St Louis College of Pharmacy - Prescripto Yearbook (St Louis, MO)

Page 79 text:

1933 PRESCRIP'1O N ls, WJ X my KHQM4-ww1w,'3'95 '7cb iff xi L. I V V., - gre. .1 5 - g I f '4., xv.. li M ,X A ,I e o e Y 'Q ' 1 'QWXE' wwf- nffeoimqfgfgi E e Q ,M , - e o, 4 I no H' Q x H, - ,,.. ' XA f-' -fm.. mg 4,11 ,av N-2 N ,. Ei .. 1, 5 I 6 3' 4 A,hM,T,M: H , , 741 ue A, -5 fvgiii A 6 execs N f ff R xx! NNY' aff!! 6 XE-is , ff in H- 1 Xfl TH X J I f RS 1 ' nf-e1,,i 0 'W' vu . J' 0 ni -1- 'E Nh Xb L45y.,! .53 X 'eFX....fX 1' ll .1'A'31'1:N 7? 5 QNMLQ 'Wy A J Ga? 52, . e 1 J, 'X - '- 1, x ' ..1: .5 - :N P, I.: . 'A N555-1 , 5 5' '?4 ?ft '1Q?f'f1' ' -7' ' ' Nria-. ' .Y ,nip 1 -,X -05 'Qf' f ' -JW 1- A - fu w .an .gf ,H , - w, 41gu.1:aZ'4.3,,, ,ij .' .5 , 4 - ' -,I- '-V 1. .J A Hz Eg. -1,-2,153 ww 1 ' H ' f-Q 1 , gf - -i-ef' -1' ' - gy M . , .Nd .71 ' v ,QQ if-e, ff w. ef 0 J ya H P ' - A Q ' 3 :' -- ibn- H- P, :-Q 1 '- 7' ,JA 55 'V QS' fi- Q' 4 - W- ff V n --my - J - -7,9 ff' .Edna 4- ,1,-'fb' 1, A 452 '- 3 'E'-if-S' 'EM fkififiy '--3. nr M Qi J .QP ' 'Q' 5? -gQfL?A V1 ' an 'L Q Sway I1 ., :jf .1 1553-if-.A :A in Ifgfk' . ' 'N Ss., Q A 3? gl- ' 9. ' Z,'.14gc44'rgU ij. 3. Hg, 'Yu ?2j.Q.f?.x:-'K E x qbivgilh-iim.EgfNQfIi. . L 3 ' uf 'X , -1 . . 1 .fy if ' . 2 - . 1, ft Q o f Q i . - K A ffm . , fA '7l I kwa H- 1 , ' 4' Y , 1 -,:j:L,?l.l,1,Kj 'W v Y -Le.. A qv gi 1 'B N 'G I ' 1 'fqgx iw , ' , ' - ' , .V 9 D'-Lei Q Q Wu me 'Q , , L ? N fig? L Q5 Q, Q., , W6 '17 ,, 41-..,.'.m'Q'5 5 ,V ' 0 C'D'51gp5- lwmcgi ' R 9 W 0 1 'u may gl J faq X X' x 6? W ufggtgx ZS sf' m WN ff i 4 Esweiiozza game! 7 Q' 5 YAY .. , , we au , . 'gi is wiv! 1 Q - I ltnwtfflv , 'F if l4ivrQ'5f h-1:15, If NX f 95's 1 is fella B G Xa 'fre 1 e W9 avmonpztuilcgio imperial. Courtesy of the Missouxri Botanical Gfwclen Title page of the Historia General de las Indias Fernandes de Oviedo y Baldes. y Gonzalo Page Seventy-Seven

Page 78 text:

1933 PR1nSCRIP'1'O Herbals IKE the other sciences, botany had its origin in practical human needs. Food, shelter, and clothing were the first objects that led men's attention to plants, and perhaps at the same time, the necessity of relief from pain and fatigue. In the latter instance, man perhaps found what he wanted in certain plants, and he became cognizant of drugs. The knowledge of medicinal plants for a long time remained traditional, being handed on from wise man to wise man of the tribe. 'It is at a compara- tively late time that we find any systematic attempt to preserve in a written form what had been accumulated during centuries without records. The-- ophrastus gathered all that could be learned about plants of all kinds in his time. The encyclopedic Pliny has preserved much of importance and interest to our generation, and we have in addition the mediaeval encyclopedists. But the works of these men are of general rather than special interest, and it is Dioscorides who first presents us with a comprehensive and systematic materia medica. The name herbal has been given to the type of book of which many were issued during the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries. They contain descriptions, usually illustrated, of plants and animals employed in medicine, and were written by physicians for physicians. As their contents comprise, in the majority, plants, the name herbal is not improperly applied to them. The illustrations accompanying the descriptions of plants in these works are in themselves worthy of special study. They vary from the crudest, ahnost helpless representation to the finest design, which, while striving at accuracy, are also fitted to the finest decorative principle of fitting in significant form the space given to it on the page. In some cases they are colored, in others black and white, and it is in the latter that we find the most delicate artistic expression. The library of the Missouri Botanical Garden possesses one of the finest collections of herbals and other works on medical botany of the time preceding Linnaeus in the world. For the historian of medicine and pharmacy this col- lection, including the Sturtevant collection, is a library of incalculable impor- tance. If We had the space at command, we would expatiate at some length on the various treasures in this collection. As it is, we shall select for remark a few of the more celebrated. Herbarius Latimts, published at Mainz in 1484, by Peter Schoeifer. This is also known as the Herbarius in Latino, Herbarius Mogimtinus, Herbarius Patcwinus, and Latin H erbarius. This is divided into fifteen chapters on drugs, and an index to ninety-six drugs, all illustrated. The copy in the Garden is of the rare first edition, and apparently the only one in America. Later editions are in existence, but they are inferior to the first in point of typography. The work of Mace? Floridus. This work is interesting from the circum- stance that it is in verse, the author is not known, the name of Aemilius Macer being added in all probability in order to give the book a vogue. It was issued at Paris about 1490, and the copy is without mutilations. The virtues of seventy-seven drugs are extolled. The Hortus Scmitatis or Garden of Health, published at Mainz in 1491. The title was popular at one time, and this work is probably based on earlier ones. It describes a large number of plants-435 of them-and other articles found in apothecary shops of the time, and is rich in illustrations. Herbarium of Otto Brunfels, 1530. This work shows the great progress that had been made in the depiction of medicinal plants and in printing. The Page Seventy Sw:

Page 80 text:

1933 PIQFSCIQIPTO stiff, conventional designs of the earlier works have given rise to beautiful illustrations, the contemplation of which even an artist enjoys. The book ap- peared in Strasbourg and was printed by Schotte. Herbarium of Hieronymus Bock. The first edition of this work appeared in 1539, a second edition in 1546. It is illustrated with wood cuts from drawings by David Kandel. The artist draws not only the plants described, but intro- duces accessory figures of men and animals, which often give the pictures a humorous flavor. Bock was a realist, and rejected with scorn the prevalent notions associated with the supposed magical properties of plants. Herbarium of Leonard Fuchs. This work was published in Latin in 1542 and was followed by a German edition in 1542, bearing the title N eues Krciuter- bitch. The cuts are very beautiful, without sacrificing to accuracy. Historia Plantarum of Conrad Gesner, published in 1541. Gesner was very versatile, writing on linguistic subjects, on mineralogy, Zoology, botany, and medicine. He gathered a huge amount of material in the form of 1,500 drawings showing great details in the structure of flowers and fruits which, however, were not published until a century and a half after his death. Herbarium of Matthiolus, of 1554. This is based on Dioscorides, and was perhaps the most popular of the herbals, 32,000 copies of the earlier editions having been sold. Many editions followed, some of them embellished with large and beautiful illustrations. The H erball or General Historie of Plants, by John Gerarde, 1597, of which an abridged edition has recently been published, This is written in a popular style, which created a great demand for it, indeed Gerarde disclaimed any intention of writing for the learned but intended to produce a book which shall be useful in the household. Pinax Theatris Botanici of Gaspard Bauhin, published in 1623. This work is still of value to botanists, as it contains a concordance of the names of about 6,000 species of plants. Paraclisi in Sole by John Parkinson, London, 1629. This was a sort of forerunner to the same author's large herbal entitled The Theatre of Plants or An Herbal of Large Extent, published in 1640. Parkinson goes into great details in recounting the virtues of plants. Among other early works in the Museum Library that are not strictly herbals but contain much information regarding American drug plants, are the works of Spanish writers of the sixteenth century, some of whom themselves travelled in America. while others wrote their books from official documents, of these we may cite two. The Simplicium M edicamentorum of N icolaus Monardes was published in 1575. The work was translated into English in 1577, receiving the title Joyful Names Out of the New Formed World. Monardes was a physician, and he describes in this work plants brought from the West Indies. The book contains an account, though not the first, of the tobacco plant. The other work is the Historia General cle las Indias, of Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Baldes Devilla, 1535, of which the garden contains a copy of the Very rare first edition. Oviedo travelled extensively in America, and his book was written from oiiicial documents. The book is one of the rarest and most important of early works on the New World, being the first on the natural history of Spanish America. We mention it here for that reason, and because it appears to be the first to give an account of the tobacco plant and its use by the American Indians. We reproduce the title page and a page of text, both of which give a good idea of the excellence of book-making in those early days. Page Seventy Eight