Pennsylvania School of Horticulture for Women - Wise Acres Yearbook (Ambler, PA)

Text from Pages 1 - 52 of the 1916 volume:

GREENHOUSE ERECTED FOR MR. F. DISSTON AT ST. DAVIDS. PA. FIND OUT FROM US WHAT A GREENHOUSE COSTS EVKRY once in a while after we have told a pros nective customer what the cost of a greenhouse will oe to meet his particular requirements, he declares that if he haa known they could be bought so reasonable, he would have had one long ago. There seems to exist in the minds of a good many, the impression that greenhouses are a millionaire’s luxury. Unquestionably, they do add greatly to the pleasures of the so-called moneyed class; but you don’t have to be anything like a millionaire to luxuriate in the joys of possessing one. We have a booklet entitled “TwoG’s, Glass Gardens, or a Peep Into Their Delights,” that we would like to send you. It will set you right on many of your wrong greenhouse impressions, and open your eyes to many of their delightful possibilities. New York Bonton Ouc o JoriSlWhhamfi. SALES OFFICES PHILADELPHIA- Franklin Bank Building Rochester Cleveland Toronto Montreal Seeds, Plants, Bulbs Decorative Plants, Palms, Ferns, etc., Roses, Hardy Perennials, Hardy Shrubs and Climbers, Aquatics, Bulbs for Spring and Fall planting, Flower, Vegetable and Farm Seeds of all kinds, and a full line of the best Garden Implements, Tools, Lawn Mowers, etc. Catalogues mailed free. Lawn Grass heed a Specialty HENRY A. DREER 714 - 716 Chestnut Street PHILADELPHIA J A Stray “ ‘ : k and the Roof Caught That spark destroyed more than the home—it has swept away things that neither money nor labor can restore — things that sentiment and love have rendered priceless. Some cold, bleak night you and your family may also be mournfully looking at a heap of ruins that a few minutes previous was your home, unless you protect yourself against the devastation of the stray spark; the one certain protection is to roof with Ambler Asbestos 41 Century” Shingles. But don't do it until you’ve proved to yourself that they are fireproof—not partly, but absolutely. Send us your address and we will mail you a sample Ambler Asbestos “Century” Shingle and also tell you where you can most conveniently obtain them. Hold this sample shingle over a lamp. Hold it there as long as you like and it won’t burn—it can’t—it’s asbestos. Test the shingle for toughness. Try and bend it. You can’t. Just because you can’t, it makes a roof that lasts— nobody knows how long, but at least as long as your house. Look at its beauty—its soft, artistic, unfading colorings. It comes in red, blue-black and gray. It doesn’t need paint and it never will. KEASBEY MATTISON COMPANY. Dept. A, Ambler, Pa. Offices and Warehouses in all Important Cities throughout the United States Cities throughc hinflts MIIMl.ll An Ambler Asbestos “Century Shingle roof ain’t wear out. doesn't depreciate, doesn't leak, split nor warp. It stands up equally well in the coldest winter and the hottest summer. Its only expense is its first cost and that is low. quality and worth considered. Right now, write us for the sample shingle. 402 8c 404 N. SECOND STREET. WHOLESALE MEATS - -PROVISIONS andPOULTRY FOR THE KEEPING OF ACCOUNTS USE MOORE’S MODERN METHODS 177 LOOSE LEAF OUTFITS FROM $1.25 UPWARDS Yeo Lukens SOLE AGENTS 2o North 13th Street 719 Walnut Street PHILADELPHIA STATIONERY . BLANK BOOKS PRINTING WOODLAWN INN A. L. KLINE, PROPRIETOR Delightfully located, eighteen miles from Philadelphia. Meals a la carte. Dinners arranged for motor parties. Large airy rooms. Guests can be accommodated all the year. MAKE YOUR HOLIDAY SELECTIONS OF------- Diamonds, Watches Clocks, Silverware Cut Glass, French Ivory, Novelties, eic. AT Lamphere’s Jewelry Store AMBLER, PA, POULTRY FOR SALE BROILERS OR FRYJNO CHICKENS to 2}$ lbs. @ ‘28c. per pound SOFT ROASTERS 4 to 6J4 lbs. @ 28c. per pound Dressed but not drawn unless ordered. Delivered by Parcel Post Schooi of Horticulture for Women TELEPHONE 66 J-1 AMBLER, PA. AMBLER BAKING CO. Whatever else you may select in your daily order of food supplies remember the two strong points about our products: THE SANITARY METHODS employed in making the goods and the STANDING INVITATION to the public to visit the plant at any time. BREAD—ROLLS—CAKES BAKERY: AMBLER, PA. Upholsterer, Cabinet Maker and Finisher Furniture repaired and recovered or made to order, to fit any place in your home; made right, and we beat Philadelphia houses on prices. Let us show samples of carpets, linoleums, awnings and shades; estimates furnished. A. LAPETINA 405 Bailer Avenne AMBLER, PA. Keystone Phone 341Bell Phone 26 m SCHOOL OF HORTICULTURE FOR WOMEN AMBLER, PENNSYLVANIA 18 MILES FROM PHILADELPHIA Spring Term of regular 2-year course begins FEBRUARY 14, 1916 Practical and theoretical training in the growing of FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND FLOWERS Simple Carpentry, Bees, Poultry, Preserving, School Gardening, Elementary Landscape Gardening! The demand for trained women to fill positions, along horticultural lines, is steadily growing. ELIZABETH LEIGHTON LEB, Director Conaaltaat to tbe Garden Club of America $ f !► ❖ CONTENTS Spring Works and Days........................ 2 My Garden.................................... 3 Poisonous Plants............................. 4 Mushrooms—Maybe.............................. 6 Cavour, and the Making of Modem Italy...... 8 The Lament of Murphy O’Roscombe..............1 I School Notes.................................12 Coming Events................................13 French Gardening in England..................14 Smiles ......................................15 Exchanges....................................15 It Can be Done...............................16 E. L. L......................................16 § § • 4 WISE-ACRES 4 VOL. Ill March, 1916. No. 9 Published Quarterly by the Students of the School of Horticulture for Women, Ambler, Pa. Entered at the Ambler Post Opfice as Second-Class Matter Editor-In-Chief, Louise Carter Business Manager, Lois Goss STAFF Associate Editor, Jane Righter Associate Business Manager, Ruth LaGanke Advertising Editor, Katherine Cohen Exchange Editor, Amy Woodruff Secretary, Adeline Greathead On Dollar a Year Single Copy, Twenty-five Cents prrng Plorbs anb ags Spring has come! Heralded by the first blith music of the birds on their return from the south and the swelling buds on twigs and branches, it is here. Already the daffodils are nodding their gay, golden heads in the gardens, and the brave little dandelions are peeping up over the lawns in a tentative way to open their hearts to the genial sunshine. The first shy little wild flowers lend glints of fresh color and beauty in the woodlands, and all the wee life that crawls and creeps in swamps and marshy places is alive and vivid in the joy of the days. And these are busy days for the horticulturist. There is much pruning to be done in the orchards and nursery rows and many young apple trees to be trained in the way that they should go. And the garden work moves on apace. The seeds have long since been ordered, after much deliberation and perusal of catalogues, and the planning of garden plots goes forward with much enthusiasm and anticipation—may the gardens in reality equal the ideals of the planners! This is the “rush season” in the hot bed community, and there are seedlings by the hundreds and thousands in the greenhouses, in every stage of development. The apiary, too, is awakening from its winter hibernation; the hives emerge again from their winter coverings and the bees answer again the call of all that is living and budding and venture forth in the sunshine. The poultry houses now are scenes of great activity! All the incubators are full and under the great hovers hundreds of peepsy little chicks scratch out their happy, downy babyhood, and the Easter broilers arc well started on their way in life. The time for the spring housecleaning comes again when every crack and crannie is cleaned and disinfected and sprayed with whitewash 'till it glistens in its snowy -splendor and one rejoices in the cleanliness and freshness that it proves is possible for a poultry house to possess. So busy days are these, but through all the busyness there rings the fresh, radiant vigor of the days and over all the countryside, in field and woodland and garden, things stir and live again and all the world attunes itself to spring.—L. C. 2 ilflg (§wcbm In these days of gardens and garden making, when many of us are cultivating the flowers our grandmothers cared for and loved, you may be interested to know how a garden was laid out and planted by one who could not even sec the flowers. This garden lies in a darkened room, no sunshine falls upon it, no pale moonlight floods its fragrant blossoms, and even the breezes must be tempered ere they are welcomed, but it grows and thrives and gives a world of comfort and pleasure. Come and walk with me through this garden of mine. Here you will enter through the wide gateway of imagination. Let us wander down the central path. It is firm and hard because it is made of Grit, and on both sides are lovely flowers in bloom. Here is a large bed of Patience, the coloring is always soft and gentle; there a bed of beautiful, bright blossoms of Hope; near by the sturdy, vigorous plants called Courage, climbing high on Steadfast poles; and that dear little vine running close to the ground, in and out among the other flowers, is known as Cheerfulness. There is a small hot-bed in that south-emly corner where I raise Smiles, because, as you well know, very often it happens that they have to be forced. Down at the end of the path trickles a tiny fountain. It sings a trusting little song and in its shining pool I wash away my tears and fears. See what a high fence I have built around my garden! It is made of Determination, with good -stout posts of Perseverance. This protection is absolutely necessary to keep out the Grumble Vine, an annoying, persistent weed, doing no end of harm, which grows just outside and is continually trying to creep in. It runs along on a sort of Fret-work of its own devising, and once became so strong and pushing, it actually broke down a portion of the fence and crept into the garden. I repaired the break with a good piece of Pluck, and cut down the vines. Alas! the root is always there, although if I am watchful the tendrils rarely get over the barrier. Outside my garden grows a large tree, in appearance something like a Weeping Willow; it is called the tree of Discouragement, and often casts a shade over my beds of beautiful flowers. Occasionally, just at nightfall, a big black bird comes and sings in the branches; it is known as the Complaining Bird and makes its nest in the swamp of Self Pity. It has a dreary, mournful, depressing note to which I try to pay no heed. It does not come very often, and if I refuse to listen, flies away. The only im- Flement I have used in my garden is an ron Will. Let me gather for you a nosegay of Patience. Hope, Courage and Cheerfulness. You will see that T always tie the blossoms together with a string of Good Resolutions. You, too, can enter through the same gateway and make a beautiful garden of your own, but you must plant and cultivate the flowers yourself. 3 —Contributea by H. L. ■poisonous plants D. W. S. The subject of poisons, their sources, methods of recognition, the effects produced, and the treatment prescribed, is one of the utmost importance to the physician and to the veterinarian. The interest in toxicology, the science of poisons, is shared by the botanist and the horticulturist, and rightly so, for the earliest known poisons were derived from plants. Later those of animal origin, such as snake venom, and those obtained from minerals as arsenic and mercury were studied. The early history of plant poisons is involved in myth, for it is said that Hecate, the Greek goddess of mystery and magic arts was the discoverer of poisonous herbs. The Egyptians were familiar with effects and uses of such plants as henbane, aconite and the poison hemlock. They also knew the very deadly prussic acid which they extracted from the leaves and the fruit of the peach and which they used in putting to death those who revealed religious secrets. The ancient Greeks and Romans likewise made a study of the poisonous plants and the products which they yielded. Pliny mentions that the Gauls dipped their arrows before going into battle in preparations of veratrum, the false hellebore, a plant found in our region which is used in medicine and which has been known to have produced fatal results when mistaken for other plants that resemble it. It was not uncommon during the early and middle ages to put condemned criminals to death by administering poisons. It is said that the deaths of Socrates, Demosthenes, Hannibal and Cleopatra were due to the effects of poisons. Our present knowledge of poisonous plants dates back mainly to the middle and latter part of the nineteenth century, after rapid advances had been made in botany and chemistry. The number of poisonous plants known at the present time is very large, numbering thousands. It is rather difficult to give an exact definition of a poisonous plant for the toxic substances produced by plants vary very much under different conditions. Under poisonous plants might be included all such plants that, when man or animals come in contact with them or when parts of the plants or their products are taken into the animal body, they cause injurious symptoms, and tend to produce death or serious detriment to health. What is poison to one animal may be food to another, or at least entirely harmless. A plant may be poisonous to man and not to animals; this is true to a certain degree for poison ivy, a very common plant that is at once suggested when poisonous plants are mentioned. Many animals eat this plant with perfect impunity. Snails can stand larger doses of strychnine than man. A rabbit is capable of withstanding larger doses of morphine than man. The hedgehog can stand far more prussic acid than man can. The age and health of the individual have a very important bearing on the degree of the toxicity. A young animal is usually much more susceptible to poison than an older one. In like manner the age of the plants has a direct relation to the amount and concentration of the poisons contained. In the younger stages of growth the poke-weed has no poisonous principles but later it developes the acrid alkaloid phytolaccin, and other toxic substances. The manner of applying or injecting the poison varies the effectiveness of it. Some substances are more poisonous when applied to the skin, or injected subcutaneously. than when taken into the digestive tract. Certain plant contents are harmless when applied to the skin, but when taken into the alimentary canal and the digestive ferments' act on them, they become deadly poisons; such the case with the glucoside 4 amygdlain from which by enzyme action the deadly prus-sic acid is liberated. The effect produced by vegetable poisons differ, in that some produce skin disease, as poison ivy, poison oak, certain fungi, etc. Other plant poisons when taken into the system cause various disorders, a number affecting the nervous centres. Some effects are mechanical. The ordinary fodder plants, in no sense poisonous, often cause serious disorders among domestic animals when taken in too large quantities. In view of the varying effects produced by plant toxins under varied conditions, it is very difficult to make an accurate list of the plants that are poisonous. Among the lower forms of plant life, many forms could be cited. During the last twenty-five years especial emphasis has been put on the study of bacteria, minute plants, so small that no doubt many of them are too small for us to see even with the most powerful microscope. Some are instrumental in bringing about the decomposition of organic substances and in this process liberate many toxic products, among these the ptomaines, alkaloidal compounds, whicn when taken into the system cause serious disorders and very often produce death. The disease-producing bacteria could well be called poisonous plants. In the large group of the fungi, which includes mushrooms, toadstools, rusts, smuts, mildews, molds, etc., many poisonous forms are found. Among the fleshy fungi it is often very difficult to distinguish between those that contain toxic principles and those that are harmless. Through ig- norance of those points which distinguish poisonous from ediuie lift 1 10 4. . ( of poisoning occur, often resulting in uv.au. These errors of identification have been frequent enough to inspire the timid with a decided dread of all fungi. Fortunately there are relatively few of the fleshy fungi that are deadly. The question is often asked : “how can one be absolutely certain of the poisonous forms?” Captain Macllvaine says that there is no fixed rule by whicl the poisonous and the edible fungi can separated. He gives two suggestion “Never eat a toadstool found in the woods or shady places, believing it to be the common mushroom. Never eat a white or yel-low-gilled toadstool.” Most of the cases of mushroom p. ri are due to the “Death Cup” (Amanita plial loides) often mistaken for the comm mushroom by the gatherer of edible fun The bulbous base of the stipe, the white gills and white spores are a few of the characters which distinguish it from Agari-cus campestris which lacks the “bulb” and has pinkish or brownish gills and dark-colored spores. The toxic property is phallin, a tox-albumin which acts on the red blood corpuscles, dissolving them. Atropine is used as an antidote for the poison. Many cases of poisoning have been attributed to the Fly Amanita (Amanita mus-caria), a closely allied species which is widely distributed, but can be recognized by its orange-red or pale yellow cap, over which flocculent scales are scattered. The spores are white, as in the other species. (To be concluded). 5 (jHueljnuuns—iftagbc How often my eye, as it has followed the lines of an uninteresting magazine article, has strayed aside into the advertisement columns and read Grow Mushrooms Grow Rich No Trouble—Little Expense! Then I have leaned back in my chair and presto—I have glided through the Alleg-hanies in my luxuriant touring car, destined for Coronada Beach; or billowed around Hatteras in my yacht bound for Palm Beach. With such daydreams drifting in my subconscious mind, I heard with delight one day in early November that we were really foing to grow mushrooms here at school. Yevious to that time we had been advised by our instructor as to the nature, habits, and requirements of the mushroom. We had learned that the mushroom is a fungus, the vegetative part of which is a mass of hyphal threads called mycelium; and that the edible portion includes the spore bearing gills. We had learned of the propagation by means of “mushroom spawn,” that this spawn was specially and carefully prepared by certain seed firms and that the quality of the spawn determined to a large extent the success or failure of one’s mushroom crop. We had been warned that the mushroom was extremely particular about its food, having a decided preference for short, sweet manure from stables where horses were fed on hard grain. We had learned also that the mushroom spawn after being soaked in tepid water liked to be put into a pleasantly warm bed of 80 degrees Fahrenheit in a dark room having a rather even temperature, between 55 and 60 degrees Fahrenheit; that it was fond of an occasional drink of tepid water and was particularly pleased with a slight stimulant concocted of one ounce of Hartshorn Salts and five gallons of water. it was on November 9th that we adventured into the field of Mushroom Culture. Hopefully we adventured, but dubiously, for had we not been instructed that the mushroom desired a dark room with a temperature between 55 and 60 degrees, and did not the carnations growing in that; raised bed under which the mushrooms were to be grown, yearn for sunshine and like 50 degrees Fahrenheit or even less? When we arrived at the greenhouse that morning of November 9th, we were told that the manure had come, and that we were to heap it out of doors in piles four ifeet by five feet and three feet in height. We used our spading forks, making the boundaries of the first layer, then filling in towards the centre and tramping each layer firmly, and proceeding in like manner with each succeeding layer. A little powdered gypsum sprinkled between these layers of manure would have lessened appreciably the escape of nitrogen, but we took all available precautions against the excessive leaching of this plant food by covering the piles with straw mats. At about the second spade full it was unanimously decided that possibly the manure might in time become short, but sweet—never! In five days the piles had heated sufficiently to be turned. We turned the stacks inside out thus insuring an even decomposition of the material, shaking the straw and watering any manure that had burned, and always tramping each layer firmly. The third time the piles were turned the manure had shrunk to half its original bulk and was stacked in one pile. That, we were told, would be the last turning as the manure was really getting quite short and sweet. About this time my enthusiasm for mushroom culture, damped by abounding backaches, began to wane and it was with anything but delight that T discovered on the 6 day we went home for Thanksgiving vacation, that the manure was finally sufficiently short and sweet to be packed in the permanent mushroom bed under the carnation bench. Contrast may enhance or it may detract; contrasted with the two original stacks of mushroom manure, the one remaining pile was indeed sweet, but, even so, it was not a bed of roses! Alas! I had put on my best shoes that morning preparatory to leaving for home, and I had no overshoes. One of the Seniors once remarked at the beginning of a certain unpleasant occurrence, “It will pass.” This disagreeable task likewise passed, amid much backache, and finally the manure was firmly packed under the bench and there was left to settle until our return. On December 3d the temperature of the bed had descended to 80 degrees Fahrenheit and the time had come to insert the spawn. We marked off the distances ten inches by ten inches in the bed. We had taken precautions to buy spawn from a reliable firm. This was soaked in tepid water, being broken into pieces the size of a turkey’s egg, and then inserted into the bed to the depth of an inch. The entire bed was then covered with straw. “In eight days,” my lecture notes state, “growth will have started.and at the end of two months the mushrooms may be gath- ered, and the crop continues for three months.” On the eighth day after the spawn was inserted, a group of curious students gathered around the mushroom bed to see what this mycelium looked like. But horrors ! the maggot of the common house fly, those destructive little maggots that cause the failure of one’s entire mushroom crop, had beaten us to it.” “The spawn was infested,” said one student. Maybe they were in the manure.” said another. But whatever their origin they were eating our embryo mushrooms with gusto and seemed determined to stay. My heart sank as visions of beefsteak heaped high with mushrooms faded away. However, we gave the culture the benefit of the doubt, and, proceeding according to instructions, covered the entire bed with finely sifted soil to the depth of an inch to an inch and a half, and replaced the straw. Since then our mushroom bed like the family skeleton has remained hidden under its cover of straw. Two months have come and gone but no mushroom has poked its little round, bald head above the ground. But a report has recently circulated that with the aid of a magnifying glass the mycelium threads have actually been seen. Hurrah ! for beefsteak and mushrooms—maybe. Adeline Greathead When I vast riches would acquire 1 get some paper and some pens, Sit down before the kitchen fire And spend the evening keeping hens. Next evening 1 would richer grow And soon annex the sum to suit, I get a catalogue or so. And spend the evening raising fruit. —Exchange. 7 (Cnlunir anb the (iftaking of ,iHobent 3lialg Italy is one of the youngest States in Europe. Its first national Parliament met in 1861, and in that same year Victor Emanuel II became King of Italy. Victor Emanuel II had been, up till that time, King of Sardinia, with his capital in Turin, in Piedmont. The kingdom of Sardinia comprised the islands of Sardinia, the province of Piedmont, and Nice and Savoy. The steps by which Victor Emanuel II went from the kingship of a small Italian kingdom to become ruler of all Italy from the Alps to Sicily, are the steps which mark the unification of the Italian States into one nation. Many forces worked together in accomplishing the unifying of Italy, and the man who was foremost in leading these forces to the fulfillment of the task was a Piedmontese, Camillo Cavour. Cavour was born in Turin in 1810, when the whole Italian peninsula was under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte. He grew up in the unsettled atmosphere in which Italy was left after the withdrawal of the French in 1815. Under the Napoleonic domination the Italian States had been divided into three groups for the purposes of government. Napoleon fell, the Congress of Vienna, in 1815, assigned the various States to their old governors or made changes in accordance with changed conditions. Southern Italy, from Naples southward, along with Sicily, was restored to the Bourbon dynasty, which had ruled them before the French invasion. The Bourbon king renamed his realm the “Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.” Piedmont and Genoa, in the northwest, and the island of Sardinia formed the Kingdom of Sardinia, under the former rulers, the House of Savory. Genoa had been a republic before the invasion, but against her will she was annexed to Sardinia. Lombardy returned to Austrian rule. Venetia, formerly a republic, was added to this to form the Austrian province of Lom-bardy-Vcnetia, governed by the Archduke Rainer of Austria, with capital at Milan. The duchies of Parma and Piacenza were assigned to Marie Louise, wife of Napoleon Bonaparte, and daughter of Francis I, of Austria. These duchies were really under the domination of Austria. The duchy of Modena was given to a prince of the House of Austria, who became Francis IV of Modena. Tuscany was restored to its former Grand Duke, Ferdinand III, a brother of the Austrian Emperor. The rest of Italy, the central States, was returned to the papacy as the Papal States, with Rome as the capital. Of these six separate governments Austria, it is seen, possessed the richest and strongest, Lombardy-Venetia. She also virtually possessed Parma, Piacenza and Modena, through members of the Austrian royal family. The French influence caused an awakening of the life of northern Italy, and renewed progress in commerce, agriculture and social life. A new middle class arose, filled with liberal idea-s and dissatisfaction with the forms of government. But the peasantry were too ignorant or indifferent to interest themselves in changing the existing conditions. The Liberal movement was strongest among the middle class, which bore the larger part of the burdens of building the new Italy. All over Italy secret societies were formed to promulgate liberalism, and many conspiracies were hatched and uprisings attempted. The largest of the secret societies was the “Carbonari.” The activity of this society caused a revolt in Naples in 1820, which was soon suppressed by the King’s troops with Austrian aid. Another revolt of the Carbonari in Turin and 8 Allesandria in the same year was crushed without any thing having been gained by the revolutionists. Genoa was the hot bed of liberalism. The city had been formerly a republic, but by the terms of the Congress of Vienna it had come under the rule of the House of Savoy. The people always maintained a hatred for the Piedmontese government. In Genoa was born that most radical and energetic of the Italian republican partisans, Joseph Maz-zini, who became one of the leading spirits of the Carbonari, and lived most of his life as an exile from ;Italy on account of his out-spoken opposition to all the forms of government in existence in Italy. Such was the State of affairs into which Cavour entered to begin his public career. At the age of ten he had entered a military Academy in Turin, from which he had graduated at sixteen. He had served five years in the engineer corps of the army at Ventimiglia. Meanwhile the revolutions of 1820 had made strong impressions on the precocious mind of Cavour. He developed Liberal tendencies, which were nourished by visits to relatives in Geneva, Switzerland, where the different forms of religion and government opened his eyes to better possibilities for his native country. His ideas differed widely from those of his family, who were all reactionary. For this reason it was a relief to both himself and family when he was sent to Genoa, on the engineering staff of that city. The atmosphere of opposition to the government of Sardinia, in which he lived at Genoa, convinced Cavour more firmly that1 the old political institutions had to be changed. His enthusiasm led him to express his convictions too openly and he came under the sun eil-lance of the police. He left the military service in 1831, disgusted with the retrograde policy of the new Sardinian king, Charles Albert. He traveled in France, Austria and England. In the latter country he studied the English constitution. On his return he found life very monotonous since he could not engage in his favorite pursuit of politics, the king being decidedly unfriendly to him. lie settled down to the management of his fathers farm estate at Leri in 1835, remaining there about ten years, occasionally taking a trip to France and England. He spent much time in the study of political economy and languages, and evolved many schemes for the betterment of the industries and agriculture of the country, which he later put in practice when he came to power. Meanwhile Mazzini was stirring the Italian people with his fiery pamphlets, advocating revolution and the setting up of republican forms of government. Other patriotic writers, such as Gioberti, Balbo and d’Azeg-lio, advanced new ideas of political reform and protests against existing evils. The secret society, “Young Italy, flourished widely throughout Italy, spreading the seeds of revolt and educating the peasantry in the needs of new government and a unified Italy. A new era began when Pope Pius was elected in 1846. He was a man of kindly disposition and was animated by the best intentions. The people of Italy welcomed his promises for reform, and expected much from him. He was prevented from accomplishing any real results by the reactionary opposition of the Roman Curia and the representatives of the Powers. Yet the awakening was having its effects. In Sardinia, the king, Charles Albert, was impelled by the popular clamor to give certain privileges to his people; free election of communal and provincial councillors, improved police justice and a measure of liberty to the press. Political journals sprang up into existence. The first of these was “II Risorgimento,” (The Resurrection), which was founded by Cavour, in Turin. This paper at once advocated constitutional reform in Piedmont. Cavour’s plans now became evident. He wanted to prepare Piedmont for the leadership of the impending struggle of the Italian States against foreign domination. In a speech before a congress of journalists, Cavour declared that the king must take a decided stand and give the people a consti- 9 tution. The municipalities of Turin, Alles-sandria and Novara took up the demand and the king was forced to grant a constitution on February 8, 1848. A ministry was formed by Balbo. Cavour was left off the ministry because of his too liberal tendencies. Revolts in Venice and Milan, and the setting up of republics in these two cities caused Austrian troops to pour into Lombardy-Venetia. Cavour urged the king and ministry to go to the aid of the cities, and to take the opportunity of fighting Austria and forever expelling her from Italian soil. Piedmont declared war on Austria and sent armies to help Milan and Venice in their struggle for freedom. This was a momentous step in relation to future events. Piedmont's position in the war made her appear as the savior of Italy, and this stand was made stronger by the fact that she was the only part of the peninsula which enjoyed a national independent government. The battle of Novara, in 1849, settled the fate of Piedmont and Lombardy-Venetia. The Italians were crushed, and the defeated Charles Albert abdicated his throne immediately after the disaster of Novara, his son Victor Emanuel II taking his place. But Cavour was not discouraged by the turn of events. He maintained that so long as the constitution was kept intact in Piedmont, the cause of Italian liberty and union was safe. Meantime another part of Italy resounded with the clash of arms. A revolt in Rome in 1849 resulted in the setting up of a republic of which Mazzini was the head. The Pope called upon the powers to aid him. Spain, Austria and France responded, and the French re-established the Pope's rule, after being obstinately opposed by Garibaldi's volunteers. Louis Napoleon was President of France, and he persuaded the French Assembly that France s', oid 1 fight the growing power of Austria in ltdy. The French troops remained in Rome as the protectors of the Pope's government. In Piedmont Cavour was constantly obtaining concessions for the people. He loomed up as the leader of the new movement for Italian nationalism, with Piedmont at the head. He was elected to the Parliament in 1849, and in 1850 became Minister of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce. A year later he also assumed the office of Minister of Finance. He reorganized the finances of Piedmont, and his offices gave him predominance in the Cabinet, because of his bold schemes and his courageous frankness in stating his views. He left office for a few months because of a disagreement with the Premier d’Azeglio. When he returned to the Cabinet he took up the premiership. In the interval he visited England and France. At London he became intimate with Lord Palmerston, who told him that if the constitutional experiment in Piedmont succeeded, the Italian despots were doomed. Sir James Hudson, who later became British Minister at Turin also became a close friend of Cavour’s. In Paris Cavour had a long interview with Louis Napoleon, President of France. He returned to his native land filled with new vigor and encouragement. He assumed the office of Premier in 1852, and also took the Ministry of Finance. He increased taxation, drawing popular censure on himself. But he satisfied the people that the extra money was being devoted to the strengthening of the State, commercially, industrially and in a military way. He built railroads and many public works. An event now occurred which gave him the opportunity for action in the plan of bringing on another struggle with Austria. The Austrian authorities at Milan confiscated the properties of some Lombards who had become naturalized Piedmontese citizens. Cavour protested to the Powers, whose indifference prompted Austria to reply unfavorably. Cavour at once recalled the Piedmontese minister from Vienna, causing astonishment among the European courts. Things remained in this condition until the Crimean war approached. England and France declared war on Russia in 1855. They tried to get the help 10 of Austria, which was naturally opposed to any increase of Russian control in the Balkans. Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria, hesitated between this natural inclination and the alternative of appearing ungrateful to the Czar, who had helped him to put down the Hungarian insurrection in 1849. While Francis Joseph wavered, Cav-our watched the negotiations anxiously. He realized that if the Western Powers and Austria reached an agreement, the Austrian power would be supreme thenceforth in Italy. At last Cavour was able to bring France and England to acceptance of the aid of Piedmont in the war, the offer of which he had made in a desperate effort to thwart Austria’s opportunity. In January, 1855, Cavour made a treaty with England and France, by which he agreed to send troops to Crimea against Russia. The treaty offered Cavour no rewards, except the friendship of the Powers. The reasons he gave for joining the war on the side of England and France were: that it was an opportunity to make the Italian question.an international one; the Western Powers would be put under obligations to Piedmont for its aid; that he believed the Italian question to be closely bound up with the Near-Eastern problem; that he felt it was an opportunity to show Europe that Italy could send forth an army when necessary—R. B. Merrapace. (To be continued). %[}t Omuent of urpljn (D’ osermubc The great sun rises, red, red, red, The great sun sets in a fiery blaze, When the sun leaps up or sinks to bed My clear voice I in triumph raise. In a wired coop I restless strut, There is something wrong in the ominous air, Could they be planning the throat to cut, Of the great cock Murphy (they'd never dare.) Whose comb is like a budding rose. And wears on his leg a band of lead, That I am King Murphy each chicken knows, And all obey what I have said. My voice is ever raised in song, At morning, evening, and at noon, No others crow so clear and strong, No others greet the rising moon. That my end is near I cannot think 'Tho my comrades were taken one by one, Surely, man's baseness cannot sink, To take the -songster of the sun. —Phoebe Hoffman. 11 J cijool Totes January nth.—Mrs. Martha Falconer, Superintendent of Sleighton Farms, gave us a very interesting talk on “One of the Avenues Open to Graduates of the School of Horticulture ' January 25th.—A lecture on poultry by Mr. Witman of the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, was well attended and enjoyed by all. January 28th.—“Susie” camel February 1st.—Mrs. Jean Kane Foulke, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, was with us and gave a most interesting talk. She chose as her subject “The Horticultural School Student as a Home Missionary.” After the lecture, tea was served by the Seniors. February 8th.—The students and faculty attended the Rural Progress Conference in Philadelphia, held at the Widener Building. On Monday evening Dean Bailey, of Cornell University, addressed the audience in his usual delightful way; and many other interesting speakers told of the needs and conditions of the country communities, in later sessions. February 9th.—Lecture by Mr. Moore, followed by demonstration of pruning and spraying fruit trees. February I4th-2ist.—Is this an examination that I see before me? Yes, and another and another and still they cornel Will they never cease? Long ones, hard ones, dreary ones and fatal! Enough said, but in the future we will remember the motto of the boy scouts and “Be prepared.” February iyth.—Discovery of the eighth wonder of the world. It wears a green sweater and made 99J 2 in a fruit growing exam! February 22d.—A real live holiday! What do you mean you like George Washington ? February 26th.—Professor Schlehner gave an illustrated lecture on “birds.” The lecture was well attended and much appreciated by all until, the electricity gave out. February 28th.—Lucy Lee Richardson, 1915, has returned to the school for a brief visit. February 29th.—Miss Mary Youngs, of the Shedowa Garden Club, gave a very instructive lecture on the Use of Color in the Garden. 12 1 (Homing | emts March yth.—Miss Ellen Eddy Shaw, Editor Children’s Department, Garden Magazine, “Writing for Magazines. Tea 4.30. March 14th.—Mr. Howard A. Chase, a horticultural subject. March 28th.—Mr. Cyrus T. Fox, “Profit in Horticulture for Women. April 4th.—Mr. Maurice Fuld, “How to Get the Most Out of Our Flowers. Tea 4.30. April nth.—Mr Chester J. Hunt, “The Essentials of Outdoor Bulb Culture. March 25 to April 2d.—The National Flower Show will be held in Philadelphia in Convention Hall, Broad and Allegheny Avenue. The School is to have the honor of being one of the beneficiaries of the Restaurant and The Dansant which is under the management of the Garden Club of America. Such a large equipment is needed for a school of this kind that we are more than grateful, and hope that the proceeds will be large. The students have been invited to act as aids in the Restaurant on Saturday afternoon. April 1st, and cordially invite all their friends to come and be waited upon. They may be known by their green smocks and green ribbons. March 20th to April 3d.—In connection with the Flower Show the Garden Clubs of Philadelphia are arranging a lone exhibition of books on Botany, Gardening, and Landscape Art to be held in the Botanical Library of the University of Pennsylvania. The school and the instructors are contributing to this exhibit. Make an effort to go, it will be worth it. April 3th to April 12th.—The International Flower Show will be held in the Grand Central Palace, New York, under the auspices of the Horticultural Society of New York and The New York Florists’ Club. At both this and the National Flower Show, the school will exhibit, showing its produce and occupations. Come and see what we are doing. May 13th.—The Spring Conference and Flower Market will be held at the school on this date. Interesting speakers will give short addresses. Perennials and annuals will be on sale, splendid ones, and the prices will be reasonable. Write for further particulars. May 17th.—The Philadelphia Flower Market will be held in Rittenhouse Square on May 17th. This has become an annual festivity of great interest and beauty. May 20th.—Conference of the Women’s National Agricultural and Horticultural Association at 300 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, Mass. 13 Jfreitct] (Sarhemttg itt Jatglattfr While living in France some years ago, Miss Jones, an English woman, became interested in the Maraiche system of market gardening, which is carried on so extensively and successfully in the environs of Paris. She made up her mind to introduce this system into England when she returned to that country. To insure success, she engaged an experienced French gardener and his wife. Seven years ago she leased a small tract of land in Newbury, in Berkshire, and began to put her plan into operation. As a preliminary to employing the French system the two acres used were enriched with stable manure, which has been applied systematically at regular intervals ever since. No other kind of fertilizer has been used. Under the supervision of Miss Jones and the French employe the farm has been a success, both scientifically and commercially. Every available inch of the ground has been used to the fullest extent, and every crop has been forced rapidly. An average of seven crops is gathered annually. This result has been obtained not only by the forcing of crops, but by the systematic rotation of them. For example, radishes and carrots are sown at the same time, and the radishes, growing more rapidly, are gathered first, leaving the carrots thinned out for their normal development. Lettuce and cauliflower are sown at the same time in nursery beds and are ready for transplanting as soon as the carrots are out of the way. When the lettuce is taken out the ground is again sown with radish or other seeds. An irrigation system is used, and small standpipes are put at intervals of thirty feet. The soil is thrown up into ridges in the au- ••' ' Q 'otcmher or October, enriched with covered with “lights,” which ••. .. r,rion frames forty-eight by fifty-three inches square, and covered with glass. The “lights” are in turn covered with thatched rye straw mats when the occasion requires, and in this way the ground is kept always ready for the gardner. The “lights,” of which there are about Boo, are used chiefly for such vegetables or fruit as may require their assistance during their entire period of growth. During June they are almost entirely used for the growing of cantaloupes, a rare fruit in England. The principal means of forcing the rapid growth of vegetables is the use of large glass bells, about twenty inches in height and about fourteen inches across the base. Miss Jones has 1000 of these bells, which cost 26 cents each. They are set over the plants to hasten their growth, and have the advantage of being easily removable when the plants are able to grow without their help. In other words, they are used principally to harden the plants. Sometimes, when a succession of gray days is followed by one of brilliant sunshine, the bells are covered with a coat of whitewash to protect the plants from sudden change. These bells are used especially in growing lettuce and tomatoes. By producing the best qualities of fruits and vegetables and by supplying them in advance of the regular crops, the owner is able to get very high prices. No hothouses are used in the French system, and so. apart from the initial outlay and the cost of labor there is little expense attached to it. Every bit of the ground is used, and there are no paths wider than ten inches. No wheelbarrows or other vehicles are allowed, the fertilizer and the produce being carried in baskets. Miss Jones says that her farm is particularly free from plant disease and pests of all kinds, which she attributes to the extreme richness of the soil and the rapid growth of the plants. 14 Dorothy—The dentist told me that I had a large cavity that needed tilling. Ethel—Did he recommend any special course of study?—Ex. Say, Rastus, say, did you know that the negro races have all descended from Ham? That so. Well it certainly must have been smoked ham!—Ex. First Girl—Will fasting make you thin? Second Girl—I don’t think so, I lived on water for five days last summer and didn’t loose a pound. First Girl—You did? Second Girl—Yes, from New York to Liverpool. Desirous of buying a camera, a certain fair young woman inspected the stock of a local shop keeper. “Is this a good one?” she asked, as she picked up a dainty little machine. “What is it called?” “That’s the Belvedere,” said the handsome young shopman politely. There was a chilly silence. Then the young woman drew herself coldly erect, fixed him with an icy stare, and asked. “Er— and can you recommend the Belva? Fresh Student (to Prof.)—Of course I should much prefer an A to an E. Prof.—Strange that you should perfer a perfect stranger to an old acquaintance. “How much vas dose collars?” “Two for a quarter.” “How much for vun?” “Fifteen cents.” “Giff me de odder vun.” “What is a roost, dad?” asked Tommy. “A roost, my son, is a pole upon which chickens sit at night,” replied his father. “And what’s a perch, dad ?” “A perch is what chickens perch on.” “Then, I suppose, dad, a chicken could roost on a perch?” came a further inquiry. “Of course,” was the smiling reply. “And they could perch on a roost?” “Why. y-ye$,'‘ answered dad. “But if chickens perched on a roost, that would make the roost a perch, wouldn’t it? But if, just after some chickens had perched on the roost and made it a perch, some more chickens came along and roosted on the perch, and made it a roost, then the the roast would be a perch and the perch would be a roost, and some of the chickens would be perchers and the others would be roosters, and—? —Tid Bits. EXCHANGE NOTES Since the last issue of “Wise-Acres,” we have received the following Exchanges: The Wheaton Record Lasell Leaves The Wissahickon The Garnet and White Les Colli ties The Irwinian Chestnut Burr The Gleaner The Cambridge Review The Neva Century Journal The Signal Countryside Magazine The Wallcourt Lion 15 3Ji Qian lie Somebody had -said that it couldn’t he done, But he with a chuckle replied, That “Maybe it couldn't,” but he would be one Who wouldn’t say so till he tried. So he buckled right in, with the trace of a grin On his face. If he worried he hid it. He started to sing as he tackled the thing That couldn’t be done—and he did it. Somebody scoffed: “Oh, you’ll never do that; At least no one ever has done it.” But he took off his coat and he took off his hat, And the first thing he knew he’d begun it; With the lift of his chin and a bit of a grin, Without any doubt or quiddit; He started to sing as he tackled the thing That couldn’t be done—and he did it. There are thousands to tell you it cannot be done, There are thousands to prophesy failure; There are thousands to point out to you, one by one, The dangers that wait to assail you. But just buckle in with a bit of a grin. Then take off your coat and go to it; Just start to sing as you tackle the thing That “cannot be done” and you’ll do it. From the I aurel Dispatch, House Publication for Art Stove Co., Detroit, Mich. F- F- They said that once she laid a garden out. To me she did not look so strong and stout! But yet they said she laid that garden out.| She surely laid that garden outl She did not leave a single Brussels sprout. The only things the frightened gardener found Were vegetables that grow under ground. U � ALL THE TIME VICTOR MAYER H. R. NIBLOCK Ladies’ and Men’s Tailor Steam Dyeing and Scouring Altering, Cleaning and Pressing. Repairing Neatly Done Restaurant and Oyster House Oysters in all Styles Meals at all Hours WE MANUFACTURE ICE CREAM Bell Phone 42 A 421 Butler Avenue, Ambler, Pa. 417 Butler Avenue Both Phone AMBLER, PA. THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF AMBLER, PA. J. Watson Craft E. H. Faust President Vice-President Wm. A. Davis, Cashier HONEY William Rodemick DBALBK IN Dry Goods, Notions, Groceries and General Merchandise JARRETTOWN, PA. Harry C. Lange Practical Horseshoer General Jobbing Jarrettown, Pa. PRESERVES School of Horticulture for Women Ambler, Pennsylvania GIFT BOXES OF FOUR ASSORTED JELLIES OR JAMS IN ATTRACTIVE LOW GLASSES WITH WHITE CAPS, $1.00. Currant Jelly.....................20 Strawberry Preserve...............20 Gooseberry Jam....................20 Cherry Jam .......................20 Orange Marmalade..................20 Honey. 16 oz. jar.......................................$35 Canned Peaches, one and two quart cans..................50 per quart Canned Pears, one and two quart cans................... 35 Canned Currants, for pies ..............................50 Canned Blackberries, for pies...........................50 Canned Gooseberries, for pies...........................50 Canned Cherries, for pies...............................50 Canned Asparagus.......................................50 Canned String Beans.....................................50 Pear Butter.....................$ .40 per quart Spiced Pears.......................50 “ Spice Peaches......................50 “ FLAVOR. TEXTURE AND APPEARANCE ARE THE BEST. OUR GARDEN AND ORCHARD PRODUCTS ARE USED. Jams and Jellies Canned Fruits and Vegetables H. J. DAGER, INC. SUBURBAN REAL ESTATE. INSURANCE AND MORTGAGES FARMS A SPECIALTY AMBLER, PA. J. M. KIRK SANITARY PLUMBING GAS AND STEAM FITTING Pumping machinery of all kinds Windmills, Gas Engines, etc. OFFICE. 304 BUTLER AVENUE BOTH PHONES AMBLER, PA. FRANK PALUMBO Ladies’ and Men’s Tailor J. Watson Craft Ambler, Pa. Manufacturer of and Dealer in “Enterprise” Brand of Scratch and Mash Feed Dairy Feed constantly in stock. Complete Line of Building Material LEHIGH COAL KNIGHT BUILDING Ambler, Pa. BOTH PHONES W. N. HEISS ---0RA1.BR IN- Dry Goods, Notions, Millinery. Men’s Furnishings 303-305 Butler Ave., AMBLER, PA. THIS BOOKLET FROM THE PRESS OF GEO. W. LUTZ II SOUTH MAIN ST. AMBLER. PA. Pittsburg Electric Fence and other Fencing Materials BELL PHONE The House of “Michell” (ESTABLISHED OVER A QUARTER CENTURY) Is the most completely equipped establishment of its kind in the United States. Call and inspect our various departments, or write for our large descriptive catalog. HENRY F. MICHELL CO., 518 Market St., Philadelphia Plant Establishment, Nurseries and Trial Grounds, Andalusia, Pa. FLOWER SEEDS, VEGETABLE SEEDS, LAWN FIELD GRASSES, FARM SEEDS. GARDEN TOOLS, POULTRY SUPPLIES, --- j FERTILIZERS. 18102836 Get them at Treers SEEDS, PLANTS, BULBS Decorative Plants. Palms Ferns, etc., Roses, Hardy Perennials. Hardy Shrubs and Climbers, Aquatics, Bulbs for Spring and Fall planting, Flower, Vegetable and Farm Seeds of all kinds, and a full line of the best Garden Implements. Tools. Lawn Mowers, etc. Catalogues mailed free. La wn Grass Seed a Specialty. Henry A. Preer 714 - 716 Chestnut Street PHILADELPHIA . 'J'gg . FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF AMBLER, PA. Harry G. Lange Practical Horseshoer General Jobbing Jarrettown, Penna. Wdliai.. Rodemick DEALER IN Dry Goods, Notions, Groceries and General Merchandise J. Watson Craft K. H. Faust President Vice-President Win. A. Davis, Cashier . JARRETTOWN, PA. and the Roof DiiiiuiniHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiininiiiiH A Stray Spark Caught That spark destroyed more than the home—it has swept away things that neither money nor labor can restore— things that sentiment and love have rendered priceless. Some cold, bleak night you and your family may also be mournfully looking at a heap of ruins that a few minutes previous was your home, unless you protect yourself against the devastation of the stray spark; the one certain protection is to roof with Ambler Atbeatoa Century ” Shingles. But don't do it until you've proved to yourself that they are fireproof—not partly, but absolutely. Send us your address and we will mail you a sample Ambler Asbestos “Century Shingle and also tell you where you can most conveniently obtain them. Hold this sample shingle over a lamp. Hold it there as long as you like and it won't bum—it can't—it's asbestos. Test the shingle for toughness. Try and bend it. You can't. Just because you can't, it makes a roof that lasts— nobody knows how long, but at least as long as your house. Look at its beauty—its soft, artistic, unfading colorings. It comes in red, blue-black and gray. It doesn't need paint and it never will. KEASBEY MATTISON COMPANY, Dept. A, Ambler, Pa. Offices and Warehouses in all Important H BnB Cities throughout the United States A 1 I Eaaamap1! ■ J| Asbestos Shinties A _ A _VI.- An Ambler Asbestos “Century Shingle roof can't wear out. doesn't depreciate, doesn't leak, split nor warp. It stands up equally well in the coldest winter and the hottest summer. Its only expense is Its first cost and that is low. quality and worth considered. Right now, write us for the sample shingle. H. J. DAGER, INC. W. N. HEISS ---DEALER IN-- Dry Goods, Notions, Millinery, Men’s Furnishings 303-305 Butler Ave., AMBLER, PA. SUBURBAN REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE AND MORTGAGES FARMS A SPECIALTY AMBLER, PA. J. M. KIRK J. Watson Craft SANITARY PLUMBING GAS AND STEAM FITTING Pumping machinery of all kinds Windmills, Gas Engines, etc. OFFICE, 304 BUTLER AVENUE BOTH phones AMBLER, PA. Diamonds, Watches, Clocks, Silverware, Cut Glass, etc. —at— Lamphere’s Jewelry Store AMBLER, PA. THIS BOOKLET FROM THE PRESS OF AMBLER PRINTING HOUSE THE BETTER KIND OF PRINTING It SOUTH MAIN ST. ■ELL PHONE AMBLER. PA. Amhler, Pa. Manufacturer of and Dealer in “Enterprise” Brand of Scratch 8 Mash Feed Dairy Feed constantly in stock. Complete Line of BUILDING MATERIAL LEHIGH COAL Pittsburg Electric Fence and other Fencing Materials Bell Phone 42-A VICTOR MAYER LADIES’ and MEN’ TAILOR Steam Dyeing and Scouring Altering, Cleaning and Pressing. Repairing Neatly Done 421 Butler Avenue, Ambler, Pa. H. R. NIBLOCK RESTAURANT OYSTER HOUSE Oysters in all StylesMeals at all Hoars WE MANUFACTURE ICB CREAM 417 Butler Avenue Both Phones AMBLER, PA. ALL THE TIME CONTENTS Editorial....................... A Letter from a Former Student Horticulture and its Application.. Flowering Bulbs for the House... Alumnae Notes.................. School Notes................... Do you know.................... 2 3 5 6 11 11 12 Jokes 12 4 WISE-ACRES 4 Vol. hi November, 1916. No. 11 Published Quarterly by the Students of the School of Horticulture for Women, Ambler, Pa. Entered at the Ambler Post Office as Second-Class Matter staff Editor-in-Chicf, Amy Woodruff Associate Editor, Marion Hardy Exchange Editor, Edith Sisc Business Manager, Katherine Cohen Associate Business Manager, Beatrice George Secretary, Ruth A. Gerhard Advertising Editor, Beatrice L. Williams Associate Advertising Editor, Isabel Marquedant One Dollar a Year Single Copy, Twenty-five Cents Editorial The peculiar feature of a school as an instiution is that in the course of a very few years its members depart and new ones enter. In the Government of the U. S., for instance, although the heads may change at each election, the rank and file of workers remain in office for many years. It is therefore necessary, if a new school would have unity and a special stamp of its own, that each entering class should select the best things that the former classes have done and repeat them, thus making certain customs and events traditional. In this school the Faculty works out our academic life. They determine the status of the scholarship. The amusements and sports are left to the initiative of us, the students, subject to approval by the Director. This is the custom in colleges and schools where students are adults, as it goes without saying, that required recreations would be no recreations at all. It is for us to determine whether the school appeals to mere faddists or to those who are desirous of the broadening effect of a well-rounded school life. Schools, as a rule, make their appeal through sports and social events. Although we do not expect hockey teams or Junior promenades in such a small school, we do need social entertainment that will be in harmony with our work. The school is in the period of experimentation and few or none of its endeavors are yet worthy of the adjective “traditional.” The Neighborhood Christmas Party, which we gave last year, was a social success and proved to be a happy idea. We suggest that it be repeated. The Hallowe’en Party of last year was such a success that it was repeated this year. We hope the Senior Reception will bear the same fate. But since all these events occur within the first three months of school, the efforts of any of the new students to brighten the following months in a more or less similar manner would be greatly appreciated. “Call a truce, then, to our labors. Let us feast with friends and neighbors, And be merry as the custom of our caste.” 2 J . letter from a former tubent Deal Girls: My introduction to work on Sleighton Farm is still vivid. It was hot and muggy that Saturday morn, in July, when I arrived clothed in my right mind but in a very hot suit. Miss Farrall, the farmer and my chief, met me with the announcement that I was to begin work at once with as many girls as I thought I could manage. Manage, the word struck fear into my heart when I learned that the girls I was to have that particular afternoon were the most unmanageable on the farm. I decided that two would be sufficient. The one outstanding piece of work seemed to be the rescuing of the flowers in the garden from the weeds, which were so luxuriant that it almost seemed as if someone had been applying nitrate of soda and frequent doses of liquid manure around them during the four weeks when there was no greenhouse lady, as the girls call the officer in charge of that work. We worked steadily from two until four, and at the end of that time we had literally bushels of weeds to show for our afternoon’s work. The disappointing part was that the garden showed no decided improvement after all that labor. The garden was wet and muddy and the condition of my suit, skirt and shoes reminded me of that never-to-be-forgotten first afternoon at school two years ago, when we had to bud peach trees in the educational orchard. No one’s trunk had arrived and consequently twenty of us in winter suits proceeded to kneel in the dust to struggle with budding knives and buds. Never do I recall when five o’clock was more welcome than that afternoon. The discipline had not been difficult but I felt the strain of watching the girls and my right arm was tired from wrestling with the weeds. I had hardly removed a goodly portion of the garden from my hands and clothes before I was sent to the reception cottage to assist there for the evening. During their recreation hour the girls in this cottage are closely watched. Dancing, “squabbling,” laughing and bitter weeping were indulged in by the various girls. It was a strange evening. Eight o’clock came at last and once back in my room I felt as if I had lived a long, long time in that one half day. Monday morning my real work began. The hour was seven, breakfast at seven fifteen had been bad enough at school, but here we are served at half past six, with the rising bell ringing at quarter to six. After that gong resounds through the house sleep is impossible, for all forty girls are up pounding their “ticks” with every ounce of strength they possess. Beds must be made, rooms cleaned and floors polished before breakfast. This precludes that last delicious sleep just before the breakfast bell rings. Now that I am accustomed to it I enjoy working at that early hour, and ten thirty, the time that field work stops, arrives almost too soon. Eight girls work with me in the morning and a similar group in the afternoon from two to five. My evenings are free, Saturday afternoons and every other Sunday as well. The, work on my Sundays “on” has been varied. The greenhouse duties are always with me and besides that I have had to take charge of the administration building, manage the kitchen in some one of the cottages or assist some matron. So besides practicing horticulture I dabble in domestic science and operate a telephone exchange on occasions. It’s lots of fun. 3 The first two weeks still stand out in my memory as fourteen awful days. The heat and humidity were terrific. Then, too, the responsibility of watching and directing the girls was wearing at first. To use their own expression the girls try to “put over” on a new officer things that are not permissible, and she must be on her guard until she knows the girls individually. On no occasion has the disclipine been difficult. This is largely because the best girls are selected from the honor cottages to do greenhouse work as a special reward for good conduct. We worked overtime that fortnight to get the garden in good condition. Weeds disappeared and the beds which had been wandering all over the paths were brought back and held firmly in place by sod. There was to be no more running away with the rain! The girls cut all the sod for the paths in this newly arranged garden, hauled it there in donkey carts and laid it. The result is not exactly professional in appearance but given a year’s time it will be quite satisfactory. The older part of the garden is very interesting. An old barn was torn down two years ago and Miss Landmann, the farmer at that time, conceived the idea of leaving the stone walls and pillars as the nucleus of the upper garden layout. The walls form a good enclosure on three sides. The pergola constructed out of the pillars and heavy oak beams adjoins the enclosed gardens and leads or to the lower garden in which a sun dial and lily pond are the interesting features. 'The lower garden and greenhouse are too closely related to each other from the landscape artist’s point of view, but from the standpoint of convenience the arrangement is ideal. While the greenhouse is a comparatively small one a variety of crops can be grown by using every available bit of space. Fortunately the house has both a warm and a cool room, and the usual flowers and vegetables will be forced in them. Besides the house there are twenty cold frames. Ten of these are now planted with lettuce and perennials and the others furnish a splendid storage for bulbs. The work is practically all done by the girls, not only in this department but throughout the institution. It is the one place I know of where the laborers are many. Some of the girls are particularly interested in plant life and greenhouse operations and would like to continue this kind of work in a greenhouse establishment. The majority, however, even while they like flowers only work with them because they have to. Classes in elementary botany and the care of the flowers will soon begin in school. In connection with these there will be some laboratory work in the greenhouse. The girls are absolutely ignorant of the names of the flowers, and as for tools, the terms applied to them are amusing. The other afternoon one of the girls inquired which “horn” she should put in the sprinkling can before using it, and strange to say, it was several seconds before I realized she was referring to a rose. The float is called by anything but its proper title, generally “boat.” On one occasion when we were staking up some heliotropes an ardent worker asked for another “baboon” stick. Their favorite name for heliotrope is ice cream, or chocolate cake, so closely are the sense of smell and taste connected. They regularly begin and close the day by seeing what time it is by the “sundown” as one girl calls it. Naturally a position here offers a twofold opportunity, social service as well as horticultural experience, and the work with the girls is as interesting as the work with the flowers. Our department is only a small part of this wonderful institution, and I am hoping that you all are coming out soon to visit the farm, the greenhouse and me. You are always welcome. Sincerely, RUTH LaGANKE. 4 Moriiculiure anb its Practiced JVpplicatitm When we reflect upon the resourcefulness of horticulture, and how very dependent we are upon it, how entirely dependent the islands of the seas are for that which the soil produces in food and clothing and raw material to be converted into indispensable product for manufacture, we arc convinced that the subject of horticulture is unfathomable in its possibilities, most interesting in its variation and instructive in its development. All that which goes through out hands in a commercial way, is largely of a horticultural character. For ages past and ages to come, the study of how best to treat the soil, and cultivate the crops for greater production, has been and will be the vital practice. Education linked with horticulture, equips one to be more observing in everything that grows, in nature's scenery, mountains, streams and forests, in every living creature dependent upon nature and its wise provision. No vocation affords the great pleasure to a student while in training, as does a horticultural pursuit with its every day variation. To be a fair student means to know the tree, shrub and plant in their beauty and utility, to know the soil and its needs for producing specific crops, and the methods of cultivation. Soil chemistry is now the goal of the agriculturist. The material manufactured from chemicals and organic matter to feed the soil and replace the nutrition absorbed by the crops, is becoming scarce andi more so as the area of cultivation is increasing; so it is necessary to provide such fertility best suited to the individual crops, whether flowers, vegetables or agricultural crops. The horticultural student is our only hope to continue the work of beautifyng our communities, and to advance the standard of civic improvement, the conservation of the forest, preventing the pollution of streams and to make the rural home attractive. The practical application of horticulture is possible in many more ways than suggested. As the skill is applied, and the results, are shown, we find that we have reached only in a superficial way the wonderful resources of this great theme. J. OTTO THILOW. 5 Jjiofoerittg pulba for ilje ouae This article, appearing as it does in a November issue, cannot, unfortunately, help the reader in the very first operations of indoor bulb growing, but it will come in time to perhaps assist the subsequent work. Unless the reader has already had experience or has read such helpful articles as those which appeared in the September number of the “Garden Magazine,” a few timely suggestions may still assure a successful display of blooms in his indoor garden. An early start with bulbs is essential to success. The reason is that the bulb commences to lose vitality as soon as it is removed from its original growing place. The longer it lies dormant, the weaker it becomes in constitution. Hence it is wise to instruct your dealer to send the various kinds of bulbs you are ordering, directly upon their arrival. Also while you are about it buy good bulbs from a reliable firm. It is not necessarily large size, but plumpness, weight, solidity and age that are the important characteristics of good bulbs. If you did not order in accordance with these suggestions this year, another time you will find it worth while to do so, for the timely planting of good-quality bulbs means two-thirds of your success. It can be said, briefly, that Freezias and Callas should be potted in July; Lilies and Paper-white Narcissus in August; and all other bulbs in September except Lilies of the Valley which will not be ready until November. There are several different ways of growing bulbs, but as growing them in soil and pots is the most usual and really the easiest way, it will be quite tfully discussed, while the other methods will first be disposed of briefly. Bulbs Grown in Fibre and Vases This is considered by some a very simple and satisfactory method, and is interesting to try. Any shallow artistic bowl of glazed or unglazed china, pottery or glass can be used as the receptacle. The prepared fibre is sold by seedsmen at about fifty cents a peck, and contains all the necessary elements of food for the bulbs except water. Hence the fibre must be thoroughly moistened before “planting” the bulbs. Simply put the fibre which should be wet though not dripping, into the bottom of the bowl to a depth of from one to three inches. Then place the bulbs so that their tips come to within a half inch of the rim of the bowl. Fill in around the bulbs with more wet fibre, pressing it down, but not too firmly. This pressure does not apply to the fibre below the bulbs. A period of storage is now needed in some dark airy place of any temperature, for the bulbs must develop their root systems. In the meanwhile keep the fibre moist, but not really wet. When the bulbs have rooted well and have grown one inch above the surface bring them out into the light near a sunny window. But do not by any chance let them freeze. Keep them carefully watered but do not have water standing in the bottom of the dish. When they come into bloom weak soot water may improve them. In Water and Pebbles For this second method all that is necessary is to place an inch of pebbles with a few pieces of charcoal in any artistic receptacle of china or glass. Thereon set the bulbs close together. When Paper-white Narcissus are treated in this way, the entire bulbs should be covered with clean cold 6 water. Store them in a dark cool place for about two weeks, adding fresh water when needed. Then bring them into the full light in a cool room. Six weeks later the flowers should appear. Narcissus Grand Soleil D’ Or takes longer to force but is lovely. Another bulb grown in this way is the Chinese Sacred Lily. Before placing the bulbs on pebbles, the Chinese peel off the brown outer skin and make a few incisions in the side to allow the new growth to break through more quickly. They then add water until it comes up to the middle of the bulb. The subsequent treatment is the same as the above, except that in this case, success will come only in a cool place. Although Crocuses take five months for maturation, the mammoth sized bulbs will be also most attractive. Hyacinths in Plain Water in Bottles Regulation “Hyacinth Glasses” may be bought in a variety of colors. Put a little charcoal in the bottom and good sweet water coming up to within one-eighth inch of the base of the bulb. Store them in some cool, airy, dark place (not a clothes closet) until the roots have reached the bottom of the glass and the top growth is three or four inches high. It is safest to leave them in the dark for a long while. See that the water is replenished when necessary and changed entirely now and again. In Soil and Pots This is the most usual method. Your soil should be at hand when your bulbs arrive. Either you may secure some good compost from a nearby florist, or you may send for soil from your seedsman; it will cost from twenty-five to thirty cents per half bushel, and this quantity will fill twelve or fourteen good-sized pans. By “pans” is meant shallow flower pots. If you are fortunate enough to live out of the city, you may mix vour own soil of J z good garden loam. Ys leaf mould and well decayed stable manure. Yz sharp sand. Above all things, never use stale, old, discarded soil. The receptacles should also be ready in time. Bulbs look most attractive planted several in one pan, although the following may be potted singly: Dutch Hyacinths, Callas, Lilies, Cyclamen. The below will give an idea of how many bulbs to plant in each pan: Crocus 6-in. pan. 12 8-in. pan. 20 10-in. pan. 35 Daffodils 6 10 15 Dutch Hyacinth 4 6 9 Freezia 12 20 35 Jonquills, little 12 20 35 Lilies of the Valiev .. 12 25 40 Polyanthus Narcissus 5 9 15 Roman Hyacinths ... 5 9 15 Tulips 9 15 22 Fern dishes may be used for small flat bulbs, such as Crocuses. The choice of bulbs is large, but certain varieties are easier to grow than others. The following are recommended: Single Dutch Hyacinths, hardy and graceful; various Narcissus—Poetaz, Trumpet, Poeticus Orna-tus, and the double-flowering varieties Orange Phoenix and Van Sion; 7 also the more tender Roman Hyacinths and Paper-white Narcissus and other Polyanthus Narcissus. The beautiful little blue bulb, Scilla Siberica, can be grown with great satisfaction and Roman Hyacinths are the easiest of all bulbs to force. Giant Crocus bulbs are most effective, but these and Tulips are not so easy of culture, as they need to develop very slowly in a low temperature. Burying them out of doors proves most satisfactory. Of the Tulips, Due Van Tholl and the double or single early flowering kinds are found suitable for forcing. It is best to plant only one variety and one color in one pan. The effect is. far prettier. The process of potting is not difficult. First place in the pan about a one-inch layer of broken crockery, dried leaves or sphagnum moss for drainage. Fill the pan, then, to two-thirds of its capacity with soil, and on this place the bulbs. They may almost touch each other. Remember that the nose or tip of the following bulbs should protrude from the soil after potting is finished. Hyacinths, Daffodils and Narcissus, while all others should have the tip just under the surface. It is advisable to put a little coarse sharp sand around the bulbs as you fill in, and to firmly press the soil about them and over them. Leave one-half inch space vacant below the rim of the pan for watering. Finally label each pan clearly and accurately. Storing them away in the dark for the purpose of making roots is the next thing to be done. Except in the case of Freezias and Oxalis, Callas and Lilies, all bulbs require this treatment. They may be stored either in doors or outside. Out of doors you can place the pans in a cold frame, situated in the shade, in autumn. The soil should be removed to a depth of ten or twelve inches, and a layer of coal ashes one inch deep should be spread so that the pots may stand upon them. Sand, or preferably loam, should be filled in between the pans and they should be covered with the soil to a depth of several inches. After hard frost the glass should be put on the frames or else a mulch of litter may provide a covering. If no cold frame is available, the pans may be stored in any shady, sheltered place where the ground is well drained, by digging a trench and placing the pans therein, so that there is room for about six or eight inches of soil to be placed over them. A mulch of strawy manure or dead leaves, as advised for the cold frame, may be used above the soil during very cold weather. In city houses there is still a chance of finding a good storage place for your bulbs. It is necessary, however, to find some airy place where the temperature can be kept down between 42 and 50 degrees. If the cellar is unheated, and air can be admitted, that will prove an ideal spot. Or else how about the attic, provided that it is cold? Otherwise a spare room might be appropriated, but not a tightly shut-up place. Here all light should be excluded by two or three layers of old awning or burlap laid over the pans. In fact, a person living in one furnished room may still grow bulbs, for he can secure a wooden box and line it, if possible, •vith tin. In the bottom will go a three-inch layer of coal ashes, and on ihese the pans. The box is then filled up entirely with ashes and placed in a corner far away from the radiator. However, it may be wise to remember that under unfavorable conditions most success may be hoped for from Dutch and Roman Hyacinths, Jonquills and Daffodils, and Paper-white Narcij-sus. In every case, water the bulbs thoroughly after potting them, and if you are storing them indoors, they will need a light sprinkling every week or so when the soil appears quite dry. 8 How long should they he left in storage? The following table has been suggested for the minimum period of storage: Variety. Period of storage. Paper-white Narcissus .................... 6 weeks Roman Hyacinths .......................... 8 weeks Jonquills, Daffodils and Narcissus.... 12 weeks Dutch Hyacinths ......................... 14 weeks Tulips............................... 16 weeks Crocus................................... 16 weeks But it is wise to lift the pots occasionally to sed if the roots have made a sturdy growth and show through the hole in the bottom of the pan. By the time they are ready to bring out of storage a certain amount of top growth will also be developed. This brings us to the last stage in bulb growing, the stage which some of your bulbs may have already reached by this time in November. Bring the pans out of their storage place as the different varieties become ready. But no harm will be done by leaving a few to be brought out weekly for a succession of bloom. The pans or pots will need a thorough scrubbing, after which they should be placed in a cool room out of direct light. In a private house, perhaps the laundry would be a good place. Any yellow top growth ought to turn green at this time. After a few days they may be transferred to their permanent quarters for flowering— some airy, light spot if possible. The soil should be kept thoroughly watered, and liquid manure may be given at first weekly and later every day or so. The period of bloom may be prolonged by keeping water in dishes on the radiators to evaporate moisture into the air, by sprinkling tobacco dust around the plants to ward off attacks of “green fly,” and by keeping the bulbs out of direct sunlight. Dutch Hyacinths will need a little special attention. When their top growth has attained a height of a couple of inches, the flowering stalk will threaten to bloom without developing any height. They will then need to be “pulled” or “drawn up to the light” by placing some light-excluding device over the base of the plant for a week or more. One suggestion for this is a tall salmon can with both ends cut out. It is slipped down over the whole plant. Otherwise a cone may be made of stiff paper or card board, with the circumference equal to that of the pot, and with about an inch of its apex cut off. It now remains only to give a few suggestions as to the arrangement of your bulbs so that they will give the prettiest effect. One very good idea is to have an improvised window bo placed on a shelf in some sunny room. The box, of galvanized iron, eight inches high and ten wide, the length of the ordinary window, can be procured from a hardware store for about a dollar. It may be painted to harmonize with the color scheme of the room, and filled to within two or three inches of the rim with some good soil below and coarse sand and a little loam above. As you bring your bulbs out of their storage in the dark, you can sink or “plunge” the pans into the window box, leaving an inch or more of the rims of the pans visible above the sandy soil. This plan is excellent because it affords additional nourishment to the roots as they grow down through the holes in the bottom of the pots and is also of great advantage in keeping the bulbs from drying out so quickly from day to day. Ferns always are 9’ charming with bulbs, and perhaps you can bring some discarded or lonely specimen into the cheerful company of your flowering bulbs and use it for filling in or for a green background. There are endless combinations and little schemes that can be adopted, and planning the display is really a matter of individual taste, and may become a most fascinating pastime. In conclusion, a word should be said of what to do with the bulbs after they have finished flowering. The process is known as “ripening off.” It consists merely of keeping the plants growing healthily after flowering until their leaves begin to turn yellow. Then watering should be sparse until the green has disappeared from the leaves, after which the pots should be laid on their sides in a cool, shady, airy place until the soil has become dust dry. After this the bulbs should be separated from the soil, all trash cleaned away and then they should be stored in a dry place until autumn, when they may be planted where desired out of doors. There is no use trying to force them in the house next year because they will not produce good flowers two years in succession. K. C., T7. 10 JUunmae |Notes Miss Emily Exley and Miss Frances Shinn are engaged in practical gardening and designing, with a studio at 235 South Eleventh street, Philadelphia. Miss Ruth La Ganke, who has charge of the greenhouse work at Sleighton Farms, Darlington, Pa., was a recent visitor at the school. Miss Adeline Greathead has left Mrs. Norton Downs, of Three Tuns, Pa., where she has had charge of the flower garden. Miss Greathead expects to remain at home this winter. Miss Louise Carter, who has accepted a position as instructor in the Concord School for Girls, Concord, Mass., has been superintending the harvesting and shipping of over 50 bushels of apples a day for two or three weeks this fall. Good luck. Louise! Miss Marguerite MacCreight is enjoying her work as an instructor of horticulture in the Normal and Industrial College at Morristown, Tenn. Miss Katharine Cloud has charge of the greenhouse at Mrs. Ellison Walbaun’s, of Ithan, Pa. We note with much pleasure that Miss Phoebe Hoffman had a poem in “The Literary Digest” of August 12, 1916. We wish her great success in her chosen work. Miss Clare Bell now has charge of a private greenhouse in Cleveland, Ohio. “But each for the joy of the working, And each, in his separate star, Shall paint the thing as he sees it, For the God of things as they are.” School Notes September 16—The Juniors were introduced to bastard trenching. May they never forget it! 1 September 23—A new innovation, the Senior reception. May it be repeated next year, as everybody had a good time. September 26—The Undergraduate Association was formed. September 28—The Seniors made their first trip to Meehan’s Nurseries to study shrubs. October 3—Mr. Alfred J. Burton, of “Windmoor,” Chestnut Hill, gave us an interesting talk on “Growing Roses for Commercial Purposes.” After the lecture a tea was given to meet Miss Lee’s sisters, Miss Mar} Lee and Miss Faith Lee. The Poultry class killed chickens. October 5—The Juniors gave an out-of-door party to Miss Seemann and the Seniors. It was thoroughly enjoyed by all. October 11—The Senior fruit growing class visited Mr. Jenks in Chestnut Hill to see grapes grown under glass. October 19—Mr. Oldys, representing the Audubon Society, gave us a very entertaining and amusing talk on birds. October 28—HALLOWE’EN PARTY ! ! 11 Ma Hmx pnofa Do you know that experts consider the “Champion” peach superior to all others? Do you know that a new book, “The Principles of Floriculture,” by Edward A. White, published by the MacMillan Company, is the first book purely on that subject? Do you know we now grow Cardoons? We never did before. Do you know that Dr. Horace Mac Farland has introduced to the public, through the October number of the Garden Magazine, three new shrubs? One of them, the Lonicers Naacki var. podocarpa, is already on sale at Mt. Desert Nurseries, Bar Harbor, Me. Do you know that a solution of fir tree oil will destroy mealy bug? It can be obtained from any seedsman. Do you know Lilium Sargentiae? Let us know, if you do. Do you know that the tennis courts have been finished? Do you know that Mrs. Doan raises guinea pigs? Jokes Real Woe.—“What are you crying for, Willie ?” “Pve got a toothache and there ain’t no school to stay home from.” B. Williams (taking her watch from under her pillow)—“Quarter of seven and the bell hasn’t rung yet. I shall certainly be late for breakfast if it doesn’t ring soon.” The new night watchman at the cottage had noticed someone using the big telescope. Just then a star fell. “Begorra,” said the watchman, “that fella sure is a crack shot.” Since buying her new car D. S. doesn’t walk in her sleep any more— she rides. How about it, Dorry. A little girl was caught picking some gooseberries that she had been forbidden to pick and her mother told her that when she was tempted to pick gooseberries again to say, “Satan, step behind me.” A few days later her mother found her again picking the berries and said: “Helen, what did I tell you?” “I did tell him and he pushed me right in.” “Can any pupil tell me where the Declaration of Independence was signed?” asked the teacher of the history class. “Yes’m, I can,” called little Johnny Baker. “It was signed at the bottom.” 12 AMBLER BAKING CO. Whatever else you may select in your daily order of food supplies remember the two strong points about our products: THE SANITARY METHODS employed in making the goods and the STANDING INVITATION to the public to visit the plant at any time. BREAD—ROLLS—CAKES BAKERY: AMBLER, PENNA. REES C. ROBERTS Apothecary No. 1 Main St., AMBLER, PA. The Methods of the House of Burpee Should make a strong appeal to those who wish success with their Garden of Beauty or their Garden of Plenty. The Horticultural School for Women Has given you an insight of the proper methods to apply. Let us start you on the right road by mailing you a Copy of our Annual, and also our 40th Anniversary Supplement. Write today “lest you forget.” A post card will do. W. ATLEE BURPEE CO. Burpee Bldgs., Philadelphia ____________________________ _ CITY GARAGE L. D. MYERS Proprietor Agent for the Maxwell, Cole, Dodge and Olds-mobile Gars TAXI SERVICE Demonstrations on request Full Line of Accessories Gars to hire at all hoars for all purposes at reasonable rates by hour or trip. Both Phones. Upholsterer, Cabinet Maker and Finisher Furniture repaired and recovered or made to order, to fit any place in your home; made right, and we beat Philadelphia houses on prices. Let us show samples of carpets, linoleums, awnings and shades; estimates furnished. A. LAPE'TINA 405 Butler Are., AMBLER, PA. Keystone Phone 34x Bell Phone 28 m I i School of Horticulture for Women AM BLER, PENNSYLVANIA. THOROUGH, practical and theoretical training given in all brandies of Horticulture, including culture of fruit, flowers, vegetables, under glass and in the open. Instruction given in marketing, packing, carpentry, garden designing, bee-keeping, poultry. Regular course two years, diploma granted. Special courses can be arranged. The following products we o. ter for sale. GREENHOUSE. Carnations, snapdragons, ferns, begonias, primulas etc. NURSERY. A limited supply of rare, well grown Nursery Stock. POULTRY. Broilers, capons, roasting and stewing chickens. JAM KITCHEN. Tams, jellies, preserves, canned fruits. HONEY. Honey for sale.