St Francis Minor Seminary - Via Yearbook (Milwaukee, WI)

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K $3mzo-3-93-3a-333Q161 If RC aQe'e-cz-cz-cz-cz-cz-e-cz-G-ca-c Ellie i'anan QDuwtinn Tm: ROMAN QFESTIOX has been an object of nmeh debating in various schools. It has just been settled 1 to the renown ut' the present l'ope, Pills XI, and the Italian Premier. Mussolini. The question began in this manner: In 1852 Vietm' Emanuel of Sardinia. with the aid of the shrewd hut nnsernpulnus statesman. Count Favour. hegan the extension of the Kingtlmu 0f Sardinia intu the Kingdom of I'nited Italy. By diplomacy Favour gained the aid of Franee in a war against Austria. In this manner he an- nexed lmmhardy in 1859. After the people in the dnehies ot' l'anmL Mo- tlena. aml Tnseany. through the ageney of t'avmu' and his spies and agitators. had risen up against their rightful dukes. they set up a provisional government. By a eleyerly planned popular vote the tlukedoms tleelared for annexation to Sar- dinia in the Mareh of 1860. Soon after this step. t'avonr aided Garibaldi. a i'eplihliean. in eonquering and m-enpying Na- ples. Garibaldi then set out with his 'tlietl Shirts towards the Papal States. in order to make it a repulilie. But this was not the way t'awmr wished to take the Pupeis domain. so he eheeketl Garibaldi. Then an insnrnwtiun. planned lby Favour a month het'nre. hruke out in the Papal States. lmt it was easily suppressed by the Papal troops. Favour then emnmamled the Pope to tlishaml the troops for they were a eonstant menace to Italian tranquility. This ueonstant menaee eonsisted of a few thousand vnlmlteers fmm the best families of all Europe. Before the l'mltit'f enuhl reply. Vietm- Emanuel with an army mart-hed into the Papal States. defeated the brave little Vatican army and by a Hstuffed vote took over all the Papal States except Rome and vieinity. 111 February of 1861 Yietm' was prnelaimed Kin;r of l'nited Italy. However. Cavem- wished to have Rome for the capital. On September 20. 1870 the Sardini- an army marehed into Rome and m-enpied it. Then a pleliiseite was taken on the question 0f annexation. Great eare was taken to make it overwhelmingly in favor of Favour. Pope Pius IX protested and forbade all loyal Catholics to vote. In an attempt to smooth over the wrong, the parliament passed the t'IAIWs 0f Guarantees. which gave the Pope the Palaee. the right to he an independent Sovereign, and an ineome 0f $600000 :1 year. But the Popes did not aeeept either the law 01' the Immey. keepingr the Palaee as their right. They did not leave the thllt'tlll. heeause if they traversed territory held hy the Italian government. they would recognize the Italian title to the land aeem-tlin;r tn interna- tional law. From this the Popes are ealled uPrisoners 0f the Vatiean. All these things brought forth the question. How eould the Pope he established as a citizen of 1m nation and apart from all. in the faee of the demands of Italians for Rome as the natural -apital of Italy? The l'upe answered in 1927 when he allowed it to heemne known that a ter- ritory. however small. wunltl satisfy him as a guarantee of his absolute imlepemlenee. The mtteome of this statement was the signs in: of three great documents on February the tenth. 1929, by Cardinal Gasparri. the Papal Ser- retary of State. and Benito Mussolini. Premier of Italy. The tirst document related principally to the Roman Question. If stated that the Italian gov- ernment reeognizes the absolute imlepemlenee alul sovereignty of' the Popes and that the Holy See renounees all legal claims to the Papal States. now held by Italy. The seeuml paper was a emu-m'dat tixingz the relations of Church and State in Italy. It pru- videtl that eivil law will not he at varianee with eamm law. that the ntlieial religion of Italy is to he t'atholie. and that there is to be religious teaching in state sehuols. The third document stipulates that the State will pay to the lluly See the sum nt' eighty- seven milliun dollars. the tirst part immediately after the ratilieatiun of the treaty and the see- mul in government lmmls. The l'apal pruperty is to he the Lntel'an I'al- aee. t'astel Gomlulfn. Mesln'ealli Villa. and the Churches of St. Peter. St. John Lateran. St. Mary Major. and St. Paul with the mljniniiu.r buildings of each. The palaces of t'uneelleria. Dataria. St. Callixtus. and the Oriental Congre- gation are also to he Papal awnings. There are to be several other ehnrehes and palaees under the direct rule of the Holy See. The I'mltit't' is to own a railmad station in the vieinity 0f the Vatican Gardens. This is to he under his absolute sovereignty. The train is now being built aeeortling t0 the model of a former Pnpeis train. Another condition is that eag- e mssf-gaecg Page Thirty-two 3Q? I929 jiggggegyggg

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539-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3Qj'331 EEC aacz-e-e-e-cz-eeae-e-a-a-c all resident cardinals and all the embassies and legutions to the Vatican are to have the same privileges accorded to those to the Quirinal. 1n the Vatican thirty-one nations are now represented by either embassies or legzitions. The United States had a minister there until re- cently, and it is now expected that another will be sent there. It is an interesting fact that the Why Ghrnrpra ANY YEARS AGO when my father told me that he had purchased a lot and intended to erect a grocery store 1 was one of the happiest boys in the world. 011 manl'l I thought, now I shall be zlble to wait on people, and eut 2111 the candy I want. Such were tiny two secret ambitions. For :1 while I liked my work, but after I had become sick from overeating a few times, and received severe seoldings from customers for making mistakes in their accounts, durk clouds began to appear on the horizon of my happiness. I shall now present the picture of a groceris life as I see it after seven years of experience. The iirst and hardest part of it is the chain store, competition. No independent grocer ealn compete with the chain store, because the latter buys its commodities in very large quantities. thereby obtaining them for muvh less, 21nd eon- sequently enn sell cheaper. Then there is the credit which he must extend to his customers. while he himself has only a few days to pzly his own bills. Some customers will never make a purchase without complaining about the price and remarking how much cheaper they muld get it at the ML and P. Then they conclude their purchases saying, HCharge it 1 Oh. how that cuts. be .ause you know how much credit is issued in a chain store. Another rough spot in the life is waiting upon certain customers. Allow me to introduce Mrs. 1. Knoekitt. She enters the store and. upon looking around. sees a few flies, which, no matter how hard you tried to kill them, were always able to keep out of your way. She makes a remark about Hall the flies, then orders a half pound of butter, and before allowing the clerk to wrap it, demands that she look at it, and also smell of it, because pagan nation of Japan has an envoy at the Vatican. It certainly is to the credit of both the lead- ers, Pius and Mussolini, that the long-standing Roman Question has been settled. Let us now hope that the Church and God benetit by this momentous change in the Pope's situation. eCLETUs A. WEITZER. Evan? 15mm she ujust detests butter when it ain't fresh? She then sees'u box of peaches and asks if they are ripe. KVhen told that they are, she thumbs them. and squeezes every one, to be sure that you didnt lie, and after succeeding in bruising;r them so badly that they will spoil within a day, she decides that she Hwill let them go for this time and not take any.U After buying a few things she uguesses that will be all, and when told the amount of her bill, it is remarkable how she keeps from fainting, it is such a shock to her. After she arrives home she remembers something she forgot, or perhaps was undecided about buying while at the store, and phones wondering Hif someone can bring it overfi Another euuse for worry t0 the grocer is the dead beat. He is a liberal buyer and pays for what he gets without a question. Finally he has to leave town on account of his Inother-in-law's death. and returns, the picture. of sorrow and misfortune. then he comes into the store again. he tells a hnrtl-luek story. and asks if he can have :1 little Htrust. If given this credit. he is very prompt at paying as soon as he receives his first pay eheek. This is only a bait. however, and he continues to come for a little more, until iinully he leaves you with a large account against him. and goes to another city. never to be seen again. These are but few of the dark and discourag- ing sides of :1 groceris life. In time, I suppose. there will be no independent grocer, and in his steed there will be a large consolidation of stores run by one manager, and then, when the people have no other place to go, watch the prices go up. And what will those unhappy men who were at one time owners of small stores do? Why. they Will turn to digging ditches and tiring furnaces for a rest. 'ROBERT ANTHONY. magents-svza'sgtag 2 9 1mg gage Page Thiv'ty-three