Southeastern Massachusetts University - Scrimshaw Yearbook (North Dartmouth, MA)

Text from Pages 1 - 234 of the 1972 volume:

p v,. J '1 J K 1 N, gl N 'n MESSAGE DON T Loolc BZICK b. dylan DICK SUM ff- ga .L......I JIM BUFF WHANKS WISE 'x n A IQIXI William G. Saltonstall Adele Simmons William O. Taylor Talbot T. Tweedy WILLIAM THOMAS N 5 . 01 9 Z' if' 'iv E Lo 1: :Nea.g-?g. ,glib '12 '+st. ' 4-., A-w A W ry ,sh CW A L GIBL l Y 1 aw A nn- .xx .t ,ik rwalcl GEM QHAIWEN f .. lf f E , , . K v -I -wx W,,4. f ff gg X Nl F ,ff -fx lipid' 3 55.5.4 NI, LM? IH'-F XX Xfxl xADAMS DICKINSON W Instructor In Hlstory 99651 BA 1955 Harvard College AHEARN MARIE L Assoclatlon Professor of Engllsh H9651 AB 1953 Regus College EdM 1958 Tufts Umversrty AM 1961 Boston College PhD Brown Unrversnty ALPERT f Assoclate Professor ln Buslness Admlnlstratlon l19621 AB 1954 Dartmouth College MBA 1955 Amos Tack School of Buslness Admmrstrateon Dartmouth College ARGY DIMITRI Professor of Mechanlcal Englneernng l19671 Chairman Department of Mechanlcal Englneerlng Dlp Natlonal Instltute of Technology Athens Greece 1946 Dr Ing Aachen Instatute of Techonology Aachen Germany Arurr Naseer H Assoclate Professor of Polltlcal Sclence l19651 Chalrman of Polltlcal slence Department BA 1959 Amerlcan Internatnonal College NIA 1961 OhD 1967 Unlverslty of Massachusetts ATWATER NATHANIEL B Asslstant Professor of Enlglsh H9691 AB 1959 MA 1964 Brown Unlverslty PhD 1968 Umverslty of Exeter England BAILEY ANGUS Speclal Dnrector of Dramatlcs H9661 AB 1939 Brown Umversnty BAKER DWIGHT L Assoclate Professor of Chemrstrv H9651 AB 1933 Amherst MA 1934 PhD 1940 Columbla Unlverslty BARBER PHILIP E Ill Instructor ln Hlstory l19671 BA 1959 Race Unlverslty BD 1963 Yale Unlverslty Dlvlnlty School BARRY ROBERTE Assrstant Professor of Deslgn H9691 BFA 1953 MAT 1967 Rhode Island School of Desrgn BAR YAM ZVI Commonwealth Professor of Physrcs I19641 BS 1958 MS 1959 PhD 1963 Massachusetts lnstltute of Technology BARYLSKI JOHN R Assoclate Professor of Mechanlcal Englneerlng H9641 BSME 1955 New Bedford lnstutue of Technol09V lSMU1 MEd 1960 Brudgewater State College Regostered Professlonal Englneer BECK CLIFFORD N Assistant Professor of Textlles H9501 BS New Bedford Instltute of Technology SMU1 BENTO ROBERT Asslstant Professor of Physncs H9611 BS 1956 Provldence College MS 1959 Unrverslty of Maryland BESSETTE RUSSELL R Assustant Professor of Chenlstry H9681 BS 1962 Unuverslty of Rhode Island MS 1965 PhD 1967 Unlverslty of Massachusetts BIGGELAAR I-IANS VAN DEN Professor of Electrlcal Englneerlng H9631 BS 1948 MS 1950 and EE 1951 Unlverslty of Delft Delft Holland PhD 1970 Worcester Polytechnlc Instrtute Reglstered Professlonal Englneer BOOTH RROBERTC Asslstant Professor of Art l19561 Dlploma 1931 Rhode Island School f dslgn Dlploma 1932 New York School of Flne and Applued Arts Parus France BRIDGMAN HOWARD A Assoclate Dean College of Arts and Sclences l19691 Assoclate Professor of Economucs H9661 AB 1933 Amherst College AM 1941 Ph D1953 Harvard Unuverslty BUTLER MARTIN J Instructor In Hlstory H9631 BA 1965 Providence College MA 1957 Boston College CAMPBELL ALLEN L Assostant Professor of Electrlcal Engineering H9621 BS 1951 Northeastern Unrversuty MS 1966 Unlverslty of Rhode Island Regnstered Professuonal Engmeer CARON PAUL R Assocrate Professor of Electrlcal Engmeerlng H9701 BS 1957 Bradford Durfee College of TechnoIo9V lSMU1 MS 1960 PhD 1963 Brown Unlverslty CASEY m BETH ABRAMSON Instructor of Psychology H9691 BA 1965 Unlverslty of Mlchlgan MA 1967 Brown Unuversrty CASS WALTER J Professor of Engllsh H9481 AB 1943 Northeastern Unlverslty MA 1947 EdD 1967 Brown Unlverslty CHAN DY A JOHN Assoclate Professor of Mathematrcs H9651 BS 1954 Kerala Umversuty Indua MA 1962 PhD 1965 Boston Umverslty CHEN CHI HAU Associate Professor of Electrscal Englneerlng l19681 BS 1959 National Taiwan Unrverslty Talpee Talwan MS 1962 Unrverslty of Tennessee PhD 1965 Purdue Unlverslty CLEFFI AMERICUS J Instructor of Englrsh H9661 BA 1953 MA 1953 Unlverslty of Mlssouru CLOUTIER EDWARD J Assoclate Professor of Textlles H9471 CORBERT JACOUELINE BAZINET Speclal Instructor ln Muslc Vouce CORBERT 1 Assostant Professor of muslc UY INDEX Dlploma 1949 Parts Natuonal Conservatory France B 1957 MMus Ed 1958 Boston Unlversuty CONNEL JOHN H Asssstant Professor of Physrcs H9691 BS 1960 Massachusetts lnstutue of Technology PhD 1967 Unuversuty of Washington CONNOLLY HARRY W Asslstant Professor I19661 Athletlc Dlrector Dlrector of Physlcal Educatlon and Intramurals BS Boston College CONRAD WALTER E Professor of Chemnstrv H9591 BS 1944 MS 1945 Wayne State Unlversuty PhD 1951 Unrverslty of Kansas CORMIER EDWARD A Assoclate Professor of bslness Admlnlstratlon H9581 BS 1948 PrOvIdGnC9 College EdM 1955 Boston Unrversltv Certufled Publlc Accountant CORY LESTERW Instructor In Electrlcal Englneerlng H9631 BS 1963 Bradford Durfee College of Technology ISMU1 MS 1960 Unuverslty of Massachusetts COUNSELL ALDEN W Assnstant Professor of Mechanucal Englneernng H9531 BSME 1949 Northeastern Unnverslty Regnstered Professlonal Englneer CREAMER DAVID J Asslstant Professor of Mechanlcal Englneerrng H9641 BS 1958 Bradford Durfee College of Technology ISMU1 MS 1960 Unlverslty of Massachusetts CROWLEY MICHAEL Assoclate Professor of Mathematlcs l19681 BS 1947 Boston College MA 1949 Boston College c HERBERT P Associate Professor of Art H9661 BFA 1951 Washlngton Unnverslty MA 1952 Indiana Unlverslty DARDEN GENEVIEVE lnstructo of English I19671 BS 1938 MS 1967 Boston Umverslty DEPAGTER JAMES K Professor of Physlcs H9651 BS 1051 Unuversnty of Arkansas PhD 1958 Waslngton Unlverslty DIAS EARL J Professor of Enlglsh and Coordlnator of Freshman Engllsh l19581 AB 1937 Bates College MA 1938 Boston Unlverslty DIPIPPO RONALD Assoclate Professor of Mechanlcal Englneerung 99671 BS 1962 MS 1964 PhD 1966 Brown Unlversrty DOWD JOHN P Asslstant Professor o P yslcs l19671 SB 1959 PhD 1 Massachusetts lnstutue of Technology DOWNEY CATHERINE M Assoclate pofessor of Educatnon 1962 Boston Unrverslty DUMONT LILY Specnal Ins ructor an Muslc Plano SUPRE EDMUND J Assoclate Professor of Textlle Chemlstry l19421 BS 1948 North Carollna State College MEd Boston College EATON HELEN Asslstant Professor In Charge of Archlves and Government Documents Desposutor I19531 SB 1925 Certlfucate 1927 Slmmons College EDGAR ROBERT KENT Instructor ln BIOIOQV l19681 BA 1965 Unlverslty of Vlrgunla MS 1968 Rutgers Unuversuty e WILLOUGHBY R Instructor un Art l19671 BFA 1965 Chouunard Art lnstutue MFA 1967 Rhode Island School of Desrgn ESPOSITO FRANCES D F Asslstant Professor of Economlcs l19671 BA 1961 St Francls College MA 1962 Fordham Umversuty PhD 1967 Boston College FAIN GILBERT Assocuate Professor of Electrlcal Englneernng l19681 BSEE 1958 MSEE 1961 PhD 1967 Unlversuty of Rhode lsalnd FELDER JOAN Asslstant Professor ln Blology H9621 AB 1956 Barnard College MEd 1956 Brldgewater State College MA 1967 New York Umverslty FEBAUX LOUIS EF Assoclate Professor of CHemlstrV l19491 BS 1937 Tufts College FINOCCHI FERDINAND P Asslstant Professor of Chemlstry l19491 BS 1937 Tufts College FIRESTONE EVAN RICHARD Instructorln Art Hlstory l19681 BA 1962 Kent State Unuverslty MA 1965 Unlverslty of Wlsconsln FITZGERALD JOHN J Assocuate Professor of Phllosophy H9661 Ba 1949 Unlverslty of Natre Dame Ma 1953 St Louls Unrverslty Ph 962 Tulane Unlverslty DREIER JEROME Associate Professor f Mathematlcs I1965l BS 1939 Clty College of New York PhD 1958 New York Umverslty GALKWSKI Eugene F Llnrarran ln Charge of Publlc Servlces H9651 SB 1949 Holy Cross MLS 1966 Umverslty of Rhode Island GIBLIN JAMES Commonwealth Professor of Textlle Technology l19381 Purchasrng Agenct MS Ihonorary1 1954 Bradford Durfee College of Technology GINGRAS NORMAND A Choral Dlrector I19671 BM 1949 Boston Unlverslty N GOLEN FRANK Jr Asslstant Professor of Busnness Admlnustrataon I19591 BS 1950 Boston Unlverslty EdM 1958 Brtdgewater State College CAGS 1962 Boston Unlverslty GONSALVES LENINE M Professor of Electrlcal Englneerlng I19531 Chalrman Department of Electrlcal Engnneerlng BS 1952 Unuted States Naval Academy MSEE 1960 Northeastern Umversuty Reglstered Professlonal Englneer GORCZCA FRYDERYK E Asslstant Professor of Mechanlcal Englneenng H9581 BS 1958 New Bedford Instltsre of Technology ISMUI Ms 1962 Northeastern Unnverslty Reglstered Professuonal Englneer GRAN TRACY R Instructor ID Soclolo9Y I19681 BA 1961 Unuversuty of Mlnnesota MA 1965 Unlverslty of Massachusetts GREEN HERMAN J Assocuate Professor of Modern Languages l19671 BA 1927 Cnty College of NEw York PhD 1940 Columbla Unnversuty GREEN SELMA A Asslstant Profesor of Engllsh l19671 BA 1927 Hunter College MA 1929 Columbia Unnverslty GRIFF MASON Professor of Socnology H9651 Department Chalrman Socuology BA 1951 Tulane Unlversnty MA 1952 Stanford Unrverslty PhD 1958 Unlverslty of Chlcago HABITCH LOUISE A Instructor ln Engllsh H966 963 Umverslty of Narth Coston College LLB 1953 Boston College Law School HAIMSON BARRY R Instructor In Psychology I19671 BA 1963 Brandens Unlverslty AM 1965 Boston UNlversnty HANSBERRY JOHN W Assnstant Professor of Mechamcal Engmeerlng H9481 BSEE 1940 Brown Unlversaty Reglstered Professlonal Englneer HARDY BERTRAM B Associate Professor of Electrlcal Englneerlng H9481 BSEE 1940 Brown Unlversuty Reglstered Professlonal Engnneer HERRERA FRANK PARKER Instructor In Modern Languages H9661 BA 1964 MA 1967 West Vnrguma Umverslty HESS ROSEMARY T Instructor In Blology l19601 1960 Salve Reglna College HIGGINS THOMAS J Instructor ln Buslness Admlnlstratlon H9631 BS 1062 Boston College MBA 1963 Boston Unlversuty HOENIG l19651 BS 1960 East Stroudsburg State College MS 1960 OhD 1965 Rutgers Unlverslty HOFF JAMES G Assoclate Professor of Buology H9651 BS 1060 East Stroudsburg State College MS 1960 PdH 1965 Rutgers Unuverslty HOLT WARREN M Assocnete Professor of Mathemcatucs lI9511 BS 1949 Unuverslty of Massachusetts MEd 1959 Brldgewater State College HOOPER ROBERTJ Assoclate Professor of CHemlstry l19671 BS 1953 Klngs College MS 1959 PhD 1962 Notre Dame HYSLOP GARY A Asslstant Professor of Cuvnl Englneerlng H9651 BS 1963 Bradford Durfee College of Technology ISMUI MS 1965 Unuverslty of Rhode lalnd INGRAHAM VERNON L Assocuate Professor of Engllsh H9651 Chalrman Department of Engllsh BA 1949 Unlcersuty of New Hampshlre MA 1951 Amherst PhD 1965 Unlversnty of Pennsylvanla JACOBS GEORGE Asslstant Professor rn Buslness Admrnlstratlon l19641 AB 1955 Harvard Unnverslty LLB 1958 Harvard Law School Unlversrty JOHN ANTHONY J Professor of Mathematlcs H9541 BS 1950 MA 1957 Boston College MS 1960 Northeastern Unlverslty JONES FRANK N Chuef Llbrarlan l19661 AB 1930 AM 1941 Harvard LS 1941 Columbl KALIK THEODORA K Instructor ln Phllosophy H9681 BA 1962 Wellseley College KAPUT JAMES J Assistant Professor of Mathematlcs l19681 BS 1964 Worcester Polytachnlc Instutute MA 1966 Clark Unnverslty KEITH POBERT G Asslstant Professor rn Hlstory H9691 BA 1962 Amherst College Ma 1965 Harvard Unlverslty PhD Harvard ulversuty KERN w Professor of yslcs 19 4 BSc 1948 Unlversl Frankfort!Maln MSc 1951 Unlversl y Frankfort Mann PhD 1958 Unnversstat Boon KHANNA SAT DEV Assoclate Professor of Crvrl Englneerrng l19691 MA In Mathematics 1949 BSc In Cuvll Englneerung 1952 MSc an Clvll Englneerung 1965 Umversrty of Punjab Indra 1968 PhD sn Clvll Englneerlng Unlverslty of Connectlcut LAFLAMME ALPHEE N Instructor In Busaness , 1, - . I I 1 -1 , , - 1 1 h - ' ' V Y ., 1 '1 ' I . f ' 2 I F . . f I 2 1 . ' -ft - I 1 I . 1 . ' , . . . . . I I 5 ' 1 - f 1 1 ' ' ' 1 . I I . . . . I . . Y ' I , I I I . I . I ' . , . ,I ' . . . . . I I I '- I ' . - I - - I . . I 1 1 1 , ' ' ' - 'Q - 'I .I l ' ' 1 1 -1 I 1 - 1 1 . . U , I ' ' 1 1 5 I , ., , , 5 1 -1 I A I . - - I . . I . 1 I I 2 . I ' I ' ' , , , . ' ' 1 1- ' 2 ' . . ' . . ' ' 1 1 1 , 1 I A -1 I Y , . . 1 1 I. I ' , -I A I - 2 1 ' ' l' ' 1 I I' . . . . . . ' 1 1 I 2 I ' 2 . . f -1 - ' I 1 1 V -1 1 1 1 . . . ' ' h V' 1 ' . . ' ' 1 'f . ., . . ' . 5 . - I I 3 .I 1 1 1 , , , ,I . I - 1 1 - -1 1 I I I 'I I - . 1 f h ' 966 - ' I ' . I I 'I I I . 1 I ' I ' ' -1 I 1 3 ' ' l19671 BS '1956 MEd 1958 BOStOr1 COIIEQG EdD I Nll-TON, IVIU Aggoclate Professor In Biology ., , . , ' ' ' I 1 1 , . ' f . . - . - , A I I L ' 1 . 1 . -1 1 1 I I ' ' F 1 , . ' I - - I , . ' ' 3 , 1 - . . 1 . . . I D - 1 I - , , ' I .I I V I A I I I 'I A o . . . ' . . . : . , : I Z D 'I I - I . . b I I I I - 'I Y I 1 -1 . . 2 , . D D . , - h D , - I I I I ' h I 1 - I - I , , . ,I - D ' I I ' ' I I 1 . . I , , I - I ' ' ' 1 1 ' . . P f ., I ' ' ' 1 I 1 - ., I ' 'I 5 I 1 -1 I 1 1 1 ' 1 . , 1 BS an ai OW ' I . l I 1 1 ., I , ,l . h I U I 1 -1 . . I I I - - , . I 1 . 1 - , 1 . I ' ' F ' E I U - Q , x ., ' ' I ' . I I . . . A O ' ' , I 1 - 1 I. ' . ' A . . 2 I . . ' ' ' ' , 1 1 Ph I 6 1 TV ' ' ' ' 1 - 1' W , . . t ' 2 , . . P I . J ,I ' 1 1 - , 1 I ' . I -1 l U , , . . . 1 , Q - ' , , . I ' ' J ' J 1 , ., I 1 , ' I 3 1 11 IMCUUY CCENI Admlnrstratlon 119621 BS 1952 Prov1dence College MEd 1957 Bredgewater State College LANGLEY KENNETH D Ass1stant Professor of Textlle Technology 119681 BS 1064 SMTI MS 1968 Ubstutute of Technology LAVAULT RUDOLPH L Professor of Psycholo y 119351 EdB 1933 EdM 1939 Rhode lsalnd Co lege LEUNG GEORGE YAN CHOK Ass1stant Professor ID Physlcs 119671 BS 1955 Un1vers1ty of llllmors MS 1957 PhD 1963 Massachusetts lnst1tute of Technolo y MCCOY THOMAS F Assoclate Professor o Art 119591 BFA 1950 Umversrty of Kansas Drploma 1951 Academle Royale des Veaux Arts LIGES Bel rum MFA 1952 Umversltv of Kansas MCK ACH RN JANUCE Assocnate Professor of Nurslng 119691 Nursln Drploma 1947 Newton Wellesley Hosprtal BS 19 3 MS 1965 BOston Un1vers1ty School of Nursrng MACAFFE GEROGETTE Ass1stant Professor of Art 119651 BA 1962 MA 1968 Rhode lsalnd School of Deslgn MACEDO CELESTINO D Assocrate Professor of Englrsh 119541 Drregtor of Student Affalrs AB 1953 Stonehlll Colle e AM 1955 Boston College MACEDO LUIZ GO VEIA Lrcenlcado em fllologla Germanarca Un1vers1ty of Colrnbra Portugal MAGINNES DAVID R lNstructor In Hlstory 119671 BA 1954 Yale Un1vers1ty MA 1959 Columbla Un1vers1ty MARSTON WALTER E Assocrate Professor of Chemlstry 119281 BS 1956 EdM 1958 Brrdgewater State College MASTERSON RUSSELL W Ass1stant Professor of Psycholo y 119681 BA 1955 Holy Cross Colle e Ma 1957 hD 1968 Boston College MATTFI LD FREDERIC R Assocrate Professor In Buslness Admlnlstratlon 119581 BS 1939 MBA 1949 MEd 1950 Bostn Un1vers1ty MATTFIELD MARY S Assrstant Professor an Englrsh 119641 BS 1955 Bon Un1vers1ty AM 1964 Brown Un1vers1ty MEAD THEODORE P Pfofessvf Of Photography 119521 BFA 1947 Pratt lnst1tute MA 1950 Professlonal Drploma 1962 Columb1a Un1vers1ty MELLOR GEORGE E Qsslffganet Prfmfgiwr llqgpgg 119'-681 AIB 1954 ooerlrn empe Unlverslt MIER EJEWSKI WALTER E A5s1st3ntP1-Qfegggr of Mathematlcs 119571 AB 1948 Harvard MILLS CAROLYN A Instuctor In Art 119671 BFA 1963 Rhode lsalnd School of Desrgn IVIORTON ROBERT W Instructor In Electrlca Engmeermg 119681 BS 1964 Un1vers1ty of Rhode lsalnd MA 1966 Duke Un1vers1ty MOSS SANFORD A Ill Asslstant Professor rn Brology 119671 BS 1961 Yale lmversltv PhD 1965 cornell umversrry MOWEFIY DWIGHT F J Commonwealth Professor of Chem1strKA119571 AB 1937 Harvard College PhD 1940 assachusetts Instltute of Technology MULCARE DONALD J Ass1stant Professor In Blolo y 119691 BS 1962 St Procrpus Colle e PhD 196 Un1vers1ty of Notre Dame MUR HY D mel J Assoclate Professor of Electrlcal Engmeermg 119621 Charrman Department of Electrlcal Engmeermg BS 1960 New Bedford INst1tutre of Technology 1SMU1 MS 1966 Northeastern Un1vers1ty PhD 1969 Northeastern Un1vers1ty NESBIT ALEXANDER Professor of Art 119651 Chaurman Department of Deslgn 19191923 Art Students League of New York 192201923 The Copper Umon NEUGEBAUER MARGOT Asslstnat Professor rn Art 119551 BFA 1952 Rhode lsalnd School of Desrgn MFA 'IMS Syracuse lmversrty NICOLET WILLIAM P Assoclate Professor of Englush 119651 BA 1956 Bowdom Umverslty 1965 U1958 PhD 1964 Brown Un1vers1ty O BRIEN FRANCIS X Instructor of BIOIOQV 119681 BA 1963 Suffolk Un1vers1ty MS 1965 Un1vers1ty of New Hampsh1re PALLATRONI ROBERT A Ass1stant Professor Of PSVchoIogy 119681 BA 1954 Dartmouth Colle e MEd 1960 State College at Brrdgewater AM 19 2 PhD 1969 PANOS MARGARETA lnstructorm En lush 119621 AB 1954 Stonehlll College MAT 19 6 Brown Un1vers1ty PANUNZIO WESLEYC Ass1stant Professor of MOdern Languages 11964 AB 1942 Un1vers1ty of lllrmols AM 1954 Un1vers1ty of Chrcago PhD 1964 Boston Un1vers1ty PARENTE APUL J Assocrate Professor of Mathematlcs 119541 BS 1954 Bradford Durfee College of Technology 1SMU1 SM 1961 Boston Un1vers1ty PATTEK HAROLDI Ass1stant Professor of Art 119661 19481952 The Cooper Umon Srt School BFA 1957 Yale Un1vers1ty PENCE JAMES D Instructo ID Modern Languages 119681 BA 1960 Ohro State Un1vers1ty POTTER HAROLD H V1st1nq Professor of Scoaology 119691 BA 1939 Snr George Wrlllams Un1vers1ty MA 1949 McG1ll Un1vers1ty PRESEL DONALD S Ass1stant Professor rn Physlcs 19601 AB 1953 Brown Un1vers1ty MEd 1959 SM 1964 Northeastern Un1vers1ty REARDON JOHN J Professor of Blology 119651 Chalrman Department of Blology BS 1948 MA 1949 Un1vers1ty of Mrchlgan PhD 1959 Un1vers1ty of Oregon REGAN JOHN T Assrstant Professor of Textrles 119491 AB 1922 Holy Cross College REHG NORMAN M Professor of Englush 119641 BA 1939 Ma 1943 Un1vers1ty of Kansas AM 1948 PhD 1952 Harvard Un1vers1ty REIS RHICHARD H Assoclate Professor of Englrsh 119651 AB 1052 St Lawrence Un1vers1ty MA 1957 OhD 1960 Brown Un1vers1ty REICHARD CONRAD P Ass1stant Professor of Mechanrcal Engmeermg 119561 Actrng Charrman Department of lndustrlal Engmeermg BS 1950 Rhode Island School of Deslgn reglstered Professronal Engrneer RIFKIN LESTER H Professor of Hlstory 119651 Chalrman Deprtment of Hlstory BS 1945 AM 1946 New York Un1vers1ty Phd 1959 Brown Un1vers1ty RITZ FREDERICK J Instructor In Textrles 119661 BS 1957 Bradford Dlrfee College o Techonology 1SMU1 ROBERTS J LOUIS Ass1stant Professor of Busrness Admlnstratson 119581 PhD 1944 Provrdence Colle e Am 1948 Columbra Un1vers1ty RONITAILL LOUIS J ASs1stant Professor of BUs1ness Admlnsltratron 119581 BS 1949 Provrdence College MED 1954 Boston Un1vers1ty Reglstered Publrc Accountant ROSEN ALAN R Instructor In Englrsh 119681 BA 1960 Un1vers1ty of Hartford Ma 1962 Pennsylvanla State Un1vers1ty ROSEMFELD MC Assoclate Professor of Hlstory 119661 Ab 1951 Arn 1957 Boston Un1vers1ty PhD 1961 Un1vers1ty of London SANDSTROEM MRS YVONNE M Asslstant Professor of Englnsh 119691 BA 1954 Lend Un1vers1ty Sweden AM 1966 Brown Un1vers1tySASSEVlLLE NORMADN Assocrate Professor of Brology 119561 Bs 1949 Provudence College EdM 1950 Boston UN1vers1ty SAURO JOSEPH P Dean College of Arts and Sclences 119691 BA Assoclate Professor of Physrcs 119651 Bs 1955 MS 1958 PhD 1965 Polytechnlc lnstltue of Brooklyn SClONTlm JOSEPH N Jr Ass1stant Professor of Hlstory 119651 Ba 1960 Suffolk Un1vers1ty MA 1961 Tufts lnrversrty PhD 1967 Brown Un1vers1ty SHONTIG DAVID H Assoclate Professor of Electrlcal Engmeermg 119671 BS 1955 MS 1958 Un1vers1ty of New Harnpshlre ScD 1966 Massachusetts lnst1tute of Technology SILVEIRA WILLIAM A Assocuate Professor of Textrle 11956 BS 1954 New Bedford lNst1tute of Technology 1SMU1 MS 1956 lnst1tute of Textrle Technology SILVIA MANUEL S Assoclate Professor of Busmess Admrnrstratlon 119591 BS 1955 New York Un1vers1ty MEd 1959 Brldgewater State College LLB 1967 Suffolk Un1vers1ty SIMEONE LOUIS S Professor of Mathematlcs 119461 BS 1945 Northeastern Un1vers1ty AM 1951 Boston Un1vers1ty SMITH CALEB A Professor of Economrcs 119661 Charrman Department of Economlcs SB 1937 Haverford College MA 1942 PhD 1943 Harvard Un1vers1ty STERN NOEL T Professor of Polltlcal Scrence 119641 Charrman Department of POIITIC81 Sclence BA 1934 Swarthmore MA 1940 OhD 1942 Un1vers1ty of Pennsylvanra STEVART ALBERT A Assocrate Professor of Mechanrcal Engmeermg 119641 SB 1932 Massachusetts lnst1tute of Technology MA 1952 Boston Un1vers1ty STICKLER JOHN G Assoclate Professor of Textrles 111960 New Bedford rnstrtute of Technology ls1v1u1sTo1x1E SAMUEL A Commonwealth Professor of Mathematrcs 11948 BS 1936 MS 1937 Unrversrtyf New Hampsh1re PhD 1953 Boston Un1vers1ty SWAYE ARTHUR V Asslstant Professor of Textrles 119581 BS 1958 MS 1965 New Bedford lnstrtute of TECHNOLOGY ISMU1 TABACHNIK PRISCILLA R Ass1stant Professor In Busrness Admrnrstratlon 119631 BS 1963 New Bedford lnst1tute of Technology 1SMU1 MBA 1966 Boston Un1vers1ty TANNENWALD RONALD Asslstnat Professor of Mathematlcs 119681 ScB 1963 Clty College of New York TEETER LURA S Professor of Phllosophy 119651 Charrman Department of Phelosophy SB 1928 Un1vers1ty of Vallfornla AM 1934 OhD 1951 Radcllffe THOMAS GEORGE J Professor of Chemrstry 119681 BS 1964 Boston College PhD 1967 Massachusetts lnst1tute of Technology THOMMEN HANS J U Professor of Mechanlcal Engmeermg 119491 Chalrman Engmeermg Technology Programs Bs 1949 Worcester Polytechnlc lnst1tute MS 1961 Northeastern Un1vers1ty TINKHAM HOWARD C Professor of Mechanlcal Engmeermg 119491 Chalrman Engmeermg Technology Programs BS 1949 Worcester Polytachnrc lnst1tute MS 1961 Northeastern UDIVGYSIIY TOGNERI EDWARDP Professor of Art 119571 BFA 1951 Rhode Island School of Deslgn TRIPP FRANCIS Professor of Textrle CHem1stry 119411 Charrman Department of Textrle Chemustry BS 1930 North Carolrna State College MS 1938 ChE 1939 Un1vers1ty of North Carolrna BS 1956 New Bedford lnst1tute of Techonolo9V1SMU1 TRIPP FRED R Asslstant Professor of Textrle Chemlstr 119571 BS 1930 Professor of Chemustry 11961 BS 1959 New Bedford lnstrtute of Technology 1SMU1 TYKODI RALPH J Professor of Chemrstry 119651 BS 1949 Northeastern Unrverslt PhD 1954 Pennsylvama State Un1vers1ty VAL NTE ABEL A Ass1stant Professor of Crvrl Engmeermg 119651 Actrng CHa1rman Department of C1v1I Engmeermg BS 1928 Un1vers1ty of Vermont MS 19 2 Un1vers1ty of Notre Dame REGISTERED Professlonal Englneer VINCI JOSEPH Professor of MOdern Languages 119661 Chalrman Department of MOdern Languages BA 1942 The Clty Colle e of New York MA 1949 Columbna Un1vers1ty ML 1955 Mlddlebury College WAGNER CLAUDE W Assocrate Professor of CHem1stry 119491 BS 1946 MS 1949 Un1vers1ty ofC1nc1nnat1 WALDER RICHARD Ass1stant Professor of ELETRICAL En rneerrn 119561 BS 1948 Un1vers1ty of Rhode Isa nd ALSH MARY LOUISE Assustnat Porfessor of Modern Languages 119651 Dean of Women AB 1937 Regls College MA 1956 Boston Un1vers1ty Dlploma 1954 Un1vers1ty of Parrs 1Shorbonne1 Certrfrcate 1961 Un1vers1ty of Desancon WASHINGTON IDA HARRISON Ass1stant Professor of MOdern Languages 11966 Ba 1946 Wellesley College MA 1950 Muddlebury WAS INGTON LAWRENCE M Assoclate Professor of Modern Languages 119661 AB 1949 MA 1950 Mrddlebury Colle e PhD 1958 Brown Un1vers1ty WEEKS WALT R J Instructor rn Modern Languages 119651 AB 1962 Rutgers Un1vers1ty MA 1964 Brown Un1vers1ty WHITAKER ELLIS H Assocuate Professor of Blology 119641 BS 1930 Worcester Polytechmc Onstltute MS 1936 PhD 1949 Cornell Un1vers1ty HITE CHARLES WILLIAM III Ass1stant Professor of En lash 119661 Ba 1958 Boston UDIVGYSIIY Ma 1 61 Tufts Un1vers1ty Phd 1967 Harvard Un1vers1ty WILD WILLIAM C Jr Professor of Busrness Admrnrstratlon 11950 Chalrman Department of Busrness Admrmstratron Bs 1946 Brrdgewater State College MBA 1960 Northeatern Un1vers1ty EdD 1968 Boston Un1vers1ty WILLlAMSm EUGENE R Ass1stant Professor of Mechanlcal Engmeermg 119461 BS ChE 1942 Northeatern Un1vers1ty MEd 1955 Rhode lsalnd College WILSON JAMES L Assoclate Professor of Englrsh 119641 BS 1931 Un1vers1ty of Oklahoma MA 1939 Yale Un1vers1ty PhD 1947 Un1vers1ty of NOrth Colrna WINTER FREDERICK Professor of Engnsh 119471 AB 1930 Clark Un1vers1ty Ma 1949 Un1vers1ty of New Hamphsrre WU CHANG NING Assoclate Professor of CHem1stry 119631 BA 1956 Hartwrck College MS 1962 PhS 1964 State Un1vers1ty of Iowa WU YUNG KUANG Assoclate Professor of Electrrcal Engmeermg 119651 Bs 1056 Natronal Tarwan Un1vers1ty MS 1960 Kansas State Un1vers1ty PhD 1965 Un1vers1ty of Mlchagan YOKEM MELVIN B Instructor of Modern Languages 119661 BBA 1960 Un1vers1ty of Massachusetts MAT 1961 Brown Un1vers1ty ' , , 1 1 1 , , 1 I . ' 1 ' , 1 1 l . -I a 1 o -1 I '1 I . 1 I I Y 'I q I I 'I . I I I . 'I . ' 1 1 1 ' I - . . . . , 1 1 1 -1 , . 1 . fg 1 1 1 1 -1 . . , 1 - l 1 1 . . I . I I . I - - ' . ' -1 , , . . ' . . . ' .' 1 , I ' . E . ' 1 ' ' ' ' ' I 1 ' - , 1 I . . . . 1 1 l . 'I I , . . , E . . - ' . . , , . 1 1 1 I 4 I 1 . 1 ' 7 ' . . A . I I I l, . . . . . ' - I 1 1 1 1 . 4 1 1 '1 ' . . . . . I 1 1 I , .. 1 , I 1 ' ' ' I I 1 I I I . E 1 I . . . . Q 1 ' I 'I . . . 1 , I .I , . . . . E gp , . 1 . 1 . . ' 1, I I I , I - 1 . . . . .- 1 . ' g l 1 I ' 1 l -1. - I . 1 1 1 , 1 1 ' ' ' ' ' ' I 1 V171 . I I 1 - . - ' I - 1 I I I . 'I 1 1 1 , ,I . . ' ' , 1 l - . . . . . . ' ' 1, . . . . ' 1 . l I 1 ., - ' , ' ' 1 1 - ' ' i 0 , ' ' - 1 ' . ' ' . - -1 - - . I College PhD 1962 Columbra Un1vers1ty: . , , ., , . . ' I ' ' , ., 'I 1 . ' 1 ' , ' ' . -1 . 1 ' ' ' I ' ' - . I I 'I I . 1 . , I . . . . l ' ' ' ' ' 1 . 1 - I ' ' . . l 1 'I . , . ., I - I l . 1 1 1 1 ' . I'., . , , , ' . I . 1 1 '1 3 , ' , '1 I . . . 1 5 .' '. . . . . . . U , 3 I ., -1 . - 1 l I - . I , I 1 1 1 1 '1 I ' 1 - . I . 1 1 . ' ' , . I I ., . I I l 1 '1 ' 1 . . . . , n l . . . . , , . . 1 ' 1 . 'I . ' 1 l 1 1 4 1 ' . I 1 , , . ' - ' ., I 1 l 1 ' '- ' - ., . . . . A , - - D 1 1 l . , ' ' 1 1 1 ' J , . , ., I 1 . . . I .I . . . . i ' I 1 1 , ' 1 ' . . . ' I 'I . . ' ' 3 1 ' I 'I . ' I 'i . 1 1 2 4 1 I 1 1 1 I 1 , A ., . U I ' I ' . , I I 'I 1 I ' 1 w '1 - 1 . H . 1 I 1 1 1 , ., D I 1 ' 'I ' 1 1 -1 , 1. DUNES 5. - NL ' Finns:-as A. 2::'i,'f Aj - V -eu .A ik , 1 if Sf 'xl Xu 7. 575 X. ii, -in-'V ,Q - . f 1,3 gl 5 5 QX ,S 'T fi ? sr . E S A H Y 1 4 I x , x gO wx X, 4 ' Us . 'V t I TO Evan :HE JSE U7'D'-4 3 m QS' Qmgb gqag xna E M - 3550 .wqg 83'Z 'EI.gN 'U 'ow SEE EUS 25:5 QU . w-149 sian QD'-4-45 uuO3 5050 NWCH ? y whhlinxiggg NV af' X V Q I W4QQY.Yf si ' ig ,X J get 1 X ,.qawf -W V , XX if 15 ' QWBFVSVJ w,' X Q E X f ?' g'4X , ,m,fa K ' .ENW 'nf' 'xx . Q, Y if Q1 4 X .,HQw .... ,QP .,..,, c when owocvv efidgffws Eiidspwoa H :N ,C ' cn ,N . . 5-1 Q... cn.: -Ecu vp, 0 U ' 2:3-QOSON S2cE32EESb Q33Ew'N'd xQgw,,H3N3 :I-4 05,5550 ON HUM ' .'f uME3iO:w8 av-2565355 MEN ggmgw 2,fO2EEuq5 ' ' ., 'U ...va 4-1 ' 5 c c ' UH v aviiggess a'EEm3w2xZ E'8E5MENuU S.g55U32g og Eiagumg Piwhaigwwo 1 5 QHWUPO vimog ghiw mn QQPEC HQgWaw Qu. Q' 'Q.Jg '+-1 C M 'U'- -1. 220 :-4 L' N -- '55 t1N 'i hi wc wmv -- ' Hvwwn aiszgbsef QEQD 'M:SS gmQQH JW.a Egwagdgeig 1 ,., f -,-4 ,CmgEEm'3w J'tgH'w'Qx Q,EMw:wm w 550 EQWJXN EWS:--E533 N EIQQEWCO Emwaaogcv Quwa-OwH2w Em Smmczwo UQ 3'E!SM .ggmcyoogo UIQLZBEEOGSQL-1 . O Q.,g.,,qgOQ 1' --Q9 PS5 'U H . E H O0 NH 12 Qwaiocmo H 337W'bm'vN D4EpegNmm6 gO2Sw5HmH3 my Cokwvma aimsvmmvvm 15,0012 6 ,K i xp Q e V, f.-rr-'vm zccggag I-4 Q P: gOO,,,,o ,mgqfgd 35.05,-4 mb . 03320 SERS NH mmm Saw -3-4 Ein? 5 io? N fig 'Umm .wg ' E 2 Q6 ,QUM H o ni w, O- Ef:w3 2 cpl-no ,510-TQ Om . DC,-4.2 gnu o ,,,.f- o ,,, Eroffwhq C+-2-Cm .wgigct QQQQNSS o35:4gu E Qmngg EQEHJCE 2536352 :nREanw s-I 5 O +1 bd GJ D -v-1 4.7 f 2 N 'N V 4 1 Q is ' 3 A 0 V a I ,, Msn- Y A 'E 'Q iw Ami? 1 Jeisgiiigd 8E3g5a6s5J2 igsagegmH0 Sa ggvgagmw u-4 ' - - 4-v 36u,G2 555 ,5CER232H:. 'L' 4-New!- ..1m3 -p aU3.-C: :OO jgnmngggs m ,'ggngg3m Mn M' 'wxd , E agnrfgsg 522ig,aQ:Ea ..v4d'U+-W 1-1 0 Ng :ACD 4-wg.,-o-1 --C aww Q5 H oMDmwHwOw E1 is Hizfw Od nnwgg Q: okfdiimwgnq Euros' wk g -4-2.-CI O:-4 H .-4gC,'QaOE gg Q, Ufw UPW 'Ho Wv'n59o'3Ox SaHvwwS,gv, HS onmauw 203m 590:36 NSSSEQ mmm, p:S im3SE3 N2DE22'28J3 533553-3293 'aggsmsageg mai cwgnw oxa EN M G-'C cu Q ,Q 5- Om, 2 m ow Dogg 2535, Nnwn Sgwdwfggnwr 599 Hvdmminf QHHEDMG NC? EHff35B..2v? x ,Q -N Src gggdwggmugp m W Q 'Q' C Q Q . CU-ang. mad Q0 CG.-Q QE -H-44 cwg 5 CGMWE www vip -ug wh xH.aGo M mwcmim.-wow Q2 oggmgcg ,QQQOQSEBSQ . U GJ ' E SSWSQZSSS 35 Sv M55 S 53253333332 5Cfws5o525EE nHnnnannE:H E232avwwEncu E O -a-1 G 5 CB 4-1 -45 V7 ISK O O .CI is VJ mm QD 6 VJ E G5 -v-4 v-4 E 6 N C2 C EE' 5235 E 5 5 K 4153 5mHmm gbam N .CI ON,d Ego, E W O 2-1 .- fm' :ESEQ ,-4 .- U Goo mf D1 EBN 533 OFQv-Q .O CC O L' or Lf.-Q..-4-w U wtic 'Eu oil sei? 294-on oem OJO evmf Eaafg oism l-1-4-YO 6 .Q cu E n E o we A1 U O a-4 ,Q f CD 5 C aa 5 as I0 G as .D .D cv Pigfdxia En T I Tw aging Of-1'-' 0+-1 QHE S P6 Nba M 3-4 U Q f f .-4 Q3 erset In S0 L .:, ' C1 Q 4-'I C1 5 'V SSEMU SX 5 03:53 GSP-:Gui-4 . .O 0 cvLo ',.foa x0,a.2.-Q OOr-4 ':d :S .D O 5 FI O M , 5. QEHE 4 5 ,. 2 Og Q5 E: U3 saw 07 v E Us gm mn 565 2 QS nnzoaiaxn 3:,U vigg c do vow 3:: 032 E Wx QLD G51-4 wwe! 525 who 5-l 3: Si 2 Efn oEw :ON Cvvuawb ngw io Hagng ,-40.00 m '--1 O .'U . vf CIEC D4 ,5 ROE' JH5.g Squaw Eh 3? . 54 . EQEGQSQ 6 wi 6 S gm E .Q so ui.:- 'U N 0 0 U no ..-Hp f m fs-4 45,250 o.-Qu-:CO o.-Qu-1 CI buf :BS 4-'UD E 'I3 . .GS HD -03, is E S f Q3 GJ wi E 8. aa G cd -- 6 Sl -w 0 6 .4 C5 H U 6 H -1 0 HE-ug gQEOw0?E , 1 ' gif' I .ah P v - X 1 x , , , 4,4 , Q, Q 5 f W-ff f. 5 m ' XX ,W . 4 J .J 6 1 X I? ,XTDNR qx A R . ,j3, e - !g -Cx i ' K ' Q, W x y Mg' i M ,.,. 3. x no 4 ji 1 3JfE3fQfJa gm? Q eu... 'dgdg 's-4... U 0 .MENU 3ZEwNo EGNN5 aa CI gp?-Q. Eiwnni v-I . ' fd 0 .CSE in H Hsgsgv rs 'agus Q'P-s-NVQ: Eaado o--s-. ggugg gguao 'DCM .QQHOUC oeugig ,,u, 8Ev533 ,D QJN og 'Ugw-1 Esiif. onsaii O EE N GJ ,DVI 3 u I: 6 Q. gg.zQTg O Q40 I-O v-1 Qi-4 GS .-'Uv 'I oscar, mt O :QQ ,ES sag 3 E W 3 Q vm Q3 I'f za O99 ' QHS ri L94-I H'v gn f Q-T I-1 SI 5221 w-1.,:m2 .GTI U . ,. I-1 .- P2:o I-1 : Q23 QS gi O .221 rn Bgn. EQEQ o.D..Clcu 66 E 4-T E3 O Q x VJQ-7 'F' 8,26 5'-7 Uw ai DE: O mi-3 62 +3 :-4 SSE Moog SUE? asvg saif .428 -'O 14-1 P- '- -Q CL.. dag- S353 uw g ggi! 4-1.-Cid asa 66 ,u U u wEgiE 5. 45519953 q.4OiDuz': Bwvik 3 C8 .5323 f 7 .Q -4-we . -Eggvzm Qnfgqi HM L -BU C .go SQQUQH -r H if: :wi v-fgnlh Q :dm-awww 0-as I-4 Uv? .r H-aqq rv in 5 v cu.Q EQSTES .-1 D. R , 5 W3H:aS omg, PPQ .2 Ng.. hswmnoe as 49 .D 2255332 U og25u Mtn.: d'U 1'c -1' QJQ-T G10 JEH W O E,H5o Q-5 OIQIOP wg 0'3 Us-.mln LDQDGO.-Qu-E w?rA fri was 5655255 E30 som y st., 18 f , 44 carter amer1c dave, rn Qu CO. I-4010 'O-7 an 2 as Qmnwqj E v'E OIHSL! H BH :H Q .qg, ' fr dvvgw2E :hx WEN ,,,f,,,o,x+-uso Sasv-NO go4,2'O.-io Q :- S252 .Pfob-'-1 D -E nwzivw Egg ws-4 ,CQ 4, we w'NvU piiggaw 35 'DEQ as of 3 s-4 :-4 O 50 QBQHQOQ L00 C, Q r'-lu . 0+-1 ,p. 7 cu 54 wig vw rx 3 O 'UCD Q23S3s2 Es 3 .-evgmio 'ogg r 68 653 E avg? ,Ego EQHSENB H WE EEE- GHSDE C -15-I . . W 223d5wb2HJiw OO.-D:-MABYI' m'U va.-.H 623 4 ,ggi 'Gsm .... ,Q url ' ' S253 5 QE O -QFD- 3-2 saw .A 44 6 f ff I N . 44 I I s M ' x'gf 'K 1 1 4 9 ,, Lx Al , fy A . I x 'J tg Y t ' :Q ' . . ' 4 -nav '- X HQQQQC' S Jr N ' 3 f 4 R ,, .Q , ,a x ' '1 'Q A it . I P. ' ir fe ifx G ' ' ' W 252 1 gf qx'w jg 2 -14? ' ' A X, N lg I. .V E Y , -1 Q 77 ' Q' A it - w C ,mk- W L ., r K4 r ' 'fix Q ' H ., lg? nx 'N' MM' - ATX ,fll-- dh , . 5 .A if 1 ' ' i ' a 3 - in wvx 4 Q I X pl A HWY 'Y f Q gi X - .hx 4. x I f X .x fy mf. 6c6 cgucg .: gwmm QOOP QLDH Una GJ n3m . U3 -4-3 '13 gg ,U O... 4-7 a-. ,O H'u539 SC Sunni Q0 U3 'CS .CI 3 ..... Dag .C 3052 FNS ,C ,,5 ' w.O3RQ WE O a-1 99 2 ..o U 'Van Ov QEW GJ 7-:I Q3 4-Y -4-7 CIQ N 9 35 Nm GJOqQ riv .NE 082 U S: gap, CO9 asia' Q 53 :A . 'c: 33x55 F1 E60 , 5:-7465 Cd .GN G.93m3'gd1L.'H v7w U?, mmf., Q-VON ,G Uqpqg Q..-4 4-7-O-7 oH2E35goo NCQ-4 oe' as O C-3- Q C0 2: -QEOLD5 'G 2: f3 Go 3-4 O m Fl gm U d cn Q.- 'Nm ,..CI .v-4-O: 'C os 5E N f.- 'ii Og: DEE 530 w E cu-w-1 EEE 7O'U 11.59-' o'c-C emi as L4 33 oDDRSQuouECm 06 - I 3 ,,w.h ,..,, EmH3wE35E o Hwmw. 'H .oQ1p, u W' GPS QE' qJ ':Om'0 D.-.aa,3,.1P1 ,Q'U..Qa.a QU583xC-E 3 NQQ ,,QQ'U 'I-4 ggd'kH3DR6 f CY5o'U'U.Q -H JNEUHERSEW frogiwvgvf ....O.::.'Oo'g...55:.n C.2'Q u-40-FQCNQE E E3 2gPy O.gng3CcgU mb..-4 05,5--1 vEC3rCSWQ .-C5502 j P 3605 4.-:Tim -'Q +3 Lf ,gwm am ' '57 '-'Juan megmgi , aah: 50:25 gqggf Q33- 5'E53CIr-lll:w:gV a gcug. mvmg Ojcsoggfgbcom ooQ1x-4 aamNvMO , I-1 g4mE CHCU-1 3590 , , 4 H N Qi' ' V5 H x 9 5 my -I rp-4 -'G5 CEQQ 1.101 Q3 Hu-1 5' f 45+-1 3ClJ,Es.,.4 s :ES Zh, -Rei o3nn Gozo EDEN VJN-as ,-4601-5 -dwg 25.6 Oz 2652 Egcg ivd 0332 gswi 3652 C'f0GS Gw?0 'Cin-4515 5 .Q . VJ O.- dim 55 5 Owv .Tl O Eg: m O-4 Q3 vi H 6 s-e O 'O-1 +5 'J-CVD 'O 'cu .D cu C s: o 2 32 C3 'v-4 st rcester 0 6 P '- 0 5 CD ng' f , f ell , t1ve beqcon st 10, Jim en russ 39 eme '- xl 'U N61 Q ,4 33S ,232 i wg O as as .D O cdi s-4f3Qf ' a3?J agvi zwum Mfgg 3..- BUvQn2 S-I 9' . , y lr! i 5 i AX7- s, Q I 44 X-A P ' ' A W, .gil an f I 1 35555256365 'USED-U mg 'Egg 4-,4- U,,,--. bm'-Qvv NIM-1.-D.-Q OS 22 Q, . ms, 0759: P4 . o 9-4 U gan O, 52 .Gig ge5xge rv mm fum -5 -'10 ws: .nc-o 'Q' - 0 . zxu um Q mo, NNE -ow: uno-f? aa .HQ ff' . wma.-Qc.: g'G H Q U mo Emgg I-4' GJ H E: rv Q, . ..- 5 f.-1 ' H Ofg ww U 57.054 H7-4 E 4565 . gg img 0 ,HE U O43 0,1544-av-U C: ,QO :Ov-4.500 Jgggootgv O Q05 'U'-Q ' Q avi 'dd P --1 Fl CLS- USIH-C fa-4 Hmgava L. 'O-1 U Zvi EH ' c SH' 5 .D.fGl:v mg Q Esrogcuocrfgo Q 0 w m gi M.- -2 as: 'Cc n-one 'C I-4 O .30 5.2 ' 5 1-4 BQQELOQJS Wuhan v-4.-img: .QE 5355: QDEQO as HE ai EE '3 U ow - an fu ' g53N58uE:33H I Q 4-1 -., 1 -, - I-1 '1 -'f3.f,F1'CE:rr'f'?' A ' ' Q .,Q K w x 3 A -f T' N5 - ,xiii f 'WI 'glial a 1 my X 3 2- N: 1 L x P fl +L Y .,YV MW -Q f xvn ' 2 ,Tf'3 , afifg JV 43' 5 3 QQ? ',A. f'Q ! a , A . -A ,. Qs - Q A f wiv :ff ' E Q Qi Rv' 'x 'M gd F', x Q i.. .. 2 awk 3 , 9'fl 1 - ' X ,.'. ' q' wx ui?f', w W V . 3i.4g5bi' 1, ,-Q 715, ' -' Xi. E sg- -x4g' eg . . -, 1-A? ,,... ri' - Q , ' ' , 'Q S , 4 X M t -X .f 'Q A, 1. Q fgw f ,-W 1 V 1 ef Q -Q A o',W -me , , Xgfw' -2'- Q J ,A x iff yvxr . X gf ski ,I a vvvf 'Q nUu'fG0 w'd::::on gg25Egwom mESug5vNE g-g2o-gE- HewH Q . G5 -OHVSSQHN :QL-.mi 6,5 4'UH3obQJmf g:,f p, vW34 '3'I3 'QP GS,Q C. ':: U 3 'Egm :-4 W ' b E 'Us as an m.'. .iw '-f .55 Jun ww3J3a:HJ gUm'Om- HMwwvwvJ Jak: BHE' Eomi wo? xO3MO an .,.fg'5'-Q CN U --1 5 -594011-1 '02 in ofo '- Env NS'- U 'Jiangsu --,Q f ESI e HEWESSQ -v 356' Q gggwg ,'Z 2333 ni-:Z :H v-4 oo :S-- I-'Q-.0 - Gfafwr- -oiwo o3uQ Sus Eioub- :'O'-1'-+Em'Q ' Q 'Um ' H 'V ' N ,aa--2 FQ TE an -gag gin!-4 -Nc'f'cJ:,,-jo , 'DQ '.QCo,... ,OE Q51 L. P 'TJQOGS-1 ' fs EPQMSEE Ham GHQMS3 ,.-. cu , cv SQJ'd22YOm Eiimidxvfi ggwimq ,U.: f-a,3GSQ,OI-'--1+-,,, 5w Q CJHUQ Eden GQHWQ ,S--asgeii wo -og me U:2i,.QE33 5223523258 dEE2QQ3D3i gENsgo2Sga 14 a.53nmq3:o -xiagigagu .-no 055'-'OS-45 Sc 'O Qawdm uaiuuugcui CEEQEWWCU5 V fx W , , zzz..-QI 'Q ' in- by H . V V 1 2 A, I UE 5030 +-1 -Cl 52 :U':v -fo '49 Gam Ouaruw H cvmgs Ji QV? I6 :E gd ge ELO O mi' 4 - N13 ,P '63 ,Q H3 3: 001 Q4 .-1 :s:v-- gg 25,380 9. 1-1 s-cm :- 3-eg LOG svfwe E 5 nngmeuvf cps-.E 'ua eau 'CJ 011 O 3 gsugi g3uE +9 Q9 pw.. gig O -H:-io ., 3 c -gage .:-4 'OU EMD 3 EO GZEE O.E, 3+-V0 'Ecu 949-4 NQHQQ, Snag: 5,16 t 6 nte av o, 4 henr eir 3-- 1-4 :-4 GJ '44 C erreir rh d 1. fag 1'1v Q2 P.. N:-4 Q-4 GJ L4 IS1 3:5 322 2E 2-0 CEE .Q .iw qscvw 93 N r O bm Mv Sw Q .- U 3:2 P S s 4fA5 X V Q -,A ,J F Y R . K ' f kx, W ww, sf 'K e si? ' px f Vsg + ,W , lf' u Hx 2 , Kg A V? A f' x , .yi Q . , -NH N 'w ff -W 'F X A ' Yi A K M U :HH, . . T Efvibw sig?- BQSQHE Eiga -cr 'cs .6 E O -H Q94-v0 1630 'N 'Qrn'Uqo.E.c Q. , 'UQ -GN E .ggii E2ENa03:3Db , . -a-1 G3nxic gggsv JOOEEEHYWEW smog' 1-1 -f-554:-3 ,ls ' .O H-1 Ho .... 63:54-4 SQSW 3eHENHmQw-6 H5-n3EEw5wO 6 ' so QEQH .Q'awO Nw, x0QQi'2g: C5 '3 Qf-4 mfg cv Q3 . aa .1-.5 ,n.3UD5Ga 3 2QSwv3Hrm5o .ESEEQQGWQC gxgcgigggag x5U5E6W5SVHQ 6vU2E53N SEQ Hvhvw x20 o? MMOG e H -n 2-5 ,,a.... .su-,Cf ...cg 1-'unqgf foxnmdowg Smnndiv WO E .Du-a 50:-I J-73-I T ' g .S 33323350 'Fl - A 'HQQ-C+' W3 ,bg C fl EUS +5 -'L' S ig HW T' 'U aaa CJ C gcE3xa.5 -CI oC'-+-1'Uc8 -a-VU fgdqgv Bs: a-fp:-4- CDQ-465 qdmmg OOCIEI QR..-Q V'v'G'5afN J: Huqw -53 Q-wo-5Ceu.Q Owwvww C 3 Jtowag N .35 aw E of mv J-T.-CI .E - Q0 QM 2 b 46-lf:-42 Z N, 35200235 igv :QW M -1 ---- ...r nagigdibg Jgivpmafi 3-I 53f.EE2 41: s-H-W 3-4,3 Q-4 wil'-o-4 -4 :sto 4---.. :gmc EagNEESa2ig 2.133 Hia fL4Nq9 H GJ ,QM SU -13.,.N o Magi? mn W Q-QEEQQN gn OQ g 'N3..3 -'Uv-4 'O W m3:vdO -N 'HF' ..C!aaC'-'mo 'G ' 'U - CI Q Em.2.2z :QNQEW +9 r,.o -'eiwwwzov a w C Q-.Q 3: UFO . v-1 5.4 WMS: O 302 6553 :JOQSU Nazi icing ' N3-4-4-7-5 an QQHSW J - 8 E - HH:23s cd ,N.-Qfosqgw . E359 Sv-4..C1,Q N M55 gp Us Q ..- EQEQQH-Swwu eu .E mga: P 53 O O 00 4-1 BD -R ES3,,gi-S Swva :sw -CI 'U vf.,-..-V' bJJ..'45', 'Q--1'-as NVQ I-o-15-'Q-1+-1 i2vsaSaaE - -1 3-1 e -Hg 'O-7 Q3 wiiamwwmgiia :553s: 5 E6dg2SE5a ii 3 QE? :QM 1 'qos O4-1 O Qqgbmggmffbnfg .Eaf..S'Q,2-'::EvS',x' ,QN-n-vm 'HQNQE o'5'ndJv-5Y 3O.-1'-I5 5' 25'-4 vaio UJ:,Q .- Q-v-lm o5Eb3E4B2 Nrvom -bD5.1!,,,.D QE!!! 055701 50.3249 O cn J V1 be-v mr'dm 'O sigh' E523 ' Da m 1 -QQ 'U 'TS VJ Qoiigoag 04:0-sau-4O7'm fu- f-1 o - E EEC SUWEEQ wmidv2?s N vmi33 M839 H 55 O..3j3- , . ow S. fgwnggavgg O-C11-1.50 .-if .- EW NE Zg'3 SEQQYQSEQ 3avmn3:2mc e,, kg l w , 5 P 1 1 I. I. ,I H W N w 1 W ll ,, w 1 M N I U 'i A I , i s Q 1 A J h, , . my I 1 , K 55. 1 - gh 61? WI?-i fe -, ff 'qw ' Q N N- Q A V ' x I ' y .B Ig 3 w 'if I, 5 in , F' wav 3 f' td si if W L: fx s x'X4 . ' I 19 L Lx, ..... Al in . '. I I 1 I V . gf' iii qmhgi , N 5 W' 2 , . z ,' , A 5 L - I E Q - I I Q7 KNIF- ,J .XX QQ r L , . ' 5-Agr V - X 3 , A , f - 5 gtg ' x I iff ti Nh , LSI N ?,, ' 1 . L ,...Q.. X Q1 . E354 . V I I H . ilu R X Xl b ' 7 gg T1 i 8'ff Q R 'v ' s' 4 ' ,qN5K 1 i . , ff, M'k - 6 15 1 3' 1 . 4 ' Q' r , A ' ' ' 14' ' , r . N QQ1, t?N!y 1 1 1 A H5 - ,U s r' ' K' r Ng M + f A 454' ' , xx Y . I V ' Ly xxx YF Q xxx- E ,- a5 p-Ax , -I . 5 N ' A I 4 -4. xx N. ,3:3Fm.n.3, Swsgsgiiwf :C ,E ,QOCSO aa -CPI an C ,fbllxw 'DN I l -Q... -.-. Hp, 5w,,q'0N..: .Swag fzmwpfi vw Eaodfgggcm -6NJ.NnUEf cud 'Ea'-1 .Q Egxzuwiong : ENE3w:2, cum E -usa 'm -H2 ,Hu C 9 EDU412 .ng NJ:-ac'55'U49m Sax--igm e , Cc! ' ,U-o.......E, ,gg an 'aa 0, bn.. 004-15125. ED' 'CE O cgowgg Eg gf 'N9-30 'Dau-1 w2ag.QsaE Nana 'Gd bn'E.-C+-9g'U-C mm ,Q r .. -5 ,.. Q8vc:3Q.gv 3 +.: I-QQNNNJEO:-40 3g2EH guc3c ztu,:.Qs:u 0--gun,-5,5ommv mhnahmossnd X esgsggsggg 1-U-fmwmwn. Q0 OW?- ggsgiEO.Hg SEOQSSQQ 0353.4 O 1-1 G7 Q. HNSS'E25e3 Q,'P:05f-14-fb -.2 Qin xQHvN2EE 2 S-650 3 4-P 6 E .-CI O ..-. Ha mai 'gf 5 SI m,,goo.. Sgwuwxxggg ,gg Cr.,5?1E'-' 'at5?,,QmOv .,- G 00 '-' .:.,gp:31g D. .. 30536, 'hz 4-VU 1- O co cu H .D .2 ,gm -'U caswwziavhs aa':..i..!I.-Cicuv E06 'U .A-' ,Q-C f Q 3..g55,5 UGO Q o5O5Qn:0m'v -wg--Q.-Gu-Q . Dgssnggvgh 5Eg32oEEu5 '11-a-w 'H EEw OM? 337iNz370Um :u8uEEu533b .eg o o f te, 29 messinger st., brian, ps, 327 court st., d, george, ac, 1503 slade j, celeste, en, 154 syola n, william, hi, 1132 sht. lleq hurley, william, n, ., hyannisg ibbo n, yca dso ntervi tt ln --Q '51-23 220 o'U'5 mi ho dl ver: hr seaq hu ce e U L4 r O. vga -c E: ESE-mfg I-1 egneii Eiifgsi SEC? :-JZ'-1-4 o Eg Lf ICQ'-1 QVUQHO 2' W s-4 , r 30: :4-1..- QQ: 4:52 ,,,, avi r 52 ive vie 0955 2'cw 5- 2 gin CI C0 .. H L4 JE e, en, 10 od. cha edford: ja st., fairhave st., fall nve rle nO.-Q53 M z 32 Eg S9355 Eiwmo o.2!:3o ifi IQ FCICOSCE ivggom-nog-sq, Q-icq nc: ' msg? .pfewfvqi ECECQEQ 563003 .3 m vc.- - :NOHs5,332n 3 gm ...OC- Q rv ggaid cveuo ON .--.,, 'co VJ O , . C... 'way Nmegmpfixgz o'2 gf2wHu: 'U , 55,312-5:-4 KNO: 'Oux 0..4 N ow' nsgg rN gO.f-':m .g:'C50-c:'H:-40: . .2350-o'aC3a.a3.: rg M Z so:2g5g5:M3 .gf-.-C!-'IOQQ-eg gE2 HNSSH , 5,00-0,5 .UEEEQCO :QI-fa---an-v ESQNQW 50 , geo usggmc 'qgci-tagbnl-am '9 V',Q:0:v:u NEm ' E ang-shown 3 +-'O 0 --Q 'U C3'5'5SSm6C U. .H .2CI'J1H:Q c7':ulS'-N'.-Q3 ol' iii cn .EH a-4 ,E -'gm 'Q .SI :G-'O diw gl' O bf' -- nam 5' D4 cn xnwz oo as Q'-v 3,m ,im avg och, CIQN cv Egg! N . .CI r-1 Hg U .Q af ,do C url nfl cd 'gg4, 5, sip 6x55 NC O Q'.'11es D NNSE +3 .555 W .WS 3 'CS a-ff Q-4-1 .,.,:-4 wo at OU 5-x aiu 5-Q :Uv P 222 04-7 GJ nggx mm-'L' 36 -RH vii :nn caan gc id: '63 Omggg E f 0-7 I-4 .Z-': 'xwhgief ,Q r mm? 3 3552 Q52 .MU a.a '4' ni..-Q 1-.Cam BEE: Q- ,iinidj :Sum vo Q M 2 DD :sag ,Sas Oat!-1 P ami! N 'U3,gE 3 . ,Nw +5 'Q' cn .gm nr 5 cg Q es 00: 091043 -C7 a-1 gvga N'-:QS fl! 'UN ,Ea T5 Z4-7 .4-VSDO Civ-4 SSH Og ,Z Ev-4 o, Q ,QQ as mm ..-Q3 255 UQ sag 12.2.-. 53: omo E 52 DQS' CQ!! Hd 23 -v-U-1 :Sui 23m O ff' 'ca 35. ,gs 'Sm N .C no ,.... Q S-4 , stev lerc, bedfor lec 3 cu C Q-7 'ms -45 va . . .--.-1 ONO5 v:'U'Ui-'wg .C.'I-1...- :dh C +5 2-w NME: 9.50 2 42555 0 wg., N Pn c H0220 :CU v 023 P 25:21 99 :Sf Q24-was fblo JNL!! V1 G fall riv Il u Q... .1- 55523 wE: M ni r, ado.-.ca aifgs 5 sc 509:11 E 5 o 1923 gf omufi OD T.-C Q43 P5 GO .cm go ,iv-1 Q01 :-H-1 .D af '.-T -4-1 of Q: .33 0:5 Sag., c-- gn cd aa-4-Ph-K 523' Q . -E5 LI s: H. g.e23-a OE2:QE U-4 'Q 9 1. I , 1 se I 12,'!f ' f!I1fr-1 'U Emiwommgc :mfg qos ...Q r ,o... ba EE. H GJ 32... :S-I 2 Sv -4 -- CB .... Q ,., bu-.ow -:.'Q'C' Is: ' 'USN .-SGH U7 NES'-4 +-3-- 'Q' , mE'5', .... 9,505 n qs!-'I-U EfewJ2'w' C+: N09 09 E o DD C , cn , '06 .... Qu ax nw2'Qp Q35 E000 :-2:45 i U ..-T:-4 M'-' v Q' 'ES 221 036 - .-1 .NCEE 0:5 ON 'U 35 O Om ---Co D6gE:w3x Egwmai wiv cu - ' f:-.- , ,op 55220546-: Vw :EAmm gEi0wRz- w g.:Ep'vO H S2555 fs: o ::E::3:3uZ ..--1 M-1 G5 3225515 00 ., 'UG :-4 Pg V 1 ti' is '.1 if wkm Q Q 2.1 ' 1 N 6 W' 1. Q il 'R f 15 1? x. so X 'x 'il st is ' 1 1 1 gf .mlm-f' 4 H-fi M.. 1 no S - X WQdu.V Aiiil dv Mm ,,O,,u omg 1-1,,,+.a m,H: :mi :QSEE OQ'O5g Q :QUE N Q d Ev GJ fm E 5. FU may U olgvelra nve 4-7 4-V GJ VJ -4 4- 1-4. -1 Oo Q Sm E- p3 OE :-1. 5 GJ QU Ss -Hg N I ru as C. O .E cu is-1 Fon O52 x32 n N. Aim 'A' wg H EE age O -1 : 5 030' C2 1: QQ' .ann ml-1 +5 cn n GJ VI E 5 s U GJ ri-7 v-4 Ol if I fm 5+-VHQD4 :m 'P:: an :Ni jnigi '.9.'0-u s-1.C1911v1-1 cv3OoN ...CI-CIN ml, Q Omg,-Q 6 E co ,cvs GJ 00566. QQQ C 6313 'ai '- .Q asfgo rnQ.,.,:-1 as' E fr 0,aiE wgfggg , 'U 508:33 no 'io Uno .. ggaaanp N 3 O .D O a-1 JS HE ,H W m Egawg -'nr .3 P Q, o.g-EEE? ok w u-4 :-12:5 'U-wed 'Wasil V. AW I If ' Q fm! J',.3.oSI-'a-1 ,nnnfrcv wUEEu3:b 3nE22gHm2H f.-CZ -H-5-5 rn . CwUoQg23gE3 25 v, 3 Hn-Q SEP on -Eb.'13o 3 xg siaggdwgg Bev ,an .,.. O S-E '43 .-Q.-6:-1 gn mi' H Nr-1 1.-u 1-1 , P4 r mi 3 3:.H. .'3 omcmw Cl -1 -C7 .. .XEQE 0,05 gn agua . ADQ 'aC 3 in E 'w,v 3529 Saas QQ45, H- '-50 H Q33 saw E wg'-U Emi ga Q'5 'L' E .-CJ as -57.295 QE Q..-C o o GJ .. f 'CI -4.w,d09V7l-4 0:-1 SOITICIS QC! SD: Jw U ,Q , dia J? 'U :-1 mc so gm 3 r r 'Na-10m-' ,9z33NEnC3 E a C Q 54 SM 21 H, Sgqjma-1am , :-cv,-go cdfgbmwaaaa flu-1eBY7'.-QD4Q4O4.-Qilmu ww 1 -1' ,- 1 , 1 1 it .Q 1 Q 36 2 65, L if 1 .V Q ' , F I5,AQY Y Q EW , 1 3, K K 1 11 4 '15 U 3 surwwr EEUEZCQSHS Eaccoohggm 4-1 'f.-Q 1-15-1,2 vows mgogr CD LO 3 gmrgv vgghcd Q-Q1 3 .-4 ,dis m .-G,-gznm,: 3Wgmg . as NJ 125 -1-1.-C1 W :OCC . to . 0-Foam -2 .-C CI U Np,C'.-... P ,QGJW Fung .H 1-4 0 .cap .,'CI wgic CIUOM HMQB o . HHS-1.3 u -woo '34-1 .... Q Qiigsgfs ' 1-uOQlOO ,. f -4-Y dw J 66 m gakfiaawgg Q3 .- .: 1352251232 .,....5' 'U C'C.-,.. 6 ' 3O?3 aging GJ-1.-1 GJ ii HPHHH-4 FQ 5 5588283333: EEEEEggwggi C194-CP.-Q.-Qzlzznivzvw-1 ,ar nn.,.,v... 'U' ' -ECHO 53335: Sm: ggmuzsigdgi aa, 5-12091 .-CI H .D Gavin 'OVC ,.,1D--'sw GS,,.,:u'-1-4 Oogiig U .rw N2v5PE22g 0 'H E3 wwf dag Q- 1-1H3,o D40 gg N.v2E5Es C ,Q-1 0 . 033, WS :Eh vc 3 FE W,Q6UO3w E Jin-Onxo www f-4 v S53- 0 QF .QQEE3 E ' 5':,'q420m.qg Of,-:MQ CHS-A-'P ,Qin-E vf +5 V' 0rx.1m,,7O,64-f 1:,,N ' Eamvddm C39 --QQ gwoiemo M H Qhasam Hiwgmfi gnome EHSD o c'33'2d Q . QaaEiE:3UHg :CH 4: .. xmrg ,. H0 Zzgbq wnag 338w I'1V O s-4 -J' A QQZQQBTQ 5 was 'Cid' 5EEEw3HH.s u ., H gn ggagagi M m M oggg Egan .CI ru 'pg Ev 5 -139 C B f O -'L Bgr3OmHmEEg H -on Ul0 C5 cd O... wgwggzhcngu Sw 055,52 3NW8. - 35f'EiSJ i3am,x55Sgm Sz HOEREU E w Q 'S QE .EG Hag 45 O th U71-N , aa. . pg wax J Eagan af 'nm-.ct 090 Ewdq-'Em Qfgfcz :LO--f wg: 'Q as . --. :-1 E Zo 2 51.5 EEE of 'f 16 . 2Eg2g'H Bw I11 r .-:Q -4.10 Q 52222226022 a-du 3 1-1 1-U5-Q SI 301.1-. ,645 3 335 QSSQ 11 . J3HEgEgEg5 .... ...C ff, s-1.51:-1,q,pE -19.49, Ui agen' rn? 5 cucucu 52? ntsggq . So? H bmw: ON --1 .N ODE O :-1 5 8 , nques, S1 no owv :-1 . , :,gnm x U Ngmagggg 51 O :-1 94 0 Q5 KU M 3 wH', 3 o E og O 'GS T cl' gn 4-WCW 54 V7' N 9,2 apH5QEEEHE Q .WOO 3 vw-x5Ww 35' . WHEEQSSD-5 C ,eb -1. 629505 H .gE,Q,ew E fd 9.9 coO ' 4:6i,22EGw 1Pgvxn,:2 0 dmrnovh 33m .... QOO:-1 f cuff' QC0,,.,l-43-4oO.,.p2E' CHN. QEW 3 N 'Un df2aEB3E5N5 0 -o dmwv -19,4 Q . M 595 wCgpU3.E-.Q Qv'Q2d E322n:3wanB 1 . - AEE If af' 'J F QQ' lx Q 1 1, ,.. G I l A 54 1. ,M x . X' Q. 4-mfg 655353556 00 C1 33?sm3M33 C635 .bdqfab-H Sedfowmei wggigixaw 1,.,w-1 ,Q Bm.. . ,xezzwd--N - .- Q,,:,oa 333509 O Esvwwigvz -: 220vmfQ D45i:4CU -E45 as-1 +-vu-U., r . QUSBOEIHQQE H W 3:3 1-4lNo5F4d' GJ Nw.n xi E P 3 03,3312 GN ,qu-4 I-4 a, ep hn, hx, an, mg v-1,, C5 Esiuagv :-1p,u+5,'9 .- E 'OJ 5 o E C cd c a 4-7 5-I o : .- 6 3-4 l-I U .1-13.4 3asgi vnmmg ihw C5 lf u c 'vH2vwg3 H HW um rob ordg bed e, w D31 ma I?-1 CIS, no ns f t 1 Ea oogoz HE E ri gg QU 3 CIW Q' iinaaxog 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I, 1 1 11 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 X Qfxx ienffn ft .N ' ICICI ' ' Eidmgewwwgs G: Q OPQJQ cdwqgi-4:-4 , f '11 32,5 UDDDQ :'43'E'n.2gQmlNgv32 0.-C .QQ gg ,-30 wrs-4 4'-746+-7 c CU E -5 C0 on ZF' CIS..-1,39 Q9owC.'--30:-4...7 on :Ninn-C -:5 Emigg 3.605 EP: 3516522 f 5 0q'mN::'SE.. 03UFmwNUU:E CJ vr 'oa.w ' ,Q v-1 Jigga E f b0 :Q had-W5 ,QSEQ-59,039 3.2 +1 94-4 me 18 Q ,5gN,g Q - . 1-4 . m-G:-.oemig as -U 'NUC' Ugg 'CW-4 Nor: -,gg 5: 'O s:22:M aging W E 2 o C 4-1 HQ C .r - s 5, ,.,N 666565835 E HS-1 ammgd -13 a82SUErv'dOO In ad O 5blJ,., 3EEE25NggzoH -nncnuimwvwm GJ +A 4-'I 0 , Q fl few 'AY . f W-.P ,ff 1 N-em, f x - fx N EK I1 Q: x V .. Q x , 5 W 3 y w I ' 5 5. 1 X A' , V ,L U N' IlEg!llunl!lQ N4 Y K I Y M Q V V 'fXI 5 N 1 '! 4 M N e ' - M Yar 'SQ A' 1 Q 1 Q' I ' 'AA '! 3LiL -1 1' ,, 4 . in , x F sf w S AI Q r , V 'x f m gg ..f ,. Q 'J X '., Z.. crvzzggggrm :::'vm5E-E- i6':55- gaasecagrii Ee: QQOQEBE OEEESSE 2 f2O52gEm 3:0 Q53 :cr d,Ef6gf,,, :3OO3h.w:2e HG: wcm wav r25?Ew::a2 'g'DNko 5o'Q'EO Q gag' EES:-4 'U -822655 3' Oo www ado .igvw v 5 ,E 13552 Ubmw-ES ENE CQb0G3x W do -gvuiw G m,5QP Hmm :E5Eovg 1-al' ,Q'g 5:5-1550 ,AD was-45 QJXCL 205- +-'I-1,-, o E,goE 'H ooo 'Q :vo ,go wiv.-.gn 5'a5S?HJ53J vfi iii mD5 3QE56f3 'gg:SmEwS.2 Hr vga Sgn UE,B.8m Q 0635? S63 mga 3.Uwvad Egwog , , 3-'WEE ae 552 Q:gi.5w H235 EE gi Szxqggg: ogg 2:95 Oo, ga.:-w.E,, -aa '.,...-1 ge 0 N --1 ..-4 I0 C .-4-U-r gwisssffnae EAi'eEO 652 53323 2 :U EEQQBJ 5 3 SE, n,z nw WHNQ ,Q C 034453-450 Q4-1' H as'-'a-Q Q f Nm Q 'V----m0-can cut: rd-9,2 Em -.-.W,,:,:-O :Qian a QQE ee: ea Jigs Fmgm 5 Q - :-4 '5 ,, ,Qug?5 OHEQ gud Hzewvx, wx, og. MWC:-.C --,F .C QE :-4:-. N 0 ,E UMD ua, bn-3 ,f g.. Q, 5,, .rd 50 .Q 0 vs:'HN Nc? 'o p'OuUE0 H005 Hina g 'QF' -C -' ,,,, ' H :-4 ,.,,.,Urn'...-. ow a Q oog wan mg :N Q Quoo Q u-ua-a,,,,,, ....,.. aah, Hu-4 cd H5 55,9 'U aww, CS -4-1 .9 O .C'...--5 :-,,cs5 :-1 Www ..., .Cmo.aN U Lou-1, as-5-5 'EW : . gddsg Wdo Nv:GgdQggaN Uowogmopwm EEQ-1u,m'EUEEEC. Eagan-m'U's-4:'CE ENNEa-RUSS.-QD K I u 1 L 15 y 4 Wlfx 9 if X- .li X 5 I f-elif Nfiif Qi 52 if-' EE 'coco o'cs- -5E'J3'NQ o. Sw R F:--c'Uv Q3 'Ovid -' ess W3 O EEHO .. .lx ,O 3-UO '4-VCO: 5-4 Sfgigf .U g58Qf'3 ,2geE 2 ' :-4f'U Hgvirxw ,C ..-..... , ..CIo.f3 V' -' GSC-' ..-4 sgesgo 5.522 'Z'-917-So G, 455159.-. 3 'U :BEE ... 43 , H L02 -dun: 20 'SCJ G5 vggig M .ECON O OE3 yy as -U U, . Q V, QE ' 'Gig' 3 ggevsga 5 .-,504-w7' WaSSEgO V1.5 m v-4 LD P. .-1 F-120 ,Q 22:-fmiimm-FDHQ, 1 45 N NMH w ,Qo:SO3C'7 Q --'5,,, , 3 ua QQ,-4 :N rv-4 I fm En3EmH3v232 2 :de 'SC-4 ,., ,eww 05 E?-:adam-4P1 Si 'UCEL-4 , 'peg VJ .r 1-4guE,oL: O ,s-,, 'w 90033 mea? '.. '.Q 9-I D ..- L4 , f len st., 0, 185 cra stephen tmguth new rd rd. -4 -A G ' . -4 N Q- ,,,+5 ' fcwS c7z2 ECTS Q-Q 'U WCG! Quia was W m EESEEN f' 'Xxx-A ,Q-.Y 1 lc r' if A , JV - MC, f , 'f xx ZJJCJEP wgwmfjcngg ,cu.:c2ea'C as-4 my dwwomwi V10 Q Odfif-3 cWmU'55 sfwfmwa VP U Q, wi ocfdx .gm w H, Oc: 2 c .,5 . Wrnldg O rnciigi rn 'L' ,Q-'O :Bog ,.: mbmqg -ei ,Cog Qoascwz :-4 Q 'H ,. '4-K 3 :gcc sm H as 'UEJH L4 0.0 I ca 0 vm-1 E-I .Zn -1 DJJ 2 :S Q3 age ,EQTJQEE 7, 42320 Sh:-1 V7 C Eg 5 GJ E'Qc 6 0:6 'Una-a Q :- ,gd VJ.-Q G DY-. dave, ee, h QS' ..- :: E 5 G5 :ES OE 2 an 5.2 c:.2 5-4 5-TP I-:SO ,2....., u'M GS 3,0 ada Ch f 40 f zn QQ S 5-4 42554 Q3 Env an .3 , ff ..:w.sE 4'f Cm -1 3.404 VI mv-NN 5 ,M4 , X N , , 4 I '11 xx. ,H A , i'Y rf E 5 ay Q Q 1 Q l ,i 5 RFQ -x. Qqii Nix I g f , I J -W W. Q nj X v g-. -.v ,Q 5- ,..r mv.. ?' Q Arfx' mm '45 kv. mm +7 ,i n fax 2 1 Q h X M l lv R E . i s 1 ,J aN :wbf'H' :w8EvCm33E2 +'oo+-uu'-'C'- ,JI o 3 imQSefSWi W WU ESE? Q3 uw ODS 4-w ww-cm :J if E C H.-QLOr-tpc,-I 90019 by Ecu Ecggm G ..-1 I-I Qian'-1 f U ,rE. U.-D Co ' M :CUom87S wo Q cgn C J.,., m'Qgo-'SCN . EHSESE 2. fdvgcoggomn ,738 Eg Qscuig C .go ,'U'U ,., , P-cu U 'U 63' EQ E d5vUEU H :IVE 3-in nga O O0 , I-4 O mm,Q.O' Sinead SEE 5 ' 'J ..-. ' fO3gm3E3 'Vfc w m Qc: EE .5-'www .--'55 gU:fD333Hia cn QQ., 353535 CQ 5:-SQ somerset: Q F1 -4-:vv'4vgQO I0 'U O CI N an-Alb gn .-'Q.,.,,-1 '- OSH . m E QE:-8'4 N r-1 dem al' shandler, rich Ei 5.12 Smgz -u. ug L4 :ci wgzg 5E,h Enqw .-4 m 5535 C'-o EIE5 -5,3120 wa Q .-OCD f C3-4-N071 oama Zig? noni ,f2'5v'CI5:-1 52 an Q5 ra Sm gm .-CI . Wo QSQ, o N, 'CS PM iD 1-4 w ,cu o QE S 6: RE Em O CO5 b 6 .-C1 N52 2 H. 4-1 td +3 :-4 0 .D O J-4 ei .... D l11 ... rn QU 3 Eu.. N .,-4 P C1 Sm 6 H o V4 u GJ n 'U ...Na OT! 5-4 23 513 no rn.-D CD C. +5 m Hu .QP m I-1 Ea Cu-4 v F45 4-vm m QQ QQ -4-: DD 3 Em 5. ,mp 3E 3-T Q.. ..., ,,,gw,,,.... msEg2H3S: ??CImg ' '55 gg 6 3500 -Hf2EEEmm Tv5'H'f2Q'l,zda-4--P-4 Hu-4 :VCU CVJP fig!-4? I ,301-a.C1 OE +-v - ,.4 +0 .Q-4 . mai -5 4-wg-1 335 5 a Q3 E32 mtvgn We ,Q SHPCIB,-,FSE cn: O -4 -4-1 qg CD -6+-,O f ,QQ-40 no fab 'Q 0 03+-vw-wma? Saw Neeggamw U ua gg uf Ou-4 ' O5 rl!! bgj,-C N03 I-4 'Q-f ,mm 'td no fo: H ---'-103' gmswgzsug an O.,.4 v..- WH IN dv-G we ff.. cpm EQESW :Gm0'Np E 2 5 259 .- O qg EEO 'gina 5 '. IAQ-1,2 oo -54 .sfm EBEESE 3 ' 04.30 3 Hg J :-43?-E . 'Era gdwop H BNNQS .,-15,40-4 H v-QN .p ... Q ,omv,:0P SSEH 0+.1'o-Q'-ic: N O o 0 vi va.-Dm:-QZSI1'-40CLm:nC 3 I I 5 'CDb5 QS.I.-C muaa2g:2wwg IIOWQQ a-4,.QC'5w 3:33 ,mp . mg-cgaugg guiung um., E Ea guavf 'Cl 'D :: rn 45+-1.5.-1' nD3w 3wHm 2 o 7-4 -I-1 G -.-.. ,gas 4-5.-I wow EOL-4 .QQEDE O63 'D Dr g,wn6nEgs H -5 .- m2E?5eci ::'4 bD-v-.S 2 Mf'a SE 553' GOO'-'qw Ql v'4q1 o gf' -., ' m Qvvu-ESDNEQ .gi-41.422,-Q qs- ' igiiwmumqxi ,,,- 0-aq.,u-4 .amd o5zdcv2,., 'Egg ww 11 0-7 he Zgwg n wi Mm .,g..5,ffT-255483 A5 'Q Q P 'M 'U 2wgogS3E,3CO moivlpwpvhzi EQHC,gw::2og h0R3EwUm3 Sw uz,DQ-4+-w-4oa23mam'CI ...,........ .C 5EEESEiNw QQONPOQUH :-4--- -1-4 'QQ-ua-4m,,po-egg OSEC-E Q. Ennggngeo HS? 3.2 fwogfwv 'UCC C15 H o so, 36 ev Qt '4-7 iw ,., ffm:-1 fo Eiiggdm am 4 NO xag swgai g2HnMxNu a-afgldcog Q ,S be alfa gag? 54 .A 0 Pu,-no OCDNSQ, 'ukf' . 5ii.f52Qn Eomggpgbg o w1fHSo ,UUNQQQN vw SQQNE oo GP .fi ' apt. 3 00:5 . Q.wQ mg 'wvdggc Q w H 532Ew5NS aahaam5EJ W I0 Vid-74-74-7-0- l'4-4 V7 ,VJ O5 On J 0 C, enen, donald ..- H -1 R 54 O U-1 QE Pa 5 B GJ M: '- 543 4-'PVD ws-4 g? Q3 So QM 4-PFI xo 'GN 6 5 I 3:v:wrr'5 Qaiasaagn ima H E. Mimgzm fg ga.a 'Ocv '-.E :E 53255. -I-1 om wma, Pr fQ3m H383 op '-'UIQ -HQ, Hwimmmgng gYErgsei' 31.5-'JN0 .50 -.QSSGQUQ C--1 No.-C-'Cd . vsinu - Gu :H sEN0gSi5:i 3wEEEngH3' Er2OS.IOu :.-gs-4+-5 EEQEEHQSW f ,,D,,Q .900 4-V., 'F' 3-4 QUSQSEQQEZ 58.9-1'9 N.,-4 2.6 521.5 E.: Hgmw 'H 3 f-1 T: :Nw Eggigiiamm 5.. - -gmifo V' ' U-4-vb 51 v-Qr, 0490! Ng:::55U: r Evuaamuiui' OG .55 Q-u 020 -.,.,Q bo 'U f5UOg5Q4 ,EEl0,,4 06,556 fa-7 v-solo f-Qmiblie-1EitQ!i'qg a do v-nfl! mv I-1 52363 svn DD QOWO 5 07,01 'C to :3w222S SQQ HEL:-G' 'go 'f?jgf.FEgf.oa ' Na. god-,494-vp5.:Z:.' 5Hu UEi0C.v -vvd' mvwm ... 5, :.0 ' Q0 Qf:H2ZE --' gQwgCm,6Q3d .-S56 Hg? '-binllialllxoow www P SQ: C CI om m v-1' 91.-.a-T .r 'GDN asf E N E m EEEEEAEOJP 5 5 n QWJUS . -'a-4 w,5P an 2523 -kwa: 'OUNNW P-cu'C5a.a magic Q-as UHHPP' : 5 2903255 Onan aiggaigaiifi -25.-Qu-eu 811'-4-1? 04455 -1 . rf ii- .2 'A-s .5 1152. 1' iv, 4 .11 5. . 'V I dford, be DEW Sf 9 stephen nthia, 1 CV viera, colony ave., 127 old san, ent, su FIC ,vi C as C - . . .25 EE ON '53 asf C SE N 31: 5 GD EE N UB CU 'E -Sm QC 3. ...IZ KU Whe- 'GJ ESE 33 wo Em mLO Q2 P N 4-I '4- O 5. U C IU .D LD Q CN! vw CU E O .C o-v w. o L' To 3 E 0 1 Sl SI. CU 610 69 I hn ding, mn. Walsh, jo F83 C C 01 B 'Tx I X X ,'X X A . Tb- g.'ZE!1'G7f6C'vIv?'7a-7 rilfhgmigif Eng gfggmlggeega BUWEOE cb-rv 'C -.4 '52-2-9-9 5 5c 2'5gE'5 orr -Hm-9942555 gwwmmf mm'-' -'not9'E- P ' .. C m W Q QEELO WQWW7. L5-gc 5.51-UCNm7g,':'r'2m -E05--E O m Cao 2:-,wU- Uawoww .vm w8m6Eg3omgS Zh' QQ mg' C - 'r - ' an : -ri .aa - .5 .fsaagg-:QTESEE 3:22222 -50 Ewgwwm Ogwg C-g:2' Wu: C 3Eumg+ C ow ox: U 4-I GJ Q3-UU PLOQ. CD 3.Ef5 ECCO Eusgwo :CV C3'Uo8q. 5-Q UT,CgD55Q -2.1C. N-' LO '.'UC0- L-C-O' Q'Ow 1-:CPm '-5 ry.. gg.'2ru ZZ -9:1155 N-'lcv 'U'g,f2g+5+-C gb-:C -' -' 4-' N336 '-'Eo0'Q'- S2 C-TX-- 'O E -CO3 .C ' 'm C5 ' cn 'y--L zigzag g ,2'CDPOO. wmuggq-,Q 'Teenie Og Oren P200 --DCDCQ ONE-5 'gmugf-'CCWO S U2 .C ru-- G1- '.!-'riff' :gl-5 - 'Q','o'.2i3N ,CSD .-.mE,..,,,,cg,-U-,nn .-Q -qpmlx 3233 52 m'5 'cuCg E 20,25- --m...q, Q, , hxn ' ogaw- . L-CCC L'j,, C-DO o-4 - - N . - - . - cu--cu 2225 E3-:E'.2.2mrx3.cE.Q 39-3-'Bova x 6 Q . I i L' 'ai 'fr .0 xxx X1 'S 1 ,ll V. bo har gue 93 UCI Sq 20 r chard, vvork, 177 r chard, onne, zerb met, bo., C8t8U fU 'C C5 E ci C 4-v ua CD O QE 'U x. O '+- 'D G2 .Q 5 ua C .J cn C CD E E 3 O Q. 'U L O 'O- 'D G9 .Q 3 an C A-f W .E vo- wo- O U Q V C0 inchester, W SI I' ainslee, 5 gov erno edwards, en., -1 Sf ockland 1' 79 1 ura, so., ferreira, Ia somerset, r chard, 920 brayton ave., uska, gal L. OJ .2 C CU '4- oi an C 2 To T L0 -C. fu C O .Q CD 'U C. O 4-f 3 C5 E e St. ulombe CO vvorth, caro yn, 48 U9 en., lo north 479 5, fe dola paul, en., acush net, mark, pereira , td. st., fall river undervvood C D. L GJ D 'C CU vo- J un C .Q .2 Z 'U LD T .5 o C fu X- 53 'E 'E O 'Z 54' S- -8 ru -Q E 3 25 on m C E f N H ... ID 'E .E O .Q E 9 Eg .. 'm .2 PD 4-1 cog 9 ' , O S.: 5 Jig P Vi: ' is 55 If S I-C .2 gil an of U5 6 .Q Q. E C5 U 1- LO F C. 2 E S .C Q C 5 E 25 2 x. W .C U north 1 10 dford, so., stafford, glen, be DEW 111 charlene, man , S UTY., DIOFI, U I3 -1 walker st eson, h tC TTT! 39.1 merset, S0 ave., el' th 2 C as tr, attapouse IT! urch ch 28 SI. ha, YS YT13 elho, CO TEH, ka rnedeira, FI be F0 tnns, al' fn E5 P C5 'O CD 3 UI CU E 4-' va C N 5 nn CD C ,- 5 ru .C .2 E 3 E O U5 'O I- O '4- 'U GJ .O 5 as C 4-3 Eh a-J C O C wb .C 4-1 x. O C LO O LD -6 C ru E X- O C if mi- 64 C E.: 1-4 CO2 H-.Q .Cr- Q-'L 1555 CE th :Z L0 o -LD o.. .EJ -L mo 'oo C5 -'E 9.9 EE .Q .rg iw ac x. O 4-I GJ .Q F3 5 'D CD C GJ E 'C To N- H V, P A-I x. CJ :E C0 C0 QT obert, s,r FT! Ina 2 -5 C CU .E Ch CU 3 on .C 0-I 55 E ,. V 7 X! 'Q S 3 E .2 nn .E Ta u 6 CD 'D L o V- 'o OJ .o 2 GJ C 4-J cn CD U3 C5 e-f a-1 O U 1 HS colli ham, as fra 'I W8St rd SBSIOD f., 32 Ye '19 wood I'10I' rd., ., allen miah, sr ie 'O C O ms o E 2 E cu .C .9 E QD cv 'O C as N cv I E :- CU DI th C C on O CD .Q 3 Q p C on .Q O OJ .Q C CD .C U an I DI U7 x. C .-, -6 C CU C C G9 III C ..C O 1 P- an C L an 54 C GJ CD C QI U C CU .C .2 D: 52 4 as CD .C C 'O G X. CD D E 7 cu CC O-' UJ O-' fi U-v- 1- O7 CN! iz Om DSO I-UZ DJLU ZN u.luJ III O u.1 DCE 6 2 75I State Rd. RD, L., HA RIC EN 1 Somerset 1 11 D., Q O LD Li-Q I- D CJ KI. 5 44 E4 .N4 O5 i4 5 Z II l CN To LL O 4-1 .C U7 3 O L 0-I CO 0-' VJ. ,ga-7 gm 25 u.4 E u. gm Q. 53 13 0- J. AGNAN AJIVI IVI cushnet A Roosevelt St Sm C -O2 o 'U L O W- 'O OJ M CD N .d 4 N -5 Z Z5 u.O NNu. uJ EF NI- D- CD N ii u iv D R HE S S- nkr 4I Jullie E x 4 5? Ed ru P E 4 D 54 W4 I ES 'U c 4 I.. tim CC- E 4 YU C 4- M 3 cv Z N 6 b DJ .C O C GJ C LL i N U m o m 6 3 Z m J J 4 Z. E 5 ru O 6 Z 4-5 CD N N GJ N Tu L N N N N N N U7 as E N I n 1. N N N L N N N N N N N N N N N N N N :vm '-'oomq-N :: ' g'g.+-'1Nr N:..cgLn' :'1-Ln'e:- Cj? TOj'1- 'g..CFCQf, CmXZQ0-mmme a4Wg O u3oI44OUUHw- mPCHZow4m -m Vw-WN4E HH 6 ggocnfu- Nmwf:d::4g2cn5D:ggN0 Nmmmgmibggggwgm .-.-QNLLN-.A+ Zggzmug Nn.22wc2SrE22ENZN 5. 'rpNQ..' : 'N T2 N ,N: N, N 7 N'N N- N E4Q6EU:m.5xzmof.g5Nig146EE3g3gO3:QEg25i.gfQowN Jdqr3,32mwg?Dm m 5-mm-NW Q3E412wzw5mdE5:Emo8gWwPm23 Uwgm ZED Jpgmggzmir JD N , - Nm. , - N IgOg32mEE:-WEEJNFQS vZ45Q:EEwZ2Wd ,gdIPo,5rmgEEf4POE 38?7PmEO LO 1 c.a:D OO-- O -1- wmO0OLU --to -+-90m YT -mo LILLY-gg frm NC 4LUECDm'5 .l'4-42 7' . mg 3z:OgmmmIqg5E3!9g-5wg1lZQ:5:NZypO 4EUmg QP mgpQ:ZgJmg-qQ52m N N L- - fOwN :ww N I I.: o m -4 ' Q wp --' N m. T Z 5 weig-EIEEQIfs2352mIw'5Ig5aw3-Q-E3ZES353m-2O5gEI8:5Oaigefeffql- N N VJQQO 11.--'CQNUJ Oxg T072 NU N - I-oo-'gf-D ,CQJQN O l-p- 5 N O , O 34-7 'H Omcgm ON: Vw -io ON IwUw'C3wP W 4wH mE53OF3 mo' on 'J4wN wto Qik-NDNQ 'H Lo NQN Nu-INNCZ.Cg :EN :C N Cn- 'N . Nomw-N - Q U.luJ,N,'ff5 . ie? Eimbmeediggisegiggi 235-2133358525-5Nf3gEg'3E2Z22513253305 II-34-I L. -N-Qgzm 'X - 7-C Cm N NN F '-:O N - N ,-,N:L.P cn... O.-C 9 :w24Ess1gNidsegegggfiwvgi gg5?25N2w2E.m9E - Nigazq-i2dE2fw33 md-55 Dir:-UQZEN 4HwNO3 Ogodm WWNEPENSG -Pods: Z 34330-Q5::' -oo- ww-ml. --wc +wCWFm Z 4h : -m HJ ow G.W:I C -Que a262'32:2lIN-JEIS-455820rm-giwe-2 1-me-woiwg-uxzv tmdwifoggimm L' 4-1 4' ' '-x. .- T I l Z ' 5- '.. I 23gm5g5I55J2w32e522-625g?Te52geEm5-Gggimifg Ggmifsimgioeagmgsg :bpm 04-5 WEE2Mm4555Ew :1!E-S BS: Ei2W:wImZi23Q:3-3k45:S3 33'4 ou-QW 'g -wmH '5 Om- -1ZZ'J-,Q,'-U 'WHv?co 'fU.N n.0Cx-:NU-1 CCu.w fJZO:+-1313-.oC!J+-'kmcgc Q -G! :WQDQQEEFP o.om.m O46 mg 4mmI wxwk. O aww W on WSZ-wo 4-1 N.C LJNN41: wwCI Lu'-Z..-o-tw-U, -4.1 LULINNE U13 7-itg,.,i..cDfx. E qw-vm .J in-4-I Tb .CCM 343:OZQESQQQQN:4!EmBE?5oEI2m:gEJQS415m2oqZEJ-g3355E4:E3Eu5g358 Zwiomwohmmmmmm4wimomm4ommowo44zmwwJmm3moPmmww-P3I4O3Im?zmomEmy m5gg3mfi:5rmhM3:5:g3g:::5mr5gggr55:53m:m:Zi:g2435r3Egvmy:ip:mC::Q:::6 ggwgwqmmlgfmggfgigg3525g3JgmmQgfmm3gggo:3gP58:m5E3gEES2gEmPE5E52mQfq4 .NPO -fUC:- 'O L ,Nm-C O .17 D- -' FJ? - 2-50 :-: .: E.. r'UZ 65935'4g3E3DS6gd3ON5m2?U8 E55:8I5?Eiw4J0E5P5BJgaSfmt8f'ESfE38I22m5OS emx Z -EU: Nw mccm wm.l:r,,,m00 C5-'5mg,'5 a.5Ew.N,'- -LU - ,og,. jp OCD : NDNNN-+-.-,xmw.L -Eur- O QLD -13 -0-Q LUW- 2 N Cngmo' ' Luv:-5. Fmw- 'C '--gm Q' -' 'P' mo-DCDLQNQN Ngfqmw +'Dm-P m: O'2C-:mm-O 4 :4mPU 'DU-mrN! W3ZUONOOmgwm N7 H: W Nrhm E UH JI pmmlw mm- C-M? W-Zmlw m-EQ'QOZZuQ ' UU N 1mwN-M N ol IIN UCD N ' O--gU.g3Zmu-7 NE-NENLLI Q3 Nm -Emmb Z Z U3 DUN Zg TCC - !ILu O - 7 Z .,ZfI mmm 'U-'qc TLLO QQLLIUJ --In ' -oo N l-O 'fu ' 1-LU ' 4 DNP' CD WZ: LU 'ffm 'UCDEEWW L9- Q ..LQqf-E24-I N200-P .N,,,,g QI- N .NZD-Z5 J5+N:U., NCQ Ng..ZQo.gq N-Lum 4 U-IELUCL .U- mm NNQQLE 2 t mWhWHwQmN '2w5EgmQN 4 N No W 'N1I Zumc 45 i6 NJ-m Q -Z jq NPlq.: 5f:J4I2Sw2NOL4fEO1m!W-23UOdEwUMZ5WwPPgED-w5NjDJ.m3ZZ4uuo-5- 427226555 ggmmil EEOFWSWE-EmOwJg wOE4ZE Z'ZmO4O -P93-i2f341 5gEWg5Wm5gPE3-O5g3m 5 55-.1iQ52m osossif-fifuf 2225 292265-255 Zviwifewwm 5 Q- is Ehsif .-0400-5 2-uzumoge N55jP2Iw44WJiaU:iwW3EB5 godncz O25-c C:5f544Pmv-:- N-1 am 'N O m0-.. CDN -N 0703 3 U34 -CC Ocuwcn --J 'aogomori QNCDQG3 Wai?-G N2f2ElgN-N-m8w555W E 5-2- Elie amlf3b2Cfw1iel6zw6 ' E655 2-ll -l.. w 7 N24 .L 7 ' 7 ' -U ...J N.: Nu: To-: --f N020-JE 730, cum N'-j I- 'NgnZ.E 'm -..L .Nm 3 N :61g??42QNE.aow5?fd2,2mg5E:5w aug.gfezfggwgwgggzw-M5320.amS3zg3ig2552 C240 Q' : N' Nb- S-52050590-H:wN.qj QD C - NZ :QQ 54' .g .+:ZLu N r :U-'qw - N'-'W 7 y3E:,0-- - J U--gg NE-Q .LuDI4g,, J-, O50 NQ -48032 -C 40,-DCIJN, 741,51 .-0 -,.l mu WEEK m I Jfgy- :I4OogrJ'JZDl.LL--: gg-J-ILT: Nmap-553 .QNEQQ NIIEZ-to mwgi-.EQUNNNEQQIX .I N 535: N NO C- -- N N 020 q85Owy -Omgmgg-mWW2QIg3352w EOQC8mJg6ECm,5m33 CgZE3EE2-BO??32E5S3Sgg5 E QNE-E33 5 E522 sfiimi HNDEQQ 52EZZwogOw153O'3 222 gavmmmgz 2358! LQ Z ' N: --I -N.N-- .- N - - ,. ,E ct - N r ffm N ,Q F44-23:44UOm5rWWZOZ32og 4-g3O333m4494om5E3rwgmmfJZ0paUSErwwE9443gOm3w Q-EE44Ot-222411.05-,EEu.1wuJz:on.cnwu.wQl-.-Eimm-Zinnncnimn..-u.n.cn?ErIOEIcncnCCuaOOcLn.n.mcncnl-cnnim-N 'LZ T '!.DlNI'?? '?ClJEL0'TN g?T?'UwT'C 'U 'I?'gg '770101 CNlT0 J? I'?7? '?bNQ' CNW c Nz ro Q -2 o4wz - z zoQN9zw O : zz N 4W wwo 8W'5f2g9No?I4wEj2,o5oo!2225223fofowo2o.SEWWEE5559ioof?PF12f?3ff41wE2E E-Em. :rOZ'I QPPPOUQ - -.4WyWNEU5a .rrNN :CN-Phwm-w -N4.z4O Nmw. zga-5fE4mg3go5Ng5.ggzgrfor3Eqggidgegagwgasaggge21k5g,g8g5E50ggE3agg4: H' - - '- -N UJ. : - O :C - hm +-3 L... 7-Q 'm - -VJ 100230 ' Z l-D:..I9 mE 'N NZ!!-Qw g CUJCONCQ-I+-'KN CU 'UJ 4 DLLIQ- -IQ-No CN ' q,O.Ql.l-QJENNZLUKDO CDL lc LU.. ,Z -og E- -gfflmmm,-SZ X Z N4-Ng D:O -4-mgmo p as Q F- ,N .-LU ,NWN In. M3 25. I-'P as O -33 O Q3 ,N.ILuLu-1 mC ,N..lP--5- of, 432539-wgg?g5Sgf'EE5IU55SNm35Sw52f52222g2S588g3v25E555J5E4EiigglsagN5 gp F N LD .QD Q DUJD- Fm ef,NfDmU IN II'-.NLU . rj 5791 -1-J :Lu N -o-'mcg -6 -LL I-4 UQJNO-iOOND,- Omg In Q- cNmN -Om g-H- O F NrJ Jm.0JmD 'I NP. Nxr - m N N 4wO1Q ,, 'NNN - HWw :FN mv I NNNm Wgro N 2EQEwddU35gE5205-129-gfslfgmggfiiiiisgilgzgweigmggis5g,sE:5QJ2s552Egi cmgmwNmfNs--Q4 19Hfs2Omwvw MN -22sN::: - Nw!-f I nm- 2920 ONSES wo 'Som 'UD 'Om u- -CD Oo.,-,vi U- OLLI -F. N-f.- E '--44 ry. 'IJ -1 4552 N.: va -.-rv N Zvv 'T 542 ' Ol-1. Cm , IUDOCC-,VJ , C51 UD 3 'bm-C 'Og UD ' DLI, 4C4-'IDU-,EE Coq-Ou-IC-C N xo OOO:-ou.4LL Ofnqig- GI--0 N..,,,.c NH : Niwl-O20 gogr OOM.:-wOfrNN3,N,N4-lmsmur-1 O r--,Q ang? .N-5:1-4 N dE5gfE5?EE5rig.ixigig3w545ggI2gi2qw5Qmjj2gfgggi?uiglqgiwaf:E'mg25Nd5g NN:OmOQm2:U 59:13 qEC'I uE0lNdQNiEOM'WwqEM Jrrgoumlr NZD.-QN PNNQ N -4- NN-D ml-C30-1 mga N 'Um'-U -mg -4.3P:- V, Y-JU 54 --NNa.mgcnw . OJCLU FUEZJUOOUJQ Zo-J VJCDLUCDZ :D Sm I .LQQAUSLULL-N241 - NI....! O: t4 LL-Y .N-:bo NQE WC . - - N N . - -N N 4m Om-m4u0mw54QO oN::zUmoi0uP21 g6gCCmNI1m4o -Y-wo H,1ggEw4m1r- 4, 204 P55109 Z goeqieggrr Sg IP -for-so zbgw2m5EHI1S5'J :' u--Omummwgw 4-3 N N - N- N N Q NCD 'O C .-f- -N L ZZ - Egzgzoiiggiifmiadaififwrgeiiizug5gg3338dsPSwfQ2sQES4D53Eeg532w2gN:gS5 jwgswsi QEQQQNME25E23'3mgQ5E33EmNg'ii772255555.QQQZSREEQOEESESQE N006 30446.29-Oo. ,.:CC'o,J-E- :::.. o L:Y':Q7 N ZLfuf ' Egg' -d cu cu::C 'U --.EBO T34'3 LmooimSimms?-Jo4w5wE502mIS5mImom354QmP-Himm583mfES3om85524JmBmgiooigm Wdi-EfEdN2E3w,u3' 556J65:2mdS3Q:CmM6775mmd5:7:NiOOw7mNd5::'P32fJ55gH2 mowioggmfiggpnggiigfzqgjfgggmggiigm253gWQg4f52NEQo5mggElEG5Egmmgwfgmd ' - H ' ' H - U '- N F' 7 : ' : - : - : ' N 4E:UEUmNg ENNT NE2PgEgg5-E735 EL dNSwmEml-N.gxwmw'm26g4U.ggmEMN 58,33 Qgghgs m4JiJ5J--Sinn-qufj E4o4ouW 5wE2C yitgau I--.Z- 352:39 Udgmw-5 JZQSCESE4-,gifm mfajwacggmm-Jojgh 2 Nggcnggtdb .f3og,Nu'uN,Eo cg,.'Qi'IiNR1ZlZZ'Qw,5Z5-ggwgjfgzg3.0: I 2 - .1 .:- -wwI 5. '--- wbnucm Q 4 - N . Cro 44.5061 -QDLUCE :Sl-LJC'QOLo ,QCDNNEWEN N JC LJ ,OZI0-IJ.-LL mwouhw 2 -I-I DDENOJ CNLU . :G+ OCDNQ-I Q--'BINGO N m m+-' --CBI ,ff NEG Nm Tw smouj - gQOELU'Nc.:O3OW--LU,,lm OOYCDQF UQWUJ Z- LL 40m -:w5p-P2gmSrw'-2oa- 9I3EPgm -W:2 o2OmQ3Emw5WZoOgmI2gCNm--!ZW3-52- 20-No-3--24gOQQ5mb5gI miie?--gogggseer-SOP 35N24509NeD-m9fvE29 mgGEa4 qjru'ot 7 -O Z Nu.'5 Q24 :iD I-63:6 'EU-' Q3 -O wN5'H,j .N..p ,ND F X' ..O0-- 'EZ '2- ODI oo N Nga zNww- DMZ JD Z3-2uN44Q .Nw E N Oo,n NmmmoO4mo4O.UN'Oww3-mCmNO gfxfggmmigieeg-Eeg5ee55gm3Zgggfg5?51N54OHsmEe,Sgpw. QigeOg2gE55O5E2Of .52 N-22-05 --fa :gmgmu-18.5 -2000 ..- JH sem:-iw 1.----If-.-Sigeamffmoe --m we New d5H-N12iF-Qmwg Jm-N65 ommowic:EF8'wf-mOmEIg:'3wF:2mt59E lO7D67:Q 495 3 4 U3 UD N I-O 'U LLIZ 2 3 09 CD D N Em P 4 olwm. 0 Wm Ug . mio- .0-JOO W:U U G- W 3 m LF .W m mv m NO WN Nw Z. w 3 O In--Xwwi N I v4l .-.J gg Nc Nc 0:Nffgcu mmm OQDNQ C0Zru ULU -OO .ION-01515 Z ff ,Nm-Q ZNC Ngo NOUJ E NEED N -Omacdm I N-I-U N NNNNZ- -I4 5 N.. 2353 -u.1..d':q:frmd-...d N.-uNfU-53 mjfu .dgfa N NQE--.5 Smoqgxgiwjoiidgtgvogg ,ygUdN8EZEww,82zw5 mE-DW5uSI lN:r3 yw53wUmj:mE5 -'Z'-'03 D-N.-.l- P- EH- :Q --Om E mm QQLU 7. UJ '.,,C+-f ,.: .qjbwq n.,:.,.frC0 u.1 D1 .,,. l,w N U.w 4m 4 mqwwlm PZZH 3' J Um ,- Ho O4'U2t:m'Pmb 'N C 4 . EgmigfigEggge355ggEg555ig2Eg 5905Eggggigfiigi53f55gf4NfgQ8EEiEZQgiEEE m glam 35'4 Bw Zo wuz-Z0 CQ-Db' 22 H5 UW Q6 ww Gwmg-N 2 WZ: wmlf 0-' LJ .E ,NN4. N 5 C .NNN W- LUONL ENC GJ Ea, N4:wE4-'EU Q- LJ ,, N .l,Nm.N E f2fmfgfiv:jZEEw3EEw,J9EyO3ei:IEOEg-O4Sge55?4ZgES:m5EE35f3gwEaa3Iw4Igw 85u.o4Eiu.ZI02rImimcomcnmzEwuau.mcLbCCwu.cn0maou.cnZ02+-wf.nIml-OCCcnZ3-1Eon.a.oo4Du:u-ZwwCCU-II-U-I-I-CUZ wr- ,'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'................................................. ..-...................................................... ......................................................... ',','''.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'...........................................- ............ . . .. ' ..... 4...li-.-..-..... ... . . ................. .... . . .. . . .. .. . . . .................. ... . . .. . . .. . .. .. . ..................... . .. . . . . .. .. . . .. . . .. .................................................. .......................................... . ...-.......................-...................... . ..................................................-...... ...............................-............................ ............................................................ ...................................................... .'.................................-.........- .. .................................................. . .. .................................................-. '...................................-................... ............................................. ....................................................... .... ..........................-...................... ..... ................................................. .......................................................... . ' ........................................................ ... .'...................-........................................ ............................................-........................-.......... '............................................ .......................... '....................................................... ............ .. .... -........ ....................... ..................................-............................................. '......................-.................... ....................... . . ................................................................................ '............................................ ....................... . '............................................................................... .. ... ......... ....................... .. '.............................................................................. .. .....................................-..... ........................ ............................................ .......................... '..................-.............-........... .......................... '............................................. ..-....................... . ........................................... .......................... .'..............-....................................... .............. .................. . .. ........- ................-......... ............................. . .............. ........................... .............................. . ......... .......................... ............................. .................. ......................... ..,,,, ......... .......................... .,,,,, ......... .......................... ........-................ ......... .......................... .......................... . ......... .......................... ...... ...... .'- l I. .....- ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... . -...-. ..--.. ....... ... .. ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ....... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ...urn .....n ....... ....n. ..n.... ...... ...n... ..m... ......n ...... n....n. ...... ....... ...uno ...... n..... ....... ...... ...nm.. ...ann ...... .n.... n.....m ...nun ......n ...nun ......n .n.... n....n ..m..n nn...- .n..........n..... nas... .n.... ...... ...ann ...uns ..........nnn...nu ...... .nn... ...... ...nun ...nun ...ann ...ann ...una ...Inn Inn... ...... ...nun ...lun Inn... ...nun ...nun ...nun ...nun ...ull .mulls ...lun lllnnn .......... ......... ......... ................... ......... ................... ......... ......... ................... . ....... . ........ ......... .. .. .. . .. ......... . ........ ......... . ......... . ................... . ...... . ............n...... ......... on... . ...........nn......m .n....... ...... . ........n........... ......... ...... . ............n....... ........n n..m.. . ....n...m........... n.m...n.. ..... . ..m................. .n.n...nn ..... . .................... .n....... ..... . ...n................ ....n.... ..... . .................... .nn.n.... nn... . ........n....n...n.m ....n.... ..... . ........n.....nn.... .n....... nn.. . ......m.n....n...... .n.....nn ..... . .....n..n........... .....nn.. nn... . .....nn..n.......... nn....n.. ..... . n....nnn............ n...nnn.n ..... . n....nnn............ ...nnnnnu nn.. . .n...nn.n.....m...n. nn...nn.. ... . ...nnnn.........nn.. ..nnnnn.. ... . .n.....nm.......n... .nnn..... ... . .nn........n.n...... ...nn.... n.. n ...n...n............ .....n..n n..n . n............nn..... .......n. ln. n m..........nnn...... .......n. .I n m........n.n..n..... ...n...nn an . ............n....... ....n..n. n a ....nn.n....nnmm...m .......n. ....n.noon...nn..... ..n....s. . ..n.n........n...... ......... . ...n................ ....I0t.. . n.n.nn..n.n........... .....:E:......'.::.., ......................m.... ...-...................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ..-....................... .......................... .......................... ....-..................... .......................... ..-....................... .......................... .......................... ..-....................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .-.m...................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ..............m........... ......................n... .....m.................... ...m.............n........ .....................o.... .............n....n....... ............n........o.... ..................m....... ..............n...m....... .................mm....... ...-............n......... ..........n............... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ......mm.................. .......................... .......................... .......................... .m........................ m....................m.... .......................... m....n....nn.....n......au ........n............nn... ..........n...n..nnnn...n. ..n..............nnn.n.... .n.......on.....n..n.n.... ..n..nn.n.nnn.......nn.... ..nn....nn.o..n.nnn.n...n. ..nn...on.n.n...n.nn..n..n ..nn..n.nnn.....nn.n...n.n n.n.n..nnnn...........n..n ...n...nnnn.....n...n..... ..nn....nn...n...n.......n .I....nnnnn.......n....n.. ..........n....nn.n.......n ........................nn .........n..nn...n.n.n...n ...n............n....n.... ................n...m..... ........nnn.....nnnn.n..n. .......nn.m...n.........o. ......n................... n......nnn.......n....nn.. ..........n.....n..n..n... .......n...n....n......n.. .................n.n...nn. .........n........n..sn... .................n.nnn.... ........n....n.nn......... ..................nn....n. .........................n n.n.....nnn......nn..n..nn n........n.......nn.n....n .........nn.......n....nn. ....n........n..........n. ...n.....................n .n........n........n..n... ...nn............n....n..n .nn..................nnn.. ........nn......onnn.on... ...nn......n.....n.nnannI. nnn....nnn..n..oo.....onon un....nnn..ao..n.nnnnn.n.. ...a..n.n.n.....nnnn..s.on u....n..n..nn.n.n.n....... ...n...n.nunnanullnnunsonn .................n...n.... n.......................nn ..1........n..n..........n ..........n.......n..n...n .......................... .......................... .........................o ....n.....l..no ...........can ..........s.aan saulunlnillnan .........loa..n .......l.ll.nu .......nl....nu uuuuuuiluluann aauuuuiiluiaual ulunuuuillunnu auannniiuullull luuoulnnnaluull nuuouuilulllaill ulsolllnllnnnlu liinuuuallllllg nsolnlllilnnlr nronnulllnlll noolllllllll llllltllnlnl .- X,. S., ' -'- v A y ' ' , L - 9 J -9, l 9 1 . ' , sb- ,,,,,..- r- ...vw n -...au--.L,. 'V' -2... E . F uw S X11 , , 2. , ! - .1 s- .. 5 . av 4 .,..1, x A MN f . X , , ZTq,,,,,,,,,.,..-om, -.Wm Q 'PHK A :Sing Q ,.,. e. fm -- , '- ,Z Y-f3Jx..my:-,',,N. J' K 4 A -nl .l i- ., , an r ul u ,: X .1 IQ' l1 .,, Q.f..1,.4 H ..,.. , .11 ,.h -44g.:L,:..w-.af f nf' 'gm W' '-5. 'IEL7 1E' QD If f 0 . 3 i l I nu 'vlln 153 .mLio- 115 f. I Q nh is 5 . .AY 4 in 1 V f N X ' , I ' ' X W! 1 ,,Q ng A 2 ' , - 3 I x... '0'0'0'0 0 0 0 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0 00010001000 0004n0001s00 00 00 00 00 00 000+0010001000 0 00,00 00 00 00 0 00 00-00 00 00 0'0'0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0. -- --1000 004500 - 0 - 61.0.0 t I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I V x I I I I I I I I I Y 00.0.00 00 :G I Ak f A I I I I , I I I I 4 I I I I I A I I I I I k J I I I I I I n I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I , I I I I I I.I I I I. 4 I I I I I I I I I 4 I I I I I I I I I I I I EV 4 I I I I I I I I I I I I k Fl I I I I I I I I I I I I I A I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I n I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I A I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ0QQQ0QQoQ0QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQ0 QQ0QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQ0 Q QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQ-QQ QQQQQQQQQQQ0QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ Q QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ00QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 0000 0000 0 QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 000 O. , QQQQQQQQQQQQQQVQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQ ff av 00 II 0 IO 0'0 0'0 0 .0 01g 0 .0 010 0 .0 0 .0 0 0 :- Q Q'A -.. x' Q, .MUN Q 0'Q . . . . . . . .1.1.1 1.1.1. .'.'. . . . 1.1.1.1. . . .-I-I-P: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .'l'I'Z'Z'1'1 .-Z'C'Z'C'I'I' '. . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . Q'Q'Q'Q'Q'Q'Q'u'l 0' . . . . . . . . Q .1. .1 1 .1.1.1.1.1.- 1.1 '. Q Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q'Q'.'Q'Q' 1-0 0.0 . Q'. Q'.'Q'Q'Q'Q '0'l 0. ' 1.1.1.1.1.' 1.1 Q Q 1.1.1.1.1.-. .1.1 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q'.'.'Q'Q'Q 0'l 0.0.0.0 Q Q .'.'Q'Q'Q' I' I. .0 0 .1 1. Q1. . . . . . . .1 .1 .1.1 . . . . . Q.: Q .1 . . . . . . 1 1 . . . . 1.1 . . . . Q . . . . . . . :1:1. . . 1 'Q'Q' 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.1. ' Q EC' . ' . 1.1.1. 1 . . .1.1.1 '.' . .1.1 . . 1 .'I'.'. . ' .1.'.'. .1.1.1. 1.1.1.1 Q . . . . . 1.1.1.1 . . Q ' .1.1.1.1 . .1.1.1.1. . . .1.1.1.1 . . . . . Q :I-2-2-1 ' Q'Q'Q'Q'Q . .1.1.1.1.1 ' ' I-I-I'I'C' 1.1.1.1. Q 'I 0 I 0 I . Q I I Q Q 0 I 0 0 0 0 Q . Q 0 0 Q Q ' I 0 If! . . ' ' Q1 1 Q1 1 0 0 1Q1Q1. 0 0 Q Q.01 I I Q Q'Q'Q' 0 l ' Q Q Q Q Q1Q I I I 0 0 I I 0 I ' I I Q I 0 . . . . . . . , Q'Q'Q'Q .' .'Q'Q'Q ' ' . ..... . . Q 1.1.1.1.1. '.1.1.1.1 .1 Q , . .... 1 . . . . .1 , , . .0.0'0'Q Q Q'Q.0'0 I Q . Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q I I '0'Q'Q'Q'Q' Q'Q'Q'Q 'Q'Q D I I . . . . . . . . . . . 'Q'Q'Q'Q'Q 'Q'Q'Q'Q'Q 'Q' ' ' -.'.-.-.-.'. I 0 I '.'.'.'. '.'.'.'.'.' .'.1 0 Q Q'Q'Q'Q'Q Q Q'Q'Q'Q'Q' Q'Q Q I 0 0 .1.1.1.1. 11.1.1.1.1 -.1.1.1 Q Q Q Q .1 1. 1 1.1.1.1.1:1 -1.1 Q 0 0 '.'.'.-.-.-. 0 0 Q' 'Q'Q' ' 'Q'Q'Q'Q'Q' 'Q'Q'Q Q I I I 1.1.1.'.' -.'.1.1.1 .f'-.-.-.- Q Q . . . .1.1 '. . . . .'.'.1. Q 0 1.1.1.1.1.1 .1.1.1.- .1.1.1.1. Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 0 I . . . . . . . . . . . ..... .... Q , ' ' 'Q'Q'Q 'Q'QS'Q 'Q Q Q 0 I Q Q Q Q 'Q'Q'Q 'Q' 'Q'Q'Q 0 I ' 1Q1Q:Q:. 'QIQZQ 'Q' Q l'0.I Q1Q:Q1.1.1. .1Q Q Q Q .'.'.1.1.1.1 1.1.1 0 I ' '0'0'Q' 'Q Q'Q'Q'Q , . . . . . . . . . . . .. Q 0 Q Q Q'Q'Q Q' ' 'Q'Q'Q'Q I 0 I '.1.-.1.1.1 ' 1.1.1.1 Q Q . .... . .4 1 Q Q - . . . . .-.1 Q Q .1. .' .1.1.1.1.1. 1 0 0 . . . . . Q Q . . . . . . . 1 . . 0 0'0'0'Q'Q 'Q'Q'Q' '.'.'.'.'.'.' .'.'.'Q' V 0 0 . . . . . . . . .1, , , . ..... . . . .1.1.-.1 1: 1.1.1.1. I Q 0 '. .1.1 1 1. 0 Q l.0.I . . .... . . . . . . . . . . '.'.-. v 0 0 '.'.'.'.1.1 0 0 1 . . n 0 0 -.1.1.1.- 1 0 0 W . . . . . a 0 0 QQ'Q'Q:.1.' Q Q Q Q Q Q1. Q Q 1'1'121. ' 010. - -92-I-Z . 0 0 ' 0 0 . ..... . .1.1.1.-.1 0.0. . . . . . . . .. . . .'21Z1I1.1.1 .010 1.1.1.1.1. . . , 'Q'Q'Q'Q'Q' Q Q Q Q Q .1.1 Q Q .1.1.1.1.1 9 . , .1.1.1.1.1 .010 . . . . . 0 0 .1.1.1.1.' Q g W Q1Q1Q1. . Q Q -.1.1.g 0 06 0'0 I .0-01 Qi' 55' ' X xx I Q V X .11 X! 2 K 'L SMU Q. I -Q A, 1 11,-. .Qi Q -Q-Q-re .Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q I Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q I 0 Q 0 Q 0 0 Q Q Q 0 0 Q 0 Q 0 0 1 QQ Ill 00 Ill 00 ill 100 Ill 00 000 QQ QQQ 00 000 II 000 ll QQQ II Q00 Q0 III I0 000 II 001 00 Q04 00 not 00 000 00 001 00 010.l 001 00 001 00 III 00 001 00 0.0.1 001 00 0.0.0 000 0.0.0 00 0.I.l 000 00 0.0.0 00l 00 000 00 000 00 00l 00 001 00 001 00 000 00 001 0.0.0 Al hm 5' M15 ,..,-v , 4 ix 13 111 4, Vs -H21 ,ff xt, K x . 1 Q Eeyxetit pi 5 ililxixfi LJIED3, 1 , , 2 5 ,f 4-if-'ki Ayx. IM 5 ,.,. --5 2:53 pk 5 , 2, 1 1 2 l ,,,4z. , 1 f 1g:i,'g2'iu r ,, ,,, ,. , ,,. U,.1!i::-zl. , Q QYXXX, lf' , 4' , A x N 4 ri KKK? , Q.- - of f NIIENNW VXXXIIEIXIWIEEXIWL5' ' EENNXXXEN QXXXXEEXENEEKWE .0 , . I' iw GGL :af-' Wendel Nooth,Paul Boller,Dick Thomson,Bob Dufresne Paul lV!archessault,Stan HoImes,Keven Beseette,lVIike SiIva,Coach Don Trahan. 'B Mr Harry W Connolly Director of Athletucs IVlr Robert Dowd N A I A Coach of the Year H a no Q 'N ' a A 1 -'X I C CCUJNTVQY TRACK i l l Wayne Dwyer James Murdock Billy Kelly Howard Bernstein Paul Ziobro David Ozug. Coach Bobert'Dowd, Steve Gardiner, GIen'Niewenhuis, Peter Murry, Peter Kuchinski, Dennis Dussault, Steve Cybert, Davicd MCH F- ' -- v - 7 . ,J ifffff L W 4,,.,-- Z l f T Qs L ' ' 'V Q xx A Mgr Mark Vitone Paul Talewsky Fernando Goulart John Raposa Americo Araujo Manny Gomes Joaquim Costa Edward Condon Dennis Carmichael Rick Britto Paul Eastwood James Aguiar Assn Coach Dave Barclay Wally Shea,Mgr. Alex Parsons 1 Coach Bay Oliver,PauI-Souza,Peter Ha-ley,Bob Gaudreau,Fiifrat Spahi,William Cardoza,Fernando Dasilva,Bob Clark, - BM JAWYFM Jimmy Thomas Fran Kelly Daryl Manchester Bill Edward Coach John Pachico. John Crow Tom Duval Tom Viana Lenny Rocha Paul Chevalier. Rick Garro Jim Tovvnley Phil Mello Mike Roy Kevin Phelan. PENCING ' .li h E W Il m Captain Bob Marion Coach Ralph TVk0d' g?ei1feBouu22grc-fansILIIgy5Haddocks Leaslie Raisman CharlGS Nlaffln Eric Sollee Paul Levinson Ronald Perry David Slack BIXSEEML l ..- -1- Arne Perry ScottChausse Paul Vigeant Phil Aucella Ray Charette Paul EastwoodCarl Taber Steve Fiezendes John Gushue Steve Knowles. John Evans Jimmy Thomas Frank Costa,Jean Desrosiers Tom Solomine Mike Nasser Dick Boucher Daryl Manchester Bob Gaudreau Tony Andrade Coach Bruce Wheeler. TENNS illlklohi an M sn-Nl vsilllly-'V ! lll1 f?frI 11,9 II 45 I ,p- DP' we-N. ..r wg:-Pi Z v' ig Roger Canto Finch Prldls TOm Wallace Fran McGuirk Tom Monahan Chris James George Huchunson 5221 F255 4 - . 1451115541 J is - ' 1' 1ffTfK5.'iPf J ' lj 1 ef:1:f:1: N . 2 1 I , Qs Q ',Q,Zg..jI ' - ff' 4 K sn.: ' rl N , , , f . , 4 ' ' . ,. N 'Z X I mu N , . I .1 V N . , S , , X T , , , X - 5 ' ' i ' 1 X . ll ru ' 4 ' ' X . I i , if ' . ,Ulu , . T' -f-2':::3:- .. rg '-11+ f A . ,Ii , , . - f , . I ' , M .. Q Q x Q Q f 'Q' llla YK ' . 4 We . . . Y X 5 X sf.: 2 I A x z 1 ' X , - Q - N: ' N 4, 5 V N L M . X so T 3 -1 , u l 0 Y J. AW . I A. .. f- . l5r'T1':4-X21 sl sf H ' 4 ' ' . x X '4.'. A '-rf? 3 i . .57-T ,T .tl 12 rw Nd. C l -J-1, . 4-:wise 'Q ' ' -,.bg'.i4a- Q - . gs - ' z: 1 - -., m ' 5 ff-3557-QZTQ: i '11-Lea.. 1' ' Q . --E., j--, 4 - , A. l , , B E Q Z . nn--.-.,,., ilu gd' fn rf., ..,,,,,m ni' jkfv -1- 3 cn -iw 1 UD ,V VT-I Q Cf G'-P D5 4 3 QCD Qx Paul Vasconcellos Paul Talevvsky Joyce Goodman Steven Brown Robert Clarke Robert DiPietro Robert Diagle Richard Hayes AI lVlayo Theresa Pryslopski Jeffrey Shirtleff Paul Vigeant Joseph Rosa Esther Martin Cheryl Vasconcellos Cynthia Dore Edvvard Johnson Kenneth Richards Kevin Coyne Richard Tavares Joan Camara Anthony lVledeiros William Atteridgd William Atteridge Mark Fachada Wendy Stewart Victoria Fries sitidcni sQnoiQ -i 0 uoaudcumlun a . . U 0 O U on lo 0 0 l ll 0 l 0000 0 000 to l it llbilltltl 0 UOQUOOOOOU o :tunica nsoosruanusnna '1 o u s o 0 s 0 s 0 0 0 n 0 Q l l Q 0 0 n 1 I 0 Q 0 0 0 0 0 l 0 Q e Q :J 0 6 Q 0 ofi s 0 :jo Q j c s o o Q u o o s c a 0 o o s o a A 0 0 l 0 Q o 0 0 u I u a 0 o Q Q 0 0 0 0 s 0 c 0 1 ous n 0 :J 9 Q'Q Q l'n'n c Q Q a n o Q a o 0 U 0 s Q Q Q o Q Q Q Q Q A Q Q s s Q 0 Q Q Q Q 0 Q U rc Q Q 0 Q n n Q Q Q 0' Q Q 1 Q Q Q re Q o o Q s Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q u Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 0 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q I Q Q Q n Q I. Q Q Q Q tin' l Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q I Q 0 Q Q l I Q Q I r 6 0 .11 Q 9 'qj Q Q Q Q Q 1 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 0 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 0 Q Q I.I Q Q Q Q Q Q 1 Q 0 ,O 0.-D' Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 0 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 1.0 Q IAIVI rm 0.3 Q Q Q IYI rl Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q D Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 0 Q 0 l. Q Q Q Q Q Q Q i-0 Q Q 0 I Q Q Q Q Q i Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 000 9 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 0,0 Q'Q -' Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q a Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q l Q Q Q I Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 0:0 U-0-mfs Q U' Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q l Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 0.0 Q u Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q I 1 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q U Q Q Q Q 0 Q Q 5 U 0 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q n Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 0 J Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q.: 0 Q l,u Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 0 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 0 a Q Q Q Q Q I'I Q Q.: Q Q 1 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q l Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 1 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q n I Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 0' Q I Q Q Q Q I -Q I Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 0 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q l Q tl Q Q Q I,I Q Q Q IYI Q Q IQIYI U I Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q QB! Q Q Q Q I I Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q l Q Q n Q Q Q U I I Q U Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q I Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 0 Q Q Q Q Q I Q Q Q Q Q Q Q I 0, Q Q Q rl Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q I Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q l Ll Q Q Q I Q I Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q l Q Q Q Q Q 0 Q 0 Q Q 0 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q l I Q I l' I Q Q 0 Q I Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q I Q I Q Q I Q Q Q U .I Q Q Q Q I.I Q I I I I'I Q QA I Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q I Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q I Q Q Q Q Q Q Q l Q Q Q I I I Q I I I Q Q I l Q U Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 1 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q l Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q I 1 U I Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 0 Q Q I Q l Q l Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q I Q Q Q Q I I Q Q Q Q I Q Q I Q Q Q I Q Q Q Q Q l I Q l Q Q I Q I I I Q 0 Q I Q Q Q Q Q Q 0 Q Q u Q Q Q I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Q I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I- I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 9 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I y I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 3 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I: . II-I:I:I:I:l:I:I:I:I:I:l:I:I:l:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:l:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I:I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I:I- I I I -I-I. -I?:I- I I I I I -I-I-I-I-I. IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII I I IIIIIIIII I I -I -I I I I IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII II I IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII I I I-I I-I I 'I I I I I I-I-I. an ' ix '5.3x Y I 'SQQ' xo X1 '51 ' x X. ' ' .xiq f A ,,,, ,l , W , 7, ., KH l. ,yr bp Q fl f +. I :IJ Nb!! ' rr ' ,F 'AV, V, Y 1142 , -tl .il f:f!rjL,Sf.,k-.YT4 , 11 awe' X : ' ffrxfyf I :I 'V 4 ' ' .pf- 'x X ' if cxjgf' I 6 ' Q , 'Q b A ' s lf J . . ,. .'. .ff-s . viii' . 1-' I l1fL 'Na ,l X N51 11, M562 Q, - . . -7' X .ix 4 x-- V xx., . . iff? Q 1 2..- 1 l Q' , . 1 .5 ...iw I 'K' '11 .1.1 1 X' 1.1.1 Q X' 11 1 -Q 124' '-11. f--1. , 5'- If Hi 43 FQ ,' 'X 4' 1 ' -. fly .arf N XY xx . yes J ,fr li X X W1 ,W A W I x I ,E ff'. .-Q' A-If 'sf .64 V rl.-3 13 sri. ,aff dw F, W ' 'Q A13 W4 4 dd 'A 43- - ' 'I 'Q '- .:+-1 z - 1 S if Q f 1 32.1 I 5 Ti . ' 1 W , JN ' ' -501' . G'-ni A 5' . . Q , Q 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5? , .1-PT 'fbif Q 1 1 .1 'r-1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ,1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I N l-5,1 1 1 ' 5' 1' ' NY 'Mx I l 'X'3.w. 1 1 1 X, 11 1 ,1 1 1 , 1 1 fr, l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111 1111111 1111111 1111111 111,111- .' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ,. K 1 1 1 1 111 1 11111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111111 111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 1 1 111 11111 I ' 'V w' ' fM1.g,m ,ik P, X ka A . if f f .. 'F f tiff' P vx wing 5, N V , N ' X ' w , ., W b K' ' Q ,lx ' ,V -A Y . I I af 2- N f f ' X f 'kfwvn 'QQ fi Q yt, ,Q X My y. lr , wa? 5 Q , wg Q -:IJ Q 35 44 5 W , al , W X 'x D x aw Q t , X .h qrx . 5 C,,,,,,, v Q' f c A if mfg' . .. if Q ,Q Q 1 ' I Q ,I 5,0 V 1. , , ,. 1 5 Q- ' k Q A of is - B ' I 4 Q A f .1 iw mf! iz, Q . than l S 6 'I I1 , 1 , I E V ul R 1 gl L 'Wi W 'W K AQ X - P .mw': , :K ,Wx V A H' Q f gf 11 , , i --- ' -X f I an x if V , A 'Ag I QQQ4 9 ,E wg-55,4 ,fa gg ,,4fQ-H., , 5 f 'W' ff? 2 4 ,E f Q, V M 4+ K Y f 4? 1 'M' f i . 'T 1 f- . A . gyijiiv. ' QL V14 'X N N' Q 4 ' FJ- V h , M t nr, W. X. an 2. Ag' r. H H 5, Q!! , . ,' f my in M if-.,,, K 1 A Q E . f :iq Q 2 W V Q ZX Q 'fu q F I ' - A A xx ' l A - I E51 V, 2 Vnxl di plbv Q 'I A. Y 5 ' E' 4A, , - 'Q' L M f ' V 3 wi 1, w M 3 V k V p--, x f Q 'Li 4 M' , . I Q , gl Q . , K x iff W V 'G' N' 1... Qwifb Lk AQ -.6 Wk, X A9 . O 9 :1 1 1: I Q qlrffu .7 J Us . V, :,-1 ' If 1 fn, fy I wg was wk ,ik Q . Qgikfl 2' 3 . 5 ,40 -? 'C . 0 O I x J., . .f-v MIVOUNCEKT D 27.5 A Q0Qp1JFE,i5M'T IF . . .Tenn AVERAGUYIAN? NBOTJMD ygg EVER STG? 'VOTHINK OJHATMAKQ5 'TSW' A GOOD ure: F011 YOQHMD Wifi LOVED WCS 'P wipuglgi , . ' Locfyfv o AM5-CACK 3 Efqgyfx. IT 5 MODERN 'VECHN0 XNDU STRDQL 5Ys7'Effl. HN: Uijmmc me new B16 mms. UQHATDG THEYMUNTO MQ,-QN AVERAGE G-UV? ,fmwoumceikr mem :lawn Pawn P6 I CAM SHOUU YOU' T1f'Nf0UW m' ' ' AM MATQD fAlDuSI'R1AL SVSVUYN HAS 'MDE WU RCHER W C-,qgg,qQ,, . NAPQLEQM... AND HENRY VIH PUTEGETHE 'Y TQEJHEMEER, F071 ALL-Hi5 Gow AND frnyvxfes QHARLGAZTQ-Ne couw NQT 1-Hue GQTFQN ONE SMG-LE' TRANSISTOR' RAOEWQE' NOT To M EMNON T46 IMSURHNCQ H54 'IWAND R N meAT :Bene FITS 7012 GCT 'WGUGH YOUR EMPLOYER' Um ' 'ITDHNI I NEVER Looman AT iT7HhT MY 5034! SWT OFMHCE5 7'0u WINE DOCSNT i T? ANMQUAJCER1 V . . .F :13uT1mT'5 MOTALL,lT0 N- UNDER W5 SYSWV OUR Cm' zfmom Hfaa RCAQHEDTHS D1-WEST HE'5'HT5 OFAMIME' FAR BEYOND 'me wzwesr meqms or cum PAST 51.7 'WYXE5 AS MANY TELEUWON SETS ASTFREWOF THE mama PoT'l?J6-C1'HER- 7 705 OF WC Wfmm AUTO' mo13fuf:5. 83076 OFAULTHE IAURLDS HU! CONU'W0 'CK5L ESZ oF :Ts Powell umm mo-mens. 467, vF1TS HE'-' LDS COpT5fg5, 9802 OF ITB SNOUQ 1Y0B1LES. QQ. C! '70 OFTHE MCR KURT VONNEWT TP-- lv- , '. A . 1 V! f 6 h f z.-.xx X vu, D' ,. , A -3 4 Q 'Q 'T - g .0 I. A 9 . . , ' Q 'wa-K 'f :env V. - X A X Q ' , -sl? , ' .Pty Y' 1 ' 'N , . Q uh 5 - g'. ge. n ' 'I 1 sf' a'p :-':'d: :pA ' - gl., gain h ..'P'4 G- 11-4 1 ...Q . 'f,--Q ..f..,. .--wr - 9 '61 il D 'Q J 1 .affair-ia c'a' Nvvg, Dba k -56,51 are ur,,,,-abifii? t , - - ' an . . - f 6 . - f ie. it ai 5, Q .1 fi Q 3 X is-J can ' C itil ' Ai ni ' 0,0 di ,, if j Q 5 , f 'Q L ian nt, a 6 U . Q Q 4 . D SQ ,Q 1 f- 'P for 3 'asa' ,qw can n ' vials: 1. f 0' 'C .U 5 lu wiring' vp - i' HU. -1 fl 4 . ai E Q td 4 .Q - i f 1 ggi 'E ij , , 3 3 Q 6 I- Q T . B fl' r Q-xii. ' f I up V, '1 S , I gg 1 wi 6 Q. M Q .ini pffg Q V 1 Q ' X ,Q ,'jia 2.43, . Q . i qw ci, 4.5.--nv -P ,, 'U vang 3.1 it 5 at '4 7 A C 1 , We A' 'soft ai 1 il ' s -Q .. an Q v 'J' ' in' is - .Q-al' ' if ' ii 116.11-vga:-di ni,-' Q is V ' 9 , ' Q Uv' , in g J a' y U C Q 5 ' g Q- Q ' Q QQ' Q Q' 1 9.-Q 'P 1 1 .. ' , - 9 ' - . - F if U 1 'C 1 Q 'K ab 3 U 5 i fgdcay ei' , gib ii -'Laila it U c si:C' you f' 9 P is 453. Ui -I if v . Y , Q21 ' In K ... l-A' , Jn - nn.. ' s 1 ,S SQAK. Aff ww' DWITME SQSZT We PKWQC5 mmf E' 0P5f?ScLiZiJoq5E Aff OUKEYEZ-5-6E7f5Fl204Q AND 115 CUE THEM mE wil SEE ME Q: L n-urges 5 5 I K 2 is 1 1 O 2 W KN' E ea x 5 SSM 2 gs 5 5 5 Q5 if I E E 35 2 E CQ,,,,, E 55? 5 5 I 5 5 Z 54 E- 'E 2 5 E S . . -2 'WNW r 5' 0 ,'- . ul 2 H fm - , ll -5- 'ug-X 9 KN f'N1' .wi J f M NNN g 1- H ,..- ' 011- QNWXNNN Q f I blllffflflflmjfffj ll ,,. -V ' ' I - if E ' - NQVWXXXX SLWINU'Hf.'.'flUfINlll!l my qi., 'Q his : X rf I- , r ,qu f N 5 AQXWX -O .7 sqm L-,2 OJ lTWff'lll1f,,,!f f .4 'Z S xxxxxxxwm S?-2.- . Q . W C so Q ' O 9 Z 151 G S 41' -'79 WK O 'f S ng XNMI Cf XZ, -.N 2 3 1 ' ' O Z, f ' 2 S E O . 2 X A N 1 2 ,' .S L 5 9 Q, 2 Q Q ' XXX 3 2 ' A 1 Mx in 5 Q I ,f K 0 0 . A' , Z1 1 1 www Q E5 Q W g 52 , L S ,' A Q 2 45 S : 7 - S Sf 1,1 1 2 i G 6 I 2 3 Q. Ong , 3 ,' ,AWQ 5. E O 9'-1-M ' H-f ? Q M--I E E T3 Q-22 , EL 'sis O 94093 w'4W,Q' 9' 2 k E 2 N S Qrq 461 . yn X.: so E X E S S Q S 0 6 , 'UE gf : 3 Sx , S O 5 55 Q U : , A 'Q g XX X,-, QR 51 ' ' 1 E 11 E Sxxx - X Q U 436.075 Q 7 Q' on E 5 5 S O 5 , aw .,. YW 5 g T: I W 1' XX E : O nd B M 'D an 5, ' fN FJ., U, S L :. 57 Y, 'SS' Q 1 'fo ru- , S -L 0 A 'H!.w 2 ,4 ,D Sizw- ef :E I K UQ . 'ff,,,S K r 5' 5 O O Un ' . 72 QV 900, -'Q ffgwrq-ZA: 'Z X ,gf vb 'lf 1 AS N Q, ISN? 5 fs 7x - QLD 44 Z u 5 - : Q 1 KI' 06 QI' mlm - fu ' O if . n 3 Z' ' Q '. 'Q Q gi, Q Q xx W S 1 so 1: X0 5 O CJ xv Y xxwk O9 Q tl as X? 3 5 3 Z Q 5 A S: 5 2 C V O Q MS Sf ,5 -2 O O Q '- J 9 Q 2 N I. vb AX SN 12 44 wx Q' PS 2 2 2' 0 fm Ox ,S 91? ff? S X Q99 Qis b 2' 7110 xx Q 31' W0 NX Z Tx wx QQNX Xx 2 X f 2 W J WN Qs f xv 0 ' 7' ff!!! Q 1 zl XXX- XX Q - X ZZ owvgwffff O5 ra 4' I Xxwwxx QXXXQXX oxxox NNN 1 1 1' 2' xx x Zag !0W!ffflf0fl O ,D L' 8 U NXXXNXXXX WXXXQ 5 X X NNN 1042 W IIMMMQV ,, , I Hmllh NWN wx AW 01,5 W fllflmllfnlIHHIIHAMAIIIHU WM xxxx ff WW XX 4 W ,', , yuvb f ZQWW Wffff C'A','fw'f','1ww'f'W'HUM N N A ' nu km fffffffffxfmn,,..'mfz:...m.m.rum-Q Y H425 USWROQGH PICTUKEQZCLFF os 'PAINTED OM OUR CA pfQToR 4 f , VY 10,5 -gm -+3 as in Q mum QE ow 35. m.,, gre A-.Q QE EQ ll QQ. Q Sw Xfire Nav: EE 3'6 W2 N.V1 Fi ww gi 'B H QS, Nm : Sm. E: 2-'R Wm Q: Q: 3-. 9.22. 'dw m- EQ 'NN' Ne. SE' ma Bw. gm NE QE SE 01,3 SFS' mg- win Q- YE 'slr-az- 1y:'H v - , 'fn . A- W xvy: itine-fM,fff5iAir'-1- aff in -WH ' ':',,' 'Q-K J: wvlfflpgff if .,-1w- 3 is -. b. -. -. . , ..,,kc . Y, Tiff! name. s The child's world is the poet's world where dimensions differ only according to feeling, not fact, that place of the forth dimension that eludes all but painters, poets, lunatics and the players of musical instruments. And it even eludes those at times. That is why they remain children, eternally commited to chasing after it, clinging to the tatters of those clouds of glory with which we are all born and which only rationalisation can rip off 4 Definitions are dull and delineations even duller. Blake's Tiger would never have burnt bright in the forests of an adult's night, but simply have gone out like a light while the adult died of fright. But beautiful things are not fearful in the innocent world because there one has curiosity instead of terror and a suppleness of mind that adjusts itself to the wonder of the unexpected as easily as the pupil of the eye to the fluctuations of light and dark. A Here then is a little book that is the right way up. A glimpse of a world wherein there is so much time and limitless space that no one has to conjine or categorise out of meanness of heart, for fear that there won't be enough beauty or enough truth to go around unless you frighten others away. -fi' Q A' ' Yehudi Menuhin ' 4- . ' :'Y .','15i':.. ,L T 2 , 'K wmv- fb: 3,1 ,. 11 A.-r 4.1-Q.-J f - ' . .E:,,' ,N:..'Q7'2L3 . - '1-sffl-. ' -'a.,,,. -vw... .,' ' - C .,s,, .gag , - H,-315 . ,C 1 to ,gg Ll CE uma BEGINNING 'IU GET v5Ry TIRED orsrrrme- BY n 'HER SISTER ON THE .BANQ AND OF HAVING- NOPIINCF ITD ,1D0j'0NCI5 om TUUIQESIIE HAD PEEPED !AI7U THE Book H511 515' Tea was R54-DING-JB LIT ITHHJD NO PICTURES UKCOMUEIZ' Snhon IN nj QAND IMHAT I5 TI-IE USE GFA 13ooR, 77I00eIfffILIcfZ 'Zu177IouT WCTURE5 QR QOMUERSAUUQS ? 50 ASNE IAIAS CLOAISIDERING IM HEROOAN IQIMD Q45 NEIL A S 5145 Loom, FOR WE HQTZDIAYIYIQDEHER FEEIX VERY SLEEP Y AND STOPI.Dj 6dflE77iEK77IE PLEASURE OFIYIHKING-A .PAIS Y CHAIN woum zaaworam 'Tm-:TraouBLz 0 FGETVIN6- u P HN D PICKINCY THE DA ISIES, WHEN sunom WA voH1TI: KABBITWFFII PINK EYES WIN CLOSE 377-0 HER- WERE wf-I5 ,voTHII05- So Maggy REMAIWWBLE IN THATJI NOK JJIDALIU-: THINI4 mio KZIXVIUCH OUTQFWE MAY TDHDIR 77,15 mggrrsfw To ITSEI-E OIiDEARf OH DEHR 1 I SHA!! BE 7-O9 I,qT5g.I 1I0Hm gag THOUGHTITOUEK AFFERNARD IT oc'- QJREDTO HER THATSHE 0064-ITTO Hfrvv: 06oNDEf2EDAT TFI15 BGTATTHEUME ITAII sE:E.mE.D Qu ITE NATURALQJ BQTIQHLN THE RABB ITAC'-TUAIIYTOOK A NATQH 0 UTOF ITS NH ISTCOAT POCKEIQ HND LQOKEDAT nj AMD THEN HURRIED om, ALICE' STARTED 76 HER 'FEETZ F014 I'V?LASHEDAcKoss HERMIND T-IIQT snr: HADNEVEK sms A mean- wrm E177-IEK A we I srf- CQAT 9051451042 ,q w,qTc:H 'ID 'Z79KE OQTOF IKHNQ BVRNIAIG- mmf cumosmg SHE RAN ACKQSS FII.-: I-'few AFTER WAND WH-5 JUSTIN 'l7IY1E'I'?J SEE' ITFDPQDOCDNH LHRG-5 RHBBITHOLEUMDER THE HED6-E. IN fmSoTHErqmomEImTtDoaw mf-:NTALIcEfIFTEI? ICNEUEK oNcEc:omg1DERImcfHouo IN THE WORLD SHE wfIS'I'66ET00'Vf1GH'N. 'VHE f69Bl3fFIIOLI-L mmf gmfaggzfr om LI KEA TUMNELFDR SOME may HNDTHENDIPQED soon-mu mm, So awww THATnucerIIIa1mciV AmomEmTToTHmH HBOGF SRJPPIN6- Hexseu-' BEFORE? SHE FOUND HERSELF 'FHlliNG- .DOWN UQHATSEEMED To BE by A 1,f l ,-,, A VERY DEEP UOEI I The Yearbook Ib Dead THEEACT I5,fL!KE :ron NOT: ws HAVE OUTLIUED ITT ITQDIED SOME WHERE 131:TwEf:N BOBBY Sox AND VIETNAM, .SOMELQNERE BETWEEN Booz:-3 AND DOP:-3 SOMELUHE RE BETUUEEN GUY LDMBH RDO AND THE. BEATLES IT DIED SOMEUME BETWEEN THOSE mvs UUHEN CQIIEGE UFE :NHS r-'uu.oF Ren-Rana Pom-Poms eoowx-Booms,cm ss meg Pmom s,feNo FRESHMHN BBQNIES.. . somevmez BETJUEEN ' 7905152 DAYS AND Ndw. PRODUCING-A Ymmaoon WEN um 5. A PAIRLY Rommg WSK--- ORGHNIZE URGHN I ZE' ORC-ANIZE oRGANlzE ORGANILE ORGHNIZE PHURDG-RAPH PA STE PRINT ,J fx,- ! ' f 4 E - X V 1' H1 f AND SELLIT TD THEM CLASS SECUON THE CLUB62 THE GREEKS, We ACADEXVIQ GRGANIZAW oN S, mm Au. mem, THEM UQ Ev:-:Krona wA5 cznrfum Rv NHNTQNE Baceosf THEY WERE IN rr R1G'HT?fWD1T1EN mens www sem BIG-ANNUAL. .swvmcf ' QQRTX So you COULD +711 UP 7F15 MLP-mlm QR 50 p,,6.E5 1.. ' H 1 '- gxovuzf-:D 1?RAuTocff2APHsyw1TH oueu.w1sm-is Won QL-ASS UMS HND Besror Lvcgx 'IZJAG-IZEQTGUY... 'WELL' ,1- USEDWU UJQRK THAT wax .mom 'T lT? LUELLJYIHYBE I T DID UOORK THEN, WHENEVQQ THEN M51 AND NHENEVER A COLLEGE-'CLASS N195 A CLOSED' KNITG-ROUP NHIU-1 5H,qRED - FOUR YDSRS oFcommoN EXPERIENCES, cummcgxn BY wg Arltwwoon on EVENFNG- IN TUNE wH6N Eveavomet Snowmen up V0RffRHDUH1T0N---121crEmER--- BECAUSE You HAD 'Ib Bermeraz 'ro C-ar me DEGREE .... T7lATTcoHcEPT' oFA'SENLoR cLAss L.moLcweER VALIDIA1 ma. THE PHRTICULAR SENSE QFATTAEHML-:HT THAT' LLLAS oHc,E FELTAMON6- GRADUATTHG- SENLoRS IS No LONGER HERE. 'THERE ARE SIMPLY TGOTMANY OF us TD ENTOY 'IT-IHT SENSE or-' CAMARADERLE..DuRnNCf OUR :NES BT S.m.o., NEITHER THE SENIOR CLASS NGK THESTUDENT BODY LLLLLLEVER HSSEITIBLED ON ANY ONE OCCH SION.-- lUE'LLNEVER GETTTE-ETHER TOAHEND CONCERTS, PLAYS ORBQLL QAM ES OR ATTEND COMMEM CEMEAI T EXEELSES --- TUG-ETHER. wE WILL PROBABLY NEVER 'G-ET-l71TO6'ETHER Tv .DOAMYTHIMG-'- TOGETHER, BECAUSE THERE ARE Too MAMY OF USLOASEQUEHTDC THE COLLEGE YEFREOOK THAT ATTEMPTS Tb APPE74 LTD ANY SPECIFIC ELEMENT WFIHLM TTIELWNERSLTY, ORATRATJHT ONAL ASSoQLmToN OF ELUVTEATIS, SUCH AS A SERHQR CLASS, THE' GREJEKS OR THE CLUB SYSTEMJ I5 HOKEY A COMMA i PERIOD E PERIOD comm CoNTRLvED. THE SCQPE OF SLLQH A PQBLLCAUQH IS mum Too NARROW To APPEHLTO THE LLHNERSITY AT LARE-E,AND CHNCHT BE SD ENTO7' omw LIMITED SUQQESS. ' A f A T1 A A in A 'A X i' Lv A A T. Z - ' , , 3 , b gg' .. A Qfxx fl T . -f,' 4 ' 1 ! .K E H LETL L ' T A -.. f 4 f2 'iX'1 ' ' 5 Q . '-1 A: .aff Q fa 'IT-IERFOR E, we HAVE BURIED 1HATAPPROAcH.ovE FEELWAT THE ufvfverzssw NEEDS AND wANTs A PLSBLIONUON THA'Tw1L1. awe 05 A 13RoAD LOOK HT ouRSE1.ves AS A commumw- wE HAVE TAKEN 'THIS APPROACH nu THE 16:72 3CR'fV15HAWAL7'H0U5 f ITISA BRQAD vuiuq ITIS BYNOMQANS A BUPERHCIALONE. Oo!-IAT we HAve' A7T5mm'50 To Do ISTO TJUCI-I Some GF 7PE womnewz SURRGUNDING- us THECONCEPT om COLLEGE A 5 A Dz.AvcsRouMn 1s HERE, NON. A uvmg. czommuzvfw wHE:RE HLL U FE IS' BROUGHT :NTD SERvoo5 PLAY NGTCNCJZEIE You TTGHTTO CTETIMTO JUST PD FIG-H T YOUR wAY QUT HERE THEM is A STORY oFAN EXPERIMENT IN DLAYI' T now' A G.c+ARnNeR 7 SOON HER aye Hsu om A mm-: GLASS Box THAT was wma. UNDEKTHE 'U Blf-'NEOPCNE0 'IZ HND Foombm me vgrgy Smnn CAKE ON wmcu THE woRDS EnTmr: waRc Bmunrwgy MARKED IN cuRRENTSf'wE11,J 11',sqT11j SA1Dnz.1q5j mm 9 IF ITMAKES ME Gkouu LARGER, Tom REACH 7746 KEWHND IF l77fMKE5 NIE C-Row SlYIAllER,I'CAN CLREEPUAWER THE 83 E177-IEK WHY T71 GETINTO 'THE G19R'DEAI',91QDJf1D0M 1 CARE WHICH HAPPENSAP' Sue: ATE A urru-zxanjfmn SA1ormxawS1.yTo nerqsauf 'wfffflff WW ? IMHICH wAY? Howmcf HER HAND oNT4e76P OFHER HEAD 'Ib 'FEEL ww uf wAY1TwAS cfziowfmq ,mo SHE UAASQUITE SoRPRuSCD TO HMDSTHAT SHE REMAIMED 'WE SME Suze, 'rose SoRe:,THf S u S mnamwemzzymnfavs MEN ONCEATS CAKES BUTHLJ QE HAD cdr So Much'1MTo7F4E WHY OV EXPECWN6- NOTH We 367' ouT-or-'me may 'WINGS 'Ib HAPPEN THATITSEEMED Quilt' Dull fm D STQPID I-'ora UFC 7660 ON 'N WE common wav. 50 SHE SET'Vf1U'X0RK,AND XIERY SOOAI FINISHED OFF THE CAKE S S S Liwuscnmzpu. x FN K N N 5Hli'I There IS al avs 'Bere When u get There. 1' 9' 5' qr , N - - V-. ,y if ,S pwm. ,w, v '-uv -'Q' I ii J V U ' I I ' , . ' ' I - 'l . I ' , X- , , n f - - ' - ', - 1 - ,g - 3 Ga- 0 4 - - ' - ' P - ' -I, ' ,-j, 1 1 3 3 ,iv fi 5 - L. .L A 1 , 5.-, ,wg Y - A -4 V- g-.... r I L ' 5 ' ' Z A 'I fm by JJ: 4 JFIHAD BEEN Aww SHED AT HRSTCATCLHIMG A GLIM PSE OF50 OUTLAMDISH AN IASDIULDUAL AS QUEEQUCG Cf RCUMWNU AMW 5' 7-Hg PQUTI-1 SOQQTY GFA CIVIUZEID 'I5uolU,TFIATASlOM15HMCNT 500m DEPARTED umm 'DQKIMG MY FW RSTDAYUGHTSUZUII THROUGH 7116 STRQCES o F Mew Benromb. IN TI-lOl?OU6HF4K55 NIGH 'WE TIDOCKSANY COAISIDERABLE 554'- rorzr mug mgqaaeu my OFFEKTO V1e'w'I'HE5l0EeReSl'LooK1Alo NGN' nescmrs mom ro KEIGN WRTS- EVEN IN 13ROQD6uHYf4NDC34EST' Nur Smeem, MEDITERKEAM XVMRIMERS wr CL.5D'7lE77'ME5 U5STLE 77.15-,qpp12W7-gp LA13155. 121-:cc-1T STREET IS MOTCNKNOI-UU 'VO M1509 RS AAU? m,qLA ygf AND AT BOIVXBH X IM 77'7CHFULCQ6:1355Nf we YAN 14555 HAVQQWEN an-wen 'me Nfrnum. zsmnew :BED- maos sem Acuwmz S17zeeTAMDovAPP1NG. TN THESE LAST MQXWQQED HAQNTS you SEZTQULY SQILORSX BUTIN NELQ BED'- :rom Ac:ruAz, mmm: BHLS 5'I7lAlD CWAWMG ATSIPEETCORNEKSJ SQVAGES MAN yETCARKY ON'7T'IEl K BONES UN' 1-101.y FLEQSH . ITMAKES A STRHASGEK 5'174RE. px 1 H., 9. 42:52 s Na? .N Q api.. . , , ,M ,. I, 1,5 ,1 , I +'f'.n f'.1 V , . '. . -f L,-7 ,. . , ' 'A ' 1 , 1 . 1. J A BOT 'IFIINK NOTTHATUHI5 FAMOO5 'bww HHSONLY HAR- POOMEERS, CAMN1BALS,AND BLSMPKIMS 'IO 5H0lO UISFIORS. NOTATALLSULL. MELOBEDFORD I5 A QU!-:ER PLACE I-IAD IT NOTBEEN FOR Us unHALEfYEM,7F1ATT72Ail'o1-'LA:uDa1oOc1YWlc 5 DAY PCRHAPS HAUC BEEN IMA6 H0wUMGClcwD177OU A5 THE' COAST 0FL,413l2ADorq.,Qs z7'15, IAKrS OF HER BACK COUNTRY ARC ENOUOH 70 F1216-HTEM ONCTHEYLGOLSO Bom 7FE7Z5wN ITSGLF I5 AFERHAPS THE DUIREST DCAQC TO UUCIM, nu ALL New GMOLAMD. IT I5 A LAND oFO1L,772OE G.'M0OOf-l:z3OTA1aT 41146 CANAA N514 LAND, ALSO, OFCORM AMD wwE.7PE 57726275 Do AUT new M174 mzug AORN 'l7iESPf3!MGfl7ME DOTHEY PAvC 'mem WITH FQCSH 566-5. YET IN 59112: or 71115, NO - UOHERE :M ALL, AMERICA WILL. You FND MORE MUQOAM- LIKE HOOSEL' PARKS AND G-HBDEIN5 MORCOPOLQMTTMM IN NHMBEDFOW. UUHENCE cami T7-IEY P How TJLAMTQD UPON 'KT-IIS ONCE SCRAGG-Y SCOKIA OFA CGUNT-RY Y , , V - -km-QW , . 'aigifuyilfzi' , 'Q ' gf5f'2-'R '4'1!'1?- QT ' ix fri. shiesflgx. -Fix.. V x 1? -.- -ig-,zzv vL::'i GO ANDGAZEUPONTHE 1 Rom emoLEMf111cfu. Hfaxfoom 5 RXJMD yoMDER 1.oFI'Y fVMAws1oAl,fJMD Youlz QUESTION wzun 165 Answmen, yas ALLYHCSE Bowie Hou sas ,emu mommy Gfmoeus mme: ROM meATmAmc:,91c1f1c,A,uD INDIAN oceans we AND ALL, mem' wares HAKRJGMED ,mu mnoeezu UP HI 711512 FRoMTHE.13o7K9M QFTHE saqcnm Haag ALEXAMDER PEIRFORM A refs-r Luca Tm? 1ue1uz5enF0nQ mmens.-mrey sfaxefuc-: wfmaes mmm- Era: fzzfmerrc 13fwGH'rerc5,fm19 mrmolu QFF mem mneoes wmv A Few QKPOISES H-PIECE. You MUSTGO 76 Mew BED Fbzzvw 555 A BKilIif1NT MCDDIM6-1 IZURIWEY SHXWEYHAUC R-.'-ISERUGIRS or ofa. IM EUCRY House, AND Euezzv MIGHT necmessw zsurzfu warg LENGTHS :M SDERMAQEW mmbces. .415 . I SUMMER 77mE,7HC'rmw IS SlNEE l 7?J sea FULLOF' me KVIAPLES -LOMC,-AXIENUE5' QVC-REENAND GOLD. AND no AUGQ ST, H1614 IN Aug we B64 uwruc AND z3ovAmruL hUfqSE-CHESYNUTS, OQNDELH F3Rf4-001562 'PROPFER 77-IE TDQQSER-73Y 7?-IEIR 77lPERlM6- UPKIGH T COMES OFCOM GIZEQNED BLO 560445. 50 OMMIPOTEAJT IS HRT,f WHICJ1'!A8 mmm D1sTRzQmFfuew Benz-mn H1-as SUPETUMDLSCED BRIGHT Te:1zwoFFLowe125 upon mceamezu RCFUSE Poco 'mf?0WN Asme ATCR64 77 0A8'S PAW. D'-BY AND 'IHC IMOMEJU CFNEIA BEDFOIQDXIHEY E:llXWI LIKE 'IIIEIK own RCD Roses. BUT Rosesvvof BLCIWI IA! 60lYWIE1Q,'6UHE7'4575 TI-IE FINE CfIRAIfITIoIXI OF'I7I67ri QHCEK5 I5 PEREAJAIIAI. A551-KI'- LIGHT INTHESevEIvY7I HUIUEALS. ELSEXUHERE fmTCI1I THAT BCOOM OF UIEIRS, YE CAAIIUOI-GGUEIM SHLEYYI, wHERE'I7v'EY TELL ME' 'U-IE VOUMG GIRLS BREA'I'I-IE Sum MUSK, 'IHEIIQ SHILDR BUUEICT- HCARTS SfYIEU.fU'lE!Vl MILES UPF SHORCASWIOUGII TIIEY WERE- DRAWING- NIGH IHC 013012005 MOLOCCAS IMSTUID GF THE' PUR! 'HWC SHNDS' HERMAM nag-IIIIL Webb' DICK I , . f A ,r, 1 1 :Lk 'fn f , . - .-14 V' 1 A yi .ufwv ' f in 14 ' . f I fd 1 .A f 1 4 f 1 - , ' Y - . -. :vig ,V 'fluff F, K S, . gm' :X A V ,QQ -if -' 'f,f.':-f'z!ls f ' ffl-,I wt. iw, -P-Q 'J L - 7 . 7 1 1 '. 9 . , -Q-A Ha' -o - A- W .Q f ' j.'2+:'ff . 1.- 'V .5 I -Q, 7,1-il f -' f5.,,ff.9'fYr H f Q ' ' ' .f ,,,-, 4 vpn M, I. -Kywkf C +A x W i H 't if my ,N f i'- ug ,l7f3N'??5fN n' . ' ' Mn ., 'v- V 1- w - v . , - an 1 .. k . .f.,f X R. qs, - 1 Wax' - - 324, Y . . 3, 'pf ' 4 ' yg 15, . i,,fB- 'W' as f f A v 'Q- 1 , . ,hum 31.--V M Qjf, ,,-M...---v -'W V 5555- .3-:saggy +733-1-i 'fi' A ' . . 'lZffgf51!'in-lyk ' -552 gffiligf' ff 5z4'Q'frz 1 V - ' .main hi.-nf' ' - N' g A I 45-uv, . EQ -, s . . M -- -F y .Y . 3 H VI- , , . , , 9' t -a 'I .,-.,.- ?,..-,q,,v.e,,,,: ,V K N 4 -.L ..', ,MA M, ,..,, -. Q NW? '1 , H -- 2. 5 f - J -- T -'A' r- , 32' ' I iz 1' Ig 1163 55:51 l x xk -1 ,Q- :jet 29.5 , up .-,. TE? .f qt: fs., , Q -1- am j 1-1 Emwww I1 plelfsune of EI .. ucATecl O O bv Nxllii' lVlay i extend my heartiest congratulations to the graduates and to their parents. In a few hours the young people seated here will be receiving their degrees. I know that this is a dream come true, and therefore I hope that you will enjoy it and savor it. Be proud of your achievements. Ivlay your parents always be proud of you and the fact that you have received a college education. lVlay I, on this occasion, be personal?lt is exactly 30 years ago this month that I received my first college degree. As I think back to 30 years ago, do you know what I would wish to be today?lVIore than anything else I would wish to be a college student again. I spent 12 years in college, at the Seminary and in graduate schools, and I must admit that in comparison to your years in college, mine were relatively dull and uninteresting. During my years in college, I worried about paying tuition and about passing the course. Later, I worried about admission to graduate school, about fulfilling the requirements for the doctorate, and about writing a doctoral thesis which would be accepted, and defending this thesis in oral examination. l submit to you that this personal experience of mine was very dull and ordinary compared to your years in college. I remember that when I was in college, I did not barricade one dean, either in or out of his office, l submit to you that this personal experience of mine was very dull and ordinary compared to your years in college. I remember that when I was in college, I did not barricade one dean, either in or out of his office, nor did I go on strike even for one day. I attended classes every day and I boycotted no professors. Neither did I march in any demonstrations and I wrote for no underground newspapers. As a matter of fact, I was never asked if I liked my professor, or whether he should be granted tenure. Never was l asked if i liked the curriculum, je ...Qty nor did I express myself regarding its relevance . Never was I asked an opinion on the President of the University. As an undergraduate I never even met the President of the University which I attended until graduation day. What fun it must have been to go to college in the years which you have spent at this University! During these years you occupied buildings and you upset records. Without any pause, you gave advice to the faculty, expressed your thoughts about the President, about the deans and the Board of Trustees. And then, you asked for amnesty for every misdeed which you performed. Who can deny that all of your activities during the years spent at this college have been exciting?But frankly, all of this has your parents, your faculty, the administration and the public perplexed, bewildered, and bedevilled. Something important has happened in your generation. I do not know whether today's students are right or wrong, but I do know that college life is fundamentally different in your time than it was in mine. What is it that has made this difference? I submit that that difference is that education has changed its role from your time to my time. Once, not so very long ago, education was looked upon as a device to bring peace of mind and peace of soul to people. Education was a means of bringing tranquility to life. Those of us who are engaged in education day in and day out have found out that this is not true education at all. Learning is not a traquilizer, nor an analgesic, nor a soother. Education, if it is anything, is an irritant, a gadfly, a spur, a dart which can make men unhappy. lt is through education that they can see the shabbiness, the pomposity, the superficiality, and the evil in this world. thank god the end. , 1:3 f .- I x ' , g, .L V I! T . . Y HQ , W, 2' ' 1 SV 'Y .m 1 :I .,.g,. V , rs' 5 is-'Z,?f'i '-1 - Af L1::1 3 3 l X. s ' 0 fi -S' ., 4 5.32 11 . .14 , I ' -5 -JI :-5, 1 72 . 4 I I 5 I1 - 5 4 M2 E H L Fix-QELTQ Engl' 1' if i5 l-7 Hs xl' YN. -SJ-' if f A I -. - U ll V , i xv 'V ' , X Q V v , , ..- Y. :fu -. L ' 52, 5 I K- m -we , l A , - A if ia Q' R L' ',x B fi! I WU 1 V '7 X- il 1 f . 71' ' Q. Ii. 5 is 3 - v w 1 , 1:51 il: Za- ' ' ' .V . I h , ig. . fpr- Q . 5g'fi 5 ff 1 3' ,iimifi I C5391 ls , 51 'i ff ...X 1 . . ,A ,. TK I-. T . 1 Zi' ' 611.5 9 P T? 3-Q3 f, 1 1' D X. .I y ,-Y-gf mf uf 5 'br .QI L I Upn' -- r. 4'-,' '. r, 'Wu ,- 's.x ,V ' r'l ' .4 vi -if ,. 'Z -, 'Aff A 3 '11 Lxi , . -.. x ...... , . 1 r ?'f ' ' 14. 1' Qfvlf Q8 ' ug 3.5.1 ', E35 -Q an L I IQ -5 12.15 sLi'l..S'fffTY .,.'f9H?10un HA S qi'-. il so lt is no accident that the cries for change, for peace, for an end to poverty, for justice, for ethical behavior, come from young men and women who are in college and who are being educated. These are the intelligent, the informed, the bright and the learned who are shouting about creative progress that ought to be launched. America is in the tho throes of a revolution, for education is no longer merely a pass to the quiet, contemplative, serene existence. Education is now an opening to feel all that hurts, an opportunity to hear all that cries out in pain, to see all that is unjust, unkind and unfair in our lives and in the life of our society. To be learned means to have acquired a deep sensitivity: to be educated means to be irriatated, so that you cannot rest while evil abides. Education is no longer a pleasureg it is a displeasure. And I say, thank God that it is so! Now, let us understand. Every generation is unhappy with the generation that has preceded it as well as with the generation that follows it. Someowne once said, that the definition of America is a society in which people do things that the father doesn't like and the grandfather doesn't understand. e..v'Ti:T.- N .-- ,.,.,,..,,V e.,,. WW You, who have been educated, have been unnerving us. We worry desperately that in creating a new world, which so badly needs to be created, you might, inadvertantly, bring the old world in ashes down upon our heads. The displeasure which your education has brought you is real. We only ask that this displeasure, because of its source is learning and knowledge, become creative. Because of your schooling, you have learned that the mark of an educated person is that he need not conform, that he need not agree, that he has the right to object. But it is also the mark of an educated person, that the non-conformity of his life, that the non-agreement of his ideas, that the objections that he haf to what is wrong, - that all these be civilized, for otherwise we stand in danger that the cure will be worse than the disease. ' Your education has brought you displeasure. You are the first generation to have gone to school and to have reached maturity in the Nuclear Age. You are the first generation in all of history that has been threatened by actual total total annihilation. Youre sensitive to the great danger that it is possible that the world will end not with a whimper, but might end with a bang. Because you have an education, you are bewildered by the modern politics. You have been told that in order to achieve more security in our land, in order to have more peace, we must have more arms and more war. How do you bring peace?The answer is by bombing more people. We live in peculiar times. Do you realize that almost 80 billion dollars a year of our national budget is used for war material which is non-productive? Blacks and whites stew in misery in ghettos throughout the cities of America, children hinger in Tennessee, teachers beg for a living wage, and a baseball player gets twice the salary of a Supreme Court Justice! And so you young people, educated, learned, sensitive utter a profound cry: What kind of a world is thisNVe teeter on an edge of oblivion, and old fashioned politics and diplomacy in Washington, Paris, Peking and lVloscow go on just as if nothing happened. The old world is no goodp and a new world may never come into being. Education has brought displeasure for yet another reason. You have looked about you and you have begun to suspect that the individual means less and less in the society in which we live. OUrs is the generation which lives bv the number system . Each of us has a Social Security Number, all diget dialing on our telephones, a zip code is added to our addresses, and the computer cards at the Universities spew out the courses and the identity of studesnts, lf this is so, does it not mean that nobody cares about me, me as an individual. I am not heard. FC!!-' -.i Patience, frugality, hard work, discipline, all these old virtues, what sense do they make in the age of the computer?ln the age of punched cards?ln the age wherewe hear nightly the body count of those who have been maimed and killed in a far away land. And so, your education has brought you displeasure. Instead of a world where you, as an individual counts, you have had to conclude that let's get the most out of this world, while it is still here . Once you were convinced that the family was the very basic unit of civilization. Marriage was a Sacrament, and the family was holy, But your education has brought you the awareness, and therefore the displeasure, of finding out that our parents have clay feet. lVly father does not know everything, and he is not a paragon of virtue. l-le can become livid with anger when he reads that papers have been stolen from the university file, or that students submit academic papers which were not written by them. But my father also enjoys it when a government ager cy leaks a tidbit to the press. lVly mother is not lily-pure. So, thank mother and father for bearing me, for feeding me, for educating me, but why must I respect them?Why must I listen to them?As a matter of fact, don't trust anyone over thirty. Sex no longer dictates having children, it is only an experience, a thrill, - so why not just enjoy it?People are no longer people, they are but things or oniects. Get from them what you can, then discard them. An education has liberated you, but it has also brought distress, and displeasure. ? I - 1 I -Adu., f X f ---xx mmm this Aims-M... W .f Ha.. Qi . 5 s Y . V ' 4' ' 1 2 5 ,A 2 , 4 . ,Ami Jflf ' -. ' t v rife . ' ' ' . ' ' '. 1 sxfiial 1 ,Q 33 . -sa 1 Your education has brought you displeasure, even in the fields of knowledge and education themselves. Once an education was meant to broaden the mind - the liberal education . Greek and Latin were to give us vistas of civilization and culture which are the foundations of our heritage, science was looked upon as a necessarydispleasure of thought, literature was to make us contemporary with all the great minds of history, and music and art were exalted interpretations of the human experience. But today it is hammered upon us from every direction, that a good education is one that is relevant and vocational. What is an education for?For abetter job, a better living, more prestige, and a Ph.D. is but a passport to academe. But remember, your education has also taught you that which is instantly relevant, is also instantly obsolete. The education explosion has taught you something that brings you further displeasure. Because of your education, it is easy for you to detect sham, to detect teaches who do not read and do not know. You are now displeased that there are schools where intellectualism is deprecated, that there are governments that are run by opportunists and incompetents. To know all of this, to feel all of this, is one of the dspleasures of being learned. Education has brought you displeasure even in the field of the holy of holies - in religion itself! Today, there is a gerater forment going on in religion than ever before. There is the strain of making religion relevant . You know now, that religion which is based on mythology, that religion which fails to take a count of the new truths that come to us from the physical, social and behaviorial sciences is a false religion. The old categories of secular and religious do not means the same as they did in previous generations. In the 1970's religion is still clothes inobsolete forms: Catholicism has kept the structure of medieval Rome, Protestantism is structured according to the 18th century rural America, and Judaism reflects 19th century Eastern Europe. Being an educated person, you demand competence and authenticity even in religion. THe priest, the minister, the rabbi, no longer have any special status except by their competence, and such comptence has nothing to do with their popularity, with folk-masses or with guitar playing. Education brings a perplexity which makes you look at the Curch and Synagogue and ask, are they just meseums?Are they just quaint?Or most importantly, do they have meaning for our lives? But now that we have spoken of some of the displeasure of being educated, what shall we do about it?How shallwe, educated people with university degrees, act?Shall we shout, demonstrate, cry in the wind, shake the gates of heaven, hurl obscentities from campus to campus?Are not all of these simply exercises in futillity?lf education brings displeasure, remeber, it also brings sensitivity. As we have learned there are ephemeral values and stupidities in this world, we have also learned that there are eternal and meaningful values. Your college degree tells you that there may be evil in this world, but that it is goodness that counts. That men mey lie, but honesty is redemptive. That men may kill, but reverence forlife redeems our souls. That we may be hypocrites but that our salvation lies in the truth. To be educated means to strain one's soul to live by eternal values. To be educated means seeing the world in its stark, harsh reality, but it also means seeing the owrld in its infinite hopefulnessm A university degree must mean ththough we know that human beings can be beasts, that they can also be little lower than the angels . You have leanred that the universe is immense and that therefore people are infinitesimal specks in the cosmos, but that it is man that looks through the telescope and through the microsNo chimpanzee sitting at a typewriter ever wrote Hamlet, no monkey, sitting at a keyboard, ever wrote Beethoven's 9th Symphony. Education also tells us that within the human being there is a mind and a heart - a mind and a heart that have within them kindness and goodness, hopefulness and reverence, creativity and beauty, sweetness and light. Q 4931 if V X A ff' i .x bl .JI l Xi 'li he Q may , v I i-pf,f x if X fn .4 yi' ' ., 1 N , . , V fi, 1-J Vzir, , I 4 V7 . .sen ,V 1, . 'J V , s. -is 'fm' I li l .ifvf - , il as , ' 1 ,. . .Q d-- A l l li 4' .J ff ,ry . :iw S l Your education tells you that each ot us, as achild of God has petentialities. The good that is within you, and you must have some good for otherwise your education would not bring you displeasure, that the good can bring out the good in others. Your helpfulness can make other virtuoursp your reverence can charm a worldg your loyalty can make a friendg your sensitivity can make others aware of the finer aspects of life. This then, is the meaning of an education: a sharpened sensitivity to a world gone mad and a deeper understanding that -its sanity depends upon each of us. LX ,M ,V N V , 'Qu 5 1 . Z A v,'.' ' , ,ig if ' l A Q s E l ucs, 5 so .J As a relgious person, l tell you that there is another name for all of this. This is God functioning within us. God is that tension that we feel between that which is and that which ought to be. Our education then, is a gift of God, with all its sensitivity, with all its displeasure, but also with all its hopefulness. For we say, that in spite of it all, a new day can come along, a day in which we will be able to see light in the darkness, to see goodness where there is evil, to see peace where there is war, to see plenty where there is hunger, to see a future where it seems as if there is no present. 4 . I , 'Q' N, sg Tiilll' -Q' V040 ' X ' VMU .4- 3 an L-'i-K l i l l l 5: l i l l if iiii 'wY i l l l l l l l l i l 1 l Y .ww M' -vn- - - rf lf then, there are displeasures of an education, there are also pleasures of an education. This is God lifting each one of us and making us His Children, to d His will on His earth. May God bless each of you as you take your degrees. l beg of you, due to your education, due to your sensitivity, due to displeasures that it' hasbrought you and the hopefulness that is built into an education, build a life, build a world, for, who else shall do it, - but you? .- Si ' fax U U PH ' T -git' N N xx .z .........-W--M W- xx ' '----1--- -A X ' 1, N ,,.,,,,,.., .....-. .- MII V lv It is obviously impossible to explain in detail how Karel Weissman arrived at his 'philosophy of history'.' It was the result of a lifetime of work. But I can at least outline the conclusions he reached in his Historical Reflections. The most remarkable faculty of mankind, says Weissman, is its power of self-renewal, or of creation. The simplest example is the kind of renewal that occurs when a man sleeps. A tired man is a man already in the grip of death and insanity. One of Weissman's most striking theories is his identification of insanity with sleep. A sane man is a man who is fully awake. As he grows tired, he loses his ability to rise above dreams and delusions, and life becomes steadily more chaotic. Now Karel Weissman was a psychologist, not a historian. And the field in which he made a living was in industrial psychology. In the Historical Reflections. he writes: Now Weissman argues that this faculty of creation or self-renewal is abundantly obvious in European man from the Renaissance to the eighteenth century. In this period, human history is full of cruelty and horror, and yet man can throw it off as easily as a tired child can sleep off its fatigue. The English Elizabethan period is usually cited as la golden age becuase of its creativity: but anyone who studies it closely is horrified by its callousness and brutality. Men are totured and burnt alive: Jews have their ears cut off: children are beaten to death or allowed to die in incredibly filthy slums. Yet so enormous is man's optimism and power of self-renewal that the chaos only stimulates him to new efforts. Great age follows great age: the age of Leonardo, the age of Rabelais, the age of Chaucer, the age of Shakespeare, the age of Newton, the age of Johnson, the age of Mozart . . . Nothing is more obvious than that man is a god who will overcome every obstacle. And then a strange change comes over the human race.lt happens towards the end of the eighteenth century. The tremendous, bubbling creativity of Mozart is counterbalanced by the nightmare cruelty of De Sade. And suddenly, we are in an age of darkness, an age where men of genius no longer create like gods. Instead, they struggle as if in the grip of an invisible octopus. The century of suicide begins. In fact, modern history begins, the age of defeat and neurosis. But why did it all happen so suddenly?The industrial revolution? But the industrial revolution did not happen overnight, and neither did it affect a large area of Europe. Europe remained a land of woods and farms. How, asked Weissman, can we explain the immense difference between the genius of the eighteenth century and that of the nineteenth, except by surmising that some invisible yet cataclysmic change came over the human race in about the year 18003-low can the industrial revolution explain the total dissimilarity between Mozart and Beethoven -- the latter a mere fourteen years Mozart's junior?Why do we enter a century in which half the men of genius committed suicide or died of tuberculosis?Spengler says that civilizations grow old like plants, but this is asudden leap from youth to old age. An immense pessimism descends on the human race, which is reflected in its art, its music, its literature. lt is not enough to say that man has suddenly grown up. What is far more important is that he seems to have lost his power of self-renewal. Can we think of a single great man of the eighteenth century who committed suicide?And yet their lives were just as hard as those of the nineteenth century. The new man has lost faith in life, he has lost faith in knowledge. Modern man agrees with Faust: that when all is said and done, we can know nothing. 'A detailed examination will be found in the three volumes of Max Viebig's' Philosophy of Karel Weissman. Northwestern University, 2015, It was in 1990 that l entered the field of industrial psychology as the assistant of Professor Ames at Trans-world Cosmetics. I immediately discovered a curious and nightmarish situation. l knew, of course, that 'industrial neurosis' had become a serious matter -- so much so that special industrial courts had been set up to deal with offenders who sabotaged machinery or killed or injured workmates. But only a few people were aware of the sheer size of the problem. The murder rate in large factories and similar conerns had increased to twice that ofthe rest of the population. ln one cigarette factory in America, eight foremen and two high executives were killed in the course of a single year: in seven of these cases, the murderer committed suicide immediately after the attack. The industrial Plastics Corporation of lceland had decided to try the experiment of an 'open air' factory, spread over many acres, so that the workers had no sense of overcrowding or confinement: energy fields were used instead of walls. At first, the experiment was highly successful: but within two years, the factory's rate of industrial crime and neurosis had risen to equal the national average. These figures never reached the national press. Psychologists reasoned -- correctly -- that to publicize them would make things worse. They reasoned that it would be best to treat each case as one would an outbreak of fire that must be isolated. The more I considered this problem, the more l felt that we had no real idea of its cause. My colleagues were frankly defeated by it, as Dr. Ames admitted to me during my first week at Trans-world Cosmetics. He said that it was difficult to get to the root of the problem, because it seemed to have so many roots -- the population explosion, overcrowding in cities, the individual's feeling of insignificance and increasing sense of living in a vacuum, the lack of adventure in modern life, collapse of religion . . . and so on. He said he wasn't sure that industry wasn't treating the problem in entirely. the wrong way. It was spending more money on psychiatrists, on improving working conditions --in short, in making the workers feel like patients. But since our living depended on this mistake, it was hardly up to us to suggest a change. And so I turned to history to find my answers. And the answers, when I found them, made me feel like suicide. For, according to history all this was completely inevitable. Civilization was getting top heavy: it was bound to fall over. Yet the one thing this conclusion failed to take into account was the human power of self-renewal. By the same reasoning, Mozart was bound to commit suicide because his life was so miserable. But he didn't. What was destroying the human power of self-renewal? l cannot explain quite how I came to believe that there might be a single cause. lt was something dawned on me slowly, over many years. lt was simply that I came to feel increasingly strongly that the figures for industrial crime were out of all proportion to the so-called 'historical causes'. lt was as if l were the head of a firm who begins to feel instinctively that his accountant is cooking the books, although he has no idea how it is being done. And then, one day, l began to suspect the existence of the mind vampires. And from then on, everything confirmed my guess. lt happened first when I was considering the use of mescalin and lysergic acid for curing industrial neurosis. Fundamentally, of course, the effect of these drugs is no different from that of alcohol or tobacco: they have the effect of unwinding us. A man who is overworked has got himself into a habit of tension, and he cannot break the habit by merely willing. A glass of whisky or a cigarette will reach down into his motor levels and release the tension. I But man has far deeper habits than overwork. Through millions of years of evolution, he has developed all kinds of habits for survival. If any of these habits get out of control, the result is mental illness. For example, man has a habit of being prepared for enemies: but if he allows it to dominate his lie, he becomes a paranoiac. One of man's deepest habits is keeping alert for dangers and difficulties, refusing to allow himself to explore his own mind because he daren't take his eyes off the world around him. Another one, with the same cuase, One of man's deepest habits is keeping alert for dangers and difficulties, refusing to allow himself to explore his own mind because he daren't take his eyes of the world around him. Another one, with the same cause, is his refusal to notice beauty, because he prefers to concentrate on practicl problems. These habits are so deeply ingrained that alcohol and tobacco cannot reach them. But mescalin can. It can reach down to man's most atavistic levels, and release the automatic tensions that make him a slave to his own boredom and to the world around him. Now I must confess that I was inclined to blame these atavistic habits for the problem of the world suicide rate and the industrial crime rate. Man has to learn to relax, or he becomes overwrought and dagerous. He must learn to contact his own deepest levels in order to re-energize his consciousness. So it seemed to me that drugs of the mescalin group might provide the answer. So far, the use of these drugs had been avoided in industrial psychology, for an obvious reason: mescalin relaxes a man to a point .where work becomes impossible. He wants to do nothing but contemplate the beauty of the world and the mysteries of his own mind. . ,-3 , js s. I felt that there was no reason to reach this limit. A tiny quanityof mescalin, admisistered in the right way, might release a man's creative forces without plunging him into a stupor. After all, man's ancestors of two thousand years ago were almost clour-blind because they were in a subconscous habit of ignoring colour. Life was so difficult and dangerous that they couIdn't afford to notice it. Yet modern man has succeeded in losing this old habit of colour-blindness without losing any of his drive and vitality. It is all a matter of balance. And so I inaugurated a series of experiments with drugs of the mescalin group. And my first results were so alarming that my engagement with Trans-world Cosmetics was terminated abruptly. Five out of my ten subjects committed suicide within days. Another two had a total mental collapse that drove them into a madhouse. I was baffled. I had experimented with mescalin on myself in my university days, but I found the results uninteresting. A mescalin holiday is all very pleasant, but it all depends whether you enjoy holidays. I do notp I find work too interesting. But 'my results made me decide to try it again. I took half a gram. The result was so horrifying that I still perspire when I think about it. At first, there were the usual pleasant effects -- areas of light swelling gently and revolving. Then an immense sense of peace and calm, a glimpse of the Buddhist nirvana, a beautiful and gentle contemplation of the universe that was at once detached and infinitely involved. After about an hour of this, I roused myself from it, I was obviously not discovering what had caused the suicides. Now I attempted to turn my attention inward, to observe the exact state of my perceptions and emotions. The result was baffling. It was as if I was trying to look through a telescope, and someone was deliberately placing his hand over the other end of it. Every attempt at self-observation failed. And then with a kind of violent effort, I tried to batter through this wall of darkness. And suddenly, I had a distinct feeling of something living and alien hurrying out of my sight. I am not, of course, speaking of physical sight. This was entirely a 'feeling'. But it had such an imprint of reality that for a moment I became almost insane with terror. One can run away from an obvious physical menace, but there was no running away from this, because it was inside me. For nearly a week afterwards, I was in a state of the most abject terror, and closer to insanity than I have ever been in my life. For although I was now back in the ordinary physical world, I had no feeling of safety. I felt that, in returning to everyday consciousness, I was like an ostrich burying its head -in the sand. It only meant that I was unaware of the menace. X ' '3!'hine Luckily, I was not working at the time, it would have been impossible. And about a week later, I found myself thinking: Well, what are you afraid of?You've come to no harm. I immediately began to feel more cheerful. It was only a few days after this that Standard Motors and Engineering offered me the post of their chief medical officer. I accepted it, and plunged into the work of an enormous and complex organization. For a long time it left me no time for brooding or devising new experiments. And whenever my thoughts turned back to my mescalin experiments, I felt such a powerful revulsion that I always found some excuse for putting it off. Six months ago, I finally returned to the problem, this time from a slightly different angle. My friend Rupert Haddon of Princeton told me of his highly successful experiments in rehabilitating sexual criminals with the use of L.S.D. In explaining his theories, he used a great deal of the terminology of the philosopher Husserl. It immediately became obvious to me that phenomenology is only another name for the kind of self- observation I had tried to carry out under mescalin?and that when Husserl talks about 'uncovering' the structure of consciousness' he only means descending into these realms of mental habit of which I have spoken. Husserl had realized that while we have ordnance survey maps that cover every inch of our earth, we have no atlas of our mental world. Reading Husserl renewed my courage. The idea of trying mescalin again' terrified me, but phenomenology starts from ordinary consciousness. So I again began making notes about the problems of man's inner world, and the geographv, of consciousness. l A Wi. Almost at once, I became aware that certain inner-forces were resisting my researches. As soon as I began to brood on these problems, I began to experience sick headaches and feelings of nausea. Every morning, I woke up with a feeling of profound depression. I have always been a student of mathematics in an amateurish way, as well as a good chess player. I soon discovered that I felt better the moment I turned my attention to mathematics or chess. But the moment I began to think about the mind, the same depression would settle on me. My own weakness began to infuriate me. I determined that I would overcome it at all costs. So I begged two months' leave of absence from my employers. I warned my wife that I was going to be very ill. And I deliberately turned my mind to these problems of phenomenology. The result was exactly as I predicted. For a few days I felt tired and depressed. Then I began to experience headaches and nerve pains. Then I vomited up everything I ate. I took to my bed, and tried to use my mind to probe my own sickness, using the methods of analysis laid down by Husserl. My wife had no idea of what was wrong with me, and her anxiety made it twice as bad. It is lucky that we have no children, otherwise, I would certainly have been forced to surrender. After a fortnight, I was so exhausted that I could barely swallow a teaspoonful of milk. I made an immense effort to rally my forces, reaching down to my deepest instinctive levels. In that moment, I became aware of my enemies. It was like swimming down to the bottom of the sea and suddenly noticing that your are surrounded by sharks. I could not, of course, 'see' them in the ordinary sense, but I could feel their presence as clearly as one can feel toothache. They were down there, at a level of my being where my consciousness never penetrates. And as I tried to prevent myself from screaming with terror, the fear of a man facing inevitable destruction, I suddenly realized that I had beaten them. My own deepest life forces were rallying against them. An immense strength, that I had never known I possessed, reared up like a giant. It was far stronger than they were, and they had to retreat from it. I suddenly became aware of more of them, thousands of them: and yet I knew that they could do nothing against me. And then the realization came to me with such searing force that I felt as if I had been struck by lightning. Everything was clear, I knew everything. I knew why it was so important to them that no one should suspect their existence. Man possesses more than enough power to destroy them all. But so long as he is unaware of them, they can feed on him, like fampires, sucking away his energy. gi, .,,-Mfivit , .fgi,t.1'.1... A' , , .- ig., ., ,gr,.,..fw,.g.i,4z,5.,-, , ,.:-,-. ..4, - .-1. J- .1 . s, ,Q ak- V. 11- gi.5lI'I si weft. :fu-fx-tllfffi t 1, pad? str :ei .. i 'P .:'7v L '-1, -2, gfsli. iff. 1-Jw 1.. f. - ,wt it .'A'r'r.l.i'.I... i'-- f, ' it a,.,,,,,.,.,,. --:.i :if .Jig pm A- ,.,'4-1-, -wr w .- ., f it f. ' ,, Lui '54, ,sift 1 .vV. lip, F .1 .115 -. I 'up . Qt Q, .i . l 1.4 ,J lim., , 4 , sew., ,arf -. .1 - I if-,fu La- ,-.--if s , 3 225:42 ,s-1.':Qg,s:q'1.:'l , . v,-fs ir.-l1'Zl'J, 'u '-W gliff2.j4',1ff-fyfk. , ,. . . L, 1-, 9 1 fy-',.,fl..i',i . 1 .v..ii,.m-w J ..4. .. . l 'fluff , Q 7 '..w,,- -. ' l ..i-, , .. 'life '- Eigii I ' f. V -L-: it . - 2:-eb-3 'fl' - avg? .idx l.g45'f7rif,i ,, ,. I 51... ,5,,,,.ll ., ,...l 1 Ak 1 , . if., l,' lVly wife came into the bedroom and was astouded to find me laughing like a madman. For a moment, she thought my mind had collapsed. Then she realized that it was the laughter of sanity. I told her to go and bring me soup. And within forty-eight hours, I was back on my feet again, as healthy as ever -- in fact, healthier than I had ever been in my life. At first, I felt such an immense euphoria at my discovery that I forgot about those vampires of the mind. Then I realized that this in itself was stupid. They had an immese advantage over me, they knew my own mind far better than I did. Unless I was very careful, they could still destroy me. But for the moment, I was safe. When, later in the day, I felt the persistent, nagging attacks of depression, I turned again to that deep source of inner power, and to my optimism about the human future. Immediately the attacks ceased, and I began to roar with laughter again. It was many weeks before I could control this laughter mechanism whenever I had a skirmish with the parasites. What I had discovered was, of course, so fantastic that it could not be grasped by the unprepared mind. In fact, it was extraordinary good luck that I had not made the discovery six years earlier, when I was working for Trans-world. In the meantime, my mind had made slow and unconscious preparation for it. In the past few months, I have become steadily more convinced that it was not entirely a matter of luck. l have a feeling that there are powerful forces working on the side of humanity, although I have no idea of their nature. Q ll made a special note of this sentence. It was something l had always felt instinctivelvl. What it amounts to is this. For more than two centuries now, the human mind has been constantly a prey to these energy vampires. In a few cases, the vampires have been able completely to take over a human mind and use it for their own purposes. For example, I am almost certain that De Sade was one of these 'zombis' whose brain was entirely in the control of the vampires. The blasphemy and stupidity of his work are not, as in many cases, evidence of demonic vitality, and the proof of it is that De Sade never matured in any way, although he lived to be 74. The sole purpose of his life work is to add to the mental confusion of the human race, deliberately to distort and pervert the truth about sex. ' , Q Q H ' I ' i As soon as I understood about the mind vampires, the history of the past two hundred years became absurdly clear. Until about 1780 lwhich is roughly the date when the first full-scale invasion of mind vampires landed on earthl, most art tended to be life-enhancing, like the music of Haydn and IVlozart. After the invasion of the mind vampires, this sunny optimism became almost impossible to the artist. The mind vampires always chose the most intelligent men as their instruments, because it is ultimately the intelligent men who have the greatest influence on the human race. Very few artists have been powerful enough to hurl them off, and such men have gained a new strength in doing so -- Beethoven is clearly an example: Goethe another. And this explains precisely why it is so important for the mind vampies to keep their presence unknown, to drain man's lifeblood without his being aware of it. A man who defeats the mind vampires becomes doubly dangerous to them, for his forces of self-renewal have conquered. In such cases, the vampires probably attempt to destroy him in another way -- by trying to influence other people against him. We should remember that Beethoven's death came about because he left his sister's house after a rather curious quarrel, and drove several miles in an open cart in the rain. At all events, we notice that it is in the nineteenth century that the great artists first begin to complain that 'the world is against them'p Haydn and Mozart were well understood and appreciated by their own time. As soon as the artist dies, this neglect disappears -- the mind vampires loosen their grip on people's minds. They have more important things to attend to. In the history of art and literature since 1780, we see the results of the battle with the mind vampires. The artists who refused to preach a gospel of pessimism and life devaluation were destroyed. The lifezslanderers often lived to a ripe old age. ,lt is interesting, for example, to contrast the fate of the life-slanderer Schopenhauer with that of the life-affirmer Nietzsche, or that of the sexual degenerate De Sade with that of the sexual mystic Lawrence. Ea sl 'ii I l'f,T'f,s?i,u .z'W.f- - W, 4 Qt Apart from these obvious facts, l have not succeeded in learning a great deal about the mind vampires. I am inclined to suspect that, in small numbers, they have always been present on earth. Possibly the Christian idea of the devil arises from some obscure intuition of the part they had played in human history: how their role is to take over a man's mind, and to cause him to become an enemy of life and of the human race. But it would be a mistake to blame the vampires for all the misfortunes of the human race. IVlan is an animal who is trying to evolve into a god. Many of his problems are an inevitable result of this struggle I have a theory, which l will state here for the sake of completeness. I suspect that the universe is full of races like our own, struggling to evolve. ln the early stages of its evolution, any race is mainly concerned to conquer its environment, to overcome enemies, to assure itself of food. But sooner or later, a point comes where the race has prgressed beyond this stage, and can now turn its attention inward, to the pleasures of the mind. 'lVly mind to me a kingdom is', said Sir Edward Dyer. And when man realizes that his mind is a kingdom in the most literal sense, a great unexplored country, he has crossed the borderline that divides the animal from the god. l suspect that these mind vampires specialize in finding races who have almost reached this point of evolution, who are on the brink of achieving a new power, and then feeding on them until they have destroyed them. It is not their actual intention to destroy -- because once they have done this, they are forced to seek another host. Their intention is to feed for as long as possible on the tremendous energies generated by the evolutionary struggle. Their purpose, therefore, is to prevent man from discovering the worlds inside himself, to keep his attention directed outwards. l think there can be no possible doubt that the wars of the twentieth century are a deliberate contrivance of these vampires. Hitler, like De Sade, was almost certainly another of their 'zombis'. A completely destructive world war would not serve their purposes, but continual minor skirmishes are admirable. l Z What would man be like if he could destroy these vampires, or drive them away?The first result would certainly be a tremendous sense of mental relief, a vanishing oppression, a surge of energy and optimism. ln this first rush of energy, artistic masterpieces would be created by the dozen. Mankind would react like children who have been let out of school on the last day of term. Then man's energies would turn inward. He would take up the legacy of Husserl. llt is obviously significant that it was Hitler who was responsible for Husserl's death just as his work was on the brink of new achievementsl. He would sudenly realize that he possesses inner- powers that make the hydrogen bomb seem a mere candle. Aided, perhaps, by such drugs as mescalin, he would become, for the first time, an inhabitant of the world of mind, just as he is at present an inhabitant of earth. He would explore the countries of the mind as Livingstone and Stanley explored Africa. He would discover that he has many 'selves', and that his higher 'selves' are what his ancestors would have called gods. l have another theory, which is so absurd that l hardly dare to mention it. This is that the mind vampires are, without intending it, the instruments of some higher force. They may, of course, succeed in destroying any race that becomes their host. But if, by any chance, the race should become aware of the danger, the result is bound to be the exact opposite of what is intended. One of the chief obstacles to human evolution is man's boredom and ignorance, his tendency to drift and allow tomorrow to take care of itself. ln a certain sense, this is perhaps a greater danger to evolution -- or at least, a hindrance -- than the vampires themselves. Once a race becomes aware of these vampires, the battle is already half won. Once man has a purpose and a belief, he is almost invincible. The vampires might serve, therefore, to inoculate man against his own indifference and laziness. However, this is no more than a casual speculation . . . -k 517' I wr I 1. 5 T 1 'Kb' :n :- ' 1 I qs. E , 1'n5't ,,4rx , ,',, Q x m 'S- 1, n'.1 .Y L I 3 : ' T vw . - ' fl,-'T' Al I rs , E H 'fam 5 5' 1 Q h. fi 8 1-A.. ll 4 - fe! ey! ,gh Y -. ff, -..A ' .S ' :lf - .X --5 ' 1 F sn -V.. '31 I5 ' f- , X., .I 1 ag-El., o 1 1 ,V f I ff A ,JP g..,.i I must learn more about these creatures. While my ignorance is so complete they could destroy me. When I know something about them perhaps I shall also know how to make the human race aware of them. The part of the statement I have quoted was not of course where I began' I have selected its central passage. The Historical Reflections were actually lengthy reflections on the nature of these mind parasites and on their part in human history. The work is in the form of a diary a diary of ideas. Inevitably it is extremely repetitive. He is a man who losing it. I was struck by the fact that he was able to concentrate for such long periods. Under his circumstances I would certainly have found it harder to suppress my nervousness. But I came to believe that this was because he felt that he was now relatively safe from them. He had beaten them in the first battle and he had the elation of victory. His- main problem as he said was to get other people to believe him. Apparently he did not consider this as too urgent. He knew that if he published his findings as they stood, he would be regarded as a madman. In any case as a scientist he had the habit of trying to verify his facts and to enlarge them as far as possible before announcing them. What puzzled me -- and continues to puzzle me -- is that he did not try to confide in anybody not even in his wife. This in itself shows a peculiar state of mind. Was he so absolutely certain that he was now in no danger that he felt time no longer mattered?Or was this euphoria another trick of the parasites?Whatever happened' he went on working at his notes convinced that he was fighting a winning battle -- until the day they drove him to suicide. V Colin Wilson THE MIND PAR-ASITES is trying to hold tight on to some central insight, and who keeps on u -lr . f. I - . ' 'gal Q f ff A? Jififgl V 51545 . Q s v E at . if . ff. If I fy if '- ': fi i A I 0 I x 4 4 X 1 QC rsAfv 1,1 . 9 - '.:! - - ff-juf X fy x , , Af'f3,g.W - - 'P-' V ' I 'QR' if V V 1 1, 21 'J:.f r -V ik . . tg Q' I, ' A A1 , . A ,4.. 17- , A. A 4 ,dy r -.!,' '15 jig 4, 1 - - . . .V-S-. .. Q2 s'.32j'gfJ' 2,,..Y ', ,M-'ivso '92 1? yu ' ' v '1 -- f., -.C -45,4 ' 421 , 2 ' 6-.s 'zref -1, T1-ff f. -4' x,. J' W 'fvfff . , J-3 .. :. - A 12194 14- .-fkyif '--ff.-'57'z:1f . , ' - ,.:.-, ., 171 3-'r-'if , , . , ...:. i ,,!,v,.i,'5.l.:., H ,mkriui ,, fLQj.: , - -gf, ...fJ? ?' .. f ,. f 11655 45, ' . 5 r 420- ' A' - I , . .hgz,gf4f+1.f-f-44, f :-52,15 -A +12 'iff fwfr. ., ' , fs Zyzexiz ,. , wi., , . v --5, 14: A,.1,, ' t , 41 ' 1 .72 Q2 :EF ifivi-' 'ffl 'fi f ' VJ-r ' -.11 - ' . nf :zfrafl .' 1 - - .-. 1' -A. ,.. fi-2 u., ,x.. ,W X. N. ,. .1. U., A, 'DQ HE. .. A 'vTf3iV?Q ,, ,, 1 21 3 Tn. -W :xx U 'QB' ,qs ww :af E1 4, -'22-4 gr.3,, vw... . . .. , ,-,, 1, -ri ..l:1,...,5-5S'1gi ':- mai' 'gl--f.-an 5-'V-x',1:'24Hrf ' 1: T91 ' -. j -arc.-,, ,,.?.,, - 25' CY-'es , Q 'ba 2,1 ' 'J':J f-', i,.7 5' '-, 3' .V ,V ., JCL-r-wr '. H ' . A '.- . ,1 , ... , ,f vw. J: vffifftei ' 'PZ' ,,Lp,,,,5, S. .515 3' - xi' A-1. . 1 A- 4-r . 4 :wr af!sF..if'5 ' gi, V, , .-4 wi? : 10921- X x - 1 ' z 'H-wfi ,:-,-,g- 17- V-,f,f' 3, . L g,.5,-g'yl-QS' fe, -1.5 4-. ' X A' 'f 551.2 vf' .b -, W Eze.-1 2, -f f' fi :J W' U' . 1.9.5 ' .' ' . if '--f5.1.,.' I : V :.,'-,, ' , , , , , r -. 1 I sp,,.,, r God Blzss'Y l lt is imperative to state at the outset of this talk this evening that the remarks which are to follow express only my own opinions, insights, and evaluations, for whatever they are worth. And in the marketplace of this forum only you can judge what that worth is. But the thoughts which I will utter, the recommendations l will make and the golas which I will suggest are not intended to represent for you what should be your thoughts, nor the recommendations you should make, or the golas that you should buy. l make no pretentions that the views which l hold will, or should necessarily harmonize with yours, indeed they may even offend or possibly anger you. However, l speak as one who for the past six years has been intensely involved in the human fabric of this University, tried and tested, at times, almost beyond endurance, in the crucible of its troubled conditions. And no less than any of you, I have a deep and abiding love for SIVIU, a commitment to its future and a desire to see it grow greater -- grow greater in terms of its educational function and purpose in its institutional character and moral force, and in its influence for good upon all those whom it seeks to serve. it is my hope that what we say will serve as a stimulus to your own thinking?that as we come together this weekend in an attempt to discuss and to probe our understandings, to analyze the problems which beset our university and to treat her needs with tender diligence, we will also experience through this group process at least an occasional rendevouz with truth. lt matters not whether that truth is as profound as a dixcovery of onels own inner resources or as prosaic as the mere clarification of a concept heret Equally, it is hoped that out of the haze of all the pomposities that will surely be offered here, and the thickets of our verbalizations, we will be able also to produce a kind of unrehearsed, real life theatre of ideans -- ideans that will have about them the substance, the vitality and imagination sufficent to insprire not only us to effort and action, but also those to whom we take the message as well. To a number of you it may be unclear as to just why you are here, and for what purpose this Leadership Conference has been convened. A brief background might be in order. Shortly after last Julyls decision by the Board of Trustees to place Dr. Driscoll on a forced leave of absence, I approached Paul Vasconcellos, Student Senate President and other student leaders with certain concerns that I held relative to the direction in which SIVIU seemed headed. Four long years of rocking from one crises to another, the turmoil and confusion created by the firing of faculty, the charges and counter charges which filled the air, the strikes and boycotts, rallies and marches, the disintegration of human community, all these had taken their toll -- an immense one at that -- not only on the energies, but more importantly the spirit of this University. And now that the Trustees had seen fit to remove the central figure in this pathetic drama, it was obvious that the symptoms of anomie which had already set in the previous year were even more in evidence. A pall settled over the campus. The attitudes of nearly everyone -- students, faculty, and administrators had a turned-in, sullen quality about it, suspicious and embittered. The once strong walls of mutual respect, if not always mutual agreement, and of human friendship so necessary to the viability of a community were badly fractured. And we could catch a glimpse between the crevices and cracks caused by that fracturing something of the darker side of manls nature -- his capacity for venemous hatred, contempt and malice. The battles which once fired the adrenalin no longer flared. The emotions, which once united the oddest collection of compatriots in alliances either for or against Driscoll, were spent. The man who was the focus of all these feelings, with whom his enemies had almost a symbiotic relationship was taking his exit. In his place there was nothing to unite anyone either positively or negatively. There was nothing but the emptiness of shattered dreams, of broken hopes, of disillusioned young people particularly?l1vho saw in the tangled web of human failure at SlVlU the surest confirmation of their contention that society itself is rotten, its system corrupt. ou 0 This kind of stream-of-conscious description sounds much like the diagnosis of a soon to expire institutional patient. Yes it does! l suspect that there are even those amongst us who are pessimistic enough to believe that if the patient does survive the prognosis for its full recovery is only slightly more encouraging than the diagnosis. One might carry the medical analogy still further in describing SIVIU as akin at this point to a very sick drug addict. Fed as we have been with a steady injection of chaos, we have been on one constant frenetic, hypertensive high. The trip has been a bummer, and now we are on a down, into a giant collective withdrawal, the signs of which we have already alluded to. But it was precisely this assessment of the situation that prompted some of us to urge the convening of a conference of this type -- a conference representing all the diverse elements of the SIVIU family that would bring together leaders around related problems which each has attempted to deal independently in the past. Bu so doing, we could make it possible for students, faculty and administrators to consider intensively the ways, in which each segment of the University can be mutually supportive. This problem solving approach, compressed as it is into a short period of time is expected to yield implementable plans and solutions and a high commitment to these by those who are responsible for their development. That is not to say that we should in any way attempt to impose these plans and solutions upon the larger SlVlU community for to do so would be to fall into the very hierarchical trap from which we have been attempting to extricate ourselves. Our approach is not an elitist one, though it may have the hallmarks of such. Rather, it is to be expected -- given of course that we leave here two days hence with that high degree of commitment -- to return to the campus ready to excite others to join with us in creating a new vision for our university. Whether that will be the case, indeed, whether we will achieve at this conference all we hope to accomplish will depend in large measure upon our own openness and receptivity. But let it be thoroughly understood that as an educational center where the rational and the intelligent supposedly prevail, we who are a part of that center can no longer afford to continue to live on the negative energies directed at events now gone by. We must take a different road in a different direction than the one we have been on. Tonight, hopefully we take the first step down that new road. Having said that, and realizing that our mission here this weekend is to try to refocus our sights and redirect our creative skills toward finding some of the answers to the overriding question of what should be the future of SIVIU, we must remind ourselves that in that quest we cannot ignore the realities of SlVlU's past. As individuals, we are in a very real sense the sum total of our past. The same holds true for institutions. The impact of personalities, circumstances, conditions, decisions, and actions of the past all have profound repercussions upon the course of the future, for institutions as well as for individuals. Thus the experience of the past is what enables both people and institutions to continue growth, development and increased effectiveness, to go on from that knowledge of the past, whatever it is, into a future -- whatever will be made of it. But by the same token those very same circumstances, conditions, decisions and actions can disable and hobble the future when the lessons which they teach are not wisely learned. The dustry corridors of time are strewn with the wreckage of human individuals, institutions, and nations that failed to appreciate that fact. The first Henry Ford was fond of saying history is bunk. But a wiser man than Henry Ford, George Santayana once said that those who spurn the errors of history are doomed to repeat them. In keeping with that truth it might be worth our while to spend a bit of time reviewing again certain aspects of the historical past of SIVIU and by so doing put into perspective its future. However, it might be well to note that within our academic circle there are those who would bery much prefer to forget, and who wish that others would forget the past at SIVIU. To these people history is the story of dead things, of issues no longer relevant, persons no longer present. Let us bury the past as befits the dead, say these people, and the hatchets and hurts of our old feuds along with it. What is done is done and can't be undone. So let us offer the peacepipe, make up and go arm in arm into the sunrise of a new day. There is a second group who recoil at this approach to history, who see in such an attitude something that is false, pollyanish and shallow. These are the angry ones, whose critics accuse them of possessing almost a macabre fascination with the atrocities of the past. These are the ones who feel intensely about people, issues and principles. ln defense of such they quickly join the fray, fight bravely for their cause, and do not take lightly their defeats. They nurse their hurts and harbor their hates and rarely if ever forgive those who have become the enemy. There is still a third group who in mid and heart fall somewhere between the extremes of the other two. These are the pragmatists who know that sometimes the harsh realities of existence have a way of forcing you to come to terms with life not as you want it to be but as it is. What is more, they have come to know that feeding one's furies gets you nothing in return but a barren soul. Yet the depth and sensitivity of these types do not allow them to disregard human values. Like those of the second group, these of the third can also feel passsionately about people, issues and principles. They too will stand with courage against wrong. But they also are more willing to resign themselves to the knowledge that to the courageous and the noble does not always go the victory, that in this world the triumph of good over evil rests on nothing so much as the strength of endurance. 0 V: , 0 .. f g'f-:lei-iii l Qi! l 1 .4 .ii .. ,, I A J if 'l-'. 3 il .1 4, , ,A v. t . F , ,- l sf .lg 5 is it . .Q 3 . 1 I suppose if one were to take a look at institutions one would have to agree that institutions are actually no better or no worse than the humans who create them, who give them purpose for existence, and who energize their ianimate character, and who establish within their legal and physical boundaries the only viable dimension they could possibly possess -- the human one. But institutions begin in the mind -- as an idea, sometimes in the heart -- as a hope. SlVlU began in just such a fashion. For years it was the dream of many in this area to someday see rise within their midst not only an institution built in mortar and brick, but also and more significantly, in the invisible sinews and muscle of the intellect. That institution did rise. lt rose majestically and beautifully on the plains of Dartmouth. lt is the place where you and l spend a good portion of our day. But the dream which became a reality was a reality brought into being by any number of people, each making his own singluar kind of contribution. Some of those people, are here tonight. l think of Walter Cass and Dr. Samuel Stone for two who years ago at Bradford Durfee in Fall River organized and promoted the idea of a better institution of higher learning for the sons and daughters of Southeastern Massachusetts. And it was their energy and their intelligence and it was their zeal, and it was their vision that helped to bring it to pass. But one must also, I suppose cope with the luestion of whether or not it is true that an institution is the lengthened shadow of a man. There are those who would say that this is no longer true. But if it were true, I think one might have to concede that SlVlU in some respects at least was the lengthened shadow of a man named Joseph Leo Driscoll. And it is about Joseph Leo Driscoll that l now want to address you. f 2 l V X li Sf ll - X f 3 l s - i I i i . x VH? fa' fl Joseph Leo Driscoll, regardless of whether we like to talk about the subject or not, has been, in the very realist sense, the central factor at SIVIU, and some would even say the central force, certainly the central figure in all of the crumbling saga of these last four to five years. I came here to SMU six years ago. I came at a time in my life that was frought with a measure of real personal struggle, of having lost the last of my family, of being alone and vunerable. I was on a West coast camping trip, a tour of the country, and it was from-Yellowstone National Park that Joe Driscoll hired me as SlVlU's first Dean of lVlen. I thought that was a pretty cool thing to do. A man who didn't know me, who had never seen me, who only knew me from what my dossier from Columbia University told him, and from what my previous employers had to say was willing to hire me. I came to SIVIU! I can remember so well asking where on earth Dartmouth, Massachusetts was. I'd lived in this great Bay State most of my life. I thought it was out in the western part of the state, but when I was told that it was down between the cities of Fall River and New Bedford I nearly died. I said, Oh, that's the last place in the world I want to go. But, you know, it wasn't long before I fell in love with Dartmouth and Fall River and New Bedford and the environs. I fell in love with SIVIU, and above all I fell in love with the students, the faculty and my colleagues in the administration. I have never been in any place where I have known finer people than I have known as colleagues in this university. I have been on four university campuses and I know very few students who can equal the basic goodness and deceny of humanity that the students of SIVIU have. That's not said in any way to flatter, it's offered sincerely. Joe Driscoll was a man that I quickly harkened to, I liked him. He was my kind of Irishman, I guess. He had a kind of charm about him. There was a gutsy quality about him, a bumptious love of life. I admired his courage in being able to stand up to the politicians and to get what he wanted for SIVIU. I rather liked his style, not only in clothes, but in just his manner. He and I got along fine in those first years together. Then something happened! What I don't know! Maybe only the God who I happen to believe exists and whom I hold as creator of the universe and of me, maybe He knows. I wouldn't say maybe , I's sure He does. But something went wrong! The Joe Driscoll that I knew, the good man, became bad. A situation that was -sweet with the promise of high expectations grew sour. And, of course, I think that we all know that there was a point at which some of this could certainly be traced. It could be traced to the issues of faculty challenge, 'of faculty questioning of the President's authority. I saw a man who I thought was given over to really fine human principles become a man who could not afford to be found wrong, who found change inconvenient and the democratic process threatening. I found a man who saw it hard to accept the right of others to doubt his judgment, or disagree with-it. He had a need to dominate and control other people. His ego became insatiable. I can remember the last time that he and I had a long conversation, and my relationship with him at that time was a close one, as close as one, I suppose, could ever get to Joe Driscoll. I told him very frankly, Joe, you're on a wrong path. This path that you're taking is going to lead not only this university, but it's also going to lead you to sure and certain disaster. He said he recognized that great danger, that risk. I told him quite frankly that while I did not always harbor the political views and opinions, ideas and attitudes of the professors with whom he was contesting, -- I made no secret of the fact that I was a registered Republican in those ,days and held a pretty conservative position -- I could not side with him on this issue. At the same time, I told him I have a towering respect for the individual freedom of isian to think and to make judgments as he sees fit without any threat by either subtle or overt coercion. Furthermore, I told him that I could not stand with him, so long as he chose that course of action. I Y G. V x . 'i Well that was the end! Over the next year for me, as the battle lines were drawn and the troubles increased, there was a very real agonizing appraisal of what my responsibility should be to a man who was my professional superior. And because l'm Irish, I felt that very Celtic spirit, the same spirit that forges deep in the Celtic mind and heart -- a sense of loyalty. I felt that for Joe Driscoll, and it was a hard, hard thing for me to have to decide eventually that my loyalty was much to be questioned if it was only to an individual. It had to be higher loyalty than that. It had to be a principle, to convictions, and more importantly it seemed to me to the peolk of a university. So I broke with Joe Driscoll! And it is no secret as to how I have felt about Dr. Driscoll since. There grew in me over these years a strong, deep feeling of actual loathing for this man. I loathed him for the fact that I felt that the lust of office had indeed surely killed him, and that the spoils of that office had indeed surely bought him, and that the Actonian dictum-power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely, had indeed gotten to its target. So last night as I sant down to try and write these thoughts on paper, I ran into a psychological block. I found myself in the weirdest of situations. I just simply could not put on paper what I wanted to say. I found myself torn apart inside. Because that very process of writing, that very process of ventilating brought out in me all of this disturbing, deep-seated struggle of these years past. He had become my onsession, not a magnificnet one at that, but my obsession -- nonetheless. And so I bare my soul to you tonight in that personal kind of way because for most of you as students and faculty and some of you as administrators, Joe Driscoll has also become an obsession. ,..- 4 I 4 'QCA ,A NNE.. .4 5-in I' AQ 'i K Qs H., E 3 Wy' ,. YA is I , Q 5 l Q f ,A 1 'Is ' ' .lla .. ,,,.,4 , iWe',,have' spent ourlyears -- these past four -- in making a man the ,focus pointfofiour obsessions, our hangups, our hatreds, and that has not. been good. It has not been good for us as individuals. It has not been good for us as an institution. And now that he has gone, we have nothing5to unite us. That is even worse. So tonight I'm suggesting that 'maybe it is time for all of us to search ourselves and to decide that the day. isover with, the long night also is gone, and that we are starting, as I said earlier, down a new road hopefully. Joe Driscoll has left us. I'm not saying that any of us who have suffered from this man should ever be indiscriminately kind to those who we feel have been knowingly a part of the system and of the set-up that Joe Driscoll produced which allowed the travesties of justice and fair play that prevailed in our institution. But at the same time I see nothing of and real constructive force coming out of a continuation of this type of negative feeling. I would suggest, therefore, that we look to the future and try as best we can to lay to rest that past, and do all within our power to make sure that it will never again be repeated at SMU. That is essentially what we are here for this weekend. We are here to take up some considerations of what our university should be dedicating itself to. l've been asked to simply list for you, and that is all l'll do, some of the ideas I have come up with -- that as I said earlier need not by your goals. But this is what I suggest and they are in the order of what I consider to be of importance. They are the priorities I think we ought to have. - It seems to me in refocusing our energies and our creative thinking on the great tasks facing the University, both present and future, that first and foremost we should raise the question of what is to be our role and function as a university in relation to and with the regional communities that surround us, and support us, and who we are supposed to serve. We should ask ourselves who and what are we to serve?I'm not going to go into these in any detail, I'm simply raising them as questions and as goals. I Secondly, I believe that we should concentrate on ways by which we can make our university a more humane and a more humanized institution. It has not been that and it won't be in the future unless, somehow, all of us can come to terms with our own nature and decide that we are going to put human values before anything else. Then it seems to me, that if- there is anthing that the errors of the past teach us: if there is anthing that Joseph Leo Driscoll has taught us, it's this -- the need for the democratization of the university's governance structure. That sounds like a typical, fuzzy-minded, Iiberal's phrase, democratization of the university , but it isn't. You think about it! We need to, we must. . Then there is the question of curriculum reform, and it seems to me that in link with that is also the question of faculty evaluation. It is only right that faculty should be evaluated, las far as I'm concerned I think that administrators should be too, and maybe that's something that you could add to your listl. But l think that the faculty evaluation must be one which is as scrupulously fair as we can 'make it--- one that will not be used by those in administrative ranks or depaitmental ranks as weapons with which to abuse members of the teaching staff. Then, of course, there should be an improvement in intra-university communication. It has got to come soon if we're to function as a community. . - lastly, the involvement of students. I'm not now talking necessarily about democratization of governance, they would be a part of that, most surely. But student involvement, as it's represented by agencies of student government, student publications and so'forth. we've got to make these more effective, more able to work, more sensitive to what students themselves wish. In that respect, as l've said to Paul Vasconcellos on a number of occasions, it seems to me that one of the most important projects that lies ahead for students is the question of studying a new form of student government, be it unicameral or some other type., These are what I would suggest as goals for us to consider this weekend. You know there was frankly very little of the radical student revolution which swept over campuses iust a few short years ago that I could accept. Somehow my pragmatic, conservative instincts were offended' by the cater wauled inanities and insanities that were put forth at that time as some kind of high wisdom. But if I read correctly the message of that movement and of that day it was this -- that young people want control of their lives. And that is a goal that I, for one, can buy. I say, more power to them! They are the first generation to come along who probably has insisted that they are point to rule their own lives. Would that those of us who preceeded you had that kind of courage, guts and determination. However, it also means that for those of us in the university such a determination will face us with the reality that students are going to insist and obtain the right to have a hand in controlling most phases of university affairs. Note that I did not say a controlling hand. I said merely a hand in controlling. l think this is, frankly, all that students really want -- to have a shared responsibility in that very major endeavor. These are the central issues, it seems to me, that we must come to grips with this weekend. But in closing, I want to also suggest what might be called an extra recommendation, one that bears some merit. As you know, the University is in the process of trying to find a new President. It seems to me that this is the time that would be appropriate to create some kind of a special Study Commission, call it what you will -- a Study of Educational Policies and Programs. A Commission that would be so designed as to incorporate the whole SMU community in helping to clarify goals and shape future programs. This study should not be conducted by a single committee but it should involve a series of panels with the guidance, possibly of outside consultants, who would identify and analyze options and opportunitities. The purpose of this study would be to help a new President as he comes to the helm to formulate firm and sound policy suggestions. I know that we already have at work certain task forces -- there is the Mission of the University group, there are any number of others. It may be that such groups could be in some way incorporated into such a Study Commission. This would be one very dramatic way to taking a good hard look at exactly where we've come and where we're going. The goals which we set for ourselves in life sometimes are not reached. Nevertheless it is necessary that we have gols. It is necessary that we give to ourselves direction. Tonight in closing I want to share these brief lines from John Kennedy who said in one of the earlier addresses of his administration these words. We will not reach that goal today or tomorrow. Perhaps we will not reach it until the end of our life. But seeking it is the greatest adventure of our age. We may be impatient at times with the weight of our obligations, the complexity of decision, the agony of choice. Butfor us, there is no comfort or serenity in evasion. No solution in abdication and no release in irresponsibility. , , A ' Those words apply to us as individuals and collectively as a university. I know that for you, especially those of you who are young, those of you who are our most precious commodity, the most precious single force that any institution of learning has -- its students -- tomorrow and the creation of the communities of hope and reason, and iustice and peace are far more important than the conferences of yesterday. ' 'Til !g A f l' .X AX lx X? X fx ij gil.-S f-X i Wg 2-I ,-,Z ,fx 5-Z-lx A -.2 ,Q -RA w Xujf-1 'S..f-X' ' ,.r A i l Jlfil X, ,-XL Y f Si i,.1 -X .X fx. ,Z . fl-- WS- , 4' X-I.-,f ,E -Y - Y - f W lf ,i ,Z 5 f A A f - f 1 .Q i f l 'T A ms smas' as Hamm THE Eno UF THE Lumagg uhwu ' W 'if I ua 4... xl? :- Zn -gmsanii EEUU is tll t onu' wtthitt tlu' nwrt ltiti wittis, uiulvr the' wuiglet ol population and t'tulu1xtt'tal o:'t't-growtlt, awotwlittg In it ivain of ,Illl ,s't'ft'ltltNIx', tttilmis wt' ,vtop all growth within tlu' iuirt ,law l't'tll'S Utlu'rwi.w cirtlizuiioit will rttllftpw wonu'tiuu' in tlu' flwt i't'tttitt'r and ilu' nutioritx' till us uiullor our t ltiltlnftt will du' ol ltungvr, pollution, tliiwitw and pvrltapx lttti otlu'r gt't'tlt'.Vtiitc' and u'rt'il1'ing rataxtroplivs that at'totnpann' ilu' frtllaftxt' ol c'tl'lltZttftott. 1' l'lu' twain, lu'adc'd ln' l'rolt's.s'or Dvnnis t1lc'atlow.v, prt'wnu'tl tlu' ,liiulings out an 118'-month studu' on tlu' prvdzu'anu'nt of inanlxind at thc' Smithsonian Institution llittrsday. llaring studivd tlu' report and tligcxtml tlu' 4-otu'vpt.s' - without having had tinu' to im-iwtigatv opposfiotl from tlu' scivtttilit' attd lntsitufss world- I tnuwt sal' tltat it st'utn.w wry rval to nut llu' rvport is lzasvtl on 4-otnpuufr analyses and prou'vtiou.s' of jim' global factors: ac'c't'lc'rating uulustrialization, rapid popttlation growth, wiclc'.s'prt'ad tnaltnutrition, tht' clvplvtiott of tton-rt'tu'wahle' t-twottt'u'.s', and tlu' df'u'rioration ol' tlu' c'nviroittnt'ttt. liat-lt til tlunw is growing at an c'.x'poiu'ntial rate - tltat ix, a rata' of geotrtvtric' progn's.s'iott in which a thing itu't't'it.sc',x' hu' tt t'onstanc't p4'rc'c'tttagc' of Ilu' whole' in 4-onstant tinu' pvriods. Tlu' t-oncvpt of u.x'poru'ntial growth is most important to ttttcluiwtatul. ltnagiiu' vou had tt pvnnv on tlu'-,lir.s't dar of tlu' month On tlu' scvotid dar vou douhlvd it. Om' tlu' third dar, rou doubled that. Sit down with a pwuil and papvr and figura' ottt houw tnuvlt l'Illl would hart' in a month. An while' you are t'alt'ttlating tlu' itu-ri'a.w', itnagitu' that all around you pi-oplc' art' Irving hron, 4lat'toru's arc' itu'rc'asing, t'c'.wtttt't't'x art' lwing ux'trat'tt'd, pollutants hving gwu'ratt'tl - all at tlu' saint' rau' of ittc'rt'a.w as your pvnnv Tlu' tnoxt important thing to undvrstand about t'.x'potu'ntial growtlt is tltat its itnpact is jvlt all at oituh lt is not until tlu' 25th or .Both dar tltat tlu' stun rvallr hvginx to gat ttltl ofhatul ln tvrins of tlu' world tnodvl c'on.s'trtu'u'd bil' tlu' MIT twain, this nu'ans tltat ajtvr about l9.S'5 it will hc' too lau' to u'ri'r.w' tlu' linal xtagt' of t'xpoiu'ntial growth which will vuttxu tlu' i'ollap.w of natural and vorial litlk'-xupport .w.s'tt'ttt.s'. But tlu' actual impart will tltil lu' totallr tk'lt until tlu' tnid-2l.s't c't'nturr, whvn tlu' prim' ol jood xtttltlvttlx' skn'rtu'l1't't.w ottt o lrt'at'lt. and llIUS.S'l'S of population hvgin to divllrotn .starvation atul cll.s't'tt.x't'. 7'lu' tnodvl .shows nu'rt'ln' tlu' gross orvr-trwtcls, and wltilt' it rt'qttirc'.s' a lot ofrcfitu'nu'nts, tlu' autliotzs' of tlu' rvport .war tlu' haxit' lwharior niodvs appvar to lu' so ttuulanu'ntal tltat 'wt' do not v.x'pt't't our broad 1-otu'luxion.s to lu' suhxtatttialll' altvrvd hr jurtlwr t't'l'lxiott.S'. H 1 I V l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 UY S sf , :,,,.sg 'blwggf' , What it all comes down to is: the planet earth is finite. It has only so much space, so many resources, and so muclt tolerance for intergrating the effects ttf industrialization. Man's activities - in terms of population l most of' the Third Worldl and in terms ol economic growth lliurope, American, Russia and Japan 5 - have accelerated exponentiallr into a pattern of inhnite and selflperpetuating growth And you cannot grow inhnitely in a Unite environment. Something has to give. In 1650, there were half a billion people on earth In 1970 there are 3.5 billion. By 2000 there will he seven billion and the rate of' increase would go on from there except that much of' the owrld's population will begin to die at that point. Capital output, which itself helps boost population as well as deplete resources and generate pollution, is increasing at a higher rate than population. On a world basis, all the factors are inter-related - so that industrial output increases agricultural capital which increases food which increases population, which increases resource depletion, etc. The scientists ran various combinations of projections through the computer and the onlv one whiclt worked - the onlv system under which humanity would survive intact - is what thev call a state of equibibrium in which the birth rate equals the deatlt rate and the rate of' capital growth equals the rate of' capital depreciation. Merely to control one of' two ofthe factors - bvm for example, pollution and birtlt control - would not alter the inherent process of' exponential growth whiclt is leading us very quickly to the point Meadows calls 'bvershoot and collapse. All this is bv wav ofa .simplified explanation of the report. But if its results hold up, it means we must decide fast on what kind ofa society we want to have under an equilibrium state and ltow to attain it, A U N official, working on economic development in Third World nations, says any sich equilibrium must include re-distribution of the world 's wealth. Otherwise, a state of' equilibrium is totally unacceptable to the majority of' the world 's population for it would lock the poor of the world into a state of' permanent poverty. 2: a , 1. ,- 1 I I l I x ' 1 EE: . gw wiwi Q FIRST it NATIONAL ' BANK DRlVE'lN 1 as -,L s e , sm - e r - - fs ', ' w ' -- ss , M ' X' ,,.- 'f?3.3f':3?'6 'Q 'f,v'4f'- 'ir' as ' mil: Ei ELCUME U NEWis:5EDF1ji53D x ::eX:jQ Xiax 5144 g- x N i N, .HEY N N955 -A SS' We VM .N sro 5 -- A ,4 ,vs mise. vsp? N s ' lilo' , The equilibrium state goes against a fundamental American instinct- the drive for growth. The changes tlzat will be required in our mentality are staggering. It means we must be willing to give away much ofwhat we have, It means tlze wlzole world would be living at about the same standard ofliving - approximately tlzat of' middle-class Eurpoeons - if' wc act quickly. It means tlzat people will probably be working only a scant portion of' the hours tlzey now work. It means a tremondous shift of' capital from material and industrial goods into service areas - education, health, the arts, sports, etc, - wlziclz do not yield increasing capital dividends. It means to end ofthe marketplace economy, the equalization of' wealth throughout the world, It means a totally new global consciousness which is as remote from the mainstream of'American thought as Copernicus: conception ofthe universe was the church-dominated mentality of' his time. Only we lzave a very few years to make adjustment. And 1975 is three years away. Can America and tlze world be brought under control? I don't know. The first thing I would suggest to anyone who cares is to read 'The Limits to Growthf' a Potomac Associates Book which will be released in a few days. And keep track of' your emotional reactions. It will help you to imagine what this country may be going through in tlze coming months. lnitally, lfound myself' torn between total apathy and hysteria. Instead of' writing this story, 1 wandered around the apartment and began playing solitaire for the first time in 10 years. But tlzen the shock wears off' and there is notlzing to do but follow through any way you can. The urgency is very great. But it is tempered by the fear of sounding fanatic. How do you react tosomeone screaming at you the world is going to end? So in this article - and in follow-up stories - I will try very lzard not to scream. 1 guess for me the ultimate image was of Dr. Donella Meadows, wife of the team leader, sitting on a platform with the other young scientists K average age 262 addressing the packed hall. Like lzer husband, slze talked with warmth and calm clarity. And whenshe stood up we saw she was pregnanti To know wlzat she knows - an to be pregangt. It seems tlze only way to do it. Tlze Right Clzild Dear Sir: Tlze subject of Ross Gelbspan's 'This Story Is About The End of tlze World f loice, March 92 has been at tlze back of my mind for a while. 1 happened to proofread Garrett Hardin's 'New Ethics for Survival, which deals with tlze same material, andfor some time now I have been going around telling people a story from Buber's 'Tales of the Hasidinnas I remembered it: The rabbi stops a busy man and asks him, 'Why do you work so hard? 'So I can have a son who will grow up and study Torah. lThis is a traditional Jewish story and therefore male clzauvinistl Ylze rabbi goes on: 'And when tlze son grows up and 1 ask him, Why do you work so hara'?' he will say So I can have a son who will grow up and study Torah ' But when will we find tlze right childf ' What has to happen is tlzat enough people stop and say, 'Y am the right child. I have just reread the story and found that it had changed in my mind since the last time I read it. In the book, the man answers, To bring up my son to study and serve God. But as I have found myself telling tlze story, the man works in order to have the clzild who will study Torah - tlzat is, become what tlze parent wanted to be. Sometimes 1 tell tlze story in discussions of population growth, a propos a common reason for lzaving children: the need for extensions of oneselff I also tell it to explain wlzy I live: why 1 choose to work part time and little and spend nzost of what I earn on therapy and sensory awareness classes, and why I probably will not lzave children. llly energy is directed toward intergrating myself' and is not available for bringing up a child. I want to become tlze right child, IZOI have it. The people 1 feel closest to are making similar choices, in their own way. lsuspect others are, quietly. It may seem tlzat I am ignoring tlze broad social changes that will soon be necessary. But Ifeel tlzat my life is preparing me for some of them - for example, changes in tlze necessary 'reappraisal of cultural values will not take place unless enough people reappraise tlzeir personal values and become tlze right clzild. What botlzers me most is tlze double time scale. Tlze process by which one becomes tlze right clzilse takes its own time, but tlze world has tlzree years. Leah Zahler West I 7th Street A it-,ui .. ' ' V in sf ' ,1QzxL gram-slew Ag, QQ' y 3 ,Jw Qu, -' V 1, .1-3 sgfwi-',E ff as mg, ,ry i r?22gw,+,.,ifer np? L,?'a'A: - f - .1 W .J ,,, g 1 f. ..,,,L, qi., I .,,-24,11-,fa - dmai 12:13:75 V Y . 1- V -f 1.2 5 ' '7 amg3Qf-,:-v.:w- , A 2 ' W 5-5 S 4 q i V .- 1 -lk wall.. . - vi p ' .-. . . '-- 'TY' v t gi ef:-Q. :f.A,' A' B I t V- l', 5'l a e e as 'S ey 'g ee-fe rm e , -. - get , yea' - , , V I -, .qs A? g W, 'Yi' 4, nav.. as-JE . , . JK 'W WW M X 'S wi 'iv 4' YZ no ps 1 . . ,x . .. Q ft 5 ll ,ir ' ,UA - , ........ 1 ' V s 1 I g ' I I' 1' Fl z sg we . 5, e-,,. ' .--.f ' rt I .A on . -,W 1 Y-fy. 5, . 4 .3 ' Jn: -lf,J',,:. A '-+5 -.v N sr 1 - 5 y 1 --A-. A 1, 1 K .If -fy ' X 43' it Q 1- Q- we , i .v A A g Y-,jibv -yi.. ,V - -in 'A V 1- , Av - .-1, ' Y , ' zxf 4 x va 4.-1. k ' f ' rm ' -- QA' 1 - ' r . 5 , -4- 'Um 1 4 ,H .- -fat M. .. W-fv V. rr, ,, V.. Q A . Q. 5, , Z V h Ap..-., ,viii X ' L' ' uuii- . K 4, 0 4 'Q Q- ' ., waht 'i 45 Q , :ca-fn x s Ndyy. 9 Q ,N T Q -3 1 Ji 3 i I ss im- A 4 , I ,,. f IU love to change the world, but i don't know what to do, so i'm Ieavine it uglgrvoui W ,M RE Omni, Hfwnsdg-'SE wfmgN,gffg Plum PM QAMU IST Am 'lm vm BNRTY LEN IN MAQYEERM ATHEXSTS ATRHSX in ' 'U - .. , .- K Q Q Ll 'I - 2 - E I as .3 Y.. . A, , f Y . r V 1 5 . ' ' 1. ' , tl ' 'U . ,mg - X Yr . L 1 . . f V Ii g, ,FQ - e ee et W 2. .- ,H I ' .' e K Tx ' ,Q Y N It y ,f J R - ' ., ' A- .iff ' I Q, , -f I. ' : 'T ug 'r .vb i I 1' ,K 346: ., .., . , . T 4- -if 1' 4. . - U I. 30.6, . . ilnyyii 1 Y Na. . - - 1 2 X - I ' if -A-'-f x .P V K' . x . 9'tf1'f' 4 ff ' i --,ilvvfff-.I ' Q f , 5 1 . ' it- es: , .. f 41- 6 i 'Z.. - 1. -- V - l'-',, ,' .' ' Y- '-Y L-1. ' . 'fini if z f.Q'7 1 '. .'.-, A gf- ,- - ff ' xg .'4,L,, p f L :,.1 Z, 1'-. V . . I' l' If you, reader,will accept the fact that you are being redefined in the moment of reading this sentence, and that I am being redefined in the moment of writing it, we both will have come a hell of a way in escaping the stasis both acts imply. Speaking from his own bias, Mao called this principle Uperpetual revolutionf' So did Julian Beck of the Living Theatre. So does Sid Karp of Philadelphia. The point is that - because of the post-McLUhan realities of what Gene Youngblood has called the global intermedia network Cand a few other thigsl - our time is being more and more compressed, our experiences are becoming more intense, and our general awareness more diffuse. Rock music is an example close to me, and problably the easiest to talk about. Since the early Sixties, rock has undergone changes that took decades to happen to jazz. Chuck Berryis rhythm Sc blues fthe most frequently citedj was introduced in England by the Beatles and Stones, sprinkled with a little English salt and deep-fried in the prole underground clubs of London and Liverpool, then reexported to America where it sold and was consumed like fish and chips. Once the last bit of r8Lb had been licked up, however, the music didn't atrophy the way it had in the hands of its creators. By 1965 and '66 the music had developed a social conscience and became aware of its own poetic potential. The hipper lyrics of those years reflected both factors. By 1967 the Beatles were doing rock opera, by the next year white blues bands were reexploring the country and folk roots of the whole thing and, in the last two years, horns have been added and jazz-rock has become more than an ad hype or a critic's pretension. Despite a fallow period in 1969-70, the future promises synthesis beyond imagination, and all of this happened in seven years. CSO what if some of the experiements were manicjunk'J At this writing, the movement has exhausted both the cliches of flower and bomb power and is temporarily GJ reeling in its tracks, straddling some fiattened caps of Berkeley acid, some old FSM buttons, a few shards of Weatherman shrapnel. fHuey P. Newton, however, is free at lastj. In Los Angeles, the Free Press, once the flagship of the underground journalism movement, spends itself defending aberrations - the Manson family, Bernardine Dohrn, Tim Leary - and playing paranoia games: they've got this super list with everyone is name and measurements. And there is an undeniable sense of paranoia in the land. What's left of the hippie culture has spread to. rural areas in California, Oregon, Colorado, New Mexico, Vermont and New Hampshire, and is closing itself off -- unwilling to allow new arrivals. The sanest members of SDS got out after the final convention in Chicago, 1969, and before the September Days of Rage. Those left seem to be bug-eyed stereotypes with fuses under their trench coats. Hoffman and Rubin, the song-and-dance team, are no longer funny fit was reliably reported that Rubin was crying in the Chicago courtroom after his sentencing at the Conspiracy triall, and Tim Leary is in revolutionary drag, having jettisoned his self-proclaimed pacifism with his prison uniform after breaking out of the California Men's Colony at San Luis Obispo. Leary, if he is to be believed, is now carrying a gun and is prepared to use it on whatever short-haired robot threatens his life and fredom. The war hasnlt stopped, the racial situation is still black , the ecology is still presumably lousy, traditional politics is worse than ever, even the music scene is in a lull. The time-compression syndorme and its attendant ills have added to the paranoia -- man's brain is still subject to all kinds of flutterings and breakdowns from the darkness of its own history -- and yet, it is possible that the general acceleration may outdistance the paranoia, may trascend temporary lulls and sidetrips of all kinds. Drugs have certainly done their thing, bizarre politics and other forms of religion seem to have destroyed their own credibility, a grudging acceptance of difference seems to be growing - even hard-core street people now acknowledge that Easy Rider might have been fun to watch but was a regional indictment at best, and that only in a half-assed way. There are other alternatives now. There is no sure way to prove this, but it seems to me that the best of the youth generation has not 'fsold outw to either capitalism or what I call purism. There may be no Woodstock Nation, but there is no Altamont Nation either. Buckminster Fuller may be overly optimistic, and so may Charles Reich, but the fact remains that hip capitalism does not always have to be a pejorative, and there is room for many kinds of communally run organizations -- business, political, artistic. There is hope for new kinds of education, new concepts in personal relations, a rapprochement with technology -- even new applications of old 'fpolitical' techniques - Saul Alinsky's tactics have never been utilized by the young in the sustained manner in which they were intended. -42, ,1 1. 1' X Q wx x xg xi ' N A Ak N- ix ' .NNE K aww.. ' '-fff. -. x is . K I fy .sux . ,N , . 5' vs . A . fav -H-.if 2: S I 9 . .fl X 'X -1. . ,. A . I A , -'f X1 H, v 1 .W , w a 1 I . ,Y 'I --A ., . , if KZ., ,I.. b . . . f ,, LJ: g I - . , . ,..- 47, A 0 1 5- 9 fi -. 5 .vb . Q . 4 ,yr , ..:-- .. www -- 3 ,- ' ,,, 551 ' Y , fi-N V' ,. .x X' . .tg . h me - ag .: eg! L ,.. .E w .,... g 'I c' s MA, 1 Aff' .auf . , K-.. ., ,, G . WJ: 41 , E -M 1, .i , '-. Ng! -Q, .4 ww. U ,W , . ..,M'- -' W ., N -lg., N f? -4-:anna v. -ak .. -'wp pg, xv . af! wwf. - ..- - fe, ..'f-., w 4. ,J . h if: X'-I A 4, Q 4. -F' ' 4 1. f I Q ' 3 yn: 2.4m - N. , if .,-,, 5 I- V.. Ef?:'?'. 42 Pwr' ' 'af . , , f x fx fn Viza i r, X .r 11. nw 1 h fa I , .J yt: - 27, ' f' 711.5 -env:w.,-- -wh, uv---rw 4- 3 :::'1 . ' ' Q3-f . . ,,--1123 -AS.. .ff-q:.?'ff'e' -22:4 ,Y s 5 Qg.,,sg!'3','!,:u3,, - M.. ' 3 6.g.v.g51?k-vf,.l-,.::.- ta, V Q, ' 17- -. - 5' ,A . - v- ' 5 A - ,- , 2:i:g22,i.fg, 51. ., hi- 227, z--5--T5:l2'Z.g3.,9T . nr,f..g,,i1' , yu--, -EY.-n,xs.5,1.Lq-1.'A 2 A' 'ti , N vejirw-,f'ri?2:i:1'2' :'-,-file' I -' rm, lyaffhg 4.3,-. .X rife:-x,, 'Y Q h iii? T f R . f2s.sfQfffffsf1:.1L - is . .4 fi 'gif -af, - .,.::.-4.3.f,22f.:'.- 1 - . - g 5 Q's3?9 h'!5yqefi2i2P 1:1 A 'f ,-Q.: ft . -Y ',-1--5.531-L ..-q,v,,.,,v'-,SQ .J ,..-,- .H dv.. 453, -ffgur vw? -rf 1:5 .-,' sv- -'-.fe ...Q -. ?:5f 3S -YYQSWQQQI '- - ' - ' .2 Sri-L . '.7'l-7-.-'- X Y'-IGS-7 : f 7 V 37.3 ' 50554.-A .-,, qgiggf-,.-',.',.'gjjipv ' A- Y .. '-1? A , , ' A A . - r .-ff' up .. - .g-.1--ft..Qt:-f- '-.-.mf . fn 51fQe53. 5K65gf5-E1:f?-,3'f?L,S'ff -efiifrf' -f 1 ' fq:,+-.:-41c:fwv-- wawgwsg- ,- - ' HW' I r.a'f-12zf: f-aw-QT?:-':.f'wf'.:ffir.z.w1+:se fwbfaffr--N-...,. 'wr A .. - --Ja' T4 Q, : ----1.--ag-Q:..:1.-ef fa-w-.- V- 1' 39:2-4,1-, vs.-... .-..- H.-4.. ,f ...ggi-5zfqw5Q,1,i-g'Sf.,, xg-f.,:,.lf5,:. .,a-:gm ..--C . 'KS-,. ' -'fs u. f. ffm, , -jf-Q ,fn 4 ' . . 'i f-me ggwgf- -f . h- ' 3' , k, 11' Pwr, Q Lg: . we af-: i. ' - . -N ...,.,:Ssc'ea.f L- -- 'A-ff . .. :gifs V I ' ' i . V . .. .,-5v,. i C . . xl- K .. 4 -Vw., V- , A. -- T ,, A., , . - ' , l ' ' s X - ff . ' v : . f '- V 7. I T155 . I- . -X s , 1. . 1,-A i .fgkra Nag, 1 .4 ' ' 'Y' ' S ' ' I ' ' ', -' ' X .. 2. - ts, 'al 1 5 , V ,, 4- . ' -' ,g Q' 'Q . '-Lf, h 'V our r -'Q , .TZ1 Y 'A 0 . 2 f , , ,,. I This is still the best educated generation in American history, and there are figures to prove it is the first not to be primarily interested in amassing great amounts of wealth as a life goal. American business has been foremost in the world for decades, while American government, arts and social institutions have been consistently inferior. With many kids not going into GM and the Rand Corporation anymore --' Esquire Magazine recently ran a feature on what the Harvard class of 1964 is doing with itself Cpsychology grad teaching yoga'?anthropo1ogist living in a commune, med school grad acting and writingg city planner farmingl -- there is hope that the Best Minds of tlzis generation may at least balance the pattern. Taken separately, the best of them' project the attitudes of the people being written aboutg taken as a collection, they begin to form a pattern for an Age. Many newspapers have now disappeard, and most of those remaining have altered direction. The Washington fD'C'J Free Press, Open City CLos Angelesj, Old Mole fBostonn,J Orpheus tPhoenixJ and many other ultra underground publications are dead. Hard political and freak papers like the Berkeley Barb, Berkeley Tribe, Good Times, East Village Other and Rat are foundering. CThe Barb 's circulation is reportedly ,down to 35,000 from a high of 75,000 two years ago.J EVO's financial situation, always tenuous, is now graveg Rat, in New York City, has been taken over by radical feminists and presently reads like an Old Left propaganda sheet, only the vocabulary of the rhetoric has changed. The Underground Press Syndicate, conceived as a means for the national underground press movement to work together, trade stories and Chopefullyj pool resources to improve distribution and advertising, is nonfunctional. Liberation News Service, once the wire service of the underground, split into two factions shortly after it was formed. After the departure of its founders, Marshall Bloom and Ray Mungo, the revolutionary faction of LNS Cknown as the New Yorkl' LNSJ also regressed to rhetoric. CBloom continued to put out his version of LNS from a communal farm in Massachusetts for a time, then it gradually died. Bloom commited suicide in 1969. Mungo has authoried tow fairly successful books about his experiences since then, and he was in Scotland when last heard fromj. f 13 iii' 'H ,J 4,.N , fi ff fi. is X TX, aa! J A 4 s'q,fN ' ...4' f 4 The most readily discernible effect on standard newspapers and- magazines has been in layout and format. Looser and more imaginative handling of pictures and illustrations and the development of the collage as multi-statment has deformalized graphics all over the country. The number of psychedelic book jackets, album covers, matchbook covers, etc., is testament to the impact of the underground at large. Subject matter and attitude in stories have likewise been broadened. Because underground editors smoked dope and dropped acid, their attitudes toward drugs and the laws that made them illegal were reflected in their papers, new examinations of some of the more arcane beliefs regarding drugs began to appear by 1968-69 in The New York Times Magazine, Newsweek, Time and even The Wall Street Journal. Ramsey Clark, the attorney 'general of the United States at the time of the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, 1968, offered the opinion by November 1970 that marijuana smoking should be legalized. fUnfortunately, he was no longer attorney generalj. if - ul Qs... ox. Why the underground press at first succeeded and later failed is largely a human matter, only partly subject to to conspiracies and persecution fantasized by too many of its members Cand readershipl, or to purely economic factors. As Don DeMaio, himself an underground editor, wrote in a report on the Underground Press Convention at Ann Arbor, Michigan, in July 1969: After a few minutes a messenger arrived with the news that an establishment reporter from the Detriot Free Press . . . was asking permission to cover the conference was later canceled when Abbie Hoffman suggested the press be barred until the final day when a press conference, would be lzeld. fThe conference was later cancelledj. Once the daily press had been disposed of, it was the Village Voice's turn. The group's attention turned to Voice pop columnist Richard Goldstein, who was standing quietly next to a pup tent. We don't want you writing about this thing in the Village Voicef' one delegate told Goldstein. .,Q,,,f , ,-Q 1.1 'ff' S. A -vw I have no intention of writing this up for tlze Voice or any other newspaper, Goldstein said. But I won't give my promise. I don 't think thats necessary. There was some muttering and Goldstein felt as if Ann Arbor might not be lzis tlzing. He left tlzat night. A final bit of paranoia came next when the presence of UPS cameras and tape recorders was questioned. The absurdity of the inquisition was brought to a climax when UPS head Tom Forcade suggested those who didn 't want to be in the film could position themselves out of camera range. All that was left was for John Wilcock, himselfa UPS founder, to question: Aren't we overdoing the paranoia business?First, we bar the establishment press, and now we say we can 't even cover the meeting ourselves. His statement was Hlmed. DeMaio noted that a guard with a shotgun stood watch while the conference went on, in case of attack. The underground press is dead, like the overground press Cnewspapers, at leastj before it, killed in three short years by the same stasis that took sixty years to kill its forebears. 0 Long live underground television, radio, news writing! It seems incredible that hair length and marijuana smoking caused the furor they did only three and four years agog it seems equally incredible that campus rioting in 1968 and 1969 at Berkeley, Columbia, San Francisco State, Harvard and hundreds of other schools ended with as lettle bloodshed as there was. Michael Rossman, a student organizer, wrote in the April 5, 1969, issue of Rolling Storze: America,s 2,700 colleges form a great youth ghetto with seven million inhabitants. In the same issue, Rolling Stone Editor Jann Wenner wrote: These new politics are about to become a part of our daily lives, and willingly or not, we are in it. By May 1969, the images of police beating unarmed students and blacks at campus demonstrations, in urban riots, at the Chicago Democratic Donvention had, like the nightly war and traffic casualty lists and the weather report, become a part of the national consciousness. People had been talking about guns and bombs for a long time -- had even gotten in a little sniping and bombing fWatts, Newark, the Bay-Area 'FP It if :ii , 1 - 1 V when the news came that National lGufard5smef1-a,tf Kent State University in Ohio had shot and and that police had killed two more at Jackson f'State College in Mlssissippi fthe total of twenty-two wounded, 'lin .both incidents seemed somehow incidental, ,inseam victims of time-compressionl, even the paranoids who'd been' posturing with shotguns were stunned. It had finally come down. This was what both sides had been turning over for years, running fantasies of blood in the streets, revenge for ultimate insult Cpigll and ultimate condescension fkid!J,the American Dream Meets the Wolfman. Weatherman had been knocked on his ass during the Days of Rage in Chicago, 'and the Trial of the New Culture had ended in a bizarre form of compromise - dismissal for some, moderate sentences for others, and endless appeals, red tape and finally freedom-by-bail. Only Bobby Scale was left in jail. What had been settled?Was this ally: Interestingly, Kent State and Jackson State were second echelon schools. Movements did not begin on their campuses. Mario Savios and Mark Rudds did not spring full-bloom from their lecture halls, cafeterias, off-campus bars. Was it that the custodians of the old order felt more justified, safer killing the children of their own class, or was it that ,revolt among the middle-middle and lower-middle young posed an even greater danger to the system?Did it presage the first real crack in the base of the' statue? Were the very student-teachers and upwardly mobile blacks joining the intellectually elite Jews and born-to-the-mannor WASPS of Harvard and Berkeley, of Columbia and Brandeis, the historically justified militants on every campus? If this was allowed, who would tend the schools, shuffle the papers, sweep up the offal dropping from the top and piling up from the bottom? ' At the end of the Deathweek at Kent, the signs looked hopeful. The moderate, middle-level kid who attended the school was talking about regional organizing, serious boycotting, and he was clenching his jaw muscles in the way his older brother had when he 'd gone off to stop the Yellow Peril in Korea nearly twenty years before. One thing about Americans - they still maintain the dream that they know how to get the job done once they've perceived what it is. Trashing swept Telegraph Avenue in the spring of 1970, but at Berkeley itself, the best hope for the future seemed to be a determination to close down the nation's most symbolic campus soon after it was scheduled to reopen in the fall. Nixon had cooled his Cambodian heels, but the nation's young were now ready to penetrate the layers of deceit enveloping the White House with something more serious than their green alienation. , ..t, --..- , , Of course, nothing happened. Many schools allowed their students to work for peace and radical candidates during the elections of November 1970, and the Republicans did not achieve the national sweep they'd been prophesying. But the steam built up by the killings dissipated with the first real cold. Those who'd hoped for more were left to ponder the future weather. Meanwhile, reprisals in the form of grand jury indictments against those who'd participated -- or were supposed to have participated in the spring rebellion - were making new headlines in Kent, Ohio, and around the country. The coreiof this country, as Norman Mailer alleges, may have gone mad. Hopefully despite too many drugs and a weakness for fantasy, the great number of the young have not fyetl. To explore the possibilities, David Felton and David Dalton undertook a massive examination of the Charles Manson case. Manson was seen as a victim of society. He had hippie trappings, charisma and an exotic acid rap. He'd gotten openly sympathetic coverage from the Los Angeles Free Press and, later support by the Weathermen. Bernardine Dohrn Cbefore she disappearedj had begun singing his praises: Offing those rich pigs, far out, she'd said. The Weathermen dig Charlie Manson. The possibility that the underground press was going to make a culture hero of Manson was alarming. After four months, Felton and Dalton had assembled enough material on the family', to write the definitive article. Happily, the apotheosis of Charlie Manson never happened. Via its ultimate means of expression - buying power - America rejected him. The Manson Family Album, recorded from tapes of Charlie singing and playing guitar, couldn't find sales outlets, Free Charlie buttons, appearing in headshops, stayed there, aside from the usual sensational stories appearing in the usual sensational places, and a disgusting instant film, marketed only weeks after the Sharon Tate multiple murders, Manson didn't really sell well. Even Rolling St0ne's story, despite the excellence of its writing and the praise it received from editors on every level of publishing, was widely criticized by its own young faverage age, 221 readers for glorifying what one letter writer called an insane little man. Hopefully, the reaction means more than simple rejection of an unpleasant reality, at best, it may signal the recognition of an age of paranoia in America, and a first step in its JOHN LOMBARDI AGE OF PARANOIA V Y A' '- W-rf-'- L r' W A -1- ' - ' ' f .,. Jw . rejection. ,TW I WW 1. Q , g , 3 N 5 vi' 'l'r N , -'K ,ki Qin . fi. -- ,X ' . if f X lx v v 1 v HCJUSS -I-he Universe. MJOYDIS NL floulwicl QUT Ijkg, 9131555 mm We Q U CU . . U f P P ggi 'igtljfiiy Pctss, 'Hwy sbp' 610035 4476. Unfvgyjgr LS OFJO Cifffd F75 -Pirro H ' Possesmq and Qamssmi MZ' YI rv? uc? my OIDU2 mind Tak Gvru Dua Gm lXb'H1lfNqS Ulonnm chanqq, my world jm545fE5 Op bmktn hqkf Wmdy dam-L b ,C 6, orb CLIYHHI6 fr E 'Hwy call mf, on and on across -I-hs, universe, n y S 'H10UqWfs meander flkg, a. ve5Has5 wmd ,f,5',df, Q MTU Lax 'fj1tjJgE 3blS6flind'ZDrcls -Hwy Make, fl-heir way cervix +56 UIIIJILVSQ, MOI-5znq's clormm Qlnomqg mY Woyld SOUHJS of Iauqkfff shades of Mc, arf, ' H, 1, jnvlhfw' and 'HCHIMI mf, VIIWIO7 mu? my openiars lamlflzss Undyfn I rj, ' . . q Ullf, wh! Shlnij gfrpund ,yy 'NI rf' QCLUS VUE, on and on Qgrpgg -H, ' E' I La m on Suns . 2, Umvefse, ja! GUVU 1761161 Om fXbH 'Yl'5 UNM Gb L mx 141 lUOjH1lnqx5Clq0nYm Chaljqf, mfy Eid fcu Guru fDevcL 14-hs, '6'uL+lf,g -.Q , .mr-' ' Ggjff ' .. 'x 'M 1 . 1 M if :yi ' s , .'-' . .-4' 5 it .',:'i. Yi' ,Qui-Q .,5 -ill:-' Q, .24 1 ., . 'Tl' . wx Nr! ' '. l -lst, ,.4v Y , , V44 -. ,, .W SX 's' 4 .V urfg, :fK,gfi' In , . es 4 . . I. 1 , . K .w.K.S, .. -' --'A eh.. A ' ' Aa- '- - QF.. .. . - , . A . N r - . - , . ' YH . x' A . . '-' ' ' N ' ' '-S SZ' 512553 '- ' - ',,.Q, f , .Y . t I N., -, ,- , V r .,'Q s . m-J: ,'.,,F. - . s . , .',. - . 2. 1 .. -.1 - - f. .. - ' xv - -- ' f f '-:' .x,' 'ig ' , ' l' M. XX ,- If , - 4 -A , . '- 17. - 'X ,H .i ,- - ,.. 4 .-. v -.W -f . - . , . 1 '- . gf : ' '- X ' U7 !x , 6' ,ij 4.1. 4 Xfyy . 51: fl lr-1 ' - A f fl .9 n 9 10 , , . . m .rx i .N 4. - v Q X -I-i J J .' Evll . 4 .. .. ..p:.. i'f'5'T' 1 F? I -4' f ' I 'I Qwm' -P 'weft' . Pg I -1535-.9 '-'ff' '- 3 fl I Q - I.- , , - 'gi ' ' ,J ' ., , Q., b 1 '54-xii? A.-f ' .ff '.q.x'Q: 5 -4 Q ' elif?-JS' 3. Az--f.. iff' , . 'QQ' ' ?l'lii'Lf':2,.:+l4gf5-.' J X 1,9 Kp . -- .. - .53-'Qg 11,-: f' ' - - N - Ntwwf im M' 'f' . - - - x f' -.1 A N ' Q F QCYQ9 1 ' ' - . ,I - :. , -P Q .JY ,. V Il, Q ' .S . itz- , ' f ' ' ' 'Q W x' ' av-'f , . 1. D - - , , 1 A ff., Yi, , 3 '1' -wiff 9' -ff 1 .4 ' ' A ' 7 A ' . -9 x N I ' V. U 2 1,2 I ,, I, ,jx A 1 .4 Qi 5 i 4 A O' .- ., 'ff' 1 fn' Q U' . s . W . 1- . - -. .:.- - 'f J 1 ' 0 uf - I X 5 if swf'-s'1,'wr x I ' ti A 1 1 - w f J .A ,J ,A v-j x.e. K4 ,rf .fif -1 5.3 , ,-Q.-. I The purpose of education is to culture the mind of a ,man so that he can accomplish all his aims in life. Education, to justify- itself should enable a man to use the full potential of his body, mind and spirit. It should also develop in him the ability to make the -best use of his personality, surroundings and circumstances so that he may accomplish the maximum in life for himself and for others. There are tremendous latent possibilities which are never unfolded by V young people during their student life, the most precious time for laying the foundations of their careers. When we turn? our attention to the great educators of the Western World what we find in their works are two basic themes. First of all they sought to discover the underlying source of knowledge, the absolute field of existence. If such a source could be known then all the different objects of knowledge, they believed, would fall into proper order. Secondly, they wished to discover the highest goal of action, the summon bonum, as it has been called, and the incentive to achieve it so that men might be directed toward it and influenced by it. Once habituated to the highest good, right action, or virtue would become spontaneously lived by men. Unfortunately, a strictly intellectual approach was taken toward the investigation of the source of knowledge and right action. These educators were bound by their exclusive reliance on the objective intellect which set the tide of western thought from its inception down to the present time. We see that on the level of the intellect it is impossible to achieve a complete understanding of life by studying all the different fields of knowledge. How much of the world could ,be physically investigated and known through examination of phenomena?The universe is so vast and creation so unlimited that it is not possible to analyse and dissect everything in the entire creation. This is why the present system of education fails to quench the thirst for knowledge. It excites the thirst but does not have the means to satisfy it. Interdisciplinary studies must locate a common basis of all knowledge which will link together all different braches of learning, It is almost always Ifue that as man studies in any field he finds a greater field of the unknown lying ahead. However, much is known about a subject, more advanced study can eventually only reveal to the student a far greater range of knowledge which is yet unknown and to which he has no access. Present systems of education help more to expose the ignorance of a subject than to provide knowledge of it. This will al-ways remain the case so long as they are based only on information. Superficial knowledge of various subjects proves only to frustrate students rather than enlighten them. It is p0ssible to structure a fully developed man who will live' the benefit of all knowledge, by locating the home of all knowledge. The Science of Creative Intelligence shows that it is not necessary to master every held of knowledge in order to achieve the final gggl Of kn0wledge, KNOWLEDGE IS STRUCTURED IN CONSClOUSNESS.If the knower brings his awareness to the source of the thinking process, to where faint impulses of the thoughts start, then he will achieve the fruit which our great educators have labored so long to End. The Science of Creative Intelligence enables one to locate the integrated value of all disciplines through the practive of Transcendental Meditation. Transcendental Meditation allows the student to open his conscious awareness to the source of all knowledge and creation, pure Creative Intelligence. Everyone is aware that the hner levels of the universe are intrinsically more fundamental and more powerful. The atomic level is more powerful and fundamental than the chemical level, which in turn is more powerful than the outer gross level. Likewise, the mind also functions at deeper, more fundamental and powerful levels of thought. Underneath the subtlest layer of all that exists in the relative Held is the abstract, absolute held of pure Creative Intellignce which is unmanifested and transcendental. It is neither matter nor energy, it is the state of pure existence. This state of pure existence underlies all that exists. Everything is the expression of this field of Creative Intelligence which is the essential constituent of all relative life. Every thought we think is an impulse that comes from deep within the mind. Ordinarily, however, this impulse is perceived as thought only during the later stages of its development. Scientists now confirm that the average individual only uses approximately 5-1071 of his brain. In contrast to this usual experience of thinking at the surface level of the mind, Transcendental Meditation allows the conscious attention to be drawn automatically to the deepest and most refined level of thinking. When the mind transcends the subtlest thinking activity it is expanded to a state of pure awareness, its own unlimited reservoir of energy and creative intellignce. Transcendental Meditation was introduced to this generation by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and is taught by an organization of instructors whom he personally qualifies. This technique does not require intense concentration or any form of rigorous mental or physical control, and it is easily learned in a short period of time. The training does not involve devotion to any specific beliefs or life style. It consists simply of two daily sessions of practice, each 15-20 minutes. Although Transcendental Meditation uses the natural thought process it is not an intellectual activity and therefore cannot be successfully taught by written explanation. Rather the correct personal experience, properly adjusted to characteristics of each individual must be transmitted by a trained teacher. .. 11 1 ., ii 37 2' it ,. i l,, ,Wu Hhgmwlw his 4- Transcendental Meditation may be defined as a technique of releasing stress and bringing deep rest to the meditator. We know from our daily experience how much better we ,feel and lzow much more efficientwe are when we 've had a good nights rest. Our tolerance and clarity of mind is noticeably low when we're tired and from this we can see how important rest is in our lives. Transcendental Meditation brings an even deeper rest to tlze nervous system ,than is experienced in deep sleep. When a person sleeps, the body is less active. As a result tlze body needs less fuel to burn. During sleep tlze body' uses on an average of 2-55 less oxygen than during the waking state. A person who just sits with his eyes closed does not show an appreciable drop in oxygen consumption. But a person sitting with his ,eyes closed who is 'meditating shows a I5-205 decrease. The oxygen concentration remains normal and is readily available but because of tlze restful state of the body it needs and uses less. Scientihc evidencef has found tlzat during the period of Transcendental Meditation carbon dioxide eliminationg cardiac output, heart and respiratory rate also significantly' decrease. The metabolic rate is reduced by an average of ZOZ. - This physiological eviderzce, together with measurements of skin resistance, blood clzemistry and brain wave patterns, shows that an individual gains a profoundly deep state of rest wlzile tlze mind renzains :awake and able to respond to stimuli. These natural -df? s i, ,,. ,M ,,m.,,, effects clearly distinguish Transcendental Meditation form all other techniques which invlove effort, concentration, control, hypnosis or auto-suggestion. Scientists have described the period of Transcendental Meditation as a unique state of restful alertness f indicative of a fourth major state of consciousness as natural to man as the other three physiologically defined states: wakefulness, dreaming and deep sleep. u n Through personal instruction anyone can learn tlze technique and begin to enjoy tlzis contact with the source of thought, tlze inner field of pure Creative Intelligence. The benefits that come from the practice are automatic and cumulative, enriching all aspects of life. There exists an intimate and inseperable corznection between tlze individual and tlze universe: neitlzer is independant. For example, if a stone is thrown into a pond, waves are produced that travel throughout the pond. Each wave produces some effect in every part ofthe pond. Similarly, tlze wave of individual life, tlzrough its activity, produces an influence in all parts of tlze universe, Plzysics lzas revealed that through everything we do we produce vibrations in the atmosphere, Our every thought, word and action produces an influence in tlze atmosphere, and tlze quality of that influence depends upon the quality ofthe vibrations emitted by us. Everything in the universe is constantly influencing every other thing. This slzows how dependant and powerful is tlze life of the individual. V slil Q Ll-lb 6,44 nil fy Individuals who are restless, worried or troubled and who have no experience of real inner lzappiness continually produce unfavorable influences in their surroundings. Wlzen large nunzbers of people are unhappy, tense and unriglzteous, tlze atmosphere of the world is saturated with these tense influences. Wlzen tensions in the atmosphere increase beyond a certain limit the atmosphere breaks into collective calamities. The problem of world peace can be solved only by solving tlze problem of the individuals peace, and tlze problem ofthe individuals 'peace can only be solved by creating in him a state of happiness. We cannot lzave a peaceful world without lzaving peaceful individuals. It is now time tlzat those interested in world peace slzould attend to the peace ofthe individual. To try to solve tlze problem of international conflicts wlzile ignoring tlze problem of tlze individual is a wholly inadequate attempt to establish world peace. ' If a crises is created in Berlin tlze minds of all statesmen turn to tlzat city. lf something happens in Wetnam their whole attention switches to Vietnam, lf there is ,fighting in the Himalayas all their attention is directed there, Trying to solve tlzese problems individually is exactly like trying to make a leaf' lzealtlz y by spraying it with water instead of watering tlze root. By now man should be wise enough to know tlzat only by watering tlze root can the leaf be .' fx -- m really helped, History records tlze attempts of tlze statesmen to establislz lasting world peace, but because all attempts are made on tlze surface of international life and not on the level of tlze life of tlze individual tlze problem of world peace continues to be a problem for every generation. This can be applied to allsocialproblems. Until our attention is ,focused on tlze level ofthe individual, tlze root, rather than tlze level of tlze problem, poverty, prejudice, corruption, ignorance and unhappiness will continue to prevail. After meditating, an individual naturally engages in activity more effectively, being less susceptible to stress and strain on tlze nervous system, which is tlze velzicle for experiencing in daily life. Wlzen this velzicle has stress, normal functioning is impaired and tlzerefore full potential of tlze individual is not enjoyed. Witlz expanded awareness, increased clarity of perception and more profound knowledge of life, lze acts in a more loving and creatively intelligent manner. Transcendental Meditation unfolds the full potential of lzis mind and lzeart, making life a joy both ,for himselfand others. Regular practice of Transcendental Meditation insures tlze lzarmonious and balanced development of life. Tlzere practical benefits of Transcendental Meditation enable one to enjoy living in tlze sustained freedom of increasing aclzievement and fulfillment. 5 T R.K, Wallace, H. Benson, Scientihc American, Feb. 1972 . 1 v 1 --fi, , , ,.,, , Hr,Lg.g-'1 f 1 f . ' f M 1 1 ,W K x '- ' .TN f,' 1 F f . ,-wr af w f,-115 ', . ' -,jx -, 1 -.ug ,,. ,za 1 , ' 3,'gTffjgQl., . 4 . f ' '4 ,: . a 1 , Mig., V A 1 x V-, 4 f y,'4L,,A .u , v.. EA , ,., 3 . .',. ,N 115571, 72,5 N 'umm num ' 'iz ' A , ,Lf 4, 2 A 11- Y 4k 35- 4' 4' f 'W 'Av' if f Qi if 'X 1-'Y Nr' 'lsr' XF lf! ff- l N7 J, ggi 'H ,, v x , - Y 2 4 1 4? ,, L! V J X-+ Y 7 l'- I - i Z..- 3- If Z n ,,4L ,,,v- f Q FILIFI :Z-' .Z- f- , I am frequently disturbed by the apathy ofthe Christian community and tlze lack of' concern exhibited by church leaders regarding tlze influence of' rock and roll music on teenage values and mores. During one of' my crusades, on tlze night on whiclz I gave the testimony of' my conversion, I observed that there seemed to be few teenagers in the church. I discovered later that their parents had permitted tlzem to attend a performance by the Beachboys l a popular rock and roll group! in town that evening. I remember a young lady who insisted on taking issue with me on tlze dangers of rock and roll music after hearing me lecture on tlze subject. Later, I was told that she was a deacon 's daughter and lzad recently driven 300 miles and paid seven dollars for a ticket to lzear tlze Beatles, Wlzat a sad waste of money when finances are desperately needed to support the efforts of Christianity to promulgate tlze Gospel. Walk into most Christian homes witlz teenagers and you will find an ample supply of' rock and roll records, Punch the buttons on tlzeir automobile radios and you can be sure to find that at least one is set to rock and roll station. lf' you want to see a mass orgy in action, drop into a teenage rock and roll dance. Record hops are still popular in some sections of' the country, and often as many as 2, O00 teenagers will pay a SI - 52 admission fee to dance. The records are wilder tlzan those you generally hear, and tlze dancing is much more erotic tlzan one can imagine. These dances are really tlze modern version ofthe tribal dances, and dancing is body language... Of' course many of these dancesmmay be a way of wooing and courting, tlze foreplay to love making, Dr. Bernard Saible, a child guidance expert of' tlze Washington State division of' community services, stated in tlze Seattle Times, 'Normally recognizable girls behaved f at a rock and roll concert! as if possessed by some demonic urge, defying in emotional ecstasy tlze restraint with authorities try to place on them, The Enclyclopedia Britannica says, 'The therapeutic possession dances of' Africa have spread to tlze new world...In these dances an African deity enters a devotee and produces a frenzied dance in tlze character of a god. Could any statement by plainer, Is tlze trend from less skillful maneuvering in dancing to more rlzythmic forms .significant of demonic influence? Early American settlers followed tlze dancing examples set by Europeans Tlze innovations that were to come were derived from tlze Negro, who lzas lzad a greater creative influence on music and dancing tlzan any other ethnic group. The origin ofthe Negro influence is, ofcourse, Africa. These innovation were connected with heathen tribal and voodoo rites. The native dances to incessant, pulsating, syncopated rlzythms until he enters a state of' hypnotic monotony and loses active control over his conscious mind. Tlze tlzrob of tlze beat from tlze drums brings lzis nzind to a state wlzen tlze voodoo, wlzich Clzristian missionaries know to be a demon can enter him, This power then takes control ofthe dancer, usually resulting in sexual atrocities. Is there a legitimate connection between these religious rites and today 's modern dances? XX 1, X V 1,- 45-3 , sqsx Q 9,,x N-lr xx we Rx Z1 X ti , 1 , 5,5 P - 4 '45 z X K vase-.L'-3 I I A , J J' . W f f A, N' 1 ' -1-mg, Nl ff, . 3 U. at X -vi! . ' .4 .a. f Y if X, . M' P' ,QD Because of our technologically oriented society, universal determinism and inductive reasoning are very prevalent in tlze thought processes of' people today. Our educational system is based upon accepting only those facts which can be observed and investigated. The twentietlz century mind thinks in terms of scientific procedure and controlled experiments, and therefore has difficulty in accepting the existence of' spiritual entities on an empirical basis. A study of'demonol0g.V is usually relagated to tlze ranks ofsuperstitiong lzowever, a recent resurgence of interest in clairvoyance and ESP has given credibility to the reality of' supernatural factors and events in life. Taking tlzis into account, it is my lzope that the readers of tlze books will not reject tlze ensuing discussion without serious consideration. V, 4, ,, ,,,. 51' 4 Us Any intelligent discussion ofthe little-1inderstood subject of demonology should begin with a definition of' terms. A demon nzay be regarded as a spirit being not discernable through tlze five, physical senses. It is not necessary to argue for their existence as this is universally accepted in all religions. Pagan religions, wlzich believe in tlze re-incarnation ofspirits, are based on 'inysteries and oracles from thetower of' Babel on down to tlze present. The Bible gives a broad outline of' this subject, referring to it as 'the mystery of' iniquity. Lucifer's fall, as set forth in Isaiah, the fourteenth chapter, and Jeremiah, the fourth chapter, and Exekiel, the twenty-eighth chapter marks the origin of' evil in this universe. Since his fall, he is referred to in Holy Writ as 'Satan, the old Devil, and tlze god of this world. One writer indicated that as many as one-third of' tlze angels og heaven joined Lucifer in his initial rebellion. Man is the prey of these fallen creatures. Tlzey are regimented into legions swelling in regions of' the deep and assail nzen for the possession of' their faculties. Tlzrouglz nzen they find expression for their diabolical purpose of' disposing him and diserediting God. Those who consort with spirits are known as witches, wizards, or warlocks. Tlzeir occult coinnzunication with these fallen creatures is established in elaborate rituals. An array of' pagan gods stand on the ruins ofhistory, .shrouded in fear and superstitution, still holding .strange gravity even in tlzis enlightened age. A w 'Ai K -lag., at . Wi' Christ came to earth to deal witl1 nzen's problems on a personal level, He revealed to nzen that demons of blindness, deafness, and spirits of injirmity were holding them prisoner. Satan had accomplished this by an infusion of his power into the very nature of men, The New Testament contains many instances in which Christ utilized exorcism, 'Cast out devils, Jesus said to the seventy as He sent them out, in Matthew, the tenth chapter, and the Great Commission oflllark, the sixteenth chapter, contains tlze same commandment. There are also instances lsuch as in the .filth and ninth chapters oj'Marlcl when demons spoke and uttered cries, During the revival at Samaria, under Phillip's ministry, it is stated that unclean spirits cried with loud voices and canze out of many, Sacred scripture accounts ,lor many strange emotional and physical actions as the tormented souls were set ,free from imzer bondage. Once, the victinz wallowed, foaming at tlze mouth while another was ' torn ' and still others seemed to lie in a trance with their eyes glazed in a semi- conscious stupor, Either Christ was a superstitious liar and the Bible is a collection ofjables, or we must accept the reality of tlze existence of demons and their capacity of jN2.S'.S'L'.S'.S'llIg men. le S1- Timothy 4:1 declares, 'The Spirit speaketh expressly that in the latter times many slzall depart from the faith, giving lzeed to seducingnspirits and doctrines of demons. I was aware of the connection between demons and dancing even before my conversion, l speak from experience as to tlze effect rock and roll rhythms lzave on the mind. Wlzen you perform at a dance, the songs do not last two or three minutes as they might on a recording. Instead, you learn to control your crowd by the music that you play. I have played one song continuously for as long as I5 to 20 minutes. There were times while playing rock and roll music, ' tlzat I became so engrossed and my senses deadened, that I was hardly aware of wlzat was going on about me. As a minister, I know what it is like to feel the function of the Spirit As a former rock and roll muscian, I know what it means to feel the counterfeit annointing of Satan. I' know the experience of having had this eveil force come upon me and transport me into another world, and I declare to you that it is a miracle that it was not necessary to use exorcism on me before I could accept Christ as my Saviour. It is only God's mercy that kept mefrom becoming possessed of demons during my years as a rock and roll muscian. A There is no difference between the repetitive movements of' witch doctors and tribal dancers and the dances of American teenagers. The same coarse bodily motions which lead African dancers into a state of uncontrolled frenzy are present in modern dances. It is only logical, then, that tlzere must also be a correlation in the potentiality of demons gaining possessive control ofa person through the medium of the beat. This is not entirely my own theory, but it is the message that missionaries have urged, me to bring to the American public. Many have told me of their disgust at being sent to foreign lands to save people fro m what is going on in America 's teenage dances. I have walked Bourbon Street in New Orleans and the North Beack section of San Francisco where the topless nightclubs originated, and have heard tlze same music in all such places: rock and roll. What other soundscould give tlze incentive for a young lady, nearly nude, , to go tlzrough the most erotic gestures conceivable for hour after hour. I have observed teenagers frantically gyrate for hours to primitive rhythms, until they nearly dropped from exhaustion. Such scenes bear such a singular resenblance to heathendom that they cannot be dismissed without pondering tlze social and religious implications l TX. A-Q0 6 X4 ,K H' Lkbmwx' gk., GF 'Sk YXKK-K mth! mx kk CQLLQKLLKUKRK fad' with '--. 1 realize that what 1 shall state in tlzis paragraph is tlzeoretical and very controversial, but I am firmly convinced of its veracity. Tlze day is approaclzing when one-half of'America's population will be under 25 years of age. Satan knows tlzat if he is to be effective in these last days before the imminent return of Christ, he must gain control of youth. Rock and roll is tlze agency which Satan is using to demon-possess this generation en masse. I have seen witlz my own eyes, teenagers become demon-possessed while dancing to rock and roll music. It was particularly noticeable Wifll girls. 0119 might expect a young lady to maintain some decency while dancing, but I have seen teenage girls go througlz contortions that could only be the manifestation of demonactivity. lt used to strike fear in my heart when I would see tlzese things happen as tlzey danced to my music. A demon does not have to stay in a person if he does not find tlzat one permanently advantageous to his purposesg lzowever, as tlzat person gives himself over to the rhythms of rock and roll, the demon may momentarily enter, do moral and spiritual devastation, and then leave again. On Friday and Saturday nights across America, tlze devil is gaining demonic control over thousands of teenage lives. It is possible that any person wlzo lzas danced for substantial lengths of time to rock and roll music may lzave come under the oppressive, obsessive, or possessive influence of demons. Knowing tlzis, churches and clergymen need to shed their cloak of compromise and firmly denounce rock and roll dances. Dancing is no longer an artistic form of expression I if' it ever was! but a subtle instrumentof Satan to morally and spiritually destroy youth. Z1 u th or Un kno wn 51' fffif -:wa 3 f 1' it v Qmffff elm- 5 fir! 'ii'?i'3'i -VV me if' V . ' -:5t?5'a' if 1' Y: 'G' 'Q 1 -we - -if r ' H. - 4' , , I .. ks 4 J, N. 'Qx . ' , z - a g . x ft ' 1 U' 1 1, , . f X Q f E rl f 1 3 V if ' ...ff ,,', ' H I rf Q W 'L' ,,. I N, Q ef , K f 11' 1 .,,, .', fl.. . ,lj - 'A ' 1 51 A 9' 1 f sf ., . 5 I, 1 ., 15 . V . X I 'Q I me I - ,ez Q gh, V , ' N .f xg ' 'ef' 1 by ' Ni' fo YK xv A N- . x as ' ' s P ve P ff ff X., P, ' ' XX' sg f ff . K X X A17 R' H' P P Q' X 6 4: , v n .1 lt, gfxxwgt J fb Please allow me to introduce myself I'm a man of wealth and taste I've been around for long, long years stolen many a man 's soul and faith I was around when Jesus Christ had his moment of doubt and faith 1 made damn sure that Pilate washed his hands and sealed his fate I stuck around St Petersburg when I saw zt was time for a change 1 killed the tzar and his ministers Anastasia screamed in vain I rode a tank lzeld a generals rank when the blzzkrzeg raged and the bodies starzk and I lay traps for troubadors who get killed before they reach Bombay N ,Q Just as every cop is criminal and all the sinners Saints P as heads is tails just call me Lucifer 'cause I 'm in need of some restraint So if you meet me have some courtesy have some sympathy and taste use all your wcll learned politesse or I ll lav your soul to waste I watched with glee while your kings and queens fought for ten decades for the gods they nzade I shouted out 'Who killed tlze Kennedy sf when after all zt was you and me So please allow me to introduce myself I am a man of wealth and taste and I lay traps for troubadors who get killed before they reach Bombay Pleased to meet you hope you guess my name But whats puzzling you is the nature of my game Pleased to meet you lzope you guess my name but what s purzlzng you is the nature of my game I I I L . . . . I - t 'H . . , . J ' , ' . - ' ' ' A ' '1 . ,, , ' , , I , y . ' , ' ' v' 9 . . . ' ' 'I . , . H the Rolling Stones 4' Q X l 5 'Q aww +A!- la L R' '59 'u'-'s'Q-N . VN 'bib J---n--aah ,lg ig ' k -gl ..f Z- POC.lC3G:T 2Qt?1f90OQOQ2QGQQ 9 me .aww fl, O 09 6343636 9 rw Q 4 .eg R, 'Y I I Q - 0 . . 5,13 ,lf b . fail' K E Q Q . Q . lg ':f,-' L-get :g ' 1 A 'V .L 1 I . ,SDA Y: ,E M ,l'! ' 4 -it V ,r A 4 4 ' f i ,2g, I f. i Q CJ Q. c ' T , i ,KAA ., . y . g. . G M as., 1 . A .er 4' : , Q0 N K H ii? ' C3 C5 fa? G ' 5 . L 4 dl , . Southeastern Massachusetts University is a cultural phenomenom. Physically it looks like a cast-off' set that Stanley Kubrick forgot to use in 2001. Morally the people who function in it seem like snaggle-tootlzed extras from A Clockwork Orange. lt is an institution tlzat operates merrily in a blind vacuum, The 'Troubles' of' 1969, 1970 and 1971 in retrospect were not the result of' any great solidarity with impassioned strikers on other campuses. Instead they were a series of' banal chess games played by inept players. In 1969 students, faculty and administrators discovered each other. Students are always fascinated by sex of' course. They have three great topics of' concern and conversation: al who is sleeping with wlzo at the moment, bl dope and cl if' there s no dope available, liquor, Faculty and administrators are basically in love with the same things but they tend to substitute money for dope. fWlllIC'.YS the recent noble AFT scramble for free state goodiesl. SMUs 'revolutions' happened because early in 1969 administrators found out that certain young faculty members lzad more than the expected faculty-student relationships going with tlzeir prettier students. This information had been freely known by everyone else on campus for montlzs but ittakes longer for stuff' to reach middle aged ears. Mornings in the cafe there was almost a ratings system going: 1 point if'you slept with a student, 5 points ifyou were living with a faculty member preferably some one itz sociology and a big 10 if' you were making it with a dean. lf' Joseph Leo Driscoll lzad not tried so hard to avert an open scandal, he would probably have saved himselff By mixing politics witlz moral intrigue he ended up wrecking himselfl The original group of' straying faculty were extremely bright people. They were unhappjf with their jobs. They were young and stupidly naive about academic proceedure. Stuck in a provincial university they could be terribly articulate about politics and poverty, Attracted to the idea ofmarclzing bravely to tlze barricades they naturally used students to get them there. ,1-itil At SMU these faculty had a group of' insecure, lower-middle class .students to play with. It was a perfect chance to indulge in Messiah fantasies. You poor, inadequate, intellectual cast-offs are in need of help. Come and we will lead you. Together we will build a hee world. It worked beautifully. By the time Driscoll took his first action against the faculty, there were students ready to go down in flames. The SMU strikes were not a noble .series of childrens crusades against a new Irish Hitler. They were instead a badly written farce that became more and more convoluted as months stretched out. Human beings were damaged. There were groups of' students at SMU wlzo hadn 't been near a classroom since they enrooled. Several students weren't able to graduate in four years and needed a fifth year to finish. Now SMU has supposedly grown up. Back to business as usual. This stability has lasted about a year and a halff A new passion has crept into SMU. Students, faculty and administrators have again found something to love -- politics. SMU has caught up with the issues that excited other campuses in the sixties. People now rush around the hall with gleams of' lust in their eyes POWER something to be sought and grabbed at. Anyone wlzo isn't bored to death is playing an angle. Front sex to power, SMU takes off By Peggi Medeiros Q9 C? g ?? ffw Na fl' W A Q ,f 3., 5 'Tl-IEYHRE PIAYIMGA GAME Tl-lEYARE19cHyfMo- ATMGT PLAYmcfA GAME IF I 511000 THEM I SEE WEYARQI SHA!! BRC-79K'I1lE RULES f9ND'l745Y will FUAIISH ME 1' moSl' PLAYYFIEIR c-AME GFASOT SEEIMG I SEE THE GAME KNOT5 R.D.LAlNG X E9 B 5' 5 ,., - ' - 9 .- ff HISTORY I5 THE NIGHTMARE, I5-THE KECORDS, DOCUMENTS, PHoTocsI2A PHS, I-'Il-MS, STQRIES, POEMS, ARTICLES OFTHE LAST BEGINNING BACKNHRD FROMIHE END, FALLING NEATL7 IN'Io PLACE, ONE FOLLOUOING- UPON HNOTI-IER H5 IF THERE WERE SOME PRIMAL, ALMOST HLPI-IABEUCAL DESIGN 16 THE RLISIIES QF PHYSICS THEY DE:sC12II3,E somcwnerzez BETHIEEN THE EYES OFTHE FILING-CLERK AND THE CURLING- NERUE ENDS OF HIS SPINE MIA 7 Mx DONALD ph VIVA I UNLESS You meme 1:-s1eoucfHT uPTHmu6H THE PHILOSQPHIEE, THE SENSE OR NON SENSE OFPI THING- SI-IOU LID BE LIKE THAT WHICH 'I-OUCHE5 U3 LIKE DHNEE, ORPUKE SOUND GF HARDWOOD, F7lVE EDGED NOTE S To mouE UIRQQGH, THFIT FALL LJ ITH GRAVITY, WALK AROUND 2flV7AKE LOVE I LJAY fVIaDomlD mm 0? li ' 9 W I I Q ,I+ , , -W ' .3 R I 1 V A-G' V I' e mg . 2 . 5 ...-f---A-A - . li ., 0 , -x, 5 , 'H' Q -. . 4 ,- I --f.. ,V V t , . 1 J, , 'U - X Q F ' . .lc , 4 ' ,' ii READ. READ. READ. READ. ku-IY DO You DO THAT? BUY H MALL-SIZE FOLOKT V. SET iw!-BTQH UUE IN THE Doa HOUSE 'FOR LOOKING- AT HIS 0UlFE'S ATHIS oufFE'5 BIG BIG- wH1TE ASS. M174 IAITENI READ. REHD.Rl:74D. READ.wHY DQYOU DO THAT? I WHY Mc, Dom-QLD I K .QQPRINCE f M A in 3 . I Ruuas OF PomTcAL BeHA wok IM AMERICA 1.7115 PEOPLE ONLY RISEGVER 'IPX issues. 6 were ARE Reuozows HERE MARE Kespecrms PAJQUJQ FF PR:-:Hy wellmvbvle FAURC. IF 2. UNDERSTAND 'FIAT THIS is NQTSQ YOU-VNKE RELIGIOKBSTD BE OF Two MUG!-lfl wWocfa4c,v 193 A CORPORLWOM KIAJDSJFIOSE 7l7AT5f1l3KACE UFEAND MTH All 17-IE BOREDNK WHICH 77115 XMPUES, 7171035 711147 EZVIUZGCEHJQTH WC 7171555 777ELASSlTUDEOFl545lLY1Yb4AJUE4CTURE'D T557-?ELl6l0M50F135Wl.FUT'mEl7?0l1W KEPf:1THoM. 13R1MG77-IISIAUD :evra MIAGES 3EFUKE7?f01lfMlDl4UCK fremwaeea SPEECH 2 amaze: 7610 zuorzns wfu. sinus RJR 4- we wfllwl IN IMD IKDES C2005 BUT ONE-i,U5ETHEM. nRsTc1feePau 7125 iwmxanwfnfexmormoncyfevefzvf- if THING' HERE IS ME6077r93LE, .. WHL , I. xx my ffzcvww I - - I - , -NR 4, fxx x x .Q H . ,4 o'o 0.0.0 0 O.l'l'O'0'l'l'l'l'l'l'l'O'0'0'l'0 0 I I I I I I V A V ' ' ' A ................-........f................................. Y Q -.......................-..... .....-......... -- .........-................... ........--.......-.....-..... . ...,.......................... ..............-...,....... . .....-...............,....... ...-.......-.......... ... ............................. ........,-............... ... ............................ ....-...................... U -..........-.............-... .-.....-.................... . ............................ .............................. ..........................-. .............................. f......................-... ............................U ..............-............. ............................. ......................-.... ............................U ...-.-.................-... ..........................-.. .......................... .........-.................p ......-.................... .....-........-.............. .-........................ ...........................F ............-............. ..........-.....-........... .....-.-.................. ........................... -...............-......... ...........-................ ......................... .......................-... .....-................... ........................... ..............-.......... ..........-................ , ......-...-.............. ........................... ........................ ..................,....... ...........-............. .......................... ......-................. .......................... .................-...... .......................... ....................... ......................... ........................ .......................... ....................... ......................... ....................... ......................... ,...................... ........................ ..........-............ ......................-.. ,...................... ........................ ...-.................. ........................ ....................... ........................ ...................... ........................ ...................... ....................... ...-................. ....................... ...................... ....................... ....-................ ..........-............ ..................... ...................... .................... ....................... ..................... ...................... .................... ....................U .................... ..................... ................... ..................... .................... ..................... ................... ...................U ................... ..................... ................... .................... ................... .................... .................. ................... .................. ......... .... ....... .................. ................... .................. ................... ................. .................. ................. ....... ....... .... ................. .................. ................. .. ..... . .... ..... ................ ................. ................. ... ..... . .... .... ................ ... .......... ... ................ .... .... . ....... ............... ......... . ..... . ................ ......... . ..... ................ ............ ... ............... . ............ .. ............... ............. .. ............... . .... . ....... . ............... ........... .. .............. ............ .. ............... ....... .... .. .............. ....... . ..... .............. ........... .. ............. . ......... .. .............. .......... .. ............. ......... .. ......... .... .......... . . .... .. .... . ........... .. .......... . .......... .. .... ...... ....... .... ............ .......... . .... ....... .... ..... .... .... .... ....... .. ........... ...... ... ........... . ..... ... ........... ........ ........... ....... .......... ...... .. .. ........ ....... ..........-.......-. l. ...'....... ... .... .. ..... . . ........ . ..... . Q-u.n'o'n.c.u-sin' -'ffm'-' ........ ..... ......... .... ........-....... . . ... . . .... .. .. - - I The conflict between generations is intense within thetechno-culture because controls are invisible and all-encompassing. The crisis in the universities comes into perspective when we perceive the crucial role of higher education in imprinting the American way on the younger generation. Universities operate by rational discussion. So far so good, since classrooms are places where books are interpreted and ideas discussedj Students realize that their future prospects depend upon their achievements in the academic system. They know that the standards for achievement, content of programs and judgments of competence are set by the faculties. Students also find that their protests over the quality of their education 'and the careeris.t preoccupation of their professors go unheard, as the Cox Report on the Columbia University confrontation made clear. In brief, coercive power over the lives and hopes of students is now vested in institutions of higher education. These institutions are managed by yrustees, administrators and faculties. They exercise invisible control over the life chances of the young. When their control is challenged by student sit-ins and demonstrations, educational authorities protest that they have no power. They rule by rational discussion. This picture of the campus conflict is, of course, rather one-sided, since it is drawn to illumine the centrality of the problem of control in our techno-cutlute. Whatever questions one may raise about the tactics used by students in the confrontations, the coercive character- of higher eduation is such that this is a head-on power struggle over who is to control the future of the new generation. This means that the confrontation will sooner or later come to rest in the faculty-student relationship, because faculty members hold the power of vocational life and death over their students in the new socity. The real difficulty with the student protest is not its tactics, though these have often been barbarous and ineffective. T heir real difficulty is that they are caught in the vicious circle of coercion which surrounds a technological order. In struggling for a voice in the university power structure, students are caught in the same vicious circle which now traps faculty and administration. The problem of the university is not who controls it but what education means. Education, now, reflects the techno-culture. Getting a voice in the educational system means nothing unless the real significance of education is clearly understood. The question is not who has power in the university, but what the university is doing. This is the question that neither faculty nor administrators have been able to discuss -- rationally or otherwise. They do not wish to be bothered, and unhappily this is true of many students as well. It may seem strange, but faculty and students have turned each confrontation into a power struggle, avoiding the real issue of what it means to educate and be educated. - Higher education today faces crisis of soul and truth. For the most part, the conflict between the controlling culture and the Search for soul is blunted and obscured in the campus revolt. The crisis of soul is the heart of the university question and cannot be resolved in a struggle for power. The struggle on the campuses defines the crisis as a power struggle, and there is no doubt that a more equitable distribution of power is desirable. Sympathies with campus protest arise in the student body, however, from frustration over the irrelevance of much academic work to problems of human existence. Students sense that they are not being educated. This is the underlying issue in the campus revolt. When preoccupation with control gives way to serious reflection on what it means to be a whole person and what, it anything, education has to do with becoming human and shaping a good socity, then faculties and students may transcend the impasse in which techno-education has trapped them. They may begin to discuss authentic education together and find a new pedagogy. N 1 iz A U V I 7,7eRe IS ACUQAXS MOWING rf P60 M550 Jof145Wm5o76 wOf?RYKl5aS7',f We are proposing, then, that the techno-culture cherishes innovation on its own terms. It accepts feedback but not authentic dialogue. By its nature such a society casts a network of controls over existence, programming the minds and futures of its youth. Consequently, the innovations which it encourages only reinforce the system. Innovations in thought, politics and fundamental issues are taboo and will be suppressed with violence when they appear. So the vaunted innovation of the techno-culture occurs only within the narrow confines of its own programs. Challenges to the educational venture itself will simply not be tolerated. They bring into question the ground on which the techno-culture rests? that is, they question the premise that the system possesses the truth and loyalty to the system is equivalent to pursuit of truth. Here, howeever, the crisis of soul discloses its tragic character. Protests within the techno-culture lack ground from which to challenge the system. We have already seen this tragic impasse in the campus revolt which devolves into a power struggle between faculty and students over control of a process that really obstructs instead of furthering education. The problem is not who controls but the single and sovereign priciple of control itself. lf control is the meaning of human existence and the ultimate criterion of truth -- understanding, prediction and control -- then techno-man holds all the cards. This is the radical question in the probing, searching, exploring and exploding struggle of the new generation. It is the question which is gnawing at the vitals of the whole American system. And this is the question which baffles the established generation as it tries to understand the crisis that grips the young. The older generation is so committed to control as the meaning of existence, including its own invisible control over the coming generation, that it cannot comprehend the groaning, painful search by the new generation to find a humanity beyond control and productivity. Its only resource for responding to the revolt of youth is its inner malaise, which creates a certain sympathy. Of course, the deeper reality here is that a life devoted to controlling reality comes up hard against the uncontrollable inoneself, in others and in the universe. 'E x. 4 ,tu , V' ALI H Xhpi- '-ni' 86 5,44 r' X 'EFS L-39 FEW' The struggle against control by the new generation sheds light on the prblem of drugs in American society. Drugs, and by this we mean primarily the hallucinogens which are appealing to middle-and -upper-class youth, create anxiety in the older generation. To be sure, there are bad trips and some realistic fears can be harbored against such drugs, particularly in their long-term effects. However, drugs reveal a distance between the older and newer generation which underlines the peculiar, new kind of struggle for soul that engages American society in this period. LSD and other hallucinogens are ways of releasing control over oneself, submitting to powers beyond one's calculations and previous training. These drugs break the controls so carefully contrived by parents and social institutions. They break the invisible hold of the society. Hence, these drugs run directly counter to the whole meaning of existence on which the older generation has built its world. They represent the breaking up ofthe rule of will, calculation and control which is the latterday version of the Protestant ethic. The very idea of such drugs is not only abhorrent to the older generation, it is actually beyond its comprehension. These drugs explode the techno-culture. We have been arguing that the crisis of soul arises from the impoverished psyche of techno-man. We have stressed the opening up of a life of feeling and community over against objective rationality and depersonalized existence. If existence is open to feeling, depth, awe and mystery -- the incalculable as well as calculable -- then control cannot be the single and sovereign principle of existence. There must be depths and inner reaches of experience and truth which extend beyond the contollable. Truth is far more encompassing than measurable effects. And techno-man is a partial, very limited perspective on a rich, encompassing world. The new generation seizes upon hallucinogenic drugs as a way of exploring this encompassing reality -- as a way of shedding the controls of techno-man. Mind-expanding and mind-exploding experiences break the invisible contols. In a world constituted by and for control, drugs appear- as countercultural -- the rejection of control. Where alcohol sedates the controlling will, drugs open the will to the uncontrollable. Drugs symbolize and mediate the new generation's struggle for soul as a radical break with the calculable world of techno-man. aff 9 Q' :.,s 15 A ,. 63 1 HN. ,-. 1177 Deliverance from domination by techno-culture will take more than festivals. confrontations and drugs. Blind-expanding drugs may give some earnest of such release. but evidence indicates that this is an evanescent liberation. Drugs disclose both the search for soul and the powerlessness of the new generation. After all, the techno-culture is far more advanced and skilled in the administration of drugs than its young rebels1indeed, the turn toward drugs reflects dependence upon technology. lf the battle is to be waged on this front. there is no question who will emerge as victor. The established order is already maintaining itself through ingestions of alcohol and traquillizers. lt can easily develop drugs to adjust the rebellious youth. The real issue is how one deals with the undergirding reality of the techno-society - really coping with its principle of control. This means finding a way to transcend the principle of control, including control of one's psyche with drugs. Dropping out and tripping out are kinds of transcendence. -v, -IQ, -.ASQ '-l.: Violent confrontations are also a mode of transcendence. since they create distance through negation. But negation can do little more than open a space for challenging the technological drive to make verything a means to productivity. That challenge has to draw upon an alternative reality which is more promising for humanity that the rule of the productive system. The negation is trying to get around technology by technical means. The problem is how to get through and beyond technology so that it can serve man rather than control him. BEING FREE GIBSON WINTER um' Ron, i've been courtin yer wife these last few years,8L yes, i've come for her hand,8t yes, thats right, you aint nobody 'cept to bum cigarettes off of,8L i hunt among your papers for what she might see in you,8c study her paintings for what she thinks better not to come right out 8a say,8L i got five here says she'11 take me over you if i could just, please, hold her hand, please while we down these couple of beers Way McDonald . f,-v-'.- -,rffx Wim, rv ' -, a A,r.,.fA.1..?f. Hffflifibhbasyg gras. -- t -,-,R N sv' ,, -:gf-FQ 4: Ps: ' I-19:11 'rl N -4. :. idk? .1'F'?5' :Q '-.':'- EZ, . ' 1 ', ,f gen-1,-'Q - .uni 3...- --:-,-...-- ' s 2,15 feb' . 1 :ara ?1'5i f if 1'w '-9'-Ly' a.:2 np.i-Q-:1 'X' 'fx' -. : f'w v-Prf' ',1.'. ' QW: ..A 4':'-:--' 5 '-.--:':.P.-'. '57, 'f-vm' .4--1-flf. ,v ,- . 1,g,Af .f. - Y '- . . . . .. gm--:I -A .'....-- .-., ,-v 2,'I'.cA.4V f f 'Ax 1' -1 , -' 1 EE! if ' af' . 1, ,' 2. -.,1 .- vw .v:A., ffl if-s-.':'.'.4 , . ., ,. . . ',aT--22-'ip'-251-f5-q3: ..2,F, f':f'11,' f, , X.f..,,5gfz-753 1 :ECS -52-ff c 1 . ., . L,-.1 Q mf 2 -A ' .fr A , - . .., , 9. -I ,. T-'L .175-I- 5 g--f!f'1 . 11 ,LT -.'g. .. 1,5 ' .' Ig- J 1 ,.- ., .fgg i.. 97:4 ..1.,gf.1il-, 5. J -IF:Q.1a'g'-',g',., ' I . -1 11.6.- 1 A.,-. 'gk is, -.X i K - f?fF2-x'Pf22j?2fzf R 'X' K 1 I . -x ,, ..-, f.. ,, V. - '4:-: L - 'JC 1 ...-71-fn .'-4 .-...e-'sw RIDE AWAY TO BOSTON, RIDE AWAY TO LYNN, LOOK OUT LITTLE BABY OR YOU MIGHT FALL IN. L wp : 1 P 'Q rw MWQ W O :- . ' ,ll ,B ' 1 IW!! I if ' . 4 F 617641 215 Tfvfff Occu ,965 ff? vans ML As -,' x gf , If K IJ. ,,, A-G ' -f- X .- . 5. Ai. H L H Ni :f ' xi'-4 'w'..2Y r ' X X a ' ' ' 'aw NW 55 JG 'A ,-X L- f 'f 5 nv' gv 9 -I , 4 ,R E:- ve 726 aff f?PfOeaa.ch wise wnfs ,WML 77g,6'FffC WAS Mfhfwffl ffjfy 4'f5m577?dC77E5fy , 6!!'4f77?6'5 W1!-?7' MJFWQD pf! U5 07 Q64f6f'ff977Z45 I ,. fi Q HK H91 04,13 H194 6-641.001 Fffeffuj Kino fl 7A-rss 7W 'V'AfWlD6'D azkzf ff4FA',4 an 71:5 Cow: fs-fff. m,q,4 Luka ffrf fb Wu, f6P7' 4 J'-QFIVI 544' ffz ff AOAMKQK awww, War Manor? HHDUQD Qhlgg Zjqg 57'9f7D dh, A nu .DOQK SEA sou i'LL Bum HUNTL-:Rs CAP :E ROLL UP IN A '45 cnevv wma, mx MOUNTED SHOTGONS HND DUCK CELLS ON A WWE DECK, LIKE i was ONE OF THEM i YOULUONT LETON, PITCH A TENT OM YOUR GROUNDS Som ELLWERE5 HND TOGQTHER ww- 1-'OCR OPWHELR crows i Bmw OLTVTHELR AKSE HOOTE12 5 HND SEND 'ITIEM BECK WO 'WE cmes LMHERL-: 'mari PHT DREAMS SPA mm, RETORAHMO HOME we WORM BY IMOGDS TuoENTy SEASONS OP 'U-IERE OOOOLIWT LEAD THEM 'RJ UNDERSTAND WM M DGNALD i .E .2-3' My KINEITC, JPHYSIC5 - H16-I-IMHYHS ROAQ IUMEHN LJNE VELOCTVY VECTOR VARIABLES SQED ionze-:CI XONTDMOVE luELLALONCr LJARPS OFG-RAUIW AND HUMOURS WHERE YourzE 5om1NCfFr2ofvx LQHERE You AEE LUHERE YOQRE Gome- LQHERE YOVRE COMINGFRQM L5 Auuf-W5 UOHERE You ARE STQUONHRY UP T0 26 UNVVS PCR SEQ. DIMIASISHWG nv VALUE OR IMPORTANCE A5 'IT-IE UHLUE OF wHE2E YQQRE CSOING-110612673655 Emooon HORSE 51-HT RT 1 151211065 'IT-IEORY To ITS KNEE5 REDUCE3 I-JFVQH 1-HKWG T0 GUMSHOTS it Vo0Doo GETS MAP ASK Arzoumb LUFW NIQDOMALD I MF f! ,,., -,g.gi L, 1 igfg K K ,Q A ' ' ,. .3451 is nel 125, ig, N ,X Xie, y X Q-,,,.Q,,.w1,,,. Qfyq, ' 112391 .4 'gf-VX tX '?'3. - ,. W, GC.. ,am .J v P X ' Q 3' AQ, xfQ LQffQ-'Z' A 1 Q i CGUNT MY FRIENDS NUMBERS HRC THE T-'URTHEST ABS1'RnQT'ON l6 ME' C1'HAvEA NEW wammommfj cuavme- up UP up up icgovNTmY FRIENDS 'may ARE omfmouon mANY'16me owe' from-: fiom: 5 30 om +OM OK one EVERYTHING- one THE ABSTPAJ wHoLe qi Bama-ED mv I-'mesa WITH me Hemme:1zXATwom4 1b1v-BU NON AMER THE FACT ALCLWY6 AFTER WT-IE Denim 'TT-It DETAIL AFT:-:RTHIS MOM AFTER 'FT-nfs MEMORY OF 77415 GF Now LUHOLE 'IRE PARTS MQMBERS GNC 'FAO 'W-IKEE 'Fowl We 51X se,uaN EIGHT mme Zz-:Ro HRTZHNGED famvwfw You me 'mem YOU CAN'T KNOW what it's like to be alive untilyou've been a thief in a dark room where someone is sleeping. There 's no way I can tell you -- how awake you are, how much you can hear -- you can hear with your skin -- how much you know. There 's a police car moving over there three blocks away. You know its tlzere. You sense it. You feel it moving. I' U CAN It A-maint, I I Absfw' .J K i ,min .Y K ,, J, Qgpffzt s as -, NVQ If-.Q-vf - 1 - ' gi-4 ,t ,4j'f' fi ' ' in QAZ1. ' 1 5,4 ,rH ,. V. Wx., X f. 4 N My friend is a successful novelist, a journalist, a critic. As a teen-ager, however, he had been a member of a gang of thieves. Now he was telling me what all of us keep forgetting to acknowledge: that the Civilized condition, while nurturing us, robs us of the chance to be all that we could be. Our fascination with every rogue, every free-roving adventurer from Ulysses through Tom Jones, Jesse James, John Dillinger to James Bond reveals an impulse toward lawlessness in us all. Civilization's songs, tales and chronicles are filled with rascals. Maybe it is more than entertainment. Take fairy tales and children's stories. There is a moment in Kenneth Grahame's The Wind in the Willows twritten in the early l900sl when the irrepressible Mr. Toad finds himself in the presence of the one thing most forbidden to him, a motorcar. I wonder, he said to himself presently, I wonder if this sort of car starts easily? Next moment, hardly knowing how it came about, he found he had hold of the handle and was turning it. As the familiar sound broke forth, the old passion seized on Toad and completely mastered him, body and soul. As if in a dream he found himself, somehow, seated in the driver's seat: as if in a K' wb' .. uf sz' 41, 'ly M5-tr-P -'M is 'Mrk dream, he pulled the lever and swung the car round the yard and out through the archwayg and, as if in a dream, all sense of right and wrong, all fear of obvious consequences, seemed temporarily suspended. He increased his pace, and as the car devoured the street and leapt forth on the high road through the open country, he was only consicous that he was Toad once more, Toad at his best and highest, Toad the terror, the traffic-queller, the Lord of the lone trail, before whom all must give way or be smitten into nothingness and everlasting night. He chanted as he flew, and the car responded with sonorous drone, the miles were eaten up under him as he sped he knew not whither, fulfilling his instincts, living his hour, reckless of what might come to him. For his action, Mr. Toad suffers the full wright of the law. He is tried, convicted, sentenced, loaded with chains and dragged shrieking, praying, protesting to the remotest dungeon of the best-guarded keep of the stoutest castle in all the length and breadth of Merry England. Toad's high moment, and his punishment as well, speak to us from Civilization's forbidden lectern, as does Milton's Satan, gloriously unrepentent, the penultimate crosser of boundaries, doomsday enemy of The System: 'AVS' -QQXQ .. .ignbfel - . ' Q x ' , A 7 .X 'e A .i - - .Easy I 1 ' - F ' ' , Q ,W I Q I l - vvg l 1 V . ' . fr -' . if- , x ., ' ' . n. -. Vt - . l f 1-531' M' . Q ' x Q ' J, 4- . . ' .... - N 'T-.. 5 - J-W' 'kfrvi s ,' N' H T - , . - ,, . - ,Q rx 'x .' LQ. 1 s .. N ,isp W , ' x 4 ,Q ,galil ' Zn ' . 1- xii! 9 i I ' 1 -U5 '. . . . Farewell happy fields Where joy forever dwells: Hail horrors, hail Infernal world, and thou profoundest Hell Receive thy new possessor: one who brings A mind not to be changed by place or time. The mind is its own place, and in itself Can make a Heav'n of Hell, a Hell of Heav'n. What matter where, ifI be still the same, And what I should be, all but less than he Whom thunder hath made greater?Here at least We shall be free . . . lt is not all Miltonls doing that his Satan makes our blood run fast, or that his God is a pompous, flat, insufferable bore. We should not wonder that the man in the black hat often engages our support, that the lost cause seems the best cause, that bystanders cheered Britain's Great Train Robbers as they came to court, that a vision of Persian orgy dwells in every Shriner's heart. Do not assume that all of this reflects some incurable perversity in mankind or that it tells us anything about the f'nature of man, but instead that it may inform us on the subject of education. For I should like to propose that it is precisely those people who, for whatever reason, have operated outside Civilization's strictures who have carried the torch of learning to us across the centuries. These people are varied. They are the rogue. The common criminal is not among them. Most criminals, after their initial break with pattern, fall into repetitive, stereotyped behavior that apes society itself. Criminologists look for the MO fmodus operandij by which the criminal gives himself away. The true rogue has no obvious MO' Whether fictional or historical, he is the man of many devices, constantly exploring, probing the environment -- learning. That this master learner to whom we give our secret admiration is so frequently associated with crime and vilence may simply indicate that, under the conditions of our Civilization, it is oftern difficult to go on learning for very long without breaking the law. There's no crime on Biminij, a visting reporter remarked, because nothing's illegal. Bimini may not be an oasis of learning, but neither is Merry England. The point is not that the furture-trending educator should encourage violence or disruption, but that he recognize the many new means, now clear on the horizon, for making. lifelong learning legal, for making it possible, in the poet Herrick's words, for men to be nobly wild, not madf' Rogues come in numerous varieties. For our purposes, we may take four, blending fact and fiction, as our tutors: C15 the ordinary rogue or rascal, the adventurer, the picarog C21 the radical technologist, 131 the mystic, C49 the artist. The first of these need detain us only a moment. His tradition is secure, his fascination universal. The conditions of civilized living do much to sap our lives of adventure and risk, J, Bronowski writes in his book The Face of Violence. f'We take our revenge by equating spirit with lawlessness and adventure with the criminal. But we seek extraordinary criminals as our teachers: Jean Laffite, the pirate, or, better still, Sir Francis Drake and all those sea captains who pirated under the legitimizing colors of patriotism, Robin Hood, who somehow has come to represent a one-man United Fund Drive, Black Bart, who posted doggerel verse on the stagecoaches he robbed. War, conquest and politics may be viewed as means of sanctioning roguery. In these endeavors, men are sometimes freed to burst through the restraining barriers of Civilized living and become free-roving hunters again, going Hbeyond themselvesfl performing feats of endurance, skill and clairvoyance they had no reason to anticipate. Stable socities have simply been unable, thus far, to provide the opportunities, the reinforcing contingencies that would make possible going beyond ourselves in the happier and far less limiting fields of brotherhood, love, cp,,imopm. doscpvery. What has perhaps not been noted is that rogues throughout history generally have been closely linked with the latest technology of their times. Just as Ulysses was a master mariner in the early age of seafaring, the highwaymen,1cony catchers and vagrants of Europe were men of the open road at a time when the confining dominance of household and guild were waning. And the master rogue of our day, James Bond twith all his imitatorsj, is nothing if not technological. Indeed, the new global spy is purely an instrument of technology. He violates the old boundaries of time, place, consicience and propability. He strikes directly at our old, secure faith in the impossible. His mission is distant and detached from the personal lives of the main actors in the drama. His boss is not the stern, hated, feared, loved Old Man of earlier conflicts but, like himself, a cool technician. Sex is an icy pleasure that is best when taken by force or deception from an enemy. And, above all, technology is supreme. In the Bond movies, our laughter at the mechanical, electronic and chemical outrages is a laughter of recognition, not riducule. Bond is the foremost free-roving hunter in the new global jungle of interlocking technology. By his double-O code designation, he is identified as one licensed to kill. Thus law sanctions the outlaw, But what this rogue may be teaching us -- in the absurd triumph of impersonality land possibly its endj -- is that the final victim is actually society as we know it, Civilization itself. The radical technologist, second among our rogues, figures in some of Civilization's most persistent myths. These myths -- cautionary tales on a grand scale -- show the bringer of or seeker after new technologies succeeding for a while, then suffering his dire desserts. Prometheus is the archetype, and fire may be said to represent all the new technologies. The fire-bringer's suffering serves warning on all who would tamper with the basic technological framework of any society and emphasizes an essential truth: A ny radical change in the teclznology within an established order will surely bring that order down. Indeed, those who would conserve and perpetuate any social entity are quite correct in fearing new knowledge and oppsoing all innovators who step across the lines that circumscribe Civilized man's every move. Establishment warnings against new technology come down to us across the ages. Blest pair, wrote Milton of Adam and Eveg and O yet happiest if ye seek! No happier state, and know to know no more. Daedalus warned Icarus to fly neither too high nor too low. The Tower of Babel, according to archeological deductions, was simply a temple in the form of a ziggurat and was not meant by the Babylonians to threaten God but to worship him. But to the Israelites twho wrote the storyl the tower was a athreat. The Babylonians stood at a high stage of technology for their time and were building in an impressive manner. Such a technology might have destroyed Hebraic society, better not understand it. During the medieval period, fear of all novelty reached a high state and was relected even in the language. The Arabic word bid'a means novelty,,' but it also means heresy.', The Spanish word novedad carries similar undertones. The Renaissance view of just who the devil was came clear in the legend of Faust: the devil, it turned out, was none other than the master technologist himself, the very same one who had led Adam and Eve out of their happy ignorance. To follow his forbidden knowledge as Faust did was to lose one's soul. This warning came at a time when new technology was shattering all the usual forms of existence throughout Europe. In the legend, the threatening technology was presented as old-fashioned medieval magic. Nothing surprising about this, as McLuhan has repeatedly pointed out, the content of each new environment is invariably the old environment itselfg man drives into the future with his eyes fixed firmly on the rearview mirror. A . 'V' .f-,N ww iifftv- . J. ,lr r -A, 'Kgs' 'Wu , ,. . X 'Ji' Q, X X I X gmt: .x , 'K ' xv:-N, ,v- an W is ' Nh? f 7-Q:Y i 3 X L,ii.:fSQX 45 sf X wk.. Wx si 49-.ea A it va A.. ffi?'7sTP'- 4 if ' it, . K ,, X P, , I RAND. f2YNi :xx .X . Lxqs A-5 35.3. ig. 1 ' .1 A KV' 'Q Fixx .V Mm 'X I xx 3 vm YQ IN ATS 'x 7? I S ' 3 x 1 . it , I f easier Aai,4L. K','nOo1mg 22 1 A5 3 It Qi'r f --va. , -f . N Q vii ffw'1v.f -H - . sf-ts, -1. ,.- W .. . 3 - , t ' V 'ae. 'L- -4' S .S-s Wt : For us of the West, there is no better example of the mystic as rogue than Jesus. He followed his vision all the way, though the changes he preached would have unglued the entire reinforcement structure of Civilization, replacing law with love. He formulated perhaps the most revolutionary educational prescription ever known: Except ye be converted, and become as little children, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven. Any respectable citizen would have to be far removed, in time and place, from Calvary to think Jesus anything other than a rogue. It may be an indictment of our time that we no longer consider Him so. The artist, last of the rogues considered here, teaches us more explicitly than the rest. Unlike the rascal, the radical technologist and the niustic, he often has enjoyed his own society's sanction for his roguery. Like Agent 007, he is licensed to kill, Make no mistake about it, the great artist must destroy the forms and perceptions of his time, He must seek order that confounds order. He must journey beyond the conscience of his race. The more highly specialized and repressed a Society becomes, the more it needs Art as a separate category, a place that is safe for wholeness, for feelings, for learning. Primitive man did not see Art apart from life. He seems to have been indifferent toward his cave paintings or sculpture once it was completedg we find the same cave wall painted over again and again. The important thing was not the finished work itself, but the act of making it. liven as late as the Renaissance, artists could be thought of in somewhat the same terms as craftsmen. And Bach revealed his views on the permanence of his work by sometimes using manuscripts to wrap his lunch. As fragmentation and categorization continued apace, however, the artist found himself pushed off ot one side into his own special niche, where he often was granted a tentative amnesty for his Heccentricitiesf' The most repressed and rigid socities tsay Victorian Englandl, societies that permitted their male members no outward display of emotion, allowed their artists to exhibit Bohemian ways, to be effusive or melancholy or even tearful. And then these societies used the completed works of art as safety valves for their own bottled-up feelings. They tried to imprison them in heavy, stolid buildings they called art museums, or in other museums they called symphony halls and uopera houses. But the artist is a rogue and eventually can be neither imprisioned nor classified. Alsways a jump ahead of the technologist, the artist in recent times has been attempting to cross all of Civilization's boundaries. Today, in the Happenings and total-environment events of the young, we may watch the ultimate barrier --that between artist and audience -- being torn down, brick by brick. It may turn out that the contemporary artist is engaged in the business of ending Art, therby helping us create an environment in which each individual life may be lived as a work of art. ,,, 4 at In the meantrme the rogue artrst prov1des us one of the best learmng programs to be found rn the whole crumhlmg schoolhouse of C1v1l17at1on He demonstrates the 1nterplay between d1sc1pl1ne and freedom contendmg wrth the llmltatxons of hrs materlals yet never fa1l1n,, to frnd frf he IS a true artlstl that the materrals are less l1m1t1ng than was prevlously thought He reveals for us rn hrs way of WOfklHg what the Indran mystrc Sn Aurobmdo called the soul s drstrust of all absolutes He rs compelled toward the partrcular the place the moment Art does not generahze and classlfy wrrtes Suzanne Langer art sets forth the 1nd1v1dual1ty of forms which drscourse belng essentrally general has to suppress The sense of lrfe IS always new mfrnrtely complex therefore 1nf1n1te1y varrable 1n rts possrble express1ons The artrst revrves rn us the senses and feelrngs and aspects of berng that Western C1VlllLdtlOH rn 1ts pcll mell pursurt of the purely verbal symbollc conceptual has caused many of us qulte to neglect 1n the educatronal endeavor He shows us how to explore the sensory umverse Hc maps for us the many roads to delrght To play to dally to caper these are the true modes of creat1on Hrstory shouts the lesson we refuse to hear We forget that rn Errc Hoffer s words nzan 5 rrzost urzllaggrng and spectacular efforts were rnade not rn scarch of necessrtres but of superflurtzes The utrlztarran derrcc eren when rt rs an essentzal zngredzent of our dazlr lzfe rs rnost lrltelv to hare zts ancestry zrz the rzonutzlrtarzan The scpulchre ternple and palace preceded tlzc utrlztarran lzouse orrzarrzent prccc ded clothrng work partrcularlr teamwork derrres front plar llc are told that tlze bow was a rrzusreal rnstrurnerzt before rt became cz weapon and sorne autlzorrtres belzeve that the subtle craft of frshzng or rgrrzatcd rn a perzod when garrrc was abundant tlzat rt was the product not so rnuch of grrrn necessztr as of currosrtr speculatrorz and plarjulness We know tlzat poetrm preceded prose and rt rrzar be tlzat srrzrng came before talkzrzg On the whole rt seerns to be true tlzat the crcatzre perzods rn hrstorv were bjorarzt arzd even frrrolous One suspects tlzat rnuch of the prarse of serrousness comes frorrz people wrho hare a vrtal need for a facade of wrerght and drgnztr I Roclrejoucauld sard of solernnztr that rt rs a a rnrsterr of tlze bodr rrzvented to corzceal the defects of thc rnzrzd 3. 5 N 'S' fine! Q. X. w9,5 15540 .Av 'u bt QQ., -cf? r-1 -'WW ,L marc 5 A fuk gflp Ig: 1 P, Llgqf 8 I' 'lx Q' S Q 'V ' 1 x , ' af: Yr' . 7 - . 9 1 -- - - ' - - -1 . . i , i , . - , . . g 1 . ' ' . . V ' , . . ' - ' ' a ' ' I , - - n ' ' - 4 - l . . ' ' 1 . . l. J' 7, rv . - . . ' . . . 1 . . . w . V . . . ' Y . ' ' N ' V - K . . . . ' Y ' , V, N . ' s 1 - v ' ' ' ' 3 ' 1 . . ' . , , . . . 1 . y . - ' , - . . '. , , , . . .-, '. . 1, ' 1 y , ' , . 1 rc - - as . . . 1 - 1 I l I I . I v H . . . . y 'A , , . . , - . , ' ' 1 t. ' ' -' ' y ' -' y 1 v 1 y l - Q , ' ' I i . YY 4 1 . ' ll .' ' y . ' v H ' y - v - . Q ' , Y ' . ' I N , V . . , I ,. , - . ' 4 ' 1 . ' A .1 7 I I - . Q - . I X - ' .- - s 1 x , ' . , I, ' ', . . , v I D . . . . A ir . 1 1 ' . 1 1 Q . 3 ' ' -'. ,U . , b , . . f . . ,, V , - y ' s v -l 1 1 ' 3' , . ' .1 k iv 'r . F - ' ' ,S Q - . v- . f ' P' Z ' 5 .- 4 ' i x I 1 . - -. 1 '- . f- ' . is , A : ' - P . V 5 - L A V - p , ' QQ . , ' ' , . A NQri '43 - J ' 5 Q ' . - f.. 3 ' 'Q '- 'A, -.rl ,- -4 N '- - k - ' I, '-' 'L, ' . ' . . , . b 1 gi. , 5 Q. I ,vi F, W . la 5' . Y., as 'slug - 1 4 ' I - ,s g . l I Q , it sf , ' . ,Q . t, . f , A hh V. - -. . 1 ., - 4-Fa--J, -4 L -4 .. Q . . V g rvfn , .ggi . V- v' 'J X ti: , - - , -'rl ' ' J--785. 9' I - . '. ' : . - -- . ' ,. Q - I -. ' A ' -' 5' ' 1'- '. - -- ' I- -5,c' . .fri- ' N3 lf - v --5 - ' , Q ' ?-.:..-.r4:---- -xi , sh , 1 . - . , - t .F Jn. ,v x .- ., ',.. 519 . - 'r' .Q T 4: .N 6- - :J fx Z fp-'.w'f' -, - . .' s -1-'.--1 V- N 4' 7 -XX.. - 4 n , -.A X 5 I N. -A.. -,i f.- .:' ,I ,. ' - - 4 1.415 Atl- ,A 5 - .glr 5 . v, 5 a, . v . Qs' -, ',, .i ,cg ai- - ' - :.- , ,L --1' , g A. - r 1, J' ' ' ' 5 . 1 -.- 'I ' ,1 Q! V ' , . C 1 . .AY ' - 4- N r .-A cu... ' .I - -:- :rj 'Q ' ,-.' ,Vg .gr a, 1. Q, ,. - jr - .1-' ' '- -', . '.,Z'-l'5l'Q.f 6, . --r ' Q 'N5x'.- bf ' -J' -5Z . A .'1. 4 ' , ,-' nil ' : Q 11 -- L .5 . X '.' ' . 1 lr- Q., 1 , ' 'N s'-'za 1 c Q . 41.3 rd' -1' , Of, X. '- - ' -- QNJ, . 'lt -u X 'HX -- - . ' ' L I . 1 ' - - - . ' '1'.z. 'ssc-'.'. . ,,,, . . ,MAA- . , , n 'pv1mrPl ' ,sae l x indeed a growing number of present-day psychologists and The artist, like all rogues, mocks solemnity. And he shows , us how to be nobly wild, not mad. Psychologist Frank Barron of the University of California and his colleagues have conducted intensive studies of highly creative people who have achieved recognition in their fields - writing, painting, sculpturing, music, architecture. It is particularly interesting to note that, on the most widely used personality test tithe Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventoryl, the successful creators rank up with institutionalized schizophrenics on the Schizophrenia Scale. However, on an Ego Strength Scale, the creative people rate high, the schizophrenics, low. We may interpret these ,findings as testifying to the usefulness of controlled madness. The unusual perveptions, heightened sensory vigilance and unexpected visions of the madman perhaps exist to some extent in every genius who would move the boundaires of his time. The successful creators differ from the institutionalized unfortunates in that they can give their visions form - and' also in that they have learned the disguises and dissimulations required by the world-as-it-is. Some of the remaining shamanistic societies fthe Bantu of south Africa, the Tanala of Madagascar and the Mojave of the southwest U.S., for examplej have found ways to, reap social worth from extreme schizophrenia And psychiatrists are beginning to feel that it is quite possible for us to create a world safer for man's errant impulses, a world that would yield us more color, richness and ecstasy without repressions, violence and war. The rogue, nobly wild, teaches us the first elementary lesson about a life in which one does not have to break law or custom in order to come fully awakeg a life in which new technology - whether outside or inside the human organism - is not feared and reisted, but deflected toward humane uses, a life in which every established order takes as its first task the business of making itself obsolete, a life in which society's main function is to evolve into ever-evolving new societies. Such a lesson may seem radical. But it may turn out to be a simple drill in current events. The shackles of the past are loosening. And the world is crowded, as always, with rogues. Actually, there are now hundreds of millions of them. They are rascals, radical technologists, mystics and artists. They are original, openminded, clear of vision, adaptable, sensitive, enthusiastic, joyful and graceful. They are anything but fragmented, and their chief pleasure in life is learning. It is with what happens to those rogues, our children, in the years to come that the following chapters are concerned. EDUCATION AND ECSTASY GEORGE B, LEONARD .jo.o.n.a.a'u'o'u'o'.'. . . . . . . .-1-.-.-.'I'C-. '65q.g.g.g.:.g.-.'.'.-.- ' ' -.. D . 0 . . no yn l .......... . 0 e ... ,' s-l'l.l.l n ....... ...... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ....... ......... ......... ......... ........ ....... ....... .....U ....... ...... ...... ..... ...... ..... .... .... u.a'n o ... .u'a.v ... .. .. .. .. 3. .. . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. . ... .'.'.-.3 ... 'o.0'l'a .. ... ..... ...... ...... ....... .o.l.o-u.0.o'l ........5 ........r ........... ........... ............ .... . . . . . ... . . . 'Q'-'. - -'.'.'. .. ...-..... .-. ... .... -. .......... .... ......u ........... :.... 2 ......:.:. .'.':::: ziik 1.-: . '.: n ...... .......... -.... .... T'I'Z'I'I'I'I I ,....... . . . . f1 '.'. . . .'.'. ... .- ... ....-N ...... . . n'-'.'.'-'.'.'.'.'.'. ............ . 5...- ....... ........... ............ .......... ........... ............ ............ ....,........................... ................ - ............... . . . ........................ xXJ 9 0 u I 9 4 a I I Q .......... 'x,........ . ........ ........ ........ . ..... . ....... .,,:,,, ........... ..... 1.n'l'u'n .... 'n-l'u.n I J u.u.a :It 2 . sf rs: ..... .. -1.1 u-9-0 .... ... ... ... .... 1.1.1.1 .1 l's.n .... ..... ...... . ..... A-u.n'u'l.u. D-l'l.n.l-0.1. 0.9-i.n.n.o.o' o.0.c.a.u.c.l'u.s Q'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. . ......... ........... ........... ............ . ......... . 1 .......... ........ ... .... ........ ...... . ...... -.......... . ....-.......v ..............f ...-'.........' - ............., .........-.--.f -.........--.... ...e.-.-...- ....... . ........-If . - .......v ....... ......... ...-..... ......... .. -.., -,,ff' 1 . fb - Ter --..... -.....--.. . - .....- 1. - AVI IQICAVI C IQCUT IN HIS SHORT LIFETIME, Alvin had met less than one-thousan th of the inhabitants of Diaspar. He was not surprised, therefore, that the man confronting him was a stranger. What did surprise him was to meet anyone at all here in this deserted tower, so near the frontier of the unknown. He turned his back on the mirror world and faced the intruder. Before he could speak, the other had addressed him. You are Alvin, I believe. When I discovered that someone was coming here, I should have guessed it was you. The remark was obviously not intended to give offense, it was a simple statement of fact, and Alvin accepted it as such. He was not surprised to be recognized, whether he liked it or not, the fact of his uniqueness, and its unrevealed potentialities, had made him known to everyone in the city. HI am Khedronfl continued the stranger, as if that explained everything. They call me the Jester. Alvin looked blank, and Khedron shrugged his shoulders in mock resignation. Ah, such is fame! Still, you are young and there have been no jests in your lifetime. Your ignorance is excused. There was something refreshingly unusual about Khedron. Alvin searched his mind for the meaning of the strange word Jester , it evoked the faintest of memories, but he could not identify it. There were many such titles in the complex social structure of the city, and it took a lifetime to learn them all. Do you often come here? Alvin asked, a little jealously. He had grown to regard the Tower of Loranne as his personal property and felt slightly annoyed that its marvels were known to anyone else. But had Khedron, he wondered, ever looked out across the desert or seen the stars sinking down into the west? NO, said Khedron, almost as if answering his unspoken thoughts 'fl have never been here before. But it is my pleasure to learn of unusual happenings in the city, and it is a very long time since anyone went to the Tower of Lorannefl Alvin wondered fleetingly how Khedron knew of his earlier visits, but quickly dismissed the matter from his mind. Diaspar was full of eyes and ears and other more subtle sense organs which kept the city aware of all that was happening within it. Anyone who was sufficiently interested could no doubt find a way of tapping these channels. Even if it is unusual for anyone to come here, said Alvin, still fencing verbally, why should you be interested? Because in Diasparf' replied Khedron, the unusual is my perogative, I had marked you down a long time ago, I knew we should meet some day. After my fashion, I too am unique. Oh, not in the way that you are, this is not my first life. I have walked a thousand times out of the Hall of Creation. But somewhere back at the beginning I was chosen to be Jester, and there is only one Jester at a time in Diaspar. Most people think that is one too many. ' FF id! ri -ky if ELEC M 53 in-..,,., I J A. A a ' D -f A :Fl There was an irony about Khedron's speech that left Alvin still floundering. It was not the best of manners to ask direct personal questions, but after all Khedron ahd raised the subject. 'Tm sorry about my ignorance, said Alvin. But what is a Jester, and what does he do? You ask 'what,' replied Khedron, so I'll start by telling you 'why'. It's a long story, but I think you will be interestedf' I am interested in everythingf' said Alvin, truthfully enough. . 'tVery well. The men -- if they were men, which I sometimes doubt -- who designed Diaspar had to solve an incredibly complex problem. Diaspar is not merely a machine, you know -- it is a living organism, and an immortal one. We are so accustomed to our socity that we can't appreciate how strange it would have seemed to our first ancestors. Here we have a tiny, closed world which never changes except in its minor details, and yet which is perfectly stable, age after age. It has prabably lasted longer than the rest of human history -- yet in that history there were, so it is believed, countless thousands of separate cultures and civilizations which endured for a little while and then perished. How did Diaspar achieve its extraordinary stability? Alvin was surprised that anyone should ask so elementary a -question, and his hopes of learning something new began to wane. 'Through the Memory Banks, of course,', he replied. 'IDiaspar is always composed of the same people, though their actual groupings change as their bodies are created or destroyed. Khedron shook his head. That is only a very small part of the answer. With exactly the same people, you could build many different patterns of society. l can't prove that, and I've no direct evidence of it, but I believe it's true. The designers ofthe city did not merely fix its population, they fixed the laws governing its behavior. We're scarcely aware that those laws exist, but we obey them. ?'l'!'? v' ? M' Diaspar is a frozen culture, which cannot change outside of narrow limits. The Memory Banks store many other things outside the patterns of our bodies and personalitis. They Store the image of the city itself, holding its every atom rigid against all the changes that time can bring. Look at this pavement --it was laid down millions of years ago, and countless feet have walked upon it. Can you see any sign of wear'?Unprotected matter, however adamant, would have been ground to dust ages ago. But as long as there is power to operate the Memory Banks, and as long as the matrices they contain can still control the patterns of the city, the physical structure of Diaspar will never change. But there have been some changesjl protested Alvin. Many buildings have been torn down since the city was built, and new ones e erected. Of course -- but only by discharging the information stored in the Memory Banks and then setting up new patterns. In any case, l was merely mentioning that as an example of the way the city preserves itself physically. The point I want to make is that in the same way there are machines in Diaspar that preserve our social structure. They watch for any changes, and correct them before they become too great. How do they do it'?I don't know -- perhaps by selecting those who emerge from the Hall of Creation. Perhaps by tampering with our personality patterns, we may think we have free will, but can we be certain of that? mln any event, the probelm was solved. Diaspar has survived and come safely down the ages, like a great ship carrying as its cargo all that is left of the human race. It is a tremendous achievement in social engineering, though whether it is worth doing is quite another matter. Stability, however, is not enough. It leads too easily to stagnation, and thence to decadence. The designers of the city took elaborate steps to avoid this, though these deserted buildings suggest that they did not entirely succeed. I, Khedron the Jester, am part of that plan. A very small part, perhaps. I like to think otherwise, but I can never be sure. ' 'Url i w T . ff E Jesus Xxfl, Liam, ,... R V fx iigggixi 'yif x XX sl WAX fd? M in X X XXQX 'X 1 CN .J Iii J ' ,, -, r ,I 1 X . K I A h Y ,I - V , -rx f , 1, if L . E A ' ,. E11 5 'gf n 1 P . . ' . 'rf 45 , I ' I f , 4.1 5 , nr, ul -A 1.-.1 I L . 1 , . ,Mt A - 'eg 'N 3 A .px 4 ' 'Q f.. Q 1 , Y b Q Ii-NL . ' N 5 ..a,jN .jg , B ' 1 . r, , X ihsihxg D K T ,xxx ,g K ,, . 5 - g- 'il --it, T wN kg wx. B 'RTW s3W53i vt - 1- , X, 9 f . x , X ' 1 fl nv: V .lull K ' I ,ix ,x-xiq 'xxx m st -3 I 5 If L ,xxx if ll ffm? XX ik 'x 'X ' , gi. j'-IX 'H if Li ,ilk-I1 i V 'S if : ', W 1 i ' 5 tux X , F ,. V . hi-,Xa - . V .1 E X . .K ,fx xl 1 7 - ' if -'I A ' 'Bibi' if 39- X ' fa' f ' : ju AQ' r, fi I, A ,,., X' XX-in . , fl, gy. it -N ,Bk 2 :Aj lv gint, . - -ia Wifi 4- z ,,.-Luk 1 , - ,,. I ' x,, I ' , B, lr wx.. ,, H h b x 1 g ..,Y V: xx i x lx' ,gfifx 12- ,I ' -f n f' X . f, , 5 . 'X 5 ' . V- . - 3 j.f,,. A y , f f -fx.- X, ' ,. .' ,X Ng- .74 f' 1 . . i X is x 1. ul. .. I .. B x'3?a. ,' 'W , i 1 -A fx , ' X 3-:gi - And just what is that part? asked Alvin, still very much in the dark, and becoming a little exasperated. Let us say that I introduce calculated amounts of disorder into the city. To explain my operations would be to destroy their effectiveness. Judge me by my deeds?though they are few, rather than my words, though.they are many. Alvin had never before met anyone quite like Khedron. The Jester was a real personality -- a character who stood head and shoulders above the general level of uniformity which was typical of Diaspar. Though there seemed no hope of discovering precisely what his duties were and how he carried them out, that was of minor importance. All that mattered, Alvin sensed, was that here was someone to whom he could talk -- when there was a gap in the monologue -- and who might give him answers to many of the problems that had puzzled him for so 1 long. They went back together down through the corridors of the Tower of Loranne, and emerged beside the deserted moving way. Not until they were once more in the streets did it occur to Alvin that Khedron had never asked him what he had been doing out here at the edge of the unknonwn. He suspected that Khedron knew, and was interested but not surprised. ii 1 511' Something told him that it would be very difficult to surprise Khedron. They exchanged index numbers, so that they could call each other whenever they wished. Alvin was anxious to see more of the Jester, though he fancied that his company might prove exhausting if it was too prolonged. Before they met agina, however, he wanted to find what his friends, and particularly Jeserac, could tell him about Khedron. Until our next meeting, said Khedron, and promptly vanished. Alvin was somewhat annoyed. If you met anyone when you were merely projecting yourself, and were not present in the flesh, it was good manners to make that clear from the beginning. It could sometimes put the party who was ignorant of the facts at a considerable disadvantage. Probably Khedron had been quietly at home all the time -- wherever his home might be. The number that he had given Alvin would insure that any messages would reach him, but did not reveal where he lived. That at least was according to normal custom. You might be free enough with index numbers, but your actual address was something you disclosed only to your intimate friends. A ' io LF' . ' Fx 'I if.. ? . I 5 Q if ' . .E K Q E - l 1 x E' I Q, 1 ' 'x ' . v Q . S t A ' A A A V - 4 5.-fe. f.. r xl-.X ,ix 'H- 4. 5 3'-s nuff'- j hi 32,1 Q K, IIT? if fill.. .T ' . l T 55 N ' Iv' T M A Q a T' T N' 4 ph' g '- ' .. A ' - N Q '- , he . ' - VL - n N ' 9- 'l , ' vs E' 'V 1 J '+A , g if . T I K :J v J . 9 '-- .P J A P , X A , - 1, J v-3 , g ' l i .- A I '- a 1 ' X ' 5 I . ' f N , -Q .an k V inf. V' 1 J' Q kiv l qf is ' T . Q' I I ' I - T s t i .Q Q N? t- 1- ' T' 3' 2--:E - Q ' ' I ,H . - , ' 9 1' -Y K W ,' ' . 'ur ' : ' ' . T i f ' aff' ez- . te J f V J, N- f I A I . , . Q if. '5 e , nf . .Q - - 'Wa X . A - I v I .f - 4 I . 1 4 C x N . , . '5 - f . ' 5 .9 T ' L if ' 'f 'XX' rx P 'Q . 1,-4 I k 1 i 'I , .Q 'A 5 5 5 . I L A VF: y Q , ? x 1 f 0 . ',, ax Q r xi K X ' ' . ' T v 7 , As he made his way back into the city, Alvin pondered over all that Khedron had told him about Diaspar and its social organization. It was strange that he had met no one else who had ever seemed dissatisfied with their mode of life. Diaspar and its inhabitants had been designed as part of one master plan, they formed a perfect symbiosis. Throughout their long livcs, the people of the city were never bored. Though their world might be a tiny one by the standard of earlier ages, its compexity was overwhelming, its wealth of wonder and treasure beyond calculation. Here Man had gathered all the fruits of his genius, everything that had been saved from the ruin of the past. All the cities that had ever been, so it was said, had given something to Diaspar, before the coming of the Invaders, its name had been known on all the worlds that Man had lost. Into the building of Diaspar had gone all the skill, all the artistry of the Empire. Whenthe great days were coming to an end, men of genius had remolded the city and given it the machines that made it immortal. Whatever might be forgotten, Diaspar would live and bear the descendants of Man safely down the stream of time. had achieved nothing except survival, and were content with that. There were a million things to occupy their lives between the hour when they came, almost full-grown, from the Hall of Creation and the hour when, their bodies scarcely older, they returned to the Memory Banks of the city. In a world where all men and women possess an intelligence that' would once have been the mark of genius, there can be no danger of boredom. The delights of conversation and argument, the intricate formalities of social intercourse -- these alone were enough to occypy a goodly port-ion of a lifetime. Beyond tliose were the great formal debates, when the whole city would listen entranced while its keenest minds met in combat or strove to scale those moutain peaks of philosophy which are never conquered yet whose challenge never palls. T n A It Q-q . I I No man or woman was without some absorbing intellectual interest. Eriston, for example, spent much of his time in prolonged soliloquies with the Central Computer whichvirtually ran the city, yet which had leisure for scores of simultaneous discussions with anyone who cared to match his wits against it. For three hundred years, Eriston had been trying to construct logical paradoxes which the machine could not resolve. He did not expect to make serious progress before he had used up several lifetimes. Etania's interests were of a more esthetic nature. She designed and constructed, with the aid of the matter organizers, three-dimensional interlacing patterns of such beautiful complexity that they were really extremely advanced problems in topology. Her work could be seen all over Diaspar, and some of her patterns had been incorporated in the floors of the great halls of choreography, where they were used as the basis for evolving new ballet creations and dance motifs. Such occupations might have seemed arid to those who did not possess the intellect to appreciate their subtleties. Yet there was no one in Diaspar who could not understand something of what Eriston and Etania were trying to do and did not have some equally consuming interest of his own. Athletics and various sports, including many only rendered possible by the control of gravity, made pleasant the first few centuries of youth. For adventure and the exercise of the imagination, the sagas provided all that anyone could desire. They were the inevitable end product of that striving for realism whichvbegan when men started to reproduce moving .images andeto record sounds, and then to use these techniques to enact scenes from real or imaginary life. In the sagas, the illusion- wasgvperfectbecause all the sense impressions involved -ul' . ,4 :'. were fed directly into the mind and any conflicting sensations were diverted. The entranced spectator was cut off from reality as long as the adventure lasted, it was as if he lived a dream yet believed he was awake. , I In a world of order and stability, which in its broad outlines had not changed for a billion years, it was perhaps not surprising to find an absorbing interest in games of chance. Humanity had always been fascinated by the mystery of the falling dice, the turn of a card, the spin of the pointer. At its lowest level, this interest was based on mere cupidity - and that was an emotion that could have no place in a world where everyone possessed all that they could reasonably need. Even when this motive was ruled out, however, the purely intellectual fascination of chance remained to seduce the most sophisticated minds. Machines that behaved in a purely random way - events whose outcome could never be predited, no matter how much information one had - from these philosopher and gambler could drive equal enjoyment. And there still remained, for all men to share, the linked worlds of love and art. Linked, because love without art is merely the laking of desire, and art cannot be enjoyed unless it is approached with love. Men had sought beauty in many forms -- in sequences of sound, in lines upon paper, in surfaces of stone, in the movements of the human body, in colors ranged through space. All these media still survived in Diaspar, and down the ages others had been added to them. No one was yet certain if all the possibilities of art had been discoveredg or if it had any meaning outside the mind of man. And the same was true of love. , ' THE CITY AND THE STARS ARTHUR CLARKE 1- -1 I- ., v v v v v--sr sl Nl NJ NI NJ K5 VOvovovovovoUOUOUOUOUOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOEOOOO O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O QOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOO O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O DOOOOOOO O OOO OOOOOOOOOOOOO O O O O O O O o o ooooo ooo o o o o o ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooO..oooooo oooooooooooooo oooooo O Ooooo Qqcloooooooooooooo XQQOOOFQQOOOO ,nf Oxlhglqgogogogfax QQNNQ ii' 1 O !...L ET 'THE uNsPoKeN Tama Q1 -V - if . t I, .il ,I ,,, A . , . . ! D . , '. , .'-,' ,,'. lil ' - '- it-ti.. ,U S. ,au ,..-. .4 . V . .ggi .. ..- .qv I gn? ' 5 Si , , ,. -1 -fy '14-as U. - ,, pp, V-, ., if A x.. lyk- ' Q-4., . ' -,'.6-fs' K4 vi i, Q: '.f'.Si :'.'a2.'. A 1 1. i 1535524 ,M - ' ea N.. . .5 if I ,J . '- , . df, . '.. Z, . . - 44 I ,QYQ-Sift ' .f , 1 1- X . .. Q , '4 1,- 4 ' , .I ' ', ,f . ' . F A , gf., 9' How to tell it! . . . the current fantasy . . . I never heard any of the Pranksters use the word religious to describe the mental atmosphere they shared after the bus trip and the strange days in Big Sur. In fact, they avoided putting it into words. And yet They got on the bus and headed back to La Honda in the old Big Sur summertime, all frozen sunshine up here, and no one had to say it: they were all deep into some weird shit now, as they would just as soon call it by way of taking the curse . . . off the Unspoken Thing. Things were getting very psychics, It was like when Sandy drove 191 miles in South Dakota and then he had looked up at the map on the ceiling of the bus and precisely those 191 miles were marked in red . . . Sandy : : : : : back in Brain Scan country the White Smocks would never in a million years comprehend where he had actually been . . . which was where they all were now, also known as Edge City . . . Back in Kesey's log house in La Honda, all sitting around in the evening in the main room, it's getting cool outside, and Page Browing: I think I'1l close the window -- and in that very moment another Prankster gets -up and closes it for him and smi-ifi-les and says nothing . . . The Unspoken Thing -- and these' things keep happening over and over. They take a trip up , . -.4 . . ,- 'ff ---fs H- . . fy, .w ., ' ' r g - www ' ' 'Ka ,.rk,,A,Q., '. . -1 is , ,fi r g ig , Q- . 1 M . , ,wf ,, . 1 561, ' 111 . sf- .. fn. I , . . S lfgiilfl-Q .. ' Q 52523 'Q . N . V wr 2 X nl a,! xiii.. .. . 1 ., ',ii.,.f ,nf -. . Us jg r .1 . af into the High Sierras and Cassady pulls the bus off the main road and starts driving up a little mountain road -- see where she goes. The road is so old and deserted the pavement is half broken up and they keep climbing and twisting up into nowhere, but the air is nice, and up at the top of the grade the bus begins bucking and gulping and won't pull any more. It just stops. It turns out they're out of gas, which is a nice situation because its nightfall and they're stranded totally hell west of nowhere with not a gas station within thirty, maybe fifty miles. Nothing to do but stroke themselves out on the bus and go to sleep . . . hmmmmmm . . . Scorpions with boots on red TWA Royal Ambassado slumber slippers on his big Stinger Howard Hughes in a sleeping bag on the floor in a marble penthouse in the desert DAWN 4 'All Wake up to a considerable fetching and hauling and grinding up the grade below them and over the crest comes a CHEVRON gasoline tanker, a huge monster of a tanker. Which just stops like they all met somewhere before and gives them a tankful of gas and without a word heads on into the Sierras toward absolutely Nothing ' . Q I have been asked to write something for the graduating class yearbook. There are many things that might be written but a point that has troubled me of late is the campaign to create fear in people of their fellow men I am disturbed bv the success of this campaign My children listen to the slogan Never pick up a stranger and I wonder at the long range impact it might have upon them If we can be driven into a corner wlzere we cower in fear then the possibility for men of ill will to capitalize on that fear and legislate more effectively the movements of free men becomes increasingly a reality I would ask you to recognize that tlus world was never without danger to the individual but I would further point out that freedom of tlze spirit feeds on good will and does not partake of meanness Trust one another D0 not let the fearful of tlzzs world set the path you take Fear only the outrage that results from denyzng the presence of the god wztlzzn you Walk in the lzglzt and tlze darkness Bless the beasts and tlze children Therein lies peace Vernon lngralzam ., n A A .145 5: H. .E -' - , - ' ,x .,, Q. L- 9-- 15 'Q V 'M ...XY .. 5.9. X' f ,Zn -2 -.1 , --A - ., . 5 .A 'A --+4 '. 1-A4 , I ., e A '. 'I'fI ,'.- 4' . , , . . .Q , . , , - ':.'e,v- ' ----3-1 Q1 ' -vi-f:?T1. .l i . .r - I. A., .. . --- er- . ,fb-v 1 1 . , . X --'53 ,., A- pil A, ,, 5 ' A25 ' 5 ' v: 'f'- 0 S 'xi 1 '1 u . r 'E 'Q - 'ff ff' ' . . ' A . 2 .'-fe. .. 4 - ,- - 1. ' . -.., ' '. . . . - 4, .. I -ii., ,I - '- .- t,. ' l ','r.1 ' .-n .. ' ,579 ,..-- A 1' 4' . 11. 1. - '.' . '. -PM .3 fy- effafyf, P ' vii P . 1 ' X , v fe-ff, -as . W-o. 4,4 .V 4. ' 4 , , 5 - .. , . ,, Y -4' Q . ,,. . ,K .r 9 'E J, f' K , l , ' N J f ' -,X . 3 ., Babbs - Cosmic control, elz Hassler! And Kesey - Where does it go?l don 't think man has ever been there, We 're under cosmic control and have been for a long long time, and eaclz time it builds, its bigger, and its stronger. And then you find out . . . about Cosmo, and you discover that he ls running the show . . . The Unspoken Thing, Kesey's role and the whole direction the Pranksters were taking -- all the Pranksters were conscious of it, but none of them put it into words, as I say. They made a point of not putting it into words. That in itself was one of the unspoken rules. lfyou label it this, then it can 't be that . . Kesey took great pains not to make his role explicit. He wasn't the authority, somebody else was: Babbs says . . . Page says . . He wasn't the leader, he was the non-navigator. He was also the non-teacher. Do you realize that you're a teacher here? Kesey says,' Too much, too much, and walks away . . . Kesey's explicit teachings were all cryptic, metaphoricalg parables, aphorisms: 'fYou're either on the bus or off the bus.', Feed the hungry beef' Nothing lasts, See with your ears and hear with your eyes, Put your good where it will do the most, What did the mirror say?It's done with people. To that extent it was like Zen Buddhism, with the inscrutable koans, in which the novice says, What is the secret of Zen?. and Hui-neng the master says, What did your face look like before your parents begat you?. To put it into so many words, to define it, was to limit it. If it's this, then it can't be that . . . Yet there it was! Everyone had his own thing he was working out, but it all fit into the group thing, which was -- the Unspoken Thing,.. said Page Browning, and that was as far as anyone wanted to go with words. For that matter, there was no theology to it, no philosophy, at least not in the sense of an ism. There was no gaol of an improved moral order in the world or an improved social order, nothing about salvation and certainly nothing about immortality or the life hereafter. Hereafter! That was a laugh. If there was ever a group devoted totally to the here and now it was the Pranksters. I remember puzzling over this. There was something soy . . religious in the air, in the very atmosphere of the Prankster life, and yet one couldn't put one's finger on it. On the face of it there was just a group of people who had shared an unusual psychological state, the LSD experience - But exactly! The experience - that was the word! and it began to fall into place. In fact, none of the great founded religions, Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Jainism, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Hinduism, none of them began with a philosophical framework or even a main idea. They all began with an overwhelming new experience, what Joachim Wach called the experience of the holy, and Max Weber, possession of the deity, the sense of being a vessel of the divine, of the All-one. I remember I never truly understood what they were talking about when I first read of such things. I just took their weighty German word for it. Jesus, Mani, Zoroaster, Gautama Buddha -- at the very outset the leader did not offer his circle of followers a better state hereafter or an improved social order or any reward other than a certain psychological state in the here and now, as Weber put it. I suppose what I never really comprehended was that he was talking about an actual mental experience according to scriptures and legend, it happened in a flash. Mohammed fasting and me I suppose what I never really comprehended was that he was talking about an actual mental experience they all went through,an ecstasy, in short. In most cases, according to scriptures and legend, it happened in a flash. Mohammed fasting and meditating on a mountainside near Mecca and - flash! -- ecstasy, vast revelation and the beginning of Islam. Zoroaster hauling haoma water along the road ancl,' flash! -- he runs into the flaming form of the Archangel Vohu Mano, messenger of Ahura Mazda, and the beginning of Zoroastrianism. Saul of Tarsas walking along the road to Damascus and - -- flash! -- he hears the voice of the Lord and becomes a Christian. Plus God knows how many lesser figures in the 2,000 years since then, Christian Rosenkreuz and his God-illuminated brotherhood of Rosicrucians, Emanuel Swedenborg whose mind suddenly opened in' 1743, Meister Eckhart and his disciples Suso and Tauler, and in the twentieth- century Sadhu Sundar Singh -- with -- flash! - a vision at the age of 16 and many times thereafter, . . . often when I come out of ecstasy I think the whole world must be blind not to see what I see, everything is so near and clear . . . there is no language which will express the things which I see and hear in the spiritual world . . . VIL:- What they all saw in . . . a flash was the solution to the basic predicament of being human, the personal I, Me, trapped, mortal and helpless, in a vast impersonal It, the world around me. Suddenly! - All-in-one! -- flowing together, I into It, and into Me, and in that flow I perceive a power, so near and so clear, that the whole world is blind to. All the modern religions, and the occult mysteries, for that matter, talk about an Other World -- whether Brahma's or the flying saucers' -- that the rational work-a-day world is blind to. The -- so-called! friends -- rational world. If only they, Mom8LDad8LBuddy8LSis, dear-but-square ones, could but know the kairos, the supreme moment . . . The historic visions have been explained in many ways, as the result of epilepsy, self hypnosis, changes in metabolism due to fasting, or actual intervention by gods -- or N Zoroastrianism began in a grand bath of haoma water, which was the same as the Hindu soma, and was unquestionably The experience! lv 'z 133' I, his as , 11 , i.ss.fw'-H 'Y is 4 4 Z! And following tlze experience -- after I got to know the Pranksters, I went back and read Joachim Wachls paradigm of the way religions are founded, written in 1944, and it was almost like a piece of occult precognition for me ifI played it off against what I knew about the Pranksterszz Following a profound new experience, providing a new illumination of the world, the founder, a highly charismatic person, begins enlisting disciples. These followers become an informally but closely knit association, bound together by the new experience, wlzose nature the founder has revealed and interpreted. The association might be called a circle, indicating that it is oriented toward a central figure with whom each of the followers is in intimate contact. The followers may be regarded as tlze founders companions, bound to him by personal devotion, friendship and loyalty. A growing sense of solidarity both binds tlze members together and differentiates them from any other form ofsocial organizaiton. Membership in the circle requires a complete break with tlze ordinary al- Wl I Xl, gf pursuits of life and a radical change in social relationships. Ties of family and kinship and loyalties of various kinds were at least temporarily relaxed or severed. The hardships, suffering and persecution that loomed for those who cast their lot with the group were counterbalanced by their high hopes and firm expectations . . . l and so on. And of the founder himself: he has uvisions, dreams, trances, frequent ecstasies . . . unusual sensitiveness and an intense emotional life . . . is ready to interpret manifestations of the divinel' . . . there is something elemental about fhiml, an uncompromising attitude and an archaic manner and language . . . He appears as a renewer of lost contracts with the hidden powers of life . . . does not usually come from the aristocracy, the learned or refined, frequently he emerges from simpler folk and remains true to his origin even in a changed environment . . . speaks cryptically, with words, signs, gestures, luminates and interprets the past and anticipates the future in terms of the kairos fthe supreme momentf' -- . . Vp: ' W8 ggi? ff, , '-sf ' I The liairos! - the experience! -in one of two ways, according 'to Max Weberz- as an ethical prophet, like Jesus or Moises, who outlines rules of conduct for his followers and describes God as a super-person who passes judgment on how they liveiup to the rules. Or as an exemplary prophet, like Buddha: for him, God is impersonal, a force, an energy, a unifying flow, an All-in-one. The exemplary prophet does not present rules of conduct. He presents his own life as an 'example forhis followers . . . ' In all these religious circles, the groups became tighter and tighter by developing their own symbols, terminaology, life styles, and, gradually, simple cultic practices, rites, often involving music and art, all of which grew out of the new experience and seemed weird or incomprehensible to those who have never had it. At that point they would also . . . develop a strong -urge, to ext-end the message to all people. . . . alfpeople .' . . Within the religious circle, status was always a simple matter. The world was simply and sheerly divided into the aware, those who had had the experience of being vessels of the divine, and a great mass of- the unaware, ,, the unmusical, the unattunedf' Or: you 're either on the bus or off the bus. Consciously, - the Aware were never snobbish toward the Unaward, but in fact most of that great jellyfish blob of straight souls looked like hopeless cases - and the music of your flute from up top the bus just brought them up tighter. But these groups treated anyone who .showed possibilities, who was a potential brother, with generous ,solicitude . . . I The Pranksters never talked about synchronicity by name, but they were more and more attuned to the principle. Obviously, according to this principle, man does not have free will. There is ,no use in his indulging in a lifelong competition to change the structure of the little environment he sems to be trapped in. But one c could see the larger pattern and move with it - Go with the flow! - and accept it and rise above one's immediate envioronment and even alter it by accepting the larger pattern and grooving with it - Put your good where it will do the most! Gradually the Prankster attitude began to involve the main things religious mystics have always felt, things common to Hindus, Buddhists, Christians, and for that matter Theosophists and even flying-saucer cultists. Namely, the experiencing of an Other World, a higher level of reality. And a perception of the cosmic unity of this higher level. And a feeling of timelessness, the feeling that what we know as time is only the result of a naive faith in causality - the notion that A in the past caused B in the present, which will cause C in the future, when actually A, B, and C are all part of a pattern that can be truly understood only by opening the ,doors of perception and experiencing it'. . . in this moment . . . this supreme moment . . . this kairos - A person has all sorts of lags built into him, Kesey is saying. One, the most basic, is the sensory lag, the lag between the time your senses receive something and you are able to react. One-thirtieth of a second is the time it takes, if you're the most alert person alive, and most people are a lot slower than that. Now, Cassady is right up against that 1l30th of a second barrier. He is going as fast as a human can go, but even he can't overcome it. He is a living example of how close you can come, but it can't be done. You can't go any faster than that. You can't through sheer speed overcome the lag. We are all of us doomed to spend our lives watching a movie of our lives - we are always acting on what has just finished happening. It happened at least ll30th of a second ago. We think we're in the present, but we aren't. The present we know is only a movie of the past, and we will really never be able to control the presnt through ordinary means. That lag has to be overcome some other way, through some kind of total breakthrough. And there are all sorts of other lags, besides, that go along with it. There are historical and social lags, where people are living by what their ancestors or somebody else perceived, and they may be twenty-five or fifty years or centuries behind, and nobody can be creative without overcoming all those lags first of all. A person can overcome that much through intellect or theory or study of historyand so forth and get pretty much into the presnt that way, but he's still going to be up against one of the worst lags of all, the psychological. Your emotions remain behind because of training, education, the way you were brought up,'blocks, hangups and stuff like that, and as a result your mind wants to' go one way but, your emotions don't - . C Yeah, we're really synched up tonight. - and, of course, everyone in this tent looks at Kesey and wonders. What is his movie?Well, you might call it Randle McMurphy, for a start. McMurphy, goading, coaxing, leading everybody on to give themselves a little bigger movie, a little action, moving the plot from out of deadass snug harbor. There's a hell of a scene going for you, bub, out here in Edge City. But don't even stop there - - and all those things are keeping us out of the present, Kesey is saying, out of our own world, our own reality, and until we can get into our own world, we can't control it. If you ever make that breakthrough, you'll know it. lt.ll be like you had a player piano, and it is playing a mile a minute, with all the keys sinking in front of you in fantastic chords, and you never heard of the song before, but you are so far into the thing, your hands start going along with it exactly. When you make that breakthrough, then you'll start controlling the piano - - and extend the message to all people -- ELECTRIC KOOL-AID ACID TEST TOM WUI-FE 'rw 'V Y! ' l A ' l 0 i ' . . ' . . , . I ' ' 1 . U 0 n ' 1 ' ' . . - , g , - - . . . ' . . . 0 'Q' n 0 n ' .. 'D ' ' '- ' . . . ..-...ix : n 1 I: - I ' . 4-.3 ,. .--.,. . ' 1 'n gg nlDl..' ' f .'-.'. .'. - . ' , .'.,-, '. '.-- . . ' ' . ' . I - ' - ' , . . 1 . ' u -' - . 1 . . . .. - ., .'-173' ., , -I . ' . .uv - . - . ' . ', . . . ' . I '- ' '- .' ' , n 1 ' n ' s 0 0 . - ' - f.. . - - . 0 ' ' , . , 4 - , . ' 0 . ' ' Q 'O I ' . n ' 0 n . . . . . 0 . o .3 ' . . .:.:.'.:.: . ', . . :, .' J- I-If . ' . I . , ' , : . . ' ' , . 1 .: I . ' - . . - 5. , , . , .'-'-'.'- ' ' '.o 'l. ..'l'u . Il.. 1 n ' , . '. '- -. ..-.3 ..',' - ... ,-, ,'.-.- '..-.'-..,-. - o ,- g,. -j-3. C.. , ' . . .' f - - . . . -1'I-Z . ' - ' . '. ' - I ' . - n , . ' , . . . . .-.5-2-I-241-, Z-Z .,-,-,-. - ' '.' '-.-.-Z,-, , - I. . ,D.-.g.g:,:.f-,:,:.:-1-,:.:.2-I-.'.' -. ' . . - . . .-:-2-2'-:-.-2'-:-2-2'-:-:-2'-:-3-24:-2-I-3' , 'G . - o ' 'Jo - '.'o'- '.'u'- '.'e'- '.'.'- f '.'o'- '.'o'- '.'a'- ' 'Je - 'Jo v f ' . - - ' .-.3-'-I-.3-:-2-.g.:-:-.g.:-:-.-.3-:-.-.3-3-: '-1-2-.34-:-.'.:.:-:-.3-1-E-' A . . , .' -.3-:-.'.3-1-...g-1-...gg-1-.-Ig.:-.-.'' '-.NJ -- - f , . Q , . 0, ,...n.',...u.f, ,:..u,0,..,o.l,',...o,0 i,...q.0, . gf. ,. u. gf U n O -pi -'HJR' . -. . , . . - -.- . -,-.'.'-'-,-.'. .,-.-.'. Z-' , .'. -,-Iv. -.nw -2.2'.'-2-.-.'.'-Z'I'.'o'vZ-.' ., ..v- - ,f , , ' ' , , g 1 .'s'l,','q'0 , .'a'0.','q'0.0,'.'o'l,','.'l.0 1 .'I'0,'q's'l .'n'0.','.'a'l ','n'I'0.'.'s'O.' ' ' 5 ' , , ' , , 1 ''Z'.9102'151.2-I:.'-I-I '.:::':'.:a' . e . , . . . .'-,v,'.'.'o,-,'. . op, .'.,o,','. -3, . .,o,-,'. 0,-,'. nop, . ng,-. . ,, '. a . n , n , I - , -'.'-- - ..- .'.'f-'.'.'- .'.'-'.'.'-'--.'-'-'-'.'-'-'.'-'-'- '.'.'--.'.'-'v-.'-'---.'.'- '.'.' ' -A . :CH f .- 1 f f V4 . , 0 - -, . . . -,-.-. -,-.-. . Q,-.'. -,-,'.'. -,-.'. . -,-.-. .,-.-.'. -,-.-. - -,-.'. -,-.-. . -,-.-. .,-N.,-,-.-. . ,,, 2 1 - -,-.-. . . , -ff , - . -, , , -Io,-. . -3.0, ..-,-, . -,-,-, . 0,-, . 5-,', . -ff. ..o,', . Q,-, ..o,o,'. ..s,f, . 0,-,0, ..-,o, . gn, , .hu g .--I-, ...I-,-. . - -.. .I-,-. . ,, X . , A Wg, , 2 - o,-.'.'- -.sh o,-.'.'- -,'.'. o -.'.'. -,'.'.'. -.'.'. - -.'.'- o,-.'. - -.'.'. o v '. . -,'.'. ,-.- -,'. Q '. ' . , V r - -1 - ,. -,-. . -.9-' -. x ,. ' 4- Z , U W, 1 ..n-..-,-,.3--..---..Q,-...o-,.--'...n,..u..-u.'.-,-. H- . 1. ,'..., ff, f. , A - I ,, X Vf P az.:-Ifi:-:-I-:-:-.-I-2'-:-2-2'!:-:-P-:-:-2-2-!:-:f2-2'2:-:g.-Z'-:- '-C ' ' .- '- . ' - -. -:' ,,,f ,WY aff , -2. , A I i ,,,:,:...,:,:,..,-,-,:.g.0:, ,- -,:, .,-,:.-. .,-,:f - fe ,I . ,-,'..-,-,-.-. - -,:,.... - - ., fu , ,gui he ,.5L,V - ' . -' ' -. . - . . -2 5' ' ' ' f ' 442- ' 1-91 - ' - 1-2 y . - - ' X ,, ,,'. V -.7 7-: ' , - . .:.a ' 0 p ' .-.:2:-. . JEL. - 4 1 J .. ' ' , -' '-.'-' ,. J . ' 2. 3' ' -Y ' 2 ff' A ' ' n. .V ' :LQSQZ- . .- ' -- 2- - . . f , ' - vm- 1 , . - JL.. , Y W., s s ' ,gl , , . ..-,-.'.' '-:N 1 -f',:'.':' E. ' -Qi! A ?a.. I -.j-j-1-.1.j-I-.is ' '.-,g: S. ' ' , - ' , -.V , I Qx, f ,J . ,.. A , , - , - 'i'T:. f Q1-I' ' ' ' , ' 1 - - - ' 22. X 1- , ' . . . .. , , Q . ,W ' f 9 4, ,Q ws, - 9 A , pr gf- g':- ' . , ' ,I 7 - f fr: f 4 - ' f 14 1 J' v -' ' ,- mf fo 1. If f n -ff -fffff Y- 1 , 1 ' uf 4 fff -' far! ., ' 1 ' 4, 2 Y' .Jr 211' ' ' 9 ' . 7 'c V? 'nf' ' x -. ' ' , - , . f , i-'41 ' ' of ' ' s. I A- , 4 f ,fix f 4 s , Il ' - - X f ? , . , . , 41, i I f -1 l4,,- ,. 1 A -AZIZQZ,-. X, I , .' Z 'fy f , W - JL' - ' r V ,' '- 17' ' . ',G I . my-1 , ,QW -- A 4 ' ' .Q L , A9 1 1 gy! 1 . I-. .Q 1 I ,b --' ' ,f-if if' ' 'F - 'x ., - X v, EBU The .Last Generation ,ak .3 , fi , Q 24 A x , T- xg Q. A ing x 'ws ,J f NN ,W - -v , I 1 QL' XY ' - r . J '. 3 ailf. - Y 4 , .W V b W - 1, .- si .,. 1 Q , ' ' 'V ,rblbr I .5 ' K It ' , , ' Y J X . sf ,W 3' a , ' fn 'i an , .L , ' 9 .1 h ' ' wi . I 1 if .K X MY WORK HERE is nearly ended, said Karellen's voice from a million radios. At last, after a hundred years, I can tell you what it was. There are many things we have had to hide from you as we hid ourselves for half our stay on Earth. Some of you, I know, thought that concealment unnecessary. You are accustomed to our presence: you can no longer imagine how your ancestors would have reacted to us. But at least you can understand the purpose of our concealment, and know that we had a reason for what we did. The supreme secret we kept from you was our purpose in coming to earth -- that purpose about which you have speculated so endlessly. We could not tell you until now, for the secret was not ours to reveal. A century ago we came to your world and saved you from self-destruction. I do not believe that anyone would deny that fact -- but what that self-destruction was, you never guessed. Because we banned nuclear weapons and all the other deadly toys you were accumulating in your armories, the danger of physical annihilation was removed. You thought that was the only danger. We wanted you to believe that, but it was never true. The greatest danger that confronted you was of a different character altogether -- and it did not concern your race alone. Many worlds have come to the crossroads of nuclear power, have avoided disaster, have gone on to build peaceful and happy civilizations -- and have then been utterly destroyed by forces of which they knew nothing. In the twentieth century, you first began to tamper seriously with those forces. That was why it became necessary to act. All through that century, the human race was drawing slowly nearer to the abyss -- never even suspecting its existence. Across that abyss, there is only one bridge. Few races, unaided, have ever found it. Some have turned back while there was still time, avoiding both the danger and the achievement. Their worlds have become Elysian islands of effortless content, playing no further part in the story of the universe. That would never have been your fate -- or your fortune. Your race was to vital for that. It would have plunged into ruin and taken others with it, for you would never have found the bridge. I am afraid that almost all I have to say now must be by means of such analogies. You have no words, no conceptions, form many of the things I wish to tell you -- and our own knowledge of them is also sadly imperfect. To understand, you must go back into the past and recover much that your ancestors would have found familiar, but which you have forgotten -- which, in fact, we deliberately halped you to forget. For all our sojourn here has been based on a vast decption, a concealment of truths which you were not ready to face. In the centuries before our coming, your scientists uncovered the secrets of the physical world and led you from the energy of steam to the energy of the atom. You had put supersitition behind you: Science was the only real religion of mankind. It was the gift of the western minority to the remainder of mankind, and it had destroyed all other faiths. Those that still existed when we came were already dying. Science, it was felt, could explain everything: there were no forces which did not come within its cope, no events for which it could not ultimately account. l In the centuries before our coming, your scientists uncovered the secrets of the physical world and led you from the energy of steam to the energy of the atom. You had put superstition behind you: Science was the only real religion of mankind. It was the gift of the western minority to the remainder of mankind, and it had destroyed all other faiths. Those that still existed when we came were already dying. Science, it was felt, could explain everything: there were no forces which did not come within its scope, no events for which it could not ultimately account. The origin of the universe might be forever unknown, but all that had happened since obeyed the laws of physics. Yet your mystics, though they were lost in their own delusions, had seen part of the truth. There are powers of the mind, and powers beyond the mind, which your science could never have brought within its framework without shattering it entirely. All down the ages there have been countless reports of strange phenomena -- poltergeists, telepathy, precognition -- which you had named but never explained. At first science ignored them, even denied their existence, despite the testimony of five thousand years. But they exist, and, if it is to be complete, any theory of the universe must account for them. 'fDuring the first half of the twentieth century, a few of your scientists began to investigate these matters. They did not know it, but they were tampering with the lock of Pandora's box. The forces they might have unleashed transcended any perils that the atom could have brought. For the physicists could only have ruined the earth: the paraphysicists could have spread havoc to the stars. That could not be allowed. I cannot explain the full nature of the threat you represented. It would not have been a threat to us, and therefore we do not comprehend it. Let us say that you might have become a telepathic cancer, a malignant mentality which in its inevitable disolution would have poisoned other and greater minds. And so we came -- we were sent -- to Earth. We interrupted your development on every cultural level, but in particular we checked all serious work on paranormal phenomena. I am well aware of the fact that we have also inhibited, by the contrast between our civilizations, all other forms of creative achievement as well. But that was a secondary effect, and it is of no importance. J' .fks ' Q 'Ink 4 4 H Now l must tell you something which you may find very surpirsing, perhaps almost incredible. All these potentialities, all these latent powers -- we do not possess them, nor do we understand them. Our intellects are far more powerful than yours, but there is something in your minds that has always eluded us. Ever since we came to Earth we have been stydying you, we have learned a great deal, and will learn more, yet I doubt if we shall discover all the truth. Our races have much in common -- that is why we were chosen for this task. But in other respects, we represent the ends of two different evolutions. Our minds have reached the end of their development. So, in their present form, have yours. Yet you can make the jump to the next stage, and therein lies the difference between us. Our potentialities are exhausted, but yours are still untapped. They are linked, in ways we do not understand, with the powers I have mentioned -- the powers that are now awakening on your wold. We held the clock back, we made you mark time while those powers developed, until they could come flooding out into the channels that were being prepared for them. What we did to improve your planet, to raise your standards of living, to bring justice and peace -- those things we should have done in any event, once we were forced to intervene in your affairs. But all that vast transformation diverted you form the truth, and therefore helped to serve our purpose. We are your guardians -- no more. Often you must have wondered what position my race held in the hierarchy of the universe. As we are above you, so there is something above us, using us for its own pruposes. We have never discovered what it is, though we have been its tool for ages and dare not disobey it. Again and again we have received our orders, have gone to some world in the early flower of its civilization, and have guided it along the road that we can never follow -- the road that you are traveling now. Again and again we had studied the process we have been sent to foster, hoping that we might learn to escape from our own limitations. But we have giinipsed only the vague outlines of the truth. You called us tje Cverlords, not knowing the irony of that title. Let us say that above us is the Overmind, using us as the potter uses his wheel. 'tAnd your race is the clay that is being shaped on that wheel. We believe -- it is only a theory -- that the Overmind is trying to grow, to extend its powers and its awareness of the universe. By now it must be the sum of many races, and long ago it left the tyranny of matter behind. It is conscious of intelligence, everywhere. When it knew that you were almost ready, it sent us here to do its bidding, to prepare you for the transformation that is now at hand. All the earlier changes your race has known took countless ages. But this is a transformation of the mind, not of the body. By the standards of evolution, it will be cataclysmic -- instantaneous. It has already begun. You must face the fact that yours is the last generation of Homo spaiens. As to the nature of that change, we can tell you very little. We do not know how it is produced -- what trigger impulse the Overmind employs when it judges that the time is ripe. All we have discovered is that it starts with a single individual -- always a child -- and then spreads explosively, like the formation of crystals round the first nucleus in a saturated solution. Adults will not be affected, for their minds are already set in an unalterable mould. In a few years, it will all be over, and the human race will have divided in twain. There is no way back, and no future for the world you know. All the hopes and dreams of your race are ended now. You have gien birth to your successors, and it is your tragedy that you will never understand them -- will never even be able to communicate with their minds. Indeed, they will not possess minds as you know them. They will be a single entity, as you yourselves are the sums of your myriad cells. You will not think them human, and you will be right. I have told you these things so that you will know what faces you. In a few hours, the crisis will be upon us. My task and my duty is to protect those I have been sent here to guard. Despite their wakening powers, they could be destroyed by the multitudes around them -- yes, even by their parents, when they realized the truth. I must take them away and isolate them, for their protection, and for yours. Tomorrow my ships will begin the evacuation. I shall not blame you if you try to interfere, but it will be useless. Greater powers than mine are wakening now, I am only one of their instruments. And then -- what am I to do with you, the survivors, when your purpose has been fulfilled? It would be simplest,rand perhaps most merciful, to destroy you -- as you yourselves would destroy a mortally wounded pet you loved. But this I cannot do. Your future will be your own to choose in the years that are left to you. It is my hope that humanity will go to its rest in peace, knowing that it has not lived in vain. For what you will have brought into the world may be utterly alien, it may share none of your desires or hopes, it may look upon your greatest achievements as childish toys -- yet it is something wonderful, and you will have created it. When our race is forgotten, part of yours will still exist. Do not, therefore, condemn us for what we were compelled to do. And remember this -- we shall always envy you. CHILDHOOD'S END ARTHUR C. CLARKE 1 J .1 . ' W J 'K A---L.:-:As 1 L., PYQCLLML lfffo -fowfl l,0'tm'l his 'ffl-gL11ldol1nlC l Ll wel n ey c,amc.P-fgfk ' hC,Sa.1d 1 na hm .Ll fl-hails he Sald I an dc kwr all +haTs mu, Hley lauqlaul a+l-1m kk 4 1. WH lQE+YR?1nx+lliuTc, +hcmahd01lh mah and 1125 Sdcrcf l l hc,s'd'waaF1cor 'fha l4a+A all -17215. Pm? wliksmg cmandolgxn hCSl1ldl Wlnlw mme cg Mc his all +ka+3 niu. were. ,oafkhn -Hn, c,k1Id1-an of-l4m+own heswa 1 wanna buf fH1cn c,a.mcffa nun Ma lC,Qll called wl+ ku andoln hc sand 1 UOLYHIL Mav- al' -I-ha:'.s prcTI he Sa1d1wa.n.1n. H601-1' Q I +hAJ's for-CIT l1g,56uaC I wanna Agar all -I-hah rung, S61-ld drgrywanna kar all -H1 ajax ,0 If an 'H1 lm 2 7' . r . f l , co , ' 1 ', ., 1 1 4' .+A ezmikia-Fu1n1nyqr1'n 4.11 fhaffs niu, niav Wann ty dvnovan O su-u'i'QU-I' aaaaaa -:- .paaaaaam aaaaaa. aaaaaaa aaaaaag- 'QIIIIIII aaaaaa aaaaaaa aaaaaag-,,. ,aaaaaaa aaaaaaI.:.g.. , aaalaaa aaaaaa-..,--5, --paaaaaau aaaaaal',-:,':.- aaaaaaa aaaaaa-..-,.,-.-,-. 'IIIIIIII 'a'a'a.a'a'a- - 'n.a.a' ' 'a'a'a aaaaaa I a a a a a a a a a a a,-g,g..':- a a a a a a a a I a a a a U. --I.. -.1ij. iflQ ---.1 a a II IIIIII IIIIIII IIIIII IIIIII IIIIII IIIIII IIIIIII IIIIIIII IIIIII IIIIII :-:iz-:-:I:-iiifiirlsq-2. .,..,.,...I:2:2:5:5:5:f :iz-.ix . .:.:.:.:a:a:a:.' .a.a.a.a.a.ai.:jjI1Zff.'fffg 1.3:3:':':5:.1.f :': 1 ' ' I. H . . .32 ' l.I.I.I.I.I.I'l I I I I I I X I I I I I I I l +:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-f.:-ff:- H I -:-:-:-:-:-:-:' .I.I.I.l.I.l.2gEg' ' -'riifrg A n a.a.a.a.a.a.n I I I I I I -Ig ' V, 3 1 Q Q Q Q Q I I I I I I I IZ... l X ' Q Q Q Q Q Q XI.I.I.I.I.I.l':'. .': .:f: J.-'ff.:-'I X :iff U ' a a'a'a'a.a.a' ':':':':':':f'553'E'55513I55215' -- - if ' :':':':':'l aaalaa,,:,- -1 '. a aa ::I:a'a:a:a:a 'J 7 I ' 3 f' :'a':':.a.a' I I I.I I I I 1 ' Z 3 KI, ' l.l.l.l.l.l.l' I l.l.l l.l 3-3 jx 4 f M a a a a a I 1 :':'.'.':'.' 15 f' YQ, I 5 f I fb 'V :':':':':':': I:I:I:I:I.I. I NX K ff f I.I.I.I.I.I.I I I I I I'I' ' a'a'a.a.a'a.a9 .a.a.a.a-a.a it ,WI xx .a.a.a.a.a-a. .I.I.I.I.I.I -. , 3K . H .1 K, .a.a.a.a.a.a. a.a.a.a'a.a. 3 ' X N- p'g'g'a.g'a a'a'a'a'a.a' - a'a'a'a'a'a .I-l.l.l.l.l X .a.a.a.a.a.1 I.l.l.l.l.l. 55 if 1 'X n'a'a'a'u'a a'a'a'a.a'a' -Z-Z- X f ' a'a'a'a'a'a I I'l'l.l.l'l. , f N a'a.a'a'a'a' -:-:-:-:-:-: , I 4, -:-:-:-:-:- :':':':':':' - ' L 1 X :':':':': .I.I.I.I.I.I lk Q--r g.g...g.g. .I.I.I.I.I.I QR W I Q.Q.Q.Q.Q. I I I I I I Q Q Q Q Q :a:a:a:a:a:a S ..:.:.:.:g: a:a:a:a:a:a: , . :.:.:.:g:g I.I.I.I.I.I. A 4 Y .Q.Q.Q.Q.Q f.':':':':':' . A4.A. -I-I-I-2-2 323212323552 . , ' 1 A -I-I-Z'Z-P .a.a.a.a.a.a X ' J X I:I:I:I:I: l.l.l.l.'.'. ' .' . ' 'a'a.a'a.a .a.a.a,a ,Vgf-1' ' ., - a.a a a.a. y J- I 2' xii. 'gl :g:f:Q:::5 a a a a a : a a a a a a a a a a UHU WASHINGTON: Who said, I for one, would be very liberal with reagard to amnesty ?George lVlcGovern, right?Wrong. Richard Nixon. And who said, l have never favored legalization of marijuana ?Richard Nixon?No. George lVlcGovern. And who rejects the quota system in employment as detrimental to American society?Why, George lVlcGovern and Richard Nixon. Who supports lsrael 10,000 per cent? Nixon and lVlcGovern. Who urges a guaranteed minimum income for impoverished citizens? lVlcGovern and Nixon. Who stands for more arms control with the Russians?And closer ties to China?And revenue sharing with the states and cities?And selective wage and price controls? Nixon, yes. And lVlcGovern. So who is it that evokes the memory of Barry Goldwater by insiting that this time the country has a choice, for a change, instead of an echo?George lVlcGovern in his way -- and in his polls -- but even more fervently, Richard Nixon, who sees before us the clearest choice in this century. True or false? True. Before exploring this thesis, a last look at the instructions of history: it is also true that in every fourth year every major candidate for President perceives a fateful, centurial choice, and that his premonition is usually false. Our last clear choice, in 1968, lay between two men who disagreed heatedly about which of them should be permitted to end the war in Vietnam, gradually. Four years earlier, the essential choice -- as it turned out -- lay between two men who disagreed vehemently over which of them could better conduct that war, masively. In 1960, the choice clearly lay between a candidate who knew there was no missile gap and a candidate who did not know there was no missile gap. Always it is the century and, of course, the country that are proclaimed to hang in the balance. But since Presidential candidates feel dutybound to say a great deal that they do not really mean, while they also genuinely intend a great deal that they can never accomplish, the real alternatives that they offer, and represent, are not usually discernible with the naked eye. Though they tend to save the confession for their memoirs, our Presidential candidates generally agree with each other much more than theydisagree on the practical questions of the day. They require disagreements to fuel their campaigns, but these are rarely fundamental differences of values or perception. Traditionally, our candidates are cast in a common ideological mold. By the large, they are tinkerers rather than overhaulers. And they are driven by the size and diversity of the American electorate to build their temporary majorities -from competing but equally diverse coalitions. A John Lindsay or a John Connally may change parties -- without changing his spots -- to escape some tactical predicament on the path toward the White House, but he does not thereby escape the compelling drag of these fungible coalitions. To aspire to the Presidency means to submit to a central, currently fashionable range of attitudes. Thus the choice that we are usually offered is never very clear. Well, hardly ever. But this year, we find ourselves saying every leap year, is different. There is something about a voter that yearns for a sense of choice, if only to justify the emotional energy he is quadrennially asked to expend. Some of us feel the urge again this year, and though the candidates have been singularly unhelpful in debating their differences, the differences exist and they are vast. If we cannot always detect them in the rhetoric of the rival stars, we should at least perceive them in the constellations in which the stars move, for they are the differences between George Nleany and Leonard Woodcock, between John Connally and John Galbraith, between Julie Eisenhower and Jane Fonda, Ed Brooke and Julian Bond, Cardinal Cooke and William Sloane Coffin, Bob Hope and Nlort Sahl, And they are differences that conform, no matter how imperfectly, to an unmistakable national argument between those who defend and those who deplore the works and values of a generation. Weariness with foreign and military exertion and disillusionment with the quality of American life, even in relative prosperity, have dissolved the political loyalties of decades. More clearly than Republicans or Democrats, liberals or conservatives, we have divided into factions of change and no-change las Louis Harris has designated them in his pollsl, and the overrriding concern of these factions is with political and social values rather than programs. The forces of change -- led by the educated and the affluent young and the poor or their spokesmen -- ascribe social injustice and deterioration to an inherent unfair distribution of power. The rest of the citizenry, though not without their grievences and frustrations regard the American system as basically sound and capable of self-improvement, and tend to fear the remedies of the rebels more than any ailment. These rival constitutencies are easily recognized in the streets and shopping centers of the country. A suburban housewife in Dayton, Ohio, for instance, identifies herself as a liberal and a Democrat -- indeed, a party precinct captian -- but she is tempted to join her husband in a Nixon vote because we've worked too hard for our standard of living, and what little extra we now have is in stocks and we think we can preserve it all better with Nixon. A leader of the Building Trades Union in Toledo, a Humphrey delegate to the Democratic National Convention, says he may vote for Nixon Decal-159 what's important to us is not who's in there but how they do their business. He has fared better with a Republican mayor in Toledo than with some Democrats, he points out. He recalls the satisfactory days of Governor Rhodes, a Republican, who greeted the state's labor leaders so comfortingly the norningafter his election by saying, Well, boys, you lost -- now, what do you want? Time and again in New York City you can hear or feel otherwise traditional Democrats taxing the lVlcGovern candidacy with the sins of Mayor Lindsay, with the threat that was Forest Hills or with the bitterness that ensued form the school strike. It is not hard in Pittsburgh to find voters who voted against Nixon in 1968 giving him credit for the fact that things are caImer now. Conversely, a young Berkeley student frets that McGovern's embrace of traditional Democrats like Mayor Daley will mean losing the chance to drive the ward heelers from city hall. A young Pittsburg matron celebrates the defection form the Democrats of some big labor bosses as probably a more significant offshoot of the lVlcGovern campaign than the fight for the White House -- a chance to change the unions, too. A tableful of blacks in an Atlanta bar predicts nothing less than fascism and the end of the Negro's social progress if lVlr. Nixon gains the chance to appoint any more Supreme Court Justices. Scratch a lVlcGovern fan and you uncover a longing for social change. Interview a Nixon voter and the emphasis is decidedly on slowing down, marking time -- reforming, perhaps, but only in procedures. Government a whole new agenda of social and economic obligations. Just as Herbert Hoover was arguing 40 years ago that you cannot extend the mastery of government over the daily life of a people without somewhere making it master of people's souls and thought, so Richard Nixon is arguing this year that the Democrats seek social progress through the politics of paternalism, where master planners in Washington make decisions for people. Franklin Roosevelt's reply in 1932 was that drastic overhaul was as American as boom and bust, that my policy is as radical as American liberty, as radical as the Constitution of the United States. George lVlcGovern's similar reply is that we will call America home to the founding ideals that nourished us in the beginning. professes international ideals, but he has renounced the pursuit of them abroad. Overseas, he sees only American in terests, and foremost among them a structure of peace that depends upon negotiation from a posture of military and economic strength. And Senator lVlcGovern, contrary to the claims of his adversaries, is no blind ostrich. Indeed, at least rhetorically, he seeks to revive a diplomacy of moral values, implying the investment of American energy and influence in value judgments about the worth of other governments. He would not bleed for corrupt dictators in Indochina or spend for military juntas in Greece. Instead, he wouldpromotethe American vision aborad and thereby attempt to influence the conduct of other nations, both in their domestic and international affairs. But he insists that there can be no effective American There is little doubt that the conservative impulse is now predominant, as the polls suggest although there remains a sizable middle constituency that would welcome change addressed at particular grievances, if it appeared attainable without social or economic upheaval. I don t want four more years of what we've had says a middle aged stenographer in Los Angeles But don t you think all those kids will control George lVlcGovern? d the otes of millions are still determined of course, by the strands of heredity or the traditions of loyalty. But in the early weeks of this campaign, when the voters first looked in on the rival conventions and looked over the nominees, they responded overwhelmingly to the Nixon image because their instinctive choice was colored by the threat of change or the reassurance of stability. and not just analytically, President Nixon tried to draw the distinction in his very first overtly partisan remarks of the year: T e issues he said, that divide the opposite side and this Administration are so wide in fact the clearest choice in this century that we must campaign on issues. There is an honest difference of opinion on foreign policy an honest difference of opinion on domestic policy and an honest of opinion on most major defense issues. Unfortunately this lofty summons produced nothing of the kind lVlr Nixon soon abandoned the instinct to portray the differences as honest or even honorable, and he has been suitably repaid by lVlr lVlcGovern. For the most part they have been satisfied to portray each other as warmonger and appeaser, as corrupt or capricious But lVlr Nixon was right the first time Beneath the invective, and quite apart from attributes of style, flair, personality and competence there lurkes a choice, quite possibly the clearest choicein this century, for it appears to combine in a single vote the rare and dramatic choices posed by the elections of 1932 and 1900. Not since 1932 has a Presidential election promised or pretended -- to stand as a test of the nations desire to assign to the Federal I II I I ,, , An v I .. - ., h . -- I I I I I I ' II The argument in botn instances was whether the Federal Government should merely manage -- and reflect -- the existing patterns of political and economic power of whether it should actively intervene in the social process to alter those patterns. And not since 1900 has a Presidential election promised to render a basic judgement on the quality of American foreign policy, to decide whether our conduct in the world has amounted to an ugly imperialism or a benign and necessary internationalism. At the turn of the century it was William Jennings Bryan who deplored the acquisitions of distant territory and bases as a militarism that would surely lead to conquest abroad and intimidation and oppression at home. And it was left to William lVlcKinley to reply that no blow has been struck except for liberty and humanity. lVluch the same theme hangs over us this year. To our friends and allies in Europe, Asia, the Mideast and Latin America, says Richard Nixon, l say the United States will continue its great bipartisan tradition -- to stand by our friends and never to desert them . . . There is no such thing as a retreat to peace. To which George NlcGovern replies: This is also the time to turn away from excessive preoccupation overseas to rebuilding our own nation . . . The greatest contribution America can make to our fellow mortals is to heal our own great but deeply troubled land. There is more here -- at least there ought to be more -- than arguments about the size of Social Security or welfare payments, or about the number of troops that we might profitably recall from Europe or Asia. Indeed, there appears to be a much deeper conflict than the kind we conventionally associate with the liberal and conservative traditions in which the careers and candidacies of lVlcGovern and Nixon took shape. Richard Nixon, at least in his Presidential incarnation, is no simple hawk. In his diplomatic and military policies he has shown himself to be neither missionary nor crusader. He no longer chants anti-Communist litany about captive nations or godless atheism. He influence, either physical or psychological, until we have regained our own health and renounced the excesses of a generation of cold war. The differences of perspective at home are at least as great. By the testimony of those who have watched him closely in the White House, it is clear that lVlr. Nixon has been unable or unwilling to devote himself to a plan for the evolution of the American domestic order. ln a lifetime of preparation for the management of international power, he learned the art of designing what he calls foreign-policy game plans, meaning concepts, and he has always been seduced by the joy and ease of Presidential initiative and action in the execution of those concepts. But even after four years in office, there is no Nixon game plan for internal social and economic development. There are only programs to satisfy this or that political imperative, and there is a great deal of posturing to satisfy voter grievances and prejudices. The void results in part from lVIr. Nixon's destaste for the mundane concerns of corporate and legislative politicians, in part from his recognition that the opportunities for bold initiative are much more difficult to fashion in domestic affairs. Above all, however, the President has never acknowledged a need to nudge the nation toward any genuine redistribution of psychic or economic power. He has always seen himself as the fulfillment of the American Dream, the little man who thought big, worked hard and made it. He believes in that dream, as he testifies on every grand occasion, and he refuses to believe that diligence and striving will not equally serve others or suffice for national salvation. To locate George lVIcGovern's profile on these questions, we need only flip over the Nixon coin. Though as yet undefined by power, he too, appears bored by the details of craftsmanship in domestic or diplomatic propositions. But he was reared to regard politics as the forum for an almost religious concern for the fate of his fellow citizens and their communities. He does not believe that the American system, if left to its own devices, will even roughly realize the American dreams of fair play and equal opportunity. He perceives the Presidency as the highest pulpit from which to urge change, even wrenching institutional change, and a more just dispersal of social rewards and obligations. He lacks a coherent foreign policy, not because he is indifferent to the world but because he finds no pleasure in the power games of diplomacy and because he perceives no SECUNIV threat great enough to justify preoccupation with them. Above all, he deems foreign policy to be a secondary matter at this juncture, because he thinks the United States cannot provide much constructive leadership abroad until it has repaired the psychic and economic damage of Vietnam, sorted out the lessons of misadventure and miscalculation in Indochina and demonstrated a ,revival of its democratic and communal instincts at home. These quite basic differences of approach do not alone define the Nixon years nor properly predict the works of a lVlcGovern Administration. lVlr. Nixon's supporters rightly question the extent to which even a powerful President could overhaul American institutions at a time when the great majority of citizens seem content with their value system and committed to the satisfaction of material appetites. Conversely, lVlr. lVlcGovern's supporters wonder whether preoccupation with foreign affairs and even elegance in their management have much bearing on the prospects for peace at a time when the major powers appear equally determined to recoil from confrontation and to look to their own recovery and development. Yet there persist that central choice about how we wish to distinguish ourselves in this decade, how we husband and invest our resources, how we define being No. l among nations and where we find genuine national security. The choice is only implicit in the 'vague and dull positions and programs churned out for the candidates in every election. But it appears vividly in the conflicting views we have heard from Nixon and lVlcGovern on Vietnam, on the size of the defense budget, on unemployment and on taxation. Obviously either man would wish to wind up the Vietnam agony in 30 days, or 90, after Inauguration, and there is a fair chance that either might succeed. lVlr. Nixon would be reinforced by re-election in his refusal to end aid to the Saigon Government, but he would also prefer a settlement to relieve his second term of the anguish of endless bombing and controversy. lf all else failed, he would probably equip the South Vietnamese to displace all Americans and count on Soviet and Chinese influence to win release of all prisoners in return for the final American disengagement from combat --just as lVlr. lVlcGovern expects to obtain their release for a much faster and more total withdrawal in three months. Only by understanding the fundamental choice they offer, however, can we appreciate the difference between lVlcGovern's determination to walk away from the venture and to disown the impluses that prompted our intervention, and Nixon's desire to disguise our essential failure there and to salvage from our sacrifice some pretense of achievement and respect for tenacity. Similarly, both men would wish to liberate additional resources from our greedy defense budgets and invest them in projects of social value. Only if we grasp their basic sense of priorities, however, can we understand why lVlcGovern would cut deeply enough to uprrot the habits and dependencies of decades, even if this were to jar the economy and jolt some of our foreign clients, while Nixon refuses to risk dislocation at home and fears the calculations that foreign friends and adversaries would make from our sharp reductions. Plainly, neither man feels comforable with the unemployment of so many citizens. But lVlcGovern appears moved above all by the human waste and social cost of joblessness, and would oblige Government to create jobs for all, no matter how much this might further burden our budgets and bureaucracies or distort the economic mechanisms of the market. Nixon percieves a larger threat in inflation and he tolerates unemployment as the price of arresting it. Moreover, he deems the clamor for guaranteed jobs and wages as basically subversive of the whole scheme of incentives to which he attributes the nation's achievements and prosperity. And obviously neither man believes in unfair taxation as such. Nixon is attuned to the traditional American ethic that that Government taxes best which taxes least, that industries of profit are far more efficent and economical providers of goods and services than state-managed enterprises, that capital is the engine of the American system and must be generously rewarded to keep the wheels turning. lVlcGovern sees unfair tax rules as only the most conspicuous example of our system's unfair distribution of resources, rewards and punishments. Though he recognizes the utility of stimulus by profit, he also believe that the profit system breeds to much greed and ruthlessness -- iniquity and inequity -- that political leaders are obliged to intervene at every turn on the side of the cheated and the neglected. Where Nixon would risk human damage to protect the economic machine, McGovern would risk even mechanical breakdowns to protect the undefended. As campaigns go, this is no modest set of choices. These differences alon would explain why at the start of the contest President Nixon was overwhelmingly perceived as reassuring and more or less certain to gratify the established social and economic interests, whereas Senator lVlcGovern was so widely perceived as unconventional and perhaps even dangerous. And, of course, by your friends shall you be known in politics. It was soon apparent that almost anyone with anything to lose was kneeling in the Nixon pews, while the young and the blacks and the malcontents and the discontented who have staked out claims against the maiority piled into lVlcGovern's revivalist tent. lt would be entertaining, but not particularly instructive, to speculate on the extent to which each of the candidates was propelled toward his current Weltanschauung by the available constituencies. lVlr. Nixon realized from the start of his Administration that he would be permitted to play upon the world stage only in the cause of peace and detentel and no longer victory. lVlr. IVlcGovern adapted his natural and ethical protestantism to the more strident political protest movement that took shape in the crowds outside his party's 1968 convention -- especially the crowds of lVlcCarthy and Kennedy supporters who felt disowned and who became at that moment the only unclaimed constituency for the 1972 Presidential race. There is no difference between Nixon and lVlcGovern in their ardor for the Presidency. Neither man would find much solace in merely being right. Neither is comfortable with crowds and both exhibit a degree of aloofness that obstructs emotional appeal. Nixon is the more effective aggressor, clawing at his opponent's weaknesses and flattering the instincts of whatever group he happens to be addressing. lVlcGovern is more comfortable with a lecture on his positive values and aspirations, and insists on summoning audiences toward a moral goal. invariably, both men recieve greater applause before they speak than afterward, and their flat performances tend to obscure the sharp differences that circumstance and the prevailing moods of the country have imposed on their candidacies. In different psychological and political environments, they would still have aspired to the Presidency, and they might then have projected the much more conventional symbolisms of liberal Democracy and conservative Fiepublicanism. But politicians cannot choose their moments of opportunity any more than electorates can choose the ideal bearers of their concerns. You need badger the voters for only a few days on sidewalks around the country to discover that neither of this year's nominees is particularly well-liked or trusted. lVIuch of lVlr. Nixon's lopsided lead in mid-campaign came to him grudgingly, out of dismay with the luckless lVlr. lVlcGovern or fear of his capacity as well as philosophy. lt's the lesser of two evils, isn't it? you hear the voters say, from one end of the country to the other, normally in defense of a reluctant lean toward lVlr. Nixon. They're both in with worong crowds, says a Pittsburgh steel worker. But Nixon's not so far out. For a while l was quite taken by lVlcGovern, even though l'm a Republican, says a shopper in Dayton. But l've become disenchanted by him too. He's become political -- caught up in the system. Nonetheless, the sense of giant-sized choice hangs over the election. A substantial Nixon victory, no matter how misleading it may be in the view of professional analysts, will impress the country and the politicians as an affirmation of our present priorities and distributions of power and interests. A lVIcGovern victory, no matter how narrow or accidentally fashioned, would be taken as a sign of yearning for rather fundamental changes in the way we run our socity. Whether either man could actually fulfill these contradictory expectations of conservation or innovation is an altogether different question -A which no one should attempt to answer as long as he refuses to reveal his own choice for Nov. 7. THE SKYLARK AND THE FROGS by Chuang-tzu. There was once a society of frogs that lived at the bottom ofa deep, dark well, from which nothing whatsoever could be seen of the world outside. They were ruled over by a great Boss Frog, a fearful bully who claimed, on rather dubious grounds, to own the well and all that creeped or srawled therein. The Boss Frog never did a lick of work to feed or keep himself but lived off the labors of the several bottom-dog frogs with whom he shared the well. They, wretched creatures! spent all the hours of their lightless days and a good many more of their lightless nights drudging about in the damp and slime to find the tiny grubs and mites on which the Boss Frog fattened. Now occasionally an eccentric skylark would flutter down into the Well ffor God only knows what reason! and would sing to the .frogs of all the marvelous things it had seen in its journeyings in the great world outside: of the sun and the moon and the stars, of the sky-climbing mountains and fruitful valleys and the vast stormey seas, and of what it was like to adventure the boundless space above them. Whenever the skylark came visiting, the Boss Frog would instruct the bottom-dog frogs to attend closely to all the bird had to tell. For he is telling you, the Boss Frog would explain, of the happy land whither all good frogs go for their reward when they Hnish this life of trials. Secretly, however, the Boss Frog fwho was half deafanyway and never very sure of what the lark was saying! thought this strange bird was quite mad. Perhaps the bottom-dog frogs had once been deceived by what the Boss Frog told them. But with time then had grown cynical about such fairy tales as skylarks had to tell, and had reached the conclusion also that the lark was more than a little mad. Moreover, they had been convinced by certain free-thinking frogs among them fthough who can say where these free-thinkers come from? that this bird was being used by the Boss Frog to comfort and distract them with tales of pie in the sky which you get when you die. And thatsa lie! ' thebottom-dog frogs bitterlv croaked. But there were among the bottom-dog frogs a philosopher frog who had invented a new and quite interesting idea about the skylark. What the lark says is not exactly a lie, the philosopher frog suggested. Nor is it madness. Wlzat the lark is really telling us about in its own queer way is the beautiful place we might make of tlzis unhappy well ofours if only we set our minds to it. When he lark sings ofsun and moon, it means tlze wonderful new forms of illumination we might introduce to dispel the darkness we live in. When it sings of tlze wide and windy skies, it means tlze healthful ventilation we should be enjoying instead of the dank and fetid airs we have grown accustomed to. When it sings ofgrowing giddy with itz dizzy swooping through the heavens, it means tlze delights of tlze liberated senses we should all know if we were not forced to waste our lives at such oppressive drudgery. Most important, when it sings of soaring wild and unfettered among the stars, it means tlze freedom we shall all have when the onus of tlze Boss Frog is removed from our backs forever. So you see: the bird is not to be scorned. Rather it slzould be appreciated and praised for bestowing on us an inspiration tlzat emancipates us from despair. Thanks to the philosopher frog, the bottom-dog frogs came to lzave a new and affectionate view of the skylark. In fact, when tlze revolution finally came ffor revolutions always do comel, the bottom-dog frogs even inscribed tlze image ofthe skylark on their banners and marched to the barricades doing the best they could in their croaking way to imitate the birds lyrical tunes. Following the Boss Frogs overthrow, tlze once dark, dank well was magnificently illuminated and ventilated and made a much more comfortable place to live. In addition, the frogs experienced a new ana' gratifying leisure with many attendant delights of the senses - even as tlze philosopher frog lzad foretold. But still the eccentric skylark would come visitng witlz tales of the sun and tlze moon and the stars, of mountains and valleys and seas, and ofgrand winged adventures it had known. Perhaps, ' 'conjectured tlze philosoplzer frog, this bird is mad , after all. Surely we have no further need of these cryptic songs. And in any case, it is very tiresome to have to listen to fantasies when the fantasies have lost tlzeir social relevance. So one day the frogs contrived to capture tlze lark. And upon so doing, tlzey stuffed it and put in in their newly build civic fadmission-free! museum . . . in a place of honor. Check List of What You Need in Your Refuge Room Political Science No one likes us - I don t know why We may not be perfect, but heaven knows we try but all around even our old friends put us down Lets drop tlze Big One and see what happens We give them money - but are they grateful No, they 're spiteful and they re hateful It They don t respect us-- so lets surprise them A Well drop the big one and pulverise them Asia s too crowded and Europes too old Africa s far too hot and Canadas too cold And South America stole our name Lets drop tlze Big One They 'll be no one left to blame We ll save Australia Don 't wanna hurt no Kangaroo We 'll build an all American Amusement Park there They got surjin ' too Boom goes London and boom Paree More room for you and more room for me And every city the whole world round Will just be another American town Oh, how peaceful it will be We 'll set everybody free You ,ll wear a Japanese kimono And they ll be Italian shoes for me They all hate us anyhow so lets drop the Big One Lets drop tlze Big One now Tools and Equipment: lacknife, pick. shovel, Boy Scout type of hand ax, crow- bar, hammer, saw, pliers, adjustable steel lally columns fto support first-Hoor joistsj, wrenches, extra door bolts, hinges, pad- locks, wallboard Cfor covering broken windowsl , extension cords, lamp sockets. bulbs. Medical Kit: Salves for burns, gauze bandage, compresses, adhesive tape, splints, chlorine tablets Cfor purifying waterl, mechanicls soap Cfor washing off possible radioactive dustj. Fire-Fighting Equipment: Hand ex- tinguishers, stirrup pump, empty buck- ets, buckets of sand, buckets of water, garden hose Cwith coupling for attaching it to indoor faucetsl. Lights: Battery-powered lights, kerosene lamps, candles, drop light. ,lliscellaneousr Battery radio Ccar radio will also workl, wind-up clock, maps of city and county, books, Writing materials, eye goggles Cfor smoke or radioactive dustl, old newspapers. ,fbx Food: Canned food Qchoose fruits and vegetables packed with liquidl, bouillon, dried milk, powdered cocoa and coffee, raisins, chocolate, dried fruit. Clothing: Underwear, socks, old coats, Coveralls, overshoes, rubbers, boots, old gloves, rain coats, waterproof fabric, sweaters, jackets, bandannas Cfor radia- tion' or smoke masksj. Furniture: Heavy tables, . bunks, benches, Wheeled cart C for basic evacua- tion kitl, packing boxes, trash cans with lids, duckboards lfor damp Hoorl. Valuables: Extra pair of glasses, lockbox Cfor valuable papersl, money Cin small billsl. Cooking Equipment: Skillet. teakettle, covered pot, can opener, brazier, char- coal, bricks and grate Cfor improvised fireplacel, fireplace fittings Qso you can cook in regular house fireplacel, jellied- alcohol stove, extra cans of jellied alcohol, outdoor grills, clean five-gallon cans, waterproofed matches Cin tin box or dipped in waxj, kitchen soap, scouring powder. steel wool. basic chinaware. 1 ' 4 . 4 ,HJ 1 E 3 S R 0 2 I ag -Q 1 ' f X f iQ -,.1,-1:-. 7 O df' ' 4 uni' 'Q f it-lo NH 'xl , X' Y. ' , is eil' , M555 LJ fr- 'V A ' aim r v Y? 5 Q nu 01 5 P' M-'f Q 0 5 3 a 1 'r Cl W -I me ff v i . 'H 1 'ws I 4. ., RN mr ,. f wg 2. Wu -' :I 0 -- v I Q ' 2 .41 ' 4' H-JL! - N 3 UV- ' V .fl ' -I FJ L 'K li f '- is I N ! 5 Iv, g' xg . f , 4 2 r 3 4 1 9 ' 3 .I U 01 gn: 3 . ., T , JZ - 1. -1 .. s ' . ' F 7 f fN.o 7 K+- -' . -raw ,Q .- , ,F 5 'fl 5 ws Jffgx 5 53 - 1 P4 ,rf 14.1 ': 'Q - ' x 1' 4 1 is f' 1-ii: :..f, Q 'Nr . ill is 'Ng Qi, fi u. i .N . J. It WJ I A J If 1 A 639. -uv V I- f '71, X I Q 1 4 ' f 'u ' 5 , H m 8 . n V ff, 9 .1 ..... .... k , N E nl , ' , 32g 4 I QL v f 1 2 Q 53' 'ff hm' lm QP-K 1 F 3 zf 1 61 le ,' M . 3 1 if 1 X .4 t 1 MS' 1 u nn W ,ff C5 n, . 4, ,. r ' 3, , xyy A 2 .N V Y . 10 , v I . H 0 O? I li E Q gf ' R lg C. Q 5 , in ,, 4 , ' ,Q E., V 4 f ..- ,A .1 T 5.15, ' 1 . , 5 ' , ,Rr rg fx ,,, F' j 42 K wi Q -9' .fl 9 5 . NVOOSI 1 IH wav nv F 5 fN 'Lf x.! ositn h Su Umtn r or ua: 0 . - - U lf 3'7 - 4 if NU -., 3 gp wx, 7 , .N f x KJ' fx, L . X-J' K-x P . ,. KW . XJ K P14 S U ra' n EQ. A v xv A .4 - J.. I A C3 4 ' W 'lm Ya 1 C v wr .-U' I u 'ala --ad' 1 ,T ff'5',qt?,i fu., -WM x ' lv? W1 . 0 , 1 F? A I- I 'iff s- 'Sz 153 -:J Ang 5-es .,-z' ' ' , ,Wi . 7 ,:' un Qian HO' .,.n Qs Q 51,1 O 1 E' J .. E li Y 1. ff l EMT W3, I iz, ff , My - 4 NJ! --W H All mn ' I fi if .1,. .4 V ' SZ' H P1 - , s 'Q ki., 11 an I. It 15531 R' ' 1 I Y F M N. Q 'I V g 0 ::,.-F 1 ' Hsin ig r 'Q Iaifll, 4. S 'V F311 i if Ik ' aff 'Q ' ,. 4 .y A 1 5' . N 1 K w '4 I w-YA F Y W 1 5, 4 ' rt: x . I fn C Af , H' I 2-:A - , sv - 2 s 'W . , . 'E fi I J, Q ,Hz 51 i He' 1 Q .L E . W-f, ,,, 1 'WY' g g, Q sv , .f-'rf In n . . + V I Hi- -fi ,I ,. ., ij! . vig .. X i Ii i? ,- f I nfs 1 V' il X - 1,0 H4 Q A tl: '33 iz, ff: ai Im 'N I --1 , ,f iq T 1 I Ai A 5 U , X ,af ia 1 ' ' .4 Y as 1 J, U m' 1 I, 'rf if 5, fy Q -4 X . xy J' Q s b ,P , fly' 1' si, L, L fx tfsv, 1 Ax IIHIIIIIW ,, HQ., A 1 Bfm ' 4 A,, A 5 r Al 1-4 1 I r. ' A is , fn 0 In 5 Q IMAX Q Q e M - - M -A 1' ' . N 5 M A ! - f , 'Nr A. , 11'-Q. ' ' - 5-4' --l , -F. ,, - ,Qmught . 7 .,V-. 1 Riu ill YR! .1 fi. -uv' Y ' l l 1- . 5 .- 'ffwhffvz- - Wm ' 'W H 4. , 3 ' x ,,.... . , .LQ ., -Mr W .t '- C f'fi,... . .1'1'1 . Q . 3 5.1 Q -I .,,,. -,gl '.,. .i: ,Q g 4, Q f, ' 2 . ' 'Q H u ,la go U 4-4.-Q L T?'c1rHsf 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J,- 1 ' 1 1'1' ' 1 0 -.1-1-1 1 1 . 1 - ' 'C-I-.-I-I . . . . . . . .-.:.:.:.:. . . . , l ..... . 11111111111111 111111111111111 11111111111111 1111111111111111 11111111111111 11.111111111111- 111 111 ' 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... R....... 1111 ,',l-111 111111 . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 -1111'1'1'.',',. 1 1 1 1 ill '0l0ll1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1'1'1'.',', 1 1 1 1 11111 gf..-1.1 1111 lillllin 'till' llll 1 1 1 1 1 1 1',',',-I 1 1 1 1 ......... .... Quill! llqll 111111111 11111 ...... , . .. . ...... ... ........ ... 111111111n11111 11111111111111 11111151-111011 an 11111 so 1111 .,,.. f'. ! '7y. E . N . 5 , fi 5 A I I , , Y . .C ,I 4 ' ,. 1. 1 .. gf, , , ,.L. ,, f f 1' 45 - ' f, , w 1K,!1 1 QC' N A V. vs. , fs, ,XLR ur.. - y ' X .5-E J 515, , ' , ',z,.'..'. .- ,A ,., , ,.,. ,, ...Y . I 1.-y ,, Wlzen a clzild at school fails to make a grade, he is lzandicapped in lzis further schooling until he regains tlze ground so lost. The same holds true in the evolutionary development of' races. Those who fail at any .stage to go forward into tlze next one at the cyclicly appointed time, fall out of' line with tlze cosmic forces to which they are linked and .stiffer linzitations and disabilities with which they would not otherwise have to control. In Lemuria a portion of' tlze race failed to go forward. The same was true in tlze later Atlantean Epoch Negroes are the survivals of' a backward strain of' the Lemuriansq lllongolians and American Indians are Atlanteans who failed to go forward with tlze vanguard which became tlze Aryan Race. As previously stated, Indian and Mongolians are branches ofthe Atlantean Race. While people who have tlzus fallen a step or two belzind in their racial progression have tlze opportunity of' regaining their lost position, tlze lot of the laggard is always hard and painful. Out of' this situation arises tlze chief' ingredients of' their heavy and sorrowful karma. For example, Indians possessed the American continents, with their immeasurable natural resources and opportunities for development, bit tlzey lacked the human resources with whiclz to turn tlzese to most profitable account. Consequently, they lost their lands under tlze law of' use or lose. Karma endgendered by the white man in his relations to tlze red man is far more serious than the average person realizes. It springs from the conznzission of' physical violence, moral wrongs and spiritual depredation. Though tlze Indian lost his continent because he was not putting it to its highest use, this loss did not give others eitlzer a legal or nzoral right to rob him of' all his land, to deprive him ofthe opportunity to live a life in accordance with his own cultural pattern, or to systematically erase from his consciousness religious beliefs and philosophical concepts that were part of' his racial heritage. Nor did tlze Indians lack of European culture and Christian doctrine justify wlzite men in destroying the faith ofa people who looked to them for enlightened guidance. Instead of' looking upon whites as emissaries from tlze Great White Spirit, as they did at first, they became disillusioned on finding them cruel, aggressive, greedy. destructive on findinng and quite devoid of' that reverential sense native to a race whiclz lives in a natural state close to the earth and sky and all that dwells herein. We have robbed the Indian ofhis native philosophy and spiritual concepts but failed to provide him with an adequate grasp of' tlze true values in our Aryan culture and Clzristian civilization. This was largely because of' our wrong approach and lack of' understanding of' the aborigine ls mentality. We sought to impose upon him a creedal Christianity he could hardly accept except in its cruder and more material aspects, while partially destroying his simple, natural faith in the livingness ofnature, and his unquestioning faith in an all-providing Supreme Spirit. Such wrongs breed antagonism and reprisals. Observe how karmic law brings home to us in many ways, some of' which are altogether tuisuspected by the average person, the fruits ofour sowing. Here is one way in which the karmic law reacts iuifzuoraisty upon us. Because of' the unfavorable conditions under which most Indians now live, the advanced egos among the race seek incarnation elsewhere. Opportunities for their advancement are far greater in Canada and in every one ofthe twenty American republics to the south. Nor is it only the most developed members ofthe race that so migrate and reincarnate. Large numbers ofthe less advanced .seek out lands where they can find greater freedom Mexico, only a fraction the si:e of' our country, has among its inhabitants 4lllI,tIlIU pure-blood Indians and nearly half' its population has an admixture of' Indian blood. Indians are not lacking a common knowledge about wrongs their race has suffered at American handsg many of' them carry for us, their destroyers a subconscious soul-rembrance which works as a force ininzical to our best interests. Their unfriendlyfeeling has even risen to the point Of' physical retaliation under any pretext whatsoever - as in tlze case of repeated trouble on the lllexican border with infractious elements, at times so serious as to actually threaten arnzed conflict be tween the two countries. One ofthe major causes ofthe downfallof'Spain fs once proud and powerful empire was that nations crime against the Indians while coloni:ing the new world. Her ruthless destruction ofthe Inca civilization in Peru under Pizarro and of' A:tec culture under Cortez set into motion forces which, in their repercussions, undermined her strength and reduced lzer to the status ofa second class power. Spanish Conquistadors were guilty of' shameless betrayal. c'onscienceless treachery, brutal depredatious and enslavement. They pillaged and burned vast collections of' historical and cultural treaures. Altogetlzer tlzis chapter of' New World conquest constitutes one of' history-ig darkest records. Higher type egos cease to incarnate into a nation which commits crimes ofsuch scope. Retrogression sets in as less developed types gravitate to areas thus forsaken. Then follows tlze nations decline, because the people of' a ization determine its character, stamina and power. Q. ,Lu I.,1,..L 4 . W , , A , ,. H 1 X v --Q .f A V' . ., . fr.-.1-'y-, . , . . Tw, . n.azw.1m?.xrcmm4umw. mf, ww'-vX.4 .- ., : 4 .' uf a 111111' along .S'll1'1I lines will w11 be able to re11abili111te 11111 l111li1111s 111111 1111111011 11111111 on ll new path of 1l111'11lopn111111 111161 s11lfl1'1111li:111io11 111161511 the s11111e tiine, loosen 1l111s11 11111111111 bonds 111111 partiallgv eripple IIS, 11111 1'o11s1'i11111'11 0.1-A111C1'1C'CI is f1WLl1i01l111g to 11111 11111111 for 1111 this. A11 l11C'1'U11SllIg 11lll1l19C1' of'so1'i11ties llC11'Cl 11111111 01'HC1l1ll'C'C1 to 11111111010 better rel11t1o11s h11tw111111 red 1111111 and 11111 w11i111 people. A17Z01lg 11111 nzost 111I1101'1111If 1'C'.S'l1lI'S llC'C'O11I17l0S1IC'C1 by these so1'1111i11s is jJ1'U1C'C'1101l 111 the field of legislation providilig the 1111111111 wit11 1156-111111IfO1'11ICIflO11 abo11t our l'L'Cl-S1x'11I1IC'C1 1?1'011I01'.S'.' 1'1'11111ing a11 1nt11res1 ill a11d .S'.l'11I1JC111I.l'11111' their WC'11fl1'0. T110-1' 11111.91 11lso be 1'r11d11i11d with 1ICH'l1lg done 111111111 to 121711111110 11111 U1I.S'C1'l'lllIC'C' 0,1'A11IU1'1C'CIlI Indian Day. 1 i1's1 111lvo1'11111d by 11111 11111ia11s f1IU11ISC'1l'6'.S', this day of 1'U111t'11Il71'111I!'C' has been U17.S'U1'VC'C1.1111' fl nznnber 0f.l'C'CI1'S of' I'1I1'111ll.S' 1111111111 111111 11011-1116116111 O1'g1l1llZCI11U11S which 111111 to 1'L'S101'C' to 11111 original possessors of' t11is 4-01111111-'111 1111111111 rights. pri1'il11g11s H1161 dignities of wh11'h llltfl' 1lCll'C' been ll1I.1IlSI'lil' C1C',1I1'1I'?C1. The Clllsl' has 111111 U41,1lC'1Cl1 l'6'C'U,21I111Ull and will 111'UlJL1lJl.l' be 11dopte1l 1111110111111-1' be C'1l11g1'6SSl01ICl161611011 111 11111 near f111ll1'C'. Illinois 111111 Wasliington 11111111 taken legislative aetion to 11111111 11111 1111111 on their State C1llC'1IC1?1'S. Goverizors of 11111111 States have 011 l'Cl1'1Ull.S' o1'1'asions 1SSl1C'C1 j1l'OC111111L111U1I.Y calling 1117011 their people to observe the CICIDI' with 111111 1'CgC11'C1 for its 1J111'12OSC'.. T1111 date 1'11ose11 as 1111111111 Dflll' is of itself'sig111f11'11nt, 11111llSl1lIC161' 11111 sign of Libra, 11111 SC'fIll'S 0'1'blI1Cl1Il'C'. C'l11111'11' 11 is a 616119 1'os1ni1111llgr C1C1C1'l1I111CC1, for 171'111ICl1'l11' wit11i11 11111 1'1l11'111o1j11 field of 1111s sig11 n111s1 11111 1111111111 prob1e111 be wo1'111'1l 11111 in 1111111110111 wi111 God 3' 6l'011-11511161061 111.s1111, 1llo1111n'11'1', Libra, being the ,QUl'6'1'1IO1' of pCl1'f1l01'S1I117S, points to tr11e union ofthe two races 111111 now stand divided 1111der a guardian-w11r1l l'61flf101IS1Il17. 11 is of' great 117l1701'fL11lC6 that t11e111d1a11 1111estio11 be brought to the fore. For too 10115211 has bee11 treated with general illC111.1P1'61lC?, The prevailing attit111l11 1111s been t11a1, as a ulf'Cl1l1S1l11Zg raee'f it 11as been eoizveiziently ' disposed of' on reservations presnntable suited to its needs and station, and that there is no occasion for giving t11e matter any f111't11er COIZCFFII. To agitate 011 its behalf for 1111s or that is very often regarded as znzwarrarzted on the part of' sentinzeiztalists w11o have nothing very inzportant to do a11d feel they s110111d be busy doing SO111?11l111g for soinebodbv. 1 lt is t11is general 111C1117P1'6'lZC'6 that IIIIIS1 be overeoine by calling tlze p11b1i1 s a11entio11 to 111e vital issue involved, So lo11g as we keep 111e 11111ia11 1'o111pletel,1' segregated and subject 111111 to present disabilities as an An1eri1'an citizen, we are violating the p1'11IC'1l7l? of' brotlzerliood that is not nzaking for 11s friends 111 Asia a1111 Africa, that goes Counter to Olll' den1o1'rati1' ideals, a111I that nzilitates against Olll' exer1'ising 11111 kind of' world leadership to which we have bee11 called. T11e 11o11r has come w11e11 no part ofthe lzznnan fa111i1,11 can be Sllllf away from arty toher part. S111111 bfl1'1'1?1'S CIS those tlzat 110W separate tlze red 111a11 from t11e wlzite are d11e for removal. We can do 1111s intelligently, hel f11llv 01161 peaeefnlly, We Can do it now, 111 o11r re at1o11 wi111 111e 111dia1zs no s111'io11s obstacle stands 111 t11e way. We need bllf realize what 11111 ti111es are dellldlldillg of' llS 'and act aeeorclingly. Right relations is 111e key to a ll1l1f16U'1Ill111Cl1I11'l' and a f1'lI1Il1l1l11Z?C1 world. lx ' 1 me Q tems A is qi in QW ' 35' x' -ugh 21' 5 P P Wh 173 'XI F, ' 5 f M X . m f. - Wk E- X 3 M' 11 XI it ig in Ax-gfiet' I3 'Wmz IIIIIIII fi 'mf if Krieg 11 Q... .BI RQ. 'A A PQ' v 9'Y,' ff if HW 1 Q'-vt Fr., :P xfwiw Q iqi' J 1 ' an.. Qizfgfg ' EN! vi' fu! , I U 1 .rata xg .. 2130. Q8 HX.: -Kwik 1 Sz' 9- ut .'ITi'v.92:n w.wr'.f, '-?ff5' +':2+ 'W' I. K 1' . ' .0 Y f I M Q K? nan The repercussions of the early Spanish invaders are still rumbling in the land of the Mayans, Incas and Aztecs. Rebellions and revolutions of various kinds are frequent occurrences. A recent newspaper item with a Mexican dateline says the Yaqui Indians are not willing to forget their persecutions by the Spanish - conquerors or Mexican agents. While they no longer sweep out their mountain stronghold to burn trains, butcher passengers and ranchers, and ravage the countryside, neighboring communities remain in constant fear of another Yaqui outbreak. Two cavalry posts are still maintained to protect adjoining white communities from possible attact and until recently all trains passing through this part of the country carried soldiers for protection. ' To the aggressor passes tlze burden of fear. The Yaquis continue to call a Mexican yori or enemy, and they are reported as generally disliking laws, soldiers, government' agents and Americans. This is not just a carryover from seventeenth and eighteenth century wrongs suffered at the hands of predatory invaders. As late as 1903 thousands of Yaquis were massacred by the Mexicans and t?ainloads were shipped into Yucatan to work like saves. . . . . . Another manifestation of this deep subconscious memory of fraud, deception and trachery, of which they were so often victims in centuries past, is the distrust with which republics toIIthe,southIview their more powerful neighbor to the north. This memory is undoubtedly a factor contributing to difficulties we encounter in our economic and diplomatic dealing 'Central and South American countries. Q j' f1?2.:1f? ff. .- . ...-..,1. 1. JT., .f 1 .,- ,ASW -..JI 'Q' .I.I.IIII Sr? 5' ...I 'Gly' .1 Il . -'41 ,T if ' N .4 fl u.-' -,kt - .Q ini in ' W ' LX' ff r I ', .'1'j1,i 12 . L 1 ' - 'qw L I'H , 1 T,I I I-I,.,-A .I 1 1 I 531,59 -.I .8 If AWI- SKI I. .LLPI .L I. I I III . . III II . Tin: ,I Img 5 .I . . .Ai -, '1, ee-4 1- A-. , W ' -1 yn , . . .W f 'f' 'F' .-1 ?'ff.5',.,. 'ggi ,. ISIN- :gg-. - I f.I I' Ig: ,FII ?Y'k.f,' I',:,7' , -- ' xg f' ' 3- '..' 'vt 'f gi ' .' .nf ' 'Q' f -mf rfffg' '. I If ' -I4 .N ' 'I.7,..'..+fff', ,Zlf, '5f,., -,3ff11f.k4I1f .. I ' . I 1 I-f,,,n-qv . .2 , ,..,,, QIIT, WIIQIYIQI I-A ., , . ., .-,-. , .,.A , .I A. . :+.1if3'.' ' I , - 1' a- . , , ' ' H 1-'QW'-i t i':f'.,.-:-x',e.j , , , 4 - '. ' ,AMI ...I f , '-V IA .'-1 ' ' I I. FII 5, E., Ifwyr ' . .4 ,ILVKI -' .7 ' I, ' !,,8...I-, in II.: . I 1 'SK 'J 'f 1 4 und' - ,' in'.f-Q'f?ag.'s 'i' Q ' '- L .ffi II I IgI aw Ii .1 'I .Sgg,?I..I.I. -,,, Vmy II.I ,I . Q., H' ...., ' .11 .- .J '- ' . N . J' ' 4 '. ' xx bra... 'P f- 'ft' La N.. .. E s ' - . . ,'f'. 1, .1 A. . pw ' 3' ' -'f 7' .. 7 ' 2 'f1'- ' . A .. . . r NS. wrffwf I 4 --I ..IIII.IInP2I .iygfhj at-'Iv .5 HQIIIA-Ie--II-.I Hg,-EI .i 1 I u ..l'.'. I X, . 'R l f'If,1:41,.. ' '-Rl' 9'-5S.?i.t f A'T' A' ' . 2.1. '. ,Z ' A ,. 7 gf ,': - 'S - ri 4 f -zefffi, w-rf' . Q.. a.aTi,? fa I I , 5 . f I , .. I-41, I. 'Il .if I ff- v.vI1IIe. Z 5 Y. . fn Q fx R, . ' V :,,. Lk if-E 2 'Z Y- . 1 .,. 1 I -1 . sr I, -'f.g,I, .. 'I' gl A fa I ' . ' --QM. ' '-.4941 is .. ...ff 51.9.-'A 2-Q. at ,,' V.. ,fd IIA.. . 4 Q ..,,. ,- 1 . .H . ', sf.. --1 I' -,pv . . A 1 , .. ,xi-.. 4. ,. . . ,. 545 ,.l... . I 4. .- j I 33- -.ffJwf'. ' I 4, ,IKE ' , mf, I, . 3' 'xiii Q ' -x .n? s. E1 .i:..,'-kvflw f- ,Q Q, ,Ll , . - I gf - ,. , I I-3 ,. ' . . AI' vi ' I tI I II. I Ii-I..I'I:4F , ?,. I4-4II',, 9. - II ik. I .IIIII:q, II I - If-'Iga I, I .-II,I'aw.'F - Ca I ., 'A-Ate, ,T ei' .'., A ',. '-'- -K -' ' ' rs - 1 35-fi' Y ..f ' Q' if . I II NQII Inky I 4,l:fII:l Q f 35 z:2,.i.', - .3 . f-'ff .- :L .- A' Q1 + f Frm '. . 1 . -' I. I ,.:IIj,,i-, ,wI.f,:I f .I 'Il eg, nm .I I . . . '. J. ', we-' 'Q fx.: 'A -...f . I NNE. . -. ' '.' ' If sjjfai- ' .I f 1 - - 'hm y 1 J 2 4 ui '44-. ,: ffizi 3, . ---- ' ' - ' I. Ck- ' ' 'K-'24, nf. ilflw fig ' ,-' 1--'.., i Qg'I4,',I. . -. E U .' 'x ' f 'X ' 4 2235. - ' ' . ,, . .- ff-'X f , . fl . . E .. . 4 .3 . 3, . - I ...Q III4 ' 3 1-,V , f ff ' Nu f .5 .. .'5 , ' .L 1',gl?- . . Q 4.193 3 .52 - jg. 5.15-' fi l't'ig-1'2 - .-if'-,,g ffl' .' :. -Lv 1' ' -f, . .- nge , '- -,v . ' 0 ..' ' I .. c' I fffAf,' -1 , 23441 f II... . .r,:,Iv'1 X- ' IQ-an jen,- . ,I ., , , up ,I II . . g F.. 9 2,4 V I I ' , II A -, 5' 't,.-if 1'1kY f-'I' riff ' '.' r ,NI ,if-f 4 ' ' . g' V we .I,Q.II,: I M-f',',vv'-g mv? 'I' QQ.-. V .v - . ' 'e - --Lf z' I-' '54 '? :'4 ,.'f '1 ' ' .. - M . 1- 172 I. ' ' v-:gg !p .- I .4- mg-', .-I-. I'-A1343-mfs:-11,- ,a, , . I ' y .1 . 1 Q. L...f- 5 ', , . I' 1' .Ir H ..'1frf'II,wj,.u. 2 ' . 7 1 - . -ft' ..,, . .45 -. sf' Agp:-,gn f' .r .-Q' , ' - ,N I. -. .. 9 -. . a 1. ' . V ., Lb. 'yn 'E' ' i7'5 '-', Fg'f . . 55 IW gm' I II I . If. .Q,gI.XI, I - ' 1 i. ,:- E 2 'C s '! 'lv'1. gi-MW' 'fn .-.'1:. 3'7 'r , M4 - -. v ' lf' .-f'2..v-at f . -2 ' ' 'tw'- ' s- '-I - f 'x t. - .ws .- v M. .5- ' 1. Q. -- t -A , v - ggff' 1 ff-p.-ug. ,:' -1? . 1 L - -l.. A --W as-.Q -- N , ,, - V , ,LA-sa, A pu F. , ,, , - ua LIE-. ,Edu T., ',.,- - 1 I,,.,,3,-ff-fs. , f M I.,--. . 1 H - 'I -. 1 an 1... qggt- . X , 1' fI 4kaqfpv ,I .1 f '4lZ 'vin ,I . . K : ...II - ,liar 1 ' f -- 4,,,,.,.,, -tA'w?x'. f '11?...- 1- J s . vw.. . 'z W f - f . : X. x ,RA , -ey , I, - Qc N y t. . 7.5-W A .4-. -Q , 0 I -4' if-. A . f CHUM! px Y , . . I ' oe L 1 ' f - ,.. , - 6 X - f'!f ..-- ' . . .,.. ,-II- .1 I ..- ,Q . .. - . . fl . ' ' A ' :w..I.. 1' i I .EI I .-:III -IgII'I I' . II'I I .rs I I I . Vf'sQ,L3' 'T' 1 . 'JK' I IITII I , I III I!IqII,. I IIII . YI, sip.. I , x ' t x 4 i . . ii -Ili! 2 f A ji ., ,..I:I .Il H, r , . , . I. , 'nys WX 1' .. .. . .. Q .-7,21 iff' ,Aff ,f2Q 1' ' Y ' a .2 EH 'A f f-et I if ...I I N Q 1 E3 IIIENIII 41 I y ,IA II I .. 1 t ff V n 4- 5 ' '- fb' 4' .V ' rr D 1 4 -if -. ' me .1 x -'1fx'7' i ' 'V .-'f-gi., ge,-'C 'bt-gi 3- ,ml f s !'f'5'fi ' ' . I , P-1.-7 , 'oy qq- . P V91 1 431 K I P I l I , 4 .. .M ,, . 3. -, .,..5,5 . . , 1 , 3 Q 'Q Q 'H ' , P .- ' 1 ,, , , , , , v - . ' . ' , A' r. . . ,3 ' ' ,- . - ' ':- f .I -I . , 4 ,. -4 - g ' ,.-,f,,-'Tr -N . . 'a 5 5 . . 5 . . .. f - .. l. H -1 . n. , . , 41, .vt-N l 5, A T . z S- , 4, , t . K- ' 4. - 'G-.2 . -5..'-abr. x. I .: .J ' Y! -v I .sf . .R f.. - 5 ' 0 in -,: .' :gf I.:-QI I . y glillliii 1 VW K 1 'gf L. JN K ar x X Xia biixrsrg' x 'El f ' . Q Hi 5 M RPT 4-:Fe , Q I . ' f ' A- ig . r , II ,I I I g ig, Ig-ig -fue' ,I.14IgIn-g 'Iv Ls. I , ,' I-5 4 I. H .QL Q.: ' ,gi ., ' T15 film .,I.fSf - s-1 .3 b 1' 22, 'ii' .fe S, ii ' ' 3'f ?fv-3, wil,-544--. .. 3 - - .,-5 . If ...i y, 421, .Q X-551 ,pf . -1 f ,, , ' . 1. 3, ,Lg N. 'Lkvlviia .. fgf. - A .3 .q -1 Z, S, , me f we ,affix f' I., .I . 2. .' ' .. , ' . ' ir? 'fm' I-'QU5-'giflfi 17.35 'fxf fare .?wI-.II I ' 1 1. I 3 agygfgf 74 t 1. I J - ,f,,'4k ,145 - III . . IIIIAQ hun.. .I I I II L.:g7'7LL'g. 'f1I..f,jjw - A - rf H51 4, ,. 3 v 5 . 4 .. . . T., -F av'-1. -.- 4 .-1 + A . 429- 4,34 . -,ji I A . Iiga-,V I-,,II,,Q Pi: -Q, A, xx .. . jg , . X' 1 . .IT .1 . . , - Q--'Q -arf ., vt:-4 v. 4-1,-,JI X-,gf - f if fs-eJe1:.G f A vi gs if +9313 .1 ,.ie!a.1.JY1C?a. 'Z Q7'?'+ Y... -.-. Reactions of pain and sorrow also come to us from the astral plane. This aspect of the subject has been vividly depicted by Judge Hatch in a communication purported to come from him by tlze hand of Elsa Barker, as recorded in LAST LETTERS FROM THE LIVING DEAD MAN. After' describing a gathering of earthbound Indians in alwooded area somewhere in New England, and recognizing that what he had come upon was the enactment of a ritual, he said, I was sad, for I had not understood before lzow real was the danger to my country in these times of crisis from the karma the old settlers lzad made. Of course they believed they were doing right in ridding themselves and their adopted land from the simple but complex natives, whose civilizationwas older than the civilization of Europe, and who had loved this land as only those can love a land who have' known the freedom of its spaces. And speaking of the Chief in charge of forest ritual, lze observed tlzat lze saw that whate-ver harm he mistakenly sought to accomplish, in his- soul was the consciousness of justice, that fundamental balance between riglzt and wrong, that proposition of law which, when native in the mind, gives it dignity and nasty sorcery, but a kind of priest of retribution, a tribal demi-god who miglzt perhaps some day be made constructive and not destructive an instrument of the great Genius of America, tlze Weaver of Destiny who lzas our land in charge. Vx file' ' Zkxgg . ,, .X , I .., I,'u?v!-:::.I1N .K IWIIIZIII II WLIIIII, 1 -XM ' 25,3-s.'H 'I is Ffh-'-12 -f U: :IX NIE,-,,.x..ixI QI, 5:9355 . L .I . ' ff' - ll?-'Qs' -FQ . x,,,,- it t 11- . ,... '-2-, f vm -A kb'i1wf-33.-is . -- . .J . L- . B , ., X., . .,,. .v 1 . , ll Q- ., .. .073 A . s W' 1- . . . . .. v e ff - 'NX - fi 8 1-Sv ..- - J..-... . -.f- - . ' X5 , .,,':I'L'q,'g-s- --fJ2,x-A'.'.--sv . Ts' 4. .if A S .-if--' i fx , Q- . .51 -3 '45-,--fjffr 6...-:..f ' , Lei -Hx xiii- 52.-4 Q- ' T' J'5-f-SQ' - A,-yfrjqhf' .- ' ' - r- ff- 3:19 11- -cy. .. .. - - 1 . . ' 'f ev: R .. .I'I'I.II :II,III. . Y!pw,.II . .. v: II evSIAxI Y-QYI ' 'S-f 'Iii .I 5 5,4 I fsx' 41, - 3. -. 'f'-I I Sf-,Qi.'.-if7'-nf,-P'- 'I'I' a..r,.'. .sb gg ' -X . V-M -- .' L QI ' '. ,. -N'a'2f.?f-'.q5..'-'af ,iff 'fr -.wig '-L .2-fr' ' Xi 'N' r.. ., we .:' gr.: '. '- 'H+ 1 ,.. . 5 .. 'Fwy .. - 'sl tk X ' 9' rf- ...f 1-'ii K-ik 1- J ,wif-fgfg , xi 1 Q1 ,t .Q xg We fi ,. -Igib'-.. I Q DQR-33, f .Q ' P1 gf:-1-2 .- ,E . ,Ev- ,-.aI-,3gf.fv.I5zg5II9I?,I not-V -- .fc -- - ' A g 'Y -. ' . W. 'W -- -- . . . - -'V' S -.i'!'r- t'v-'fr -Y - .. . .- zfrg, x -,-,, .QQ . . . ,J H-, , Q 'N J- QQ .,. Wu , - -- ff . . -- .sg age' -N, -35-5-g.. . My egx, -an ,iw - .pon .,.1,,.-.J -,- ya!'.s'.jfi - ,..5.,.-41. -S V. .. 1- 1-M .. .2 e . .ff-1--zf. fufwfs-ff.. ns- e wQg1xw.- vs. ff.-. . - . -s.,.....--. aff fe- -I if S'- H An ' l . -s 'N W. ' ' f' ' -'-.' if -5' - . .J II ,.Ix,5,-x , xx, , - .wi . I. ,, . xI,,,iI, ,,-. . x . . ,I-1 . ae. V -.vk-.45 35. ls- ' 1 . X A . - 1 f SN. ' 'ng' - ...N 7 . ,, . L. V - .k A ., .. - f-- X 114.-T'4Y. J ' V .,,Av,6-N M - J -. -. . ' f' 5- .- ' .1 ,, , . -A , . m 'T x ' A ,bk .his l Z, ,v 5u.:' s. . .2 '. , . , 40.1, .21 C' . X ,bg 75 -1:9 b ,x 1. I ,. N . ..' . N-,, 5 , .b . ,. .-.f . Mas' , wi. . , ,, H- -1.'.'1-Lg, - we ,A .,-1--f.v.-fili ,gf ' 4 Qv.'7. ?fr,:--3?:f4. !..b, f.1r5f- -,pf ,nr-', -475' .At 4. ...iv-' F- r.l Y,---l':,?1 f '1. L.'T'fw,. fum? ? g:..n.. .. 5 ..z .5 li Q 5 .,, iv. . pr ..--3' -' .r 'figkfgff J. Z .f -gm, -J if v --fTf'- N. gfffj dnl .:'. gig! fl ,fu 1 T'-Gal 'wr '1 Aff- 1, :'g.' 1 .V A- if, 55 J -A' 1 Sw., A wtffiffba .. B 4:35. ,feb zg. 'ea' :Vg 33. f ,J I-gf: if-6' 5 jg' X +3 ' '21 -T 'P' ...H-2 S QQ' 5.ggfffig,ff4 35'-gf ' 1 F' yu,-,7ff2 f, .5 .- ' 'ga D s:'Lg7ifJ !?: ',. v .. 1 ' X r .V .6 f .. , V ., i'2 fA 4 A' - - 1 L 4. ,,. ,, , 1 , . f 'apr ea' E512 ,edit :jj .' -1 ,L lgffrg ..' 'iff A . ,'.. Q c--f .mr Q.: ' '. J. 13' . . . ng 1 , ' - A 1 - . ,:' , 'f V 1115 , . 1 .JV ' 41,3 I 1- -L ' , ff ., , . l F f ,, ' 6 x iv f 1 QS..- x A reading of this chapter from which we have quoted will make it quite apparent that there is a direct connection between tlze accumulated crimes committed by our people against the red man over a period of centuries and the potential army of 6,000,000 criminal which J. Edgar Hoover of the FBI reported as seriously threatening life and property in every part of our land. There would be little crime in America now, writes Ernest Thompson Seaton, authority on Indian culture, if tlze laws of the red man were operating instead of tlze laws of the white man. Nor would the politically subversive forces in our midst be as strong as they are were it not for the support they get from the inimical Indian forces to do the very thing emnittered discarnate beings most desire to see accomplished. The effect of such karma on our national life is subtle, serious and far-reaching. It is a hindrance to freedom because it is literally true that while a single captive remains on earth, no one is completely free. So long as minorities are not free, a measure of bondage extends to all. India did not recover her political independence and national freedom until She U emancipated her untouchablesg and we in America will never realize complete freedom and tranquility until full justice is-done to our segregated population, both Indian and Negro. Americas battle for the Four Freedoms begins at home. We cannot pursue them successfully abroad until we sincerely apply then at home. The liquidation of our debt of destiny to the Indians calls for energetic and enlightened action in many directions. They need to be taught the duties and responsibilities of citizenship as we teach them to the foreign-born. Their educational facilities require enlargement. Instruction should be placed more and more into the hands of Indains themselves. So, too, the administration of their own affais. Cultural values belonging to ancient civilization must be preserved and cultivated. Their arts and crafts must be taught and again practiced. History books should be rewritten. Americans must know the red man as he really is. His status must be that of a partner rather than a ward,' that ofa political, economic and cultural asset instead of a problem-child liability. The ethical and spiritual content of Indian beliefs needs to be widely taught and incorporated into our Christian civilization. ' 7 A ---mmf , ' r f ' c ,,.,. r . 731-I U 1 5' 1 f . ,L mx .r v :I-QP,-1,-' 1 l,-Q , . n 0 - 1 1 -.Q 0.0. Q . .- .. .- -Q ...Q ...- --on Q... ...a . Q . Q-..- ...no no... ...un .--.- fn-.- lu... - . . ..... --nn- . Q Q - . . ..--f-. ..- 0. ,.f z VJf J,,.. K ....-'-f X .ww 4 Ay ,g .1 P X ,, . 0 A ' -' ' . 7' I . J. v ? ' ' xx, Am Q V rv V Q 2 . , ' Lf' M If 7 L 1 M .Q . 19? f 1 1 +P f I 3 1 K U 4 1 I Y i I . 32 - N n 9 ' Q 5-X .vw s s - , v . . f . .h .1 S . ' ' 5 'J-- R 4, 1.- Xq- . X , V r X , if . .h X iv- bv- J --. ' ,- X - 3 X x .- -h, - 4. H 5 'N I 'z' XX K 551'-K .wx -, tv ns.-A . I '-6-' -D '. -.,- - - V . W - + x. fx, X ., 1 qw '15 , ' -iUl'.,.'f -- fgkyf., v 4 . D , ' , Y . . C lr-L' -.,,, ...V -Q- ' J,aV ' pn, 1 N v A , . . tr.-i, -' . ' ' -1 A A x - r. g , '- f,.L - -.N 0 J - - -Q-.Q ' ' . ' A U . , f fe... L 1 . - '-4 - u . ,,u ' A' ' . iq I ' I ,ii N ' l ' i: 4.3 ' .. ' I' Q 'Y 5 rs I Y, I 1 . Y'-f ' L gy A 1 , ' L , Why as ' x I , ' 'E4.fA if- . ' ' . . , ' Q lil-7. . .. .h my wa .N V-1 , ' 1 .ig qt fig 1- 1' ' y O . Q I 1 2 rid-4 -? 'Z pg ,w. 'S .,-'K' ,N,4w R , A., ':. 'Ml 1 5-' - '-Q : A Vg' ,. .- . f - 1, 'nf if v Ugvfv. 5,5 ., 'O' .R .1 , ,' -- v ' . ,, . .+ ,,, 9333i .. ., ,tips 6 . ,A - r-,-.. Jo- - . 91 i- ,N . Ju A -X - .,- . wk chruches do with him, Boehme's position in ll '- ,V t..utgiur.S1Dr,z-:ati vvltn Im:.uuctr.me ui suonmation ,butthe theologian of the resurrected body is if :cgibtzil1effTQf Gorl itz,1EJacob M Boehme . . ,fli55f,1f.WestErh, tradition of mystic hope of better things is central and 3assttred'.,lBackward he is linked, through Paracelsus and aichemy, to the tiiarilition ii,' at 'Christian gnosticism and Jewish cabalismp forward he is 5linfked,j'th.rough his'influence,on the romatics Blake, Novalis, and Hegei, with' 'iFreucl, ' We have argued that psychoanalysis has ' not fpsychoanalyzed itself until it places itself inside the history of Western thought -- inside the general neurosis 1 of mankind. So seen, .psychoanalysis is the heir to a mystical tradition which it must affirm . . Boehme, like Freud, understands death not as a mere nothing but as a 'positive force either in dialectical conflict with life lin fallen manl, or dialectically unified with life lin God's perfectionl. Thus, says Benz, Our life remains a struggle between life and death, and as long as this conflict lasts, anxiety last also. ln Boehme'sl concept of life, the concept of play, or love-play, is as central as it is in Freud'sp and his concept of the spiritual or paradisical body of Adam before the Fall recognizes the potent demand in our unconscious both for an androgynous mode of being and for a narcissistic mode of self-expression, as well as the corruption in our current use of the oral, anal, and genital functions. lt is true that Boehme does not yet accept the brutal death of the individual physical body, and therefore makes his paradisical body ambiguously immaterial, without oral, anal, and genital organs: and yet he clings obstinateiy to the body and to bodily pleasure, and therefore says that Adam was magically able to eat and enjoy the essence of things, and magically able to r9Df0dUC9 and to have sexual pleasure in the act of reproduction. Boehme is caught in these dilemmas because of his insight into the corruption of the human body, his insight that all life is life in the body, and, on the other hand, his inability to accept a body which dies. No Protestant theologian has gone further: or rather, later Protestantism has preferred to repress the problem and to repress Boehme . . . Psychoanalysis accepts the death of the body: but psychoanalysis has something to learn from body mysticism, occidental and orientai, over and above the wealth of psychoanalytical insights contained in it. For these mystics take seriously, and traditional psychoanalysis does not, the possibility of human perfectibility and the hope of finding a way out of the human neurosis into that simple health that animals enjoy, but not man. As Protestantism degenerated from Luther and Boehme, it abandoned its religious function of criticizing the existing order and keeping alive the mystical hope of better things: in psychoanalytical terminology, it lost contact with the unconscious and with the immortal repressed desires of the unconscious. The torch passed to the poets and philosophers of the romantic movement. The heirs of Boehme are Blake, Novalis, Hegel, and, as Professor Fl. D. Gray has recently shown, Goethe. lSee his Goethe The Alchemist.l These are the poets whom Freud credited with being the real discoverers of the unconscious. Not only toward the mVS'fiCS but also toward the poets psychoanalysis must quit its pretension of supramundane superiority. lnstead ofexposingthe neuroses of the poets, the psychoanalysts might learn from them, and abandon the naive idea that there is an immense gap, in mental health and intellectual objectivity, between themselves and the rest of the world. ln the worId's opinion, in the eyes of common sense, Novalis is crazy, and Ferenczi also: the worid will find it easier to believe that we are all mad' than to believe that the psychoanalysts are not. And further, it does not seem to be the case that the psychoanalytical mode of reaching the unconscious has superannuated the poetic, or artistic, mode of attaining the same ..g,g3.,::g,g.,'jg,-3.1 '--, 5 ' -we , -- , -l 1 r , , Q .,,,..L. ,.. ,,f. N., xii,-w ,rx -,I-s..:',a, . ' . 1 1 ,J ', - ' e1tff:tr..n 1:., 4, , fig, , .M - . 1. 1' - 1 , -J -.:.1 4-as-it . 1 ., r , - 1 , 1 r P U ..YnYz.-.A. 'Q' sf' I objective. Anyone conversant both with modern literature and with psychoanalysis knows that modern literature is full of psychoanalytical insights not yet grasped, or not so clearly grasped, by scientific psychoanalysis. And anyone who loves art knows that psychoanalysis has no monopoly on the power to heal. What the times call for is an end to the war between psychoanalyisand art - a war kept alive by the sterile debunking approach of psychoanalysis to t art -- and the beginning of cooperation between the two in the work of therapy and in the task of making the unconscious conscious. A little more Eros and less strife. I . Modern poetry, like psychoanalysis and Protestant theology, faces the problem of the resurrection of the body. Art and poetry have always been altering our ways of sensing and feeling -- that is to say, altering the human body. And Whitehead rightly discerns as the essence of the Romantic Reaction a revulsion against abstraction lin psychoanalytical terms, sublimationl in favor of the concrete sensual organism, the human body. Engergy is the only life, and is from the Body . . . Energy is Eternal Delight, says Blake . . . The magical body which the poet seeks is the subtle or spiritual or translucent body of occidental mysticism, and the 'diamond body of oriental mysticism, and, in psychoanalysis, the polymorphously perverse body of childhood Thus, for example, psychoanalysis declares the fundamentally bisexual character of human natureg Boehme insists on the androgynous character of human perfectionp Taoist mysticism invokes feminine passivity to counteract masculine aggressivityp and Rilke's poetic quest is a quest for a hermaphroditic body. There is an urgent need for elucidation of the interrelations between thses disparate modes of articulating the desires of the unconscious. Jung is aware of these interrelations, and orthodox psychoanalysts have not been aware of them. But no elucidation results from incorporation of the data into the Jungian system, not so much because of the intellectual disorder in the system, but rather because of the fundamental orientation of Jung, which is flight from the problem of the body, flight from the concept of repression, and a return to the path of sublimation. Freudianism must face the issue, and Freud himself said: Certain practices of the mystics may succeed in upsetting the normal relations between the different regions of the mind, so that, for example, the perceptual system becomes able to grasp relations in the deeper layers of the ego and in the id which would outherwise be inaccessible to it. Joseph Needham's interest in what we have called body mysticism, an interest which underlies his epoch-making work Science and Civilization in China, reminds us that the resurrrction of the body has been placed on the agenda no only by psychoanalysis, mysticism, and poetry, but also by the philosophical criticism of modern science. Whitehead's criticism of modern science. Whitehead's criticism of scientific abstraction is, in psychoanalytical terms, a criticism of sublimation. His protest against The Fallacy of Nlispalced Concreteness is a protest on behalf of the living body as a whole: But the living organ of expereince is the living body as a whole g and his protest on behalf of value insists that the real structure of the human body, of human cognition, and of the events congnized is both sensuous and erotic, seIf-enjoyment. Whitehead himself recognized the affinity between himself and the romantic poets: and Needham of course recognizes the affinity between the philosophy of organism and mysticism. Actually Needham may be exaggerating the uniqueness of Taoism. The whole Western alchemical tradition, which urgently needs re-examination, is surely Whiteheadian in spirit, and Goethe, the last of the alchemists, in his Essay on the Metamorphosis of Plants produced the last, or the first, Whiteheadian scientific treatise. Goethe, says a modern biologist, reached out to the reconciliation of the antithesis between the senses and the intellect, an antithesis with which traditional science does not attempt to cope. V , . -. .. ., - ..- ani' th . , V, -1- , h J . WF. ve- -..-. a , . tm' K Q, -. F' - .n.osus.Q , ,' x . ,lr ' -- -nf 1- 4 f' - v A i, . ,,, , Y' -, W- T A- P4-lr ' --1 - , . ' i --9' . . ' 'aaslisfrssrrffi -H '-sw -ii, QQ A W- ,.tf,t- sp. ws--' al.-4 f f -xi 175' -A f-ess.. - --. ,. ' .,w,f., fy .3,!'--14-'M-f,-4--f?'f-3 '1gi t-'fi W '.- g -.. '-' E - -f -Ce-SB, ' . - tv: 5 5 P'- Y . r...i.:.......L- 5, ., ...au T., 1. 5 r A , . ill?-A -s 251 t 1 Perhaps there are even deeper issues raised by the confrontation between psychoanalysis and the philosophy of organism. Whitehead and Needham are protesting against the inhuman attitude of modern science, in psychoanalytical terms, they are calling for a science based on an erotic sense of reality, rather than an aggressive dominating attitude toward reality. From this point of view alchemy land Goethe's essay on plantsl might be said to be the last effort of Western man to produce a science based on an erotic sense of reality. And conversely, modern science, as criticized by Whitehead, is one aspect of a total cultural situation which may be described as the dominion of death-in-life. The mentality which was able to reduce nature to a dull affair, soundless, scentless, colourless: merely the hurrying of material endlessly, meaninglessly -- Whitehead's description -- is lethal. lt is an awe-inspiring attack on the life of the universe, in more technical psychoanalytical terms, its anal-sadistic intent is plan. And further, the only historian of science who uses psychoanalysis, Gaston Bachelard, concludes that it is of the essence of the scientific spirit to be mercilessly ascetic, to eliminate human enjoyment from our relation to nature, to eliminate the human senses, and finally to eliminate the human brain: lt does indeed seem that with the twentieth century there begins a kind of scientific thought in opposition to the senses, and that it is necessary to construct a theory of objectivity in opposition to the object . . . lt follows that the entire use of the brain is being called into question. From now on the brain is strictly no longer adequate as an instrument for scientific thought, that is to say, the brain is the obstacle to scientific thought. lt is an obstacle in the sense that it is the coordinating center for human movements and appetities. lt is necessary to think in opposition to the brain. The resurrection of the body is a social project facing mankind as a whole, and it will become a practical political problem when the statemen of the world are called upon to deliver happiness instead of power, when political economy becomes a science of use-values instead of a science of accumulation. ln the face of this tremendous human problem, contemporary social theory, both captalist and socialist, has nothing to say. Contemporary social theory lagain we must honor Veblen as an exceptionl has been completely taken in by the inhuman abstractions of the path of sublimation, and has no contact with concrete human beings, with their concrete bodies, their concrete though repressed desires, and their concrete neuroses. To find social theorists who are thinking about the real problem or our age, we have to go back to the Marx of 1844, or even to the philosophers influencingjlvlarx in 1844, Fourier and Feuerbach. From Fourier's psychological analysis of the antithesis of work and pleasure lVlarx obtained the concept of play, and used it, in a halfhearted way to be sure, in some of his early utopian speculations. From Feuerbach lVlarx learned the necessity of moving from l-legelian abstractions to the concrete senses and the concrete human body. Nlarx's philosophic-economic manuscripts of 1844 contain remarkable formulations calling for the resurrection of human nature, the appropriation of the human body, the transformation of the human senses, and the realization of a state of self-enjoyment. Thus, for example, lVlan appropriates himself as an all-sided being in an all-sided way, hence as total man. lThis appropriation lies inl every one of his human relationships to the world -- seeing, hearing, smell, taste, feeling, thought, perception, experience, wishing, activity, loving, in short, all organs of his individuality. The human physical senses must be emancipated from the sense of possession, and then the humanity of Thus moder science confrims Ferenczi's aphorism: Pure intelligence is thus a product of dying, or at least of becoming mentally insensitive, and is therefore in principle madness. What Whitehead and Needham are combating is not an error but a disease in consciousness. ln more technical psychoanalytical terms, the issue is not the conscious structure of science, but the unconscious premises of science: the trouble is in the unconscious strata of the scientific ego, in the scientific character-structure. Whitehead called the modern scientific point of view, in spite of its world-conquering success, quite unbelievable. Psychoanalysis adds the crucial point: it is insane. Hence there is unlikely to be any smooth transition from the mechanistic point of view to the organismic point of view. lt is unlikely that problems generated in the mechanistic system will lead to organismic solutions. The two points of view represent different instinctual orientations, different fusions of life and death. It is even doubtful that the adoption of an organismic point of view under present conditions would be a gain, it might be a relapse into naive animism . . . Psychoanalytical therapy involves a solution to the problem of repression: what is needed is not an organismic ideology, but to change the human body so that it can become for the first time an organism -- the resurrection of the body. An organism whose own sexual life is as disordered as man's is in no position to construct objective theories about the Yin and the Yang and the sex life of the universe. the senses and the human enjoyment of the senses will be achieved for the first time. Here is the point of contact between Marx and Freud: I do not see how the profundities and obscurities of the philosophic-economic manuscripts can be elucidated except with the aid of psychoanalysis . . . Psychoanalytical thinking has a double realtion to the dialectical imagination. It is, on the one hand lactually or potentiallyl, a mode of dialectical consciousness: on the other hand, it contains, or ought to contain, a theory about the nature of the dialectical imagination. l say actually or potentially because psychoanalysis, either asa body of doctrine or an experience of the analysand, is no total revelation of the unconscious repressed. The struggle of consciousness to circumvent the limitations of formal logic, of language, and of common sense is under conditions of general repression never ending . . . Dialectical are those psychoanalysts who continue this struggle, for the rest, psychoanalytical terminology can be a prison house of Byzantine scholasticism in which word-consciousness is substituting for consciousness of the unconscious. And even if we take Freud as the model of psychoanalytical consciousness, we have argued that at such crucial points as the relation between the two insticts and the relation between humanity and animality, Freud is trapped because he is not sufficiently dialectical. Nevertheless, the basic structure of Freud's thought is committed to dialiectcs, because it is committed to the vision of mental life as basically an arena of conflict: and his finest insights lfor example, that when the patient denies something, he affirms itl are incurably - Fi f ' ' -0'- '.1' '. -. l 'VX , , 5 un.-U1 Q- M .-as-'.,.,+-5 ' '1l? l 4 0 . A Q . v oi '1- Q. . of? . 'wo - V avr ' 3134 J -M ,. , Q 4? 1 -,QL .u., ...V .A , 1 H ,f . ,.. .il dialectical. Hence the attempt to make psychoanalysis out to be scientific lin the positivist sensel is not only vain but destructive. Empirical verification the positivist test of science, can apply only to that which is fully inconsciousness: but psychoanalysis is a mode of contacting the unconscious under conditions of general repression, when the unconscious remains in some sense repressed. To put the matter another way, the poetry in Freud's thought cannot be purged away, or rather such an expurgation is exactly what is accomplished in scientific textbooks of psychology: but Freud's writings remain unexpurgatable . . . The key to the nature of dialectical thinking may lie in psychoanalysis, more specifically in Freud's psychoanalysis of negation. There is first the theorem that there is nothing in the id which can be compared to negation, and that the law of contradiction does not hold in the id. Similarly, the dreamdoes not seem to recognize the word no. Instead of the law of contradiction we find a unity of opposites: Dreams show a special tendency to reduce two opposites to a unity , Any thing in a dream may mean its opposite. We must therefore entertain the hypothesis that there is an important connection between being dialectical and dreaming, just as there is between dreaming and poetry or mysticism. Furthermore, in his essay The Antithetical Sense of Primal Words Freud compares the linguistic phenomenon of a hidden lin the etymological rootl identity between words with antithetical meanings, he reveals the significant fact that it was the linguistic phenomenon that gave him the clue to the dream phenomenon, and not vice versa. lt is plain that both psychoanalysis and the study of language lphilosophical and philologicall need a marriage or at least a meeting. And, on the other hand, Freud's essay On Negation may throw light on the nature of the dialectical dissatisfaction with formal logic. Negation is the primal act of repression, but it at the same time liberates the mind to think about the repressed under the gerneral condition that it is denied and thus remains essentially repressed. With Spinoza's formula omnis determinatio est negatio in mind, examie the following formulations of Freud: A negative judgement is the intellectual substitute for repression: the 'No' in which it is expressed is the hall-mark of repression . . . By the help of the symbol of negation, the thinking process frees itself from the limitations of repression and enriches itself with the subject-matter without which it could not work efficiently. But: Negation only assists in undoing one of the consequences of repression -- the fact that the subject-matter of the image in question is unable to enter consciousnes. The result is a kind of intellectual acceptance of what is repressed, though in all essentials the repression persists. We may therefore entertain the hypothesis that formal logic and the law of contradiction are the rules whereby the mind submits to operate under general conditions of repression. As with the concept of time, Kant's categories of rationality would then turn out to be the categories of repression. And conversely, dialectical would be the struggle of the mind to circumvent repression and make the unconscious conscious. But by the same token, it would be the struggle of the mind to overcome the splits and conflict within itself. It could then be identified with that synthesizing tendency in the ego of which Freud came finally to place his hope for therapy. As an attempt to unify and T0 CLIVE. the dialectical consciousness would be a manifestation of Eros. And, as consciousness trying to throw off fetters of negation, the dialectical consciousness would be a step toward the Dionysian ego which does not negate any more. What the great world needs, of course, is a little more Eros and less strifegbut the intellectual world needs it just as much. A little more Eros would make conscious the unconscious harmony between dialectical dreamers of all kinds -- psychoanalysts, political idealists, mystics, poets, philosophers -- and abate the sterile and ignorant polemics. Since the ignorance seems to be mostly a matter of self-ignornace, a little more psychoanalytical consciousness on all sides lincluding the psychoanalystsl might help -- a little more self-knowledge humility, humanity, and Eros. We may therefore conclude with the concluding words of Freud's Civilization and Its Discontents: lVlen have brought their powers of subduing the forces of nature to such a pitch that by using them they could now very easily exterminate one another to the last man. They know this -- hence arises a great part of their current unrest, their dejection, their mood of apprehension. A And now it may be expected that the other of the two heavenly forces, eternal Eros, will put forth his strength so as to maintain himself alongside of his equally immortal adversary. And perhaps our children will live to live a full life, and so see what Freud could not see -- in the old adversary, a friend. NORMAN O' BROWN' The Ressurection of the Body l H2111 I Why Modems: MAN FACES A Self- ExTiNcTioN: I ObSERVATi0NS 81 Deliqhrs b Y HAVEN O'MoRe I One particular why cannot be assigned to modern manls dilemma. His situation is too complex. There are no easy solutions at hand but man, of all creatures in the universe, has inherent flexibility of will: he can move up or down, destroy himself or free himself. Man is not fixed, he can change. More than any time before recorded, it behooves us, we must, examine our position and learn...By the bitterness and fear we experience we know we have strayed. So bitter is it, that scarcely more is death. Let us search this wild, and rough, and stubborn wood to gain some idea, if we can, where we are. None but ourselves can say where we are going... 2 Most critcally for himself, modern man thinks his humanity stops with man. He has a whole movement of which he boasts-humanism. It limits man to man. It posits human reason as its highest god, and considers its goal and final end to be reason applied to manls scientific and social problems fentirelyconcocted by misusing re21SOHl- HUm21HiSfS are activistsg they reject the utility of what is not. The Tao Te Ching gives us a proper perspective on humanism: The Sages fthe liberated men, the self-overcome Onesj are not human: they treat the people like sacrificial straw dogs...When the Tao declines , there is 'humanity and justicef The modern mentality has never understood that man limited to man, and man limited to human reason is at best the most miserable, diseased, lonely creature in the universe. Man is part of a universal hierarchy or he is nothingg by himself he has no real existence. Humanism and its derivatiVCS-the sterility of modern organized religion, scientism, and violent political activity, to mention only three of many-- are no new movements. Man has always flared out, vaunted himself up, and told himself, I stand supreme in the universe. Look around. What do you see more glorious than man? I, man, I'm Itll' Earlier, William Blake spoke of his mentality, Denying in private: mocking God 8a Eternal Life: 8a in Public Collusion, calling themselves Deists, Worshipping the Maternal Humanity, calling it Nature and Natural Religion. Just as he cuts himself off from all that is universal modern man denies what stands above reason and supports it - Intellect. All that links man with Being proceeds from Intellect, the universal and supra-individual faculty which Aristotle says finds its fulfillment in being aware of the lntelligiblen and is identical with knowledge its intelligible object. Modern man has gone so far as to imagine reason exactly synonymous with Intellect: he has mindlessly thinks and writes reason and Intellect meaning for the one the other, he, within this limitation Cwhen he is feeling especially inflatedj, even calls himself an intellectual Translation: one stuck and struggling in the web of reason alone. Now reason differs from Intellect as multitude from unity, writes Aquinas. It is therefore evident that the rational consideration finds its termination in the intellectual by way of resolution, inasmuch as from many things the reason gathers the one and simple truth. And again, inteperception ldirect seeing itself without any reason or sense interference whatsoeverj is the principle of the rational by way of composition and discovery, inasmuch as Intellect grasps many things in one. Therefore that perception which is the terminus of all human ratiocination is above all the intellectual fOur emphasisj Simplicius in his commentary on Aristotle's Physics remarks that H310 used to say that the 'Ideas fthe really real thingsj are known by Intellect , but that matter is 'credible only to bastard reasoning' Imagine for yourself: how long does a fish live out of water? So long, comparatively speaking,as man cut off from intellect, the river of his life which carries him to his final resting place and unity inthe Universal Sea. 3 Consider the beginning to avoid the conflict sure to rage without fore thought. For from the first seed planted the earth pours in strict accordance with heaven 's laws her plenty. Not martydom to a cause but willingly. She knows that power descends on one who holds firm, otherwise all would end before the drama unfolds. A flower knows the same to judge by its practiceg our eyes peer ahead to see the Hnal growth as a vine climbing up the wall finds holds and thus stays in place fulfilling its nature in the pure' sunshine that provides its energy. Only man misses, plays with his fate in the active forces around him neither looking for nor seeing the eternal paradigm. 4 Modern man's major crisis, himself, is rooted in ignoring his past. He thinks he examines his past. What today has more general interest than that study going by the name of history? Books on history abound, in large bookstores the history sections are perhaps the best stocked. This is a sign of our times. For history properly is a knowledge obtained without proof , a surveying and gathering of certain thematically similar phenomena--either by direct observation Cas earlier in astronomy, for examplel or through research entirely based on written sources, laboratory techniques, and discovered objects Cas in modern studies on ancient historyl. Aristotle points out that If nothing which pertains to history is omitted of what is truly present with things, we shall be furnished with the means about every thing of which there is demonstration Cproofj, of discovering and demonstrating this, and we shall be able to make that apparent, which is naturally incapable of being demonstratedf' We forget the levels of knowledge involved in such a statement when we assume historical demonstration, knowing nothing about the true nature of proof the modern mentality demands proof where none of the type it demands is possible or admissible and elsewhere, as in its reading of history generally, accepts as proved', an order possessing only informative qualities at best. Keenly aware of the foolishness too great concern with history and historical thinking leads men to, Paul Valery tells the amusing story of Messrs. NO and TI, both worthy intellectuals They had many books but prized none except their own works with one exception--Thesaurus ofthe Works and Treatises on Wisdom whose Titles alone have come down to us. Naturally, it was a small volume. Valery uquotesl' several titles from itg three of them particularly illuminate the subject of history. A complete List of useless expressions and the true method of employing them to the exclusion of all others. History as viewed from Heaven, with each event accompained by a host of others that could just as well have taken place. 4'The Metamorphosis of Nothingnessf' In concluding Valery writes that Messrs. NO and TI ofter lamented the loss of all these precious books. And they decided to write in concert a great work, on the understanding that one of them was to think and say nothing and the other was to write, and think nothing. Later, more about nothing, but not all in this sense. Each man carries his own past within himself--from the beginning. Man's real history tif it can be called thatl is at each moment his present. Neither understanding his past or his present he feels about his future. Nothing at all is wrong with being amused and entertained by historical studies, but modern man doesn't stop here, for he thinks to gain what he calls self-identity? Pursuing his past he thinks to find his present. He fails to realize that he seldom if ever gets at the real factsH of history. He gets the historians' shaping of these facts. Reasons and opinions concerning acts, are not history. Actsthemselves alone are history...Tell me the Acts, O historian, and leave me to reasonon them as I please, away with your reasoning and your rubbish. All that is not action is not worth reading. Tell me the What, I do not want you to tell me the Why and the How, I can find that out myself, as well as you can, and I will not be fooled by you into opinions, that you please to impose, to disbelieve what you think improbable or impossible. His opinions, who does not see spiritual agency, is not worth any man's readingg he who rejects a fact because it is mis improbable, must reject all History and retain doubts only. Blake wrote these words early in the 19th century, they apply even more to our time with its gross proliferations. His wrong perspective on history incites modern man to ceaselessing negative political activity and intense forms of nationalism. Fooled by his past he misjudges his present. He thinks harsh training breaks the horses. It does. Afterwards the horses aren't fit to ride. The modern world began much earlier than the dates usually assigned to it by historians embracing the Italian Renaissance. There is not exact agreement as to when it began, but there is a record. Thought is Act, says Blake. Christs Acts were Nothing to Caesars if this is not so. This record, thought, is within ourselves. More correctly, we are in Thought. Those of us who have the wit and discipline can test it. Search for the teacher, if there is not witg without will though, even the teacher can't help. 5 What's really the problem with history? This: as it exists it falsifies the present. One is hardpressed today to find a modern man who thinks he is doing anything important or else otherwise, who isn't walking a historical and therefore false tightrope. History will justify it, we hear on all sides. Only history can bring it into focus. This stupidity has gone so far now that every U.S. President leaving office must have a library , make another data accumulation...for historians.', of course. One sees this beginning in the serious modern way with Francis Bacon. fBacon's contemporary and psychical brother, the supreme apostle of rationalsim Rene Descartes, reinforced Bacon's workg his mind and body dualism, the corollary of Bacon's experimentalism, perpetuates the errors of modern science for its ideas extend into every phase of the modern world and appear most strongly inpractice where they are deined most vehemently in theory. To name only the two most rationalistitc areas: physics and education. Rationalism, writes Rene Guenon, in all its forms is essentially defined by a belief in the supremacy of reason, proclaimed as a real 'dogma,, and implying the denial of everything that is of a supra-individual order, notably of pure intellectual intuition, and this carries with it logically the exclusion of all true metaphysical knowledge... J The same Bacon fried for tried to J Aristotle and Traditional doctrines and from his own overcooked and denatured works still feeds the modern mentality. No wonder it is ailing. Bacon, an Englishman, has the shopkeeper's mentality 3 he would tabulate, list, experiment. In his Novum Organum he urged compiling a Catalogue of Particular Histories'extending through one hundred and thirty titles--hardly a scratch on the modern surface. Why? So we can draw from grave and credible history and trust-worthy reports. Why? So the understanding can be expanded and opened till it can take in the image of the world as it is in fact, shaped by this kind of second Scripture - history. Why? So the human reace can recover its right over nature. Why? Only Bacon and apparently the modern nentality know the answer to'this last question, but if any thinking person during the last third of the 20th century believes that man must dominate Nature, he is truly blind to man's destructive excesses--toward both himself and the world. Man will never dominatenatureherself , for Nature is on an order in the universal scale superior to anything ordinary men fthe only ones who would be stupid enough to try to dominate herb can imagine. Of the works of Nature within our ken man is the most glorious: he has an intelligence illuminatedby Intellect and thus the potential to become more than man. In this sense nature gains with man, or there is no nature. And this too takes on the color of a historical problem--an inverse one Bacon would be proud of what he helped to beging and would wonder how we are faring with his words that to much method produces iterations and prolixity as well as none at allf' But we know...Poor Bacon, modern man that he was, was naive enough to think that a natural and experimental history would support a true and active' philosophy. Primary History,', or the Mother History he calls his version. A sick mother bears unhealthy children .... I Although he has read little of it, and understood less, Bacon considered the philosophy of Aristotle to be contentious and thorny? Bacon could not understand that Aristotle deals with the vertical-knowledge, that which has being and is perceived by Intellect in conjunction with reason-and not mere date and information so important to the scientific and business mentality, entirely a horizontal accumulation trapping us in a bottomless quagmire. Thrash and see for yourself. Without going too much further into the matter let Bacon's own words pinpoint an important aspect of one of the chief modern problems: they who shall hereafter take it upon them to write natural history should...seek out and gather together such store and variety of things as may suffice for the formation of true axioms. Interesting, very interesting, as if true axioms can be formed from random collections of data. Man intrinsically possesses all that is axiomatic or he could not exist as man. Bringing the axiom to light is a kind of true wisdom 3 if we were without this wisdom, all things would, from the outset, have no existence in themselves, says Hui-neng, the Sixth Patriarch. Aristotle's work shows the axiom to be principle to any kind of learning. He defines the axiom as that which one who intends to learn anything must necessarily possess. This could be all rubbish like so much of modern writing were it not possible to test itg methods exist whereby one can find out these things, and more, for O1'1GSClf One does not have to depend on Aristotle or any written source however venerable. The test is in the eating and the digestion! And Bacon thought the end rules the methodf' Will modern man completely destroy himself before he realizes the reverse is true when it is founded on correct principles derived from Intellect not mere information apewed from 'fbastard reasoningf, Man always experiences difficulty at the beginning of any endeavor: is not his birth one of pain and sorrow endlessly complicated by his running from the fact? Will man never consolidate? Rain beats his house down, the clouds shift and change ever forming new images reflected in water. Flowers grow from the damp earth, birds range through the sky in full freedom. Here a potter turns his wheel spinning the clay into the form he seeks in the practice of his art,' all confusion follows the hesitating hand. Order in the storm, shaping the cloudsg lightning, fire and consolidation. In the ceaseless urge to break out the ignorant deed becomes the chain forged by the enslaving creed. 7 Nietzche, fascinating because he got so many things wrong but said them excellently. This reflects one of the primary traits of modern man: reaching some right conclusions but for the wrong reasons, or misusing reason and attempting to elevate it ot the status of Intellect. Nietzche paralogizes, deduces certain apparently true conclusions from false principles. Again, this a matter of degreeg the True itself, always an absolute and never a relative in any respect, cannot come about in conjunction with an erroneous principle. Good only appears to come from false reasoning or, we might add, wrong actions. Nietzche's work is an epitome of modern Western thought: beautifully structured to all appearances and based at best on reason while entirely confused and wobbly about its ground, Intellect. People think that just because two thinkers use the same words they mean the same things-an amusing but dangerous one-dimensional fantasy. Ignorant of cause, people disregard effects. Confused about sense, people are doubly confused about common sense: indivisible, it distinguishes what it is in which contraries, and things of an heterogeneous nature, differ from each other. Nietzsche speaks this confusion. He took his understanding of Greek thought second-hand fin spite of or maybe because of the fact that he was a trained philogist like every m0dCTI1 who comes at the Greeks from the wrong angle, the Roman or Latin point of view. Nietzsche certainly would be the first to claim otherwise...Let him, or his would-be defenders. Nietzsche didn't labor fruitlessly. He and his not-as-clever 20th century continuators have a real value: they force one to rethink, correctly. A law: When the worm bores, other apples prosper. Consider. Another source, because of its Traditional point of view and its attention and fidelity to the great Greek commentators who have been to the man almost totally ignored, or worse, misrepresented by scholars down to the present day in the Latin- influenced West fthe exceptions to this could be counted on the fingers of one handl, rectifies and correct the degeneration from Greek thought and Tradition itself demoniacally expressed in a majority voice in Neitzche 's work--the Arabic falasifah, most purely transmitted by the Eastern school whose outstanding member is the Muslim Sage Ibn Sina. Thinkers using Arabic were spared Latin mistranslations and interpretations of Greek-formulated intellectual doctrines, and thus spare us. fPerhaps the single strongest exception to this widespread feven the earliest timesl Latin impulse would have been Boethius had he lived to carry out his plan of literally translating all of Plato and Aristotle into Latin and writing commentaries to show their continuity with Tradition and the essential unity of their doctrines. This work has to wait thirteen centuries, or until the l9th century, before it was undertaken and completed in a pure traditional spirit by one inspired man- Thomas Taylor, whose effort must be measured by the grandeur of his achievement rather than by the results of its effect. Boethiusis work would undoubtedly have had an immense impact, and all for the better to judge only from what he did complete, on the whole course of Western civilization. Each great thinker presents a prime example of the single individualls importance- when his life and work is grounded in Intellect. For then one is no longer mere individual...J And on this count alone, not to speak of other merits in the magnificent Islamic intellectual tradition, reward careful study. One further irony on the reading of history. Heidegger, who has written two volumes and more on Nietzsche, and who should know what he is talking about on this subject, has made a distinguished career of talking about nothing. Pardon, talking about nothing. Heidegger has it that metaphysics fconsidered as an interpretation of beings in their beingnesswb had its historical beginning in the West with Plato and Aristotle, he sees that metaphysics became nihilistic with an obscuration of Being itself, an event which is not the work of men but the history and fate CGeschickJ of Being itself, and lost its meaning culminating in Neitzsche, with him as witness. As if Being itself, standing outside and supporting time, would have a history or a fate! THe nub of the matter is that for Heidegger all methphysics is a nihilismf' How do we overcome such nihilism? By passing beyond metaphysics in order to meditate the Being-process itself. MeditateNot really. Heidegger says, We are not to do anything, we have to waitf' Heidegger has proved to the satisfaction of many philosophers, some of whom have also made distinguisehd careers fro themselves by convincing others that Heidegger has been talking about nothing have indeed themselves talked about nothing, that Aristotle and Traditioanl thinkers also talk about nothing. This could be very amusing and great fun for all if it were not serious. 5. The conclusion, put simply, is this: too many people who should be able to read Traditional writers and take from their work principles which have multiple application in the modern world are hung up. Aristotle, for example, wrote to correct theparalogizing tendency in human thought, each century since has seen an accumulation of error based on this kind of false thinking. Men have always thought their judgement , discernment, and wisdom abundant--and never in greater measure than today. Consider Herakleitos' word: Although it is the Logos which is the supra-individual Ground from which all things arise, the many live in such a way as if they had each his own self-originated plan of action. fNote that for Herakleitos writing ancient Greek logosmeant Aion, the Eternal, the formula of all things, it should not be confused with New Testament Greek, logos of centuries later translated as verbum, Word, by Christians. Moreover, ancient Greek logoshas many additional meanings that occur in later writers' works. We translate Herakleitos' technical term xunos by Huniversall' or common' etc.-as meaningless to the reader in this context as it would have been to Herakleitosj Heidegger, Nietzsche, and others of their persuasion who are less interesting and important seek to spoil the milk by trying to poising the cow...Their disciples urge us to drink the milk: become their adversaries and find our answer! Aristotle must finally be recognized for what he is, classicists and philogists posing as thinkers have worked him over too long. For one thing, Aristotle remains one of the best Zen men ever, and certainly one of the best in the Western perspective. Too many men have spent too long explaining what Zen is land isn'tJ for more words to be used on this here. We are frozen in sensation. w have forgotten, in Aristotle's words, that Mlife is defined in the case of animals by the power of sensation, and in the case of man by the power of sensation and intellectionf' iLife, get this word.J For man this means universal knowledge fnoeinj as a product of Intelltnousj, not more sense data or even parapsychological evidence', confused by modern investigators with a higher order. Moral: for too long men have been served straw and told it is nourishing. Man must eat, even modern man. He must regain his discrimination--learn to know what food nourishes and brings life, and what food takes away from life and brings disease and death. tln this connection see our 'SA Model of Man's Nutritional-Food Structure 8i notes in Big Rock Candy Mountain: Resources for Our Education Delaconte Press, New yrk, 1972, pp. 166-169. The extension dimensions of the MODEL and likewise the two identical internal configurations were intended to conform to the formula P x2+v2 z P . + ,.1 :I A B where p is over 2--however inexactly represented in this first published version. p 2 expresses the formula of the ellipsoid, familiar to all the chicken egg. What something of this means can be approached by reflecting on Plate 33 in Ajit Mookerjee's Tantra Arr: its Philosophy dt Physics rvi kmar, New York, 1966. And see the end of section 10 below...J Modern Man no longer distinguishes up from down supposing each to be the same thing. In the age of synthetic food everything becomes synthetic , inorganic, and the living breaks down...Our time, the ageof Cancer, shall we call it? Where can modern man find food, living, organic, healthy food? In Truth. Where is this to be found? Chew on the words from Hui-neng, and after digesting them try to ask the same question. Try... lf you yourself would gain the true, Separate from the false, there the mind is true. If the mind itself does not separate from the false, There is no True. What place is there for it to be? 8 Assignment. Characterize the modern world in one word,l'lard? Try it anyway. Painful,gross,cruel,evil,ugly,beautiful polluted...Many,many more words could apply. If the list were extended far enough an interesting balance would surely develop: even the modern world is not all evil, if at all, however shrill we sometimes become in denouncing it. Confused. This is the word, no other single word fits so well. What characteristic of man's nature can we point out as most contributory to the reigning confusion? Did confusion begin spasmodically in the past? Does it only rear its ugly head here and there as one observes and reads and meditates? We read in Genesis of Babel. Mere myth, of course, as every well-read and intelligent modern man knows. One wonders: how many generations were there between the Fall and Babel? Genesis covers this twhat must have been great?J extent of time in eleven chapters. But really, was there any time as we reckon time?...Isn't Babel now if it ever was? Look around... fQabala, meaning that which is received, shows us that Genesis is a rich text of Traditional Science--every letter-number of the Hebrew words a coded formula expressing universal and particular energy differentiations. linergy intereactions are now Calwaysl and everywhere. History and myth as the modern mentality interprets it does not apply to these things any more than to relativity equations. Theological diffusions have overlaid the purity of Genesis too long. It and other such texts are not to entertain intellectuals, bequile dull adults, and mislead children unfortuante enough to come within the sphere of certain influences. Why are such texts, then? To see what is. From this every why is answered, lacking it the question cannot be askedj. 9 Youth answers the call to life, seeks the mountain for a test of strength and endurance. No abyss seems to open underfootg water from the fountain of youth springs in the blood: youth hears no hiss- the serpant swims in deam, in the short night before day kissed with sleep. Sunlight always glows with intensity just before sinking in the rock, plight of folly mistaking the concrete for such shadowy shows flickering on the walls and unrecognized. What manner speaks most loudly in these affairs? What now brings good fortune, What brings success? What banner will youth fly? These questions put it sharp, He sings best who spares himselffor the long, hot race run in sand as well as up the cliff's deadly face. 10 Form his reading of history modern man has come to stake his present and future on his false faith and belief in a so-called evolutionary process. Many men today are outraged when evolutionary concepts are pointed up for what they are--a form of uscientificl' religion actually having nothing to do with real science in any manner. Evolutionary thinking gives rise to progress reasoning: all that is of value unfolding, coming, always later. This thinking attempts to reduce the cosmos and the Universal Being in which the cosmos is grounded to the form of a linear equation, if one can even speak this kindly of it. Modern man thinks the best is yet to come. He looks for miracles. He doesn't have the vision to realize he is the miracle, his mere existence, or for that matter, the existence of anything constitutes a wonder except to the blind. How wondrously supernatural! And how miraculous this! I draw water, I carry wood! If man wants perfection let him look without and experience within, or look within and experience without. The Kingdom CBoth!and simultaneously. Proklos states it in the formula: Thus all intellectual forms both subsist unitedly in each other and at the same instant distinctly separate. J is within you and it is without you? Everything is what man is himself. One must become identified with Nothingness and mirror the whole, for the truth is one and final, says Hseih Ling-yun. But Nothingness used as a technical term to approximate a principle of metaphysic should not be confused with philosophical nihilism discussed above. Metaphysic tnot metaphysics, strictly a philosophical nomenl participates in Intellect and when it is expressed derives its authority entirely from such intellectuavisiong but metaphysics as philosophically understood formulates reasons based on reason to satisfy reason about reason's constructs which in turn lead to more reasons, again with the expressed purpose of taking reason out of its cul-de-sac...fReason alone functions incapably of determining truth about anything: the function of reason is mistake. Now mistake is characterized by non-discrimination, total attachment of its object-functioning state. Thus reason always makes an 'tobject' of its functioning. The irration, certain aspects of reason denying Intellect, becomes the reasonable for the modern mentality and constructs a logic which view everything reasonably Reason's logic--the dog in pain biting at its hind leg. The modern mentality cannot understand that the real function of logic is to properly link reason with Intellect and to precisely uncover the laws revealing such a structure so that by strict adherence to these laws reason remains reason never overflowing its boundaries and being neither one whit more nor less that what it is. Aristotle 's Organon in the Occident and the darsana-s organized through the Samkhya-Nyaya-Sutra in the Orient provide a logic to show this with extraordinary fidelity. tSee Dant, Paradiso, XXVI. 25-45, and again refer to the discussion in section 2 above.J Only a scientific logic, one deriving the principles of its reasoning from Intellect, has authenticity, only this harmonizes the sensible, rational, and intellectua in living dynamic relationships perfectly according with what-is, Here is both the termination and the beginning of the ancient but at this very instant continuing search after ousia-- what being is, is an inquiry what essence is, ti to on, touto esti, tis e ousiafll Nothingness, Chinese wu, corresponds to Sanskrit asat, sometines understood as Non-being-at handogya Upanishad 6.2.1.,for example. Commenting on wu Hsieh says, The state of mirror-like voidnesstof Nirvanal is abstruse and mysterioustbut only to reason, not to Intellect which admits of no mystery or doubtl and does not admit of any stages tfor its attainmentjf' The modern CIUHCSC thinker Fund Yu-lan adds: What is called wu represents this highest stage--a state which if it is to be achieved at all, can be achieved only in toto, and not in a gradual and piecemeal fashion. Of course only matter and its derivatives, material things, are bounded by composition and place and timeg a condition or state not so limited--more precisely, unlimited--either is participated in entirely or not at all. The point is that man has already achieved Itg denying It tindependent of any technical term we use to point as Itl constitutes man's problem. All of Traditional Science aims at leading man to realize Nothingness in this sense, and as it has been said in another context, if man did not fully possess It he could not search for It. NOr as It a something that comes into being in any future state of reward as religious literalists, including most modern Christians in one way or another, whether fundamental or liberal, maintain in constradistinction to Traditional Science which bases itself on the Certainty born of Knowledge, not vague faith or hope Chowever theologically sophisticatedl characterized by sentiment. The 'burden of Plato's Meno is to provide the strongest possible demonstration of this, or at the least a pointer to It-for those who can see. This virtue, power, knowledge CGreek arete Chinese tel consists in that kind of knowledge and that kind of power, taken together, the potential of both whichis in the human soul lconsidered as a principle, not entityl , as she partakes of a divine Intellect, whose essence is its own object, and whose energy is the contemplation of itself, and the government of the universe. tTraditional Science knows the soul as a principle, not entity, and a principle more concrete Cas principles always are seen sub specie aeternitatisj than any entity thought of as such in the physical world. Physics demonstrates no entity-thing has concretion being in substances positive-negative charges, shadows in a sense ceaselessly moving. For anything to become manifest in .the first place a stable, concrete Energy must support it, not 'create it but bring it into manifestation, body-a-something-forth. She:Adon Yahhid is unique and has no second and the face of ONE, what are you'?,' asks the Sepher Yetzirah. ,. do you know? What are you worth? Here is not the place to go further into the nature of the soul,,' or the apparent conflicts within Traditional doctrine on the subject. Clear understanding traditionally presupposes immediately-perceived experience totally independent of sense-data limitations. We have worked it out symbolically tfor symbols are the calculus of Traditional doctrines J as it can only be so conveyed in our forthcoming book De Testimonio Animae. And on this note a word from Pascal: f'The letter kills, everything came to pass symbolically. The prophets showed that it must all be spiritual. J Asvaghosha sets up and demolishes man's existential pseudo-problem in one stroke: Because of not truly realizing oneness with Suchness Cas-It-is-nessj, there emerges an unelightened mind and, consequently, its thoughts. Ho! shouts one who understands this. Often miserable now modern man thinks by uevolvingl' to reach a higher stage. He surveys the solar system and congratualtes himself, he stands supreme, he thinks, but then in doubt he uses all means at his disposal to search for intelligent life. Unable to communicate more than superficially with himself and other men he runs terrified from his own silence, mistaking his non- intelligibility for non existence and fleeing into the maw of death priding himself on his conquest of Life. Again Sophocles '. aes echo in our ears, t'There is much that is strange, but nothing that surpasses man in strangenessf' Man creates the worldg it is not the world that creates man. Correction. Man creates both his world and the world. But can we separate the one from the other? They said to Him: When will the new world come? He said to therr What you expect has come but you know it not. Man must return to his Beginning, there he will find his End. Only through the divine can one hurry without haste and reach the goal without walkingf, And, one might add, without evolving or reincarnating here. First one finds perfection in himself, then he finds it in the world. Only an idiot seeks for perfection in things without seeing it in his own self. Whoever knows theAllbut fails Cto knowj himself lacks everything. As for the world, the world is what it is, samsara there is no 'evolutionf there is no beginning and there is no end. By 'goingl one does not reach the 'end of the World'. The world is no more perfect or less percect than it has ever been or will be. The Kingdom of the Father is spread upon the earth and men do not see it. Man is, his being is not a becoming in time in any fundamental or essential way, and certainly not an evolvement from a lower to a higher order of life as Darwin and company continuing into the 20th century anxiously try to establish on a scientific basis. Modern man stuffs himself on a sense- concocted, multi-media diet of garbage. When he crys helplessly in the night, Oh, my stomachll'--who listens? Aristotle provides some of the supreme intellectual texts tin the Traditional and timeless sensel to refute the tenets of evolutionary theory for those who have eyes to see and the ears to hear. He says in his Metaphysics: Seed tspermaj is from other perfect natures which have a prior subsistence. Nor is seed the first thing, but that which is perfectg just as some one may say that Man is prior to see, not indeed the man who is generated from seed, but another lMan, or the Universal Man according to Traditional Sciencel from immovable Essence fousiaaj, and which is separated from sensible faisthetonj things is evident... both to reason when it is understood tmediately-perceivedl and to Intellect when it is seen timmediately-perceivedl. Modern man will seek in vain for his beginning whether he examines throughout the history of sensibles or measures and divides however subtly with his instruments, at best never more than extensions of his limited and finite senses. No intellectual thinker has ever believed, or could believe, in evolution. Proklos express it from this point of view with dialectical precision: If the perpetuity which detains matter is always generated it is never being. Every thing, however, which is generated, is either always lperpetuallyl generated, or at a certain time. Hence, every thing which is generated, is never lreall being. Further, no really competent worker in biology believes any longer in evolution . Paul Lemoine, editor of Volume V of the lincyclopedieFrancaise on living organisms, writes in his summing up: This exposition shows that theory of evolution is impossible. In reality, despite flI7!9?0f'U11Cf'S, no one any longer believes in it. Evolution is a sort of dogma wlzose priests no longer believe in it, though they uphold it for the sake of their flock. What are the priests of evolution going to do when the flock catches on? Maybe they can come up with something sillier than evolution. Maybe?...Who can say what modern man may do for won't doj divorced as he 1S from Intellect. Hold on, says the modern mentality. 'tEvolution, all this bad? Surely you're laying it on too heavyfl Well then, let's try once more. Evolutionary theory denies the uniqueness of existence: it forces an artificial wedge into existence and thus directly or indirectly, intentionally or through ignorance fthe real root of the matterj brings about further fragmentation in the already badly damaged psyche of modern man. By denying that existence is unique evolutionists reject Universal Being: all that existence contains is but a manifestation, in multiple modes, of one and the same Principle. The ultimate consequences are to consign man to endless rounds of becoming , to 'fevolutionng from this thinking it is only a short step to the nonsense of superstition Cmodern man has the most myth bound and superstitious civilization possiblel and reincarnationist concepts now swamping us. The kind of false thinking stemming from evolutionary theory and its associated aberrations just mentioned, worst of all, inhibits and corrodes the natural desire in man for Deliverance--his highest end which is to be gained by Knowledge, and Knowledge only and not anything else however much it may parade as some one of its semblances. But why does modern man deny his most natural desire, his desire for perfect Freedom? A Traditional text, the Visuddhi Magga, in the clearest way possible answers this question. There are Gods and men who delight in becoming lie. in the phenomenological aspect of thingsl. When they are taught the Law for the cessation of become li.e. that which leads to perfect freedom, and is entirely nonphenomenological on any level whatsoeverl , their mind does no t respond. Viewed from this persepctive Aristotle's first words in the Metaphysics glow with new meaning: All men naturally desire to know tPlantes anthropoi tou eidenai oregontai phuseib. To Know: to directly apprehend First Principles. To achieve perfect Freedom-- that is what Traditionaltexts are talking about... Ask yourself now: which came first, the chicken or the egg? Science may waste its energies for some centuries yet, if such time is permitted, before even approaching an answer. But we Know the answer...don't we? ll And from Plato a text without comment. Here is what I scientifically conceive, in the clearest manner about the proposed subjects of discussion. What that is which is always being, but is without generation, and what this is which is generated indeed lor consists in becoming to bel, but is never freall being. The former of these, indeed is, comprehended by Intellect in conjunction with reason since it 'always subsists with invariable sameness. But the latter is perceived by opinion, in conjunction with irrational sense, since it is generated and corrupted, and never truly isf' 12 Waiting provides the test.'man spends his life in waiting for understanding. He looks for light, for guidance among the innumerable puzzles. Strife never endsg always another river to cross. This fight spent cheaply in eating and drinking, nursing the body. O this life's nourishment enough! Fish swim in the flowing streamsj in the sea swimming to what destination? Why must it finally come- this uncertainty like falling into a pit? To abstain from all action has its valuefbut in what medium?j to one who understands. We seek that clear pain in fear,but accept it like the uninvited guest who arrives at our table as a terrifying new test. I3 The single greatest tragedy man has so far committed against man in the 20th century: the rape of Tibet and its continuing desecration. Tibet was the last Traditional society, the last theocracy, the last civilized people to resist the ruinous influenced of technology and live in peace with itself and its neighbors, linked vertically with the multi-dimensional totality of the Universal. All men suffer knowingly and unknowingly from a single unjust act against the earth and any of its living things, but how much more do we suffer with these people and because of their enormous loss. Now we, the whole world, compound and perpetuate this by ignoring it, and leaving the desperate men, women, and children victims of the terror who fled from Tibet forgotten and rotting in an area of India even the Indians reject. No country would not profit immeasurably in the only way that counts by taking in these people and resettling them among its own, and creating conditions as far as this is possible for them to continue their former lives. But such an action would be against the Zeitgeist: scientists would have no informational exchanges to make, politicians would have no votes to gain, statesmen could point to no technological or peaceful progress , and businessmen--included with the former three, the lowest of the four orders of chief priests in the modern world--could make no money worthy of the effort of exploiting them, for they have nothing and are not yet, thankfully , fodder for the technological mills, in other words, they are untrained All this should seem very familiar to Americans. For six centuries European man has seen infecting with his diseases findividual, religious, social, politicall and squeezing the remaining life out of North and South American Indian culture. It has been left to archaeologists and anthropologists and workers in associated fields to convince modern man that the North and South American Indians even have C or hadl a culture. Unfortunately that is where it stopped--we are only convinced in a most superficial way and really do nothing about reversing the centuries-long trend. Our Overall treatment of Indian culture in the Continental United States and Eskimo culture in Alaska is barely, if that, surpassed by Chinese Communiststactics against the Tibetans. We have done, and continue to do our worst for bestl to make these wretched peoples even more miserable before we finally extinguish them altogether. Perhaps most disastrous for the culture concerned we first turn the people into our our pet apes by encouraging and catering to their worst appetites, a practice based on our normal appetites, we then perform the coup de grace on the individuals when we glorify them by integrating them into our culture, if we may so use this last word here. Once more in the business terminology so dear to the sentimental American heart, we train them, make them economically viable units to further our own aberrant passions for unnecessary material generation and comsumption. Since much present attention is focused on the American black man's problems, nothing further need be said about it at this point except ot mention it as another long-term example of forces unleashed by modern man and aimed at his own vital organs. Modern man screams t or, too ignornat to scream, laughsj and tries to escape from the all too real vision of his own death grin staring him in the face, as the Chinese Communists squeeze and destroy the Traditional Tibetan culture and we aid and abet them by our indifference and neglect of all these most precious things--the same since timeless whether in our own North American and Eskimo cultures, we all draw nearer to the self-extinction we would flee from. For what resists extinction more than a life form? Poke at any insect. Go ahead, poke at man...at yourself! I4 Disregarding and ignoring the knowledge to be gained from Traditional Science about the multiple states of being, modern man has false ideas and applies false tests to determine what is or is not truly a science. With the new tool of his own creation, modern science, man fools himself g he avoids a clear examination by Intellect into the most fundmental principle of the human psyche--essential knowledge can never be found in phenomenological things. Instead, the kind of endless examination and experimentation based on reason or perhaps a lower mentation necessary to modern science and considered its ultimate test of veracity, is actually no more than a mere rearrangement of data which leads at best to an information explosion. Witness today... Modern man says, How can these fruits of our sciences be disregarded? Look what it has done for us. Look how more men live better than ever before. Look how it works! It does work, that it doesn't is not the point, and could not be the substance of argument in an analysis. Whether something works or does not work on a most superficial level, or merely one of an indefinite number of levels each lower or higher in an universal order, can never be a valid or the final test of any act, intellectual effort, or science. Man shares being with the Infinite, Traditional Science stresses this in its laying bare of universal principles which show in their sweep and grandeur the total order. The world of the visible, matter, is subordinated to its proper place when correctly understood. Not a grain of sand, not a speck of dust, not any microbiological organism, indeed not any higher being in the universal structure land non-structure, alsol but does not have its relationship to all others. All areg all can be seen, strain and look! Traditional Sceince recognizes that nothing is known essentially except as it exists in consciousness, everything else is supposition? It would be no exaggeration to say that this is the supreme principle of Traditional Sceince, and modern man has exactly turned it around in a scheme calculated to lead to his self-extinction. Entirely lacking discrimination modern man takes an image of the fire for Fire, or vice versa. Wisdom fsophiaj is one thing: to be skilled in true judgment, how all things are steered through all. Suppositions are dangerous when dealing with real situations--as Don Quixote found out to our amusement, and his discomfort. Opinion is not the same as knowledge it seems hardly worthwhile but is, to say. There is really no conflict. Intellect stands as the Principle and Ground of any Science, Traditional or modern. But Traditional Sceince is unthinkable without this Principle and Ground always central so that any consideration begins and develops and returns to it never losing the thread of its enerygg modern science on the contrary largely functions to obscure rather than make transparent the energy of its source, and rather than matters of its speculation becoming more apparent the further this science attempts to penetrate, they become more concealed and confused. The desideratum for the remainder of the 20th century: an examination by the light of Intellect into the ground out of which modern science, and its primary product, modern civilization is growing. A corrective must be applied, but an inward, a consciousone. We drown in externals. On all sides indefinite opinion passes for knowledge, but Knowledge itself comes from the Intellect and only becomes our when we use it. The trust of forces leading to our self- destruction, these incoherent powers and principalities nourished by reason alone counsel us to accept supposition Czsuppos-ingl for knowledge Czknow-ingl. We wage war, we battle, Uwe wrestle not against flesh and blood, but... 15 Life turns, reveals itself to all, all experiencing it on whatever plane as a battle not pitched for a day only but in the bloodstreamg roaring, it peels the nerves. Each, a multitude of one, pitted against his own bone--the army in which perseverance means discipline organized for the right action. Without it ruin,' no course without this balance leads to the success we seek. If we saw a fraction of the carnage would we continue persistent? who could fbeing in command lover turn the cart and spill the corpses in the mud? Pitch the tent, let the army retreat withing without we now part. From the strange spector surrounding us a cloud lifts and shows a clear view.'blood, fools, the proud. 16 Modern man desperately hunts down happiness but it evades him like quicksilver does a child. Where is it, he wonders, or it is all merely talk? Where, indeed? He mounts expeditions to the stars and dreams of going beyond, to fmt it he develops sophisiticated techniques the calls them thisll that remind one of the crew hunting for the Snark: They sought it with thimbles, they sought it with care, They pursued it with forks and hope, They threatened its life with a railway-share, They charmed it with smiles and soap. And needless to say modern man stands to find the happiness of his search as the crew did the Snark: He had softly andsuddenly vanished away- For the Snark was a Boojum , you see. Yes, a Boojum, you seef' A man who is really happy has nothing to be happy aboutg he has nothing to hunt for. Happiness related directly to one's state of being, to a proper relationship, to... with hesitation the word is used today, to virtue, actually the source in man of that power which controls chance, ordinarily the visible cause of his misfortune. He who has Virtue, controls the tally, he who has no Virtue, controls the levying. Happiness in its highest form is another name for the Good, that which all beings most desire. It has no connection with any external or material thing. But these things give one the reason to be happy: Happiness increases as one frees himself from them. It has been truly said that the richest man has nothing, having nothing he appreciates anything. This brings us to the relation between Non-being and Being. Permit the voice that speaks as La0-tzu to say next to the last word. What they have in common is called the Mystery, the Mystery of Mysteries, the Gate of all Wonders. What Mystery, what Gate, what Wonders? Who asks this question or, Who am I? ls the final Wonder not...Man who asks, Who?... 17 Holding together brings final and complete union. the kingdom depends on deep affection between the king and the lords: tlzus the necessary union comes. Water lies on the earth, a rich sheen spread for the eye. The crane flies down to drink on her long journey across the land. The sun plays on her great wings in a crown of light as she dips into the water turning and without plan, She follows her nature from herself devoid of conflict. Can we have such sitnple goals goals to hold like a full earthen bowl: to ourself true, steady, the ruler always of our temple? Now the crane has a last drink before her fligh I, and as we watch climbs away from our sight. H4 VSV 077019 5' 1 , , 77fe,v camem 72456.-Afl2 ouHe:fx1 HE sfff-au. Have PUTJOUUM ALL RULE HND ALL H077-IOIZVWHND POLQEILMEREAMARCHY IS LOOSED U Pom 'THE UOORLD. I CORIMYHIAQS xuzsf. . . , . i . mf. -41-is-',,2., : :-,. -' Lg, ,Q -1 ,A E J ' ', ng, ' Q. If - .'f',g.' - . ic, x ' ,, '1.af-ya,-21-ifgfifv. 5 ' Tr .' '. H. -A ' I:.':l'2f': wah. I AV.: l 3, , ,-3, 4 1... V v-Q--.,-9.1.4 Ng--Q-s1f:.5V-X ,jg v,ff3.1,f:u . ,-Q.-,' .9 ,rg 111115 ' 2:S.1fg,Ff'f: , . 1-if Q-.C 17'-. , 'Q f iz - 1 ' 'lf if , -rfb'fi,-fJJ':Q: f.'4I5'3i T' K - . -1.51:-1'--.-mu .f-rr '1- ff 1.-' ,A ,, ,'f,:,,,i.:fg2'Ei.'-rf-,f,qfi1,i5f y f by ' if-T ': -5. 21 + zff+mQ1:: x 'rfifg 'QQ -' - l- q??',-'E-Eftivyifi1 i g' . , .., -L.: gru. .. .,.j-w'TiF'3i'- , ,LFE . , .f ff . , f-,W ,..--- ' 3-1113- - J 'tgui lf'-11 P.: 3.':a1i,?'P: nw' Jsiqin .s,.'3i5,.2 -:.jL5G'sf5- -' 1 Q'?4?i45f'xf -U55 , ,Iris 2 ' 150,12 i...'Y'! 5-.1rg'f?f1Z1L-2'?H,, Q'f ' ' :ff J E2 ,l':Q'g'j,N Q--jfmw, . . 1' wil f.f3f5Q' ' 4.-if Q- ,Lrg . V -xv 65:1 .-1.21 FI: 'f:'-mimi 5gQQ:5f5ff,EiX- . rg.L,g1-,,.j '.,',5.2z.w-,5.5f1W,, : f f -.Qf,T m'1g . -K vw? -' . ., ,... , ,. gifs'1-j'f's,-2Q'i2:??'- -,M .....,. . W., -K 1 .712 fvld 1 I I 1 w - fufi if. if F' eff f' 1 THEGREY I5 NEITHER COLOREQ NORDQRIQNOR UG-H'lfflAS 5 I5 ENWRELY FREE FROM ANY STNYNULU3 OKT9SYCH0L06lO54LTfNDEINSCAC 1T15 MEJUZAL, NEITHER SOBTEQT Nozqolsirf-:c15 NEI 'l7'lER 1NN5rq NoRourEnz,N51171ER'17fNs1oN mra RELAXATTOM Grqgy ISNOT AN occQP'ED TERNTQRY BMA BORDER. A BORDER HS A MO f MAN S LAND AS ADEJYUU TERIZED ZONE A REG-ION OF 5EPAl2A'I7oU PIQVIDING A PARTMQN BETUQEEN COMUZQSWNG AREAS GREY I5 A BERUN wf-mn AN IRON cuR1'A4N ON EITHER moe orwnzcq I5 A DIFFERENT APPRQAQH GREY NANTS. TD UUALL CUERYTHING OFF TO REMAIN UNCOM WNTFED HND UMIUOLUE13 so THAT HE QQN SHIELD HIMSELF FROM ANY oUTsfnE INFLUENCE ofi 517 Muws HE IS UNUILUMG-'VCTAKE DBQUNGA fNzTH uuHAT HEmuST MECHANIQALLYAND ARUFIOALLY EVEN WHEN HPPARENTLY PHKHCIPATTNG-T0 THC FQUN GREY U5 REALLY ONLY PAPQI1 QPATTNG- BY REMQTE CONTROL AS ITOLIERE HE STANDS HSIDE AND NATU-IES HIIYNSELF so 171Rouc'fH 'ITIE MOWONS 13vT HE DOES NOT Rl-JALLYALLQN HIIVIBELF T0 BECOME INVOLUETD I . I ,Il I - I - PAIZTANDINSMLATES HIMBELT FROM DJRECF PAR11 CIPFTUON BY g.Qi..1.'.. - I Awww lan-wan . ::::.'............ fil l fUnavoidably, all languages and other sign systems preclude .metaphysical premises. Roland Barthes repeatedly asserts that signs remain open and by necessity unverifiable. So it seems that every social institution, from religion to traffic regulations, operates as a communication mode with no more authority that the rules of speech. What gives such institutions their power over our lives is their consistency. Whatever is done' within 'a semiotic system is always structurally consistent with what has gone before . The pattern of concepts is recognizable because it proceeds with reference to its own past. It is this repetition abetted by a proscribedorder that defines manls connection to and separation from nature. Obviously the major semiotic traditions -- religion, philosophy, art, and architecture -- no longer serve to integrate society with the natural order. Art is irrevocably divorced from present technology, or for that matter from all essential intellectual activity. The art impulse, as we have seen, is virtually a parody of its former self. And doubtless it is the domination of patriarchal institutions that accounts for the overall rejection of art as an economic luxury and unnecessary metaphysical baggage. On the other hand, it is the artistls and art historianls ability to understand the nature of art that prevents them from projecting art into all aspects of life, as an apprach to living. Thus the dehumanizing effects of technology continue with no adequate answer as to why they are so consistently lethal. We refuse to accept the reality that technologies preclude the use of myth and ritual just as art now does. However, the difference is that scientific tools only allow us to C'ZllILlI'aIiZ6 the flaftlral, never the reverse. Very conceivably biological survival depends upon naturalization of the cultural as well. Yet it is acutely apparent that few if any of our social agencies have the capacity to incorporate both procedures into their structures. There was a time, even prior to the Renaissance, when art and science were compatible. One great example of such ecumenical art is described in detail by Gerald S.Hawkins in his book Stonehenge Decoded. In this instance the word art is used deliberately to define what it is for people who build and experience universalizing institutions, and not to denote sites or objects of high archeological or museological interest. In the 1950 sa Hawkins, a professor of astronomy, began to explore the Stonehenge site located near Amesbury in southern England. For hundreds of years Stonehenge was believed to be Druid temple. But Hawkins' investigations during the early 1960's and his papers Stonehenge Decodedi' Cappearing in Nature, October 26, l963j and Stonehenge Neolithic Computeri' Cappearing in Nature, June 27, 19645 proved rather conclusively that the site is a 3,500-year-old astronomical observatory. In plan Stonehenge consists of six concentric configurations the outer two are circles of holes'?the next, being the most regular and obvious, is the columns and lintels of the sarsen circle?within this is the much smaller bluestone circle? and in the center are the five giant trilithons and bluestone horseshoes. The two horseshoes line up with a point on the horizon where the midsummer sunrise occurs. The larger stones weigh from 20 to 50 tons apiece'?consequently one of the most fascinating aspects of Stonehenge is the speculation of how a portion of these monoliths were transported three hundred miles ot their final destination. Some obvious alignments impelled Hawkins to believe that there might be further sun-moon alignments between the archways of the sarsen circle and the trilithons. Even with many of the original monoliths lost or misplaced in reconstruction, the astronomer descovered that there are at least twelve significant alignments each for the sun and the moon, defined by the minima and maxima declinations of these celestial bodies. Subsequently, Hawkins proposed a theory that the holes surrounding the sarsen circle, with the aid of marking stones, were used as a computer to predict years of eclipse or seasons when the moon is visible through various apertures of sight. Notably, all of Hawkins. discoveries were vastly facilitated by a high-speed digital computer. Still and all, this brief description does not begin to impart the remarkable intellectual skill involved in the planning of this edifice. Maneuvering thrity-ton monoliths, the artis-scientists of Stonehenge lined up axes of sight for dozens of celestial positions, without the use of modern surveying instruments or engineering equipment. The entire project spanned four or five hundred years, ending around 1500 B.C. Yet what did it mean?This is Hawkinsl opinion: . The Stonehenge sun-moon alignments were created and elaborated for two, possibly three, reasons: they made a calendar, particularly useful to tell the time for plantirzg cropsg they helped to create and maintian priestly power, by enabling the priest to call out the multiude to see tlze spectacular risings and settings ofthe sun ana' moon, most especially the midsummer sunrise over the heel stone and midwinter sunset through the great trilithon, and possibly tlzey served as an intellectual game I Hawkins, p. 11 71. Strangely, the astronomer's references also echo Duchamp's subtitle for The Bride Stripped Bare by ller Bavlzelors, hven, in which he called the Glass an Agricultural machine or Apparatus, instrument for fZlI'lllll'1g.HD1t.l Duchamp have some inclination of art's prehistoric purposes tits use in farming, hunting, and lawmakingl, or was he simply a priest with the power to end the priesthood'?Stonehenge was nevertheless far more vital than the Glass Bead Game. Notably this ancient English calendar involved the labor of thousands of people over several centuries. In mediating cultural and natural elements Stonehenge assumes all the prerequisites of a work of art. If an artist were to design a monumental work embodying the greatest possible union beyween man's postion on Earth and the cyclical events of the chief celestial bodies, the bvious choice would be some variation of this edifice. We have seen that the language of relationships within the visual arts has steadily deteriorated to the extent that it exists in only the most trasparent terms. Art as we know it is bound to disappear shortly. But what actually is dying: a social order or a specific set of mythsl More than likely the answer is both In her recent book, Natural Symbols, the anthropologist Mary Douglas alludes to the fact that the symbols of art are another measure of the strength of ritual in a society, although the two are by no means congruent. As forms of signification are discarded, ritual differentiation between the role of an artist and other members of society has gradually faded, as has the idea that art contains some particular efficacy, magical or otherwise. Moreover, avant-garde art is probably the first instance in which artistic expression is programmatically destroyed by artists in the name of visual exploration. which is hardly surprising since this term is a surrogate for the scientific impulse. In Dr. Douglas' words: we are then able to see that alienation from tlze current social values usually takes a set form: a denunciation not only of irrelevant rituals, but.of ritualism as suclzq exaltation of the inner experiences and denigratioff of its standard expressions preference for intuitive and instant forms of kno wledge. rejection of any tendency to allow habit to provide the basis Ofllll llewgtymubolic' system. In its extreme jorms antiritualzsm is' ra-nt attempt' touabolislz communication bv meansofcomplex symbolic systems. Y T l I, lt follows that her last sentence also pertains to science. The most obvious consequence of demythification is that, once begun, it probably will not stop until the entire semiological infrastructure of the present society is uprooted. Just as it denies history, Structuralism is paradoxically a tool of historical change. One of the truisms of Structuralism is that myths mirror or recapitulate the social structure supporting them. The fact that art has its patrons, benefactors, and 'ftastemakersl' simply informs us that once out of the hands of the artists, art acts as a kind of social counter or signal denoting status and financial worth. In centuries past art's function was to act as a medium for religious or political ideologies. Today' the acquisition of valuable art is in itself an ideological act. Mythologically, this financial quantification of the art impulse is simply an extension of the underlying value system, just as works of art are considered priceless only in the sense that any object, once awarded a niche in art history, is irreplaceable to the myth. The real purpose of art's costliness is to make us aware of the venevolences and merits of those who control art patronage. Until recently artists operated ambivalently as martyrs and eccentrics, symbols in a society absolving itself by occasionally buying a transubstantiated peice of the artist. This was true even as Albert Aurier wrote in 1890 that The painter's subject is in himself . . . All spectacles, all emotions, all dreams resolve themselves for him into combinations of patchesg into relationships of tones and tintsg into lines tGimpel, p. 1431. And since the early nineteenth century the greatest artists have made essentially autobiographical art. Such personalism reached its logical conclusion when a few artists today simply document their own bodily activites. In its final stages, this represents the termination of the iconic impulse. Even attempts to buy or underwrite Earth Art or Conceptual Art only stress the fact that the collector is willing to pay for his own demise. But just as inevitably the production of normal modern art will continue. For how long and under what circumstances is still a matter of speculation. Q N, E- Q While the collector and artist are clan members in danger of losing their totemic system, it is difficult to believe that such a concept will not be replaced by something much more essential to contemporary life. Marshall McLuhan is perhaps the first interpreter of communication to understand what these changes involve: It is well to disabuse ourselves of the fsense of myth' as unreal or false. It was the fragmented and literate intellectualism of the Greeks that destroyed the integral mythic vision to which we are now returning . . . QMcLuhan, p. 1851. Most probably the new myths will be scientifically oriented, but devoid of the emotional aridity and repressiveness which so many people associate with present scientific methods. We are witnessing the death throes of the classical art impulse and more than likely the birth of a totally new understanding of the social use of sign systems. STructuralism itself seems to be a dalectical device for removing mankind from the lingering influences of Classicism. Ideal time and scientific experimental idealism remain outgrowths of the classical frame of reference. They stem from the intuiton that location and proportion transcend the illusion of time, thus embodying the myth of art as well. In both classical artistic and scientific experimentation the strictest control is exacted over the ordering of isolated but complementary relationships. Reduction, isolation, and manipulation are the foundations of the classic inventive structure in art or technology. 5ltriS1now- possible tounderstandthe importance of gravitational 'effects-W upon the mythic structure of art. Classical and 'Newtonian physics held that a body persists in a state of rest orconstant motion except when affected by other bodies g the normal condition of all things being inertia. Classicism embodies the Western ideal of constancy. In contrast the art historical myth asserts that materially things change, but psychically we remain the same. Yet since the beginning of this century, Einsteinian physics has insisted that all bodies are constantly being affected by other bodies, their normal condition is continuous motion and change. So it is obvious that the twentieth centry represents an enormously violent rupture between synchronic and diachronic habits of thought. As yet there are few if any diachronic traditions not absolutely disastrous to the welfare of society as a whole. We live one way but think another. But a few thoughtful historians have already disavowed most of the illusions of history as measures of change. From the vantage point of natural science, the idea of informational and technical complexity represents one of the only creditable criteria of mutability. However, cultural complexity - if we accept the Western standard of technical sophistication - may only be obtained by depleting existing ecosystems and biosystems. In other words, we seem to develop new modes of technology at the expense of surrounding environmental systems, including ourselves. Thus it remains to be seen if this one criterion of change, complexity, is more than another postclassical illusion. Art is disappearing because the old separations between nature and culture no longer have any classification value. Biology tells us that what is cultural is ultimately natural or it does not survive. Ecologists insist that what is natural must become an integral and valued part of our culture. All classification systems require a division of the world. Obviously the basic social revolutions currently under way present us with an extremely altered set of divisions, implying new priorities and patterns of existence. If in Levi-Strauss' terms humanization of the natural implies religion, and naturalization of the cultural implies magic, this should not threaten our sense of rationality nor prevent us from understanding that the two processes are an integral and natural function of human thought -- both previously and for the future. Religion and magic are simply pejorative expressions for mental processes with exhausted content. Quite likely we are already formulating more suitable epistomological structures embodying the functions of religion and magic. These will be considered eminently logical and praiseworthy. If he understands his work, and the fact that it no longer demands mystihcation, the artist can still be a tremendously valuable figure in society. , ' It appears that we have come full circle. Classicism has ceased because the center of artistic gravity is.a mythical degree zero in space-time. We have reached that point. One remembers one of the notes placed by Marcel Duchamp in The, Green Box REgime of Coincidence Ministry of gravity Then Duchamp supplies directions for a painting or sculpture Flat container in glass -- Choldingj all sorts of liquids. Colored, pieces of wood, of iron, chemical reactions. Shape the container and look through it -. Coincidence in this instance relates to the ambiguity between natural and cultural elements subjected to the most random and offhand methods of alteration by the artist. Gravity of course is the ultimate force controlling all naturalizing effects. Duchamp's liquid-filled construction represents the randomization of artistic order - a work of art which is neither this nor that, art whose intentionality lies in its ambiguity and lack of a second signified. Together the two phrases signify the termination of artistic logic, art degree zero. Possibly we are witnessing the Global Village in its first stages of development. ,Since art has reached Duchamp's Jura Mountains, perhaps we are already on the moon, and looking back from that vantage point we see only overall patterns and a totality of existence on the Earth that was never before available for our perception. Having long been shocked by the separateness of things, peoples, cities, countries, and continents, these premonitions appear hopeful. THE STRUCTURE OF ART JACK BURNHAM 49x A Hib-n wqqg 'PRoDucED BY SOUIHUISTQRN MASS. umcusrzsmf DI REZQTQD BY ITAMES '-F COLLINS CFR. ASSISTANT D112ECl'oR ZTEANME ANLEMLJM AD U l SO R PETER LONDON C o5Tu ME DES! G-NEIL eoomm LL INDusZI724E5 SETS PAUL RuDom.PH GIZAPI-HCS .Dems O'MAu-Y 'IYAME 5 F COLL! M5 IH2. L! G-HT! MC:- CLQSIYXO ?RODoc.'U ON IMMGEK 'QTQHN LEVXS 'PH5EJ6-RAPHY BY IFJMQS Y Cow.: ms Ta U-EANNE M. ffm AIM STQPHUU Deco LLsBu5 'SEE NORR15 MATI' NBERWBRC ITU DY MQ Somew 'Shari BELLORHDO UTM mQQon.LfaM HLBIET GHCrLIARDl WRITERS HAVEN omomf mmm Hamm mm mcmfumu GINGER GARDMQK :I-EANNE LEM UM VERNON INGRAHAM l 'PEGC-I Mezoenkoi 'PABBK IYIOSHE 'BABIM LBRQCE user.:-lrlfo LEUMS CARROLL COUN OMLSOM KvRT' VQNMEGUT TK, 'TOM UQOLJFEI 'IFIEODQRE HELJME: YE!-JuDl MENUHIN 'QYAIYIEB CONAQMAV GEORGE B. LEZGNAKD 'JACK BURAXHANX Gn3SoN UQIMTSPN NORIYWO 0. l3KowM Hekmfw MELUALE' Ross ofgsvfw QHUANC,-Tzu R.D.LA1MC,- mfax LUBCJ-ER ARTHQR. Q . CLARKE' LDHBRA oF Kowu' SWNE' -DoNovAw r-HERQLUM ZSTONEG QHNDY NEUMWVW 'T7PlNCf BY IVIIQHAEL PCMIQDS CHCRYL. UASCCNCELLOS 'PKODQ CITOM f-ISSSFMTS Lows woZl'QcK 'PAUL VASouuc.eIl 05 B013 DETPIETZO CARQL G-oobwna MARY MURPHY .BRAD UZQXQE 'ZTSQQUEUME Lemum Bkuce iunopisuum Cosmo 'THANK You T6 ANvoNE we MIG-HT Hf-we MISSED 'IFJ MENHOM. I 0 PERM READTUJO BOOKS A DAY. Il-THAS BEEN SAID 'IHATv4KlS75f.E wA5 'TFIE LASTMAN To BE FAAWUAR LUITH THE QUHOLEQF H15 cucfurzg . RANSM1 mfem HAD IVJHDEAM fmmessuer ArreznPT'16 EQUHLARISTTJTLES AQHfe:ve7wENT3. He HAD BEEN XWIELUHAT 4555 5ucc,cssFur. THAN Azz: s'E:TLE IM Pelqcefvzmcf PATFEKASS :M wHAT HE KNEUA 'IHS INTELLHTUAL A'DufuTA1M HAD CAUURED 75 IRQDUCE A PHILG BOPHICAL Moana Ama A mms oy mouscx-IT THAT A5 Farm ex PRC SSEO 'IFE PHfLo SOPHY QomvcrzsA'I7omA LLY ,fm HES Sm PLQSTTEIWIS ffxgu GQ 01976 A MAN, AND you SAY, How Axemzmcrs Ggum-X? AND He SAYS GH, Fmet, F7NE-- CooCDN'T13E 13e77'CR 'FIND you LOOK INTEJ H15 EYES, AND YOU SEE 'WING-S COULDIWT BCMUCH CUORSC QQHCM YOU GET R101-IT JJou.w'l5 FC CUERYBODYQS HAUIMGA PSR-:c,TLy LOUS7' 77445 OF Nj HND I MEAN EVERYBODY AMD THE? HELL onrfg AIQTHMG SEGMSTG HSL? MUCH 'T H15 PHILQSOPHY DID NOTSADDCN H1lYl,I TDID IooTfYb4Ke' H1 Nl IBROQD A ITITIADE HIM H QAKFLESSLY CMATCHFUL IT HELPED IN BU amass 160 --T-bk ITLET PERM ASSQMC FDl'0MA1T CAU-Y THHT THE OWU? FELUMD IMS VAR unc-DAKEK AMD 'FAK MORE 1303520 'WAN HE SEEWIEYD A Mes Too, Pezopcr MTH Xrreorocf s'vomAc,Hs, Fouwb Fems f-was HMV W UOM1,-m. i L. L UMASS Dartmouth 4IlllllIlHIIfI!llNllilllillllllllllllllllIIIIIIIIHNNIIIIIHIII wHYDoMfT we aww-fe SGML A LLWQ-mgfq OPEN OuIqmmO5 LET THE? P1 GURE5 come? AMD IF wEQL05et HIL aura eyes 7-O6-E7?-IEK THEN 005001 LL SEE OQHCRE was LL QQMC Fam 1 3 2922 00509 340 3 . 1: E U fp- V , ' I. . .sau -4 1 WN - rf-b - - QLQLK. . -- . g Lf-1.1, 1 fl V fifrgiz'-:': C29 ,A 5. - --f.-an.-f-Q1 a-n,-rf . -' .... - 1. 4,.fj3':?-:'..igI,'fi.f'jf:'.fl'f?if .,g'S'?f1' ,-I. 2,2 VV. E '-i'i'if'f1u? a-'-If-ll.-'fs-2S-'-.E?ff1i'f 'L ' ie-ff . . r'4'-'-Yin '- J . 353.11 -5-54:5-x-1'f2:,',,i4,:A3 , -.5 'ti ., f -QUT, , ng.: ASI, .55 'W- . ,u,k,-A ,rg , -X1 .-- -H , 6 . , ,A ,xt . A -. JT. . .. I -.-Qui! ',g ',,'....'.n,A,'-, -V, 1,-veg -1.1 .r-rt, Q-Q K -vyqi vu, X9 iz-',':'fe-f.':vX.Km-,Q .:1'j,1':,,,Y'v .. - .eg .-Qi,-1:-,,-'-'g,f, a gill' 3'f5Yf!-iQ 9fG Z1'3J- 7If','5'g5 '- . '. f' ' flu? Effie'-. - siwsiiif-9'-2411Q'?f5-:af-1-ff 1- - L L 1 4--L-' 'wha-4 5. '... :A .p'2'3'54g -'D-W --QI - ' . ,- - . ' . rr-. W1-a-.P f Q J:- A .9 .-,Q 2 A.- 1 -I L.. Us. - , , . , , .- . .. . - '-- 1'--lg 'll'-J'?lr fii 'i--'w Ubin ' l -' - ' f--- ' ' - -4 'N -' 3'v '. f-V :xi if -'-YL'-fax!!-iii-i'1 s. -.fm . 9 - . ,- 1 2- -fa. if Q--Y-7 X . -' '.z-f-- G ' -.. -'- '56 ,S 'f --9-7 if 'l' - '- '. ff A 4 N: ' ' - - -54 -' ' --v' 19, - - ,,-v ,. S .ze ,fun 33139, 5 .Raw ,.,.,l..?Y,, , h -. L , I . Z K7 rbi!! 69, g- ,- Q.. . -N.,.l-',--'-,..' ,: , . -5-,'--:gf J - , I ' . - . N P1 --gt' . -- . ' .' A 3 :2g:x....4. F565 , - D V YA I : - ,f, .f7:a:.'.R,:8 f4'::'Q'l.: -5. - 1 1 1 L - '---1:93 A ' ' .. J . Q ...-if-.Hg .-ks -L 2 , 5-+5.54 Ar, -. ' T- ' - - X 5 if : L- wg , ' gf. if-,5:f x 3. . .Q 2, Q , . vu Ns - , .i'..xx4 t 5 ,gvl,,I.g,:, : 12' ryan-fa. -.-A-4.4 - N ' - 7 .- .-, - -iw. Q Y , , ,-.9-4.. 5 .Q . L P , gg.,-,f x- . f ,.-. 3 v. , . . - , ,I C Ax' Z, I XQ .v-gl. i.-,-g - .-,4..,L...2 +.'f.- ' srivrff- E.,-'-1 ' '4 ' - ' - .' : '9.- -. - . , Q '11 Lab'-,. If 4.-:f.QffQ' W . 54 - - J :A-1-fi:-.ry Eagle Q '-a.1.1'.-f La- - - . i ' - -1 1.. .. . .'.-3 L: fu..-eg ',. S--1 ' 2 R ff' - - 0' l:.- - Ina - . P-2 fig:-'?v? . -I fy ,I ' , ' v . . -' .I if--l:,', gn :HA 1 ' - . - -. ' - ' , ,.- ' 'A ,.. Az' .'.-' .. 4. i5.3,45zr:,J: ,-'iff ,,-- ' ,,,g1-B'We'3, ' -M... . U . 5: Q X4-. ,5 , gg - , L3 f--'45-'W' g -- q.,fih.-'r r 1 ' ky' - -I j ' w .1 294--, i5'!9.,g,i 6-:il f W'-f5'1- -' .-46275- 1 '-M ' - - . :xi-r ' 31 is- fc-T' .--- 3ni'1-:fx ff . ' ' I - -- f 4 wvef-'-1'-- ' -.-ff -- Q 5 ,1f:5S?f'!gE3'-ii'5f55rLif ii Q . 0 W' N- 4 N ai'-' 7ff? lx' ' '-':hs,f 2' '-- -.-1: -aug' .-l rkwf ' . L X . . ': - vc! Q ' 1 , .. S S,':f'.l-ug' .f.vf. f.-Nj! ' Qi- 5 , ' A V .. 4 -2 ,: ' fl' lYf'9'. ' L :- , ,- ' '.'7's ' ' X V ' '. '-- Y 1 1- fl f , -- -5 ' ii-ii.!9ll:'1l7I-, . . s-' .,- n V-, ' f, ,ck '-,x 1 ' ' ' ' ' '. 1-1 SEQ '54-'F-,iffy-. - 26.37-1' 923: I ' X vi.- 5 .,--zu, .-w-P... .- +4 7 . X -V:-, . .--Q, Q '?'I 5' - 'f ' T-' ' :T .- A .. ' 'if ' l - ' 1: '?1 'f9,'ibN' .x 73? 1- N ,- -. Elf' L Clif. .9 , . , . - . X 'rg-WB-,1. .jg--Q - ,. , K1 i' 1 Aq,:,Eg3:r.,' E? . . w .- 1 ' I :I .1 Qff, ' lv- .:lu'A- - -.'l- V. . ' -- '1 . J.-Snag.-'--'A I -gm-'. - .f ' N Z . . I I A- ' N wg -v'.a'?,?s -vijyyifg-:L --gif 1-?fq,L? .4 1- - .' '. ' ' . ' , . I L l- - ' Q ' 1' . ' 1, -A - - M' ,-'-' -. '.'-3'-E11-r hiv 1- T3-ew Q' . S..- F ' . ,Q G- af-, ' . . -4 ST, Q:-1'-.1 - J:-.q' 'J - '-'.-'I-'--gy'-'-F-'S -.-, - '31 -' . .- 'fz-ssg7,1. .4.'.1,. s-: - 1. if-3-!5f,mQe.l,5I1QffiI13s:f99 ''lf -51499 3 'S 14?-M L '- ' - -:if--fr-L ,g.:f:-1-'L .1 ..' 9'. ..-. -'J v 1 3545: H- ' '--.ff rn: ,.:- -1 r' n .'-24 , - -1. 1- ,,-.-'-' ,, .'.. gi-Q '-.. f -- -' . .v 4-' ' f-'iv' :ia-'--1.-s' .-2:9 if .-s z--QMQQQ'S-1fe5v2.f-W' -5.. 2145-lb-' f J'-f,.-1. 0 in ar.,:j. f5' g:A .95 623:23 ' -1 1'-f -, -r . ':,.j.- r. :' .- - ,,y- 3- L.: Qf.,3.2rfSs- ns 5-.P '1f:.5..1,?,,--'M ' - Er:-543, '-V555 -W ex! x 'I ' ,' ff. ' 72-5 - s wifi -','.: '- f1i:3! - -x . fi '?.. - -1- 5-'5 1432-5552 '.f.1F,1'.f 2.'3-. ' ' ii- VF' S A Sv.15 4':.f-. 'f-if ' f 'W--,i:'!4'i--' .--' -1- 'L 14- 3 'isfalfve ff ,' -.'Q:5i-'X' . -'15 STM -4 ,s-I2n-7N?Lf15iffif3i'1?,1-- T-ft' if' Qi: 9 -Us-P' at .1-In 'wifi .. . Sw M722-f :.. . -124-'ri'-:?'.fF..' 'lf' 7.-'1-'Fi VP- - ,, 1...fr.....r 5 1 I . X . , -J s- .5-5 .g.g,:Q-4541: A-PA. 5-Q-525'--pr: V,--J.--'--'E-N.-,.f,,5,,?-'y,,-. y . fn, g ,',. Q , .f . - ' -E, 1.1. ty.: 1.-g-gg.-5 .- ' -,-5 ,,. .--, Av., v 1- - - - f,p.a.:- -- -. ff- - ef' :wg --,--.- fu:-Q-1--. .f..f---wa Q - ---new 'g. 35.9 -f ffeffgfgfi rsfg Z.1q.3Q,f. .Hp.5i:9r1g,'2'f::jggffff-lg? 35? ff' x gs,---.n1A,.g.,i5.,. gray- ,414 gre- 1-,---1'-25.1--g,,-6.csi.p-'M6,::,:EYQ .f . 3. , -YQ.-.' ,URM 1.1: .: ., -use .3 ?.gf5,., 3, 3y5,4A.-.-2:11. g., I , - ?f.: 319:35 1' JCE-W --Ni -'TwL-1-1-11'-'1-'11'l arfflaiw-- -If vt-41-sys. -1 , :3 zgq' ,-gig ' 1-g'e..r'jQ?j'-,T:3..g:a,,,y'.- L -. A 95.533 5255, E11-Q.L1z1:,,f1i:?-rfgrgefffff' f ' 4. ' 7-5-fi: 'S'z.-.1 ?5'Q'-'-F IIB-7' ' -. '--ff'-.4 waht-1.-sf--f V I A J , . .nc 4 15-7 VICFJRE5 OF Us SPM we Quzcumgf gum 5 M U PICVURE-L5 QF os SHOUJ Us wE'RE ALL owe.. 'ARCHWES . 'ITE 'POHIMG 5'l5mETS