St Francis Minor Seminary - Via Yearbook (Milwaukee, WI)

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Page Thirty-one

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5-33-an 1-19-33 ago ED zatiGI EEC 13:062-ch-E-cze-caei-cz-cz-ga-c mihnight mama nn Olhriatmaa Eng IT IS AImI'T twenty minutes after eleven. and many people can be seen walking: to ehnreh. 0n arriving: in the ehureh. we see before us :1 manger in which can be seen :1 babe. Around the manger are statues of Mary. Joseph. and shep- herds. The entire surroundings are lighted by manly eleetrie lights of different colors. A few ehildren are kneelingr in front of the crib and in their own v: y are giving: thanks to God. Now let us go to the sanctuary where the altar boys are standingr and facing the erilb. There are :1 few boys with Violins. the sweet melodies of whirh iill the entire ehnreh with heavenly thoughts. The altar boys. ueeonumnied by the violins, ure singing ttSilent Night. I am unable to deserihe the wonderful feeling instilled in me by this heuutiful sight. The Solemn Iligh Mass is now heinj.r cele- b 'ated. During the Mass, the altar boys and the ehoir. eonsistim.r of men and Women, sing. The celebration of the Mass is soon over. and the people begin to leave the ehnreh until only a few remain. These also depart after some time. Then the lights are put out. 21ml only the red sanetuury lump throws a faint glow on the walls of the ehul'eh. iPlL-SNK MULLING. Eh? Etrlaratinn nf Zlnhepmhmw THE DECLARATION of lndepentlenee is the great- est legal document in the United States of America. It is classed with two other great documents or charters. munely. the Magma tlzlrtn and the Petition of Rights. After the Freneh and Indian wzn- wnsover ICllglmul. the mother eountry. passed some ole noxious laws upon the eolonists sayings; that she had driven out the Freneh for them. The worst of these iilensnres. however. was taxation with- out representation. This meant that the mother country eonld tax the eolonists without allowing them :1 voiee in English purlimnent. XVhile this feeling: of tlissntisleetion vzls hov- ering over the colonists there suddenly rose up am essayist Thomas Paine. who by his writings started this country tm 11rd independem-e. Ilis pamphlet. Common Sense. soon won the rieh and educated elnss over to the eolonistsi Side. A little time after orators begun eunvussingr the country and spreading still more the desire for freedom. Then in the year 1776 Thomas Jeffer- solL who later was to he the third president of the new nation. eomposed the doeument and on July 4 of the smile year. after two days of de- lihetation. it was signed by the lemlin;r person- ages of all the thirteen colonies. This doenment was made for the purpose of letting the other nations of the world know that the colonies tleelzu'ed themselves entirely free and independent of the mother eountry. It also reads that the colonies are eumlhle. by them- selves. of lmntllihg all the legal. eonmlereial. 1121 '211 and other business which :1 country must carry on. --ROMAN 0. BERNERT. A htagpr 0 Father. form W 11111; past offenec. :1 m1 kmdly aem'pf mu pmrifcm'e. For although I hate fried my very best. I hare often fallen Ilrith the rest. 0 Father. help me to remain true To the premises which I make to You: And urhen I am tempted by Satan's snare. Help me aluruyx to rescorf to prayer. -R.AYMOND MCDERMOTT. gagecaca-cacac-gqgeg;aosfafggaaa-Esga 3392' l 9 2 9 29755-5 eczecee-g-e-s Page Thirty

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K $3mzo-3-93-3a-333Q161 If RC aQe'e-cz-cz-cz-cz-cz-e-cz-G-ca-c Ellie i'anan QDuwtinn Tm: ROMAN QFESTIOX has been an object of nmeh debating in various schools. It has just been settled 1 to the renown ut' the present l'ope, Pills XI, and the Italian Premier. Mussolini. The question began in this manner: In 1852 Vietm' Emanuel of Sardinia. with the aid of the shrewd hut nnsernpulnus statesman. Count Favour. hegan the extension of the Kingtlmu 0f Sardinia intu the Kingdom of I'nited Italy. By diplomacy Favour gained the aid of Franee in a war against Austria. In this manner he an- nexed lmmhardy in 1859. After the people in the dnehies ot' l'anmL Mo- tlena. aml Tnseany. through the ageney of t'avmu' and his spies and agitators. had risen up against their rightful dukes. they set up a provisional government. By a eleyerly planned popular vote the tlukedoms tleelared for annexation to Sar- dinia in the Mareh of 1860. Soon after this step. t'avonr aided Garibaldi. a i'eplihliean. in eonquering and m-enpying Na- ples. Garibaldi then set out with his 'tlietl Shirts towards the Papal States. in order to make it a repulilie. But this was not the way t'awmr wished to take the Pupeis domain. so he eheeketl Garibaldi. Then an insnrnwtiun. planned lby Favour a month het'nre. hruke out in the Papal States. lmt it was easily suppressed by the Papal troops. Favour then emnmamled the Pope to tlishaml the troops for they were a eonstant menace to Italian tranquility. This ueonstant menaee eonsisted of a few thousand vnlmlteers fmm the best families of all Europe. Before the l'mltit'f enuhl reply. Vietm- Emanuel with an army mart-hed into the Papal States. defeated the brave little Vatican army and by a Hstuffed vote took over all the Papal States except Rome and vieinity. 111 February of 1861 Yietm' was prnelaimed Kin;r of l'nited Italy. However. Cavem- wished to have Rome for the capital. On September 20. 1870 the Sardini- an army marehed into Rome and m-enpied it. Then a pleliiseite was taken on the question 0f annexation. Great eare was taken to make it overwhelmingly in favor of Favour. Pope Pius IX protested and forbade all loyal Catholics to vote. In an attempt to smooth over the wrong, the parliament passed the t'IAIWs 0f Guarantees. which gave the Pope the Palaee. the right to he an independent Sovereign, and an ineome 0f $600000 :1 year. But the Popes did not aeeept either the law 01' the Immey. keepingr the Palaee as their right. They did not leave the thllt'tlll. heeause if they traversed territory held hy the Italian government. they would recognize the Italian title to the land aeem-tlin;r tn interna- tional law. From this the Popes are ealled uPrisoners 0f the Vatiean. All these things brought forth the question. How eould the Pope he established as a citizen of 1m nation and apart from all. in the faee of the demands of Italians for Rome as the natural -apital of Italy? The l'upe answered in 1927 when he allowed it to heemne known that a ter- ritory. however small. wunltl satisfy him as a guarantee of his absolute imlepemlenee. The mtteome of this statement was the signs in: of three great documents on February the tenth. 1929, by Cardinal Gasparri. the Papal Ser- retary of State. and Benito Mussolini. Premier of Italy. The tirst document related principally to the Roman Question. If stated that the Italian gov- ernment reeognizes the absolute imlepemlenee alul sovereignty of' the Popes and that the Holy See renounees all legal claims to the Papal States. now held by Italy. The seeuml paper was a emu-m'dat tixingz the relations of Church and State in Italy. It pru- videtl that eivil law will not he at varianee with eamm law. that the ntlieial religion of Italy is to he t'atholie. and that there is to be religious teaching in state sehuols. The third document stipulates that the State will pay to the lluly See the sum nt' eighty- seven milliun dollars. the tirst part immediately after the ratilieatiun of the treaty and the see- mul in government lmmls. The l'apal pruperty is to he the Lntel'an I'al- aee. t'astel Gomlulfn. Mesln'ealli Villa. and the Churches of St. Peter. St. John Lateran. St. Mary Major. and St. Paul with the mljniniiu.r buildings of each. The palaces of t'uneelleria. Dataria. St. Callixtus. and the Oriental Congre- gation are also to he Papal awnings. There are to be several other ehnrehes and palaees under the direct rule of the Holy See. The I'mltit't' is to own a railmad station in the vieinity 0f the Vatican Gardens. This is to he under his absolute sovereignty. The train is now being built aeeortling t0 the model of a former Pnpeis train. Another condition is that eag- e mssf-gaecg Page Thirty-two 3Q? I929 jiggggegyggg