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'K var 4 An 5.1. - dy 'mga 'L ' W, u 4? A KiKKKKK,KKKKK K K K K ,, ' x M' .!i,f:Q,-5,EQ,i.f g' K P qs, K., - ' 7 V K 1 , , If Q .af 4 . K , . 'w,,,,,K W 4 . Q I-415 AH.. 'Ai,',v.'. L -' ...KKK . KHK KK ,.4,KK K ,. KKK K K K .K KKKK . V KKWX - 1 '. , Q -,K ' , -- Q K.1g,3 4 K , 16 - f ,,- .1 ' 5 4 '- -1 ff +1 1 ' 9' F X' K4- . fx 4 .W M - ..-. , ,. - 1 ,, f , ' . ' A 'H f 4 ' AM f .- y , 'Hs 4, ' +. KK, 'li X vm i.. ' nn. if-0. -, .D I -fw- '96 4, 'I Q 4 5,-, ,ei-.5 One half the expense of this book was borne by the Welfare and Recreation Fund USS RANDoLPH QCVA-1 55 .I Nx ' 1 lil X QV ff x f j f 1 I n 51, I X2 A Recon! ofthe 1958 1959 Medztev mfzemz Cruzse of the U.S.S. Rmzc!0Qh CVA-15 . 1 My Fi NL Fi, 3 pw 3' THESE TRC BLED WATERS W.. Kl- M3 mv- CAPT BERNARD M STREAN C 0ll1Il1Il7Illf77g Ojicer -1 PROLGGUE This is the Mare Nostrum, the mother of a hundred kingdoms, the cradle of humanity. A thousand of Mankindfs greatest dramas have unfolded upon the stages of these waters, for these are the waters that swirled in the passage of a pharaoh's barge and eddied in the wake of a trireme of Caesar. These same waters bore many a Homeric hero to Troy and triumph, then transported the mighty hordes of Xerxes to doom on the plains of lklarathon. From distant Ophir came the copper-laden ships of Solomon, from Sidon and Tyre the spices for Imperial Rome. Long after the collapse of the noble Attic civilization and the division and decay of the Roman Empire, the struggle for the Alediter- ranean .still continued. llloors, Saracens and crusaders all took their turn before the footlights. Napoleon strode forth upon these waters to challenge the world, and within our own lifetime il duce dreamed of turning this inland sea into a. Fascist Lake. But these waters have borne foundations of a more enduring sort for Peter and Paul travelled this way also. In short, kings and emperors, Popes and doges, sultans and slzahs have all wrestled since time immemorial for control of these troubled waters, and each one of us aboard the Randolph, brushing aside for a moment our perennial complaints, can be proud to belong, though but subordinately, to so emblazoned a fraternity. .,,,.,,.,., , . wr CDR WILLIAM B MORTON Executive Ojfcer K,, .V N fi A nn S 5 I , wi CDR RALPH M BAGWELL Operations Ojfcer CDR ARTHUR W MANN JR Supply Offer ' Q CDR ANTHONY P RUSH Senior Medical OWCBT H vi ig gi ff fi CDR ARMISTEAD B SMITH JR Commander Carrier Air Group Seven CDR GEORGE H FULLER Navigator CDR NILS W BOE Air Officer fi L if If CDR ARCHY L LUPIA Gunnery Ojfcer LCDR GEORGE D SELFRIDGE Dental Ojicer , I 4 ns 4 CDR WILLIAM L HOOVER Engineer Ogicer 7 THE E TROUBLED WATERS The history of naval power in the Mediterranean Sea is very ancient and very honorable. The cruise of the Randolph and her crew chronicled in this book is the latest page in a story of ships and men that stretches back thousands of years to a time of which our only records are legendary ones. The present dominant position of the American navy in these waters is of such recent origin that it is proper that we should bear ourselves respectfully, and begin our book by honoring the deeds of the great sailors in whose wakes we sail. There is another and weightier reason for con- sidering what has gone before us in this sea. The duty we have performed has cost us much in time, effort, money, and lives. It would not have been re- quired of us were it not of the utmost importance to our government. The events at which we shall briefly look in this introduction are the great days of naval history, when the actions of sailors dictated the course of world history. Wife shall see that it is not only in the middle of the twentieth century, and not only to the American people, that naval control of the Medi- terranean has been a matter of anxious concern and great moment. In 1194 B.C. Agamemnon, King of Mycenae, led a great allied fleet of the kingdoms of Greece and of Crete against the heavily fortified city of Troy. A beachhead was established, and a combined land and sea war of attrition was conducted for ten years before Troy capitulated, and was razed to the ground. As is so often the case in naval warfare, the question at issue in the Trojan VVar was sea-borne trade. Troy was a great naval power, and lay in a situation com- manding the Hellespont, nowadays called the Dardan- elles. Her navy demanded and received tribute from all the traffic along what was then the great East-lfVest trade route from the Mediterranean to the far shore of the Black Sea. The Greek kingdoms were young and vigorous sea-faring nations who chafed under this domineering influence, and longed to assume for them- selves control of this rich trade. They were a people given to warring among themselves, but economic necessity at last led them to combine in force sulli- cient to match the strongest and most civilized power of the time. The Greeks did not attempt to cut Troy's lines of communication to the interior of Asia Minor, but systematically raided the sea-ports of the neighboring coast-line, thus cutting off Troy' from the sea. Since the wealth of Troy derived from trade, this policy had the effect of draining Troy's treasury, and divid- ing her from her allies, the states of the interior, who no longer found a market for their goods in Troy. These allies were more than willing to do business with the Greeks, but the strength of Troy was such that she held out for ten years of siege. The legend of the wooden horse is considered to be apocryphal. perhaps deriving from the fact that Troy was carried at last by means of huge wooden engines covered with wet horsehide as protection against Hre. The effect of the Trojan XVar was the complete destruction of the greatest Mediterranean power'ol the day, and the transfer of economic and military dominance to the Greeks for a period of a thousand years. In view of the vast effort and magnificent prize involved in this war, the legend that it was essentially an affair of honor fought over a woman is considered fanciful. The first great fleet action in naval history took place on 23 September 480 B.C. in the narrow waters between the island of Salamis and the peninsula of Piraeus. NVhen Randolph anchored oll Piraeus many of us ascended the Acropolis of Athens. from which height our guides pointed out the site of this famous battle, which saved Greece from being over-run by a vast Persian army. In 4190 BLK. Darius. the King of Persia. had landed at Marathon an amphibious force of 50.000 men who were to strike at Athens. This army was opposed at its beach-head and defeated by a numerically inferior Athenian army, forcing the Persians to re-embark and return to Asia. Marathon was a great victory which led many of the Greeks to hope that the threat from Persia had been destroyed, but the wiser heads among lheni, notably 'lheuristocles of Xthens. knew that the Persian army at Marathon was only a fraction of her lil The destruction of the French fleet off the Nile on the lst August 1798 by a squadron of British ships under the command of Adm. Nelson real strength, and that the ambition ol' Persia was such that she would undoubtedly make a second attempt in much greater force. Themistocles ranks among the ablest strategists of military history. Not only did he insist to his con- temporaries that they must prepare for an invasion on an unheard-of scale, he insisted that only sea-power could possibly save Greece, and it was because ol' his vigorous leadership that Athens procured in good time a fleet of 200 fighting ships. This fleet was a great expense to Athens in peace-time, but in the event they were to light against desperate odds, and did in fart provide the only means to prevent the sulijugation ol all of Greece. When at last, ten years after Marathon, the Persians ?,ng.in their advanre into Greece, this time under King l l Xerxes, the army numbered at least 350,000 men escorted by more than 1300 ships. In order to arrive in overwhelming force the Persians marched over- land around the Aegean Sea, the ships being used to augment supply and to protect the seaward flank of the army. So ponderous was this great armament that six months were required to transfer it into the heart ol' Greece. The Greeks were divided as to where to make a stand, the Peloponnesians wanting to hold the Isth- mus of Corinth, which would have left Athens to be destroyed. In the event a half-hearted effort was made to hold the pass at Thermopylae with a force of only A1000 men, who were annihilated in the course of the most gallant fight of ancient times. just prior to this battle 400 Persian ships were lost in a gale, so that when the Greek ships covered the flank off the army at the pass the odds were about 270 to 900 ships. .Xl- though in these first encounters the Greek ships proved individually superior to the Persians, the action was inconclusive. The Greek armies retreated to the Isthmus of Corinth, and the ships to the island of Salanris, while Xerxes' 'rrrny plundered Athens. Gould the Persians have landed 'r SllbSl'IHI1l tl force behind the Greek position at the Isthmus the defeat of Greece would have been certain but the existence of an active Creek Egyptian Galley naval force prevented this operation. A minority of Xerxes' advisors argued that the Greek ships could not sustain themselves long at Salamis, and that it would be better to let time defeat the Greek defense than to risk everything in a battle. Xerxes admitted the wis- dom of this advice, but the considerable success of the Greeks in the naval battles off Thermopylae had wounded Persian pride, and because his numerical superiority was so great Xerxes decided to force an engagement. The position of the Greeks made it possible for the Persians to send a detachment around the island and cut off the possibility of retreat, but Themistocles in- sisted that the heavy odds against the Greeks could only be resisted rn n rrrow waters ind he is IS resolved to fight if thc Persr ins would oblige htm Xcrxes did oblige him both by blocking r retrert and by sending lns fleet into the strait for 1 decrsrse b rttle There is about .1 mile of WltC1 between the rsl ind of Salnnis ind the m rrnlrnd which rllowcd room for 1 front of about 80 ships The Persi tns sent 700 ships uound the island which the Creeks opposed with I0 shit s so thcre were tbout 000 Persrrn ships opposed by '70 Greek ships rn the rn un b tttle Ising Xcrxcs took his s ition on 1 throne erettcd on Mount Xegilos on I ic mainland shore to observe the forth-coming virtory. and to admonislr his men to greater glory by his personal presence. The tactics of the two nations were sigrrifirantly dil- ferentg Greek soldiers were heavily armored and fought with the spc-ar and the sword, while the Per- sians fought with the bow and arrow, and preferred to fight at a distance. Naval warfare differed from land w'rrl rre only in that thc light ships of the time could easily be sunk by r'nnming, warships being fitted with it hear y beak below the water-line. A close engagement was favorable to tr heavy Greek troops, ss rereas the Persians at- tempted to envelope their enemy 'rnd destroy him with superior fire-power. The rival fleets approached c'1ch other slowly to save the strength of the rowers, and met about noon in the middle of the channel. The Persian ships in the rear continued to press forward under the eyes of the Great King, which threw the front line into great confusion. The fighting was desperate, but gradually the Greeks forced the Persian line backwards, redoubling the press and filling the water with broken ships and dying men. The Greeks were able to keep room to maneu- ver, and to bring forward fresh ships from the rear ranks, while the confusion of the Persian fleet made it all the easier to ram their ships. Hlhen the Persians were forced back to the mouth of the channel they turned their prows to 1'IlI1 to the open sea. and the day was won for the Greeks. Thernistocles longed to PLIFSLIC the Persian fleet to its complete destruction. but the allies of Athens, their object won. were un- willing to risk further battle. It was discovered that 200 Persian ships had been sunk or captured. against 110 lost by the Greeks. Xerxes returned to Persia to attend to domestic troubles, leaving an arms' to winter i11 Greece and continue the canrpngn in the Sprint' nl lie next sen this army 11 is deferred rl the ltnd battle ol l'l1t1e1 its tl it urs clrnuni vcr rgnn could tie ersirns rusttr it 1 x ce is 11d Jten turned ui rs rn tns 1 un iugn n 1 ens wrs rebuilt lor whit urosetl to 1 tl1 C o 1 Xge of Crcete C s s s U l rt 1 r DCIIIK III I I IIN I IIil r -. L I 2 . 3,2 i ' ' al ' gp i 1 y '11 - - J '-f . V Q , .Q Y V . .' Q Y' i -V ' V I X . ' C 1 . A 4 . 1 'I 1 ' 1 . 4 4 1 1 1 l . , ' z ' 2 , 'J ' O and tl time the Persian rrcz 'ag - ' ' ated. -' 1 S ' 'z 1' 2 . ' Ne itll' i 'l I' 5 n 5 sr 'l a 'ast 2 ' 1 1 2 ' - '.f.z forf :Q lz I1 . ' 1 'z l -1 rg' ,g il 1 K 2 ' 5 1 1 ' 2 ' 2 i' ' ' ,Xth .' sz: ' i U' 'S I' lv e Ellen ' ' . ' h 4v'f , .3 l V V , ' V I Y V ' Q A ' - - 1 - I - 1 . 4 ,' 1 ' ' ', 7 ' ' ' 'i T -' -' 'I L I - 'J-X Th- victory at Salanrix :crur'etl the control ol' thc ' I ' ' N 1 . z Q u f L sea: to Atliens, and i11 the following years sie ea 1 ed I i 'i 'V ' i 2 i ' Y .' ' a rich reward in rnaritiiut' t'UlIIIlIt'I'tl'. lu order to itz 1 ' ' 1' 1' T J I ' : Q: I l intl l' - her control ol' turtle. .Xtl e 3 l'o'i l au 1 1 organization called the Delian League, in which her fleet played the role ol keeper of the peace for a num- ber of smaller sea-faring cities. Gradually the league took on the color of an ,Xtheuian empire as Athenian naval dominance became more obvious, and as het treasury filled with an increasing flow of tribute ,-,. . ,LV '--xv 5 .4 if t '9 V U F i rw A We iifg??lfs . rv X- ' TN, .NX , 43 f Q- t' 1j I5 Greek Oarsman money. XfVith the seas policed against pirates and raiders, the Delian League would have been profitable for all concerned, except that in the end Athens be- came arrogant, and her demands exorbitant. From 432 B.C. until 404 B.C. the cities of Corinth and Sparta with numerous allies fought the Peloponnesian XfVars against Athens to free themselves from what had become the heavy yoke . of the Delian League. Athens held out alone during this long period because of the great economic strength given her by her overseas trade, but in the end she was exhausted by the war, her fleet was destroyed and the city capitulated to a siege. This marked the end of the great days of Athens, and there- after the scene of naval warfare shifted to other emerging powers. During the third century B.C. in the Yvestern Mediterranean two new powers, Rome and Carthage, were expanding mightily, and it began to appear that one of them must prevail over the western world. Until 2611 B.C. Rome had limited her conquests to the mainland of peninsular Italy, and her wars were fought more for political security than for economic profit. Carthage, a city on the coast of Africa near Tunis, was fabulously wealthy, and ruled a commercial empire extending throughout the WVcst.ern Mediterranean, including I3 Spain, Sardinia, and Sicily. The first instance of the extension of Roman power overseas occurred in 264 PLC. when the town of Messina in Sicily appealed to Rottie for help against the city of Syracuse. The Roman Senate considered the decision to send an army overseas for the first time so momentous, as it proved to be, that they submitted the issue to the people of Rome in a referendum, which was passed. The First Punic YVar originated when Carthage at- tempted to resist Rome's entrance into Sicily. At this time Rome had little experience on the sea, but it soon became apparent that a fleet was needed to protect communications with Sicily and to defend the coastal towns of Italy. In only two months Rome performed the prodigious feat of building and train- ing a navy of 120 warships. These ships were slower and less seaworthy than the ships of Carthage, but the balance was redressed by the installation of one of the earliest examples of a secret weapon, the corvus. In a border's fight Roman legionaries, the best troops in the world, could be expected to win, but the handier Carthaginian ships were able to ram at will and retreat with ease. The corvus was a swivel- mounted gangway rigged with a topping-lift and htted with a heavy spike. Xvhen the enemy approached to rain, the corvus was let go, the spike held fast in the wooden deck, and the well-armored Romans poured in among their victims. In the first fleet action of the Roman Trireme war, the Battle of Mylae, the Roman landsmen used this device so effectively as to win a smashing victory. The great naval battle of the war was fought in 256 13.61. oflf Mount Ecnomus on the south coast of Sicily. In order to carry the war into Africa, Rome had mounted a large landing-force, which was to be escorted by the entire fleet. Carthage stationed her fleet some thirty-five miles along the coast from the Roman base in a position to intercept the convoy, her object being to destroy the transports and the army they carried. The Battle of llcnomus is considered by students of naval history to bc 't tactical master- thagrnians detached their two wings in an attempt to envelope the convoy and strike at the transports from the rear, while their center engaged the Roman war- ships. In perfect order the Romans detached their own wings to intercept, so that three distinct engage- ments took place, while the transports lled back to their base. The Roman center prevailed Hrst, and went to the rescue of the left wing which was hard- pressed until the Carthaginians fled from such a heavy reinforcement. The Roman right wing was backed up against the shoreline but 't division of Roman , wx X piece. As the fleets approached each other the Car- ships from the main battle surrounded the surround- ing Carthaginians, cutting them off from retreat and capturing them all. VVith the Carthaginian fleet so heavily defeated the Romans were at leisure to invade Africa, where the army at Hrst had great success. In the end, however, this army was destroyed, and thereafter the war was conducted in Sicily. The issue there was the siege of the great Carthaginian fortress of Lilybaeum, which until the beginning of the Semrrd Punic W'ar, Carth- age attempted to restore her empire by strengthening her position in Spain. Her object was to establish a secure base for an over-land invasion of Rome, which .-, .-- fs fftgf ,'.-.. ':X.'iw, fn, ' 'ffl' ..,. E, x J f ti- . Bf I If R x 7 isxtf l v v. X X X- A i l X I X N it I l Roman Legionary Battle of Lepanto w. I carried on lor ten years Wlien at list the fortress w is carried out rn 018 B C hx H tnnrbrl and his ter e peace wrs negotiated the terms being that Romc rrble elephrnts rl l e is u Instr d lor sixteen xt lls lo 1cgTurredS1c1ly ntccn ol xxhuh Ilrnnrlr t um rom the end of the First Punrc Wir in 'fll BC' T0 nrrn rnureuxtrcrl in il ,le K H H I . I ' I ' Zh Q' '5-' Us ' -C ' 1 '1 . ' 'J '- , . e ' ' i ' i ' 7 'I 2 11 '1 ' ll ' ' ' T. ' r ' ' u A for ' 'i ' e 1 ' al :url his small 1 ' V of i f I ' ' -f . .. 110,01 - 1 ' the heart of lta y. frat- ing exery Roman .unix with the tentetitx to oppose thetn. although other fIatth.tgini.tn .ntnies were badly defeated elsewhere. l'he Roinans were unable to rt-- tnoxe this incredible thorn in their side until Stipio .Mricatuts again inyaded Xlrita. forcing the friglttenetl Cartliaginimts to recall their brilliant general to the defense of the titx. l'he .unix withdrew frotn Italy by sea in good order. but at last in 202 PLC. Hannibal was defeated in his own country. and Carthage was forced to sue for peace. . l here were no great nayal battles in the Second Punic Nyar because is e ts. Routes control of the sea was too powerful for Carthage to contest. Hannibafs campaign of fourteen years is one of the most brilliant in military history, but he was never able to muster strength enough to assault the city of Rome, because his supply litres were too tenuous. Only one attempt was made to re- inforce Hannibal in strength when in 207 B.C. his brother I-Iasdrubal brought an army of 30,000 men across the Alps, the seas being closed to Carthaginian ships. Be- cause the Romans were between the two armies they were able to destroy Hasdrubal's army before a junc- tion could be effected. Prior to this Hannibal had concluded an alliance with the King of Macedon, but the Roman navy prevented him from sending troops into Italy. Thus Rome's control of the sea denied Hannibal what chance he had for victory, and in the end defeated him by launching an overseas attack on Carthage. The peace terms imposed by Rome make clear the importance she attributed to sea powerg except for a very mild payment of reparation, the only stipulation was that Carthage was never again to maintain more than ten hghting ships. Thereafter, Rome was the undisputed master of the western world, and until her fall the only wars which were fought were between Roman political parties, but these were wars on the largest scale. The hrst of them was waged between -lulius Caesar and Pompey, which resulted in Caesar's being crowned the hrst Emperor of Rome. After his assassination the Empire was thrown into great confusion, until the contestants for power were reduced to two, Nfark Antony with his charming ally, Cleopatra, and Ortavian, afterwards Augustus Caesar. This war was finally decided at the naval battle of Actium in 31 ll.C., and Augustus was at last able to put the Roman Empire on a secure and peareful footing. One of history's most dramatic events occurred at the Battle of Arttium, through the romantic tircum- stance that the two principal commanders of the l5 lzastern fleet were lovers. They had been blockaded in the Cuff of Anrbracia on the western coast of Greece, and it becatne necessary to break the blockade and either defeat Octavian or retreat to Egypt. Xvhen .Xntony's fleet sortietl from the bay, Cleopatra com- ntandetl the reserve stptatlron in the rear. At the critical point in the battle, when the fleets were heavily Italian Light Cruiser engaged, she made sail, an almost unprecedented occurrence in ancient battles, and broke through the center of the line to the open sea. Antony's fleet con- tinued the battle, but without their commander, for Antony had transferred in a boat to Cleopatra's Hag- ship, and fled with her to Egypt, leaving his fleet to its destruction. It is possible to consider Cleopatra's action a sound military gambleg the object of the battle was to break the blockade, which Cleopatra accomplished, at least in part. The Eastern ships were much heavier and slower than Octavian's, but making sail allowed Cleo- patra to obtain speed and maneuverability to strike a blow at the center of the line. If the rest of the fleet had been able to disengage and follow her it might have turned out to be a stroke of tactical genius. How- ever, the attempt failed, and Mark Antony has been remembered as a great soldier who was put to shame by his love for a fascinating woman. After the Battle of Actium the stabilization of the Roman Empire brought the Pax Romana to the troubled waters of the Mediterranean. It was to be many hundreds of years before there would again be a great fleet action. The decay of the Roman Empire was prolonged and gradual under constant pressure from the barbarians of the North. In 330 AD. limperor Constantine shifted his capital to Byvantium. thereafter called Constantinople, and nowadays lstan- bul. This marked the formal end of the Roman Em- Cmtlimterl on Page 114 .nu,, ,.., PAG E mvnns us Qnsv. 1-40 DECK LOG-ADDITIONAL REMARKS SHEET uurrso s1'ATEs sl-up 2 S fDayJ fDaleJ 1Mo-MM ADDITIONAL REMARKS i 0930 Underway from Pier 12, Norfolk Naval Base, Norfolk, Virginia. in accordance with COMCRULANT OPORDER lp-58 enroute GIBRALTAR, B.B.C. Captain and Navigator on the bridge. Pilot CAPT. E.C. ASEXTON has the conn. Maneuvering on various courses while standing out of Hampton Roads Channel. llA8 Entered International Waters. LT USN i aff? if Maw. W, 4 ff' W ,,, . Z, , I I ww 2 0951+ OOD has conn. 1005 Commander Carrier Division Four arrived for E presentation ceremonies. 1010 Commander Cruisers Atlantic arrived for E presentation. 1015 Commander Second Fleet arrived for E ceremonies. MMKMJQ H . G. RAMMRATH ENS USN YI ? mf W --lm' xx 17 F4 5. yum . X. 5' 'F,1NFs4Qig.f-X' sf: . 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A , ., - ,M ,,,.f L . Q U,gQ,A.,,,.g pf,f:.zff W. .w. 'J., - . .K 515' LQ TQ P A ff ' ' Q M WW hgvfig :Y fa ' ,a , , . ' Q fv ' '31, 1 flfw ' f ,ff 4 ' fs o '1 U, ,dz X, , 'lf t . 6 :fi 77: , . L , ': ,fL,g,f.,-,ref f,,-q1i,::5':y5 ' Q L' i ,. , YM , L 1? f f., X 7ff3',1 gf' f,' gf!! I ,' I M I'4i,1' 5 3? I-,vw uv.: A 1 ' ' ,-:fzm .A ,I M -1 riwwiifiywiw 4 u s , Q ,X Wy! TT , 5. THESE TROUBLED WATERS Continued from Page I5 pire, although the Eastern, or Byzantine Empire con-- tinued for more than a thousand years until I453. WVith the passing of Rome, Byzantium became the only naval power in the lvlediterranean, and naval warfare became a long story of piracy and police action, until a new alignment of power appeared. In 622 an Arab, an uneducated man, but speaking with the voice of a prophet, fled from the town of Mecca under political pressure. From that event dates one of history's most amazing movements. In a matter of a few years the followers of Mohammed exploded across Africa and deep into Europe, bringing to the world what proved to be by far its longest and most bitter contest. Islam and Christendom warred con- tinuously from 622 until as late as the First WVorld XfVar, and the ancient rivalry still smolders in the Middle East. In 1958 Randolph was one of hundreds of war- ships of the Christian nations rushed to the Eastern Mediterranean when the delicate balance of Christians and Moslems in Lebanon threatened war. It was Byzantium that first carried the burden of re' sisting Islam's fiery advance. Her situation between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean demanded a large navy, which she kept, but it was not the way of Islam to Hght pitched battles at sea. Every minor oriental potentate, of which there were thousands, and more thousands of private persons, with the blessing of their religion, sent their sleek, fast galleys raiding the ships and ports of Christendom. To police these pirates, Byzantium developed the idea of the cruiser, a fast warship that patrolled and fought alone or in small numbers. One of the military reasons for the long survival of Byzantium was her possession of a secret weapon, Greek fire, the atomic bomb of the Middle Ages. The formula for this terrible substance was so closely guarded over hundreds of years that today we are only able to guess what it might have been. However, its employment was very similar to one of our modern weapons, the flame thrower. Byzantine warships mounted nozzles in their bows through which the lluid was pumped, and ignited by a torch as it issued in a flaming stream. The Byzantine navy was the Hrst to have a special rate of gunner's mates, and the Hrst to perfect the technique of destroying its enemies at a distance. In l453 Constantinople was captured by the Otto- man Turks, but long before that date other Christian powers had risen in the YVest and had taken up the war against Islam. In the W'est, after the fall of the Roman Empire, civilization was preserved only in the Catholic Church for hundreds and hundreds ol' years. When in the Middle Ages Europe at last began again to develop ordered government and the pursuit of civilized ends, it was accomplished under the aegis ol' the Churcli. lhe ideal ol the Church was to weld liuropc, which had long been disorganized and divided by petty chieltains and local wars, into one great Iffll gious community. Une ol the principal methods the Church used to achieve this unity was the Crusade. which channeled the belligerent spirit ol the European warriors against a common enemy, Islam. During the llth century the armies ol liuiope had begun to make headway against the inroads ol the Saracens, and in 1095 the lfirst Crusade was launched by Pope Urban ll. 'Iihis was the most successful ol fi'-' A, 'N ff f ,. . Hs , 'Fif i' I M ff 41 7 F f-lx., ff Ss' f c Nxy L 1 sf f s' f ff lil ,X J! X Phoenician the many crusades of the next 200 years, and jeru- salem was captured in lO99. The Christians estab- lished the Kingdom of Jerusalem, a state which was a going concern until ll87 when Jerusalem was lost. and which was not formally dissolved until 1291. At Hrst, relations between Christians and Bloslems were satisfactory, business flourished and the Moslems were tolerant of Christianity. However. the Moslems. too. developed the crusading spirit. and in HST, Saladin led a Moslem crusade, a bliifllllf. which overwhelmed the Kingdom of jerusalem. Many more crusades were launched, but except for a few years of negotiated peace, jerusalem remained hrmly in the hands of the Moslems. Several of the crusades were conveyed to the East in huge convoys. One of them failed to fight the Saracens at all, because in mid-passage the leaders were induced to take a hand in a political argument in the Byzantine Empire, and their force was directed against Constantinople. The last crusade was taken to Pal' estine by St. l.ouis ol France. a king who was recognized as a saint in his own life-time, in a vast lleet of ISOO ships, some of which carried as mans as H100 persons. Although there were no lleet actions. lighting at sea was continuous and bloody as the raiders of the Bar- bary Coast continued to pres' on the counuerce of ll-l the West. One of the most colorful stories of Mediterranean naval history is that of the 1'-lospitaller Brothers of St. john of jerusalem. more faniiliarly known, as the Knights of Malta. Their original and proper name came from the fact that they were organized in 1048 as a brotherhood of monks who operated a hospital in jerusalem for the relief of pilgrims. The brothers soon expanded their activities to include the protec- tion of travelers at sea, and they became in time the v i. 'l?a.,fQ2., s!?,4 gp. -.9. f . ., y 5 i , vxxxx 'l '1 ' 1 1 -x iilga 1- 'Q lJ X J X' fi . 5 l'i i' 'i: irM9 if Q1tfYf'ji'i' l lf, - 'hi :Vg Genoese Seaman policemen of the Mediterranean. Mlhen jerusalem fell, the order moved first to the island of Cyprus, but found that it did not suit their needs. Deciding that Rhodes would be an ideal site, they first obtained the sanction of the Emperor of the East, and then took the island from the Saracens by force of arms. The order, now calling themselves the Knights of Rhodes, remained there almost constantly under siege by the Turks from 1309 until 1523. At last, Suleiman the Magnificent came against them with 400 ships and 200,000 men. The Knights, numbering 600 of the order and 4500 troops, held out for six months until their fortress was in ruins. XVhen Suleiman at last entered he was so astonished by their valor that he allowed them to leave the island with all their ships and gear, under the full honors of war. It was this great fortress, rebuilt by the Turks, and recently modernized by Mussolini, which we visited during our stay in Rhodes. The knights wandered for a time, the glory of cen- turies in ruins. Charles V of France restored them by ceding them the island of Malta, their tribute to con- sist of a falron delivered to the King of Francie each year. The Knights constructed a second mighty fora tress there, from whifh they soon regained all their glory. ltfmdoljah and her crew paid a second visit to the Order of St. -Iohn in their second fortress in Malta: in fact she sailed right into the middle of it. The 115 Knights remained in active service on Malta until 1798, when Napoleon took the island on his Way to Egypt and disbanded the Order. The Order of St. John was composed of noblemen organized in eight langues according to their national- ity, representing: France, Provence, Auvergne, Italy, Aragon, Castile, Germany, and England. Because these countries were often at war with each other the Knights lived apart while in Malta, and were only united when they went to sea against the Turk. For 750 years they warred incessantly against the sailors of Islam, but never interfered in European wars. They won such a ferocious reputation that once when a Moslem squadron was attacking the island of Lego a single eighteen-year-old member of the order turned them away by dressing a number of peasants and women in the dreaded uniform. During the thousand years of war between Islam and Christendom, only twice did Islam present a large fleet to the Christian navies. The latter occasion was in 1827 when Britain, France, and Russia intervened against Turkey in the Greek war of independence, and destroyed the Turkish fleet in the bay of Navarino on the west coast of Greece. This battle marked the end of Turkey's importance as a naval power, and from the naval point-of-view the end of the long con- flict, but it was a small affair compared to the first great battle. Suleiman the Magnificent had driven the Order of St. John from Rhodes, only to find that they continued to destroy his ships from Malta. Thinking to complete the destruction of his most persistent enemy, he laid siege to Malta in 1565 with a force of 200 ships and 40,000 men. Again the Knights held out for six months, but this time a Spanish fleet appeared to re- lieve the island, and the siege was lifted. Under Sulei- man Turkey had become the greatest naval power in the world, and was much feared by the Christian navies, but the siege of Malta taught them that the Turks were not invincible. They resolved to make a great effort to destroy Turkey's navy once and for all. ln 1571 the naval powers of Christendom, under the leadership of Philip Il of Spain, brought together the greatest Christian fleet ever assembled, more than 300 warships. Half the ships were Spanish, Venice sent more than a hundred, and the others came from Genoa, Malta, the Pope, and various private gentle- men. Command was given to the most brilliant gentle- man of the day, an illegitimate son of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, who because he lacked a legal title called himself simply Don john of Austria: he was twenty-six years old. The Battle of Lepanto was the last to be fought with oared vesselsg the tactics of the battle were much closer to those of Salamis 2000 years before than to Nelson's only 200 years ahead. Don -lohn's galleys differed from those of Themistocles only in being X I k xx .Nh bigger, more sophisticated, and armed with primitive cannon, although the ram was still a major weapon. As in ancient times, the fleets were able to ignore the wind and deploy like land armies. The decision was still won by hand-to-hand fighting, the fire of their cannon being highly ineffective at anything greater than point-blank range. The greatest innovation, which perhaps decided the battle, was that Don John caused to be built fifteen very large, heavy ships called galleasses, in which speed and maneuverability were sacrificed for strength and Hrepower. The Christian fleet assembled slowly at the Straits of Messina, the Turkish admiral has been criticized for not striking Hrst while the Christians were still weak, but he was content to wait in his home waters in Greece. YVhen Don .Iohn's fleet was formed it pro- ceeded Hrst to Corfu, and then stood southwest to where the Turkish Crescent lay in the Gulf of Corinth, its horns supported against either shore. The Chris- tian fleet of 300 ships and 80,000 men found itself con.- fronted with 400 ships and 120,000 men. Until the Battle of Jutland in the First XiVorld X'Var, the world would not see another naval battle on such a vast scale. Ali carrie near to escaping by an admirable maneuver. He turned his squadron outboard as though to out- flank the Christian fleet, thus drawing Andrea Doria away from the center. Suddenly the Turks turned back and raced for the widening breach in the line. ln the nick of time Santa Crux brought up the reserve squadron to Hll the gap, like an alert linebacker in a football game. ln the end few of Ali's ships escaped: all the rest of the Turkish fleet were sunk or captured. Preparations had been made to relay the news across Europe, and the Pope received word of the victory that very night. 8000 Christians had been killed, and 16,000 woundedg Turkish casualties were uncounted, but at least 25,000 were killed. More than anything else, Christendom rejoiced to learn that 15,000 galley slaves were released from the Turkish ships. Turkey's overlordship of the Mediterranean was permanently ended. Don John of Austria was the most celebrated hero of his century, but today his name is not a familiar one. However, there was in his fleet a gentleman serv- ing as a private soldier whose left hand was maimed in the battle, and who had therefore to turn to writing to support himself. The book he wrote is one of the world's greatest treasures, and his name much greater than that of his illustrious admiral. The name of the V gentleman was Miguel de Cervantes, and the name of . the book is Don Quixote. Sometimes the pen is ',' . . 9 mightier than the sword. The Battle of Lepanto marked the climax of the H 5: development of Spanish seapower. Philip II was a 155 , 'VY - I-W, glorious monarch, and he was also an extraordinarily u p' l,-qi devout Catholic. Having crushed the infidel in the 1--f 1 l'y7Z-'2'fIf2f- East, Philip's next thought was to stamp out the 3 heretic in the North. England had recently pro- H X L- Iv E claimed herself a Protestant state, and at the same A ' 1 A155 X, g time her sailors were becoming an increasingly annoy- x s ' ing threat to Spain's commerce with her American xg X empire. Seventeen years after Lepanto, in 1588, Catho- N53 X lic Europe led by Spain again put forth its naval might in the Great Armada. Hifi The story of how the superb seamanship of the English and the deplorable seamanship of the Spanish combined to the utter destruction of the Spanish Knight of St, John Armada is familiar to everyone who speaks the English language. The English ships were faster and handier than the Spanish, and the men in them were all ex- The Turkish center was commanded by their ad- perienced sailors. The English guns were of longer miral Ali Pasha, their right by Mahomet Sirocco, and range, more accurate, and more numerous than the their left by Uluch Ali. Don John led the Christian Spanish, and their gunners were better shots, The van with a Venetian named Veniero on his left and a English lost 200 men and no shipsg the Spanish lost Genoese named Andrea Doria on his right, the Mar- everything. quis of Santa Cruz commanded the reserve squadron. During the seventeenth century the naval contest The battle WHS met by the violent assault of Don John's was between England and Holland, and was fought galleasses, which threw the Turks into consternation. mainly in northern waters. Before the defeat of the The Christian left wing soon obtained the upperhand Armada the story of naval warfare took place almost Over their opponents, but on the other wing Uluch exclusively in the Mediterranean, but now the stage fn. , 116 I of world history was expanding rapidly. The develop- ment of tht sea-going ship to replace the land-bound galley played at great part in this expansion. 'l'he gal- ley could not carry more than three or four day's sup- ply of water for its crew, but the ship could remain at sea for months. Naval strategy and tactics were dras- tically revised. The English and the Dutch were both nations of first-rate seamen, but gradually, in the course of three long naval wars, the greater wealth and population of England prevailed. ln the eighteenth century Great Britain acquired India and found herself on the path of Empire. Im- mediately naval control of the Mediterranean became the principal concern of British policy, and the story of seapower returned to its birthplace. At this time France was by far the greatest military power in the world. During the XVar of the Spanish Succession at the beginning of the century she could be held in check only by a vast alliance of all the other European powers. Frances interest was primarily continental, which induced her rulers to under-estimate the im- portance of the navy. In the end the policy of dis- counting sea power was to prove fatal to France. Great Britain maintained a fleet in the Mediter- ranean very much like the Sixth Fleet today, but she did so for hundreds of years, during which time her sailors fought innumerable battles. XfVe shall look at only one of these, the most important of them all and the one that settled the issue, Lord Nelson's Battle of the Nile. Nelson's reputation as the greatest of the world's Hghting sailors rests principally on three smashing victories, the Battles of the Nile, of Copenhagen, and of Trafalgar. The second of these, the Battle of Copenhagen, was a diversion made necessary when Denmark and Russia threatened to reverse their alli- ance and join with Napoleon's France against Great Britain. It was the Battle of the Nile which made the Mediterranean a British lake, and the Battle of Tra- falgar which hnally crushed the French navy. Before the Battle of the Nile Nelson had an excellent reputa- tion in the service, but thereafter he was all the world's darling, and the spirit of the French navy had suffered a blow from which it never fully recovered. At the beginning of the year l798 Nelson was in England recovering from the amputation of his right arm, after four and a half years of service in the Medi- terranean. Although Great Britain had recently been successful in several sea battles, her overall military situation was grave. Napoleon's amazing campaign in northern Italy had forced Austria ont of the war, and the new Emperor of Russia, Alexander Il, was waver- ing in his alliance. YVhen Nelson sailed to rejoin the Mediterranean fleet in April, rumor was spreading that Napoleon was mounting a great amphibious force in Toulon' its destination was only conjectural. Ns soon is IN: lson in Vangumfl came up to the fleet, which was blockading Cadiz, Lord St. Vincent, the commander-in-chief, dispatched him with two other ships to Toulon to investigate the activities of the French fleet. This was a detached command of the greatest importance, and St. Vincent passed over a number of more senior officers, who complained loudly to the Admiralty, in selecting Nelson. As soon as Nel- , Zfig 1 , A W I I ,ff ' ,lf ,- 4 ,O Y .flpfi lf AX ci , , C I c 6 I f xv- 1 Saracen son had entered the Mediterranean and was approach- ing his station off Toulon he ran. into the first of the hard luck that plagued him in this operationg Van- guard lost her masts in a storm. The ships made an emergency anchorage in Sardinia where all three crews contrived to jury-rig her masts in three days, but most unfortunately the senior officer in Nelson's frigates had assumed that Nelson would have to return to Gibraltar, and had done so himself. Nelson was shortly reinforced by ten more line-of-battleships, but he was without his fast reconnaissance vessels when his first crucial task was to find the French. It became apparent from news from passing mer- chantmen that the French were at sea. Nelson rounded Corsica to the north and put in at Naples for more information, where he learned that the French were attacking Malta. Transiting the Straits of Messina, Nelson spoke a ship on 22 June which informed him that the French had taken Malta on 15 june and sailed the next day. A council of war was called to de- cide where in the vast sea to search for the elusive French fleet. Judging from the facts that the wind was westerly and that the latest news was six days old, it was decided to search the Eastern Mediterranean. Nelson's imagination settled on Alexandria, the route of an army destined for India. The passage to Egypt was very fast, 800 miles in six days. Nelson was dismayed to find Alexandria harbor empty' he had brought his fleet far away from his station, and still had no real knowledge of the enemy ll7 TOULON I I 1. E.. I . s m ' ,x 1 X f I A v Il X I , X xxx Il X , ,I I 1 7 1 . :i , , S A ., 1' Nxz 1 x '-11 I X ' N 1x2-.. z,. .- ' .7' 1 sX.' . x -+A mf . 1 : x , X ag, :- , . 'Q ' , I E u'.'.'3' 3 5. . N 'i ,X : ' xx-..-07' .Q..2' '-1:I gf. ' f' Q Y Q Q23 ..-if' -- . 'la 'I E I N -is U ..,X.:..: O .I fl 4 - xx 5.5, 9 ' 32.4, Q a 'ia' f X TG EL -.aw ' ' ' ':f1. ll: If JUNE ,X Q .f-.a:I. PV -was 9 Q 2 ',...:1z:: .2 1 '51 23 v 6 , ' 5: Lg ,, 'ix 4,125 o e Q fff ' nt. - xx X 1 ' N. .- '-P- ' '3'-3. - x::T'-N NNN Q ,-.--f I n',, NI -. X '---- -- - -- -v I f I . 'I-..-sp MALTA xx XX 'I ,f I un, xxx N-N..,.,--,,,f' I ue JUNE! Nc, X ,' as FN- X , , ,I ' x ,,-' 1 ----- BRITISH en N-cs i ,J 'f:5.:. ' N-NN 'X '17-I AUG .I 'i ' NN N fre. FRENCH ' SCALE KMIJ 200 400 600 n,:,f, Nl... '---r- -11' ,.., -4 :FALEXANDRIA ze JUNE The Sea Chase Having come this far he resolved to search the eastern shore, although he was not optimistic. His luck was very bad again, for had he turned back immediately he would have run into the heart of the French fleet. lt had actually left Malta on I9 -Iune, giving it only three days lead instead of six, and Nelson's fast war- ships had passed the slowytransports hull- .,..x X K i xx--Wy' ,fl down over the horizon in the night. Nel- I 'MJ xxx 'N ff! son had arrived at Alexandria on 28 June, I , H ,,,. ,,,, 5 ,XX F' at which time the French were right behind .wif ND XX- him. Nelson returned to Sicily on 18 July, l-X a whole month gone by without a scrap of 1' A Xxx. ,,' information. Four days were spent replen- rjzf' fxxx XI ' ,,,' ishing, still without news, during which R, f.f'N,X SHOAL WATER X-I ' nflflf time Nelson concluded that if there were -'mx all in 'N'--XX. IFN-f rr ,cfflf I no news at Sicily the French must indeed Lx I A Xi k 'm'F i7Z5 - ,ll I' I : have sailed to the East. xx, .ff T! iff, Il I' f F l It was part of Nelson's genius that he was ,..,. 5 I i I I i more than willing to sail to the ends of the I li B l : I l : earth to find the enemy. Later, before Tra- .ff Il s Xxx I I I : I lalgar, he was to chase the French across the I! I ' NI Q 1 I I I Atlantic to the XfVest Indies and back again Ii lx i B 5 I I I before succeeding in bringing them to ac- xxxx I I : tion. Now he sailed back again to the East. X I3 ' I I this time going by way of Greece. There I' I he learned that Napoleon was invading N 0 I I Egypt, and again he rushed to Alexandria. G, 6 I' This time the British were elated to find If the harbor full of French shipping, until 0 I they realized that the ships there were all ,f transports and merchantmen, the French 0 f fleet was gone. Nelson was heart-broken: . Q f - -I he had given Napoleon more than a month BRIIHSH 0 ls i'N ! in which to conquer Egypt, and had al- Q FRENCH 0 I' ,fy lowed the fleet to get off scot-free. W'ith- -,-' ff' Ollt much hope, the British continued cast, 0 I LVN ,lf--Nw ,ff I-.-.X ,KW 0 N .1 1' f' X' l H3 .... r 1 K f - 'I 4' 1 f determined not to miss any chance. lhere, just around a bcnd in the coast-line, in -Xboukir Bay, were the French Thirteen shipsol-the-line were anchored far back tery of cannon set up on an island The French were in individual fights. It was the most overwhelming victory the modern world had seen, and Nelson be- came overnight the only man in the world who could be mentioned together with Napoleon who was now stranded in Egypt thousands of miles from France. After the Battle of the Nile control of the Mediter- J t A A I in very shallow, treacherous waters, covered by a bat- ' ' t c , A V sighted at 1500 while two of Nelsons thirteen ships were far astern returning from Alexandria harbor, and another was astern towing a prize. It was obvious to the French admiral that Nelson must wait for his ships to come up, and that he could not navigate those waters at night. It was obvious to Nelson that he was going in to destroy the French as fast as the wind would carry him. During the many weeks at sea Nelson had called his captains together time and again to discuss tactics. When the time came there was no confusion and in- decisiong Captain Foley in Goliath led the line not only through the shallows, but around the head of the French line to strike them on the inboard side. As he approached he took a heavy beating from the leading French ships, but he held his own fire. A good sea- man, he knew that the water between the anchor buoy and the bows of the leading ship must be deep enough, and his only concern at the moment was to have ga clear view of that buoy unobscured by gunsmoke. As he scraped by he raked the Guerricre from stem to sterng when five British ships had done the same Guerriere was a dismasted wreck. Nelson in the sixth ship saw that it was time to double up on the French line, and came to anchor opposite the third ship. The seventh and eighth British ships brought up opposite the fourth and fifth Frenchmen, and the van was out- numbered eight to five. It was dark when the ninth and tenth British came up, and they dropped too far down the line, Belleroplton found herself opposite the French flagship, L'Orient a giant of 120 guns, and Majestic was all alone in the French rear. In the van the French were being crushed, but Majestic and Belleroplmn suffered severely. Bellero- phon was at last forced to cut her cable and drift out of action, but just then the three trailing British ships came up, and all three engaged L,O7'I'67'lf. A fire was started, and the British directed their guns against the French Hre-parties. The flames spread, and as neighboring ships realized what must inevitably occur they cut their cables to get away. L'O1'1'ent exploded with awful forccg for minutes the battle ceased while every sailor stared. At last a gun hred, and the fright- ful work went on. After midnight the battle petered out from the sheer exhaustion of the men. When dawn broke the first six French ships had struck their colors, I.'O1'ient had disappeared, two others were run ashore, and one was just being taken. Of the three sound ships left, one ran aground attempting to flee. while the last two made good their escapeg Nelson later had the satisfaction of taking each of these ships ll9 ranean and of the seas of the world was firmly in British hands. Napoleon, like Hitler, went on to prepare a plan for a huge operation to invade Eng- land. Like Hitler he asked his admirals to control the English Channel for one day and he would conquer the world. Hitler's admirals were able to dissuade their ruler, but Napoleon's admirals were forced to make a desperate effort to concentrate their fleet, and 1' 1 13: , cv .' 'wtf I' g .gi 'E X X ' fs- X I' ,f I 7 5 Q - ffffzfif -riff if 1. ,ll .X - ,gi l 19th Century Navigator were beaten by Nelson at Trafalgar. In both cases these would-be conquerors were forced to turn East, to defeat in the vast and bitter reaches of Russia. As early as 1854, Alexis de Toqueville, a Frenchman travelling in America, was able to predict that the future of the world would be decided by two young giants growing up in the West and in the East, Amer- ica and Russia. For almost a hundred years there- after, the world stage continued to be dominated by Britain, France, and Germany, but in 1959, the truth of de Toqueville's prophecy is all too apparent. Before the twentieth century, the stability of Europe was maintained by the balance of power which meant, in practice that England took it as her responsibility to form an alliance against whatever power grew strong enough to threaten the European order. This was possible because then there were any number of powers in Europeg the peculiar quality of today's international situation is that militarily there are only two powers in the world. International politics has spread from Europe to include the whole world, so the problem of the Mediterranean is not our only problem, but lf remains one of the most important and difficult that we face. dle East has always derived from the fact that they are at the center of the worlds trade routes. In nrodern times the construction of the Suez Canal and the dis- ffreat apprehension of an invasion of Fngland but as long as the lleet was fueled and the Impire re- threat to Britain s existence was that Germany might take the oil-fields of the Middle East and close the Nlediterranean. The slrort-sightedness of Hitler was . - - Q O Q Q J Q f ' J f Q Q . Q Q . . Q . Q - The importance of the Mediterranean and the Mid- mained intact this danger' was not very real. 'I he real u L C K ' J 4 C l I , Q , 1 4 I Q 1 4 1 1 if J Y Y y 1 A , Q covery of the ry orld s richest petroleum deposits in the Middle East have only increased this importance. Be- cause of these considerations, Great Britain has long made it the object of her foreign policy, second in importance only to maintaining the balance of power, to control the Middle East. It is also the fact that the power Great Britain feared in the Middle East was Russiag for centuries, Russia has striven to penetrate this area in order to gain access to the Southern seas. In the nineteenth century when the Ottoman Empire in Turkey was breaking up, Great Britain and France fought the Crimean XfVar against Russia to prevent her from establishing a naval base on the Black Sea. Russia eventually succeeded in winning the Black Sea, but by incorporating modern Turkey into the W'estern family of nations, the YVest has so far pre- vented Russia from reaching the Mediterranean. IfVe have seen that for a thousand years, the YVest has been constantly at war with the Moslem East. Con- sidering this, it is almost incredibly fortunate that Turkey should now be such a strong friend and ally of the YVest, and it is not at all surprising that the other Moslem nations should now be so reluctant to join us. Fortunately they are reluctant to join Russia for the same reason, that for centuries Russia has been strry ing to conquer them The Arab nations remem ber when the Christian nations trembled at the strength of Islam and like eyery other nation in the world they do not uelcome the idea that today there are only two powers There are 90 000 000 Arabs in the Middle East if they were united they would make the fifth or sixth most populous nation rn the world In both the First and Second YVorld Wars Great Britain deyoted a great part of her effort to the cam paigns rn the Middle East In YVorld VVar I Italy was on her side which greatly facilitated her problems of communication but Turkey was on Germanys side which gravely threatened both the main artery and life blood of the Empire the Suer Canal and petro leum Great Britain was able to hold the Middle East, but she was sorely defeated when she attempted to wrest control of the Dardanelles from Turkey in the great Gallipoli campaign In W'orld War II until 1944 when the defeat of the western powers against the Axis was concentrated rn the Mediterranean area The air Battle of Britain and the sea Battle of the Atlantic caused frightful suffer ing but the indomitable spirit of the British and the productive capacity of Amerrcr preyented them from affecting the course of ysar In 1910 there was one of the factors in his defeat' one of the greatest errors was to leave the Mediterranean war to Italy' until it was too late. It was a peculiarity of the war in North Africa that because the Axis held the center of the coast and Britain held Egypt their supply lines crossed in the middle of the sea. Throughout the war both sides found their supply lines in the greatest jeopardy. The Italian commander in Africa was most reluctant to mount an offensive towards Egypt because of this fact, and the British attempted to pass only the most vital equipment through the Mediterranean, only when absolutely necessary. The land war in Africa was the longest campaign of the whole war because every advance petered out in the desert as the delicate supply lines became over-extended. The Italians drove the British, the British drove them back, Rommel drove the British, the British drove him back, Rommel tried again, and again he was driven back. The ob- jective of the Axis was Alexandria, and Rommel came within seventy miles of it, but failed. At last, late in 1942, the Americans landed on the western coast of North Africa, a great effort was made, and the Ger- mans were pressed from both sides into a corner in Tunisia, where they were defeated There were many other campaigns around the Mediterranean 1n Greece the Italians were rgnomm- rously repulsed by the small Greek army with British assistance but Hitler bailed out his pompous ally and conquered Greece the Germans went on to take Crete in the only campaign of the war to be supplied en- tirely by air in the Middle East the British won cam- paigns in Syria Iraq and Iran against Germans and the Vichy Irench In 1943 the Allies were at last strong enough to take the offensrye and they did so in the Mediterranean, first rn Sicily and then on into Italy Italy gave up the ghost as soon as the first land- ing was made but the Germans were determined to hold all of Fortress Europe and the fighting is as so bitter that the Allies advanced at the rate of only one mile a day The result of Britain s long hnd struggle is as th rt she suryrved to help drive home the defeat of Cer- many It was brought home to us in the YN est that America at least to our friends in Luropt Mean- uhrle however the rerl issue of the is n is is being fought on the steppes and m nshlands of Russrr Hitler h rs been considered stupid to hue rttuked Russia but probably he would hue rs orded it if he had thought rt possrhlt Russia his loomed large in 0 Q , Q Q Q Q . Q . . . c ' . 4 . , , ' ' Q , , Q . . . Q Q Q . Q. . Q Q Q . r Q . Q . . . Q Q Q Q Q . Q Q . . Q . Q . . Q . . Q . . . . . . Q QQ Q , , Q Q Q . Q , Q . Q Q , . Q . Q Q - Q Q QQ . QQQ . ' ' ' ' ' ' '. , 2 ' t ' if 2 ! l . Y I . 'f ' Germany was certain, practically the whole effort of the Mediterranean is absolutely vital, if not to ' ' ' . . ' ' ' ' ' , if , ' 2 ' .'.' x f 'z ' 'z, ' Q f ' - ' l Q' 'r 'Az 21 t ' ' ' ' 1 ' 1 1 , 1 z ' - f :f'zf'- ' ' ' 1 ' ' '-- I ' L. 1 B v. as . ' l..fl . .,.. ,. . - the unnds ol western statesiueu lor hundreds ol years. and lor lllllltllftls ol years Russia has considered ll her destiny to Hllltllltll' the world. ln .XlllCl'll'2l, be- cause we are new on the world stage ourselves, and because fi0llllIllllllSlll is a novelty. we tend lo over- look the lacl that Russia had been expanding' mightily ,,.X f 'I' l fllllllll I x:,',gTl , 11 j N A, W -. -A 'YV' , ,xg 4 ' . If X Fl gf-r 25:3 if: United States Navy and irresistibly long belore the Communist Revolu- tion. Russia has been feared and lought by France, by Great Britain, and by Germany. These three have fallen from their eminence while Russia, with all her suliering, has grown and grown. The reason we serve in the Sixth Fleet is that there is now no one else to do the job of holding Russia. The first war in the recorded history of the VVest, the Trojan XVar, was fought over the rich commerce of the Middle East and the trade routes of the Mediterranean Sea. Today, three thousand years later, the commerce of the Middle East is in oil instead of spices, we sail in steel ships instead of wooden ones, we are armed with devastating special weapons instead of spears. The problem, however, remains the same. This prob' lem has passed lrorn Troy, lo Greece, to clilllllilglf, to Rome, to Bylillllllllll, to Arabia, to Spain, to Frante, to lingland, and now to us. Not. all these powers have passed awayg the problem as it passes to us is com- plicated by the lact that we must care lor the interests ol' England and France on the one hand, and the in- terests ol Arabia on the other. XfVe see that Greece and Turkey are still bitterly opposed. The problem of Israel, the oldest ol them all, is now also in our hands. Today the concentration of the modern forms of power, unimaginably destructive, into the hands of two governments, unalterably opposed, makes the problem of the Mediterranean far graver than it has ever been in its long history. Now that we have inherited this problem, we have resolved to cope with it to the best of our ability. It is our hope that in time, if we are patient, generous, and understanding, the vital business of the world, and particularly of the Middle East, can be made to run smoothly and peaceably. That is why the sailors of the Sixth Fleet are considered to have two missions rather than one. YVhen we were at sea we were asked to stand ready to nght again the interminable, heart- breaking wars of the world, when we were in port we were asked to show the world that men can live to- gether in peace. This book tells the story of how well we have succeeded in these assignments, it tells how at sea we endeavored to be strong, and how in port we endeavored to be friendly. Each of us remembers that we were strong and that we were friendly, we only hope that as world history goes on it will be shown that we were good enough. Nelson, Victor of Trafalgar, reflects Britain's great naval tradition. IZI Zn ilwmnriam LTJG THOMAS H. REID LT THOMAS A. BANTA LTJG JAMES E. PEARSON JR. LT WALLACE D. ARBUCKLE LCDR GEORGE H. GARDNER JR. LT BERT W. BISHOP JESSIE L. LAUGHLIN SN RAYMOND P. SZPAICHER AA LTJG RONALD W. CUMMINES VA-86 VA-72 VA-75 VA-75 VA-72 VA-75 Sth DIV V-1 DIV VF-71 1.4 .Y 4...- nav' .nm '11, f7m: --' 'Q- -.. 4 --n, 'i'w1.!:, -w-qu., ., N M. S-0'-f n 'NWI-an ..- ,ywrd uv fp.. I --...,.., J., 1- A K Q .., .k . N... htm --A Q y----- nf , CH' --H gs ,, -sm 'Bs' ,,-,, , ,par -15' dr 4 -9 AQQLV ,Kar , 'J-V if I4 Lv 'ow we K 2 ACK LEDGME l2.5 The compilation of a book of this sort results only from a com- bined effort, and the editor wishes to take this last opportunity to ex- press his thanks to those who gave so generously of their time and ability. I am deeply indebted to Chaplain Robert Heim whose masterful line drawings enrich these pages. His unllagging interest and energy were matters of the greatest personal satisfaction. Special thanks is also due Ltfjgj Norton M. Hall for his pene- trating and incisive article on the significance of sea power in the Medi- terranean. He was instrumental in the conception of the book. In his capacity as business manager, it was the unhappy task of Herbert Rammrath to remind a sometimes surly editor that deadlines were falling due, to coordinate schedules and maintain sub- scription lists. WOI Sigurd Moe. Nicklay PHl. and the staff of the ship's photo lab were untiring in their efforts and bore themselves with admirable stoicism under a barrage of last minute demands from the editor. Mr. George M. Strohecker of the PRIDEIXIARK PRESS brought his knowledge and experience to the production of the book for which we are both appreciative and grateful. The photographs accompanying Mr. Hall's article are by courtesy ol' The Marinerls lNIuseum, Newport News, Virginia. Finally, the editor wishes to express his personal thanks to the some two thousand oflicers and men of the Rrmdolph who bought this book on faith alone. 63? NX' 'WS r . X 'Rf if Q ,i ' wa ' - I r 5 4 X. . DIVISIQNAL SUPPLEMENT p'x M 'Y f Y f ff X fg 72? I. I ' xx J V 523 I , - il fl K - N A ' 126 Q . ,,'. f . . 'I' I :!.4- 1 a..4t1'.4 .1.: . A 1. 1' V-1 DIVISION H M. li'ii.i lA.j'.' in wikgfzll: l.ii'iilJb. H.. Salts, L., Hoclgt-, lf.. Halvy. Y.. l.ainontagnr'. R., Clastr.-ttt'i'. L., Laphain. D., Bishop, F.. XX'ald Bnrzlcr. QI.. liiulit-ll. Al.. Brown, E., X'ickt-rs, Cook, Xi1'1'I'I1lllIfJIl, Cl.. Cox. I-X., Pc-tcrson, XY.. LT NI. HCFDSI.'-Slt'l'07lUl Rozzf Franlilin ll . Hcartl. XX' . Nlziisli.-I.. ifzisvoiic. Ht-liwiq, R., He-nning. L., l'i'ic'c'. D., Griivcr. T.. SIUX'f T, R., Stxlohn. K.. XVlialcn, R.. Banvroft. L, Quinn. HIY.. Riiiibn-ll. R.. Dowling, P., XX'zu't-, 'Il21X'lOl', 'lf Yhfnf linzti: Dipalina, F., Sinitli, I7., Eaglev. XV., fXIoorc-. XVild. R.. Bic l..ini'in. Li., Batt-s, P.. Iilinorc, NI., Tcssicr. H.. Svlinizitt, D.. Graff-mf, R., Clliandlcfr. L.. Laway. R., Allisomj.. Tutcn, R.. Este-lp. G., I-Iolighes R. .XIJimf.g.' .XI'111SII'OI1Q. R. ABC. Nlzilonv. fl., XV21lCL'I'. R.. 'IRL-sszzr. .-X.. Bvggs. A., Powcm, D.. lXIurphv. H., Avc'linO. R.. Bclltritn. D.. Brown I. Lfvsam. R., Conlcy, D., Dooley, S.. Doss. R.. Iftlit-riclgs-, L.. Ifijal. R.. Fox. O.. Ifoyc-, R., Franlfcl, R.. Hutchiion. X'., john. Kcein H.. Riinpstvr, R.. Krydcr. Rucnning. 'I'.. lXIassic', IJ., fklvaiilvy, fXIc'Donnvll, R.. Rlontgonicry. Neidivcf. Rf 'Nelson G. lk-iidt'i'Q1'Liss. XY., Pine. A.. Reilly, L.. Rt-ynolds. R., Roln-rts, G.. Robinson, R.. Silva. Ii.. Slinqsby.IR., Smith, Sosa. Stephenson. Stone: Siiinnivrfivld, C.. Sylvvstvr, Cf., llioinpson. R.. XX zitt1-rs, M., XX'i1-c'Zorr'k.'I',, X'X7i1-rzlnirki. XVilkins0n, XX'ormutli, Xixxitz. R. 'mx K' 'T . I R V I. I 7 I I . L -.li '. A 'i-A at--4 'a - - ' ' -3 'Ja v' F Q A v V-2 DIVISION f'1ufHnzf' M511 ln rzglzlj: Lvrllorcl. XX3 l z1lJi'izio. R. I .. LntZ..l. NI.. Szniclcrs. R. H., XX'illJt'l'. G. H.. Rive-rs, R. .X.. Salsburv. R. L.. 5hUl1'l'. D. R.. PCtr0m'. I . R..4ICJllFllHfl, R. li.. Hrvaiit, Cf. X'., Cilziiiino. NI. H . ill. CI.. Klvcrs XXI I2 Frccnian D XX' C'lavton'H I Raccufci. I, Knl. Hough. IC. R.. Hzirtkv. D. Il.. Slirleirvr. R. R. iS,. 'I'IlIIIf ICU-tru' Rnggit-ro. B. X'..'Dillarcl.. R.. XX'a1'cl, PA. I7..'Covl'V, Li.. gzeitkowski, S F P NL' ' ' ' . oqorri '1. C... liarrow, lilzigq, XXL fl.. Bowvrs. NI. IC., Rim'lizirclSon. L., Cook. C IXIKIITHX' XX' 'IZ Hinclmali B Clhryslvr. H. D., Bias, H. A., Xlt-llon,.I..I.. 'l'lizu'lu'r. IZ. N.. Knoll. H. Cf..'l It'1n'ic'ks. I.. D.. I33'orit'k. Lylv. E. G.. BuClirlC. G. T.. Davis, I. D.. Kofi-n. R. XY. Clhivlk zincl Ofiic'c'rs: ll. Busby .-XISCI. XX'O'I. .X. Tlioinas. LT. R. .X. fXIz1c'kt'll. LT. VIR. Porter. .Xll4.Y.VI'7IQ.' Altcinus. G. A., C' h H R Clrvc XX' ' ' ' ' ' four' , . .. cz, fry. '. Ia.. llonvs. lu. C... XX'. N. l.ooinv'r. ABCI. Xlills. CT. H.. Oswzilfl. D. R.. Stinson, XY. XXX. Talib. H. R.. TIIKUC. I. R.. XX little-r. D. 'H I i?'iXi-,jab-inf.-'k'f f ..-...L V-5 DIVISION f I. i iff., fffffffi I.ll2IITl'i'I', R 'lj lolli, 5. liiumesizi. LQ., I.:-inazir. .-X. G.. Hollvy. R. A.. fXIt'i'ica. R. XX'.. Rilev, T. C., IJFIIIIOII, T.. Hf,.,.f P XX . llzifn-i--Jiri. R.. Howl. lp. XX'. Lrxinel-'r', R. R.. Hziynvs. .X D.. Nvwroinlb. R.. Bzllincs. R.. IX1oSsf'll. R. IXI.. Tabro, A. Sfrrrrzff pf., f my IJ j., lem. R. IJ. l'liilpt,v. K , Di-m-ffm. XY. R . Kim-tin. A.. NIvRinn0y. C.. .-Xnclvrsnn. D.. johnson. K.. Trcxlrr. P. D., IXIQC- ,1,j1,,,, K, H I,,.44.,, X I Hwy: lin km IJ. X.'+itfirlx'. CI I... Ifriltil. R. Ii.. Nlnslm. XY.. IZVCS. I . .-X.. lXl2lt0x'iCli, ll. 417717111 Rmzy' lXIOOrC, R. b.. ,,,A,,,j,.,. H I, Cjfmj-, r, Y glljllh I5 I., IlfllIlll I'I, R.. lJmtguii..I. ll. Xlurillrr. XX.. I:21l'lJ!'I'.cl.Ci..IfiI1iClI'X',kI. IXI., Nlitfltvllul. A.. 'I'aylOr. i XX Slmvr. XX' I 1l1,.zfwp' filvzng. ll l. Hmmlvk. . Rilpzirrirk. C.. iXI..VI1l10ITlI'7SOl1.fVI..IlAl'CXlVIA.-I. O., Taylor. N.. FIICIQ- Ru SCIICYS- 1 i..f,i..,-.-1. if mf.,,At..'.t. r. i. iiamuf-.. nw i.. 1 lr-.1 W. f..kf.QL.t. it lXuX'nll. A iv. xfffnflvl. K. I IflElNlf f'l- U. Xxf'klf'Y'- U Ft- lv21rfvpY'1r1 ll ' I V-4 DIVISION Fin! Row flffff to righfj: Lins, C.. Yaeomino. Sotelo, P., Brumlielcl, I . If.. Sl1'Lll'lillOllI, NV. Seissons. Y. Ii.,,XV2iL501'1. R. I-.. Carr. L. Abbott, I., Berger, B. K., Reddiek, C. L., Chambers, E. L. Smfrzfl Row: CNVO G. H. Orr. DIV- OIIICCIL Collins, Nl. G., fllafld. R, E., Bedore, NI. D., Hargreaves, T. F.. HllDI,J. F., Hall, G. L., I.oekwoocl. H. C., Adams. R. M.. Goss. R. H., C,sc-rvenyalc, NI. I' .. Talley, C. N., Hamel, D. L., Ranalli, P. N.. Sims. L., Chesna. A. YV. ABC. 'lifIz'r1llfI1zI'.' Tullos, A. I... Albert. H. IV.. Nayffs. K. R.. Mattson, LI. B., Emery, R. L., Carroll, G.. Steele, R.. Xleacl. N. R., BaI'kIIoIIi, R. I... XVatenpool. R. I... Lucas. G. A.. Spatz. G. E.. Stinglejs. D. E. V-5 DIVISION Front Row Qld! Z0 rightjs Pattee,J. G.. Armstrong, H., Eehevarria, I., Fernandez, G. X'Vhitlow, R. B., Fielaek, G. E.. Constantin. T. IV. Dunlap, B., Stephans. D. K., Reid, T. C., Solesbee, lvl., Lemon, IN. H., Isaacs, C., lNfIoI'row. T. R. Sfmmz' Roux' Briggs, F.. Hackney T. F., Stoekman, VV. C. AOC. Thomas, YV. YV. ChX'VOl, Schmidt, P. R. LTfjgj, Nlurray, L. B., LCDR, Shipman. L. LCDR. Carson J. C. AOC, VVaIaeh, A. Sims, G. K., Zollner. A., Adams, W., Owens, G. Thin! Row: Pattee. F. NI.. King. G. L. A.. Carlandei R. E., Guiliano, NI. P., Stoebe, YV. F., Sellers, C. Rice, B. M., Alexander, L. Bump, C., Ivlarvin, G. Geipel. A.. DIICILLI. H. fviaddox, L. D., Wlitt, D. E.. O'lVIalley, P. Fourlfz Row: Beagle, D. L., Nlosby, R. D., Bartrug, D. L., Bateman. IV.. Capel. R. L.. Lowen har, B. N. .Iu'z'.I5z'ng.' Aday, R. R., Dratman, H. IVI., Potts, R. E., Duncan, S. Johnson, V., XVeider. L. C., Harman. R. E.. Riddle G. O., Dority, E., Shinn. B. L., Fitzgibbons. R. S.. Gbur, G. P., Gibson, C. C., VVashington, R. I I EW , v-6 DIVISION Mn! Rum Ilqfl ln fllgflll' ADCJ. H. lNlaI1rII'y, I.CDR R. A. Baekey. Manclelik. IIIIIII, R., NIvI.eisII. R.. Snow. kl., IRYIILQ, R.. l.itIIIII. R Clliefallo, I isIIeI', C., Dominguez, I If'f'IiII12III, Fl. l.., I,2lllHf'I', fi., Bragg, II. Nmmf! lCmf': .XYt'l'y, C., I.oI'tIIs. AI.. Rapp, G.. IXJII. R SIITIITIS, Hall, C.. IFIITIICIOII, H., llllclson, R.. fi0lIII1Ql'l', K., I.:IIIgI'oI'II, R.. Collin, AX.. StI'icI,gI-I, S. I!1'I.I' lim IRRZIIRIIUX, ll., NIIIUIY II. Lanqmrvin, IN., lX'Ill1'I.fZlI1,fiI., Del Gallo. Iluurl, C., Nay, R.. Iii:-s, Nlulxvx, NI.. I.IIIIv1IsIf-I. Ci. III-nelex. I' if is 4 v-6 DIVISION -I fI -'vm INN! I'If1!QfJ.'I.' I.C.I3Ix R. .X. Iizivkvy. .XXICA C.. C.. HZIICIXYIII. X NC. I'. .X. RrIaI'II. IJIIIIII. I.. XNIIMJII. Cl.. C IIcIc'I'uoIIcI. Cl.. Ellis, Cg. Xlifgi. Cf. IILIIQU. R.. Silung. SIIITI-IIIIIIII IJ.. 'I'iI'IIIIa. .S'fz'mIf!lfrI11'.' CiI'aIIaII1. R.. CJIIIZIQHII. Ii.. XYIISOII. B.. Xlarlin. Ru QjUm.mgmn 1.-V .XIlI'II. I'lI1IIIiI'k.-I.. Lung. R.. IJIJIIIUIIOI, CI.. XYIoIIzI1'I'zyk. IX.. R21IlfII.'I. R.. Kcllscw. If. II. 'lhfzfi Rnzfx' IiI'PwI'1'. Yan ITILTI. D.. AIUHCICJNYSI NY.. 'II-ska. I... IIIII'I'III-I-Is. If.. Cirmk. I'IUI'lIllZiI1. I... NIlII'C'IlISOIl, CI., C'lofIII'Ian. IDOIIITIY. IJ.. I.ZII'lIJI1C'I'C'. AD.. HZiFIDIx!'Pl11.'Ii. D. .II1I.III.-III RII-IIIIIpvIw3 I.. IBIIIIIIQT. R.. I IJI'cl. Cin-y. Ifnglish. H.. I.z1IIslIoI'cI. D.. XYQIII. YV.. Su-vc-IIs'. CI.. xNIIII7OllI'IIi'. Kinlaw, SI LIjIIIig, XXI., IIIIIIC. I... IIIIIIQ. CI.. .XI'kI'I'IIIaII. II.. fXlc'CIoI'IIIic'k. H., Rfilrls. ID. A ' 'AGE Q Q H t H B ,DIVISION 1 A ' 1 v N. .fvfvf Imp NIJ! In fzbglzfjf XN1'Ighl. R.. 5III'c'Ls. IJ. CI.. NIICIICII. BYYEIII. II. I'... c.lIl'IICU. R. I.. II1I'm'I'. II. II.. NIvC.IIx. II. I'... I.I1cIxI'I-' ' S I II II II XX IJ ID. Ci.. Pigou. Lopvz. R. Ci.. ZI1I'I'z1c'c'. T. I... 'III'C'X'II1U. R. QIII. Rnaulm. Ix. F.. NNRIICII. R. I-.. IIt'I'll,'fj1l,Yf .' I'uxsIm. . CT.. 'aI'I'r.-II. ' .I . . . . , . . . . . , . ,. . . .. . 1117. 'N an .XCI'IIaIII. R. I'... fNIc'C.21I'VIIlI'. I.. I.. HIIIIIVIII. In. IL.. Uvst. IN. M.. Iark. IJ. I.. I1C'YC'C'. C.. .X.. IXIC'f'4'I'. IU. R. IQNS, HI-IIIIII. IU. IIII. SAIIIQO. K. Ci.. IfIIICI'y. IJ. I... Xv2iI'lC'IIC'. II. U.. Rugvrs. R. R.. CIIIa1IIIoIIIII'I. If. R.. XN'aIc'IIzIk. D. I... XYZIIIEICT. R. XI.. Ifmg'II'. CI. XY. NYU-I fi'1'rfffx'fIrI.' I'121IlI'II'lQ'CxI'. YY. .-X.. Imm. XV. H.. IJYIQIIOIISP. R. II.. Klopp. CI. NY.. Stolar. IP. IIC'I1C'Q?1I'. II. I... Lung. IJ. O.. I5I'ax-I-Q, II. .X.. fXIInkf'I, R. D., I'rmlIJII1I'aIi.4I. II.. SIIWTIIQ. III. IIII. CII'c'Qr1I'y. XY. II.. III-aly. CQ. If.. IIn'II. O. I7.. CTIe1I'ir'II. YY. IIII. IXITJSI. Ii. IIYIIIQV. U. Cf.. I.1lf'I'i2IIIIY. R. ID. T I7 B DIVISION ,I , If... I .I ,, ...III x1,,,.I,, R, ,Xu li.-Il, U, lg, NIIIIIIIIIII, I., IIII. XIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIW. 'If O.. I'JipIzII'icIcw. R. I .. Hl1I'I'i1'. R. lI1I.Nf'IIN'l'IwR- IX-- H I,I.I,ffj XIIIIHII I I XM-II II, I. XM, I-.IIQII-, Cf XY. NYU-l. XYIIMIII, CD. II.. XXIIIITIIVII. R. I3.. I3I'?lX't'S. II. .X.. KIAIIIIIIIII. D. Ii.. Uavivi. I. I' III' . 'R W.. VII-:II II R, Vw.. IIIUIJIIII. C.. II .. .-'XIIII-X. R II. .Nf'IIIf.'ff lifm. CiI'I'I.'II. I'. IIIIICI. SIMM Cf. IV.. INIIIVIIIAI. R. II.. IIIIIKIIIQF' VI, , If,Ifl I f CI V1I, I I...SII1IIII. I. lu. Iiiqgul I...IIZIIIIVY.C:..I..IIiiI'l'ISi..I.I...IXIf'Xf'l'. II. R. I2NS.NIII:1II. Il. Ci..'NfI111I7. IH Ci-- Iwf If 1 IIIIIMI I. X II . RIIIIIQIIIII. Ci., .XlllY'fIIklII'Ix. II IIII IIIIIIIX. III.. NIzIlIIIr'xI's. II II.. ClrisIImI'1. XV.. IIQIYIIS. IM IIII- IIHVIN- I If!! fI,,,5 fm. RIIIIIIII Ii. R NIIIIIII: XX. I.. IxIII.IkIII.wkI, R. CIIIIIIIIIIII. ID. Il.. SXIQIIILKI. I... NI20. I5 I...Nlf-lfII'I,I, I1--I'Ii'W I If II I II If II I I It II.II I I4 xI,,.I-I I4 II.I xI..I.IIII..I.-I. I' II.. MII.-C, R II. Yfifl. R F- ' Y' ',I ':I,V. If mf- . . PI ..I I . ,. I N. ,' . 2 I I -2, E A DIVISION Fin! Rott' Uqfl Io rzighlj: Roberts, N., Cartwright. C., NVallat't-, P., Copc. C., Quick, H., lJ1'0l'lOI', H.. Larnbt-ri, A., Rand. XY.. Riagg XY. W'heelcr R. W'ood T.. DVC Hcndricks. X'Vaitc. Fisclicr. H.. Grudzianclz, H. Smnzfl Raw: D'IC'C,lOllL1ITl, D., Euliank. C., Pifgrson F Nlann E, Bkncicl L. Hcziston H., Sticltlc-s, S.. Grillitli, YV., Somincrlatl, A.. Nickclls, lf.. Slictplicrd, D., Cahill, G., Gourand, Bcglc-y Bi! l2avc's,iA.'lGilos. Di, Elnert, N. 'l'hz'rf! Rmv: YVcavcr, R.. Hoppe, li., Hrown..I.. Livcly, C., Forsman, R., Rt-ynolds, VV., Owen, D., Tunabltt son B. W'ell,s. A. Putncv. D. Lalonclcr, G., Young. Harrison. O.. Bclchcr, G.. Watson. L., Gross, K. .lI1'1ifi11g.' Wfolfc. L.. Landry. Khireslli Stickinex' G.. iTICl1Z1HSliN'i, R., Simmons. Tackctt. B.. Tolvstad. D., Flynn. YV., Duluicki, YV., Kirkwood, R.. Niarura. F.. Smith I., Boyer, Falloxxisi Hcrdtnt-rl, R.. Bloorc. D.. Hartley, M.. Tomlinson, C., Lewis. B., Clay, A., Johnson, D.. Varney, Pribyl. Wlalsh, Beal, Lee, A., Barker, G., Greening. P., Carney, INIitcht-ll, R., Rcbcr, R.. Caglc, C.. Grimes, Annette, G., Blombar- ' NI l Xll Bt 'l K P ren. J., Pearson. D., Barrett, YV.. Gallman, YV.. Willianison, Y.. Reilly. G.. I at onna, G., .1 cn. -rri. .. Iuxton, Fowler. Xl. Harden, F.. Sucliland, BI.. IVCstpl1al, R., BIonda. Albcrt, R., Alinaroad, L. M DIVISION Frm! Rozz' Clif! In rzigfzfj: Patterson. P.. Armstrong, N.. Jones, R., Lemon, F.. Swenson, Tarvcr, B., INIillcr. YV.. Brown. F.. Baim. R. Seam: Row: Spcnglcr, Pickard. R., Lacroix, Nfullin, R., Prow, B., Nfintz, C., Langlois, VVht'clcr. G.. Kfirhacl. R.. Cook. C. 'I hfnl' Razr-- Bingharn, L.. Chaffey, VV., Crawford. xl., Orloski. WL, Norris. C., Crawford, W'ulfI', H. Q, , M D1vIs1oN l'Il'8f lfrmi Hr!! !1fr1.qlzll.' liyrnc-, 1.D.,.Nlzn'lin. R.. Muon-, Y., Dinsniorv. .X.. XN'illlwm'lwr. l... llxm-s, ll.. Hiivklvw, -I , Lllllaliglu, l' , XNviL.'t'l. bl.. VVICIHPV. R., Roqvrs. Mf'l,aughl1n, NV.. I :xirf'l1ilrl, XY. 521111111 lx'11:1': l t-rgusmi, IV., lilouin. .X., klimw-s, X.. Lusk, Al , ll.llx'llt'I. NY.. li.1x'sv: ff., C1ZllIIlJlJl'll. R., lS1'f'kr'l', l'., Iuppvr,-l.. N1-wlun, ll.,tlitltlinqsdl..H111-rm-ull. .Xt ll.llc',.I. lf'.111,. f.'11:1. LIli.1rnlwrs,l'.,Rvigvl,kl,Xlt kflain f 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1- , . , , 1 , lruyzuli, fr., fvJlI'I1l'r, l',, l'.flXV?ll'ClS, ll. .ll11i1ug' fqlsslfly lr, l'u-lnls, II, .X1lJlIll'i, ll., lxmlislm, lmqwtw, XX Q N11-tt-1', XX , XX.1Qx1in.1, lx . 1 , , .K , z .' KU1 . , - 1g,, ,I U . . ., . . '1 -1 '--4 ' 1 '-1 I 1, 1 . , x.l!rr1, ., Y' , , .U ' , .. 'nu , , . 4- Q . 1 . 1--1,x, ., v IIAIIIIVIQIUH- R-1l'V l7l9.,l.,50l1lli. l'., f1llI'Vt4l1'l'. lf., lllilvlt, ll.. Xl:11l'.u'l.lml. I1.. l7.lutQl1t'l'lx. IN., R1-llx,XN .hrusny ll., l1.l1lm'L1x X,N'IlH1X XV llilllllhl Xlflll I Hu lflllllf llmlt lx I I Ilofx l I ilwll I ll ul I XX ull u l I 111 I '1 1 l ll ul l'. ll., lmv, R., Xl:n1'Iir1,I'X',. RIINIIIIIQ, XX' - . I . 'ICAO O r S. 3U - AD 1 HI - JUI7 fi. iw E DIVISION . .IM lI'fI.I I.I,I.' III IIQXIII. I.:-I-, IS., Iinnvk, I ., IIIIIIII, NI.. I.IIc'zIs. S.. XvI'I'IIlZi, R.. .XI1IrIm.-I.. Denis. P.. NIIIIIIIZIII. I... DIIHQIIIIII2 NI.. AIIJIIIISIIYI. li., XYgIgIIvI', R., I.2ilIIlIIIK'1fl,S., Yulpn-,.I., I'm'Iu, R., XN'cIjII4iI'xx'Ic'z. I... CIII'IImI,.I.. Nlouxw-, IJ.. IXIIIIII1. CI.. .XIIvn,-I.. .IXIIII-II, II., Barllvy. NIiIc'I1I'II, I. .NI .'4f mr' Hun : Ray, R.. II2iLC'IIl'I', R., ISIIKIY, Cf., .XI1m'I', R., IIEIIITIII. fIzII'cIIIr'I', CI.. fIEiIIfIIlt'I', R., Dukct, II.. NIII1l'I'iIL'l'. ISiII1II'QaII. F., NAIIII. If., CSIXIII-cl, R.. Ring. Cl., XXv2lII'iK'l'. I... I.z1IIIIIII1Q, R.. XYrIjI'IIIski, Ii.. IJIIIIIQIII. .I--nkim. R.. O'fXIaIII'y. R.. NIUI1I211I21..X..INUXYIOII. L... IIIIIII-I3 'lfzfzfl lx'fI:r.' I'z1I'kc'I', Cf.. I IIlIli'I'2il1, R., Ilsgv. XY., Sc'IIIIIIz. IJ.. XYIIIIN, Cl.. SIIQIQIIQII-II, S., RIIIIIIII-Irv, CI.. I'1OFIl'I'. If.. I-IO1'I'lIIf'Y, D.. IIIII. R., Row:-, D., CIIIIIIJIIIIIQ. R.. Su-ad, CI.. I5rIIc'I4. Y.. XIQII. XY.. SQIIIIIIIIJIJII. S., fXIIIm'II. .S..iIrIII1IsuII, NICQIZIIIII, I'3aI'nc's. I.. Nxxivklivk, If., Ifllis, Nl., Ric'I121I'cIsIIII,'I. .Il1'IIz'zIg: RIIIIIIII-III-, XY., IIllI1IiI'I', II.. Rm:-Ihr-II, IQ.. IXIIIIIIIIIIIIQII. IZ., Palin. Cf.. SZIIHIIIICIA. D., Bill:-I1 If. IJUIABIIQ. LI.. I.y'mIs. R., Sc-ull, IQ., Pork. .X.. 'IIIIIIIIII-I'. R., CIIIIIIII. XVII-IcIr'II. Iivzms. CI.. fiiefwzak, D.. Iizuwn. IYLIIIIILIIS, XY., IJCIICILIIKXIS, clllISl'IlIDl'I'Ixf', CI., finkil, R.. III-I'IIzII'cI, II., INR-II, Ci.. Rzxisr-I-, XY., IIIIIICIIIIIQ, R.. ClIII-CIISII-I1 CI.. RIIIIIIIIIQ. Hillman, R.. XlvLIII'II1IIIcI. CI.. R4-I-cII'I', .'X.. I'zIIIkcIw, I'Qz1I'IIzxI4I. R.. I.cIIIIIIzII'cIrI. NI.. IYIIIILIIIIN, NY.. CTIIIIIII-II. NY.. Stilp. II.. IIfII'III'c'r'k. XY.. KII'NI'iII XI .XmII'I'soI1, Ix.. Ixziupp. Il.. I5m'c'n, R.. IXlII1I't'I', Iiox, Ci., 5l!JX'I'l', I.IIIII-I'II1iI'I1 Cf. IJIIINU. .X.. NI-xa-Inf. .X. I '- 12.3 . 22: N Aga li ' IA. pf-V va .4 ., I . 3 H I ' - .I , , M in , ,vt Na A ,. - IHII . ... .-.. . .. . B.. . . , -If A R DIVISION ln Il' iff!! In IIQIIIIJ f1zIfIIoII,C1., IWIIIIQIIIIII, IN., IIOYNVII, Cf., IIN, II.. IIIIIIQIWII. R.. Ruv. II.. XIImr'I'y'. I... XISIIVIIIIIIV. II.. NIH!! PII'- . A , - N -I.'21IIu-, . ,, Ixmslr-y. IDI AIZIIIITJ, X ., NIIICIIIIII, XYEIIIQCI, R.. XN'iIIQ':IIc'. R. .Sl,w1I!lI'II.-I.' IIIQIIIIIIV, ii.. IXIIIIIII. If., IHIIIIIIS. IC.. IIIIII. R.. 2 . . . .. . .V IIII .XX .. Izzzm-N. XXIIIVIEIIIKI, I'., XIIII'I'zIy, ID.. I. IQICQ xIUlII'l', .IzII'IIIJs. XY., IIiIx'I'I. R.. IILIIIIIZI, .X.. kin-I-II. II.. IIIIIIIIIIQI. If.. NIIIIIII. I... III-xIvI', fr.. IIIIIILII., CIIICIQXRI' Dzmivls. 'llI1zf1'lI'II:I .' IIIIQIIA, II., XYIJIIIINZIITI. R.. IIiIII:II'cI. .X.. Iyzirks. .. XIII I . .. .2 ' I.. . IIIII' ' IIIII I IIIIKIHII Ix NI III, IJI'lYf'I'..I.. HzIrI'ir'k, R., I,ox'I-, .-X., IIUII-IIIQIII, R.. IYifIsIIu1I, R., I,l'IIxOSIi1'I'. Imskmmski, S.. Rz1II'I'I'Ix'. Ilfrrris. IILAIXIIIEIIQIII, II.. SIIx'zmr'. I.. . . , - IK 4 - Instr-IA, IJ., fXI1r'IIzIr'Is, Cf. l'1UI1I'fl1 lwrfz' XYIIIIIIXVZIITI, R., CIIJI'II'II, .'X., YzII17I'I'. .X., IPINILIIAIIIIIQ, R., Vlvsxl, R.. XIVIIIIIII. I I hm A I , I. .. F L A 4 I A . 1 'II' ,III I!! XIII IIIII' .. I . . I ', . I .. J S X DIVISION . ,.. .. I .,1., MI . .. 14. . I.. I I If, Ixs xI II.. I III I I IIIII.,I.Ikll.XMCIIIIIXIII.I.IAlI,i..1,IIII1III.C,IIRIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIBXIAI R.llIIII--,LI.If' H I, V IH I IJ f Wm X I I NI I x,.Hl!,,.X. ,g',f,,,,,,l l,',I.-, 5 .XIII'zIIIIIIx'IIf if., fXIiIII'I', Ci., HVIIWII, R., RIIQ'c'Ix, I'IllI7l'I', CI.. II!'l1fII'lR'I'x. Ii.. III I I IIII I III IIII I I I I I Ri I KIIIII IN XII M I K . .'II' .. xI' If. . fx' . .. :ffl II- IIQ- .1 ' . IIIII, I'.,CIIIIIIIII1c'II, I.. HIIIII ,QUILT CIIIIIIUN' IIIII' ' PV, CI., I'I2'iII1l'I'. J 1.7 I,fl.,,fI1- I4 KI4,,I,.,'IIHr,.-,.I.-,HIIMl,.'mN l..IIIIgIII-NC.,I2IIIIIII,iI-,iluIIIm:IIwI,.I...NrI:IIm.R..Iln-qisIvI1IQ.,WiIIi2IIlIIs.AI.. II'iI'-I-. I1..fNIarIin. If I IIII II .,.. .II . , . . .x.. - .N .x . SJ., -I ., WW.. ., , , -f' ' - -.L ..'4,.Ii!.F-'-, . ref.: , 'I ...Mi ,Q-'.Q,. :p-3:-., . H.. , N , IST DIVISION Fm? Row Ugft Io riglztj: Rlr. Handley, Wiolfe, D. E., Lusby, G. YV., Liles. E., jones. R., Rogers. Ii. I., Haynes, I... NI.. I'anLeI'.,I. IJ., Nyu Iassy, F. .-X., Nleshefski, C. R., YVCIIS, R. E., Pilger, Dolan, R. H., Connolly, R. R., Harris. O., Nance, A. SE'COI1Ijle0Zi.'.' Long. If. D. Giusto, R. R., Green, E. WI. Ravenscraft. H. E., Gioello, P. II., Levy, N., Burton, IV., Conroy, Isham, R. L., Dietze, Ii. R., Yessfrn IV. H., Nlitehell, C. H.,LIolly, L. A. .IIz'I'5z'rzg.' Calvird, E. E., Hazelwood, R. D., Conklin, R. T., Rene, R., Clifford. R. P.. Shaffor, R. INI. Ring, L. F., hIoore,,I. O., Brunner, G. L., Sehoeh, R., Iirecleriek. R. R., I'Visnewski, S. INI., Hambriek, P. R., Dray, D.. Smith, B. D. Ramirez, R., W'itkowski, R., Lapoliee. F. L., Laqninta, D. R., Leger, R. G.. NICCi'I'Z'1y, L., Dale. H., Gay, BI.. Polhemus. K. L. NIeCoy, B., Hanna, T. H., Gilliam, D. L. ZND DIVISION Fin! Row Qirfl to riohzj: Lewis, R. D., Niaver, R., N'Vhitlcv. C., Bartell, YV. F.. Biehl, E. L., LTIG Eisenwine, Bloran. Blarko. I S Seavoy, R. Reno, N. .S'6c01zdR0zIf.' Kennedy. F., Yofing, R. R., Bowman, YV. R., Eekardt., R. D., Rivers. C. R.. Nall. O. C.. Pryne CRI., Rudisill, E. F. Thfrri Roux' Lea, G., NIeDaniel, C. R., Owens, NI., Lawson, E. E., Charlesworth, D. E., IN'iener. R. L., Sehettl. G .I'IIX.Y1i7ZU.' Barker D. D., Tvler, H. P., Kav. D. Eekarelt, E. D., Staneell, C. E., IN'IeGowen, A. I.., Holder, F. D.. Beeker. N. H.. Pierce J. Muiikment. C., Kingf, E. C., Velia. C., Hayes, I., Nfadsen, R., Patty, KI., I'VaIker, YV. L. V , W I, 5RD DIVISION l'lrIl luur' Ilwjf In :1gl1lI.' fflluson, Walk:-r, R.. .Xl'll4'll1', Lung, Ix., Iunmls. IX., hum, IX, Ilnllml, I.. IIIIIIISIIII, Ix, bulk. IX u IXJHIXHIII I I I., WIIeox,'I'.. RIIIIVI I'I2ll'Sl2lIl, Brooks. I . .SDmr1fl Rimx' Iloocl, II., Ritter, I., llrnlslw, I5 , Moles, I, Ilill'IIIk'I', 5, IXA If XI Il,-5.111.111 IQITIG V, Okulszki, IIIJIILIZIITI, fiorrn-IS. D., Skinns-r, II., Iiulluvk, flu Rpilllm,-I, lq,,,l,.l,1NIn, IQ, IMI,-,lub N, 5 I.., , jg I'n.'keII, R NVQIIIS, Pallller. S., IV:IrIl, R., I'mIm'k, .X.. III-Iliner, IL.. Sznm, tl.. Swliior, 'I'., Iiexnis, R., Spin-x, If . lull.-x I-' 1 NIIk'I'IlI.lII II , Ilm-kv. Ix .I1lX'H1I,Lf.' I'I4-sleigfl., Rug:-rs, II... MVC:-4-,lI., R:ImIuIpII,1i.. IH-lf-minus, I.., I,lIIII.ll1l, I In II,ll11I, N, Iilxgl.-In-, M, II,-I-I,-Ik, I , I.IliIL'I, ki , Ileni l'Il'I'iSUlI, NI.. Nlummiv. IIII-III,,I:.., NVXVIIIIIII, R.. MVIS:-Ig IJ,XX'I1iu-,XX'., IzvlIliIxII1'l, II., l'm'wIIIIs. KZ, X,IlIkiLill,l11I,XXl , IIIII,-l XX , X,I,IIIIN, Ix I'uf'kr-ll, NI., IQIIIIIIJIIIVY, IX., I-slrrisx. I.., I.1'IIUlIlIIl'I,,I T' Q 3B DIVISION l'.'f.If Rm lwI'g,'f!ff11xgi1fI.' Iluuglzmci. Ii. G., Rociuuy. R. S.. Yalc-IILIIII-. If.. Davis. Ii. I... Douglas. H. I... NpI'agI1c. R. 'I .. Nlolina. A.. CIQLQQIIU I... Ifx'41IIs. I5. I... RIIckI-If. H.. Iiayvs. I'. Y. .Svr'L'lIlll1IfIlZl'.' KJXVVIIS. R. D.. Nlarlin, Ulu-rIv. IJ. Ii.. Byrd, S.. XxIIISOI1C'I'EIIII. R. .-Xsfmxri IS. R.. SMIIII-3. IV.. IYIIIIQIIIIS, VV.. I'zu'I', IJ. IQ.. ,I-l'IIlIJl'SlIIII. CI. O. 'l!1z'ff!lI'mI .' I IIf.'i'IIl2iIl, SIIIILII. Y.. SIIIIIII. R.. Iona-s. NY. ABLIl'I'iL'. P. SImtI'IIcI'. I.. 1... Kim.. w. If.. Iam-II.-II. II. R., NIM-I, R. R.. swim. IQ.. Ric-I-, Is. I... xiwf-III.. Ii. 1.. nw. W. x1..'xx'31u',n. Ii. cs.. Ismnas R. I... CQIJQIII-I'IIIoII'. XY. If.. XIUIIIILQ. .X.. XVI-IJIAIA. R. H.. cII'2iCICIfJCfI'i. If. IJ.. 'I'I'IuIIIpSoI1. I-. I -I vii ' KI ,-vs' 'f ,Q ,Q A4 654 AIM -ifi Mat. I I V I STH DIVISION ,'II'If Run' flwfl In azgfzlj: INIIILIIIQIII, II.. XIIIFIJIIY. R.. XN'IIipkc'y. R.. Pcnulzls. 'I'.. IVDZIXYSOII. NY.. klullcy. .Snfffzff lim 5 fXIuI'aII. I... IJIIJIQIQI. I . -Iafksorx. Ii.. Iiryzml. CI.. Svllcvrs. NI.. I 2lIlII'iIIt'l'. R.. CIron'kI'tt. NY. I.'I1IG. I.vIJcI. R.. Hc'I'I'iIIQ.xI.. Ri'dlkdfJII.4I.. I.IoycI. H.. Pc-ge:im.xI. 'llz1m'Rff:I J IV1'YIs..'X.. Kl'IIl'Il..I.. Smith. R., IXIQIIICIMI. I... Nioow, XI.. Smith. .-X.. Clllilwoocl. KI.. Pvtlross. R.. SII'Il'I'iIkiIlCI. Cf.. Cast. IJ.. Hass. Nic'IIoIs. .Il1II1'ng: fQifI'r:rrI. R.. SI'CII1I1l'I', Cox, I... Saxton. I.. IIIJUI. XY.. .XIIQIISIIIIKH I.. Iizikvr. II.. Suiti. I.. Nlmrw. R.. HQIII. IJ. f MARINE DETACHMENT j.,, , ln... II, If .I,, ,,l,.1,f3f I..-QIIII. XY.. PII-I-I I-. IJ.. Kim. Ll.. Iimzxlmwt. R.. AIusI'pII. XY.. IXIOOW. NI.. Brown. XY.. BUIIQIT, Ci.. PiIIaI'di.AI.. Payxlc-. U. Immzf X XIII'-k .X.. III'lII'I4'IIV. II..IrI'JiX'NIIII.1I-. II4'I5lx'4'I'lI..I4. Npincllvr. QI.. XIitc'IIc'II. R.. BI'llI7?1I'it'I'. I.. .S'mfm1'Hn:I'.' OkCc'Il'. RI..,IQI1Ol'l12h. IJ. I If I.. IwgI:III:IIII. XX .. II:-fl-g:IrrI. I... Rf-im-kv. R. NIIIIVI1 I... III-nc-km-II. Ruralr.R..I'aIc-.CT..IDI1Imis.R..Spri1Igvr.W.. XYCICII. VV.. '-,M-:,I. I4 .f.fIw'IIi.I:i. I'. IIIIIIHIl1'.,X.. IJ:-x'i1mv..I..1IuIIf1IIr'7.lI..Hrvlls.II. 'll111fllfmf'.' fIIl'2lI'Y.lI.. Nllrasu. Y.. IXIiIIc'I'. R.. Sc'zIrc'y. R.. I'IOupcr. I.. I..fI.f-. If IJIIII-. I. Vrvxw. NI: XIJIIIUII. R. NISKII. 'I'1IImIc'x. IQ. CI.-XVII. I'I'ic'4'. R. ISI I.'I'. Halr. I . SHCI. Riu: I... UUVIKB- Ih,I,If 'x NI.11I..f. NN IX.mI-.. XI.. llmsx IJ.. I.4'lIN?IIfI. R.. Clam. If. IIIIIII-x'. li. If CLIXPI. IFINICI. CIIIIIIIIIIIIICIIIIQ OIIN'f'l'- PVIf'f'4 R- O . I Ifl I IW-If I.:-.1 I .mmf UIIIII-I 'XII NIHIIIIII. R. I.. NIMII. Iivir Sf'I'QmI1II. Hula-. Ixul. SHIT. I-uIIm-rv Sm'f:f'aIIl. is vi .4 I: I 'I 0 .V . A H-, , 0... . 'LTI ali-' , -at' -4 faxing? vi i I I I I I I I I i - ,L I F DIVISION Fmt! Raw flqfl in riglztj.' IVheatley, D., Docldridge, R., Clawson, A., Simonson, T., Roberts, G., Huston, A., I'Vatt, Liptak, .Skfrnzfl Hon : I Knier, H., Spatuzzi, A., Hughes, T., Brown, H., Roberts, R., LTI-igj B. Ervin, RNS. YV. Marsh, Trabuc, IS., Hanson, L., Raufrnan, G.. I Nolan, Thin! Row: Hotaling, YV., Groom, R., Sadler, Shreve, IV., I'Vcin1nan, L.. Johnson, P., Bcnsinger, C.. Allomong. D.. Bush, Snider, LI., Yahn, R., Pierce, R., Dolan. G., Simmons, B. .III'.I.YIIIg.' Bclolc, T., Banker, IV., IISIIUQCF. J., Hagan. G., Hollar. R., Dickinson. D., johnson, A., Kramer, G., Locanclro, ENS. T. Maloney, Van Buren, R. I . . 2 V, vi .A Egan . 7 A , , 'tg 5 'Iggy' , A I il I. u 1 I G DIVISION l z'r.v1 Row Uqf! in rilghfjs Holcomb, B., Nicoson, R.. Lavalliver, L., McIntosh, G., Bills, R., Hagerman, C., Sotak, D., Vickery, G., Kazmierzak. I T., Lehoullier, J.. Krull, R. .5'ero111fR0zc'.' Shipman, Yancey, C., McVay, KI., Conley, L., Peace, O. CNVO, Schmidt. P. LTJG. Murray. L. LCDR, Shipman, LCDR, Hughes, WL, Cornett, E., Hazlett, D. 'l'lzz'nl Row: I'Vcilmucnster, Partin, VV., Hinson, IV., Norton. BI.. I Garreau, C., Nluncher, B.. Atherton, E., Good, R., Novicb, Wfhitesides, B., lVIetcivcr, NI., Toggle, P., Ludlow, J., Bibbs, XY. .Ifz'x.tz'1zg.' Ashmore, R., Blackmon, IV., Bovlc, Davis, R., Elmore, C., Faircloth, C., Gunderson, A., Harper. Holland, H.. Jacobs. T.. Kizer. 5 D., Kopp, C., Krumm, ANI., lNIoorc, R., Oaks, Pitsko, IV., Porter, QI., Skaggs, E., Small, Struck, Wv., Vidi, V., IVilson, C. I I I as gi '1 - .. C I ' - at 4. Q 3. .3 I .1 GM DIVISION I l'lIIXl Rom fly!! ln mglzfl: Hollzlm, li., fgorlzun, l.., Sr-liimmr, XX ,, 'lol,i.1s, MW ILM,-.-1, 1' A., l.'.w. limi-1-.k.,lM'xsi-1, I , ILM I I, 1 , Vi,-,-,-L,,., , Il.. iXI1'Jll'lIJlIl'l, NI., lflllti II. Iiilmnl. .Illnllllj Ilillgnslm-, Ii IilIf'lIIK'lI, R , Nlills, 1. I lfil i- l .il .. ,ma - -xl ' . - - 2533 'A 3 '- GN, wr.-ea F F V K ,, L, i W DIVISION ffm! ffm dh!! .wf11g!zfI: NILIIIEI. Ci.. I uIIn'r. XY., I.uup1', .'X.. CI1'isso11,.'X.. NN'I1uIvy. IQ.. IIlIIl'II1'1', XY., lldnivl-N BH AIuh.VM,n. All 5awW.l.- Sumw. IS.. IIc11'nIJy Runlmv. IN. Nffmrzff Ruiz: Iflilli Cf. 'I'u11c'I1lfm, CIXYO Ci. CIIULII-Ile.-1'. Iflilfi CI. IJ1'ic'c3 SVIIIIIILI. I.. ,IIII.?ll'I'if'I'. N.. Xvl'l'1J.IIIIl'kIll. II. -ILlx'Ix5OIl,xI., QXAILIIIIX. K., Ciunm-Ily, Nl., firc'gcn'y,-I.,-Iorcizul, I., Ray,-I., .-Xbxlut, N., Rosa-. IQ.. Cicmciwin. N.. Hum. D.. IIIEZQIIIS. Sl. 01104-I I... I'ICIIILIlII'SlIlI..I.. I'vzu'suIl. R.. Iflilll II. Kc-lly. IIIIDR O. Iizil-cvr. .IIIXJIIHQI Ifzxrp. Ii.. Iillfllr. KI. I N A C' ,l, I iff f.J. .515 ffl- .4--f? -5 H DIVISION zw mr lxIfjfl1w1zgl1!j.' Ilmmnzls, R.. SC'IlIIi'IIJ1'II, P., IiuI1zmmvn. Cf.. SCEIIIIOII, Iiillilvzi. NX'z1lu'rs. P.. Huvlm. lf. NlvC9lilm-y. .X.. Nlgmninu, Hllf ' ' I 5. Sffwzfz' lfmr: fXIc'Ixc-c-, R., Cmalg. I'. IINICI, I,I Cl. .-X. Ifriciziy, I.'I'.I. S. INIlllll'l'IJl'III. CDR .'X. P. Ruslm. l.'I' I.. .X. fIUI'X'1'N4'. Iflilll I.. Ii. Yivhuls KNISCIJ, I,'I'-I. 'If Siullvn. SCIIIYIIIIIII, N, XV. IIIXICI, .'XIIc'n. R.. Rz1y..I.. 'IIIlC'I'i4'l', XY, fl!11'1fllCU:fw XI:xI1:iIIl-yll.. SIll'l'Ii..I.. Iimm-rlnuuxglm. I.. I'Ilil1II'iIlf'I', XY.. Rilve. King. QI., Ozllvs. I,insm'ott, .'X.. Ilzilsvr. Ii.. Dunlop. If.. I'zxu'I1wI'sky. I . lfwrffflz Nm J Ii41rI1'IQki. Clzillvn. Ii.. Xlilfurfl. H.. Bryant. I l'l'f'III2llI.-I.: I5f'1'r1m'cI. NI. .Il1'm'f1g.' llc-I1-i11IJz1m'In-l'. I.. IIulyIIc'IcI. R.. IIupgmnrI. O.. fI'Nr'iI. R.. I.:-mix. II. -,LJ zur W ' A ...M Q L tw, Y f'-.1 D DIVISION A , h .. .. ,- Zvlflfl' X.n, '. .. c . lrfpffgit I , .rg 1-13 , lu, I lm, If ff fwfffy IJ: I'11u1p IM. IIc'IIm:1l1. R',:xl1.IX . IIIIIIIIIEIII I XIt'Il'l II Null Xl Ill' 'ivllriclgv X' ffl'f ' IIIIXKII XX' ILIIIHIVI I 'xl W I' III I I 2 i- I A I .nag 40 S 1 DIVISION lnitlfozi Z M111 fl! Chitwood ISI Nu ent F Clailxc Rixeia R lxIdl1OHtN Wynne R ohnson D S lnodci Hffplf Rushinv C 514111111 Ron LT C H He1,cbhe11nL1 Nfillcx C- Cioulu I XVallQ I Nusion R Hard lxlaiua Nl Nlohnhaupt R Higgins A Hallowell NX T umbnant C Him! Razz l iiagur C M lucn C Dnnnan R ohnslon R Igor I Cranr R Shal lf-'V W.. Smith. T.. Lett D.. Williams, C., Sheehan, I. S-2 DIVISION First Row Qlejfl lo rzghfb: Moon, J., Saunder, C., Snyder, H., McEli'oy, Lcmacher, F., lviarshall, C., Arredondo, P., Piereynski, S.. ENS. B. NIeCann, Kolcbas, G., Plank, J., Burns, F., Friend, H., Cook, D., Ryals, lvl., Conley, D. Second Row: Fowler, E., Sanchez, J.. Hayden J., Conner, Grazer, R., Ivey,J., Knight, R., Harvey, E., ivIurch, P., Vesek, G., Norton, H.,Jones, YV., Blassey, T.. Rickman. E., Haynes B.. X'Varnaseh, R., Borden, NI. Third Row: McDaniel, C., Adams, E., Reckelhoff, YV., Hornyak, Parnell, H., Brevard. L.. Hansen. H. Brown, J., O'Gara, J., Eifert, R., Jeanpierre, Gallier, R. .lfIz'rs1'11,g.' Barnes, F., Cuomo, E., Lcusch. R.. Niand. G.. Payne, C..Jol1nson. D.. Jolley, H., Smart, L., Barnard, L., Romeo, VV., Rensehlcr, F. 'i ,A r S-3 DIVISION l'.I-Ilf lfnzu Clfjfl l1l1'1'gflfJ.' Snyder, QIartc'i',J., Rollings, S., Pliinlsrm, M., l,emiCi1x, l.., Cliirlis, Y., Dixon, XY., Slllilll, lf, llnrris, l.., llagi-ii, f R., Fi'avr'rs, lil., lr'x2lI'Cl,.J., l,r-vine, O., Burton, J., lmlioy, NV.. Nash, M., Mmiltriv, lf., Signrtt, ll., Simms, Smitli, R., Buiililin, ll Mason, l . .S'1,v'rnnlli'mi'.' Bilarrlo, l.., l i'r'1.'zf', NI., lioqgs, ff., King, F., Uissn'iirlzii1c'i', XY., liiwliiirilt, l.., IIUIl.llklSUlI, R., lfiiltun, XY, livllllfll H., lfrlwarcls, ll., Lziszilfi, Costa, fl., llorni-, XV., Nziswr-li, A., I'lw'llx', Brown, XY., .Xiiiluvi-jeuski f?w.'f.f' ffm, lhmsci, R . .Nici-lv. ll Gillis, A., lXIilZZliI'lll, V.. Biiirrl, IN., Brirlgfi-rs, fl., fiiiiw-li-wily, XY, lll4'lI'lillx, l.., Rulli, R., S.-vim,kJ.,IX'.ill,l1,, l,,mL1. X N lh-our-r, I , loiiwr. Smiley, NV., llanson, l.. .Ill-l,YllI,lf.' Cllirislnizis, O., Wiilsuii, R., Xlxxvll.-I.,QYl5iinl1x'll,XY ,Suu-x , R ,Si'liiiiii.mii, R lhli-x, XX , Xlx'll.ll'lLlll YV., limiisssiwl, R., l'liompsuii, YV., Slif-1-lmn, lil 4 I I .Emi Ii' .av If. .IL I , 1 . 1 i H Q V 5-4 DIVISION !':.fI,' hm Lsfbff In zsgfzfjx Ixuxmusky. In., HI-roux, R. Ip.. 5lUI1CSI1'1'L'l. D.. Baslcr. W. I., Bflcg D. Q.. 31 -uf D A B d -. A 5-,. I ze... .Q IQIIILQ Ia. mm. lm-I-I-1.1. H., Bracilvy. cz. IL.. Rvinrmf-m. M, .x.. im-fs. G. KI..ADavig, I-1 xiillifcfrff F.. ilaniffOI?dIg','I' ' ' A mm S-5 DIVISION l I'fIf Razz' Cfgfl lnr1'.ghlj.' Lapid, IS.. I'IL'I'IZ1. R.. IIz1ym's..I.. XIitc'III'II. NV.. Ramircz. R.. Dvla Clruz. N.. Umvxls. I.. I'I?iI'I'UXN'. II . Davis. II.. IJLIIIII. I.. HICII. S.. Stamfil. WI.. Harris. S.. Sams, VII., III'-IG D. B. IVIIIIHIIIS. -SVITUIIII Huff: IIHIIIIIII. Cf..Ba1Iks. QI,,.IOII1ISO1I. T..C.TIII'islian.CI..Goi1Ivs. C.. IVIISOD, IV.. Dllprrw. R.. Brown. If.. GOICIOII. XYisv. SIOIIV. IJ.. Slokvs. IZ.. Castillo. XYIISOII, XY. lf. 7111-7I1ylelfIl'.' NCXVIJCIIII. NY.. SU'ZlXVCI4'I'. I.. IJ3.IOIHk1I21. Il.. Sutton. If., Klurphy. Tzitv. T.. Bakvr. XY.. CII'c'1IsIIaw. YYIIIIC. H.. NOIIIIII. I... Cicmpvr. R.. .Xrr'nas. Y. .Ilffrmgx .'XIlCICl'SOI1, If.. Iialdoza, S., I3c'I'1IzIIJc'. Il.. Iirzicly. Iirogdon. H.. Dimapilii. A.. Ifllioll. I.. I'1k'1II't'OIIl'I1lI'I'. If.. I'12il'II1f.'l'. AIEICIKS. N.. I1.1niO..I.. LI-wis. IXIIJITIIQI. I .. Owvns. R.. Santo. N., Smilh. CZ.. Smith. N.. Solimzm. R.. Su-rrvt. I.. Strmmg. O.. IIIIIIHIIPSUII. S.. TulI1c'r1.4I.. Xkhofiy. H.. XVuI'rIvII. N. c ' 'mg' ' ' I-I- pw 1'm V- ,of Y Ili'- ' I 5,5 S-6 DIVISION l-.If I ff,,'.f I.. ffylffp' Xlznxw-II. IJ.. NIIIINI. CI.. XIIIIIIIIN. R.. Iizxrtul. IICCICIIIJZXLIQII, L'I1IG. QL1ic'k. Rowland. Cf.. IfHlt'I'SgJl'1.NRi:. jhglw SHf,fIf.f' lmxf I.:-mix Ii..SIIlIfI1.X'N'. I... IIIIUXNII, If.. Rrm'l:md.-I...I0I'II'c'y.hI..NIz1III0ws.U.. Rccsczhl..SIawsoII.Al..I-oIlaI'. BQIIIIII. In. lffffff IMI XII Vllmu. IJ. NIQIIIIIIIV. .X.. IIaIr-IIII:III'Ip. XY.. KTIIIIIIPIS. II.. I'i4'lI'7zIIc. IQ.. .'Xc'11Sl21, Y.. I,l'Spi'I'2il1l't'. R.. XXYIIIIIV. I... I'.CICII1'II'12111. Ilu mf' IIIIII I1 SIIIIIII. YN I.. XXUIIIIIIIUIIIII. I... Iiuxxlxlzill,-I.. I'.l2llIK'l'. R. I 'Ji MAA FORCE II ll hon rf! lo nah! OLIIIOI R IXdlSLI KN C B1lLlxIlOllNL D C Xlm uodcl I J clllI,IlLI lx S II LLL fffnf f IFIIFQI In X H L61 E R Parush H L Sxscpnu X D CDR IV B Horton Fxuutxxc OIIKU XNLIIIIILILHNLLI B ml n D NN Chfwhxrf z1rfRnL ollx I Ott 1 III 6 1 1 du 0 mson ml 1 1-15 BAND FUJI Razz' Ilgff lo rigfzljx Fahizmo, A., Wbodward, R., Church, J., Ivlurzyn, Gutcr, Rchrig, A.. Aivhclcf. T., Ambill. R.. Palombo. I .Skwrfrzzl Roux' Carclucci, KI., Crimcs. T., Barton, NI., Robinson. R.. Kcttercrj D.. NIyc'rS, D.. Nlillspaugll, BI.. Xf'EiI1ClCI'PIO0g. IV. Cox. I3 ILcaclcrD. -W .zur 4 f ,.,Y, - H - I OP DIVISION l 11vllfurffIff'f!lur1'gf1!j.' Nfillw 'X 'llvwnv ' ' ' ' ' ' ' L I ., . .. ., 11, M., flzlrvlll. I,VllIIlIllS,'I., Srlmllx, I., l'1u'l1:ul. R., Llrulwlws, l..l1.1kv1. I.. Ilill RQ Hill. I . ' P IQHICII. QI., Nickluy, I... f.HUIIl'2Ifll, 1.1. .S'wm11fllw1.f.' liuxvklvy, XVVNIIlIUl'l'lilIIlI. .X. IDM. UIIII. Rinks, I., Nlm- N, Xlulk ll INIl'xI'IxlUII II 1sf,.,.I11.1.-fl, R., IIZIIISIDII, cz.. wmffl, ll., MU.-1.-I, '11, ci.,m.1a. M.. Num-, la.. x1.,.m-, R.. wmm.-.-. I. ,Il..l11x.lx-'11, S. xxll-.dll I7 . I'm..:.l. V. Ilfllllly, II., 5l'I1U4'II'Il. II., Dnlll, IV. 'lflllnl lmlmn' lim-pix:-k, l'1flm'ki,'I'., Num-lx R ,AIKIIIIISUIL NN .. Xl. IYl1u1lv1, QI , lI.u1llv1x, I . llllvxxvr, I', llozik, NI.. I'14'IIf'VllI'lI2l, I., Ilrlusliy, If.. .Xln'1'gu, 'I'.. llzlll. N INK!! Dix. IIDIII, Sllllllj R . INwi111v1, I XX llirc- lui In Inu Ix 1.-xx null' l.lxx'Il1'I Qlumwlllli. IS lhuwll, fl. R. ,I,lIlIH.Q.' IVIIIII-,IV.,Ifr11v'n. II.. Nlnlnwll. I I x 'I AILY OR DIVISION . rw .5 ' N i.x'III. . Xl xX.llIl.IkIIx. I., Iil1vcfII. Nl'IIlU'IIkl'I. Ii., 5Ill2iIIfII'ItILQ1', ilu l U111uIIIs, If .Yflllllfl Him i WWII. I,IfIJIl X, ,1 x LI I mx I . Iim my I J' C m lI'w..' I'I1m1'Ix, lJ,.Nmi1I1. li.Nlwlgv,lQ,.XN'l1iI-In-1, CI., I'I'1iIIIpS,.I. ad H YT 285:14 ! 'Yu 'tv' fi ' . ?aL'f2f OS DIVISION ff f Ylzu Ia. XIQINVIIQI. Clloxww. .X,. I Imx'm'rs. NYM Xlulnar. I... KI'2lI7l'I'. IV.. Vail. R. .S'fm1ffllx'ff:f.' Impc-Z, RN Dvnivn. . 'f,.1'iLf. ,Xu XI11QiIge1n. XIH firam, I,..'If1IN'N, II., Cllmzmcilc-xy XY., SIMM-y, 'l!11rf!lw'fm',' Sipvs. NY., I'r'r'ssIn'y. I,,, Davis. CI.. CIarmII,,I.. I X'-'N Ii Iifife. If-x, IS:u'ILf'r. IL, Ilzuix, NY.. Rvwmwlrix. R. .Ilfwmg Ihppm, Cf.. I'f-HW. I3., CMI. II.. XYinnimgI1ar11. IQNS IW. IXIIIIIIII. 4 fl' l Wnnw-f P-1. ... '1 ww., Q Z, UA DIVISION N. I , 1 I u. f M, I : u,lIm If I INV: Il I Nfwffff I-HI' XXVIII. Nl I'- IWVIIII- IX XI ' IXMIII' R I I I I 'I qv! I IMIUI 'X IIr,gIvk Il Nxxllllxsrll, my 'fqsnv-I I ' -HIP' CVG-7 STAFF fini Row iff! lu rz' hi .' Ettcnsohn David A, YN2, LT G Ho1ncrT. Cox LT oscph T. hlullcn CNICJ, GDR Armisicad B. -Sl'f1lllJ,Jf.. 'LT Robertj. Simple, LT Gilbert A. Friday RICH Hcroux Rofcr E. DK2. SFFUIZIII Row: Picrcchjohn H., DRI, Brownhlaspcr S., ADC, Pricxfg. C.. YNC., Schramm Nicholas XV., HXIC. Lively Russell NV.. SN. R 351'-15:5 Mi'i4i'f-TV: -. ,'iii. F i:, f K AG , L ' 'infix if - ' . ' ' wi g D V C- - l - J ' ' V J snfwnn w.. ATC, LTJG jnnn P. Blanning, ALCDR Rnnni-FB. oninn, LTKIG ,inn-nn M. lwlorris, xfnffy, -joel D., ADC. Bryan. XN'ilson 5 i i x K . .. A S . ,gn . A X ,kv LIGHT PHOTOGRAPHIC SQUADRON SIXTY-TWO DETACHMENT 36-58 Fm! Ron' Cliff! to righlls Ainsworth, B.. Shelstad, O., Baldwin, G., Pisani, R., Nelson, M., Scvcrage, E., Gearhart, N., Blake, F., Chase. R., Smith, L., Sims, H., Herbert, R. Smmd Row: Horan, R.. Tycrs, R., Sygowski, L., Baker, YV.. Wlagiicr, R., Scott, R.. Hart. Taylor. R.. Small, YV., Sukalski, B., Durden, D., Gallagher, Todd, AI., Raszman, D., jones, A., Tromblc-y, R.. Seaton. G.. johnson. R.. Black. C. .U1's.v1'ng.' Edwards, Rahill, NV., Shedcl, NI. ' nw -KG i A A h FIGHTER SQUADRON SEVENTY-ONE lwrlil ltjlllf' llf'lfl'fI'1,Ql1!l-' li1'I'l'. U., Hilllvl, li., Matson, XV., Mm-mis, Y., l m'tr-rsmi, R., lillison, R., Olson. LQ., lions, ll.. Sll.ll'l.ll, R., xx.lL'lRQ'll llf'lS4'l', l'., lfitllglfy. fn., l'lz1yn1'S. M., QPIWHJ U.. fi1'0I'2f', R., ill'2ll'Q, I... llilllillzm. ll.. l.:m, li., NlrNlill:m, li .Y-uw: fx'.':i. lwmwlitoxi, xl.. Uil'1'fT17 R-N UVNCIL ff-, Pl'l'lTlIUf '1l74, Hill, li, Slljrf-n,.I., l7risf'oll, 'l'.. Muxnlxln, li., llolwlss, X.. NYM-, ll, Rmlql-ns, R., ll.ig.m, R . llvsmuml. I., l'lskr', ll., Ru-ly, R.,lIa1sinski,h., Nluslf.11'1:1,.I.. IlII1lxlf'I',ll,, RlJlllf'I, ll , IH-ru-Ilgi X.. lluminimw R F Pm. 1' jg,-. Inluimii I1 lmiiyiii Xi Tuilklzlrfl, l'.., IJZIVIIV- Rr. HZWVS. ll.. SVlllIf'l'l, XV., lirsilimg. ll., l':lu'. ll , ll.nlul. lli, iii-vii, R , Sisslm, llmgilx N1'lIl1lll'iYf'l,.R , l5m1i'1l.1Ni ., 'urnlf-r, I 21 4' 14 .N . 5 1 M1 f 4 . he Q -.I - jg .Ci V .f -K-.AJCCJ if L A 7-F .Eg . 'Ps I' fr- V.. -4 Un flu-.Q , lxwf lx'ff:I lrjff In r1gf'z!I.' Iivrsvy. Yix11'y211'fI. U.. .Xmirc-ws. R.. SIJK'l1I'Q'Ig. I3.. Immg. II.. I'iqunrA. I,1'fI1'I'IkkI'i. Cl.. X11-lim. Xfugix cr. LS. Null.-I.. SI1a11'1'q1i. R.. XN'ic'I4vnI11-isvr. I .. I'II'1'fI1'I'IC'I'i..I.. Kind. Il.. Ulwn. O.. Sf'2iIkIJI'U. ID.. KZUIIQIIIAII. II.. Rzxrilnizm. H.. Nizupwn. H.. XYax'xu3n XN'..CYI141u1pm1xR...SLvmffllI'n:1.' IIamiI..l.. Su-inIn'ink. Il.. rNIC'CI2iI'II'1f. I'.. IIllQQII1..I.. N11-11112. D.. Iforis. I3.. XN'a1'd. S.. IDLJSICIIIL Ii. R.. O'II3rin-11 1 I X umm. II.. XX Inu-. I... Sl'llILIlUI'IJO. .X.. Rc-nzcp I... Iorzzllm. Cf.. XNI1114-. R.. IJK'S1'IlIIf'I'..I.. I'LlI1N.IJ.. II2iIII'2iIlk1I'I. R...Iulmsum. XI.. Slmcmzxlxvr . , . , . , . I'... Nlm'1'rcLL. C... I Ilvlps. R.. IIumpI11'm-y. C... I.1'SlJi'I'kiIlf't'. R.. Russ.-I.. C.m'4'n. II.. Nllwzxa. M..Nzm-1-.X.. IM-uc Im. R.. IIn1flg31l-. CI.. fxft-QQ1-.ull IG. llmJ18n:.'.- Sl. Alulm, IJ.. ISI-rlin. Huis:-V. R.. Swc-1-zu-y. 811121111-y. Il.. KllIIfIi'IkI. N.. Nvlxlllw. NI.. Ruvlml. It. U11-ska. Knapp. 'I I1IIvx X NI e N N 1 .I1'1I.w.f,g: I3z1iIiII'. Harm-s. If.. Igfylilll. Ciznwllc-r. I... I'I11mgz1sI4i. .X.. N A .- .. . i1c'l1 'II. CI.. Nah. . I.. N1-mln-rlm. NY.. II t'I'SIl1Qt'l'. Nl. Smith. X,.'I'I1rm1z1s. CI.. 'I'illc'1'y. fim'c-If-xxivz. XV. I.. S',?' ATTACK SQUADRON SEVENTY-TXVO lvn! Ram' iff!! In z1Uh!I.' IIVIIZVI. I,.. INIQNS. I... II0ux'm'I'. 5.. Clcmllivr. R.. SIllII4'I'. XY.. IIm'rm:1u. I... 'I1llI'l1K'I'. XY.. I'IiIH'i1'Il. II- IYIIIWQ- If- mmf XY.. Smith. Cl.. Shupv. I.. IWi2iI't'Zlll2il'l'Ii. ff.. Iivvk. .X.. Riu: I.. ISc'rQc'rm1. ll.. Nlnmll. If. .X',.m:.1' Nur: 5 .XcIzunwu. IJliINK'I9UI1. filllll mimgx Cross. IIz1LrI1vr. II.. I,urc'n7. Ij..cJl12l!'IlII?l.'I1.. I,c'zm1zm. Cf.. l.zmh1m..X..'I'wmIm..X.. I'IUXXH1SiI1.,x.. IIlllIl1IJil1II.lI.. xxI'1UIll. Cf. . . J 3 IC'IJUl1..X.. Ixmq. I., O Cmrrnzln. KI.. I.fuEm'. I.. IWCIIIICVS. IJ.. I,uxw. Ixvmpi. II.. I7zmkmQ. I'.. I.:1Ir'v111c'1'r'. I...Xmwml.NN..N1wl:111. II. Cn-IIf'r. C... I'1m1m-qzm. I.. '-L fly, . A , , I - ff . '- vw I.'I'lll .N I .f UI 1 If,l,If ff, f I, ,HM 1.1 II I, l1,I.,.,..,l.1.ff,x1.l,,ImwI.l.I4ffX.lluflplAl.lf'.I3 LIf1'HU-, I H. 'NAI :firm I.I If. I. I. I.III,.,f 1,14 ',f,f,,fff' fm.. Ifl I li Ix:':ntH1u.I.'IVIl.R I'. IM-:mlm-x. IfIlIIf CI. i1:n'IHlv. IICDIX III- ,IlIl1I?IQ1IHEIl E, 11,-.ff my, UNH., rvhpq y. Hui!If HHH1HI,1lHUfnfutlir IRI IA 'I 1p l',,,,l,lfl'IIQI, .N I'1lm'In,I',fXNl I'..II1mfrfr. . .I . .. I'i'I1.1lr1 I I s f ' I' fx 5 I 4 ,A YA-72: F1'rylRnzv Ugfl In riglzlj: Riggan. B., Harvcy, R., W'oll'gai1g. C.. l3lClI'CI'lCl', Borgvrcl, M.. Brown. H.. NI:-usf. A.. iXlfjClUI'l'l'1lfl-1. lf. Yuhasz, Docs, VV.. Chasc, R.. Brennan. T., Nloorc, C. .Skrrfzzfl Ruzr: Vim-, R., lhoinas. Wi.. X'Vashinglon. Sc-rna, M.. Nlarl-Qs. L.. Ring A., X'VilCox, C., hlurphv, P., Ballard, YV., Kcrloot, R., Couture, G., Re-imc-r, D.. 5l1L1llS. lf.. Dvali. U., Cruka, Bartley. A.. Phelps B., hlurphy. Blullinax, Blahonc-y. L., Gallop, N., Bogard, Borowsl-Qi, H.. Clark, R.. Sahol, R. .lf1'isz'ug.' Bauer, Bcnson. D. Brickers. D., Callahan. R., Carns, C., Carson, H., Chiricos. KI., Clinc. C., Cochran. T., DcChainc. Y., Donahiiv, C.. Duvall, C.. Pair concturc, Grcenhall, C., Hagan, KI., Hinojosa, A., Hunter, C., Alahnkc. llcnkins, D., johnson Ill. H., Johnson. R., rlunio. Ln-x-:is I.. Long, R., Lynch, H., Mateo. C., MCNcaly. L., Rlcllor. R., Morgan. I... Mnlvancy. NV.. Mykins, NV.. Naill, C., Oates, Parznchox-:ski QP., Prather. Rirherson. G.. Scovillc, F., Smith. C. K.. Soucoup. M., Strawn, Taylor. A., Qlqhoinpson. NV., Watkins. Xfchh, KV, XVccdcn, AI. 4 FH ATTACK SQHUADRON SEVENTY-FIVE l71'r.t! Rozy Ufjf! In rzfglzlj: Richardson, E., Folta, D., Stcwart, R., Nlillcfr. T., Cartwright. J., Thomas, R.. Hiilson. YY.. Hawkins. R.. Graham F., Huprich, L.. Duffield, F., Allen, Sfmmi Rnzr: Savage, Q., Adams, Stvinhrccfhcr, IXI.. Ramirez. A.. Hixson. R.. Brown. R.. Lightcl Stephens, E., Stutts. C., Olson, H., Anthony, O., Burch, P., Brown, G. 'lY11'rflRrrzi'.' Klinc. C., Alvcy, S., XX'ilkCs. Smith. C.. Petty. B. Nlontgomery, H., Allen. D., Chism, B., Arnold, R.. Lux. Snydcrxl., Goinczwl., lllbcrvly, R.. Sullivan, R., Bliss. L.. Pvnny. C.. Choate E.. Mcliachin. G.. Grassingcr. P., Brown. R., Wfallacc. -1. l'ilil'Nf RUM' Urfl lu Il-Lfllfl' Hl'l'NVl'l', Nl., llic-clrivll, ll.. l'lfll'lllIlLQ, lvllk-l'sui1, livlgisluvlt. N., XXVIIIIIIVX, XX .. Rl.lli.llL'.l, R., Uslit-2, X , Lltwlx Ra 'Nfl'-, ll-. lJ'1l'lf'l1, ll.. l4lH'ilH, ls.. l'l1'li1'I'll. K. -Vffffffl ll'lIIl','l.lQll'lxNUl1, R., lhixsmi. ll.. Spvimvvli. X.. llixis, ll., ki.iz':'11x. lf , kk-swllo, R Hin-rqf', VV., Rzlilflulpll, R., IHHHHII1- R--ci'1lV IR.l-YNlllI V,I..Ril11i, I., lirilislivltl. R . li.irlr,'.1lx. R , xlx'fl.lIll1.l .i llxzi-l-vll. L' llllllfilll. Ki., fflliltrm, l., Wfzllsrnii, Nl., Ni4'llHlSUIl. R., Rl1'l.1Ill!QlIllI1, ll, IH-.lim-. li, ll.l.ll1, ll, N-wg.-1. ll. Xlwuriihx R XX Rlxiuglmi l Hyrllngll., lllllllfllvyx WH-lls,.l.,1liliIus, NN',,fI.a1lxu-ll, lx:-raw, l lll'LlN,'I , Klum In-I, R, X.l,lm, I h Xl.-.wp XX , E.hm.wf, I , mum l ., l.m1f,f, li., lluwrws, II., llzixirl, ll. 11LlILA 'nh . fx - YV N FIGHTER SQUADRON EIGHTY-FOUR .ny - .fx .. I. . g I Im-II1I.'k1 . Nuxgqmv. R.. I,llIll'Iy'QIllI. M.. Im-nncy. INIQQUILI. IbIllL'IlL'I'. R.. IL-cle-1-21. IN'z1lu'1's. ILIPO IQ, CQ,-aj :nn1n.In. I 1 X1.m'1s. -I .,5!IIIll'IIk'Iwl. I-I.. NI-gin. R.. I.c'rIImWcI. Ii.. iirinclm-Izmcl. R.. Ciliflun, R.. Inman. IJ.. IIirmjusa. If.. .S3fw1fll?ffzI.' Iiixlf-r. Ci, I..-nw. L . Ixnu.-. sl.. XX1I11.nns. I' . .RCII-Lllli. I... XIm'vl1umm'. XY.. Niyvzs. XX'z11'11a'r. IQ.. I 1'yv. Ci.. I521I'I'iII21llSf'I'l. H.. IYIIIIHIIIQCJII. Clcmpvr ' . Xl.1:'n-n. I... IIwXXijlI.LI,. IBVIIIIII. X.. Rnln.-rls. IS.. Cllmnum. NI.. I'IlllL'I'fiUII,.I.. XII-Iron. R.. Rmw-. Ii.. 'IIlIl'IIL'l'. XIVIISVITII. A.. IXQISUI1. R, XI. IInn.1I.:. KI.. I.IIITIK'. lJ..I5l411I1111N Cf. IYz1Lsnn. R.. Slvxxml. I.. Munn. NY.. Nlrwg11'H. Iinvlzzinzan. R.. IH'ac'ocxk. R, ' I Q 'I AM 'N P! 1 s 2555. EW I :UH gig:-ffl. F N di: Q . 1 ...Q Mff. . '--! hx . 1 s I - gn.. ' M 'W 'I ' 'YI'-R43 .f ':f ' H f f VV. fff flfflfllf Ricgv. Ijavlifk. Sc'InniIz. D.. Ryan. I.. BZIVIICII. P.. I'c'1'IIn. II.. .-Xcivrs. T.. Rvynolds. Ii.. Lind. CI. I-VIH:-tiwll. IV.. IJ'-wmki. XI.. -Irma-5. IV.. Iizxzc-Ink. R.. Ilc'Iwls. XY.. ,IIlJXK'I'lSt'II4I. Cf.. IXIEIIISCII. XY.. Sfhm-Il. IBI'IlIUIT'lUII!I. H.. Sansonvic. N. fXIZiI'4Il. IJ . X-I'II'EJII?. XI.. I'lr'ic'kxun. II. .S'ffff1zfflx'1m'.' CIZIIIIIJIIPII.-I., YI-1'IJy. CQ.. Nlnrqan. R.. I,l'Il'IIi'I'. I.. I31'vitIcopI. I.. I'IIIIIf'I'. l,II'lCIk'I'XNUUlI IV.. ,IuI1zn'1:w-11, I'.. fm-1-n. I... CL:-zml. IV.. x'Ol'II'il'II. II.. Iiivlll. II..-lonvs. NI.. IGoc-xninnv. R.. Ponncis. R.. IICIIIIIIIQIUII. I.. sL'IIICIf.'I'S.4I., Iirlvl I.rrIg',7z11,1mrIf1. II.. I.IIIfIif'I.'. Cl.. XIIIN. Iirwiswl, R.. Sr'I1IIIing.Y.. IIiII. KI.. Uvnnis. VIIIIUIIIEIY. Nolan. H.. Ilallnn. I3. 'I fam! Rm' 'I'1+1ng, R.. IYZIILIIYE II VQ'f'IlIYICIf'I'. R.. IIc-1'Q'vnmrIm'r. Rm-rn. R.. Ifrivml. II.. .XIcI1'irI1. fi.. IIIIHIIIIVI. XI.. XY:-st. fil1lI1l'il'. H.. .XCIIi!nS. R ff1e1'.+'N I . Iir'fw.fI-gf. II.. R1-III. .Iflwlflyf IIQUNIIVVI. IJ.. Ii1'x'z11'Iy. I'xIzu'I-iwvll. Cfal'pc'nIc'V. XY.. Costa. fl.. c.lIl'I.IS. II. IIanic'IS. XI.. IIQI1 I rwy. N. IIfII,N21I'fIx I... I'.IIIx..I,. I'c-mln-1wm1'l. II.. fQf'rI1zn'fI If.. CQlm'c'1'. I7..lIc'IIkrivs. II.. I'Qt'I'I1'X, .X.. I.m'In'im'IQ. Ci.. I.c'waIIc'n.AI.. XI2n'linf'7. ,N RI21:'f. six. R.. XIIIHIII. NIU' Inf-II. XY. I'z1I1n1'V. Ii.. SIIIIIII. IQ.. 5Il'XYLil'I. R.. VIIIIUIIIIUSUII. S.. IY1'IIt'I'9, YY.. IYy1'ivI4. If. 5 . ' . ' Q. I III. E I Q' 1- A IIQIE-,.. 51 , If., I ,, f. 5 I 1. mmf IM. Il,1X,,I4 IIIt,II,H,,1.I..IIII.Nr11IIn.H1l.IIVIIIIUIIIAI ',g.J.,,,,1. ,. . . - I . . ,,, In ,, 'II1'mf. ww, !'I I .f 1, ,N II I' ,,, gffr. luyf, I I x.,,l,,,, ll lilf. Imp: QIDIX XI-1411. II.IIIx In ul. II I 1 wf.,1' X 1..1,IfII1,'f,lva fgIr,'- ,N plllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllIIIllI' '' ' - , -fra . J , 4 Q I , V 1 f .441 was .E 'Ac' jkymd 3 1 I 'J 4 nm ' VJ ia I H Pi ATTACK SQUADRON EIGHTY-SIX 1f,,A,-1 Ifogii Ufff fu ,-jalgljg Hair. R. O.. Harkcoin, NV. R.. XfVords1nan, P., Wialrou. XY. fl.. Haxrrr. ll. ll.. llairis. ff-ly Y Blorrison H. E.. Fiisbv, H. Pippins, BI. L.. Chcllis, NV. R., x'YOl'lilll3ll. V. CI.. Morgan. li. ink. 5f1i211'1.I l..r.:. ff N B iS'avcinfI Row: Asliloix G. H., Brainblett. L. E., W'alton. D. l.., Nm-wmicr. H. F.. Lonclin. R. l... fXlf'Cii.kiI'lI'ii-. l. V.. .jr.ifZf'Y. 11 hLiis.tT. L.. Stearns. Fecsc, R., Easterling, R.. Cannon, XV. :Yl2iI'llI1.k P YE.. lbykff. C. l'.1s+-nmann. li, n Third Raw: Trexler. VV. YV.. Harvey, P. C., Baker, H. L.. l.cakc,,l. D., l'lC'I'ZiI1C'K', S. lu., X orlg. P. S.. llllis. C... lam'--. sl. 1 f Dillon. P., XVillis, T. H., Keller. C. B., Lavatchan, R. ' '.1 . 1 .5 Q- .-.Q . . f-fl A . ' ' Min VA-86: First Row Qlfjft Zo righfj: Ingersoll. D. E., Addison, lvl. Cnj, Robinson, R. Cnl. Thomas. J. R.. Dean. C. B.. Register. G. A Childers, D. R., Muraltul. L., Palmer, C. H.. Hicks, C. E., Kncppcr. L. L.. Combs. A. G.. Machamer. NY. T. .Slwwr 1' I-F 1 C' w R. L., Lollar. C. C., Bolcs, NI. L., Nlyers, R. E., Rcdfcrn, H. VV., Hanson, E. R.. hforan, G. NI.. BurrCll. D. C.. Box-slinq. li. A.. N. C.. Fryk, G. H.. Simoneaux, H. Lighthiser, E. H., Rhuc, P. O., Rainwater. C.. Farmer. A. f.fJ:'r1'Rff:i.' l,cwis. R, D w YV. D., Ashley, H. G., Trexlcr, YV. YV., Hansen, H. A., Allen, R. A., hlorrison. C. B.. Strong. O. Qnl. Stcrrmt. R. H. .l!'M:' 4. .XL NI., Barber. YV. C.. Barretthl. L., Bloom,J. E., Bright. lvl. E.. Brogclon, H. YV., Cain. T. A.. Carcv. T. P.. Pcrnandcz. C. l.. Hanna NN Hanson. L. fnb, Hunt. XV. R.. Kachr. l'V.LI., Lattus, PQI., Lcwandowski, A. G... Linscou. .-X. l-.. Nlhclcins. A. Bl.. Xlolnlcv. R.. Xl: Y Przekop. S. F., Remington. YV. P.. Reyna. E. N., Southcrland. XV. Stuck, C. H.. Trgowski. R. Vik. C. li.. lYilinci:1 R. l... A E. R.. Boyd. w. Cz. VA-H61 f 1'z'xllx'n1f' fff'fllu1'lgf1ll.' Iflilfi Ki. l.. ixllilllS4lll, lflllll 5. lRl'1'lKll'l. I.l' I I lil.. ,Q lylllq X H ,',,,,,,,,,.,,., X gm U X Sfflll'Ul'fllTl',.ll'., Lczmz hp. H. R..h.i.'. Lczlm M. H. slum, I.l' I.. 1f.x'..ia. 1, , limi. is 1- 1i,.,.,..,.,, 1 ii.. is 1 'li few' Mr. N. N. l.i1-Imlii-k.Rf-p., 111111: fs. lc. x'.-nm., Ijlilli lc. .x. .mul-.i.-.'n.ll'1rQ 1. x 1..ri.,...i., i ri., IQ 1, X , 1 X, sl3..ir'.-1-, l.:l1jC Q1. cs. smkm-. l.'r1lc: H. I-1 M..ni-.-, l.'lj1i:,l.ar x1..m., !!,yf.1'l,',.,,sil-,NYY 1 N R , , l M l l. x x'v1ll'l','l. S.. Cn-nlry,,l. ll.. i'xl'l2lIll'4. l'.. 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Are you trying to find old school friends, old classmates, fellow servicemen or shipmates? Do you want to see past girlfriends or boyfriends? Relive homecoming, prom, graduation, and other moments on campus captured in yearbook pictures. Revisit your fraternity or sorority and see familiar places. See members of old school clubs and relive old times. Start your search today!
Looking for old family members and relatives? Do you want to find pictures of parents or grandparents when they were in school? Want to find out what hairstyle was popular in the 1920s? E-Yearbook.com has a wealth of genealogy information spanning over a century for many schools with full text search. Use our online Genealogy Resource to uncover history quickly!
Are you planning a reunion and need assistance? E-Yearbook.com can help you with scanning and providing access to yearbook images for promotional materials and activities. We can provide you with an electronic version of your yearbook that can assist you with reunion planning. E-Yearbook.com will also publish the yearbook images online for people to share and enjoy.
