Salem State University - Clipper Yearbook

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john Winthrop was chosen by the newly formed Massachusetts Bay Company to take its charter, and thus the seat of its govern- ment, from London to New England. He ar- rived in Salem on the ship ARBELLA on June 10, 1630, followed by fifteen other ships, ad- ding about a thousand colonists and their cargo to the few already here. These were too many for Salem to absorb. Within a few months Winthrop moved his capital to Charlestown and thence to Boston. No longer a fishing or trading station in- tended only to make money for the investors in English commercial companies, the Mas- sachusetts Bay colony became a common- wealth to settle a new world as free and inde- pendent from outside interference as Eng- lish inattention would permit. It began in Salem. Geography Naumkeag, soon renamed Salem from the Hebrew word meaning peace, was origi- nally a long narrow peninsular between the North and South rivers with what is now Essex Street running down the middle. Visi- tors to Pioneer Village today will see there a careful reconstruction of Salem in its early days. Before good land routes were established, Salem rivaled Boston as a trading center. Its good harbor and tidal rivers running deep into the rich surrounding farmlands made it a natural shipping point for fish, lumber, and farm produce. Winter Island belonged to the fishermen. Shipyards were active in the town, and such supporting industries as iron forges and rope walks. Wharves lined the South River along Front Street from what is now Hawthorne Boulevard to the site of the Post Office. Riley Plaza was once deep water. As ships grew larger the wharves were moved closer to the sea from Derby Wharf to the eastward. x The town limits were moved in steadily through the 17th century as the population spread beyond the original peninsula and churches were built to serve the outlying residences. New towns were formed around these churches. Salem was the mother town to many in Essex County, among them Pea- body, Danvers, Beverly, Manchester, and Marblehead. Indeed, by the end of its mari- time period, Salem found itself seriously short of land on which to develop many of its bright beginnings. It filled in much of its North and South rivers, small streams, swamps, and coves, in an effort to replace the lands it had given away long years be- fore. The Gardner-Pingree house, built for john Gardner at 12.8 Essex Street in 1804, is considered to be one of the finest examples of the work of Samuel Mclntire, Salem architect, builder, and woodcarver. It represents his mature work in the fully developed neo-classical Federal style. The beauti- ful proportions of the rooms and the delicacy of their arch- itectural ornament are matched by the elegant furnishings representing the best in both imported and domestic wares at the height of Salem's overseas trade.

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Q7 7 ' V 'l ' I - p 1' Q . ' 1 , 'si 'fs 'J I Y.f,e 42 . ' n .I I V 1 if Q I :Alf 1 I ill' .jJQf.f'.. izewa.,, .,,-, I FPZU- . it-Ad, x I' is s: , 3 - , 4 The l eirCt'-Nicllhls lltiill-Q .1640 l'eilei.il Street is one nl' Salemk lfgglit beginnings. Deaigned .md built for jemthmiel Peirce in 1782, it is ong the fiist .ind e-till .among the bee-t'of SamuQ Mdnliiek de- lt set the 1-.tyleifui must of the Fedemltho e-es. in Salem. The f the'l1ouse.dis.pl.iy-. the clmngec ' Mslntiiextyle from f . ian to dignified Federal .is the r ms w e completed .intl .51 ' er, when funds wen avnillbl ., Y i b . ' I5 1 .2 ,, 4 O X ' ' , i 2? , yu.. , i I -' ,I I I I ' n X . , A , ., tr 1 ' f yy' f 4 it sl 4 J 1 - Y, V ' -F-1' I X .0 4 Q' 'T :ff 5 - if 1'f- if ' ,gi . 93 ff ' .. 1 A , 1-1... gr F ?v if U 4 Q' W is I vw, 6 x , . ,A 1 N, I l' 2 'S Ckstnut Street is considered by many to be .u'cl1itectur.1lly the most beaiitifyl street in America. Most of the imposing houses were built tluiltg the first thiee decades of the 10th century for wealthy merclmnts .ind ship captains. B w, g.. o I N. 4 If i.