St Johns University at Staten Island - Tomahawk Yearbook (Staten Island, NY)

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CONC R ESS. JULY 4. 1776. Gfie mwnimonEecfamtton rfw.i........,5 off-Vinwrifw. lf' 5' r r in the flonrse ol hnnven events, it he-conei necessary lm one people to dissolve the political hands which have ronlrflrd 15 pb another. and to nun: errong the you ni of the earth. the separate end eenal station to wha h the Laws ol Nature nnd of Natnre'x God entitle then, 1 decent respect use opinronx of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which lapel there to the sepnrntion, le hold these trntbs to he 8ell'lV'4 154' 'H 'W' P muted renal, that rho aw endowed by their Creator with certain eniiienebte Rights. ther einting their are Life. Liberty end' the panic at ltepptners. That to sererr ,,, ,,,tu,, gwnqneu ere instituted among ln. deriving themes: powers from the content of thegoverned. That whenever any For! olGovereneetbeconesdestrnc'ttvr 45,0 ,.g,, it is the Right of the People to alter or to eholish it. end to institute new Government, lnying in foundation on sub principles and organising its 90iv S snch tors. ns to then shall seen nost lihelyto ellect their Snlety end Happiness. Prndence. indeed. will dictate that Governments long estnhltshed shonld lol 54 gnged for light and transient nantes: en-I accordingly nll experience hath sbewn. tbnt uanlind are sore disposed to seller. while evils are nnllerehle. than to right their- twg yy .polishing the lorns to which they nre nccneiorned. Bet when e long train ol ahnses ned nurrpntmns. pnrsning invariable the sane Object, eurnfes e design to he-e then elder nhwlue Deipotisre, it is their right, it in their ditty, to throw all snrlt Government, end lv provide Dfw 08045 la' 'Ni' lvflfv llflfilt- 590' 595 WW' p patient ulfenltee of these Colonies: end sncb is now the necessity which ronitrnane then to alter their ,loriner Systems of Governtnent, The history of the present ng of Greet Britain ie n history of repented injuries and esnrpations, all having in direct object the estnhlishnent ol an nlrsolnte Tyranny over these States. To prow 's. let Fart: be uenitted to e candid world. lie hes refused his Assent to Laws, the nost wholesome end necessary lor public good. lie has forbidden hai mernors to plea lean ol itnsedinte end pressing ianportnnce. nnlesa snspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtntned: end when so xnnPU'404 5' 54' erly neglected to nttend to then. He has refused to past other Leu i lor the ncroainodntmn ol large districts ol people. nnleu thou people wonld relinquish r right ol Representation in the Legsslntnre, n right inentirnable to then end lorrerdahle to tyrants only. He hes cnlled together legielnltw bodies ll H4605 W' get, uni-nqjortnble. end distant fron the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of lntigntng then into conplience with his neaseret. He hai :solved lleprerentntive llonsee repeatedly. lor oppoeing with nnnly firmness his ievestonn on the rights of the people. He has refined for e long tiene. eller ch Jtnolntions. to annie other: to he elected: whereby the Legislative powers. rnfnpable al Annihilation, have retnrned to the People at large for their exercrreg the :te rernaining in the meantime exposed to nll the dangers ol invasion from withont. and cont,-nlsions within, lie has endeeifonred no prevent the population than Staten: lor that pnrpoee obstructing the Laws lor Nntnrnlizntion ol Foreigners: relaxing to pan others to enronrnge their ntgrntions hither, end rat sing the con' mans ol near Approprintrons ol Lands. lie bn: ohstrncted the Administration ol lnstice, hy relating his Assent to Leu-s lor establishing judiciary porters s hes nnde ledges dependent on his fill alone, for the tennrr ol their offices, end thc enonnt end payinent of their snlnries. He hns erected e neltitnde ol Nea Wine, end nent hither nuns of Officers to harass our people. end ent ont their substance. He hes kept nnong es in lines ol pence, Stending Aransas without r Cnenent el onr legislatures. lie hes effected to render the lilitery of end superior to the Cwil power, ite has combined with others to bind ne to n jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, nnd unnrhnon-ledge! by on lows: giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legrsletion: For ennrtering large Jie: el erned troops nnong us: For per:-4-if-3 H-rn. be - nor-If Trial. ho- r-nnh-nee: for any lneders which they iboetd connn on the tnbahsants of these Suns: It rltttq elle! frnde sith nll pits of 'N n trld Fir i npoa la g Teri! in n: wtthont our Consent: For depriving ex rn nnny cexes. of the benefits of Trial by jury: tr trnnnporting ne heynld Sen: to he trtvd ,or I rete 'del ra 'ler.'e: : Fi r et ,list ing the free Systen of English Lnn s in a netgbbonrrng Proiince. establishing therein an hitrnry governnent. and enlarging its Beenderter so ee to render tt et once en esauple and lit tnstrnrnent lor anno-teereg the une absolute rule into then Colo-nu: lr inning nanny ner Charters. ebolinbing oer nost velneble Leafs. end altering lendnnenielly the Ferns of on Goiernnenti: For suspending our own Legislennes end urlnring their-elves invested with peirertolegislnteptbr as in all reset whatsoever. tie has nhdeeted Goeernnent here. by declaring es ont of lite Protection and tying Yer lllkil es. Ile hes plnnderedonr see ,. raw gel 1 we Cow no In -et rn- foe nn enl le troy!! ttf lm eg of me people. tie is ei the time trqng- rting lerge Arden ol foreign leroennrtee to conplete tt r no 'A 2 of feed, Ja sole: io - end iq een gl ee ty bi gr nil cm-nnetences of Cruelty 6 perlidy scarcely penal' led in the noel hnrherou ages. and tornlly unworthy the Head of e civilized nation, Ile has constrained our lellonf Citiu-ni taken Captive on the high Sees to fl Arlo against their Conntry. to become the exerntioners ol their friends and Brethren, or to lall theinselpei by their Hands, Ne hes excited doreestir tnsnr' tfttons nnongst ns. end bn: endeevonred to bring on the inhabitants ol our frontiers, the inerciless Indian Snifeges, whose brown rnle of warfare. is nn endixtingnuhed 'ivifllul 'Pl in lnfl- WX!! lllrvlditionsr ln every siege ol these Oppressions Ye have Petitroned lor Redress in the eros! bmnble terns Qnr repented Petitions haze en answered only hy repented A Prince. mls-one rhnrerter in thnx storied by every nrt which nay define e Tyrnnt, is nnfit to he the refer of a hee people. Nor we Ye hen venting an attention to our Britlinb brethren. We have tunnel then lm- tina to tine of euenpti by their legislature to extend en neserrenteble ferisdwnoe W 0- Ye lrnte retinded then ol the circumstances of our einigrntion and settlement here, Ye hare eppeeled to their native insure and inngnnniintty, end an have con- Nd ll!!! hy the ties ol ou cocoon kindred to Jisauow these nsnrpntimu. which. wonld inevitably interrupt on connections and correspondent-e. They too have been If tv IN wire el instice end ol consnngninity. Ie nest. therefore, ncqniesce in the necessity which Aperture, on Sepemttnn, end hold then. ns an hold the rest Ol Kill Eneflies in lar. in Pence Friends. 'Er THEREFORE- FN flrrrrrr'-'www of an uufrso stings ol Autfictfrri. 1. of-wa: comm., Amreitia. appealing to an sen-r 3-ag. om. 'U lo' 'N fl 09 intentions. do. in the Hehe, all 5YAlll-'0Ylt7 ol the good People ol these Colo-nies. solemnly pnblisb and declare, Tlrnt these United Colonies V-43 'l Rteht 00150 to le. I I1f?8 ANU lNlJl:Pl:LNDl5NT .STA 1155: lhnt they are Ahsolred from all Allegiance to the British Crown. and that all political connection he- 'iveen thellrd the State nl Grent Britain. is end ongbt to be totnlly dissolved: end that ns Free and Independent Statexthey have lull Power to levy Var. conclude Peace. 4 ' 'WWIU Cwvrffr' rd to 40 rl' Mtv' Aw rd Thin: which tnnereswsnt' sun. -4, of right do- nw for the upport of this offteumn .tm Fl' Nlinnee an the protection el Dis-ine Providence. me annually pledge to unch other our Lives. our Fortunes. end nur seared Honor, vid? . f'JFf,-rf-0 M . .44 ftulaef -KWJ4'-rr. Aj FMQPQ g pfgym, . ..6.......r 15.-v.4'..f...-. An- S-Emfkfwfs JM lm, 'Za-6:-Q J JJ t . - fa.: ford,-.y. .5431 ' gt .ji- ' , + rf i it :r.i:z.:f,Q.' f-MQ, W M M 54 Z5 M' 'wr-...4:.'t 135-'f 's n Z , uf' Ng on is 3? grew ,Q Q-33,-Z5 Am.. sham

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The Monroe Doctrine December 2, 1823 ELLOW-CITIZENS of the Senate and House of Repre- sentatives . . . At the proposal of the Russian Imperial ster of the Emperor re- ctions have been trans- States at St. Petersburg he respective rights and northwest coast of this n made by His lmperial Britain, which has like- -nt of the United States Jceeding, of manifesting ariably attached to the r solicitude to cultivate iment. In the discussions ind in the arrangements casion has been judged in which the rights and ilved, that the American rnt condition which they nceforth not to be con- sid ation by any European po Richard Trocciola - President lt was stated at the commencement of the last session that a great effort was then making in Spain and Portugal to improve the condition of the people of those countries, and that it appeared to be conducted with extraordinary modera- tion. lt need scarcely be remarked that the result has been 50 far vprv rliffnront fr-nm what wae than anticipated, ith which we have 5 e derive our origin, ed spectators. The ci ents the most friendl their fellow- men oi the European powers 3 never taken any pa o to do. It is only M menaced that we res f R defense. V are of neces- sity m s which must be obs Jservers. The politic T T H+ , illy different in this -,-, V, -g-.-. ...-. . W... -.. .Wcnce proceeds from t nmentsg and loss 0 so muc a oo an treasure, an matured by the wisdom of their most enlightened citizens, and under which we have enjoyed unexampled felicity, this whole nation is devoted. to the Arlene Anderson - Secretary We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable re- Kenneth Lewaine - Treasurer Eighty Four lations existing between the United States and those pov to declare that we should consider any attempt on their 1 to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphert dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing coloi or dependencies of any European power we have not in fered and shall not interfere. But with the governments ' have declared their independence and maintained it, whose independence we have, on great consideration and just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any in position for the purpose of oppressing them, or control' in any other manner their destiny, by any European po in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfrier disposition toward the llnited States, ln the war between tl new governmer ,i,, , litj the time of the fi lhei and shall contii l oc which, in the ju of government, sh te I of the United f The late e fur is still unsettlec ttf? ' t E ,of be adduced tha j hot it proper, on ar oh interposed by I 5 in. what extent suc 2 sz principle, is a nov whose governn , e those most rem Un States. Our po doj at an early stag ed quarter of the 5 iicl not to interfere ow- to consider the overnment de facto as the le itimate ov' mem for us: l Maureen Kane - Vice-President am preserve those ol meetin in all instances the 'ust claims of ever oi g J Y P submitting to injuries from none. But s cumstanc- l impossibl ' it system to ei our peac- t southern it their own at should be if ence. lf u of Spain 7 g fi each othe l 5 gh It is still e parties ti W pursue th -A-4...-s