Salisbury University - Evergreen Yearbook (Salisbury, MD)

Text from Pages 1 - 104 of the 1944 volume:

the college library state teachers college SALISBURY, MARYLAND cH_E$a ' Presented to the State Teachers College Salisbury, Md. by Mrs. William Howard Bennett December 1947 Evergreen 1944 fl story of a year of change and of enduring values Volume Nineteen Published by The Publications Staff State Teachers College Salisbury, Maryland THE WORLD IS NEVER STATIC; it is ever changing. War acts as an unmerciful cata¬ lyst to speed the reaction between nation and nation, or idea and idea. The process is an inescapable one that seeps into every corner of the globe and rocks every estab¬ lished institution at its very foundations. Our college was caught with the rest, powerless to escape from the unrelenting forces at work. Indeed, change is noticeable even upon a casual glance at the college. There are changes in faculty, changes in enrollment, changes in athletics, changes in curricula, and changes in the time of graduation. ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ 2 37 £ cn $ : v K ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ BUT THERE ARE great fundamental things which will always endure in the world at large as well as at S. T. C. The knowledge that comes from contact with well-chosen books, the wisdom proffered by daily asso¬ ciation with instructors, and the spirit and noble ideals of the students themselves are abiding. State Teachers College has always preserved the great principles through her students. Now her task is a greater one. Not only must she stand for unchanging truths, but she must also teach her students to ap¬ ply them to a rapidly changing universe. To the belief that S. T. C. cannot fail to guide her sons and daughters to share in molding tomorrow ' s better civilization, we dedicate the 1944 Evergreen. 3 MEMBERS OF THE PUBLICATIONS STAFF: Standing —Callaway, Brittingham, Brinsfield, Clendaniel, E. Libis, Hutson, Trice, A. Cropper. Seated —Hearne, Nock, Insley, Mrs. F. B. Fleming, Dr. Anne Matthews, Dunnock, Bloodsworth, Jones. 4 The very last copy is written, And the galleys are read and reread ; The cuts are at the engraver ' s, And all the instructions are said. At last the Staff may stop working, They may pack up their thinking caps, And dream of the Evergreen’s coming, While taking their much-earned naps. Apologies to Rudyard Kipling. ANY DREAMING done by Publications Staff members has to be reserved for after the Evergreen goes to press. Behind the staff room doors, they plan and plan for the Evergreen and then set to work to build it up word by word and page by page. The mystery of the creation of a book is revealed to Staff members. To them the volume which you are now reading is more than printed words. They know the laughs, the struggles, the earnest work and deep thought behind and between and under each line. They see an ugly hen-scratched dummy” and precious, like a cocoon, because of the secrets which were to grow, until with spring, they emerge in the form of a full- grown book. They re member copy sheets strewn with corrections, additions, and de¬ letions. They remember deadline dates and last minute rushes. They know that more than pencil and paper and printer ' s ink go into a book. S.T.C. student, before you delve into the pages of your Evergreen in search of your picture, before you chuckle at some incident preserved in your book, before you ask the person standing next to you to decorate its pages with his autograph, hear a word from the Staff that made your book possible: We have enjoyed making the Evergreen, 1944 . There were wartime obstacles which had to be surmounted, but we chose to scale them because you felt that the preservation of your college memories could not be given up. As you read your book, let it become a storehouse for your reminiscences of 1943-44 at State Teachers College. The Evergreen can record only outstanding events. You know personal deta ils of which we hope you will be reminded. We had fun writing what you were living; we hope you ' ll like re¬ living what we were writing. “Miss THIS OIL PORTRAIT, presented and unveiled in the college dining hall by the Alumni Associa¬ tion, January 28, is a constant symbol of the ap¬ preciation of the service of Miss Ruth Powell to the college since its founding nineteen years ago. It was painted by Miss Dorothy Mitchell, Salisbury artist and teacher. It was unveiled by the son of Mrs. Aline K. Hayman, an alumna, during the homecoming at the mid-winter com- 6 Ruth” mencement. The officers of the organization who so honored “Miss Ruth ' ' on this occasion, and for her sixtieth birthday are: Mrs. Sara Collins Kelly, president; Miss Imogene Caruthers, vice- president; and Mrs. Anna Jones Cooper, sec¬ retary. Dr. Ida Belle Thomas, alumni advisor, spoke truly at the unveiling when she said, “No one has done more than ' Miss Ruth ' to further the lives and the fortunes of students. This Changing World TO WEEP for peace, yet learn to laugh in war is the destiny that a bruised world flings to its youth. S.T.C. has seen, and is yet to see its effect many times. One after another, young men enroll to become her students while they may. For a time they mingle in her halls and study in her class¬ rooms, working and playing with no out¬ ward expression of their realization of the inevitable end of their brief college days. Then one day they lay aside their books and go guietly away to take up their guns. Perhaps their class or some other organi¬ zation recognizes their leaving with a fare¬ well party, but with that they are gone. Theirs it is to do the hard part of a task to which all humanity must directly or in¬ directly commit itself. Theirs it is to fight for a world ' s lost right to peace and life. This time we must not fail—they must not fail—to restore those important values which have been lost. They leave their college life with the silent oath that they shall not fail and the silent plea that we at home shall not let them down but shall do our part on the home front. Our boys do not forget their Alma Mater when they have gone forth to war. There is always a fresh supply of letters and cards and pictures from Italy, Africa, Aus¬ tralia, England, or United States camps displayed on the large bulletin board in the main corridor. Their college remem¬ bers her boys, too. A new name is added to the Service Plague whenever a boy leaves and the English Speech classes, as well as unorganized groups, correspond with those whose addresses are known. Shirley Churchill has written a poem which expresses the feeling all of us have for the boys to whom we said goodbye: Prayer for a Soldier Please, Qod, watch over him tonight, ’Twas not his will that he be sent to fight. Stay near him wherever he may be, For at this hour he has special need of Thee. It wasn ' t easy to see him go, And when we ' d meet again I didn ' t know. I wanted to be brave and so refused to cry, Thus with a smile I said goodbye. He left his home for some distant shore, But we all know what he ' s fighting for To make a world where men be free ; And when it ' s over, please send him safely home to me. 7 S. T. C.-eans With The Armed Services Lt. (j.g.) J. WADE CARUTHERS, USNR, on a minesweeper in the Caribbean area. ENSIGN SAMUEL E. SEIDEL, line officer in the USNR. Capt. JOHN EICHNOR with the Infantry Armored Force, a member of the regular Army since 1938. ENSIGN WILLIAM NEWCOMB Navy Air Corps. Lt. HENRY McFADDEN WILSON, “Mickey”, with the Army Air Corps. WARRANT OFFICER ROBERT A. ELDERDICE is overseas with the Army. Pvt. PRESTON MESSICK a bomb squadron attached to th e Air Corps. Lt. “FREDDIE” MESSICK with the U. S. Marine Corps. t. EUGENE M. MESSICK, Jr., Lt. (j.g.) “FREDDIE” MARVEL, Lt. WALTER McALLISTER Lt. GERALD GIVARZ in the states after more than with the Navy Air Corps. with the Army Air Corps. with the Army Air Corps, fifty bombing missions. IF IT WERE POSSIBLE to run pictures of all STC men, and women, too, on war duty and at their battle or land stations there would be before you a kaleidoscopic scene of busy hard-fighting and in many cases weary and imperiled men, making sacrifices for their country on all fronts of war. Lt. David Somervel, bombardier, and Ens. William Newcomb, Navy flyer, both have been listed missing in action; and two other former students, Harrington Pritchett and Everett Bennett, were killed in accidents while on furloughs. Men in college now temporarily have abandoned hopes for degrees in preparation for teaching and other professions and are preparing for Army and Navy tests to enter the service as soon as they are eligible. Loss of life and health may be recorded for some STC alumni before the war ends, but the glory that comes from bravery in war will be theirs in the regards of others. ' Lt. CARL L. PUSEY, Jr., cavalryman in the Army. ENSIGN HENRY WHITE USNR. ENSIGN ROBERT HEATWOLE Lt. CHARLES LEE ELLIOTT Navy Air Corps. recently served in the Intelli¬ gence Division of the Army. MISS JAMART, MISS RIALL, DR. CARUTHERS zohi a Excsz zzjlti jz s EULOZ ± xl J July 2, 1940. My fate is settled now. I ' m going to S.T.C. Dr. Blackwell was down today and left me some papers to be signed. It seems one has to give his whole life history to get into college. September, 1940. Getting lost seems to be easy around this school. Today I ap¬ plied at the library for lunch. December, 1940. Christmas here is beautiful. In fact it ' s more beautiful than I ' ve seen it before. Somehow that candle and the carols, and the readings draw one close to the school and cause him to feel that indescribable something at the heart of it. have practically melted—as if exam ' s can ' t make one hot enough! September, 1941. Sophomores, at last! And it ' s a grand feeling—even if one in¬ structor did remind us to Take care, you know sophomore ' really means wise fool. ' December 7, 1941. The horror that struck this morning at Pearl Harbor has affected every corner of our nation. It stands over our college like a great black shadow and we go about much guieted. No one wants to hear anything but news re¬ ports from the radio, which a few hours ago blared forth bright music and silly stories. December 8, 1941. Sitting breathless on the floor of the social room today await¬ ing the words they knew President Roose¬ velt must speak, students forgot their classes for a while. January, 1942. Red, white, and blue crepe paper carried out the patriotic theme at our class dance. Lew Startt furnished the music. May, 1942. Goodbyes are different for our class this year. The men are almost all of military age, so few of them will be here next term. Some twenty of us are going to become teachers (we hope); others are transferring to study their respective chosen professions. May, 1942. lonathan Swift had to bear the brunt of our revenge, and be burned in effigy at our class party tonight. There wasn ' t a serious person among us for our last Open-Book Test was presented to Mrs. Bennett on the stroke of 8.30 this morning. March, 1941. I wonder if Mrs. Thomas will actually read all of those card theses. June, 1941. Am I glad the last exam ' s over for this year! It has been so hot we 10 June, 1942. It doesn ' t seem possible that we are luniors already. Our acceler¬ ated schedule looks all right—there ap¬ pear to be plenty of afternoons left for swimming, movies, etc. July, 1942. Stage fright! I forgot even the first line of the song I was to teach in music class today. September, 1942. Do you suppose any of those things we learned about teaching really work? October, 1942. Children can be little .... well, at any rate they aren ' t always angels. January 19, 1943. A little red school house complete with desks, maps, a dunce and a curriculum (never heard of before) suited our class very well tonight. Again a party meant goodbye, for half the class is to go to Anne Arundel County with Dr. Matthews in the morning. Teachers are needed and some members of the class are to do their practice teaching in real live rooms of their own. January 21, 1943. Batons and stacks of primary books brought whimsical smiles from those who have seen other classes emerge from their first day in the campus school or their first lesson in conducting. February, 1943. I can ' t understand it. I have never lied to Dr. Caruthers, but today he looked rather skeptical when for the second time this week I had to ask for an early conference in order to be on time for my appointment with the dentist. April, 1943. Churches and auditorium stages are strange places for school rooms. Yet, the letters I received today from that Anne Arundel crowd say that is where they are working. May 29, 1943. I was so excited this morning that I almost woke the dormitory. The yearbooks arrived! June 21, 1943. Being just one big, happy class again is wonderful, and we don ' t have to wonder what we ' ll teach—come tomorrow. August, 1943. I grinned, the camera clicked, and another awful expression was recorded. The picture is for the senior section of the Evergreen, 1944 . I just know that picture is going to look ridiculous. November, 1943. A baby sguirrel is mildly welcome in my classroom, but field mice are just too much. One of the boys brought in six this morning and managed to let two of them escape. November, 1943. Going around in circles only half describes what I ' ve been through this month. We gave our Book Week Program this afternoon. The child¬ ren wrote the script, designed the scenery and made the costumes, and I had to see that their were no tragedies. CLASS PRESIDENT E. ELIZABETH WOOD “Betty” North East, Maryland Athletic Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Day Students Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Sophanes Players 1, 2, 3 . . . . Christian Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Vice- President of Athletic Association 3 . . . . Presi¬ dent of class 4 ... . Cadet Teaching ' 43 and ' 43-44, grade six, Jacobsville. . . . “Your little voice, so soft and kind. ■ —Samuel Hoffenstein. 11 NORMA LAVINIA ADKINS “Blondie” Salisbury, Route 1 Glee Club 1, 2, 3 ... . Sophanes Players 1, 2, 3 . . . . Athletic Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Day Stu¬ dents Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Christian Associa¬ tion 2, 3 ... . Cadet Teaching ' 43 and ' 43-44, grade one, Jacobsville. . . . RHODA ANNE COOPER “Rhoda” Quantico, Maryland Glee Club 1, 2, 3 ... . Sophanes Players 1, 2, 3 . . . . Athletic Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Day Students Association 1,2.... Home Association 3 . . . . Student Chairman of Assemblies 3 . . . . Student Council 3 . . . . Cadet Teaching ' 43, grades three and four, Campus Elementary School; ' 43-44, Elkton. . . . “A thing of beauty is a joy forever —Keats. BETTY BROWN “B.B. ” Federalsburg, Maryland Christian Association 1,2,3.... Home Associa¬ tion 1, 2, 3 ... . Student Council 3 . . . . Athletic Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Cadet Teaching, ' 43, grades one and two, Campus Elementary School; ' 43-44, grades two and three, North East. . . . “A daughter of the gods, divinely tall. —Tennyson. VIRGINIA LEE DOWNING binme Hebron, Maryland Day Student Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Sophanes Players 1, 2, 3 ... . Athletic Association 1, 2, 3 . . . . Glee Club 3 . . . . Vice-President of Day Students Association 3 . . . . Cadet Teaching ' 43, grades three and four, Campus Elementary School; ' 43-44, Union Bridge. . . . “In action faithful ' , and in hoyiour clear. —Pope. 12 EDITH LUCILLE GROSS “Grosse” Jarettsville, Maryland Glee Club 1, 2, 3 ... . Orchestra 1, 2, 3 ... . Athletic Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Christian As¬ sociation 1, 2 ... . Home Association 1 . . . . President of Glee Club 3 . . . . Cadet Teaching, ' 43, grades two and three, Jacobsville; ' 43-44, grade four, Old Post Roads. . . . Wilt thou have music ? Hark! —Shakespeare. NORMA LORAINE MEZICK “Norma” Tyaskin, Maryland Sophanes Players 2 ... . Athletic Association 1 . . . . Christian Association 1 . . . . Glee Club 3 . . . . Day Students Association 1, 2 ... . Home Association 3 . . . . Secretary of Day Students Association 2 ... . Secretary of Senior Class . . . . Cadet Teaching, ' 43, grades one and two, Campus Elementary School; ' 43-44, grade two, Indian Head. . . . “All things require skill but an appetite. —-George Herbert. ELLEN PAGE LIBIS “Maisie” Federalsburg, Maryland Publications Staff 2, 3, 4 ... . Christian Associa¬ tion 2, 3 ... . Sophanes Players 2 ... . Glee Club 3, 4 ... . Vice-President of Christian As¬ sociation 3 . . . . Co-Editor of Publications Staff 3, 4 ... . Student Council 4 ... . Cadet Teach¬ ing, ' 43-44, Campus Elementary School; ' 44 grades one, two and three, Compton. . . . “Her heart is always doing lovely things. —John Masefield. MILDRED B. MURPHY “Murf” Charlestown, Maryland Publications Staff 3, 4 ... . Christian Associa¬ tion 1, 2, 3 ... . Sophanes Players 1, 2, 3 ... . Athletic Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Baglean-Car- nean 2, 3 ... . Student Council 2 . . . . Manager of Debate, Baglean-Carnean 3 . . . . Co-Editor, Publications Staff 3 . . . . Cadet Teach ing, ' 43, grade seven, Brooklyn Park; ' 43-44, grade six, Brooklyn Park. . . . “Industry need not ivish. —Benjamin Franklin. 13 LOIS M. PITTMAN “Melvina’ ' Chestertown, Maryland Glee Club 1, 2, 3 ... . Trio 3 . . . . Student Coun¬ cil 3 ... . Christian Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Athletic Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Vice-President of Glee Club 3 . . . . Vice-President of Sophanes Players 3 . . . . Secretary-Treasurer of Day Students Association .... Secretary of Student Council 3 . . . . Cadet Teaching, ' 43, grade five Brooklyn Park; ' 43-44, grades two and three, Jacobsville. . . . “Hail to thee , lady ! -Shakespeare. MARION PRANIS “Pranis” Riverton, Maryland Christian Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Athletic As¬ sociation 1, 2, 3 ... . Day Students Association 1, 2, 3 • • • • Publications Staff 2, 3 ... . Secretary of Christian Association 3 . . . . Vice-President of Class 3 . . . . Cadet Teaching, ' 43 and ' 43-44, grade two; Glen Burnie. . . . “ Where the stredme runneth smoothest, the ivdter is deepest . ” —Lyly. ORPAH LEE PUSEY “Orfa” Princess Anne, Maryland Home Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Athletic Associa¬ tion 1, 2, 3 ... . Cadet Teaching, ' 43, grades three and four, Campus Elementary School; ' 43- 44, grade five, Middle River School, Baltimore. “Coquetry is the thorn that guards the rose. —I. K. Marvel. ELLEN ANN NOBLE “Ann” Oriole, Maryland Athletic Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Sophanes Play¬ ers 1, 2, 3 ... . Christian Association 1, 2, 3 . . . . Day Students Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Class Secretary 3 . . . . Chairman of Assembly Com¬ mittee 3 . . . . Cadet Teaching ' 43 and ' 43-44, grades two and three, Glen Burnie. . . . “Both short and siveet some say is best. —Thomas Middleton. 14 ANN JACKSON RILEY “Roonie’ ’ Salisbury, Maryland Day Students Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Sophanes Players 1, 2, 3 ... . Athletic Association 1, 2, 3 . . . . Christian Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Cadet Teaching, ' 43, grades one and two, Campus Elementary School; ' 43-44, grade one, Indian Head. . . . “As merry as the day is long. Shakespeare. MARY ANN REINHOLD “Reinhold” Denton, Maryland President, Day Students Association 3 . . . . Glee Club 3 . . . . Athletic Association 1, 2, 3 . . . . Christian Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Cadet Teaching, ' 43 and ' 43-44, sixth grade, Glen Burnie. . . . “Individuality is the salt of common life. H enry Van Dyke. MARYLEE RUARK “Ruark’ ’ Ocean City, Maryland Sophanes Players 2 ... . Student Council 3 . . . . Glee Club 2 ... . Publications Staff 2, 3 . . . . President of Home Association 3 . . . . Cadet Teaching ' 43, grade four, Brooklyn Park; ' 43-44, grade three, Brooklyn Park. . . . “O, Jfomeo, Ifomeo! wherefore art thou , JfomeoV ' —Shakespeare. EDNA E. SCHMICK “Schmickie” Preston, Maryland Athletic Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Sophanes Play¬ ers 1, 2, 3 ... . Christian Association 2, 3 ... . Glee Club 2, 3 ... . Baglean-Carnean 1, 2 ... . Secretary of Class 2 ... . President of Class 3 ... . Cadet Teaching ' 43 and ' 43-44, sixth grade, Linthicum Heights. . . . “Let us then be up and doing Longfellow. 15 IRIS FRANCES TRUITT “Trute” Day Students Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Glee Club 2, 3 ... . Athletic Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Christian Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Sophanes Players 2, 3 ... . Cadet teaching ' 43-44, grade three, Indian Head. . . . “Quips and Cranks, and wanton Wiles. —Milton. MARY JANE WOOD “Woodie” North East, Maryland Sophanes Players 1, 2, 3 ... . Christian Associa¬ tion 1, 2, 3 ... . Athletic Association 1, 2, 3 . . . . Day Student Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Presi¬ dent of Christian Association 3 . . . . Cadet Teaching ' 43, and ' 43-44, grade six, Brooklyn park .... “Candor is the seal of a noble mind. -—BeNTZEL ' StEINAU. DOROTHY WANEX “Dottie” Secretary, Maryland Athletic Association Secretary 1, 2, 3 ... . Sophanes Players 1, 2 ... . Glee Club 1, 2, 3 . . . . Trio 3 . . . . Secretary of Athletic Associa¬ tion 1, 2, 3 ... . Day Student Association 1, 2, 3 .... President of Christian Association 3 . . . . Cadet Teaching ' 43, grades three and four, and ' 43-44, grades two and three, Linthicum Heights “Tee have many strings to your bowe. -—Heywood. V. MARIE YOUNG “Victoria” Salisbury, Maryland Athletic Association 1, 2, 3 ... . Sophanes Play¬ ers 1, 2, 3 ... . Glee Club 3 . . . . President of Home Association 3 . . . . Treasurer of Class 4 . . . . Cadet Teaching ' 43, grades three and four, Campus Elemen tary School; ' 43-44, grade six, Aberdeen. . . . “Never idle a moment, but thrifty and thoughtful of others. 16 Longfellow. Of Interest To Seniors January 28, 1944. Coming back to college and watching my classmates ar¬ rive for graduation activities was a pleas¬ ure I have been anticipating for several months. Although Norma Mezick and Mildred Murphy were in town earlier, Marylee Ruark and I were the first to greet each other on the campus. Dottie Wanex and Edna Schmick arrived soon after and from then girls came one by one until Mary Jane Wood dashed into the social room just before dinner to make the class complete. Our Senior dinner was high-lighted by the unveiling of a portrait of ' Miss Ruth, presented by the Alumni Association. The beautiful life-sized portrait was painted by Miss Dorothy Mitchell and hangs in the middle of the paneling at the front of the dining room, a fitting tribute to one whose service has been long and faithful. January 29, 1944. The music was really being played for us. We were the Seniors who were to file in stately proces¬ sion to the stage. We were the Seniors to whom Dr. Katherine Jeanne Gallagher was addressing her words. We were the Seniors who were listening to the com¬ forting wisdom of MacDowelTs At Part¬ ing. We were the Seniors who responded to Dr. Caruthers ' last command, Candi¬ dates for the Degree of Bachelor of Science, arise. We were actually holding our diplomas in our hands. We heard the opening bars of our Alma Mater and stood, as was our habit. We sang, and the words became our promise of loyalty to the institution that was the Alma Mater we were leaving. The music announced the time for our departure and we marched out of the auditorium as yet unable to grasp the reality of the scene in which we had just played title role. Monday we go back to our schoolrooms as college graduates. We are no longer cadet teachers. We are teachers! We have attained the state for which we were reaching when we wrote our names on registration cards in September, 1940. ELLEN LIBIS. 17 The Class of ’44 Says Au Revoir To Familiar Scenes i 18 The Enduring Values MEMBERS OF THE STUDENT COUNCIL Left to Right —E. S. Ellis, Dr. Matthews, Brinsfield, Hutson, Widdowson, Dunnock, J. Long, Bloodsworth, Mrs. L. Ben¬ nett, E. Libis. MILITARY TITLES may precede the names of members of alumni, seniors may come to be graduated when they will, but back on the campus there are organizations, groups, and individuals who must plunge ahead. They must work, plan, and carry- on. They must consider changes and un¬ usual happenings in the college and in the world at large. Such organizations have enduring val¬ ues. Whenever any group lives together there must be advisory or governing bodies to see that the rules are made and enforced in order to protect the individ¬ uals within the society. Here in America we have been taught to believe that the best government is that made and exe¬ cuted by the group itself. Democratic procedure is the goal of our Student Council. Perhaps it has been a case of hitching our wagon to a star. Our students have been willing to allow the Council merely to recommend such changes in the government as were thought to be improvements. Such a council al¬ lows for a statement and a consideration of student opinion, but it is not true demo¬ cracy so long as student representatives do not make final decisions, and assume responsibility in creating student opinion concerning them. Last spring the Student Council began a discussion of the Student Handbook which led to the revised edition which was distributed this past fall. This action has led some students to a realization that student government well worked out would more nearly approach true democracy than does the set-up under the Council. Such a plan entails increased student re¬ sponsibilities. Are we ready and able to assume them? 19 THE FRESHMAN CLASS: Seated —J. Long, Brinsfield, Neale, Silvey, Brittingham, Webster. 1st Row —Potts, Rounds, Lord, Hayman, I. Marshall, Metcalfe, D. L. Taylor, Gibbs, M. Libis, Tull, Griffin. 2nd Row -—Davenport, M. Wilson, Clark, Hill, J. Callahan, White, Cummins, Harris, Clendaniel, P. Covington, Disharoon, Mr. JUNIORS MAY TEACH off the campus, seniors may be graduated, men may leave for armed service, but as long as Septem¬ ber brings a new freshman class to its halls, S.T.C. will go on. As long as there are freshman classes certain essential and fun activities and festivities will be preserved. There will be registration tables placed in the halls in order that, with the aid of faculty advisors, the would-be students may outline their courses. For freshmen there will be lost rooms and elusive doors. There will be enormous bows of green ribbon and mouse 20 William Straughn. 3rd Row —S. Long, Willard, Hopkins, Wright, Adams, White, English, Powell, Horseman, Hillman. 4th Row —Harrington, Harrison, Harrigan, Owens, Crockett, Gambill. 5th Row —G. Brown, M. Smith, Hammer, Hem¬ ming, Tyndall, Schallon, Wimbrow, Callaway, 6th Row— Lipow, Milbourne, Gladding, Shockley, King. traps and odd shoes and name placards. There will be rat dances at which sopho¬ mores make an attempt to atone for the hardships of the preceding days. Of greater significance, perhaps, than these objective things named, is the ad¬ dition made each fall by these new-comers, the freshmen. With them come new ideas and new abilities to replace those which are ever being changed by the graduation of senior classes. With them comes the certainty of the preservation of the fine principles for which our college stands and the hope for future progress. THE PRESERVATION OF MORALE ranks high in the consideration of the men who move armies. The intensity with which fighting men must work and the grave re¬ sponsibilities connected with their work make relaxation and recreation of vital importance. Men are given opportunities for sports, movies, music, and sometimes even for participation in dramatic produc¬ tions. Occasionally furloughs and leaves permit complete relief from military duties. Even on the battlefront attempts are made to provide for time off. A bit of morale building for soldiers of nearby camps has been done by S.T.C. students, who reasoned that if dancing were good for their own morale the same activity might boost the spirits of their neighbors. Already soldiers have been invited to two formal dances at the college. The co¬ eds had great fun devising descriptions of themselves to send to Camp Somerset in order that the dance floor might not be filled with tall people struggling with short partners or jitterbugs cavorting with waltz addicts. The harvest moon ruled the first dance. Hay stacks and pumpkins were in evidence all over the gym. Refreshments consisted of spicy gingerbread and fragrant cider. At the dance held the week-end before dismissal for the holidays the towering Christmas tree scintillating with colored lights was a fitting center of attraction. Christmas greens were placed everywhere that the architecture of the room afforded support. At one end of the room a life- size horse was hitched to a sleigh full of Christmas parcels and at the opposite end red stockings hung above a glowing fire¬ place. Lew Startt ' s orchestra was the final touch to make the evening entirely pleasu¬ rable to service men and students alike. On other occasions college students have had good times among themselves. Informal Friday evening dances were initiated in October with a jestful Hal¬ lowe ' en party and continued throughout the year whenever other activities did not interfere. Those students who came to the Hal¬ lowe ' en party found the night of ghosts and witches well celebrated. The dances were interspersed with conga lines, broom dances, Paul lones, and other games. A familiar-voiced gypsy told interesting for¬ tunes, and tubs of water were the center of much merriment when apple bobbing time came around. iSI I The Grand March at The Service Mens Dance 21 ALSO PRESENT AT THE DANCES held at the college this year were some of pur ov n men. For in spite of the call to arms, the freshman class roll boasted of seventeen men. The Men ' s Association has accomplished much this year in the way of promoting a spirit of good will and cooperation among its members. Moreover, the men tired of the ugly barrenness of their smoking rooms and they have fixed for themselves a com¬ fortable spot in the basement where they can study, hold their meetings, or just relax. Good times have also been a part of the Association ' s activities. Their advisor, Mr. A. L. Fleming, was host at a waffle supper at which there was plenty of excitement. There could be no better combination for fun than hot waffles and a raft of hungry THE MEN’S ASSOCIATION: boys ready for a frolic. Since several of the boys had to report for military duty at the end of the second semester, there was another social affair to see them off properly. On January 31 the group met again for dinner. This time Miss Mary Butcher ' s home was the scene of the festivities, and the men invited their girls to be their guests. President Blackwell entertained the men at a stag party on the evening of St. Pat¬ rick ' s day. The Men ' s Association officers for the year have been Charles Hemming, presi¬ dent; William Wimbrow, vice-president; Tom Neale, secretary; William Calloway, treasurer; Mr. A. L. Fleming, faculty ad¬ visor. Their organization has done a fine piece of work and its members have proved themselves assets to college life. Webster, Callaway, Wimbrow, Gambill, Tyndall, Milbourne. Hammer, Lipow, Brown, Gladding, Mr. A. L. Fleming, at the piano, Shockley. 22 WOMEN’S ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION : Ruark, Young, Cooper, Widdowson. 2nd Row —Dunnock, Insley, Trice, Schmick, Wanex, M. Marshall, Nock, S. Smith. 3rd Row —Bailey, Parks, V. Callahan, Smithson, Hearne, 1st Row —Pierce, Richards, Lynch, Hutson, Hahn, Jones, Troy, R. Cropper, R. Cal lahan, Mills, Murphy. ' ' BOOST THE MORALE — do your part in the war effort ! That ' s this year ' s slogan of S.T.C. ' s Athletic Association. With practically the entire male element in the armed services, the lassies were left to put our college over the top in sports. The whole country had turned its face with grim realism toward a working combination of a united home-front allied with its fight¬ ing men. S.T.C. could be no exception. As leaves changed color and days be¬ came brisk, any casual observer could see wandering girls eguipped with odd leg guards and hockey sticks, en route to the athletic field. Yes, those girls were off to put that hockey puck through a tremend¬ ous battle. Occasional skinned knees and sprained fingers were exhibited after such encounters—but proudly! Fortified by genuine ability and the will to win, our girls began their fight to vic¬ tory. How could they be defeated with Mary Marshall and Janice Hearne shooting those baskets. The results of the season were six wins and one tie. Two high points in our year of sports were All High- School-Seniors Day and the tournament with Towson—our traditional rivals. We showed our colors on those occasions. Beware! Flying arrows! One has to be on guard when archery takes the fore¬ ground. A new sport at our college, arch¬ ery found many eager participants in the summer session. Some of the girls became so skilled in this art that the bull ' s eye took a beating. Ping pong, badminton, and tennis offered pleasure to girls inter¬ ested in other sports. Our sports program plays an ever im¬ portant factor in college life. 23 HOT WEATHER and the urge to go swimmin ' didn ' t interfere at all in the summer sports program. Softball was fore¬ most in the thoughts of all the sports- minded. Our girls found worthy opponents in the Telephone Company team. And the week¬ ly Wednesday-night games were enthusi¬ astically hailed by the student body. The ten weeks series of games terminated with S.T.C. the winner. Never will any of us forget Cropper ' s hard hits, Dottie ' s home runs, and the sportsmanship and team¬ work displayed by the entire team. There was plenty of fun for everyone. What about the picnics? Of course, we can never forget them. Watermelon pic¬ nics, hot dog roasts, and all sorts of good times were prepared by the A.A. (in col¬ laboration with Miss Ruth”). The last game found the Telephone Girls as hosts to S.T.C. ' ers at a picnic in the Muni¬ cipal Park. We ' re all looking forward to another summer of softball and fun. WOMEN’S SOFTBALL TEAIYI ■ Seated —Insley, Trice, Schmick, Wanex, M. Marshall, Nock. ‘ Standing —Lynch, Hutson, Hearne, Troy, R. Cropper, R. Callahan. 24 AT JOHNSON’S LAKE: Wanex, Murphy, Schmick, Pittman, M. J. Wood, Noble, B. Wood. S-P-L-A-S-H-! As the first water enthusiast plunged into Johnson ' s Lake, a new course was added to S.T.C. ' s curriculum—swim¬ ming! Many of the college students, grateful for this opportunity for gaining aquatic skill, selected swimming as their special¬ ized sport for the Summer Session. Ath¬ letic bodies glistened beneath the hot summer sun as the more advanced swim¬ mers were taught life-saving by a qualified Red Cross director. Learning the proper ' ' approaches, ' ' how to level off, break holds and carry the victim became one of life ' s important duties. Everywhere, one could see earnest S.T.C. ' ers diligently practicing the Cross Chest Carry, the Hair Carry, or the Tired Swimmer ' s Carry. Upon the successful completion of their tests, these participants received certifi¬ cates of merit, proclaiming them to be qualified life savers and instructors in swimming: Dot Wanex, Dick Williams, Tom Flowers, Mary M. Troy. The less proficient, but none-the-less en¬ thusiastic students met Miss Helen Jamart at the Municipal Park each afternoon. The rudiments of strokes, movement, and form were discussed, practised and soon performed. At the conslusion of this ten weeks of sport, tanned and healthy stu¬ dents recalled hours of relaxation and pleasure. 25 PHYSICAL FITNESS FIRST, last and al¬ ways was the theme of the men for the year. Since college for the majority was only preparatory course for some branch of the armed services, athletics meant much to further health. Calisthenics, push¬ ups, horizontal bar work, track and sports kept mind and body alert. When the men were called, they had no fear of being un¬ prepared. And, too, group sports taught cooperation, teamwork, and development. Men from various parts of the shore work¬ ed faithfully together. Although the soccer eleven did not bring too many laurels, the basketball guint made a much better showing. Everyone remembers Schallon ' s baskets and Long ' s excellent playing. In the limelight, too, were Marion Smith, Jimmy Webster, and Bill Wimbrow. ALL OUT for soccer practice tomorrow at three! shouted Goldy Tyler in dismis¬ sing the soccer sguad. State Trooper Tyler, a former S.T.C. student and athlete, as¬ sisted Athletic Director Helen Jamart in training the men. When tomorrow came, every man was present. Since there was such a small number of men, the desire to make the team and do S.T.C. due justice was greater than usual. The team was soon whipped into shape, and the first opponent of the season, Mardela High, met the men on home ground. The score was 4-0, with Mardela High on the long end. On the return visit the score was tied. In spite of the excellent teamwork of Bud Hammer, Charlie Laws, Johnny Long, and Charlie Hemming, the sguad just didn ' t seem to be on the winning side yet. The game with Crisfield brought our first victory. When the team went to Crisfield (followed by two carloads of ardent ad¬ mirers) they were defeated 11 to 3. Even though the field was moved to drier land, it didn ' t seem to be a winning day. Dur¬ ing its season, the team wasn ' t too success¬ ful. At the same time, men who had never played before, learned teamwork in its most challenging form. SOCCER TEAM : Kneeling —Schallon, Laws, Hemming, Harrington, Mil- bourne, Webster. Standing —Holloway, Callaway, Ham¬ mer, Lipow, M. Smith, G. Brown, Shockley, J. Long. 26 SOCIAL ROOM FIREPLACE IN SUMMER CHARM, GRACE and dignity reign over our beautiful Social Room. Whether there ' s a fire blazing on the hearth, or a lazy sum¬ mer ' s breeze drifting in and out the cozy beau corners, the friendly atmosphere is unchanged. It is refreshing to go down on Wednesday afternoons for a cup of tea and a few dainty cookies. Over teacups one finds it easy to chat with faculty mem¬ bers and students, to forget for a short time some of life ' s pressing problems. Or perchance there are a few minutes when you like to get away from everyone and revel in solitude. If that is true, then there in no place more beckoning or peaceful than the Social Room. Though it is one of the loveliest rooms, it is also the busiest. Children from the Campus School, or members of college art classes find many interesting things to draw, paint or sketch. Clubs and organiza¬ tions often choose it for a meeting place. When there ' s a senior class receiving in¬ struction in Community Singing, then BEWARE! These would-be conductors group themselves around the piano. Though the war has altered and in some instances completely abolished the tradi¬ tional Christmas celebrations in places not too far distant from our own portals, we did not give up our beloved candlelight service. As the students, faculty, and friends gathered in the Social Room for this impressive ceremony, they realized more than ever what the Spirit of S.T.C. had come to mean since its inauguration in 1925. Another of our customs which has not changed during these chaotic times is the Sunday evening vesper hour. At six o ' clock the students and teachers come together to enjoy the fellowship of wor¬ ship. The dignity of this exguisitely fur¬ nished room is in harmony with the rever¬ ent attitude of the assembled group. The spaciousness of the Social Room lends itself to many informal receptions for new faculty members and out-of-town visitors. After one of the Salisbury Co¬ operative Association Concerts, the faculty entertained in honor of Mr. Robert Weede, celebrated baritone of the Metropolitan Opera Company. Another reception was held for the outstanding musician, Mrs. Dorothy lohnstone Baseler, a harpist from Philadelphia, who was sponsored by the Wicomico Woman ' s Club. Again, an after dinner coffee was given for one of our most interesting guests, Count de Ghiza, formerly of Russia. Indeed, our Social Room furnishes a beautiful and appropriate setting for for¬ mal or informal affairs. “MUSIC HATH CHARMS” 27 ALL WAS QUIET. Only the tiny beacons, which with a few red rays mark the exits, illuminated the corridors. The zero hour was approaching. The freshmen in the east wing were diligently searching for the knowledge which was said to be stored in their textbooks. (Well! How unusual!) The west wing (more stately abode of fortunate upperclassmen) settled down to complete its nightly guota of lesson plans. Suddenly the dark stillness was broken. Heads jerked away from the books into which they had so carefully been buried. Noise increased as books were laid aside. There was one horrible shriek. For a moment there was that terrifying silence and then, simultaneously, twenty-two doors opened and out bobbed forty-five sleepy heads. Why? Someone had discovered an innocent little mouse in her desk drawer entertaining himself by complacently gnawing on what was once an important reading unit. With a twist of the wrist, the little mousie was soon out cold. Once again those musty pages of the text books were flung open as the scholars 28 went back to work. Under the advisorship of everready-to- help, Miss Ruth, and the officers; Betty Parks, president, Charlotte Widdowson, vice-president, and Betty Brinsfield as sec¬ retary-treasurer, the association has done much that is worthwhile. Remember those Friday night parties with the S.T.C. hep- cats and their conga lines? Remember the hotdog roasts and watermelon picnics? Remember the fun we had on Sunday nights popping corn and making taffy? It was not all fun, unless you call hemming linen and serving at dinners and teas fun. Then, there were the hen sessions, as we listened to such radio programs as the Hit Parade and Inner Sanctum and the girls favorite, This is the Army. Re¬ member how proud we were to wrap bandages, thinking that to be our small share for those in service? Fun, wasn ' t it? Honestly, it is one homey organiza¬ tion, and we have had fun along with the work. Our dream of the future is to make the dorm into one big family and serve as best we can, anywhere we can. WHEN THE PROVERBIAL FROST is on the ' pumkin ' at S.T.C. ye weary students of that institution are prone often to glance wistfully at the calendar painstakingly and count the days ' til Thanksgiving. If the number is too overwhelming he flops down in despair upon whatever is nearest. At this point the only thing that could cheer up him or anyone else in his dilem¬ ma is a trip to the store. No sooner said than done! Having gotten settled down to a coke and light conversation of the ' ' he said, and she said type with dire penalty promised anyone who talks shop, the patient gradu¬ ally relaxes. But, somehow, this year that sort of conversation falls a little bit flat. It ' s Where is your brother stationed now? Will he get home for the holidays? Then you ' ve something special to be thankful for this Thanksgiving! That ' s a topic that is universal in the amount of interest it holds for everyone this year. Somewhat shaken, the patient walks back to school. He ' s wondering just what Mr. America who shoulders a gun both here and abroad will find to be thankful for. He knows that drill and fighting are boresome and dangerous, respectively. So he can ' t be grateful for ease or safe¬ ty. He can ' t be grateful for peace of mind; there ' ll be none for him until the war ' s over. Quite suddenly the patient realizes that there is one thing for which the American freeman in his country ' s service can be thankful for and that one thing is a promise —a promise of a better world on his return —a promise of the continuation of the things he loves, like loyalty and home and the American way and tradition and turkey for Thanksgiving. 29 ROBERT WEEDE, BARITONE CULTURAL OPPORTUNITIES should not be neglected at any time—especially in war time. The Salisbury Cooperative Con¬ cert Association provides a means of bring¬ ing to Salisbury and the surrounding com¬ munities great artists in the world of music- The students have taken advantage of these concerts which are presented in our college auditorium. On Friday night, December 10, 1943, Robert Weede, a baritone, originally from Maryland, charmed his audience in a pro¬ gram of classical music. On February 3, a world renowned violinist, Albert Spalding, gave a magnificent and skillful interpreta¬ tion of the numbers on his program. Mr. Spalding is now overseas with the men of the armed forces. On April 19, the three members of the Bary Ensemble, instrumen¬ talists, gave a delightful program of music one loves. The ensemble was composed of Miss 30 Bary, pianist, Lorna Wren, flutist, Mara Sebriansky, violinist, and Virginia Peter¬ son, ' cellist. Outstanding compositions skilfully interpreted included David Pop¬ per ' s Hungarian Rhapsody , Aria by Handel, and Sonata in E Flat by Ludwig van Beethoven. Are we not fighting for these finer, more spiritual things? We do not want to lose the victory while we are fighting for it, do we? Those of us on the home front must care for this part of our heritage. Remember, we are aiding in this fight. If we destroy spiritual and cultural living, we will have lost the battle while our men are over there fighting for it. Let us, then, preserve and promote our cultural living and keep our country a place worth fighting for! At S. T. C. there are faithful attendants to the guest artists who deserve a tribute. These boys are Dick Gladding, lack Mil- bourne, limmy Webster, and George Brown. ALBERT SPALDING, VIOLINIST WHAT AN OBLIGATION is there to lead Christian lives! What a need is there to radiate the Christian spirit! Perhaps it is heartening that, in these conlused and con¬ fusing war-times, people in seemingly in¬ creasing numbers are striving to under¬ stand Christianity and its power—yes, they are perceiving enduring values. To the task of understanding, furthering and extending Christian principles in the lives of all students at our college, the Christian Association has dedicated itself. It is a challenging and a necessary work. Under the leadership of the president, Kathleen Smithson; her assistants, Ruth Cropper and Mary Wright Silvey; and ad¬ visor, Miss Ruth Powell, the work of the organization has operated in three ways: Sunday evening vespers; social teas; and business meetings. The vesper services have proved inter¬ esting and valuable. Leaders for these well-attended weekly meetings are chosen from the student body, the faculty, or from the community. Especially have the pastors from several of Salisbury ' s many churches been cooperative and helpful in planning our programs. THE CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION: Seated —Silvey, Smithson, Cropper. 1st Row —Davenport, Brinsfield, Cropper, Gibbs, N. Horseman, Richards, Nock, Insley, D. Covington, Hayman, Tull, Parks, Taylor. 2nd Row Many of us will long remember the ex¬ periences narrated by the Reverend Nelson Gage, rector of St. Peter ' s Episcopal Church, of his travels in Europe. Then Dr. J. N. Stewart ' s guestion, Do you know how to destroy the Bible? set us thinking. His answer, Write a better one! evoked more thought. Dr. Stewart is pastor of the Allen Baptist Memorial Church. Mrs. J. D. Blackwell left us a motto: Child likeness, not childishness, and Dr. Ida Belle Thomas emphasized anew the value of friendship. In our effort to help care for the Christian social life, we sponsor teas to which both faculty and students are invited. Here the groups have an opportunity to talk in¬ formally and thus to become better ac- guainted. In our regularly scheduled monthly meetings we discuss ways and means of accomplishing our worthy goals. While our accomplishing our worthy goals. It is up to us, daily, to live as Christians, and to be in readiness for the return of our boys to a post-war world. —Pierce, V. Callahan, Brown, P. Covington, M. Wilson, Rounds, Smith, White, Harrison, J. Callahan, Hyde, I. Mar¬ shall, Dashiell, Brittingham, Wheatley, Hearne. 3rd Row— M. Libis, M. Horsman, Hill, Hopkins, Miss Ruth , Jones, H. Taylor, B. Wilson, Mills, Adams, Kemp, Widdowson. THE SPIRIT OF S.T.C. STRIPPING THE CALENDAR down to its last page stimulates one ' s mind to two ex¬ tremes of thought: retrospective reveries of the happenings of the passing year and anticipation of the Christmas which is to brighten its last days. A serious review of the world during 1943 is enough to destroy the festival ideas. Everywhere one looks he sees the misery of a world in the throes of war. By every possible means of communication, he is brought stories of fear and oppres¬ sion, death and destruction, cruelty and inhumanity. An S. T. C. student has but to walk down the main corridor and to look at the Service Plague between its guarding flags to be reminded of friends and class¬ mates who have gone to help in brighten¬ ing the world once more with principles of freedom and love and democracy. One wonders if Christmas really has a place without them, but, from somewhere a voice that is the Spirit of Christmas an¬ swers, Yes”. The Spirit of Christmas is strong and big. It is as strong as the courage of the men who fight now for Peace on Earth. It is as strong as the hope in the hearts of those who watch at home. It is big enough to fill every country, every home, every 32 heart on earth that is willing to make room for it. The Spirit of Christmas is an epitome of those things for which the men listed on our Servi ce Plague (and other men like them all over the world) are fighting. It is peace and freedom and good will. It is living in warmth and security and helping one ' s neighbor to do likewise. The Spirit of Christmas is the soul of an ideal world. The Spirit of Christmas is clothed in a lot of little things, a lot of little things that belong expressly to it and to each individ¬ ual. It is clothed in holly and mistletoe, Christmas cards and be-ribboned boxes, white candles and carols. S. T. C. has its own beloved tradition. What a story S. T. C. ' s Christmas candle could bring if one could only listen care¬ fully enough to hear it! For nineteen Christ¬ mases it has brought the Christmas Spirit and the Spirit of S. T. C. into the minds of group after group of students. It has heard the old carols and seen pro¬ cession after procession of students carol¬ ing in to put their white candles with those of others already seated on the social room floor. Each year it listens again to the Christmas Story as told by St. Luke and hears Clement Moore ' s delightful verses about St. Nicholas. Perchance it hears whisperings about the contents of the boxes for orphan child¬ ren or some facetious verse included in a home corner present. It sparkles with joy at the sight of each new Christmas tree and sighs at the strategy of the mistletoe. It wonders what old friends are repre¬ sented in Miss Ruth ' s” Christmas card bowl. Perhaps it stores up all the things it sees and hears to tell to the faithful old box that keeps it fresh but never gets to see the festivities. If it does, one can be sure that this year it carried home the good news that Christmas was still alive, still warm, friendly, and happy at S. T. C. THE GLEE CLUB: 1st Row —I. Marshall, Trice, Rounds, Dashiell, White, M. Marshall, Callahan, Hill, Tull, Britton, Hayman. 2nd Row— P. Covington, Brinsfield, Clark, Metcalfe, Hyde, Clendaniel, Harrigan, Grey, D. Covington. 3rd Row —E. Libis, Pierce, M. Libis, Brown, Farlow, Mills, H. Taylor. 4th Row -Horse¬ man, Hopkins, Adams, Timmons, Willard, Smithson, Bloods- worth, Kemp. THIS YEAR, as never before, the inspira¬ tion that music, only, can give was needed. Along with the other organizations of the campus, the Glee Club did its share in keeping up the student morale. Of course, it is true that this organiza¬ tion was touched by the effects of war. For indeed, the two divisions, the Women ' s Chorus and the Men ' s Chorus, were re¬ duced to one because of the drafting of students into the service. Under the guidance of Mrs. Francis B. Fleming and the president, Mary Marshall, this organization carried on. Everyone seemed to enjoy practices and perfor¬ mances for strains of the favorite selec¬ tions, Sylvia , The Four Little Foxes , Begin the Beguine , and numerous other songs, often pervaded the halls. Among the activities in which the club participated were the candle-lighting ser¬ vice before Christmas, one Rotary Club dinner, commencement exercises, and all High-School-Seniors Day. Much credit should be given the college trio, Mary Marshall, Kathleen Smithson, and Jane Grey Bristow, for their numerous perfor¬ mances on various occasions. 33 THE COLLEGE ORCHESTRA this year has been for the most part an experimental group. The members are both beginners in the group and beginners with the instru¬ ments. Many of the members are freshmen who had been participants in their high school organizations. A few are purely new in the game. Under the guidance of Mrs. Francis B. Fleming together with their ambition to learn, the beginners have gained much musical knowledge. The variety of instruments has kept the group from being a band. This variety has made the organization ' ' different ' ' . This year the use of an electric guitar was in¬ troduced as a portion of the string section. The brass section consists of saxophones, trumpets, clarinets, and tuba. Semi-classi- cal marches, and occasional popular tunes have been practiced. The group has not made public ap¬ pearances an objective. Their work has been pure enjoyment and practice for the members. Mildred Simpers has been the talented president of the organization. In addition to her duties as president she has also acted as director on several occasions. ASSEMBLY PROGRAMS form another campus activity which is designed to have enduring values for students and faculty. They provide one time during the busy week of class work and other activities COLLEGE ORCHESTRA: when all may meet together and enjoy that feeling necessary to college life, one¬ ness—belonging to and working for S. T. C. with its . . . all for each and each for all , ideal. Varied, interesting, and stimulating are the words that fitly describe those Tues¬ day morning periods this year. For them much credit is due the members of the As¬ sembly Program Committee: Ruth Crop¬ per, Shirley Smith, and Dr. Ida Belle Thomas. An account of Russian-American pro¬ blems and relationships by the Count de Ghize, former member of the Russian no¬ bility, constituted one of our most engag¬ ing assemblies of the year. Among programs designated band¬ wagon performances were: a skit by the sophomores called What Every Young Girl Should Know ; an excellent musical hour by the Treble Clef Choral Club of the Wicomico Women ' s Club; an exceedingly skilful monologue—Mary Queen of Scots by Saralee Long; a concert by the Wi Hi Band; and the Dramatic Club ' s pleasant surprise, The Strangest Feeling , a satire on intuition. At one assembly hour, we were fortunate to have with us Lt. Eugene Messick, an air-force hero, of Salisbury who had completed fifty missions. This brief resume includes only a few of the assembly programs held this year. Gladding, Laws, Milbourne, Harrington, Simpers, Britton, Dunnock, Hemming, Wimbrow. 34 HIGHER AND HIGHER leaped the flames of bonfires all over Germany, and each time a tongue of fire mounted, millions of printed words became ashes and scot. The enemies of progress believed that the de¬ struction of libraries would wipe out the great truths which were mere dangerous ideas as far as Hitlerism was concerned. The dictator made a mistake. Knowledge and truth live now in the minds of men and in other volumes all over the world. When the war is over, libraries, even in Germany, will be restored in an improved form that has its roots in the conflict. Books have come a long way from the stone and clay tablets used at the dawn of history. After the war it seems inevitable that microfilm will be the material upon which books will be printed. Think of be¬ ing able to enclose a favorite book in a letter to a friend instead of merely sug¬ gesting that he try to get it at his library. The advance over the present volume will be as great, no doubt, as was that of the volume over the tablet. 35 WHAT ARE WE FIGHTING FOR? Why are our boys sacrificing their lives? Is it worth it? Freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from want, and freedom from fear—these are the things that our boys are fighting and dying for. The Baglean-Carnean Society welcomes and adheres to freedom of speech. It pro¬ vides an opportunity for free discussion of local, national, and international pro¬ blems of the present day. Such guestions as these have been raised: What is student government? Will it work at S.T.C? How can we get it? What of the postwar world? What will education for the future be? What will be offered to returning war veterans? How will college curriculums be changed? What part will vocational education play? Out of this developed the theme for High-School-Seniors Day, Education for the Future . On that occasion the follow¬ ing members of the society took part in a panel discussion: Charlotte White, who discusses international education; Bud Hammer, education for returning war veterans; Ruth Hutson, curriculum; and Betty Nock, federal aid to education. Several high schools selected representa¬ tives to present their views in the discus- THE BAGLEAN-CARNEAN SOCIETY: sion. It was then opened to the entire group for guestioning and discussion. The Education for The Future , was given over station WBOC. Other broad¬ casts were open forums concerning na¬ tional and international problems. With the coming of the war, formal debates with nearby colleges have been discontinued because of transportation facilities. The broadcasts over WBOC have replaced these. On May 26, the Baglean-Carnean So¬ ciety and Sophanes Players jointly spon¬ sored a formal dance. Lew Startt ' s orchestra furnished the music and the guests were service men from Chincoteague Naval Air Base. After the resignation of Mr. William Straughn who had been advisor of the society for the last year and a half, Mr. A. L. Fleming was chosen to take his place. He has served as a ve ry competent ad¬ visor to the officers: Isabelle Lynch, presi¬ dent; Betty Nock, vice-president; Shirley Churchill, secretary; and Nellie Wright, treasurer, and to the members of the Bag¬ lean-Carnean Society. Due to inevitable circumstances several members of the society were unable to be present when the picture was made. Our membership numbers twenty-three. Seated —Hammer, Jones, Pierce, Nock, Lynch, Mr. A. L- Fleming, Churchill, Callaway. Standing —Hutson, White, Wright, Trice, Cummins. 36 SOPHOMORE CLASS : Wheatley, S. Smith, Dashiell, Kemp, Mills, R. Cropper, Wid- Seated —H. Taylor, Richards, Hearne, Hyde. 1st Row — dowson. 2nd Row —Gibson, Dr. Florence Simonds, Advisor, Hutson, A. Cropper, G. Brown, N. Horseman, B. Wilson, Laws. THE JUNIOR CLASS of 1944, otherwise known as the terrific thirteen , has come a long way since June, 1943. In that merry month, the first one of the summer, the class members became known as sophisti¬ cated sophomores. The ten weeks that followed were hot and long but were packed to over-flowing with a round of stimulating activities. There were history papers and book reports in American his¬ tory, experiments in physics, studies of Chaucer and Shakespeare in English literature, and oh, so much fun in physical education. Every day the girls (But don ' t forget the males!) could be found on the tennis court and softball diamond or load¬ ing into the station wagon preparatory to going for a swim at the park or lake. As a reward for their summer ' s labor, Eloise Hyde, Jeanette Richards, Irving Saltz, and Hilda Taylor were found among the mem¬ bers on the honor roll. September started off in the traditional way. Before many suns had set, the class officers were elected. Eloise Hyde, Janice Hearne, Jeanette Richards, and Hilda Taylor became the president, vice-presi¬ dent, secretary, and treasurer, respec¬ tively. The sophomores then banded to¬ gether and formulated rules for the in¬ coming freshies . During the week that followed, the sophomore girls had to prove that despite an acute manpower shortage, they could do a thorough job of ruling the lower class. They didn ' t do at all bad, either—how about it girls? On December 17, the sophomore class joined the ranks of the freshmen and juniors and gave the Christmas dance which marked a highlight on the calendar of the year. The Christmas holiday soon speeded by, and on January 4 of the new year the class took up its studies where it had so reluctantly dropped them. All too soon the reckoning day arrived and the students filed by for examination. At the term ' s end, Evelyn Dashiell, Eloise Hyde, Hilda Taylor, and Harriet Wheatley were the honor roll members. Needless to say, the remaining thirteen members—dauntless and bold—were ac¬ cepted into the teacher training program. From that time forth rhythm sticks, mathe¬ matic problems, dish mats, and reading outlines reigned. 37 ... TO SHARE in molding tomorrow ' s better civilization ... A worthy purpose —a worthy dedication! And one to which the graduates of August ' s senior class will ever be true. The accelerated program . . . three regular class years and vacation¬ less summers will remain long in the mem¬ ories of those to be graduated in August, 1944. These persons will assume teaching positions sooner than they would have done under the pre-war curriculum, as did the twenty-two members of the class who were graduated in January. In September of the fateful 1941, eighty- nine freshmen began college life at S.T.C. After studying through sophomore lit , struggling with junior student teaching, succeeding in senior student teaching, and suffering through a third summer school, twenty-one young ladies, who availed themselves of this accelerated curriculum opportunity, are to be graduated. More men than women matriculated in this class, but when Uncle Sam called, the men, one by one, left to serve in some branch of the armed forces. Since the be¬ ginning of the junior year, the class has been manless . A group of seven teachers from the field , who have attended our summer- school sessions plan to complete reguire- ments for their degrees as members of the senior class of August, 1944. Trips to the seashore in the summer months and picnics in the park are memor¬ ies of good times together. Favorite sports 38 enjoyed on their own were archery, tennis, softball, and swimming. In July the long awaited Senior Prom became a real¬ ity. That was a night of all nights for the class of August, 1944! Then it was time to say So long for a while to our class mates and instructors. But, we ' ll return for a get together—as good teachers, we hope! Margaret Jones of Salisbury has served as president of this war-torn class during its senior year. Isabelle Lynch was a capable vice- president and Edith Wilson made a com¬ petent secretary. MARGARET ANN JONES Salisbury, Maryland President, Senior Class .... Vice-President, Day Association .... Baglean-Carnean . . . . Day Association .... Dramatic Club .... Ath¬ letic Association .... Staff .... Christian Association .... modernistic CATHERINE BLOODSWORTH Princess Anne, Maryland SARA ANN BRITTON Crisfield, Maryland Vice-President, Student Council .... Glee Club . . . . Dramatic Club .... Athletic Association . . . . Publications Staff .... Librarian, Glee Club .... Day Association. . . . Orchestra .... Glee Club .... Christian As sociaticn .... Home Association. . . . precise dramatic SHIRLEY E. CHURCHILL Annapolis, Maryland Secretary, Baglean-Carnean .... Christian As¬ sociation .... Dramatic Club. . . . reserved VIRGINIA LEE CALLAHAN Federalsburg, Maryland Vice-President, Dramatic Club .... Athletic Association .... Christian Association . . . . Dramatic Club. . . . queenly Conferring of degree deferred. 39 H. HAZEL DUNNOCK Cambridge, Maryland President, Student Council .... Secretary, Freshman Class .... Athletic Association . . . . Glee Club .... Home Association .... Or¬ chestra. . ..Christian Association .... unusual EDITH ELLEN FARLOW Salisbury, Maryland Baglean-Carnean .... Glee Club .... Athletic Association .... Home Association . . . . Dramatic Club .... Christian Association . . . . Day Association. . . . VIDA MARGUERITE COVINGTON Whitehaven, Maryland Secretary, President, Dramatic Club .... Glee Club .... Athletic Association .... Day Associa¬ tion .... Christian Association. . . . interesting CHARLOTTE GORDY Pocomoke, Maryland President, Athletic Association .... Home As¬ sociation .... Dramatic Club .... Publications Staff. . . . ch ic 40 likeable MARY JANE GREY Snow Hill, Maryland FRANCES J. INSLEY Mardela, Maryland College Trio, Glee Club .... Home Association . . . . Christian Association .... Dramatic Club . . . . Publications Staff. . . . aloof President, Day Students .... Secretary, Day Association .... Secretary, Athletic Association . . . . Baglean-Carnean .... Dramatic Club . . . . Publications Staff .... Christian Associa¬ tion. . . . efficient MARY MARSHALL St. Michaels, Maryland President, Vice-President, Glee Club .... Vice- President, Home Association .... Vice-Presi¬ dent, Sophomore-Junior Class .... Dramatic Club .... Athlectic Association .... Christian Association .... College Trio. . . . demure ISABELLE CLARK LYNCH North East, Maryland President, Vice-President, Baglean-Carnean. . . . Vice-President, Senior Class .... Home Associa¬ tion .... Dramatic Club .... Athletic Associa¬ tion. . . . conscientious Conferring of degree deferred. 41 BETTY COMEGYS NOCK Salisbury, Maryland President, Vice-President, Baglean-Carnean Dramatic Club .... Athletic Association . . . . Day Association .... Glee Club .... Staff . . . . Christian Association. . . . conversational BETTY D. PARKS Fairbank, Maryland President, Home Association .... Glee Club . . . . Dramatic Club .... Christian Association . . . . Athletic Association. . . . imaginative PEARL M. PIERCE Pocomoke, Maryland MILDRED M. SIMPERS North East, Maryland Dramatic Club Glee Club . . . Association. . 42 . . Christian Association .... Baglean-Carnean .... Home argumentative President, Orchestra .... Director, Christian Association .... Athletic Association .... Dramatic Club .... Glee Club .... Home Association. . . . Conferring of degree deferred. witty KATHLEEN SMITHSON Forest Hill, Maryland SARA JANE TIMMONS Hebron, Maryland President, Christian Association .... Secretary, Glee Club .... Dramatic Club .... Home Asso¬ ciation .... Athlectic Association. . . . suave Glee Club .... Dramatic Club .... Athletic Association .... Day Association .... intri guing LETA TRICE Federalsburg, Maryland Editor, Publications Staff .... Director, Chris¬ tian Association .... Glee Club .... Dramatic Club .... Baglean-Carnean .... Home As¬ sociation .... Athletic Association. . . . EDITH ELAINE WILSON Deal Island, Maryland Secretary, Senior Class .... Athletic Associa¬ tion .... Home Association .... Day Association alluring amiable 43 Teachers In Service E. BEATRICE NELSON Crisfield, Maryland Attended Sullens College, Bristol, Virginia . . . . Towson .... Johns Hopkins University . . . . University of Maryland .... Peabody Institute. MARCELLA SMITH BAILEY Elkton, Maryland President, Heme Association .... Athletic As¬ sociation .... Christian Association . . . . Dramatic Club .... Glee Club. IRMA STERLING RIGGIN Crisfield, Maryland Two-year diploma, State Teachers College, Class of 1927 .... President, Carnean Society . . . . Vice-President, Class of 1927 .... Student Council. MARY ELIZABETH SPILMAN ELLIS Salisbury, Maryland President, Class of 1936 .... Baglean Society . . . . Athletic Association .... Home Association . . . . Staff .... Student Council .... Dramatic Club. EDNA D. STURGIS Delmar, Maryland Attended University of Virginia .... University of Maryland. ELIZABETH K. HODGE Crisfield, Maryland Graduated, Western Maryland Preparatory School .... Two-year diploma, Towson, 1925 . . . . Additional work at University of Virginia . . . . Johns Hopkins University .... University of Delaware. MILDRED INSLEY TURNER Nanticoke, Maryland Two-year Diploma, Towson, Class of 1917 . . . . Additional work at Johns Hopkins University . . . . University of Maryland. 44 A LABORATORY-SCHOOL is a school, elementary or secondary, either on or off the campus, which is used for any activity designed to promote the professional train¬ ing and education of teachers. The laboratory-school of the Salisbury State Teachers College is conducted on the assumption that the child, or the adult, learns only through experience and that there are four ways of getting experience. The most elemental form of learning, or getting experience is through participa¬ tion. This method emphasizes the fact that learning is an active process and that the application of knowledge, or its ac- guisition, is accomplished by taking part, by doing something, the final and inevi¬ table learn to do by doing . But this is only a partial prescription for learning as the amount of participation for any one individual is limited, so the student is given a second and somewhat broader means of getting experience, namely ob¬ servation. After he has participated his power of observation is enhanced. But again the amount of observation of the in¬ dividual is limited and the student needs a still broader means of getting experience. The third way of getting experience is through conversation. Talking to other people and being talked to, especially in groups, are effective ways of acguiring ex¬ perience. The lecture, for example, is a very effective way of sharing the exper¬ iences of one who has widely participated and observed. Acguirir.g experience, through conversation like the means of participation and observation, has its limi¬ tations. This leads to the fourth way of ac¬ guiring experience, viz, reading. This method has no limitations and hence offers the greatest opportunity for learning. Through these four means we learn and develop. Each of the four is mutually help¬ ful to the other three. Hence the basic pro¬ blem of conducting a laboratory-school is to vary teaching procedure with the view of maintaining a proper ratio between the four means of getting experience as we teach both the child and the student teacher. The accompanying pictures were taken with the view of showing typical activities conducted in harmony with the above basic assumption. 45 ALL TYPES OF GUIDED ACTIVITIES genuinely extend and enrich the exper¬ iences of boys and girls. Reading, the cen¬ ter of all activities, contributes richly to the expanding experiences of pupils. It helps children to develop concepts and appreciation of great value to them in un¬ derstanding and making adjustments to life situations. It is our aim as teachers to help pupils to learn to live intelligently both as individuals and as members of a democratic society. This means to take into consideration their reactions to what they read. Children should not only be led to recognize essential facts or ideas presented, but reflect on their signifi¬ cance, evaluate them critically, discover relationship between them, and apply them to their own mode of thinking and of acting. Our challenging responsi¬ bility is to increase reading efficien¬ cy in all grades and to guide growth in the ability to meet effectively every¬ day problems. IN THE PRIMARY GRADES we try to make children more observant. We want to help them to see more, and think more, and talk more. We do this mainly in a group situation with children learning from each other as well as from the teacher. In a social studies program we utilize life situa¬ tions of interest to the child. The study unit Traveling in Air ' ' encouraged child¬ ren to be more observant, read more books, stories and clippings, find pictures and maps, tell stories and write experi¬ ences. Planning activities, sharing respon¬ sibilities, using freedom intelligently, and taking an active part as a leader and also as a follower were the significant features. WORKSHOP ACTIVITIES have many ed¬ ucational values. They furnish opportuni¬ ties of study and work for pupils with their varied abilities, skills, and interests; and give each individual a way to express his ideas. Many children learn most readily when given the opportunity to handle con¬ crete materials. If guided to develop skills in using this material independently, effi¬ ciently and economically, a more com¬ petent citizen will be developed. Child¬ ren ' s interests created are carried into the home where they find more materials that will help carry on additional projects. A life long interest may develop in activities of industry by starting work in a school shop. Many of our American ideals and ways of work are developed through initi¬ ated activities from which each child grows in attitudes, interests, concepts, skills, critical thinking, and social adapta¬ bility. 47 THE ANNUAL HIGH SCHOOL Confer¬ ence Day, as in previous years, high¬ lighted early spring activity. At the initial meeting of the Steering Committee it was decided to have the conference on Friday, March 31st. Action began early and con¬ tinued until midnight of March 31 to make the trek to Salisbury State Teachers Col¬ lege a memorable occasion for S.T.C. ' s high school senior guests. Conference opened at four o ' clock with registration in the main office. Mr. Paul Huffington, assisted by Mrs. Rosalie Griffith, officiated. At four-fifteen some three hun¬ dred guests and S.T.Ceans assembled in the main auditorium to hear a panel dis¬ cussion entitled Youth Looks at Postwar Education . Four members of the Baglean- Carnean Society, Betty Nock, Ruth Hut¬ son, Charlotte White, and Clarence Ham¬ mer served as host members on the panel over which Isabelle Lynch, president of the society, presided. Each high school repre¬ sented at the conference had a spokesman whose contribution proved stimulating and valuable. At five-fifteen the audience dis¬ banded with a feeling of thrill and hope at future American education. At five-thirty everyone gathered in the dining hall for dinner. Already intellec¬ tually stimulated by the panel discussion, delicious food revived physical energy so that at the close of the meal gayety was the predominant mood. Tours through the building followed. Each dinner host escorted his guest over the physical plant, leaving out nothing from the food pantry to Diana (undecorated!) The evening program was full. At seven, activity got underway by a glee club pro¬ gram, featuring American music and the 1 ' Alma Mater ' ' . Then followed the moment of intense excitement when Dr. Blackwell opened the fateful, eventful envelopes. S.T.C. ' s choice of her campus leaders was announced, and every person present felt proud of those winners so esteemed by those who know them best. The coveted titles of Miss S.T.C. and Best All- 48 Around Man were won by Catherine Bloodsworth and lohn Walter Long, be¬ lieved by their fellow collegians to have those gualities of leadership, personal¬ ity, trustworthiness, cooperation, physical fitness, and to have made an outstanding contribution to life at S.T.C., to place them above the average. The honor of being May Queen was won by Virginia Lee Callahan as that girl possessing the poise, dignity, charm, grace, and beauty of face and figure to en¬ dow her to rule as Queen of the May. lohn Walter Long was chosen as the man best fitted to escort her to her gueenly throne. Frances Insley, a senior, was chosen best woman athlete by virtue of her sports¬ manship and participation in athletic events. Richard Schallon by the same virtues was chosen best man athlete. The title Most Literary, won by that per¬ son believed most highly endowed with both the appreciative and creative talents, went to Mary Elizabeth Ellis. The singing of Alma Mater appro¬ priately closed the auditorium session and the audience moved to the gymnasium to witness the Gym Exhibition. To say that the exhibition of physical fitness was timely omits mention of its beauty and cleverness. The girls acguitted them¬ selves with honor, and they and Miss Jamart deserved the hand they received. The men ' s contribution to the evening ' s fun was a basket-ball game. The audience was American; the sport basketball; the teams were in fine tether. Need more be said? Culminating the agenda of the day was the annual Conference Dance. Nice guests make a nice party; S.T.C. ' s hospitality was at a peak; Lew Startt ' s men played with inspiration; in toto, everything and every¬ body was hep to the jive . At twelve-thirty au revoirs were said. The memory of voices saying, We ' ve had such a nice time; ' ' answered by ' ' So have we. Please come again , lingered on long after the day was ended. SOPHANES PLAYERS : Silvey as Henrietta Pickens, Norma Mills as Ethel Pickens, The cast from left to right —Edward Holloway as Matthew Nancy Lee Harrigan as Louise Collier, and Bill Louis Shock- Pickens, Joanne Disharoon as Naomi Pickens, Mary Wright ley as Johnnie Banks, in The Strangest Feeling . WORK IN DRAMATICS constitutes an in¬ tegral part of morale building, develops desirable personal characteristics, and gives speech training for participants in such organizations. The Strangest Feel¬ ing was presented for the organization, and later for an assembly where it was enthusiastically received. Outstanding programs given this year as part of regular once-a-month Monday evening meetings included: The Pro¬ posal . Saralee Long, Edward Gladding, and Edward Holloway took leading parts in The Proposal . loanne Disharoon, Mary Wright Silvey, Norma Mills, Nancy Lee Harrigan, Bill Louis Shockley, and Edward Holloway took outstanding parts in ' ' The Strangest Feeling ' ' . In addition to actual play production the work of the club included such other activities as a monologue, Mary, Queen of Scots by Saralee Long; a make-up demonstration by Martha Libis and Mrs. William H. Bennett, advisor of the group; a fashion revue of ladies attire from the seventeenth century to the modern day; and a program of tap dancing, piano music, and selected readings. In collaboration with the Baglean-Car- nean Society, the Sophanes Players spon¬ sored a formal dance on May 26. One of the most successful plays pre¬ sented this year for the club was When Shakespeare ' s Ladies Meet by Charles George. The characters were Katherine from The Taming of the Shrew enacted by Elizabeth Spilman Ellis, Besdemcna from Othello” by Betty Wilson, Ophelia from Hamlet by lacquelin Lord, Portia from The Merchant of Venice by Thelma Kleger, Cleopatra from Antony and Cleopatra by Mary Wright Silvey, and Juliet from Romeo and Juliet by Evelyn Dashiell. The ladies meet in Juliet ' s garden in Verona to give Juliet advice in the art of love and wind up getting a few lessons themselves. Quotations from the pen of Shakespeare heightened the appreciation of the audience. The officers selected to lead the So¬ phanes Players were Marguerite (Deedie) Covington, president; Virginia Lee Calla¬ han, vice-president; Betty Jane Britting- ham, secretary. 49 CATHERINE BLOODSWORTH VIRGINIA LEE CALLAHAN OHN WALTER LONG FRANCES INSLEY RICHARD SCHALLON MARY E. S. ELLIS BEFITTING HER CHARM, poise, and dignity, Virginia Lee Callahan, of Fed- eralsburg, won the coveted title May Queen . lohn Walter Long won a second honor, that of Queen ' s Escort. Because of her cooperation, her vivid personality, her leadership, her trust¬ worthiness, her contribution to the college, and her physical health, Catherine Bloods- worth, of Princess Anne, received the honor of bearing title of Miss S.T.C. The same gualifications pertain to Best 50 All-Round Man, whose title was won by lohn Walter Long, also of Princess Anne. Appreciating, writing, and knowing good literature won Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Spilman Ellis, formerly of Hagerstown, the title of Most Literary. Mrs. Ellis now lives in Salisbury. Best Woman Athlete of 1943-44 revealed the name of Frances Insley as the leader. Richard Schallon, of Salisbury, was chosen as Best Man Athlete because of his athletic record. V , They Reigned in Preceding Years DOROTHY SIDDONS 1942 and WILLIAM NEWCOMB BEST ALL-AROUND MAN KATHLEE PUSEY — 1938 BETTIE HARCUM 1936 the college library STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE SALISBURY. MARYLAND JANE TIMMONS — 1943 ACHIEVEMENT! WHAT DOES IT MEAN? To us, at S.T.C., achievement means the accomplishment of our tasks, the attain¬ ment of our ideals, and the realization of our dreams. Symbolizing these worthy attributes, the State Teachers College Achievement Key is a reward coveted by all and received by only the most worthy. Four women students proved themselves MARY WRIGHT SILVEY ELOISE HYDE so adept in scholarship and leadership that they have gualified for this prized key. Mary Wright Silvey, vice-president of the freshman class, accompanied the Glee Club in its performance throughout the year, and also was an active member of the Sophanes Players. As one of the freshman representatives on the Student Council, Betty Brinsfield had ample opportunity to demonstrate her ability. And, in her position as cub re- 52 porter on the Publications Staff, Betty also was invaluable. Eloise Hyde, who has led her class in scholastic record for the past two years, has served as president of the junior class, member of the Glee Club, and reporter on the Publications Staff. Her outstanding ability proclaims her worthy of our key of merit. The senior class president, Margaret MARGARET JONES lones, was a member of the Baglean-Car- nean Society, and a reporter on the Publi¬ cations Staff. Margaret, too, has held scholastic honors, but student teaching has brought out a better, a finer guality of leadership. To you, Mary Wright, Betty, Eloise, and Margaret, for your contributions to our college, we present the 1944 Achievement Key. Treasure it, for it is a symbol of your meritorious effort! NURSES AIDE CLASSES, surgical dress¬ ing hours, and jobs on Saturdays and after class hours, challenge one ' s ability to study and to budget time in order to ex¬ cell in college studies. Yet there are some real students who can incorporate extra activities, jobs, and studies and emerge with high scholastic honors. won the scholastic award. In addition, she, too, worked after hours and on Saturdays. Eloise is a most conscientious student at all times. She enjoys sports and fun! As president of the senior class, Mar¬ garet Jones has proved her leadership. In the classroom she has excelled in her con¬ tributions, and she, tco, has been able to MARY WRIGHT SILVEY MARGARET JONES ELOISE HYDE MILDRED MURPHY Mary Wright Silvey already has shown that she can act as accompanist for the Glee Club, take part in dramatics, play basketball, and hold down a Saturday job and yet lead the freshman class scholas¬ tically. Her friendly attitude and her un¬ failing smile have won the attention of every student here. President of the junior class, Eloise Hyde, who lead her class last year, again work after class hours. To the students she has been a cheery, cooperative senior. Mildred Murphy, a member of the Janu¬ ary class, showed exceeding ability as a teacher in her classroom. At S.T.C. Murph was a delightful person to know, and was a studious senior. She was co¬ editor of Publications during her junior year. 53 State Superintendent of Schools THOMAS G. PULLEN, Jr. A.B., A.M., Ed. D. A.B. College of William and Mary, Williams¬ burg, Virginia . . . A.M. and Ed.D., Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. 54 President of the College JEFFERSON D. BLACKWELL B.S., A.M., Ph.D., undergraduate work, Southeast Missouri State Teachers College, Cape Girardeau, Missouri. B.S., Uni- sity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. . . . A.M., Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. . . . Ph.D., The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. 55 Director o£ Teacher Training THOMAS J. CARUTHERS B.S., A.M., Ed.D., undergraduate work, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. B.S., Southeast Missouri State Teachers College, Cape Girardeau, Missouri. . . . A.M., Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. . . . continued study at Teachers College, Columbia University. Ed.D., New York University, New York. 56 Social Director RUTH F. C. POWELL B.S., Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. 57 LUCY W. BENNETT, A.B., A.M. Literature, Public Speaking A.B. degree, Randolph-Macon Women ' s College, Lynchburg, Virginia. . . . A.M., Columbia College, Columbia University, New York. . . . graduate work, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, and special dramaticwork with Robert Porterfield at Barter Theater, Abingdon, Virginia and with Charles Coburn at Mohawk Theater, Schenectady, New York. BERNICE L. BRADY, A.B., M.S. Laboratory School, First and Second Grades A.B., University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. . . . graduate work University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. M.S., Oklahoma A. and M. College, Stillwater, Oklahoma. ANNA JONES COOPER Assistant Librarian Normal school diploma, State Teachers College, Salisbury, Maryland. . . . special study of library technique, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. 58 ARKLIE L. FLEMING, B.S., A.M. Registrar, Economics, Sociology Undergraduate work, Tennessee Polytechnic Institute, Cooke¬ ville, Tennessee. B.S., State Teachers College, Murfreesboro, Tennessee. . . . A.M., George Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville, Tennessee. . . . special research, West Georgia College, Carrollton, Georgia. FRANCIS BELCHER FLEMING, B.S., A.M. English, Music Undergraduate work for B.S. degree, State Teachers College Murfreesboro, Tennessee. . . . A.M., George Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville, Tennessee. JAMES F. GLENN, A.B., M.S. Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics A.B., University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Caro¬ lina. . . . M.S., New York University. . . . Graduate work toward Ph.D. at New York University and Columbia University, New York. Second semester. 59 ROSALIE F. GRIFFITH, A.B. Secretary to the President A.B., Goucher College, Baltimore, Maryland . . . special train¬ ing, Eaton and Burnett Business College, Baltimore, Maryland. PAUL E. HUFFINGTON, A.B., A.M. Registrar A.B. and A.M., University of Maryland, College Park, Mary¬ land. Second semester. HELEN L. JAMART Physical Education and Hygiene Undergraduate work in physical education, Harvard University School of Physical Education, Cambridge, Massachusetts. . . . graduate study, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. 60 GLADYS LEWIS Assistant Librarian Three-year normal school diploma, Maryland State Teachers College, Salisbury, Maryland. ANNE H. MATTHEWS, A.B., A.M., Ed.D. Supervisor of Student Teaching, English Undergraduate work, State Teachers College, Kirksville, Missouri; the State University, Boulder, Colorado. . . . A.B., State College of Education, Greeley, Colorado. . . . A.M., Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. . . . con¬ tinued study at Teachers College, Columbia University. Ed.D., New York University, New York. . . . summer session at Cam¬ bridge University, Cambridge, England. HENRIETTA S. PURNELL, B.S., A.M. Art, Geography Undergraduate work, State Teachers College, Frostburg, Mary¬ land; The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. B.S., Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. . . . A.M., Teachers College, Columbia University. . . . special study Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, and at Boothbay Harbor, Maine. 61 PAULINE RIALL, B.S., A.M. Laboratory School, Third and Fourth Grades Undergraduate work, State Teachers College, Towson, Mary¬ land; University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. Uni¬ versity of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. . . . B.S., Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. . . . A.M., Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. FLORENCE T. SIMONDS, B.S., M.S., Ph.D. Biological Sciences Undergraduate work at George Washington University, Wash¬ ington, D.C., B.S., University of Maryland, College Park, Mary¬ land. . . . work for M.S. and Ph.D., United States Department of Agriculture Graduate school, Washington, D. C. University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. WILLIAM R. STRAUGHN, B.S., M.S. Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics Undergraduate work State Teachers College, Mansfield, Pennsylvania. B.S., Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsyl¬ vania. . . . graduate work, New York University, New York. M.S., Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. 62 IDA BELLE WILSON, B.S., A.M., Ed.D. Social Sciences Undergrauate work, State Teachers College, Towson, Mary¬ land. B.S., Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. . . . A.M., Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. .... graduate work, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Ed.D., New York University, New York. MARGARET V. WEANT, B.S., A.M. Laboratory School, Fifth and Sixth Grades Undergraduate work, State Teachers College, Towson, Mary¬ land. B.S., The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Mary¬ land. . . . A.M., Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. 63 Ijpfl On Leave in Service PAUL S. HYDE, A.B., A.M. Laboratory School, Seventh Grade Undergraduate work, State Teachers College, Towson, Mary¬ land. A.B., Western Maryland College, Westminster, Mary¬ land. . . . A.M., Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. . . .on leave of absence for service in the United States Naval Reserve with the rank of Lieutenant. GRACE STRICKLAND CHAIRES, A.B., B.S., A.M. Librarian A.B., Washington College, Chestertown, Maryland. . . . B.S., Drexel Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. . . . graduate work, Columbia University, New York. A.M., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. ... on leave to serve in the Women ' s Reserve of the United States Navy with the rank of Ensign. BENN MAGGS, B.S., A.M. Physical Education, Orchestra B.S., Teachers College, East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. . . . graduate work at The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. A.M., New York University, New York. ... on leave for service in the United States Navy with the rank of Lieu¬ tenant (j.g.). 64 On Leave in Service MARGARET H. BLACK, A.B. Music, College Chorus On leave in service Undergraduate work, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. Pennsylvania State College, State College, Penn¬ sylvania. B.S., University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware. . . . on leave to serve as Senior Hostess, Army Specialist Corps. JOHN B. MAY, A.B., A.M., Ph.D. English, Psychology, Philosophy Undergraduate work, Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, Vir¬ ginia. A.B., University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. . . . A.M. and Ph.D., University of Virginia. ... on leave for service in the United States Army with the rank of Corporal. HENRY B. NELSON Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds Training and discipline, University of Hard Knocks”. . , . seven years of service to nation in United States Navy. . . .on leave of absence for duty in the United States Merchant Marine as Commander E. 65 F M ILfflak w j|2j Shri ll squeals of delight announce the good news to everyone. JIM is coming tomorrow from camp! But, alas and alack, the new outfit hasn’t been bought vet. What to do? T hen you remember that SCIILEISNER’S, only a few minutes away, can outfit vou from head to toe in the latest fashions. They can furnish you with any¬ thing from frothy lingerie to a super evening dress. Gay assortments of mix and matchable sweaters, skirts, and blouses; the latest in millinery — are onlv a few of the up-to-the-minute style notes found at SCIILEISNER’S. Ofll Love, LJrace Another picture ready for the best beau. He’ll never forget you, not with such a grand picture, which PHOTO-LITE STUDIO excels in. mu And when he conies home on leave, remind him that turn about is fair play, so take him to PHOTO-LITE STUDIO. You will be as pleased with his picture as he was with yours. “Orchids for remembrance” tra-la-la-la-la. In this case, though, it is only one orchid in question. Big dance tonight, tra-la, la! But don’t let the orchid fool you. CULVER’S FLOWER SHOP handles all kinds of flowers — Roses, Carnations, Tulips, Sweet peas, and Gardenias, so when — it’s FLOWERS, it’s CULVER’S FLOWER SHOP 67 S alisbury TATE RANSIT EACHERS OMPANY OLLEGE Just looking at this picture will show you that STC and STC go hand in hand. Right to the front steps, the busses come at convenient times the year round. The added blessing is the saving on your oh, so precious shoe stamps. SALISBURY TRANSIT COMPANY busses take you anywhere, anytime. (P. S. — Inside the city limits.) Continuing through the emergency, CIT¬ IZENS GAS COMPANY still manages to supply the families of Salisbury and surroundings as it has been doing in past years. You can rely on their dependable service which continues now as always. Citizens Gas C o . 68 D E L M A R V A Oh, golly! Coke all down the front of my new dress and on Joe’s suit, too. What shall I do? Here’s a friendly tip to anyone in such a predicament. DEL- MAR-VA DRY CLEANERS can make soiled clothing look like new. They’ll have that dress J and suit ready for the next Jam Session. SHOPS FOR COLLEGIANS BeMMutunl . . . Salibhusui QUALITY IS THE DIFFERENCE THAT TELLS ” 69 Passing Review of STC War is changing the world and its peo¬ ple. Living everywhere has been speeded to such a terrific rate that one has little time to stop and enjov the simple but im¬ portant things of life. I he belligerent action of nations has had its effect upon the colleges of the country, and STC has not been excluded from the whirlpool of affairs. The student body of the college has been greatlv re¬ duced, for duty has called forth men and women. The college for teachers, which was once brimming with fun and activities, has slowed down considerably, There is still a great deal of merriment around the college, but there is a longing for the once- present jolly comrades who are now fight¬ ing in various parts of the world for the Four Freedoms. Of them we are thinking and praying. 1 lie buildings and campus of STC have not changed. The college remains always as a guiding light and hope for the future. Around the old place there is still the feel¬ ing of friendliness, hospitality, and beauty which are so essentially a part of a college. As a review of STC, past and present, we have added this year a pictorial section. We hope you like the memories which these old, but forever new, scenes recall. 70 MEN! Here’s The Shop For Your Fashions! Ralph Gaskill Salisbury Best Wishes — Class of 1944 BENNETT DRUG CO. Cor. West Main and South Division Streets 71 “Salisbury College, School of gracious beauty, Thy portals stand An open door, Through which we enter Li ' es of deeper wisdom. Oh, we shall love Thy name for evermore.” . . . Alma Mater Compliments of VICTOR LYNN EXPRESS COMPANY Salisbury Recaps- Buy at the ESSO I Sign J Davis Station Complete Line of Esso Products E. Main Street Phone: 1635 or 2461 COMPLIMENTS OF PENINSULA PHARMACY South Division Street Russell P. White JEWELER Division Street at Main Salisbury Kirk Sterling Silver • • • _ 307 W. Main Street Salisbury ACE Shoe Repairing EXPERT SHOE SHINING M. G. Phillips, Prop. With Scientific Accuracy III - MILEAGE TREADS PHONE 1283 • • • - E. G. DAVIS CANDY CO. Wholesale Confectioners Distributors SCIIRAFFT’S CHOCOLATES BLACKMAN’S FOUNTAIN SYRUPS Salisbury, Maryland • • • - G. E. ROUNDS CO. Wholesale FRUITS and PRODUCE Salisbury, Maryland • • • - EDWARD’S Shoe Store Salisbury Maryland 73 We Planned For Today 5 Years Ago Of course, we didn’t foresee the war. But we did anticipate a growing America and an accompanying need for faster, more efficient transporta¬ tion. Moreover, as one of America’s great bus lines, we accepted our responsibility to meet this need. The results are many modern improvements . . . improvements that have multiplied the speed and comfort for your travel throughout the Eastern Shore, Baltimore, Washington, and Philadelphia . . . also, in making connections with other major bus lines. Plan All Necessary Trips In Modern Comfort V. r 74 In this view of the Social Room the Beau Corners are hiding. 75 LEWIS MORGAN SON PLUMBING HEATING Salisbury H. O. LANGRALL Home Furnishings 117-119 Market Street Salisbury C. A. BLIZZARD Jeweler SALISBURY’S MOST COMPLETE REPAIR SHOP Phone 780 COMPLIMENTS F. W. Woolworth Co. 222 Main Street Salisbury 76 FOTOS That tell your story with Outstanding Distinction SALISBURY • • • Important Spots Along the Lower Hall Post Office — Most frequented spot on the campus Day students’ room J ’way hack when Light in the hall en¬ trance which we hope will never talk « • • Better Crops With TILGHMAN FERTILIZERS Salisbury 77 Milk is Good Health • • • _ “MEMORY MOMENTS” Every Sunday — 7:15 P. M. - WBOC - Hill and Johnson Funeral Home SALISBURY 78 CITY DAIRY Phone 521 High lights of Auditorium means MORE to you Remember this name when you buy home fur¬ nishings, men’s wear, women’s wear and the smart¬ est in accessories. For it means more varied selec¬ tions, finer designs, more complete services, more of the best known names, more value for your money. This name is your assurance of correct¬ ness, good taste and of a quality that means lasting satisfaction. ★ Buy War Bonds Now . . . To Pay for a Richer Life Tomorrow. ★ 79 YOUR HOME! FURNISH IT WITH FINE QUALITY FURNITURE FELDMAN BROTHERS Salisbury . . . • • • • • • COMPLIMENTS FARMERS AND MERCHANTS BANK Salisbury, Md. Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. J. J. Newberry Co. Salisbury Maryland • • • • • • DIXON’S Jewelers DIAMONDS, WATCHES, SILVERWARE Wicomico Hotel Salisbury, Md. COMPLIMENTS OF VERNON H. POWELL SHOE STORE 80 John H. Dulany Son Packers of High Quality Canned and Frozen Foods Fruitland, Maryland Salisbury Advertiser Designers of Distinctive P r i n ting Salisbury Maryland J J 81 ENGLISH GRILL famous for fine Wicomico Garage rf W e Never Sleep” food Agent GREYHOUND BUS LINES Salisbury Maryland 82 Preston W. Burbage O J e iv e l e r Main Street off Market Street Salibsbury e • • _ J. C. PENNEY CO. The World ' s Largest Department Store Main Street Salisbury • • • _ Better Floors Covered by Experts BOZM AN’S in Salisbury O • • - COMPLIMENTS OF Benj. J. Silverstein “UNCLE BEN” COMPLIMENTS OF THE P e p s i - C o 1 a Bottling Company THE GORDY DRUG CO. SALISBURY’S PRESCRIPTION PHARMACY Free Delivery Phone 809 313 E. Main Street Salisbury, Md. • • • - Avery W. Hall Insurance FIRE — MARINE — AUTO Phone 772 Salisbury • • • W. E. SHEPPARD CO. WHOLESALE GROCERS Salisbury, Md. 83 I 84 Everything Needed for Building 1893 - 1944 ' Tor tomorrow’s home — BUY WAR BONDS today.” 85 Hopes and Prayers for the Future 86 College Directory FRESHMEN Adams, Helen Easton Brinsfield, Betty Vienna Brittingham, Betty Jane Salisbury Brown, George Perryville Callahan, Josephine Cordova Callaway, William Salisbury Clark, Betsey Salisbury Clendaniel, Laura Denton Covington, Margaret - Queenstown Crockett, Frances Quantico Cummins, Bonnie Lee Salisbury Davenport, Norma Jean Vienna Disharoon, Joanne Salisbury English, Elsie Salisbury Gambill, James Rising Sun Gibbs, Betty Ocean City Gladding, Edward Pocomoke Griffin, Regina Union Bridge Hammer, Clarence Rising Sun Harrington, William Salisbury Harris, Hilda Snow Hill Hemming, Charles Salisbury Harrigan, Nancy Lee Tacoma Park Harrison, Nanetta Mardela Hayman, Mildred Lee Kingston Hearn, Mary Ellen Delmar Hill, Lillian Princess Anne Hillman, Betty Lee Salisbury Holloway, Edward Salisbury Hopkins, Etta Lou Salisbury Horsman, Margaret Vienna King, Phillip Salisbury Kleger, Thelma Salisbury Libis, Martha Federalsburg Lipow, Alvin Salisbury Long, John Walter Princess Anne Long, Saralee Salisbury Lord, Jacguelyn Salisbury Marshall, Iona Aireys Metcalfe, Francis Salisbury Milbourne, Jack Crisfield Neale, Tcm Salisbury Owens, Jean Salisbury Pctts, Frances Salisbury Powell, Marilea Salisbury Rounds, Virginia Schallon, Richard Shockley, Bill Smith, Marion Silvey, Mary Wright Taylor, Doris Lee Tyndall, Edward - Tull, Elsie Webster, James White, Charlotte - White, Helen Willard, Marita Williams, Virginia Wilson, Margaret Wimbrow, William Withers, Roy Wright, Nellie Pittsville Salisbury Parsonsburg Salisbury Salisbury Easton Salisbury Berlin Princess Anne Salisbury Deal Island Salisbury Drayden Ocean City Salisbury Salisbury Hebron JUNI ORS Brown, Gladys Cropper, Alberta Cropper, Ruth Dashiell, Evelyn Fuller, June Gibson, Calvin Gambrill, Mrs. Helen Horsman, Norma Hearne, Janice Hutson, Ruth Hyde, Mrs. Eloise Laws, Charles Kemp, Margaret Mills, Norma Richards, Jeannette Smith, Shirley Taylor, Hilda Widdowson, Charlotte Wilson, Elizabeth Wheatley, Harriet Berlin Berlin Marumsco Mardela Willards Crisfield Preston Bivalve Secretary Kitzmiller Salisbury Ocean City St. Michaels Hebron Westover Easton Hurlock Princess Anne Salisbury Hurlock SENIORS, AUGUST 1944 Bailey, Marcella Smith Bloodsworth, Catherine Britten, Sara Ann Callahan, Virginia Churchill, Shirley Elkton Princess Anne Crisfield Federalsburg Eastport 87 Covington, Marguerite Whitehaven Gross, Edith .... Rocks Dunnock, Hazel Cambridge Jackson, Lois Page Princess Anne Ellis, Mary Elizabeth Salisbury Libis, Ellen - - - - Federalsburg Farlow, Edith .... Salisbury Mezick, Norma Tyaskin Gordy, Charlotte Pocomoke Murphy, Mildred Charleston Grey, Jane .... Snow Hill Noble, Ann .... Oriole Insley, Frances - Mardela Pittman, Lois - - - - Grasonville Jones, Margaret Salisbury Pranis, Marion Riverton Lynch, Isabelle North East Pusey, Orpah - - - - Princess Anne Marshall, Mary - St. Michaels Reinhold, Mary Ann Denton Nock, Betty .... Salisbury Riley, Ann - - - - Parsonsburg Parks, Betty .... Fairbank Ruark, Marylee Ocean City Pierce, Pearl .... Pocomoke Schmick, Edna Preston Simpers, Mildred North East Truitt, Iris .... Hebron Smith son, Kathleen Forest Hill Wanex, Dorothy Secretary Timmons, Jane Hebron Wood, Elizabeth North East Trice, Leta. Federalsburg Wood, Mary Jane North East Wilson, Edith Deal Island Young, Marie - - - - Salisbury SENIORS, JANUARY 1944 IRREGULAR Adkins, Norma .... Salisbury Mrs. Mae W. Turner Oriole Brown, Betty .... Federalsburg Ethel Dickerson Salisbury Cooper, Rhoda Ann Quantico Jacinta Allemand Salisbury Downing, Virginia Lee Hebron Graham F. Senter Delmar 88 Index Achievement Key Winners - - - 52 Alumni - - - — - 6 , 7, 8 , 9 Athletic Association Men ' s ------- 26 Women ' s ------ - 23 Assemblies - -- -- --34 Baglean-Carnean Society - - - 36 Campus Elementary School - - 45, 46, 47 Campus Leaders ----- 50 Christian Association - - - - 31 Christmas - -- -- --32 Classes Freshman ------ 20 Sophomore - - - - - - 37 Senior — August 1944 - - - 38-44 Senior — January 1944 - - - 10-18 Cooperative Concerts — - - - 30 Dances --------21 Diary ------ 10, 11, 17 Dramatic Club ------ 49 Faculty ------- 54-63 Faculty in Service - - - 64-65 Freshmen Class ------ 20 Glee Club - -- -- --33 High School Seniors ' Day - - - - 84 Home Association 28 Key Winners 52 Laboratory School -45, 46, 47 Library - - - 35 May Day - - - - - - - 51 May Queens - 50-51 Men ' s Association - - - - 22 Miss Ruth ' s Portrait - - 6 Orchestra - - - 34 Pictorial Section and Ads - 66-86 Publications Staff - - - 4, 5 Scholastic Leaders - - - 53 Service Dance - 21 Service Men - 8 , 9 Soccer - - - - - - - 26 Softball ----- 24 Sophanes Players 49 Sophomore Class - - 37 Staff - - - 4, 5 Student Council - 19 Swimming - - - - 25 Summer School - 27 Teachers in Service - - 44 Thanksgiving - - - - - - 29 89 .Chicago JAHN OLLIER AGAIN This crest of service and quality is the hallmark of America ' s largest Yearbook designing and photoengraving organization. JAHN OLLIER ENGRAVING CO. Makers of Fine Printing Plates for Black and Color Artists and Photographers 817 W. WASHINGTON BLVD. CHICAGO, ILL. 91 92 I I « s name ■ 7 . . - .v - ’ ’ • ■ ' ’ • ■ ' : • . •:-v ' . ' I $ m ■. - ; - v ; :■ i I ' i ' y- • I ■ . : ••• • ' • •• • • • .. :•, • ' . . : ' ‘ ■ ‘ i. ‘ {’ ' ' J . • ■ • ' •, . • ... •... -■ ' ■ ;• • ■ ' ■ •.;••••; ;V. ‘ V.V-.. •� j ' ., J; ■ , r VW ' y, ... -