South Dakota State College - Jack Rabbit Yearbook (Brookings, SD)

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Asst. ur Jose of testing different materials used for construction purposes, such as timber, brick. D l - stone concrete blocks, cast iron, wronght iron and structural steel. . We also find a 2,000 pound cement testing machine, for the purpose of testing ce- ments and concretes. Here experimental investigation is being carried on in order to de- termine the relative strength and durability of the different kinds of cement, time of setting, fineness of grinding, thoroughness of burning, etc. Samples of cement for testing purposes are received from various manufacturing companies throughout the country. This tends to bring the student in closer contact with actual conditions and enables him to ascertain for himself the merits and defects of the ' ' d t l the different kinds and brands of cement- In the testing of structural 1ron an s ee student gets an opportunity to study the laws of tl1e behavior of these materials while they are . . . . . . I d t e es and strains similar to those to which they are subjected while in actua use. un er s r ss , . Brake tests and efficiency tests are also carried on the different gas engines, hot air engines, steam engines and steam boilers located in this laboratory. Thus giving the student an opportunity to become thoroughly familiar with the actual operation, care and manage- ment of these various ma chines as well as the theoretical principles underlying their opera- tions. Great stress is being laid upon experimental engineering at the present time, as it is a very important factor in the technical economic fabric of our country. And in fact the great aim of this department is to give the young man such training and knowledge as will ' ' - ' ' li h we are enable him to become a helper in the producing of these material things upon wi c so intimately dependent. To enable him to become a factor in the conservation and economic application of the resources and energies of our country. H. C. SOLBERG, M. E. Professor of Mechanical and Steam Engineering GEO. R. WESTCOTT, B. S. Asst. in Mechanical Engineering and Registrar OLE N. TROOIEN, M. S. in Mechanical and Steam Engineering 17

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- -Y - -.-- v-----.--.---,.- , t DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. The Department of Mechanical Engineering is located in the new Engineering and Physics Hall. The instruction in this department is both practical and theoretical. The usual methods of text-book study and lectures are employed, but the student is required to put into practice the instruction which he receives. Hence the work of the class room is supplemented and practically exemplified by practice in the shops and laboratories. In the drafting room the student is first taught the elementary principles of drafting. Then the design of individual pieces of different machines is taken up and finally a com- plete machine is designed. This involves the calculation of all the strains and stresses that are set up in the different parts of the machine. And also to make due allowance for strength and rigidity of each individual piece as it performs its function in relation to the whole mechanism. Among the many machines designed may be mentioned particularly gas en- gines, steam engines and straw boilers. In the shops the student is required to make some of the simpler machines that he has designed in the drafting room. Several courses are also offered in Architectural work fitting the student to make complete plans, drawings and estimates for ordinary buildings and residence. The machine shop is furnished with a large number of engine lathes for iron turning. These lathes are of various types and sizes. They are the products of the leading manu- facturing firms of the country and make the student familiar with the best makes of machines now on the market. We here also find a large iron planer, a sixteen-inch crank shaper, a No. 1 I-C: Universal Milling Machine, drill presses, drill grinders, etc., and a large number of smaller tools that go to make up a first-class machine shop. In fact it is doubtful if any college in the Northwest has a better assortment of representative machines than this college. In order to familiarize the student with the different machines and the principles of their operation he is given exercises in straight and taper turning, boring, thread cutting. planing, shaping, milling and gear cutting. And as his skill increases he is required to make various kinds of tools and cutters and finally to make complete machines from designs pre- viously made in the drafting room. In order to make the student as thoroughly familiar with modern machine shop methods as possible, he is required to acquire the habit of interpreting blue prints and drawings. As far as practical the student is allowed to use his own methods in the pro- duction of an article and encouraged in thinking for himself and exercising his own original- ity, and ingenuity. The forge room is furnished with twenty-eight forges and twenty-eight anvils, trip hammers, emery grinders, etc. The blast is furnished by a power blower and the gases are exhausted by a 70-inch steel-plate exhaust fan. The student is here given practice in drawing. bending, upsetting and welding iron and steel. Among the many articles that the student is required to make may be mentioned three pairs of blacksmith tongs, punches, chisels, various styles and sizes of wrenches and hammers. as well as a large number of other articles of practical importance. All these dif- ferent articles arc given a thorough test by the instructor as to temper and workmanship before they are accepted. The woodworking room is equipped with twenty-five sets of carpenter tools for bench work, and a large number of woodturning lathes, pattern lathes, jig saw, combination circular saw, large surface planer, etc- This makes in all a very complete woodworking equipment for bench work, woodturning and patternmaking. Here the student becomes familiar with the use of the different kinds of tools used in carpentry work as well as making all the joints common in building construction. On the wood lathe a person trains his eye as well as his hand. Here there is a possi- bility of developing something ornamental as well as useful. The :esthetic and the practical are combined. Here the student is required to make a number of cups of various sizes and shapes, spheres, mallets, picture frames and a large number of other articles too numerous to mention here. In the experimental laboratory we find a 100,000 pound vertical testing machine for the 16

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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND AGRONOMY. THE EXPERIMENT STATION AND ITS WORK. The Experiment Station is an institution created by Congress under what is known as the Hatch Act. This bill passed both houses of Congress in 1887 and became a law just twenty-five years after the bill passed, providing for the donating of public lands to the sev- eral states and territories to provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts. It was thc crowning effort on the part of Congress to make these institutions what they are to-day and great credit is due to Mr. Hatch, who was the principal promoter of the bill. The station is strictly an agricultural institution, its object being to solve problems for the farmers which they cannot solve thcmselvesg to assist in unlocking nature's secrets and bringing them to the attention of the farmer who works in the field with his coat off. George Washington foresaw the necessity of establishing a national board of agricul- ture to assist the farmers in their pursuits and, in one of his messages to Congress, empha- sized the importance of such an organization. President Roosevelt has said. While I am a son of Harvard, I feel that the state land grant institutions are doing a greater work and are closer to the hearts of the people than. many of the older and better equipped colleges. In this connection it might be stated that there are more people who hear of the South Da- kota Agricultural College through the medium of the experiment station bulletins than through any other source, and many there are in this state to-day who know nothing of the Agricultural College. while as a matter of fact the former is a part of the latter. The station receives 515,000 annually from the federal government for its support. The money is used for strictly experimental purposes. The equipment of the station, such as land and build- ings, is furnished by the state, wl1ile the laboratory facilities are provided by the station. It consists of six different divisions, viz.: Agronomy, Horticulture, Chemistry, Bot- any and-'Entomology, Veterinary and Animal Husbandry. The man who has charge of each of these divisions, is also professor of the subject in the College, thereby serving in a dual capacity, which arrangement renders the instructional feature of more value to the student than if two separate organizations were maintained. Considerable work in co-operation with the United States Department of Agricul- ture in the introduction of new fruits, grains, grasses and their improvement, has been done. which will prove of value not only to this state but to the entire Northwest. The department details two men to assist in these investigations. One is located at Brookings and the other at the state farm near Highmore, S. D. By growing the same crops in these two sections of the state it affords a better field for adaptation of new va- rieties of grains and grasses than would be possible with the one station, because the soil and climatic conditions of the two localities are quite different. The following lines of investigation are now under way in the different departments: In the Agronomy Department the work in crop rotation, which has been carried on for several years, is still under consideration. It consists of planting the same field to dif- ferent crops to notice the effect in yield per acre and the advantages or disadvantages in rais- ing such crops. This work is fully explained in Bulletin No. 79, which is free to all those who apply. In the Horticultural Department extensive series of experiments are being considered. Plant breeding is done along two lines: First, by selection from large numbers of individ- uals grown under the most favorable environment: second. by crossing and hybridizing with the best tame varieties, the object being to secure individuals combining the hardiness of the wild and the size and quality of fruit of the tame. About a quarter of a million seedlings may be found growing on the sixty acres set apart for this department. Many varieties of plants have been imported from foreign countries to use for- crossing with our native sorts, the intention being to secure improved varieties for our conditions. This fruit breeding establishment is second in size only to that of Burbank, of California. In the Chemistry Department the work is largely investigating the different wheats 18