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Page 18 text:
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THE AGNITA. DEMOCRACY AND CATHOLIC PRINCIPLES By E. EDWARD HOFFMAN An innate desire for order is characteristic of the mind of man. This is tied up with the fact that man is a reasonable being,- and yet how contradictingly he sometimes acts! He has ravaged the continent of Europe,- flattened the homes of Japan,- left naked the islands of the Pacific,- and made bloody the waters of the oceans. Why are these uncivilized deeds so? For the simple reason that there is no single temporal ruler whom men look upon as having the capacity to the right to tell them the things they ought to do, or ought to leave undone. The Church would suffer similarly were it not united under a single ruler. The necessity of the Pope is not at all questionable, neither is the necessity of our obeying him questionable. The only point about which controversy might arise is that concerning the question—in what must we obey the Pope? This question is answered quite satisfactorily in the words of the immortal Pope Leo XIII: The Almighty has appointed the charge of the human race between two powers, the ecclesiastical and the civil: the one being set over divine, and the other over human things. Each in its kind is supreme; each has fixed limits within which it is contained.Whatever belongs, either of its own nature or by reason of the end to which it is referred, to the salvation of souls, or to the worship of God, is subject to the power and judgment of the Church. Whatever is to be under the civil and political order is rightly subject to the civil authority. Therefore, we can conclude that it is possible for Catholics to obey the Pope and the President. We can obey the Governor of Pennsylvania and at the same time obey the President of the United States, for both are rulers of the same people, and yet their power lies in different fields. Since the Governor and the President are both civil rulers, there is a likeness in their rule. It is the degree of authority that varies. However, the Pope and the President rule entirely dif- ferent spheres, and each is supreme in his own field. Hence we see that not only is it possible for Catholics to obey the Pope and the President, but that it is essential that they do. Did not Christ Himself command that we give to Caesar that which belongs to Caesar, and to God that which belongs to God? In other words He tells us that we must give the State whatever is its rightful due, and God what is His rightful due. At present, many of our countrymen are concerned about the fact that Catholics are subject to a foreign authority. How can Catholics who profess themselves bound to obey this infallible tribunal be good citizens? How can they be considered loyal when they owe obedience to a foreign authority which is not even recognized in our Constitu- tion? Here the question answers itself. The men who drew up our Constitution knew that the power of the Church and the State are distinctly separate, and wisely they kept them so. 12
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Page 19 text:
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THE AGNITA The Constitution states that Congress shall have no power to restrict the free exercise of religion. Hence, if Congress should pass a law restricting this right, we would not be bound to obey it, because it would not be a law, but a usurpation. In like manner, if that tribunal which is the government of the Church should pass any law impeding our civil rights, it would not be recognized as a law, but as a usurpa- Democracy is more than a political campaign, more than a theory of government. It is a philosophy of life. Its inspiration comes from a noble concept of the individual. Its success is dependent upon high moral qualities. But these are not created by the State. They come from God. Thus there can be no solid and permanent democracy unless the people believe in God. Belief in God implies belief in God’s laws which require that we obey the leaders of our govern- ment who have been elected by the people. If we select leaders and then refuse to obey their lawful commands, we are fools. Democracy implies that each man is a thought of God. The ideal democracy seeks to gratify man’s innate desire for a maximum of order; but it seeks to obtain this through a minimum of coercion. Our Ameri- can democracy could not exist without Catholic principles. Every- where we turn we find the doctrines of Christ in practical use. De- mocracy is an act of faith in God, and our American democracy is an act of faith in Christ and His teachings. Catholic principles do not essentially impede democracy—rather, they essentially create and maintain it. WOMEN AND DEMOCRACY By PATRICIA A. HART The United States realized the necessity of permitting women to lend a helping hand in the forming of a strong democracy when, in 1919, the right of suffrage was granted to them. To have a complete democracy, the government must have the special vital influence which women alone are able to exert. The woman’s place is not only in the home,- it is also in political and social life. Since women now have the power that often decides the trend of affairs, they should be as well educated as men. Woman exerts her greatest influence over her husband and her children. The ideals of the mother become the ideals of her son and daughter. The youth readily follows the advice and counsels of his mother whom he firmly believes to be the greatest philosopher he will ever meet—the greatest whom he will be able to understand. This is the lofty position held by every mother until she proves herself undeserving of it. A woman must live up to the unparalleled con- fidence her children have placed in her. That same mother who guides her children toward the right goal helps to guide society. The mother should strive to plan her life so that 13
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