SUNY Upstate Medical University - Auricle Yearbook (Syracuse, NY)

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ilTHEyANClENTSt The, brain was first drawn out through the nostrils by an ironlhook and i --the skull cleared- of the rest by rinsing withQdrugs. The axbdtomenfwasythehl A l liincised with a sharp flint knife, evisceratedt cleansed with wine- and aro- i matics, filledwith myrrh, cassia, and, spices and the wound sewed yup. Thge body'wasA-thensteeped for seventy days inysodihum chlorides or bicarbonate, it andiafterwardx washed and e'rivel'ope'dw completely with Iinen'. bandages smeared together with gum. The relatives put it in a wooden coffin, shaped like a man, which was deposiltedein the burial chamber along with four Canopic V jars cdbtalnirlg the vliscerad' ' l v , , N Description of an Egyptian embalming' by Herodotus of Ancient lGre.e'ce 05th l Century B.C.7 G-I f XV Peru - , V The picture at the right shows the art of TREPHINING , in which the skulls of living pa- tients were opened in order to let blood or cure epilepsy and other cere- bral disorders. Priests would seek supernatural intervention through pray- ers as the surgeon slow- , ly performed this danger- . VU, 'N ous operation Sponsored by the Department of Neurosurgery Egypt C3000-400 B.C.J l Dominant medicine in the world for 2500 years Priests practiced medi- cine: lmhotep, a medical demigod, is world's oldest known physician C2900B.C.7 Ebers Papyrus C1550 B.C.J discovered in 18727 an encyclopedic treatise on disease, including tumors Drugs used included opium, castor oil, gentian Circumcisions performed Baldness treated with mixture of equal parts ink and cerebrospinal fluid Splints found on mummies 4

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Hippocrates 1460-370 B.C.J: The Father of Medicine Greece Q1300-400 B.C.j Hippocrates Cabovei--some of his many contributions: --Dignity of the physician and an attitude of respect towards patients --HIPPOCRATIC DOCTRINE of humoral pathology: a disturbed balance of the four humors Cblood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bilel led to disease --HIPPOCRATIC OATH --Excellent, still accurate descriptions of epilepsy, puerperal sepsis Gods and Temples of Healing, in which priests offered cures according to what they saw in their dreams Therapeutics: fresh air, good diet, pur- gation, blood-letting, massage Medical instruction private, often individ- ual without formal schools Rome C300 B.C.-240 A.D.J IVledicine an unworthy field, medical knowl edge begins to decline Galen C131-201 A.D.J wrote over 500 books on anatomy, physiology, disease and therapy which contained many errors but re- mained the authority for over 1200 years more Drugs: opium, turpentine, wine, honey, grape juice, barley water Public health and preventive medicine important Below is a copy of JAPYX AN AENEAS a Pomperan painting m which the doctor Japyx is removing an arrow from the thigh, of Aeneas the hero of Troy