen, and William McAllister, the spirit. After the coronation ceremonies, some May Festival customs were presented, including a May Pole dance, a Well Festival, and a Spring dance. About one hundred and five pupils appeared in the carnival, the most of them taking part in the Parade of Flowers in which sixteen states of the United States and fifteen foreign countries were represented. After this part of the program, a large portion of the crowd slowly made its way into the building to ob- serve some of the other interesting features of the Festival. were accustomed to dressing this Way in the Yes, the black immigrant, just as other tropics, they were chided by their American groups of foreign-borns, has contributed his brothers who found them very amusing. Now very best to make America a better place in the style, once mocked, has been adopted for which to live, wear by all races of the United States during the hot sultry days. Ruth Thompson. 9 N! 6-Qelcfcwfflfeqfzcagmmwa 5 ,liz lx-,fjp fl-Eom3i Q---HAIRX f l fit . ., K x :O fn uw aoiizzacn s f X l if 1 gf - , .i 5 li' U 0 4 l A-L ' i ., F J I y A fn -W f i t w H O c I V ' 'V A ' f + l 'i 'i 1. - .. i H122 l , 1 ' ' 4 : 'l 1 r , if ' ' H N I 1 it Lk ' .- 4:11 ,J The Black Immigrant America plays an all important part in the meeting and welding of races. The colored races are no exception. These seekers of destiny have come from the far corners of the world, bringing with them their fine gifts of their native lands. Our great port of New York calls them from Slpain, France, the Guianas, Arabia, Denmark, Portugal, Britain, and Africa. With them they bring traces of their quaint folk life and traditions. The largest number, from British West Indies, come for economical and educational advant- ages offered in the United States. Next in number are the Spanish-speaking natives of the Virgin Islands, who take an intelligent and active interest in affairs of their former homeland. They are tireless in their eEorts to establish civil government instead of the naval administration now in existence. These black foreigners who are usually lean, sunburnt, quaint of manners and speech, con- stitute a total population of 73,803 in the United States. From the year of 1920 to 1923 the foreign born Negro population increased nearly 4071. But this increase was not per- manent because 207p left during that period, leaving a net increase of 24,000 for the three years. Today, in Harlem alone, there are about 35,000 foreign born Negroes. It is this body of black immigrants that make New York so unlike Pittsburgh, Washington, Chicago, and other cities with large American Negro populations. For the first time here they are in contact with American Negroes and Amer- ican race prejudice. They find it hard to segregate themselves into colonies. Their too- dark complexions make it impossible to pose as Cubans or other alien-tongued foreigners, thus their adjustment to American life be- comes a task. Since the largest number of black foreigners come from the West Indies, we should be interested in learning more about them. To the average American Negro all English- speaking natives are West Indians. It is generally thought that there is everything in common among these people. This is not true. The West Indians classify themselves as being either Antiguans or J amaicans. The barriers: geographical, political, and cultural separations make them form entirely different character- istics. However, their social grouping is determined by family connections, education, wealth, and power. This social grouping does not hold to the physical barriers mentioned. Hence, one may occupy the lowliest to the most exalted position in society, whether he be an Antiquan or a Jamaican. This social bar- Page Sixty-four rier that separates the colored aristocrat from the laboring class is almost unsurmountable. But in America the lowliest West Indian learns to assert himself. For over one hundred years the West In- dians have played a most important role in American Negro life. John Brown Russwurm, a Jamaican, one of the founders of Liberia, was the first colored man to be graduated from an American college and to publish a news- paper. This was in 1827, sixteen years before the first Odd Fellows' Lodge for Negroes was organized in New York by Peter Ogden. John W. A. Shaw of Antigua, who in the early nineties, passed a Civil. Service examination, became deputy commissioner of taxes for Queen's County. The West Indian's contri- butions to the Wealth and power of the United States has not yet been realized. It was the 'black men of the Caribbean who made the union of the Atlantic and Pacific possible by their intelligence and muscular endurance during the building of the Panama Canal , said Major-General Goethals, chief engineer and builder of this magnificent project. Since these people come from lands where they experienced no legalized social or occu- pational handicaps, they find it hard to adapt themselves to the customary tasks reserved for Northern Negroes. Having a distinct dislike for menial labor and being carefully trained for skilled trades, they apply for po- sitions that the average Negro has been taught to believe restricted to white alone. This persistence in fighting restricted labor has opened new fields of employment. They ven- ture out in business, such as jewelry shops, fruit stands, grocery stores, and tailor shops, while the American Negro usually dominate those businesses where competition from other groups is small-barber shops and poolrooms. The Antiquans and Jamaicans are, on the whole, homeloving people, fond of sports, but lacking a sense of humor falthough Bert Wil- liams, world's greatest Negro comedian, was born in the Bahama islandj. They save their earnings and send a large part of it home to their kinsmen. There is a distinct difference between the West Indian's and the American Negro's form of religion. While the former is restrained in his emotions, the latter has a tendency to indulge in displays of emotionalism bordering on hysteria. The West Indians originated the style of wearing white shoes and light flannel pants during the summer months. Although they MAROON AND WHITE A Glorious Awakening The day was one of rare beautyg the hour was a most convenient one, and I was very drowsy. Settling myself in my favorite chair, I prepared for a little nap. Suddenly I heard the babble of voices and before I knew it I was surrounded by a group of my friends who were pulling me out of my chair. They wanted me to go swimming with them. This sounded rather refreshing, so I agreed to the hilarious plan. With carefree abandon, our swimming toggery in bags, we tramped through the house to the waiting jalopy. We rode past the crowded and stifling city streets where unkempt children were playing. We rode past slovenly and slightly inebriated men who were conversing on the street corn- ers. We rode past filthy and tumbled down tenament houses reeking with pungent odors. We rode past depressing and degrading sights to the fresh country air, green grass, shady trees, chirping birds and beautiful flowers. This was truly God's country. We basked in the glow and peace of this refreshing environ- ment. Feeling rather thirsty, we stopped at a road- side inn and obtained a few bottles of soda. After hurriedly consuming it, We went on our way once more. Past the orchards, past the barns, Past cows and the fields of corn. Onward! Onward! Faster still, Around the bend to the old red mill. Hurry! hurry! for goodness sake, Soon we'll reach our cherished lake. Suddenly the jalopy, christened Old Faith- ful, evidently grew weary of her load, for she gave away. With a wheeze and at cough she refused to bear us any longer. She was as dead as a door nail. The driver got out to investigate. He tinkered with the spark plug, the fan belt, and various other mysterious parts of the automobile. After giving up hope of restoring life to Old Faithful, he be- gan to beg us for assistance. We got out and walked around the car, looking intelligent and eyeing it with suspicion and disdain. Sud- denly someone had a brainstorm and investi- gated the gasoline supply. To our surprise we found the tank was empty. A collection was taken up and a delegation was sent to secure the cherished fluid. In their absence the remainder of us sang loudly and lustily to pass the time away. With a song in our hearts and a crack in our voices, we welcomed the gasoline bearer. MAROON AND WHITE Painfully and slowly we continued on our way. Finally, we reached our cherished lake. The sunlight on the water gleamed and glist- ened. The wind made ripples on its surface. The tantalizing swishing and gurgling of the water made us race to shelter and don our swimming paraphernalia. Frivolous, hilarious, and energetic, we splashed about in the water. The cool and delicious feeling of water on one's lurid and sweaty body had a soothing sensation. With closed eyes and lazy strokes, I swam toward the middle of the lake. The current was taking me swiftly to my destination. I had no idea that I had traveled such a long distance until I attempted to stand up. My feet went down and the previously soothing waves turned to violent and terrifying water. Fran- tically I kicked and struggled. I reached the surface and gasped for air. I was under again. After kicking with all my might, I came up for air the second time. As the water closed about me, again I remembered having heard that the third time to go under was the last time. With all my power and strength, I struggled and kicked. Suddenly, I awoke with a start and gazed into the face of my mischievous brother, who had been dashing cold water on my face. With a sigh of relief, I lay back in my chair and said, That is what I call a glorious awak- enin-g. M ary Turner. Emotion Of all the things for which I care, The gifts our Lord has given, Winter's wind pure driven snow In silver fingers from my eaves, On my windows delicate filegrees. A poignant feeling in my breast, As a shy young violet does its best, And singing birds take wing To announce the recent arrival Of the beautiful lady spring. There's something about a summer's Day that fills my eyes with tears, Causes my heart to overflow, As peaceful clouds sail in blue skies And gentle breezes blow. George P1-ice, Jr. Page Sixty-three The Voice of Freedom When we consider the elements guiding and influencing the progress of America's most oppressed minority group, we cannot forget the one great factor of law. Civics tells us that law is the rule by which the people of a community, locality, or nation should govern themselves. However, it is evident that many of these laws in the majority of our com- munities do not apply to the Negro. In giving the black man of this nation his freedom seventy-five years ago, the white master kept two strikes against him, and both of these were law. Under the leadership of the fore- most members of our race and with the aid of many liberal white-blooded Americans, the Negro has not struck out yet. Instead, we have ventured into the field of law, the only means by which we can annul the white man's curse. In the first few years after the emancipa- tion, the Negro lawyers' struggle to maintain a professional foothold in the United States almost resulted in failure and the ultimate decrease in civic privileges. One of the def- inite causes which retarded the Negro lawyers' progress was, he could not get enough support from either the white or his own race. In studying law, the black man made the first mistake of practicing without regard to his own people. He prepared himself for a career of lawsuits, business disputes, and criminal defense. When the chief need of the majority of the Negroes for lawyers were for to obtain equal privileges and equal justice, the early colored barman was not prepared for the tricks and discriminations practiced in the southern courts of uneven justice. Another mistake practically fatal to our newly acquired freedom was the venturing of every Negro lawyer into the field of politics, which at that time was more corrupt than it is in the present decade. Many of our race survived the political struggle and emerged victorious in the managing of our government. Such notable lawyers as John H. Smythe, our first colored minister to Liberia, T. Morris Chester, an Arkansas officer of the reconstruc- tion period, John R. Lynch, and John M. Langston, congressman, and several other diplomats, reformers, and United States Army officers. All of these were graduates of law. To the very few barmen who had wealth enough to withstand the ordeal of a simple practicioner's career, we owe thanks for the first major step in breaking down the barriers of general discrimination existing largely in the U. S. A. Since the black -people could not Page Sixty-two K support a law school graduate, he was forced to take up another profession, or enter into the already discussed political field. Those who went into the latter class usually found service in the government. 'There they helped considerably to equalize the opportunities of the colored American. But these men were out of the field of law. The former class of graduates, those who prepared for a sideline profession to keep them going, were the ones that struggled with the tricks of' corrupt justice to destroy the evil forces working against our race. Gradually, as the Negro lawyer was forced out of politics, he was compelled to take his place beside these struggling barmen. In the late nineties, our lawyers made bold strokes for equal liberties. Continually, through the years they have been educating themselves for the task of breaking down a two hundred year old institution prejudice. Much success has resulted in the North, but the South is left as a future test of their actual ability. Can our black mouthpieces of Liberty, Justice, and Fraternity carry on the courage- ous fight in the future as they have in the past? Can they surpass the many triumphs over prejudice? The Negro has often found it necessary to apply the methods of criminal barmen to escape the loopholes of the white man's law. The fight for entrance into colleges, Army Institutions, equal business opportuni- ties and government positions have all been successful to a large degree. Now with their dark eyes to the South, the Negro lawyers are making another gallant thrust and this time they have a black minority which is more able to support them. Lawrence Still. Canossa I've been to Canossa, I've know its death-cold snows And misty winter skies. I've been depressed, Suffered pain that cut as deep As the snow itself. I know just what it means To find life's sweetest dreams Cannot come true. But I've hoped against Canossa's blinding storms And lo, I am the Victor! W MAROON AND HITE Finding Inspiration by Press It is true that the Negro race has progressed since its emancipation, but there is much to be done towards his improvement. Because certain ambitious and far-seeing individuals have journeyed on ahead, the race has been given a path on which to follow. To help him along, new fields of work are continually be- ing opened up to him. We find that in the realms of education, with which we are im- mediately concerned, the newspaper has played an important part. Since everything that exists must have had a beginning, I will give a brief history of the Negro newspaper. Our history of the Negro in the newspaper field goes back to the early part of the eighteenth century. Of the early pioneers in the newspaper work, John Brown Russworn deserves the most credit. He came to the United States from Jamaica, his birth- place, to attend college. The first Negro to obtain a college degree in the United States, he placed his efforts in the field entirely new to the race-the colored newspaper. Mr. Russwurn edited and published the first newspaper, called the Freedmen's Journal , in the year of 1827, in New York City. Short- ly afterwards he published another paper, called The Rights of All . These early papers proved to be powerful and useful in promoting intelligence of the race. In 1837 there appeared another newspaper under the name of The Weekly Advocate , edited by one Samuel E. Carnish. Later the paper adopted the name of The Colored American . It, like The Freedmen's Journal , filled its columns with select and important bits of in- formation. It boldly advocated the emanci- pation and elevation of the Negroes. In the northern states, before the Civil War, a number of fpapers, forty-one to be exact, were published by Negroes. This had much to do with bringing about the success of the anti-slavery movements. It was through this medium that the Negro, just out of slavery, was gradually made aware of the affairs of the world and how they affected them. It helped considerably in answering his questions of where he was to go and what he could or should do in this new life. As time passed, progress was made, and bigger and better newspapers were developed. One of the most important later publica- tions was called the Northern Star , and was edited by Frederick Douglass. He later be- came the most influential editor among the Negroes. He had already made a deep im- pression on the public in presenting his own interesting story in what he called the Nar- rative . MAROON AND WHITE These early newspapers consisted of only a few sheets and treated of things of the ut- most importance to the race. They were, in a sense, acting as teachers. 'Today there are hundreds of colored newspapers all over the country, far better than those of the past in the way of written material, but I ask you to stop and think of how little progress they have made morally-in the things that really count. Those early papers did not show as much achievement and fields of experience as the present papers. Yet, our modern papers deal largely with sensationalism and social life. There is a philosophy concerning the newspapers that always rings true: People read seven out of ten columns of crime simply because the papers print it. Today, of the better class, we have such newspapers as the Pittsburgh Courier, the Chicago Defender, and Afro-American, and others which space will not permit me to mention. In concluding, I wish for you to keep in mind these facts. The early appearance of Negro editors is significant. Some of them did not know as much as those today, but they appreciated the importance of a daily record and the prestige which it gives. They knew the value of the press in fighting the battles of humanity. It must be remembered, however, that al- though Negroes were doing difiicult things efficiently, they had the help and cooperation of friendly whites. Without their assistance these efforts would have failed. Austin N ichols. , rv ll ' , f 3-itll I e W F .I Sf- '- EJL i 1 6 n ..,,,oo is N Page Sixty-one The Negro woman, too, has played an im- portant role on the stage of Negro poetry. Mrs. G. D. Johnson, through her Heart of a Woman , has written much of her sadness. Though not one word or hint of race is pres- ent, still the unwritable tragedy of the Ne- groes' sufferings is described. Langston Hughes comes with his new form of poetry and his novel, Not Without Laugh- ter . Du Bois, Kelly Miller, and R. Nathaniel Dett, composer, pianist, and poet, belong to this class. Dialect and fpoetry of protest against segregation voice the sentiment of the Negro masses. Here and there in magazines we find a poem by some unheard of Negro, perhaps a student. Another generation rises, another voice is heard, the voice of Negro youth. And so, upward through trials We climb the slopes of life with throbbing hearts to grasp our cherished star. Naomi C. Long. ...i..i.- Banking of an Oppressed People From the beginning of time there has al- ways been a struggle for the accumulation of wealth. After means of acquiring were found, ways of keeping were sought. At first the cave dwellers hid their treasures in niches and secret passages of their caves. Men of the far East, after bringing their tithes to be placed at the foot of the emperor, stored their immense Wealth for their posterity. With the advancement of civilization, mod- ern means of saving have come into existence. Money was placed in banks and banking de- veloped into a paying enterprise. In this venture none have had more obstacles to overcome than the Negro, who, we can say with pride, has come forward from subjuga- tion, and in seventy-five years has, at least, established a place in this field. When the Emancipation of Proclamation freed the Negro slaves, a Freedman's Bank was established, supposedly to encourage fru- gality and thrift among the newly liberated slaves. The institution became a detriment to Negro progress, taking advantage of the ignorance and superstition which was prev- alent among those whose opportunities for acquiring knowledge were little or none. In- stead of providing a non-profit concern for the depositing of Negro savings, it was soon dissolved, leaving the depositors destitute. Page Sixty Dread of repetition of this disastrous affair left the Negro populace, for a time, appre- hensive of further banking endeavors. To overcome this fear has taken years of not altogether successful work. But, as the Ne- groes increased in number and importance, the necessity for improving the economic con- ditions led to the establishment of the Capitol Savings Bank of Washington, D. C. This was the first private bank opened and operated for business by Negroes in the United States. After sixteen years of commendable service, this bank failed, and the Alabama Penny Sav- ings Bank, of Birmingham, came into exist- ence. During the operation of this bank more than two hundred thousand dollars was de- posited by more than ten thousand persons. Probably the expansion and branching out of this bank caused its failure. These bank- ing failures, along with others, began to quell enthusiasm, and the Negroes became discour- aged. Later, because of the need of the rap- idly spread-fraternal societies for depositories for their funds, the Savings Bank of the Grand Fountain was established. This movement was the first great effort of the Negro to organize a bank. Contributing much to its failure were the lax business methods within the institution and meager banking experi- ence of the officers. Not all of the banking institutions have failed, however, for a few have lived and others more recently organized are going for- ward. In Nashville, Tennessee, the Citizens' Savings Band and Trust Company, under the presidency of H. A. Boyd, is serving its pur- pose. The Mechanics' and Farmers' Bank of Durham and Raleigh, North Carolina, is pro- gressing under its president, C. C. Spaulding. The Citizens' Trust Company, of Atlanta, has been operating since August, 1921, and is certainly worthy of mention. Tribute should also be paid to Jesse Binga, under whose guidance the Binga State Bank was organized in Chicago. It is by no means fitting for the progress of a race, removed only seventy-five years from slavery, to be compared with one whose natural heritage is freedom and a chance for advancement, but it is altogether fitting, when writing of Negro progress in the past seventy- five years, that banking be mentioned as an achievement. Elizabeth Wallace. MAROON AND WHITE many unusual ideas about architecture, rem- iniscent of the great Frank Lloyd Wright, for he believed that houses should be built around the personality of the people who are to live in them, and that above all, houses are to grow naturally out of the landscape and become a part of it, just as trees spring from the ground and are always an intimate part of the landscape. Besides these factors, Wil- liams believes in the importance of color in connection with buildings of all kind. Some of his color schemes have been declared the most satisfactory in the realm of domestic architecture. Besides Williams, two other outstanding architects have been Albert I. Cassell and Hilyard R. Robinson. Cassellfs work at How- ard University has already been mentioned. The outstanding work of Robinson to date has been the great Langston Housing project in Washington, D. C. This project ranks among the most spectacular and yet the most success- ful of its kind yet done in America. It is curious that members of Robinson's group seem to be almost oblivious of this great tri- umph. Robinson has been for many years a top flight draughtsman, employed by the U. S. Housing Projects Authority. More recently he has entered private business, and has been associated in many recent plans with Paul Williams. Emma Cane. i The Negro Writes There are far too many Negro prose writers of note to name here. Indeed, the Negro has written of politics, religion, art, and every conceivable subject as the white man has done. lt is not for me to say, that because a man's skin is light or dark he more fully compre- hends the different 'phases of our civilization. But on race problems and achievements, surely he should excel who has actually felt the slave- driver's whip. It is the same story that our grandparents told to our parents, our parents to us, we to our children, and on. We, who know this subject best, shall continue to write of our race's obstacles, faith, and achieve- ments. The white man cannot approach us here. We write of a Congo he never knew. We sing of a lash he never felt. We are alone and unsurpassed in knowledge and on us falls the duty to impart it. I have not heretofore written of individual achievements, but some few cannot possibly go without mention. Jessie Fauset, for in- stance, is outstanding as the author of The Chinaberry Tree , and three other novels, and Zora Neale Hurston of Their Eyes Were Watching God , a startling story of southern Negroes. Her Jonah's Gourd Vine is a highly praised novel. Carter G. Woodson, who is the editor of the Journal of Negro History , is responsible for many important researches in Negro history. Throughout the years, the Negro poet has thought in black, has spoken in black, and thus has written in black. He has been well aware of his dusky skin and his heritage of song. But we do not criticise him for wearing his grievances on his sleeve. He has a song to sing, different from that of all others. From the untaught melodies, the folk songs and MAROON AND WHITE spirituals, through the newest forms of Negro poetry, his song has been one loyal to his Creator and determined to overcome his earthly tribulations. Truly, the Negro has suffered. The early folk songs were of little worth. They were like Mother Goose Rhymes, learned and chanted, and were in dialect. The spirituals, the earliest type of true American music, are one of the most notable contributions of any people, similarly circum- stanced, to the world's treasury of song. These show the great faith and religious feeling of the Negro people and can never die. Jupiter Hammond was the first American Negro poet of whom any record exists. Here begins the earlier poetry of art. Following him came Phyllis Wheatley. These laid foun- dation-a strong and secure one-for all this. Paul Lawrence Dunbar was outstanding in this period. The present renaissance of the Negro brings with it poems that sing of love, beauty, nature, his beloved southland, and always religion and the wrongs inflicted ufpon his race. Yet, he bears malice in his heart toward no one. Everyone should know something of the vivid words that flowed from the pen of the late James Weldon Johnson. He was, to my mind, one of the best representatives of the present era. Another who stands high in my estimation is Leslie Pinckney Hill, who comes on the wings of oppression to contribute to the Negro's greatest gift. Countee Cullen, outstanding in many ways, has written many excellent poems and a novel, One Way to Heaven . Page Fifty-nine Qtr f BCHl,l.2QQl URQ Undoubtedly heading this list is the name of Paul R. Williams, a native Californian, who has designed many buildings in that state and other states in the West, the Middle West and the East and South. Besides his great series of buildings of a municipal nature, such as the Housing Project Groups for Negroes in Los Angeles, worthy of any architect, black or white, Williams has designed private homes and buildings for some of the most distin- guished names in American business and the entertainment world. To mention a few: Williams has designed homes for Mr. E. L. Cord, the wealthy manufacturer of Cord auto- mobiles and tires, he was the architect for the private homes of Will Hays, Tyrone Power fand Annabelal, Sally Eilers, Zazu Pitts, Page Fifty-eight Leon Errol fthe comedianj, Grace Moore, a Southerner, by the way, Richard Arlen, Charles Correll fthe Andy of Amos and Andy J, Bill Robinson, Joseph Schenck, fthe movie producerj, Jay Paley fPresident of the Columbia Broadcasting SystemJ, and many others. Williams achieved his position and fame by the greatest competition and stint, combined with sheer genius that places him among the top flight of American architects. He has planned several large and luxurious hotels for the white in California, Colorado, and Arizona. Williams sprang into popular fame a few years back by being able to draw sketches and plans for houses up-side-down for his clients, while they sat facing him across his desk in his office. He possesses MAROON AND WHITE such men as A. Phillip Randolph, the presi- dent of the Sleeping Car Porters. In 1929 this organization obtained a Federal Charter in the American Federation of Labor, and an international charter in 1936. Through this means this organization has been able to im- prove the working condition of the Negro, not only in this country, but also in other countries. The redcaps were at first boys working their way through school. In Chicago, New York, and many other leading cities of the country, the Negro red-cap is employed, however, in a few other cities, for example, St. Louis, through discrimination, they are not em- ployed. The history of recognition of the red-cap as a regular employee of the railroads, and as a separate union, has been as interest- ing as that of the porters, though somewhat different. They received their international charter in the American Federation of Labor in 1938. The chief problem of the red-cap at present is whether or not tips are to be accepted as wages, and whether or not the ten cents per bag, recently required of travel- ers wishing their baggage carried, will bring an adequate salary to the red-caps. Sarah Freeman. MAROON AND WHITE Was My Face Red Being a lover of beautiful clothes, I untir- ingly turn through the daily papers, admiring the latest creations and always hoping and wishing that I might, some day get to the place where I can have all that I desire. Mother often tries to make me understand that clothes aren't the only thing in life. Al- though I realize this, I'm still an ardent clothes fan. One evening, just two days before my birthday, mother was rocking in her favorite chair and reading the paper. Standing behind her, I continually praised, admired and longed for the beautiful garments that danced across the pages as she turned them. All of a sudden, up popped a page that boasted four or five rows of marvelous dresses. Observing them one at a time, I pictured myself in each. They were in spring and summer's best colors, so the ad ran, with flared, tucked and pleated skirts. Among them was A Girl's Delight , a beautiful dress which emphasized a small waistline by having large pockets on the hips, and there was Margie , an adorable dress that had a very full skirt and large puffed sleeves which tended to cut one's height. It was made: of the new Romeo and Juliet print. You should have seen Lazy-Bones , with its striking design and its two-tone ef- fect. Summer Evening was a charming two-piece dress, the skirt of which was a very full, gored, black crepe. Over this is Worn a bright red sash that hangs the length of the skirt. With only one glimpse of the blouse, one becomes fascinated as it is made of sheer batiste with yards and yards of crisp lace and tiny red buttons down the front. Yes, I do think that the thing that I admired most in this frock was the lace, which practically covered the blouse. Oh, why couldn't I have a few of these gorgeous frocks? Sensing that this page had fascinated me, mother began to compliment some of the styles. She said, pointing to a peach of a dress, Jewel, I think that you would look rather nice in this one. I felt as though I had been promised it. Would mother really get this one for me? Then, with her face brightening, she continued, Jewel, would you really like to have this dress? I replied, with a grin on my face, Oh yes, mother, I'd love it. All right, then, said she, I'll cut it out for you. Jewel Busch. Page Fifty-seven averaged twenty-nine thousand. The Board, with the aid of the public, the Tuberculosis Society, and others helped to establish a school for the crippled Negro children, which was built in 1922, and is now the Turner School. Another important accomplishment of the Urban League was the securing of play- grounds for the Negro children. During the year of 1928, the League found that five city and privately owned playgrounds did not ad- mit Negroes, although in this same district 40W of the people were of that race. Thus, the League set up three vacant lots as play- grounds to show the Department of Recre-- ation that the Negro children would make use of them. The Board of Education then opened three playgrounds and the Y. M. C. A. opened a play-field. Ever since then playgrounds have been given to and used more widely by the children of our race. Later, three com- munity centers were built and employment was given to playground directors. An 'important development of the work of the Urban League towards community uplift- ing were the Block Units, which were organ- ized to better the social standing of the com- munity. Some of the proposals that the Fed-- eration of Block Units sent to the Mayor and the Board of Aldermen, are: Q11 that the city replace all trees that had been destroyed by the tornado in the resi- dential section, and plant trees in certain districts, especially in the neighborhood of the New City Hospital. C23 that Tandy Park be remodelled with a swimming pool, a bath house, and the like, and be made a playground for adults only. Q33 that a separate playground with a ten- nis court be made for the children within these districts, and also a community center. Then committees were appointed to follow each request through. As a result of the Block Unit, the physical appearances of homes were improved. Not only did the Federation of Block Units do such things as these, but it held the largest picnic in 1936 ever held in St. Louis. I have talked about the most outstanding work of the St. Louis Urban League, but I must not forget that in 1921 the first Negro Health Education Week was directed by the League and has been celebrated every year since. Also during the year 1929 the first Art Exhibit was held, showing the work of our Negro artists of greater St. Louis. Page Fifty-six We must give credit to the people who have so nobly participated in this great League. Now the Urban League has its headquarters at 3017 Delmar, where it is continuously giv- ing, Not alms but opportunity. Virginia, A. Suggs. All Aboard!! The 1930 census figures gave the number of Negroes in railroad service as 140,000. By 1938, this figure was reduced to 90,000, due to discrimination against the Negro, and the efficiency in the industry resulting from the use of labor-saving machinery. The most important phases of the Negro in transportation are in connection with the pull- man cars, doing service porter work, includ- ing red-caps. When George Pullman placed the first pull- man cars on the rails soon after the Civil War, he put them in charge of the porters and waiters, not to mention the chefs in the diner. These employees gave the loyalty, kindness, and excellent service which is characteristic of the Negro. First aid, care of children, and giving information on weather, population, speed of the train, and air-conditioning are only a few of the types of service that the porters, the maids, the chefs, and the waiters are asked to discuss. Few of the travelers, however, know that many of the men whom they ask such questions are college men. Long hours, poor wages and class discrim- ination were just a few of the obstacles that faced these employees, however, they have steadily made progress through the eforts of MAROON AND WHITE 13. Andrew Sherlock Holmes Stokes Jack- son and his F. B. I.'s 14. A young genius at work. 15. Crowning the GREEN-HARPY Cand I do mean greenl. 16. Frances Hicks in conservation camp. 17. A hair-dressing moment in a grid-iron clash, starring Ben Jr. 18. That genial Latin teacher, Mr. J. J. Green. 19. A call to arms. 20. That versatile typing teacher. 21. Sumner's oomph girls. fAn Index of Snapshotsl The Urban League at Work The National Urban League, organized in New York City in 1910, has done and is con- tinuing to do splendid work. It has established branches in forty-four cities of twenty-four leading states. The president, L. Hollings- worth Wood, and the executive secretary, Eugene Kinckle Jones of the National Urban League, must be complimented on their fine work towards helping to make the Negroes an outstanding race. As an example of the excellent progress of the National Urban League, a brief history will now be given on the work of the St. Louis Branch. An old saying, I'm from Missouri, you'll have to show me, appeared to be the favorite slang of the people, when the St. Louis Urban League was organized as a part of the St. Louis Provident Association in 1918. The League told them that their purpose was not to give alms but opportunity. They did just the opposite of what the people expected them to do and showed them. The Urban League's greatest problem was the enlarging of employment opportunities for Negroes. Working this problem out began about 1925, when the headquarters of the League moved from 2343 Market Street to Jefferson and Lucas, and here the headquarters began to overflow with people applying for jobs. Something had to be done, so a com- mittee was organized whose duties were to hold as many Negroes on their jobs as possi- ble and to find jobs for those who had none. But still the number of unemployed did not decrease. More and more Negroes applied for work, but were turned down. Unemployment became so great that many of the families moved into smaller houses and many of the people were found living in one room with a family as large as eight people. Here in this room were the sleeping, eating, and living quarters. Oh, how unhealthy it was and everyone seemed to be doing as much as he MAROON AND WHITE possibly could to find work. The Industrial Department was doing all it could and it made possible for the first time, in 1930, the employment of eight Negro drivers for the St. Louis Dairy and four for the laundry com- panies. In this same year a colored office clerk was placed in a downtown store. With this much done, the conditions didn't seem to be noticeably improved. 'Time passed on and in the year 1932 it was estimated that 602: of the working people were out of work and 2073 employed at inadequate wages. In 1933 the depression reached its height. What would happen to the Negroes then? A careful study of Negro business was made and 'it was found that there were 512 Negro business places which were attempting to stay open. Therefore the Negroes had to organize to protect the few jobs that were left and to demand even more and better jobs for the race. In 1934 the Health and Housing Committee of the St. Louis Urban League organized a group of builders and architec- turers who wanted to help sponsor for the Negroes of St. Louis, at the first announce- ment of the federal housing project, a housing project which the people really needed. It was found in 1935, that the few buildings which were being constructed for Negroes did not employ a single man of this race and our people began to defy such injustices. During the year 1938, the work of the Ur- ban League began to show promising results and about one hundred jobs were opened for Negroes in clothing, shoes, food, and furniture stores. Since then the Negro race, with the help of the St. Louis Urban League, has gone forward in the attainment of position after position. While nothing has been said of the other activities of the League, we must realize that the unemployment problem was the biggest problem of the League. An outgrowth of em- ployment was education and community uplift. The League directed its attention in the interest of the school by conducting the first Neighborhood Service in 1919 and establishing recreation and social programs in the Lincoln, L'Ouverture, and Dumas Schools. Grade man- ual work was also set up in these schools and promising results were accomplished which enabled the Board of Education to set up grade manual work in all Negro schools. A year after this a Dental Clinic was put into operation at Lincoln School, and in 1929 the Clinic was taken over by the City Department of Health. From 1920-1929 the total treat- ments of the teeth of the Negro children Page Fifty-five The Y. W. C. A. Q f ' Iii i t Y Q f' uc . gif, 2L, .:1 I rmcx. hr, Newronacm .if E' mf. - 1 ' 5' 6TmF5g5 i 'F f 'A ' x - if 1 f' :gyihj fw , U xxx wma 32? 1NmANAPous. mu ,LF .Aw From Montreal to Shanghai, from far-away Italy to sunny Rio de J aniero, branches of the Y. W. C. A. play host to the weary traveler from other lands. If you are a lonely visitor in Egypt, or a total stranger sojourning through the beautiful and balmy isles of the Pacific, with no previous thought as to accom- modations, rest assured that as soon as you locate the Y you will be received with out- stretched arms Cso to speakj and brought in contact with familiar customs and friendly associates. This organization encircles the globe, promoting international relationships and good-will, and serving as a friend and guide to women and girls of different coun- tries. Here in our own nation, the Young Wom- en's Christian Association does much to al- leviate racial prejudices through inter-racial activities of various sorts. Thus, we have briefly touched upon the ex- tent and scope of the Association. Some of the different departments of the Y are the Committee of Management, Business and In- dustrial Department, Girl Reserves' division, and the Publicity Committee. An individual develops character and leadership within the Y. W. C. A. and is afforded an opportunity for growth. For example, a girl may start out as a member of a Girl Reserves' groupg in a few years she will have an opportunity of advancing to a voluntary leader of younger girls, still later, she may serve as a chairman of some committee. As her years of service increase, she will doubtless be elected to work on the Committee of Management, and if here she has done outstanding work, an invitation Page Fifty-four to serve on the Board of Directors possibly might be extended. So Y work includes, and has a place for all ages, abilities, and degrees of service. The fiexibility of the organization is a de- cided asset, as it strives to meet the community needs in many ways. For example, it pion- eered in the field of housing and in forcing jobs for women. It was also one of the first organizations to give educated women of the race an opportunity to speak for and before white groups, to tell of the problems of the Negroes and the things that they have ac- complished. Throughout most of the Negro branches of the Y. W. C. A. one crying need is recognized, the decidedly limited facilities with which they have to work. This fact alone cuts the scope of their work probably twenty to thirty per cent. In spite of this fact, however, many very successful Negro branches, with excel- lent facilities, are in operation throughout the country. Among these are the Washington, D. C., branch, the one at Indianapolis, the Harlem Y. W. C. A. in New York, and the Detroit, Michigan, branch. Some of the many problems other than financial facing the Negro branches of the Association, are the awakening of the people to the advantages and efforts of the Y , The general attitude of some Negroes is one of indifference. They think that the Y. W. C. A. is not worthy of their support or contribu- tions. If this thought can be eliminated, one of the biggest obstacles to the Young Women's Christian Association will be removed. Jane Bowles. Duke's Mixture 1. 'Sumner scores at the Musica Americana. 2. Sewing in a Big way. 3. End of a happy day. 4. Student Council's annual, Among These Presents. 5. Ghost backfield. 6. The climax of the Robeson hit, A Full House. 7. Beauties and the Beast. 8. Rug-cutters knocking themselves out at Le Cercle Francais Valentine Party. 9. I don't smell the smoke, but this is a fire drill. 10. A surrealist displays his etchings. 11. Sour-notes at the Stadium. 12. Midget Rogers. MAROON AND WHITE Fighters for Justice Imagine yourself at an inter-racial banquet back in 1909, with such personages as Dubois, Spingarn, James Weldon Johnson, and others, amid subdued chatter and laughter, and hear rather suddenly plans for an organization which, in later years, was to be a vital part of the American Negro life. Indeed, this is exactly what took place on the night of Feb- ruary 12, 1909, at an Abraham Lincoln birth- day celebration. This organization of which I have spoken is known as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. The basic idea for commencing this organization was to ight for full citizenship rights of the Negro. The organization has grown from one branch in New York City, to three hundred fifty branches in nearly every state in the country. It has at present 113 youth groups in 24 states, and 43 college groups in 11 states. With the idea of Negro citizenship rights in view, the N. A. A. C. P. has worked to end lynching, peonage and debt of slavery of southern sharecroppers and tenant farmers, to end disfranchisement, abolish injustices in legal procedure Cusually criminal procedure due solely to color or racej , have equal fund distribution for education, abolish segrega- tion, discrimination, insult, and humiliation because of color, have equal pay and work in all fields and abolish discrimination against Negroes in right of collective bargaining through membership in organized labor unions. In the past years the N. A. A. C. P. has won twelve out of thirteen cases before the U. S. Supreme Court. Six of these were achieved at a remarkably low cost of 331,193.- 92. This was largely due to the generosity of members of the national legal staff and lawyers who contributed their services. Because the N. A. A. C. P. waged a con- tinuous war on lynching by writing, lecturing, and mass demonstrations, the Gavagan anti- lynching bill was passed in the House by a vote of 277-119. This was on April 15, 1937. The bill was taken up by the Senate on No- vember 15, 1937, at a special session, and debated back and forth for six days, when it was displaced by a farm bill. By agreement it came up for debate on January 6, 1938, and from that date until February 21, south- ern senators established a lengthy filibuster which resulted in the bill being laid aside until the Seventy-Sixth Congress in 1939. As yet, it has not passed the Senate but hopes are still held by N. A. A. C. P. members and its well-wishers that the bill will be passed. MAROON AND WHITE Other cases of national standing have won and include: Louisville Residential Segrega- tion ordinance held unconstitutional in 1917, New Orleans Segregation law unconstitutional in 1927, Texas white primary law barring Negroes by statute from Democratic primaries held unconstitutional in 1927 , Scottsboro case in 1930, and more recently the case of Gaines vs. Missouri University. The Gaines Case , as it has been called, was ruled by the Supreme Court for either the admittance of Lloyd Gaines to the Missouri University law school or for the state of Missouri to establish a law school with equal accommodations for training of Negro graduate and professional students. The court also ruled that out-of-state scholar- ships did not answer the constitutional re- quirement of equal rights and that states must provide equal training within their borders. A much more recent case is the Bluford Case, which is still pending in Missouri courts. This case, like the Gaines case, wants the ad- mittance of Negro students to the Missouri University School of Journalism. It is be- lieved that the court will uphold the equal rights bill and permit students of the Negro race to enter the University. There have been numerous cases won in the past by N. A. A. C. P. m-embers in various states but those cited were won in the highest court of these United 'States. As has been seen in years gone by, the N. A. A. C. P. has fought a continuous battle for Negro rights and shall endeavor to do so with the coopera- tion of the American Negro youth of the present and future. Ermine Bush. Stand Aside Stand aside, white man! Stand aside, we're coming through. You've built your walls, But what are walls to us? We, who built the pyramids, We, who carried the foundation of civilization On our backs And never felt 'its weight, What do we care about your walls? See that star above your Manhattan? That star is our song. That star is our desire- Our goal. We've come too far to miss it now. Stand aside, white man, We're coming through. Naomi C. Lo . W9 Page Fifty-three lp 4 K up in . LL-, - 'I 4 QI.-'S - :Q 41 ui-1-Q 1 n K.: q It :':'o':.4, A A Nx 0 i '9'o'4 - . .Y s Q . . 'f s'x s'c' ? i gqxzlsfsf I Nl, 'a l E ..i.K...4' . ' ' . A .SL - : - A 1 .. , N X L5 1 1 --.M ...'J. 1 nr .,, 'l., 'I '-w '. 'U , Q ' al g',.',': iQ,0si ' 4- L'o 0,'4f'4v' 4 3 -, I :,'-' t:A. '4::o..vxA v 1 ,' v ' 1 '.:'1 S 4 Y if 2..1v.':.v::1f::'.'f2.. 1 X - 1 Y1V,4f: ,:.:1, , lfuh '-' nz '--':-- '- IW l IV. .. I 'Q , In N 11 - Z fd ':A'i.v2'l,y, dl 4 :p ffv, 'ff' y 'I' 'll X A 22-ff .4 .3 . T , 1 . 1 -'-77 Q , V V i 7 7 7 Q 4 N Hilisunul Jw MKNHON Hospital of Saint Louis, Provident of Chicago, Harlem Institute of New York, Freedman's Hospital of Washington, D. C., and the Gen- eral Hospital of Kansas City, although the Meharry Medical College in Nashville, Ten- nessee, is highly recommended for the medical course. The Negro medical schools and their gradu- ates must be trained for new practices to im- prove conditions which determine health and eradicate disease. The most recent tendency among Negroes in various professions is to specialize-to learn everything possible about what they are doing and to do it efficiently. The late Daniel H. Williams was the first physician to make a very successful operation on the heart, and Louis F. Wright, of New York City, in the skull fracture treatment. Dr. C. C. Barnett was the first to organize and conduct the first hospital for the insane which was located at Larkin, in the state of West Virginia. Our own St. Louis boasts of two or three very outstanding physicians and surgeons. The Negro physicians have had much better opportunities than Negro lawyers and have made their way successfully in this chosen field. On account of the racial contact re- Page Fifty-two quired of white physicians who are sometimes unwilling to sustain this relation to Negroes, the Negro doctors have a better chance among their people than other professionals. Although it was a long time after the Civil War before Negroes had many experiences in the medical profession, they had long since demonstrated that they could teach in this profession. There were nine Negro physicians in 1890 and three thousand seven hundred and seventy in 1930. Johnnie Loii Bnrnes. Q On the Bright with the Jumping Jive Rattle, Knock, Boom, Bang, Bam, Putt, Putt, Siss, Siss, Hep, Hep. Going, Gone. I suppose all the loyal Sumnerites are won- dering what happened to the Jumping J ive. Well, so is Dee Junk Man. But, oh, the memories of the old jolopy, for instance, when we were going to the Girl Reserve party, sporting like mad, with ten cents worth of gas, everything went well until we tried get- ting it started. People jumped up out of bed, shouting Air raid, the U. S. has been in- vaded, until they looked out of their windows and saw it was the old Jumping Jive in full motion. Fenders on by a thread, tires as slick as a cue ball, not enough glass in the windows to keep out the breath of a fly. If you could hear above the noise of the ragged jolopy, one would hear the sound of the motor which sounds like a broken down coffee grinder. When in motion, the car is under penalty of disturbing the peace. When it rains it is better to walk than to ride in the Jumping Jive , for the holes in the roof are as big as the open windows. If you ever hear these sounds in the night, don't get frightened, it is only the Jumping Jive on the comeback trail. Rattle, Knock, Boom, Bang, Bam, Putt, Putt, Siss, Siss, Hep, Hep, Going, Gone. Yours truly, Little Willie Mormon. MAROON AND WHITE Scientific Achievements Economic conditions and miseducation have, to a large extent, kept the Negro out of the scientific field. But, from the mass a few individuals have risen from the mediocre and have established reputations for their ability. Very close to us is the late Dr. Charles Henry Turner, who left behind many valuable con- clusions about animal behavior. Teaching chemistry at Fisk University, we have Dr. St. Elmo Brady, a noted Negro chemist. Dr. E. E. Just, an alumnus of Dartmouth and Chi- cago, has merited universal recognition for his work in marine biology. Best known to all of us probably, is Dr. George Washington Carver, whose experiments with the peanut, sweet potato, and clay of the Southern soils have won for him many awards and honors. With the increase in higher educational oppor- tunities we expect to find many more Negroes outstanding in the field of science, perhaps by the time we reach the one hundred year mark in our progress. Elizabeth Wallace. MAROON AND WHITE X'Tiil.ggjq 5 K C 7 Gleanings from the Medical Profession Before the Civil War, Negroes, engaged in medical practice, left some very interesting accounts. Many persons of the other race believed that the Negro could effect wonderful cures as had been performed in Africa. Many Negroes began their practice among their race and were later attracted by the whites. Al- though they were not listed as physicians, they were employed to assist. The first out- standing case was performed by Caesar, a slave, in 1792. He made such a success and such a favorable impression with his cures from roots and herbs, that the Assembly of South Caroline presented a large sum for his freedom and he was provided an annuity of one hundred dollars. James Durham of New Orleans was the first to become a registered doctor. He was born and reared in Philadelphia and in 1800 was recognized as a distinguished physician. Dr. James McCune Smith, another physician from New York City, was among the five to draw up a constitution for a Statistic Insti- tute in 1853. Dr. Zeke was the most interest- ing Negro that was in the profession in the South before the Civil War. He was soon driven from his home in Savannah and later settled in Augusta, Georgia. He still had difficulties but, nevertheless, made some progress, and in 1857 was practicing among both races, serving the white 'in the day and the Negro at night. After having lived a very successful life, he died during the Civil War. Today the Negro has, without a doubt, made some contributions to civilization in the field of medicine. The most noted medical schools for Negro internes are: The Homer Phillips Page Fifty-one The Educational Progress of the Negro One of the outstanding characteristics of the Negro is the desire to learn. Many efforts have been made on his part to secure an edu- cation. During the Civil War, hundreds of schools sprang up all over the South. These schools were devoted to the training of the Negro population. Coming from the north, their white teachers had truly altruistic motives and the progress was remarkable. Soon afterwards, normal schools and acad- emies for higher education came into exist- ence. Atlanta, Fisk, Howard, and Straight Universities, and Hampton Institute, are among the nationally known institutions which had their beginnings through these first eiorts. From the beginning, the expenditure of time and money on Negro schools has been hopelessly inadequate when compared with the white schools, but this circumstance is becoming less and less noticeable. Thirty-nine per cent of the entire Negro population was illiterate, according to the fig- ures of 1890. This rate dropped to thirty per cent in 1900, and according to the latest governmental figures, the illiterates now num- ber only eighteen per cent. At least thirty-six Negro students have been honored with mem- bership in the Phi Beta Kappa, in competition with white students in our higher educational institutions. The total number of Negro college gradu- ates in 1929 was over 7,000. The public schools for Negroes in the south, especially in the countries where the Negroes outnumber the white people, are not doing efficient work because of the small salaries paid to teachers, short terms, and poor school buildings. The state teachers' Associations have worked and are working to raise the standard of the teaching profession. Jewel Busch. Page Fifty Negro Teachers The development of Negro teaching in America was natural and inevitable. As early as the seventeenth century we find slaves teaching their masters' children, however in- conceivable it seems. An accurate proof can be shown before the end of the eighteenth century when we find John Chavis teaching White and colored people of North Carolina. Miss Virginia E. Randolph started the Jeanes Teachers' Association, and Charlotte Hawkins Brown founded the Palmer Memorial Institute. In recent years the following men have perhaps, more than others, had touch with Negro education: Robert Russa Moton, who was elected to succeed Booker T. Washington at Tuskegee Instituteg John Hope, who will be remembered for his support of Southern insti- tutions which were founded but which could not be supported, and Mordeceai A. Johnson, who had great ability as an educational orator and served as president of the National Asso- ciation Teachers, and who is now president of Howard University. Honorable mention should be given Mary McLeod Bethune, who built a co-educational institution for Negroes. As guardian angel of the Negroes, it is with much worthiness that the tribute is paid to her of being the successor to Booker T. Washington. Gladys Hulbert. MAROON AND WHITE DHI BEIA SIGMA Xl SCHOLASTIC ACHIEVEMENT In a day of inter-racial bitterness and hatred, accentuated by a troubled world of war and depression, the Negro, in the field of scholastic achievement and research has, at last, made a prominent niche. Some outstanding Negro scholars of na- tional repute are, most notably, Paul Robeson, world-famous baritone, who was awarded a Phi Beta Kappa Key from Rutgers University for excellence in scholarship. He was the third Negro to graduate from this college, and while there, was placed on the All- American Football Team. At his commence- ment, he participated as a speaker and was elected to the Cap and Skull , a fraternal circle of great honor, made up of four men from the senior class, who are considered the best in scholarship, athletics, and personality. Upon his return from Europe, he became a figure of national repute, and his Alma Mater conferred a degree upon him and acclaimed him one of its greatest alumni, Dr. W. E. B. DuBois, former editor of the nationally known Crisis, and Doctor of Philosophy from Har- vard University, is another widely known scholar. He was a recipient of the Springarn Achievement Award, on June 8, 1920, for the founding and calling together of the Pan- African Congress, Dr. Carter Goodwin Wood- son, Doctor of Philosophy from Harvard Uni- versity, was awarded the Springarn medal for ten years of devoted service in collecting and publishing records of the Negro in America, MAROON AND WHITE Dr. Ernest E. Just, Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Chicago, who is now head of the Howard University Medical School. He is also a recipient of the Springarn Award, for distinguished achievement in research in biology. He received a special Rosenwald Fellowship for study in the Marine's Zoologi- cal Laboratory in Naples, Italy. Among the many Honorary Scholastic Fra- ternities, the Honorary Fraternity of Phi Beta Kappa ranks high, perhaps the first, in the school of Liberal Arts. This fraternity has a very prominent Negro membership. One hundred sixteen Negroes have had this honor conferred upon them from 1874 to 1930, and in our own city we have at least seven or eight citizens who are members. Another honorary fraternity is the Order of the Corps, a fraternity that corresponds in law to Phi Beta Kappa in Liberal Arts. The most prom- inent scientific fraternity is Sigma Xi, an honorary society, which limits its membership to the best scholars in science and in scientific research. Among many others, there is Phi Kappa Epsilon, international honorary fra- ternity, Sigma Sigma, honorary medical fra- ternity, and Sigma Tau Delta, National Pro- fessional English fraternity. All of these fraternities have representative Negro mem- berships. The highest academic degree possible to ob- tain is the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, and it is interesting to note that from 1876 to 1930, lifty-three members of our race have held this degree. Many awards are given, or donated, to Negroes for excellence in scholarship, among the most prominent being the Rockefeller Scholarships and Fellowships, The Springarn Achievement Awards, the Rosenwald Scholar- ship, and Y. M. C. A. Fund, and the Juliett Dericotte Scholarship. The last is of great interest to us, because of the fact that it was awarded to a local girl recently. While the above mentioned scholarships are, primarily, for scholastic achievement, other require- ments, such as good character, citizenship, and activity are stressed. There are also many Greek letter sororities and fraternities that sponsor scholarships for worthy, needy pupils. Of interest, also, is the fact that of the hundreds of State universities and colleges in the nation, Harvard Universitv, the Univer- sity of Chicago, and Columbia University con- tribute more than fifty per cent of the gradu- ate degrees awarded in this country to Negro scholars. Margaret E. Bowles. Page Forty-nine A452325 660189 LU .Carver as a missionary. He taught the natives to use their hands as well as their minds. This was done by teaching them how to make house furniture, wagon wheels and farming tools which were very much needed. During his twelve years in Africa, he was responsible for the establishment of schools, churches, and a very fine hospital. Today this hospital has its own trained dentists, surgeons, nurses, and medical doctors, who are administering' to the needs of their people. One of the greatest pioneers of the Negro Church was Lemuel Hayes. He was born July MAROON AND WHITE 18, 1753, at West Hartford, Conn., and be- came the first Negro pastor of a White Con- gregational church in Granville, New York. Lemuel Hayes was not only a forceful speaker but also a clear thinker. He aided George Washington by giving advice on governmental affairs. He is considered one of the greatest preachers of the colonial church. 'The Negro church will always stand as an illuminating monument dedicated to the ex- tension of God's kingdom and for the salva- tion of all mankind. Wesley East. Page Forty-seven Let Us Go Into the House of the Lord Religion the final centre of reposeg the goal to which all things tend, which gives to time all its importance, to etern- ity all 'its glory, apart from which man is a shadow, his very existence a riddle, and the stupendous scenes that surround him as incoherent and unmeaning as the leaves which the sibyl scattered in the wind. -R. Hall. The Negro church has contributed greatly to our progress during seventy-five years of emancipation. From the first introduction of Christianity to the Negro during slavery, the church grew and spread until it has become one of the most prominent features of Negro society. The sincere religion and the great spiritu- ality of the Negro church during slavery is expressed by his musical contributions which are now being vocalized and played by leading musicians universally. This music is now called Negro Spirituals, and is considered the only purely American music that has been contributed to the world. The Negro has always looked to his church for inspiration and leadership. Here is his best organization. Statistics taken from a current publication of the National Baptist Convention, read as follows: Page Forty-six There are 3,250,000 Baptists, 650,000 African Methodists, Episcopalians, 500,000 African Methodist Episcopal Zions, 350,000 Methodist Episcopalians, 250,000 Colored Methodist Episcopalians, 55,000 Episcopali- ans, 40,000 Presbyterians, 20,000 Congrega- tionalists, 40,000 Disciples of Christ, 200,000 Roman Catholics. There are six Baptists for every ten Negroes. Some Negroes have adopted a religion other than Christianity. Among these are Moham- medanism, Judaism, and Divinism . The latter was founded by Reverend M. J. Divine of New York, better known as Father Di- vine. He has more than a million followers throughout the United States who claim vari- ous beliefs. His organization is supported mainly by a system of Peace restaurants and Peace barbershops. The Peace res- taurants have become very popular because they charge only fifteen cents for a salubrious meal. By this very low price, many paupers are attracted who eventually become Divin- ites . The Negro Church today has a dearth of adolescents and college graduated. The ado- lescents attend church where their is attention given to their needsg such as, athletics, hiking, scouting, dramatics, and other entertainments, where they are given a chance, not only to hear but to express themselves. Such is being done by Dr. Clayton Powell, Jr., at the Abyssinian Baptist Church of New York City. This church has thirty-two paid workers, among whom are the pastor, his assistants and graduate nurse, and a director of religious education. Another example is that of Dr. W. N. DeBerry, retired pastor of a congregational church in Springfield, Massa- chusetts, which has been attended by people of all races. This church maintains a parish home for working girls, a women's welfare league, and a night school of domestic train- ing. A girls' and boys' club emphasizing the handicrafts, music and athletics is also spon- sored by the same church. These religious leaders have solved the problem of attracting youth. Some of the needs of today have been met by these churches. The Negro church has produced great mis- sionaries who have undertaken the task of Christianizing the world, using as their weapons the ideals of Christ. Dr. J. E. East, the late Corresponding and Executive Secre- tary of the National Baptist Foreign Mission Board, has spent twelve years in South Africa MAROON AND WHITE Intoned in Sepia What is the Negroes' most lucrative field in the world today? From the early days of the cake-walk to the rage of tap dancing, enter- tainment is the most profitable and demanding field. Through the acting, music, and dances, the art of the American stage has been infiu- enced by our races. The Negro has originated most of the dancing in the theatre audience. Many of our dances have sweipt over the world like the tango , turkey-trot , charleston , truckin , Susie-Q , and boogie-Woogie . There are many famous Negro dancers, such as Ada Walker, whose nimble feet we would have compared with those of Ginger Rogers, Bill Bojangles Robinson, the high- est salaried single dancer, Lew Leslie's Blackbirds g Adelaide Hall, Nicholas Broth- ers, Whitman 'Sisters. The first dramatist to appreciate the in- triguing opportunities in the life of the darker races was William Shakespeare. Ira Aldridge, who played in his master tragedy, Othello , was the first Negro to receive recognition in the legitimate English speaking stage. From this lovely beginning, acting was awakened. Thus, we have a great many ac- tors who are recognized. Some of the actors and actresses who have contributed to the art of the theatre are Richard B. Harrison, Ethel Waters, Charles Gilpin, Stephin Fetchit, Eddie Anderson, better known as Rochester, Louise Beavers, Edna Mae Harris, Hattie McDaniels, Fredi Washington, Nina Mae McKinney, Paul Robeson. 'The introduction of sound has opened film- dom to the Negro race. Today the Negro actors, dancers, and musicians that. originated in New York, find a place in film productions. Negro films are becoming a field now in Holly- wood. In the movies we find Herbert J effries, who has become famous as a cowboyg Ralph Cooper displays his ability as an actor in several movie productions, also. The Negro is heartily welcomed and ap- preciated in foreign amusement centers, as in London, Paris, and Berlin. Many of the out- standing plays that were presented on Broad- way have been carried abroad. Shuflie Along , featuring Josephine Baker, was played in Follies Bergere in Paris. Since her debut there she has created a sensation as femme noir. The late Florence Mills, Paul Robeson, and Garland Anderson were also received with an extremely cordial welcome. Happiness is an essential part of our lives. We, as a group of people, must have enter- tainment. It seems to be an inspirer to our course of progress. Comedians always help this important and significant feeling. The MAROON AND WHITE greatest comedian that appeared on the Amer- ican stage was Bert Williams, a man with unusual abilityg Butter Beans and Susie, Stephin Fetchit, and a number of others have achieved success. It was not until 1895 that the Negro min- strel tradition attempted to break. John W. Isham was the one to form a musical show, The Octoroons . Then vaudevilles followed. The first all-Negro comedy played on Broad- way was William's and Walker's In Dahom- ey . From that time on we have had a num- ber of hits as Dixie to Broadway , starring Florence Mills, and the late Hot Mikado , starring Bill Bojangles Robinson. Between 1925-1930, the staging of serious drama for the Negro was noticed. Generally, the plays produced were only concerned with lowly-life among Negroes. In an issue of the Liberty magazine, Belasco says: It is a far cry from native kraal to cosmopolitan stage-but the Negro has made the journey. Watch him in the next decade. We can all remember the continuous comeback of Show- Boat , a Ziegleld production, starring forty Negroes, Deep River , a jazz opera, ten Negroes cast in recognized parts, with Jules Bledsoe, baritone, the first Negro to appear in such a capacity in the operatic field in Amer- ica, and Rose McClendon, who was favorably criticised by Ethel Barrymore. Miss Barry- more remarked: She can teach them all dis- tinctiong Green Pastures , with Richard B. Harrison as De Lawd . The Negro playwrights have also taken ad- vantage of this new opportunity. They haw! tried, and succeeded, in portraying more realistically the average Negro. Much credit is due Jean Toomer's Balo and Kanis g Frank Wilson with his Sugar Cane , and Walk Together Children . Then credit is also to C. D. Lipscomb, John Matheus, Langs- ton Hughes, Randolph Edmonds, George A. Towns, Ira D. Reid, Zora Neale Hurston. Willis Richardson, Mae Miller. In patronizing our Negroes in the theatrical world, we are accommodated with 425 theatres of every type. Two-thirds of them are equipped to present vaudevilles or road shows. One-half of them are owned by other than Negroes. In our own city of St. Louis, a few years ago, there was the Booker Washington Theatre, exclusively owned and operated by a Negro, Charles Turpin. It is hoped that the Negro dramatist shall simply and devotedly interpret the life that is familiar to him for the sheer joy of artistic expression. Gertha Brock. Page Forty-five THE NEGRO IN HOME LIFE AND INSTITUTIONS We seldom study the condition of the Negro today honestly and carefully. Why? Because it is so much easier to assume that because we are Negroes we know it all. Or perhaps, al- ready having reached our own conclusions, we detest having them disturbed by facts. As a Whole, we think very little of the homely joys, sorrows, and the progress of the Negro in es- tablishing institutions for himself. Let us first turn our attention to the life of the American Negro in the home. Many Negroes enjoy desirably located and desirably surrounded homes but in spite of this fact they have to live in deteriorated houses previously occupied by white tenants. Although this residential section has faded and the houses have advanced in age and de- teriorated in structure, their rental prices go up by leaps and bounds until they have reached possibly twice the original price charged the white tenants. Practically in no towns have Negroes enough political power and cooperation of members of its race to de- mand justice. If they move out of these areas there is great opposition to the invasion of white neighborhoods, except sometimes in those parts of the United States where Civil Rights are legalized such as in New York, Illinois, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. The relationship of the Negro, in some places,,in the home is so extremely varied that it is never safe to attempt generalization about it, but the average home is a subtle blend of affectionate ties and sentiment, per- sonality and adjustment to its environment. As in all other races there is the family of Ne- groes who are in poor circumstances. The physical setting would probably be, second hand furniture of inexpensive installment fur- niture to fit the limits of its dwelling and in- come, too great emphasis being placed on col- or and decoration and suffering from over- crowded conditions. In such a case probably both parents are employed. The children of the family do as they choose and as a result the family finally drifts and the members be- come lazy and begin the familiar habit of Page Forty-four loitering on street corners and the final result is the disorganization of the home. On the other hand, there is the Negro fam- ily that is in better financial circumstances. The home may be excellent in selection and arrangement. A cultured atmosphere may prevail and the Whole family is in full accord. The members of this particular family grow up and become a benefit to society while the members of the preceding family grow up, because of their acquired carefree nature, be- coming a complete menace to society. Seeing both sides of the home life we may conclude that the Negro population cannot be repre- sented adequately either by its broken homes or its normal ones. As the Negro grew from the bondage, he began to think of ways of some clean Whole- some enjoyment, and places of abode. For the victims of disorganized homes and mother- less children the Orphans Home was estab- lished for the betterment of the race in the year of 1888. For young Christian men who desired to enjoy an amusement center or who desired a place of abode, their prayers were answered by Anthony Brown, the first presi- dent in the year of 1853 in December, when he formed a Young Men's Christian Associ- ation. Since those times, the Negro race has estab- lished other means of betterment, the Day Nursery for children who have working par- ents and desire to leave them at a responsible place, and one of the latest established insti- tutions, the Community Center, which is en- joyed by all, both young and old. Convents of the Roman Catholic Church open their doors wide to Negroes and they have played a large part in making home life for older girls. The Negro race, as a whole, has made many strides, but until We, as a race, learn civic pride, the hardships of living beyond our means, that is, trying to start at the top and not at the bottom, forgetting the fact that success is attained only by hard work, our attempts for betterment will be in vain. Frances Gotier. 0 MAROON AND WHITE roles in films and whose throaty voice has been heard over the radio much of late, and the Ink Spots, now on a national tour, who make many vendor recordings. Most distinguished composer of syncopated music is William C. Handy, Father of the Blues. His most renowned blues song, the 'iSt. Louis Blues , is played and sung in all corners of the globe. In recent years, schools of music have been developed from former departments of music of the leading Negro colleges. A number of privately owned institutions are working toward the same end. Washington Conser- vatory is perhaps the oldest of these. This school was founded by Mrs. Harriet Gibbs Marshall, first Negro graduate of Oberlin Conservatory of Music. She is now working toward a Negro National Conservatory. Here young musicians may learn of the accomplish- ments of great instrumentalists, namely, Clar- ence Cameron White, Mary Europe, Helen E. Hogan, and Edward Jenkins, whose laurels have won abroad. This conservatory is also being organized for the express purpose of the study of compositions of such composers as William Grant Still. We swell with pride when we see our racial progress spotlighted in such great persons as Marian Anderson, Paul Robeson, Roland Hayes, and more recently, Dorothy Maynor. Like the race in general, their success was achieved through concentrated efforts, strenu- ous study, self-will, and high ideals. Elizabeth McAllister. 12' 1 5' ' Dream Boats Oh, we must set our little boats adrift Upon a ripple of our shallow streams, And hope a balmy breeze will fill their sails And guide us to the ocean of our dreams. Some boats may venture to a southern isle, A few may seek the charm of old Cathay, Some wander to the land of Midnight Sun, And many may not leave the tranquil bay. But to the Sovereign who keeps our skiffs We all must pray, however small they be, That some day, anchoring on that distant shore, We may announce that we have seen the sea. ART Familiar to all partons of art is the name of Henry O. Tanner, who, under the inspira- tion of his ambition and the desire to perpetu- ate his religious ideals, has set the pace for all Negro painters. Many Negro artists, using the Negro as a subject, have earned the ad- miration of the world. In his death we eulo- gize Malvin Gray Johnson who has left stories, written in oil with his paint brush, of his devotion to Negro spirituals. In life we laud Aaron Douglas, whose portrayal of the life story of Harriet Tubman may be seen on the Wall of one of the buildings of Bennett Col- lege. Likewise, no undue praise can be given to Elmer Simms Campbell, whose ability is unexcelled. These men, while only a few in number, tell the story of the development of Negro art. Elizabeth Wallace. I 2? ir -' . 54, fs MAROON AND WHITE Page Forty-three A Song in His Heart It is remarkable that in the period from 1840-1870, the work of a number of Negro musicians demanded recognition from the cultured people of that time. This outstand- ing group included instrumentalists, singers, and orchestral ensembles. So much attention was given to the songs of the illiterate Negro that little is known of the strenuous efforts put forth by these artists to achieve recog- nition. Thomas J. Bowers, a great tenor, expresses the identical sentiment in a letter, in which he writes: What induced me more than anything else to appear in public was to give lie to Negro Serenaders Cminstrelsl, and to show the world that colored men and women could sing classical music as well as the members of the other race by whom they had been so terribly villifiedf' Interest and achievement in vocal music was set apace. Through the combined efforts of Negroes, Cincinnati, Ohio, became a music loving center by the organization called the Mozart Circle. The circle grew out of a choir of a Negro church in that city. It should be noted that the church has played a most im- portant part in the advancement and develop- ment of choral music. An excellent example of this is the Wings Over Jordan chorus which sprang from a Cleveland church choir to national renown on the networks. The Colored Olpera Company was formed in Washington, in 1872. Their performances were attended by the leading musicians of the country, who came more for the novelty of the affair than for its musical value. They were astounded, however, by the natural grace and outstanding ability of the troupe. Another group which attained success was the Philharmonic Society of New Orleans. It Page Forty-two was organized for the study and presentation of the classics. For some time after the Civil War, extensive use of old plantation melodies were repugnant to those of African descent because of the allusion to slavery which they wished to have obscured. Then too, many Caucasians be- lieved Negroes incapable of singing classics and wished them to exclude other music to those hymns. It was this attitude that caused most Negroes to plan an inadversion on Negro folk songs. But Harry F. Burleigh and others preserved these melodies by arranging them in the form of music we now know as spirit- uals. The Folk Song Festivals by Mrs. E. Azalia Hackley drew attention to the melodic beauty of the music. It reached large groups of people in every important city in the union. Now s-pirituals, though not regarded as the finer type of music, have their place on the program of outstanding choral organizations and leading concert artists. In 1919, a National Association of Negro Musicians was formed for the purpose of stimulating progress, to discover and foster talent, to mold taste, to promote fellowship and to advance racial expression. Since the prevalence and seeming preference for a period of jazz, the work of a number of Negroes in this field must not be overlooked. The earliest Negro jazz bands were those of James Reese Europe and Will Marion Cook. Will Marion Cook composed many jazz pieces that were hits in that period. Foremost today are the bands of Fats Wal- ler, noted pianist, Erskine Hawkins, Count Basie, Earl Hines, Ella Fitzgerald, Cab Callo- way and Duke Ellington. Duke Ellington has written a number of popular pieces for movie production besides the numerous others written solely for bands. Cab Calloway has composed a number of songs but they are generally for his own per- formances and not for publication. The late Chick Webb and Ella Fitzgerald were a most successful team. Ella Fitzgerald made hits of Chickls snappy songs and after his sudden death took his place as director of the Chick Webb Band. Another female director is Etta Moten, only Negro woman on the network regularly. Fletcher Henderson is held in responsibility for a large 'part of the success of Benny Good- man, for it is he who arranges the unique presentations of the Benny Goodman Band. Teddy Wilson was formerly a soloist in the band but now is director of his own ensemble. Also to be included in this group are: Max- ine Sullivan, who has had musical comedy MAROON AND WHITE ' 92' Q U' - , A' , f if if 1, 'YW g ', 4- 'f':f3g,.fgii f T . lil ' V ' , .,' rf W A l N t V! 3,2 tx . ' IV iff -N fx Si X' 7 l 7 f A , 'f y Y. J I! 34 Il . N ' 1' t '54 HQMQQ , W Y! 9 gl' Q' X41-f' 15: 15 ' 42742 ,fa .vu 4 .W 'ff .r-DU -5 V X! V ,I-.aw ,..s.,r-Jr r L elected to the All American football team, at Rutger College. He was an outstanding all- around athlete, being a 4-letter man. The director of athletics at Rutger says that Paul Robeson is regarded as the greatest living All-American football player and is now the greatest and the most prominent of its alumni. Men of the Negro race, taken as a Whole, seem to be the leaders along the line of phy- sical prowess but it is contrastingly notice- able that our women seem to have only a me- diocre amount of determination along that MAROON AND WHITE line. But supplimenting that mediocrity in the participation of sports is their undying in- terest in sports. No other race can produce finer, more interested or more intellectual feminine sports than those produced by our race. The names and excellent records of the fa- mous Negro sports figures will live forever and will be handed down as an eternal monu- ment to the physical and mental prowesses of the Negro race. Jerome Williams. Page Forty-one SPORT SCENES OF THE PAST , Boom! They're off! A line of three Causians and two Negroes, each striving to bring honor and glory to himself and to his school. Owens, one of the dusky boys takes the lead. Peacock, the other colored boy, is second. Peacock moves up. Jesse Owens and Eulace Peacock are run- ning neck and neck. The Sixty! The Seventy! The Eighty meter line! The nearest contest- ant is five meters behind. The two boys are battling all the way. Now, Owens is inching away from Peacock. One inch! Two inches! Three inches! Owens breaks the tape the win- ner-establishing a new world's record for the 100 meter dash and adding his name to the world's honor roll of sports. Our scene now shifts to Sydney, Australia on December 26, 1908, where two men are facing each other in the middle of the ring. 'Tommy Burns, the heavyweight boxing cham- pion of the world, is about to fight a Negro, Jack Johnson. Clang! The bell sounds. Round one. Both men are fighting a hard clean fight. Round two. Round three. Round four. Johnson seems to be the master of the fight now, although Burns is battling gamely. Round five. Round six. Round seven. It is grueling battle. Round eight, nine, ten, eleven. twelve. Burns seems to be weakening slowy but is gamely going on. Round thirteen. Burns seems to be having trouble in landing his blows. Round fourteen. Both men come cau- tiously out from their corners. Burns leads with a left jab which falls short. Johnson counter punches with rights and lefts. A right uppercut, a left hook, a right hook landed by Johnson. Burns is on the ropes. Johnson con- nects with a hard smashing right and down goes Burns for the count of 7, 8, 9, 10. Jack Johnson is the winner by a knockout and is the first Negro heavy-weight champion in the history of the world. Page Forty Now let us look in upon that memorable evening of June 22, 1937, when James J. Braddock the heavy-weight champion of the world is about to defend his title against Joe Louis. Clang! The bell and round one is on. Both boys move cautiously, feeling each other out. Round two. Round three. Louis is put- ting more steam behind his blows. Round four. Round five. Round six. Louis is open- ing up and Braddock is badly bruised. Round seven. Braddock is wobbly. Round eight. Braddock comes from his corner, game but unsteady. Louis meets him with two terrific left hooks. Down goes Braddock for the count of 10 and to Louis goes the first heavy-weight championship held by a Negro in 29 years, and the second in the history of the world. Other Negroes, too numerous to mention, some well known, and some practically un- known, have at one time or another, held a championship or arecord in the field of sports. Some of the most prominent among these are Henry Armstrong, who won three titles in the space of a years' timeg John Henry Lewis, retired light-heavy-weight championg John Borican, holder of record for the 1000 yard race ,David Albritton, Cornelius Johnson and Melvin Walker, co-holders of the world's high jump record which is six feet nine and three- fourths inches, Johnny Woodruff, holder of the 880 yard record, who tied the 440 yard record three times and who ran the half mile 2.2 seconds better than the world record. Kenny Washington, Brud Hollins, Fritz Pol- lard and Sidat Singh, all gridiron heroes of the first calibre, and Paul Robeson, generally known as a world famous singer, who was MAROON AND WHITE TATES ' ..4gv ,af E i 3 ,W WW ' : ' f - K I' . 2 X ?VX m ef? 61? 57 ,fl Q! 6K0 K QQ! -3 '47 QX ' Q X' 'J H i, i . Eefb l 'Ls DS ,-o ,Q No 7 WW 6.2.5 Q ax 'Nz' Qs aoolcen 'r wAsHlNcToN ' of n L- - ------------- - 1- l, 1- - . . 1 , 1-iii-11-1-1 ,A 'll --Ti' g ff f- 1 it . aj ff . . ,If , - - r .l-' 7 - 'ff 7- l . i ,::: . , -::-,- TX 47,u4 T l n:.-,x-.1 g- 55, N 1 D- : :W . -X 3 ' -'i ' ---- - W., 1 E V --:..:' Y-f K. is ,,,,. ' 1 '1'i':-'5 - 5 ' K .1 I-1 1 I' ff v s, v X :--..--1 - : ,f, , fi -- N N 'Tfx JW ': . f ' .--- - . Q Ni ,. :I f .H 1 fs, O. .-..-. 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J illltbillllll''f1:::::ll:lf:2fHCll L 4 .....i , 'I l 8 53: ::3::i,,,::::u:::,:,:, U 5 4 EHS, 925 IE? ,liiiii L . 0 1..-. 3:33. ,gggggggg - Y . : 1 g . -1 i' I' Ti - - Q- C E ......... ' ...HH I :nm I ' LII . . -- uliilllllm. ' -il 1 . llllllllllllIlllllellllllll l 13' , I I i 1 I I : 2 l : N ' , I , 3 '4- ll A vt 14 f - ... 1 fl ,1 05 Fl REPRODUCTION OF THE LATE BOOKER I LUQSHIDTOD STFIYTIP. One who will always be remembered as an outstanding leader and one who changed the colored people from a crying race into a try- ing race was Booker T. Washington. Such great esteem as he is held in by the nation, is shown by the fact that on April 7, 1940, the United States sold the first Booker T. Wash- ington stamp, carrying the photograph of this Father of Education of the Negro. MAROON AND WHITE Page Thirty-mme Horoscope As solemn concentration is rendered, the Sob-Sisters relate the future as they peer into the glowing crystal which is before them. Through the crystal they see many things in the future of our prospective seniors. As a hush comes over them they begin to tell all. Listen- We see: Sarah Freeman in flowing robes receiving her Ph. D. Degree from Columbia U. Dr. John Staples, the famous pediatrician, with flourishing practice in Naples, Italy. ' Vernon Butler and Raye Little partners in a famous chain of restaurants throughout the middle west. Those who pursued journalistic careers: Alice Bell, as the managing editor of the fashionable Barper's Hazaar Magazine. Dorothy Hayes and Jean Oliver style con- sultants on the same raz. Robbie Mae Green editorial Writer for the Philadelphia Peeper, one of the outstanding weeklies of the East. Among those who succumbed to the call of the theatre: Edna Sue Fulbright, as Broadway's most outstanding star, emoting before the footlights in that hat of three seasons, The Villian Is Vanquishedf' Lois Adamson, Richard Hancock, Ruth Gibbs and Nettie Marie Cody in a hilarious comedy success, which is touring South America. Ho1lywood's most renowned modiste, Domi- nica Bordeaux, creating styles for the stars, in her swanky establishment on Sunset Boule- Vard. Katie Mae Jackson, owner of the Les Femmes Fatales Beauty Solon on Fifth Avenue, New York City, whose patronage included the ravishing beauties of the town, Hedy Diana Duff Vanderbilt. Frank Smith as the famous producer, Pickle Ziggy Smith, whose revues have been colos- sal hits. Among those who race to fame as the Mellow Homogenized Milk Spots are Joe Strawbridge, Dewitt Harmon, Ruben Proudie and Herbert Sharpe. Also in the theatrical world I see Gray- thorn Heard, the King of the Sax, directing his orchestra from the pit of the swanky Hey- Hey Club in Harlem. Among his players are Raymond Eldridge, strumming the bass fiddle, and Ludwald Perry on the clarinet. Page Thirty-eight Leaving New York and treading back across the country to Molecule, Minn., We find David Finley, the renowned chemist, hovering over some species in his laboratory. Dr. Finley is devoting his life to the study of the intricacies of the cockleburr. In Cleveland, Ohio, Jane Bowles is seen in the midst of twenty-five tiny tots of pre-school age, at her modern and up-to-date nursery school. Back in New York, the sensational sur- realist, Thomas Suggs, is showing an exhibit of his most unusual collection. That outstanding novelist, Guyrena Knight, who is traveling in Tanganziha, gathering material for her proposed new book, Native Daughter, has just been awarded the Pulitzer prize for outstanding literary work of the year. Many strange cities, new sights-a world tour for the great baritone, Robert McFerrin, breaking all attendance records. Allene Knighten has made a record for her- self by appearing as guest artist with the great symphony orchestra of Europe and the United States. The great orator and senator from Colo- rado, Tommie Bufford, delivering a speech in the Senate Chamber proposing a bill for a bonus to Future Veterans of Foreign Wars. As buyer for an exclusive- Chicago women's apparel shop, Monzella Lee has become one of the many outstanding business women of the World. Capt. Nathaniel Covington, the ace air pilot, conducts a flying school at Tuskegee Institute. Rose Etta Alton, Berenice Perkinds, Mary Myers and Lillian Proctor are cited through- out the country as contented housewives. Gertha Brock is the adviser to the lovelorn, receiving thousands of letters daily from broken hearts all over the country. In the Dietetics Department of Homer Phillips Hospital we find Evelyn Arnold and Catherine Edwards officiating. Arthur Kirk, Earl Cook and Romey Tyler are streaking down the floor in the National Professional Basketball Tournament held in Pennsylvania. Frances Simms is limbering up the girls with her excellent gymnastic stunts and dances. 'fWatch and Observe closely or you will miss something. MAROON AND WHITE awe, 79410 SANFORD WHITE GERALDINE LEVY CW Englneef Rhythmic club, 'svg Blue Tri- Football, '39, Track Club, '40. angle, '38-'40. RAYMOND ELDRIDGE ROBERT HUGHES JAMES DAVIS Muswmn Coach or Mathematics and Model Aircraft Club, '36-'37: Radio Club, Gym Club, Sym- Health Teacher Photography Club, '37-'38g Or- phonic Band. Glee Clubg Track Team, Bas- chestra, '36-'40g Golf Club, '39- ketball Team. '40, HERBERT CARUTHERS NATHANIEL COVINGTON Music Teacher Aaeronautical Engineer Choir, '37-'40g Golf Club, '38- Golf Club, '36-'37g Track Team, '39, Music Appreciation. '39-'40. '38g Auto Drivers, '39, LEO HUTTON FRANK SMITH MILDRED DARRIS Physician and Surgeon Business Man Teacher of History Orchestra., German Club. Hi-Yg Boostersg Bachelors' Concert Band, Orchestra, '37- Club. '40g Ping Pong Club, '38-'40, Girls' Athletic Association. MARJORIE CHURCHWELL IRA HENDERSON Librarian Mail Clerk Reading Club, '38g Girls' Re- Golf Clubg Gym Team, Track serves, '39, Team. VINCENT WILBURN FRED TYLER GLADYS WILSON Mail Cleric Auto Mechanic Nurse Travelers' Club, '37-'39g Boys' Checker Club, '37-'40, Debating Know Your City Club: Junior Glee Club, '36-'39g Auto Drivers' Club, '39-'40. and Senior Boosters. Club, '40. ALBERTA FRANKS O'DELL DARRIS Nurse Nurse French Club, '38-'39g Etiquette Blue Triangle, '38-'403 Typing Club, '39, Mathematics, '38-39. Club, '38-'40, Orchestra, '37-'40, JOSHUA JONES MABLE WHITE ARVELLA COOPER Auto Mechanic Obstetrician Cateress S Club, '39-'40g Basketball, '38- Choir, Girls' Athletic Assocla- Know Your City Club, Ping '40g Volleyball, '39. tion 5 RhythmglC:,ubg Girls' Gym Pong Club. u . MAROON AND WHITE Page Thirty-seven '37-'38: Spanish Club, '39-'403 Seam REINETT ODELL HEARNS WARREN WILLIAMS D'ieti0ia'n Teacher nf History Gym Club, '37g Girls' Glee Club, Choir, '38-'39g Glee Club, '37 '38, Ping Pong Club, '37-'40. MARION PRIMUS Home Economies Teacher Glee Club, '37-'383 Rbyihmic Club, '38-'40, Ping Pong, '36. Instrumental Ensemble, '39-' 40. SYLVESTER CATHERINE EDWARDS MERRIWEATHER Dietfclan Teacher Robeson Dramatic Club, '37-'38, Hiking Club, ,37-'38 Glee Club, '3f53:53fl4bJuni0r Choir, GEORGE SHELTON MARCELLA WASHINGTON DWIGHT MCDANIEL Embalmer Teacher Postal Clerk Boys' Gym Team, '36-403 Boys' Girls' Gym Clubg Correspond- Typing Clubg Ping Pong Club Gym Club, '36-'40. ence Club: Know Your City Choirg French Club. Club g Hiking Club. Page Thirty-six M A R O O N A N D 'l i 5 WHITE Semcvm mee, 7940 ROBBIE MAE GREEN HERBERT SHARPE RUTH HENSLEY Attorney-at-Law Business Course Library Club, '39-'40, Girls' Sewing Club, '38g Library Club, '39 - ,Rlue Triangle, GEORGE SLEET Electrical Engineer Choir, '37-'38g Honor Society, '39-'40g Student Council, '37- '40g Young Citizens Board, '39. VERNON BUTLER Electrical Engineer Gym Team, '36-'37, Traveling Club, '37g Auto Mechanic, '38- '39g Boosters, '39-'40. NETTIE MARIE CODY Physician Table Tennis, '36-'37g Checker Club, '37-'38, Spanish Club, '39 '40Q Girls' Glee Club, '37- 39. RUTH TUTT Glee Clubg Junior Boosters 3 Red Domino Dramatic Club. EVELYN LEWIS YVONNE KEATON ARTHUR KIRK Social Worker Nurse Industrial Art Teacher Know Your City Club, '38g Ping Glee Club, '36-'37g Choir, '37- Basketball, '37-'40g Track Team, Pong Club, '37-'39g Glrls' Gym '38g Robeson Dramatic Club, '36-'39, Ping Pong Champ, '37g Club, '38-'40. '39-'40. Volleyball, '39-'40. I WILLETTE PYLES QUENTIN RICE Teacher Industrial Art Teacher Honor Society, '39-'40, Student Glee Club, '38-'39g Hi-Y, '37- Council, '38-'40 5 Spanish Club, '40, Usher Council, '38-'40 Q Gym '39, Camera Club, '40, Team, '38-'40, MARION JOHNSON BERNICE PERKINS ESTHER GOLDEN Photographer Kindergarten Teacher Music Teacher Girls' Rhythmic Club, '36 -'37g Hiking Club, '37-'38 5 Know Your City Club, '38-'39, Negro His- tory Club, '39-'40. Robeson Dramatic Club: Blue Triangle Clubg Checker Clubg Mathematics Club. Hockey Team, '38-'39g Boosters, '37-'40. - DAVID FINLEY Mathematics or Science Teacher Hi-Y, '39-'40g National Honor Society, '39-'40, Student Coun- cil, '38-'40, Football Team, '37- '39. GERTHA BROCK Blue Triangle Club, '36-'40: Ll- brary Club, '40g Annual Staff, '40g Sumner Scoopers, '39-'40. ROBERT HUGHES DOROTHY HAYES ISABEL WOODSON WILLIAM BRADLEY Coach Teacher of Art Beautician Chemist - Ch ' , '37-'40g St d t C 'l, Gi l ' Gle Cl bg G Club: Robeson Dramatic Club: Check- G'eeBfSl,lf,?gb,3fag-llagfam' 'asgllog Ping Porhlgenclufullziczl- Jullfor Bogstergg Boo3limLovers' er Clubg I-Il-Yg Science club. ' Debating Society, '39-'40. Club. ONEIDA BELL HOUSTON CLARK, JR. EDNA GRANT Teacher Artist Stenogfflflhef Typing Club, '38 3 Boosters' Club, Hiking Club, '36 - '37 3 Camera Etiquette . Club: Library Club, - 1 ' ' -' . - G lf Club, '39-'40. '40: Tyvlnfr Club. '38: Know '36-'37, Negro HISIOTY, 39- 40. Club, 38 39, 0 MAROON AND WHITE Your City Club, '39. Page Thirty-five Semcfm .mee 1940 LENETTA BROOKENS CLARENCE COVINGTON AVIS MARTIN Teacher Trade Teacher Hiking Club, '37, Checker Club, Hi-Y, '38-'40, Track Team, '37- Rhythmic Club, '36-'40, Choir, '39, Spanish Club, '40. ,383 Choir, '37-'39, '37-'40, Glee Club, '37. HELEN HUNT CORNELIUS TURNER GEORGE POWERS BEATRICE POWELL Teacher Postal Clerk Electrical Engineer Typist Hiking Club, '36-'37, Vvriting Track Team, '37-'40, Boys' Glee Boys' Glee Club, Choir, Radio Etiquette Club, Cooking Club, Club, '37-'38. Club, '38. Club, Track Team. Sewing Club, Typing Club. SARAH HUDLEY Mathematics Teacher Blue Triangle, '38-'40, Girls' Glee Club, '38, Ping Pong Club, JOSEPH STRAWBRIDGE Carpenter Football, '37-'39, Gym, '36-'37, Booster, '38-'39, ADA WHITE H ome Economics Teacher Solo Club, '37-'38, Typing Club, '39 , Girls' Drum and Bugle, '37, '40, Girls' Gym Club, '37-'38. Negro History Club, '39-'40, MARVEL MINGO I-IAZEL GARNER MARY WILLIAM BERNICE BELL Nurse Librarian Stenographer Teacher Girls' Gym Club, '37-'38, Know Reading Club, '39, Know Your Book Lovers' Club, Etiquette Glee Club, Junior Choir, '39-'40, Your City Club, Girls' Glee City Club, '39, Table Tennis C1ubgGlee Club, Girls' Athletic Typing Club, '38, Music Club, Club, '37-'39, Choir, '39-'40. Club, '37-'39. Association. '39-'40. LILLIAN PROCTOR LUDWALD PERRY Librarian Biologist Negro History Club,Know Your Golf Club, '39-'40, Band, '39, City Club, Camera Club. Orchestra, '39 -'40, Scoopers. '39-'40, IRENE JACKSON Social Science Teacher Know Your City Club, '36-'7, Ping Pong Club, '37-'38, Jour- nalism Club, '39-'40. MURIEL WALKER Home Economics Teacher THOMAS SUGGS Artist REUBEN PROUDIE Physical Education Teacher ROSIE ETTA ALTON School Teacher Mathematics Club, '36-'37, Mu- sic Club, '39,g3Qg8French Club, ALICE BELL Grade School Teacher Know Your City Club, '37-'38, Gym Club, '37-'38, Track Club, Football Team, '38-'40, Basket- Ping Pong Club, '39-'40, Girls' '37, Football, '38-'39. ball Team, '38-'40, Track Team, Athletic Association. '40, Boosters, '39-'40. REMA BELL GEORGE PRICE Teacher Journalis and Poet Student Council, '37-'40, Ping Boosters, Ping Pong, '38-'39-'40. Pong Club, '39-'40. Red Domino Dramatic, '37-'38, Sumner Scoop, '39-'40, National Honor Society, '39-'40, MAROON AND WHITE Page Thirty three f 'h Sewfu MARIE VERDELL JOHNSON AUSTIN NICHOLS Teacher Artist Red Domino Dramatic Club, '38- Glee Club, Choir, Track Team, '39, Ping Pong Club, '39-'40. German Club. awe, !l940 MONZELLA LEE Nurse Rhythmic Club, '36, Glee Club, '37-'38, Golf Club, '39-'40, Bas- ketball Team, '37. JOHNNIE MAE JOHNSON GRAYTHORN HEARD SANDY CALLICOTT GLADYS DANIELS Teacher of Typewriting Chemist Postal Clerk Concert Singer Girls' Glee Club, '37-'39, Sewing Orchestra, '39-'40, Band, '39, Typing Club, '37 - '38, Track Rhythmic Club, '36-'38, Span- Club, '36, French Club, '39-'40, Hi-Y, '39-'40, Team, '37, Football, '39, Bas- ish Club, '39-'40, Etiquette Club, Spanish Club, '38-'39. ketball Team, '38, '38-'39. MELENIA COTTON ARTHUR WESTFIELD MAMIE ELNORA HUBBARD Nurse Newspaper Photographer Teacher Hockey Team, '38, Hiking Club, Camera Club, Golf Club, Music Choir, '37 -'40, Blue Triangle, '37, Girls' Gym Club, '39-'40, Club. '38-'40. Typing Club, '36. THEODORE RANDALL ROSIE LEE MORGAN BETTY TORIAN VINCENT SAUNDERS Chemist Teacher Postal Clerk Band, ,37-,39: Orchestra' ,38. Chemistry Club, '38-'39, Band, Sewing Club, '36-'37, Ping Pong Red Domino, '36, Star Gazers, '40, Gym Club, '37, Hi-Y, '39- '37, Orchestra, '37-'40, Club, '39-'40, Rgd Domino, '38- '37, Gym Club, '27, Glee Club, '40. '4 . '37-'3 . ., HAZEL JONES THEODORE CHAMBERS Teacher in Theological School Embalmer German Club, '39 - '40 , Nefgro Hiking Club, '36 - '37 , Camera History Club, '37-'38, Mathe- Club, '38-'39, Golf Club, '40. matics Club, '36-'37, LETASKA STEPHENS MARGIE WALL ALBERTA Beautician Teacher Girls' Gym Club, Correspond- Gym Club, '36-'37, Blue Tri- ence Club, Etiquette Club. angle, '36-'38gqPir5g Pong Club, ' .-'4 . ROSEMARY SHELTON LESLIE JACKSON Kindergarten Instructor Art Teacher Choir, Girls' Glee Club, Ger- Radio, '36, Band, '36, Orches- man Club, Boosters. tra, '37 - '39,,39Clt18cker Champ, MAROON AND WHITE RUBY VILLARS Physical Education Teacher Gym Club, Hiking Club, Con- cert Band, Girls' Athletic As- sociation. FRANKS NONA B. RASBERRY Nurse Golf Club, Sewing Club, Glee Club, Spanish Club. LYDIA STONE Stenograp her Girls' Gym Club, Piano and Instrumental Club , Boosters , Girls' Athletic Association. Page Thirty-one N. -4' Semcvw une, 11940 GAINELL HANCOCK GEORGE NORTON FRANCES THOMAS Teacher of Art Teacher of Business Postal Clerk Gi,-15' Rhythmic Club, '36-'40' Glee Club, Choir, Boys' Gym Typing, '36, Etiquette, '38,Cor- Team, Ping Pong Club. respondence, '39-'40. NELLIE KEEL Music Instructor Piano and Instrumental Ensem- LEWIS JONES Physician and Surgeon Bachelor Club, '37-'39, Spanish CALVIN MERRIWEATHER Government Inspector Typewrlting Club, '36-'37, Gym VIVIAN JAMES Teacher Camera Club, '364'37, Spanish ble, '37-'33: Frederick, 13011318-SS Club, '39-'40, Club, '37-'38, Basketball Team, Club, '38-'39, French Club, '40. Debating SOCIGCY, '39- 409 Type '39-'40, Boosters, '39-'40. Club, '38-'39. VELMA BURTON HERSHELL WILLIAMSON CLEO TAYLOR choir, 'ss-'39, Golf Club, '3s- Ama' D'e'w m '40, Glee Club, '38-'39. Choir, '37-'40, Boosters, '38-'40, Ping Pong, '36 -'37, Boosters, Boys' Glee Club, '36. '37 -'38, Corrgsplcandence Club, '3 -' . FRANCES SIMMS MATTIE MARIE MOORE KATHERYN ROSS LUCY BERRY ' Physical Education Teacher Secretary Stenographer Concert Soloist National Honor Society, '39-'40, Typewriting Club, '39-'40, Refi Glee Club, German Club, Type- Rhythmic Club, '38, Basketball, Girls' Rhythmic Club, '36-'40, Domino Club, '38-'39, Junior writing Club. '37-'39, Solo Club, '38-'40. Choir, '37-'38, All Girls' Athletic Boosters, '37-'38, Sewing Club, Team, '36-'40. '36-'37. DORIS GRAY CHARLES STURGEON RODENA BELL Christian Science Nurse Fireman or Policeman Dress Designer Choir, '38-'40, Girls' Glee Club, Track, '36, Booster, '38 -'40, Red Domino Club, '37, Know '37, Robeson Dramatic Club, Football, '39-'40. Your City Club, '37-'38, Jour- nalist Club, '39-'40. KATIE MAE JACKSON ROMEY TYLER AUGUST ROBINSON CATHERINE McGUFFERY Beautician Physician Physician Portrait Artist Gym Club, '37, Traveling Club, Track, '36-'40, Basketball, '38- Track Team, '37-'40, Boys' Glee Gym Club, '37- '38, Rhythmic '38, Golf Club, '40, '40, Volleyball, '39-'40, S Club, Club, '37, Choir, '38-'40. Club, '36-'3735 Readers' Club, '40. ' -' . OLLIE WASHINGTON WOODFIN LEWIS EVELYN ARNOLD Stenographer Mathematics Teacher Nurse Girls' Glee Club, '37-'38, Girls' Gym Club, Glee Club, Choir, Hiking Club, '38, Negro History Gym Club, '37 -'40, Spanish Track Team. Club, '39 -'40, Boosters' Club, Club, '39, Girls' Athletic Asso- '36-'37. clatlon Club, '3 9. MAROON AND WHITE Page Twenty-nine 11 i ll 5 . .,,,,l m4e,f9' 0 OTTIE MICHEAU ROBERT MCFERRIN HARRIET WILLIAMS Robeson Dramatic Club, '37,-40: Concert Singer Concert Pianist Annual Staff, '38-'40. Choir, '36-'40, Solo Club, '37- Rhythmic Club, '37, Etiquette '40, German Club. Club, '38eh Camglgasgllub, '39, oir, ' -' . RICHARD HANCOCK DOMINICA BORDEAUX SARAH FREEMAN HERBERT SHARPE Teacher Physical Education Director Business Man Dress Designer Girls' Glee Club, '37, Spanish Football, '37-'39, Track Team, Robeson Dramatic Club, '38-'40, Blue Triangle Club, '37-'40, Glee Club, '38, Student Council, '38- '36-'40, Boosters, '37-'38. Hi-Y, '39-'40, Choir, '39 -'40, Club, '37-'39, Ping Pong Club, '40, National Honor Society, Student Council, '38-'40. '39-'40, Annual Staff, '40. '39-'40. RUTH GIBBS RAYE LITTLE DORIS BERRY Teacher Writer Dietician Typing Club, Journalism Club, Track Team, '36, Hi-Y, '39-'40, Rhythmic Club, '39 -'40, Base- Know Your City Club, Camera Debating Team, '39-'40, Student ball Team, '39, Hockey Team, Council '38-'40. '39, Basketball Team, '39, Club. MABEL TREAUD Foreign Language Teacher h Club '40 ' Blue Triangle LOIS ADAMSON Grade School Teacher Red Domino Dramatic, '36-'37, Know Your City, '37-'38, Ping Pong Club, '39-'40. JEAN OLIVER Teacher National Honor Society, '39-'40, Blue Triangle, '37-40, German Club, '38, Ping8Pong Club, '37- MARY MYERS ' English Teacher Student Council, '38-'40, Blue Triangle, '37-'40, National Hon- or Society, '39-'40, Young Citi- zens Board, '39. Frenc , , Club, '38 - '40 g Girls' Rhythmic Club, '37 -'40, National Honor Society, '39-'40. CONSTANCE HOFFMAN ROBERT R. HUDSON Civil Service Worker Nurse i '36' Know Your Boys' Glee Cluibj, '38, Spanish, Red Dom no, , City, '37-'38, Handicraft Club, '38, Table Tennis, '40. ALLENE KNIGHTEN Music Instructor Honor Society, '39-'40, Blue Trl- angle, '39 - '40, Choir, '36 - '40, Annual Staff, '40. ARDELL WHITMORE EDNA SUE FULBRIGHT ROBERT PAYNE EARL COOK Art Teacher Hi-Y, ,38-,405 Usher Council, Chiropodist Teacher Blue Triangle Club, '37-'40, '39-'40, Young Citizens Board, Basketball Team, '38-'39, Track Gym Club, '36-'37, Ping Pong Cl b, '39, Golf Club, '38-'40. Team, '37-'40, Hi-Y, '38-'40: Club, '39-'40, Student ouncll, Usher Council, '38-'40. '38-'40, Natio519a.l4I6Ionor Society, Choir, '38-'40, Ping Pong u '37-'38, Rhythmic Club, '38. JANE BOWLES Social Worker National Honor Society, '39-'40, Student Council, '38-'39, Blue Triangle Club, '36-'40, Robeson Dramatic Club, '39-'40. MAROON AND WHITE WILLIAM WRIGHT Artist Hi-Y, '39-'40, Ping Pong, '37- '39 '40, '38, Auto Mechanic, - Artist Club, '37-'38. GUYRENA KNIGHT English Teacher Honor Society, '39-'40, Annual Staff, '40, Rhythmic Club, '37- '40, Sumner Scoop, '39-'40. Page Twenty-seven 4, 15, C lan 'Officerf June, R JOHN STAPLES I'lLysir4i11n llfmor Soviety, '39 - '40: C'l1niI', '38-'354g Buys' GIG? Club, 'BTQ Truck Team, '3T. ROBERT EDWARD FAGEN ELIZABETH XVALLACE Sm-ir1I Svimzrr' 7'f'ur-lwr 'l'vurI1,rr Ili-Y, '39 - '-105 Vslxer Cuuncil, Iihythmic Ululm, '37-'40: Student 'SKU - '40g l'l1ui1', '39 - '401 Gym Council, '354-'4U: National llun- 'lN9ZLlll, '37-'38. ' ' ' MAROON AND WHITE UI b-um-lety, '39-'-103 Blue 'Fri- anpzle, '38-'40. Pagu Twenty-fave Serum J MAXINE BERRY Grade School Teacher Robeson Dramatic, '37-'40g Cub Journal, '39-'40. OBLENIS WHITFIELD Physical Education Teacher Camera Club, '37g Gym Club, '36g Handicraft, '39. FRANDALIA GARRETT Grade School Teacher Glee Club, '36-'38g Blue Tri- angle, '39 - '40 9 Robeson Dra- matic, '37-'40 g!33Vour1g Citizens, PHYLLIS BUTLER Stenographer Good English, '36-'37, Spanish Club, '37-'39g Glee Club, '37-'38. MAURICE LARKIN ICELINA MIXON Musician Nurse Orchestra and Band, '36-'38g Hiking Club, '36, Solo and In- Cartoon Club, '36g Swing Band, strument, '37, Check Club, '37 '38-'39. MARVELLA MATTINGLY Steno grapher Good Enzlish, '36g Red Domino, '37, Spanish, '38, OSCAR LONG Music Teacher Choir, '35 -'37, Orchestra, '38- '39g Piano Ensemble, '36-'39 Senior Band, '36-'39. Page Twenty-four FRANCES JOHNSON Physical Education Teacher Jr. Boosters, 38-'39, Golf Club '39, Sr. Boosters, '36, MAROON AND WHITE annafzq, 7940 HERMAN STREETER HELEN MATTHEWS Domestic S'0ic'm'e Teacher BESSIE LAWRENCE EVELYN OLDHAM Soprrzno Soloist Gym Team, '36g Spanish Club, '37-'38g Gulf Club, '39-'40. ELIZABETH HARRIS Dirtirirm Choir, '36-'-10. CHARLES PERKINS Airplane Uluhg Hamlin Club. INEZ EVANS JEAN MCCLENDON HOLLY MAE BUTLER Nurse IIIIXIIIIHIC Club, '36-'40. Seam RAYMOND JONES Civil Engineer Gym Team, '36, Table Tennis, '36 g Bachelors' Club, '37 3 Typing Club, '37, CONSTANCE GRAHAM LEON MCFARLAND Nurse Football. Hiking Club, '37, Jr. Boosters, '38, Sr. Booster, '39, Rhythmic Club, '36, JUSTINE TURNER Grade School Teacher .. Gym Team, '36g Table Tennis, '38-'39. EVELYN WILLIAMS LARRY WILLIAMS Domestic Science Teacher Musician Know Your City Club, '37, Jr. Golf Club, '37 -'40Z OFCTIESUH Roosters, '38, Typing Club, '37, '36-'40, Swingsters, '38-'39. Spanish Club, '38-'39. CHARLES LOWENS JEAN MCCLENDON OLIVIA VAILS Physical Education Tcnclzer lvrum and Bugle. '36-'38 1 Boost ers, '36-'37, Rhythmic Club, '37 '40. Art Teacher PRESTON HICKS 1'l1ysir111l Erlucution 7'frm'1Ler QMMJJZQ, 19410 NANCY FIELDS Stcnogrrrplicr Glee Club, '3T: SDH-'UiSl1 Club. '393 Gym Team, '36g Golf Club, Bf'111ltir'i11n Pina: Pong: f'lub, '3 '39-'4O. INEZ EVANS PINK HARRIS Aiiifltor 63 Hiking Glco Club, '36-'38g Camera Club, Club. '37, '38-'39, Club, '36: Spanish Rell Domino Club, '38. GERALDINE HOLLAND Grrrdf- Sr-lmul 7'f-1u'l:f'r Kumi' Your City, '37-'38: Span- ish, '38-'30, Ihiqiwtte, '38-'30, EDXVARD BENBOIV ARZELLA MCKINNEY l'l1ysif'ul Eflzwrrtirnz 'l'0r1r'l1r'1' Nrrrsv MARY PENNY Nursrr Ililciug Club, '36-'37, Etiquette Club, '38-'3!I, EMMA FORD EDVVARD HAMILTON Grfltlf Srlmal 7'z'1lr-lim' Luu'ye1' lliking' Club, '363 'Fyping' Club, Gym Club, '36-'40, Vim.: POIIH, '3fig Know Yuux' Uity l'lub, '3TZ '36, Spanish Ulub, 38. EARL REED Hi-Y, '38-'40, Radio Club, '37- '40g Student Council, '37-'40. ,,m,W,,,,T,..,,,,.,, .,,A L. Swim FAMOUS WALLACE ETTA FOWLER DE WITT BILLINGSLY Nurse Pharmacist Gym Team, '36-'37 3 .lr. Bnosters, Glee Club, '37, Golf Club, '37 '37-'38, Typing Club, '38-'-10. '39, Student Council, '37-'40 Hi-Y, '37-'40. ORA LEE RICHARDSON llikinp: Club, '36, Jr. Boosters, .36-, MARY LEE 39, Blue Triangle, '38-'40. ABIGAIL KNOX Nurse Gym Club, '36-'40g Letter Club '39-'40, Know Your City Club '37-'38. BERNARD EDVVARDS U7'Ltll?I'lflLli'C7' Camera Club, '37, Radio Club, LEROY HICKS Auto Meclianif-, '36: Gym 381 Boxing Club, '39, VIRDIE MAE BELL Hrziluray Mail Cleric Domestic Science Teacher Team. Gnoml English Club, '36 - '37 3 g Typ- Spanish Club, '37-'39. 375 French Club, '38-'39 ing Club, '3T. JUANITA BROCK Typing Club, '37: Gym Club, '38g Golf Club, '39, In ALI NE WATKI NS Dress Designer 7, f94f0 Hiking' Club. '36, Know Your City Club, '38: Gund l'Inp:,'lisl1, 365 Gulf, '31P. ELAINE SUTER ARNOLD VVILLIAIVIS Gm- muh, '36g fm-hem-a, '37- 'l', m l I H 'mW 'flllg liolvesun, '37-'31I, Gle-e Club, 'RT-'38, Gym Team, '36-'40, Hi-Y, '37-'40g 'l'Fa1'k, CLINTON HARRIS Ab- 40. l'Irysir'ul Eclalvutiun 7'mzr'lLer NATHALIE FISHER ALICE KIRKIVIAN Grade Svlmol Teurher V Nursc' Gym Club, '36, Typing Club, '36-'3Tg Spanish Club, '37-'39' Gulf cum, 'sn-'40. ' JOSEPHINE NEAL Novelist Creative XVx'itin::, '39, FLOYDZELL JACKSON PERRY COLEMAN English 'l'f'!ll'1!I'7' Awfigt Rell l1uminn,'36-'37 1 Gym Team, A A I '37-'38, Spanish, '38, Boosters, '38-'40, WILLIAM JOHNSTON Ilrwtur Gym Team, '36, Ping Pun: C '37, Auto Mem-hanic, '38. lub, 12.13 My emcvm an VAN DORN WILLIAMS Arclzitfrt Glee Club, '36: Choir, '38-'3fU: Gym Team, '36g Ping' Pong, '38, EFFIE SUTTON ELVESSIE JONES Nurse Nurse Boosters, 'BEM '1'ypin5','.Club. '38: Good English, '36: Ping pong Orchestra- 'gf' 334 Club, '37, Gym Team, '38, Golf, '39-'40. JULIA STEVENSON Dictician Girls' Gym Team, '37Z VOCRI Ensemble. '38: Choir, '38-'39, Solo Club, '39. MARION WATSON ELOISE DRUMMOND Iinsilicss Mun Dietirian Ili-Y, '37-'40, Orrhestra, '36-'40, Golf Club, '36-'37g Gym Team. Camera Club, '39-'40, French '37-'38g Travelers' Club, '38-'39. Club, '39-'40, SARA COHRON lkigztirimz, Camera Uluh, '37-'39, French Club, '38-'40, Know Your City Club, '36-'3T. EUGENE CUOPER VIRGINIA CHERRY Pnstul Clvrlu 1fi1'L!lC1'gtH'f!?l1, T!'!ll'lI!'7' Gym Club, '3G: Glee Club, '36: Blue Triangle, '37-'38, French Club, '38-'39. ADA PIPES y , i940 BERNADINE THORNELBY Du!-tor lihytbmif' Club, '36-'3T: Houst- ers, '37-'40. DOROTHY MOSELEY ALVIN ALEXANDER Nurse Civil Snr:-ive Whrkcr Gym Team, '36: Jr, Boosters and Sr. Boosters, '38, Golf, '39, Blue 'l'riang'Ie, '39. JOSEPHINE NEAL Novelist Creative Vl'ritim,1', '39. JACK ELLIS CLETUS BORDEAUX Postal Clerk :11'07lfif?l'f Golf Club '36' Bnvs' Clmkin' G 'm Club, '36-'40. . , . P- 5 Club, '36, Spanish Club, '37-'39. VVILLIE LEE ASKEW Nurse lliliing Club, '36-'38, Know Your City Club, '37, Glee Club, '37-'38, Spanish Club, '37-'39, THEONIA SMOOT JEFFERSON GRADY ETHIUSII Tf'fI!'Ill,'7' Gym Club, 363 Auto. Men-harlic' Student Cuunvil. '37-'39, Robe- 31 C Guli Vlfllhl 33' 391 H1-5, sun llramativ, '38. -55 'l0- EARL SCHAFER lf1lcr'trir'rzl Ifmlinvrfv' Gym Team, '37-'38, Pub Juur- nal, '3Sr-'40: German Club, TKT. Semcvfw FRANCES ATKINS Seamstress Know Your City Club, '38, Blue Triangle, '38-'40, Spanish Club, '39. ROBERTA BANKS FRANK WOODSON Detective Plbysiciau Gym Team, '36, Spanish Club, Glee Club, '36-'37, Boys' Gym '37-'40, Team, '36-'40, Honor Society, '39-'40, Harvard Award, '39. HENRY BERRY Contractor Senior Orchestra, Camera Club, Music Band Ensemble. LOUISE RUSSEL ARTHUR WOODSON Mechanical Engineer Choir, '38-'40g Gym Team, '36- '40g Track, '36-'39, Solo Club, '35-'3'7. ,fa fb., BERENICE LYONS QV . Social Service Worker ' Red Domino, '36-'40, Rhythmiv, '37-'39, Library Club, '39, Blue Triangle, '36-'40, 3- JESSE SHANKLIN LUTITIA HUGHES choir, '37 -'40, Book Lovers' BUCWHCMW1 Club, '37, Red Domino, '36-'39, Hiking Club, '37: Know Your Mixed Octet, '39, City, '39, Etiquette, '39. RUFUS YOUNG Civil Serivicc Worker Hi-Y, '39 -'40, Vsher Council, l39-'40, Ping Pong, '37-'38, Ger- man Club, '39. FREDERICK ALSTON 11TC'llfffCf'tll7'fll Drrzftsmrm j , ERNESTINE YVOOTEN 19410 PERMALEE SMITH Sully and lnStrument f'Iub, '37- , N v -. , f ,. '383 Typing Club, '38g Negro fgigfffgengliillillllii'Hg?-Pgglyhnxilj llistory Club, '30-'40g B4lllSliFl'S, Y, '39-'40 . wo. VELMA GAIKINS .'I1utl1r'mr1tif-.S 7'r'ur'l1f'7' Flunur' Sm-ivty, 'fiil- IO: Stunlvnt t'nun1'il, '38-'4llg Spanish Club, Sb- 383 1j'lllFlQ,' Club, '3li. HELEN WOODS EDWARD EDMONDSON Nurse Clmrirg. 3T - '40 3 Typing ' Clubg Camera Club, '38 ,403 lfiking bplflt of SUIIIHBF, 38- 39. Club, '36. JAMES SUGGS lflrvtrif-al If'YHlf77,f'!'7' Sr. Buusters, '393 Auto Club, '38-'39, HENRIETTA BUFORD QUEEN ESTHER COTTON DfFfffff ' Sewing cum, '36-'37g Solq Club Gund English, '36-'37 5 Hefl llom- 383 Glee Ellub, Y33rs3g Euquette inn, '38-'ilflg Student Council, u '30-'40: Typing' Club, '38. ANN JOHNSTON llllung' Uluh. '361 Spanish Ulub '28 Grl 11' Club, '393 Blue 'l'1'il angle, '39-'40, EAZEMAQI Smzcm ELMER HARVEY, Class President Dorftnr Gym Team, '36-'403 GIGS Club, '36-'37, Choir, '37 -'40g Hi-Y, '38-'40. MARY LOUISE TURNER BETTYE EDMONDSON Writer Class Treasulel Student Council, '38-'40, Honor Nurse Society, '39-403 Blue Hriangle, Rhvth - C11 '36,-3 T '36-'40g French club, '37-'3s. Chfb, '12, flfulele, yfjinlg quette, '39 MABEL THAMES, Vice-President of Class Physical Education Teacher Basketball, '37-'40g Volleyball, '38-'39, Boosters, '39-'40g Drum and Bugle, '36. v r . S 4 Qs 11 'Lg -1 A ,. jx ,ff ,. .4 1 X 4 l 1. ,, . 1 . . 1 .1 . 4 ,img L 1 1,4-bg . 'k IA Q A 0 A New Day In hopefulness, our hearts have heard The ancient tribal drum While through the mist and mire and darkness We have come. Our days knew not the shining sun, Our nights knew not the moon, But courage in the face of trials Was our boon. Great God, to whom our dusky eyes Have upward turned to pray, Help us to find the blessed light Of a new day. Naomi C. Long. Page Twelve MAROON AND WHITE SCIENCE Mr. O. V. Green Mr. E. Ferguson Mr. W. S. Hackney Mr. W. L. Skinner Mr. W. T. Smith Miss L. R. Williams COMMERCIAL Mr. U. S. Donaldson FOREIGN LANGUAGE Mr. J. H. Carter Miss G. E. Crutcher Mr. J. J. Green Miss B. L. Patterson INDUSTRIAL ARTS Mrs. W. H. Grady Miss F. E. Johnson Mr. H. L. Phillips Mr. O. A. Thornton FINE ARTS Miss G. L. Nichols Mr. J. C. Carpenter Miss O. Bradshaw isubstitutel MAROON AND WHITE PHYSICAL EDUCATION Mr. W. H. J. Beckett Mr. L. P. Garrett Miss A. B. Holmes Miss C. M. M. Spotts MUSIC Mr. S. L. Henderson Mr. W. D. Walton UNCLASSIFIED ROOM Miss B. E. Coleman LIBRARIAN Miss O. M. Durden SPEECH Miss G. N. Dixon HEALTH DIVISION Dr. E. J. Davis Miss A. N. Haskell CLERKS Mr. A. B. Styles Miss I. E. Hawkins Miss A. M. Thomas Page Teri swam GW. sm naw, ENGLISH Miss G. A. Alford Mr. C. H. Anderson Mr. J. C. Carpenter Miss V. S. Hunter Miss A. M. Parker Mrs. R. S. Scott Mr. G. B. Stafford Miss M. C. Taylor Miss N. E. Walton SOCIAL STUDIES Mr. W. J. Beatty Miss M. A. Clark Mr. P. E. Davenport MR. G. D. BRANTLEY Principal MR. S. H. DREER Assistant Principal Miss P. A. Davis Mr. R. B. E. Hayman Mr. R. A. Hudlin Mr. A. S. Jackson Miss O. M. Merriweather Mr. H. P. Payne MATHEMATICS Mr. R. K. Fox Mr. C. H. Harper Mr. C. Marshall Miss A. K. Rhodes Mr. L. V. Williams Miss W. E. Woods MAROON AND WHITE Mr. Herman S. Dreer Assistant Principal and Authority on Negro History THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY OF NEGRO HISTORY As other races and nations advance upon the basis of their achieve- ment, so must the Negro. Mohammed Askia, the conquerorg Moshoeshoe, the statesmang Booker Washington, the educator and apostle of inter- racial goodwillg Frederick Douglass, the champion of democracyg Tous- saint L'Ouverture, the generalg and Matzeliger, the inventor, bear Witness to the versatility and the genius of the Negro. No one can know the history of the Negro as the parent race of civilizations and regard himself as inferior. May this Annual of the Sumner High School, dedicated to Negro achievement, be read carefully by boys and girls of various races! All need to know that the Negro has given signally not only to our American civilization, but also to other civilizations of the world. gk zh- MAROON AND WHITE Page Name Greetings : This 1940 edition of the Maroon and White is a distinct contribution by pupils of the Sumner High School. It represents cooperation of teachers and pupils with the 'Sponsor and Staff. I am pleased to extend congratula- tions to those who have labored diligently in this publication. Sincerely, G. D. BRANTLEY, Principal. Mr. George Dennis Brantley Principal of Charles Sumner High School A Diamond Jubilee That, on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held slaves within any states or designated part of a state, the people 'whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thence- forioard, and forever free . . . And upon this Act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God. Just seventy-five years ago, the Emancipa- tion Proclamation gave a new birth of freedom to approximately four million wearied Negro slaves. These people had been in America since its very beginning and had shared its hardships and burdens as the young country grew in wealth and power. During this era, when slavery often reached the point of in- human brutality, one solace to the hearts of these people was the soul stirring spirituals which they sang. In these songs were poured the cry of human beings under the cruel lash of slavery--the lament of doubts and fears- and a dismal feeling of misery. But when Abraham Lincoln issued that great document on January 1, 1863, in spite of his dark past, the Negro was able to lift his head and see a gleam of light beyond another tomorrow. That page of life which was dark and blotted was turned over to a shining new leaf, ready to record his achievements in the forthcoming years. And so, in this streamlined era of 1940, we celebrate a Diamond Jubilee - a praise of and thanksgiving for some progress of the Negro race. Allene Knighten. MAROON AND WHITE PageSeven wma Mr was naw sw EDITORS-IN-CHIEF Mary Louise Turner, January William McAllister, June BUSINESS MANAGER Lawrence A. Still ASSISTANT MANAGERS Ermine Bush Margaret Bowles Gladys Hulbert LITERARY EDITOR Westey East ASSIS'TANT LITERARY EDITORS Naomia Long Willette Pyles Elizabeth McAllister Allene Knighten Gertha Brock Jane Bowles Elizabeth Wallace Jewel Busch ADDITIONAL LITERARY CONTRIBUTORS Sarah Freeman Frances Gotier Frances Simms Austin Nichols Ermine Bush William Morman Emma Cane Elizabeth McAllister Virginia Suggs Jerome Williams Margaret Bowles J ohny Lou Burns Mary Turner George Price THEME POETESS Naomi Long PHOTOGRAPHER George Carper ASSISTANT PHOTOGRAPHER Edward Parks ART CONTRIBUTORS Harriette Williams Mabel Treaud Mary Meyers Dominica Bordeaux Ardell Whitmore Jean McClendon Jean Flowers Dorothy Stubbs Lyle Suter James Gordon Alexander Evans Harold Wright Helen Casey Austin Nichols Herman Thomas Jessie Burke Catherine McGuffrey Vi-vivian Crawford TYPISTS Ermine Bush Margaret Bowles Mary Meyers Frances Simms Robert McFerrin Geraldine Levy Dominica Bordeaux Ruth Thompson Jessie Stokes Margie Wall Gertha Brock Alice Bell Allene Knighten Beatrice Powell Jewel Busch Marian McKindra FACULTY SPONSORS TYPING Mr. Ulysses S. Donaldson ART Mr. J. C. Carpenter Miss Grace L. Nichols BUSINESS AND ADVERTISEMEN'T Mr. Otto V. Green NEGRO HISTORY SOURCES Mr. Herman S. Dreer GENERAL SPONSOR Miss Nan E. Walton Roling Printing Company, Inc. Paramount Engraving Company PageSix MAROON AND WHITE lg The Negro Writes Banking of an Oppressed People 4 .rr me af aware Dedication The Annual Staff Preface George Dennis Brantley, Principal , Herman Dreer, Assistant Principal and Negro 2? ' History Authority A New Day by Naomi Long Q: Senior Division Sheet ' The Officers of the January Class of 1940 :g The Seniors of January, 1940 The June Officers of 1940 The June Seniors of 1940 Horoscope Literature Section Sports Scenes of the Past A Song in His Heart Art The Negro in Home-life and Institutions lg Intoned in Sepia Let Us Go Into the House of the Lord Wa My Face Red s It The Negro in Architecture Finding Inspiration by the Press The Voice of Freedom The Glorious Awakening 1' The Black Immigrant r 4 r w r gl Clubs f' Advertisements Snapshots f w r MAROON AND WHITE Page Five 0 25 To those men who have worked so intensively for more than twenty years in the interest ot the Negro race, Who, by their untiring ettorts, have succeeded in making a place tor the Negroes in the professions, Who, by their leadership and inspiration have been a stimulant to the race, Who, in recognition ot recent merits, have established the present National Negro Achieve- ment Week, We, with deepest gratitude and understanding ot their value to the race, do dedicate this volume ot the Maroon and White to the Omega Psi Phi Fraternity. 0 MAROON AND WHITE THE 1115130011 HIID LUHIT' Published in The interest of the Sumner l-ligh School Seniors of The January and June Classes of Ninteen Hundred and Forty. SAINT LOUIS, MISSOURI VOLUME TWENTY -Su- ,g 'L Pu .. - 1 w,.v 1 ... r.. ..' V, ,- A - 1--. , f ,fs Q. , - - V W-.Q Q af 1 . fn . ' . 'g' , ' -.,,... ' L 'Vfw . 'Ii' 'S-: ' 5 ' '1 '-xx, it :i L.., I Wil-1 f',-5 AY-42 . ' -v ' KJ? 1 5 4 q4.- ,M ' L- y 1 '4'1 3l '- -M Af , , , :ww K ' , Y I . , Q in ,I-12934 ...tiff L ,S . Am! .. v. , V... ,- - K.,-g. r. wg-4. -'gan if yn. yr ,wg .. - .. ' ' -'N .-aw , ,A j1..wf w-+1 ,S A- I ,'i,..,. 3' ' ' .1 'r f L1 ,r s . W L Ad. 1. ,jf ' x. ' ., 11 4.2 , v --M- . -1 ' -'f' 'W'?,.iftf5 1 ' ' -r ' . , K .14-9,9 V, I '- . f Q Q, ,ww , ., , V.,Ag P , ' .N ,J-fi-fry.-' - ' 5 5 .. . , .-V P -- . x M' as .Q ,ia as 1 .. Q I ' I ,' 4 ' 6 .4 ' U.. as V ES '41 1 ' , A ,.' -' jd ' 17: E44 --y K , - , ' -s g, n 1 . ' n- ,L , V ,-. 1 -' ' , ' .1 4 A ' -VA., :wa . Rf , '. v. ... gr.. 1' U 1 .r V -nu 2 rw A , ,, I N , ' 'al' ' w -kg 4' 'Hx 'Airy 3 I , V. Q A 1,15 UAW ' 1 V ' n - ., - .'-nun P , , , E, vc. . 4 We ' r ' ,Ea . 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