Penn State University - La Vie Yearbook (University Park, PA)

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, F- International Russians Invade Between Dec. 24 and 27, 1979, at least 350 Soviet aircraft landed at Kabul International Airport and at Bagram airbase. 25 miles north of Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan. On Dec. 27, Russian airborne troops stormed the Darulaman Palace. capturing and shoot- ing President Hafizullah Amin. By the next day. the capital was entirely in So- viet hands. In the course of the lightning invasion, tour Soviet divisions moved into Af- ghanistan. becoming the iron fist behind a eoup that ended the three-month-old regime of President Amin. Amin, whom the Soviet press had treated with respect until only a few days prior to the overth- row, was described by Moscow as lla man who was in the service of the CIA. In his place the Soviets installed Babrak Karmal, a former Deputy Prime Minis- ter long considered a Russian protege. Soviet planners made heavy invest- ments that convinced intelligence offi- cers the occupation would last for years and involve more Soviet soldiers. But re- sistant groups in many parts of the coun- try. although lacking central leadership. were expected to make it difficult for the Russians to attain their goals. , 7-Sherri Ross l4 International Turkish Coup Turkeyls generals had warned politi- cians for months to stop feuding and start working together to help end the countryls surging factional violence. But the squabbling continued. and the death toll from terrorism mounted to the point where there was talk of imminent civil war. Finally the military took matters into its own hands. In mid-Septembcr. ar- mored personnel carriers and ground troops fanned out through Turkeyls cap- ital city. surrounding government build- ings and setting up roadblocks. In a bloodless coup, a National Security Council. composed of six generals, re- placed the democratically-eleeted gov- ernment of Premier SUleyman Demirel. General Kenan Evcen. a political moderate who headed the junta. said in a radio announcement the army had moved in to prevent llfollowers of fascist and Communist ideologies. as well as re- ligious fanatics. from destroying the Turkish Republic. The generals dis- solved parliament, banned all political and trade union activity, and announced they would run Turkey ltuntil necessary laws are prepared for the smooth func- tioning of a parliamentary democracy.n rHSherri Ross Olympics l80 1980 proved to be an exceptional year for the Olympic Games. Not only did Erie lleiden capture five individual gold medals in various speed skating events but the US. hockey team performed amidst the tensions of a Cold War and potential Moscow Olympic boycott. Herb Brooksl hockey players inspired the nation and proved themselves to the world by beating the powerful Russian world champions and winning the gold medal. In other ice events, however, Ameri- cans didnlt fare as well. Gold medal hopeful Linda Fratianne came up short in figure skating with a disappointing second place finish. Teammates and po- tential gold medalists Tai Babalonia and Randy Gardner were forced to withdraw late in the competition after Gardner in- jured a groin muscle. Sweden's super-skier Ingemar Sten- mark ruled the slopes, but only a second ahead of gutsy American Phil Mahre, who returned to the mountain after reco- vering from a leg injury that almost left him impaired for life. Unfortunately, Americals hopes to compete in the Moscow summer games were shattered by a US. boycott. The protest followed a Soviet invasion of Af- ghanistan. and the fate of future Olym- pic games remained unclear. -Liz Chesney

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Actorsi Strike On July 21. after negotiators failed to agree on a new contract, 60,000 mem- bers of the Screen Actors Guild tsAGl and the American Federation of Televi- sron and Radio Artists tAFTRAl struck the motion picture and television indus- W. The two-month walkout, the longest actorsl strike in history, halted work on 50 television series and more than 20 films. The central issue in the negotiations Was how to compensate performers in PFOgrams sold to cable television and to manufacturers of video cassettes and discs. The actors union finally agreed to accept a contract that assured them of 4-5 percent of gross revenues after the sale of 100,000 cassettes or discs, and 4.5 Percent after each pay television outlet has shown a film or program for 10 days. TheIunion also accepted a 32.5 percent minimum pay increase over the next three years, raising their present salary of $225 a day to $298. -Jill Rippey Who Shot J .R.? . One of the big news stories of the year involved CBS-TVis Friday night soap opera, iiDallasii, the story of the oil e and ranching - rich Ewings. uThe guy everyone loves to hate, the villanous JR. Ewing, was shot by an unknown as- sailant in the last episode of the 1979 season. Fans of the show were left hang- lng throughout the summer and well into fall wondering whodunit. llDallas had such a large following in England that even the conservative BBC ran a story on J.R3s shooting. Wagers totalling over $235,000 were placed on the assailant in London alone. And in answer to Britainis cry of HR. for Presi- dent, Larry Hagman, who plays J.R., replied in character, ftSure. But first Cengress has to raise the salary to $5 million a year?' As of June, Londoners had the closest odds set as: Kristin Shep- ard, 4-1; Sue Ellen Ewing, 3-1; and the suPposedly dead Dusty Farlow, 2-1. The dilemna over llDallasii was finally resolved Nov. 21 at 10:56 pm. Who shot J1.R.? His mistress and wifeis sister Kris- tin Shepard. eCarol Koehler Alfred Hitchcock He was called the master of suspense, a technical genius, the most popular and celebrated filmmaker ever. Sir Alfred Hitchcock died on Apr. 29, 1980, in Los Angeles, of arthritis and kidney failure. He was a conservative man, a connois- seur of fine foods and wines, a practical joker and a multimillionaire. Hitchcock studied engineering and art at St. Ignatius College. He directed his first film, The Pleasure Garden. in 1925. then went to Hollywood in 1939 and made his Oscar-winning film Rebec- ca. His television show that began in the late 195015 caught up millions of viewers in psychological thrillers. Films such as North By Northwest, The Birds, Spell- bound, and the ever-popular Psycho earned him international acclaim. Hitchcock received the Irving G. Thal- berg Memorial Award from the Motion Picture Academy in 1967 and was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1979. Films, television, cameo appearances e all were a part of the man who delivered his most famous line in his own solemn voice . . . 1'Good evening. -Carol Koehler Steve McQueen On Nov. 7, actor Steve McQueen, 50, died of a rare form of cancer, labeled mesothelomia. Known for his tough guy rules in more than two dozen films, McQueen could be seen driving in a dar- ing car chase in Bullitt, leading a prison escape in Papillon, and masterminding an intricate theft in The Thomas Crown Affair. His life offscreen reflected his film image. A reform-school graduate, he later worked as a deckhand, a lum- berjack. and an oil rigger before turning to acting. Other more personal interests include motorcycles, airplanes, and auto-racing. He denied rumors of illness for months. Although he was told of his ail- ment in April 1980. After conventional treatment did not help, McQueen flew to Juarez, Mexico to receive laetrile ther- apy and an unorthodox nutritional treat- ment, designed to include a special diet, nutritional supplements, and ffpositive thinking. eJim Metzgar j Peter Sellers Once hailed as 11the Prime Minister of Mirth, comedian Peter Sellers died from a heart attack in August at age 54. He is remembered for his diverse comic roles in numerous films, copying voices and mannerisms of his associates. Born in 1925, Sellers was expected to follow the example of his parents and grandparents, all music hall entertain- ers. However, while imitating his offi- cers in the R.A.F., he discovered his true talent was mimicry. His first work was with the BBC on the Goon Show. After starring in the film, I'm All Right, Jack. Sellers developed a reputation for his ffworkaholic, a drive he retained even after suffering a heart attack at age thir- ty-eight. Much of his fame stemmed from one character, the bumbling Inspector Clou- seau in the Pink Panther film series. His latest critical success was as the idiot gardener, Chance, in Being There. Oth- er famous Sellers works include Dr. Strangelove, Lolita, The Mouse That Roared, and What's New Pussycat? eJim Metzgar J ohn Lennon In late December 1980, John Lennon, ex-member of the legendary rock group, the Beatles, was shot and killed by a der- anged assassin named Mark Chapman. Lennon was 40 years old. Born in Liverpool, England, in 1940, Lennon formed his first rock and roll band at age 16 with Paul McCartney. George Harrison and drummer Ringo Starr joined a few years later. The Bea- tles gained increasing popularity and in- ternational acclaim between 1962 and 1970 as ftBeatlemaniail swept around the world. Although the group disband- ed upon the arrival of the Seventies, the Beatles left a permanent mark on the music industry. In 1966, Lennon met artist Yoko Ono, whom he later married, and devoted much of his energy toward raising their son Sean. Because Lennon believed that peace and love were possible answers to the worlds problems, his death became a tragic irony mourned by millions around the globe. - Jim Metzgar J National 13

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Polish Workers Strike .ln protest to a sudden rise in meat prices. a wave of peaceful but illegal strikes in factories spread across Poland. The strike began in August 1980 as .l6t000 employees of the Lenin shipyard 1n the Baltic port of Gdansk suddenly walked off the job. They were joined by C11y bus drivers and workers at 17 near- by factories and enterprises. shutting down the countryls major Baltic seaport. The strike extended to about 400 more factories along the northern seacoast and affected key industrial cities in the south. The workers demanded a number of sweeping political reforms. Among them: free labor unions with the legal right to strike. the abolition of censor- ship. and freedom for all political prison- ers. A free trade union movement out- side Communist Party control was a vir- tual contradiction in terms for a Marxist worker state. There was also widespread fear of Soviet intervention if the strike could not be ended quickly. For three tense weeks. the world looked on as the Polish government at first denounced. then publicly negotiat- ed with. its own rebellious workers. The workers formed an lnterfactory Strike Committee as the bargaining agent for over 400 Baltic enterprises. The commit- tee displayed discipline, organization, and shrewd bargaining skills as it brought about agreements ending the major strikes. In addition to pay raises and increased social benefits. the Polish regime grant- ed a number of political concessions nev- er before seen in a Communist country: independent. workcr-run trade unions: 3 legal right to strike; and a relaxation of censorship. In return. the strikers agreed to recognize the supremacy of the Com- munist Party and to keep their trade un- ions out of the political realm. Before the strike had ended. some 500,000 workers had joined the revolt. The work stoppages had cost hundreds of millions of dollars. pushing Poland to the brink of disaster. AScott Smith Peace Talks The Egyptian-lsracli talks on Pales- tinian autonomy between Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin con- tinued to develop in the past year. Last August. Saudi Arabia put pressure on President Sadat to abandon the Camp David peace process and break relations with Israel. Shortly afterward. Sadat wrote a letter to Prime Minister Begin explaining that he had no Choice but to suspend the Egyptian-lsraeli talks on Palestinian autonomy. Saudi Arabia called for all Arab coun- tries to unite in a holy war to liberate lsraeli-occupicd Arab territory and es- tablish a Palestinian State in the West Bank and Gaza with East Jerusalem as its capital. The Israelis had a mild reac- tion. llWe are not shocked and we are not worried. said a foreign ministry spokes- man. Letters passed between Sadat and Be- gin spelled out the differences that had led to a breakdown in Egyptiamlsraeli talks on Palestinian autonomy. provid- ing insight into the thinking of both men as negotiations for peace once more reached an impasse. wSherri Ross J International l5