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Page 21 text:
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Page 22 text:
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h The history of Pembroke State University is inseparable from the history of the Lumbee Indians of North Carolina, the largest body of Indians east of the Mississippi River. Although the origin of the Lumbees remains somewhat controversial and mysterious, there is no doubt that they are a vital, vigorous part of the society and history of Robeson County and North Carolina. It is equally true that their history has been one of struggle to gain identity, to acquire an education and to become first-class citizens. Pembroke State University has its origins in that struggle. A key development in the history of the Lumbees was the North Carolina Convention of 1835. Previously the Indians were allowed to attend school, to serve m the military of their country, and, if they met the legal requirements, to vote. After this Convention, they were relegated to a condition of second class citizenship. From 1835 to 1868, the Indians suffered the indignities of discrimination. They were not allowed to vote, to attend school, or even, as a matter of general policy, to serve in the Confederate Army, though some were willing. Instead, during the Civil War they were closely watched by the Home Guard as a potential danger and used as ■■forced labor ' ' on projects such as the coastal batteries near Wilmington, a practice bitterly resented by this proud people. In fact, the confusion, discrimination and deprivation of the War years heightened tension between the races m Robeson County. This situation exploded into a ten-year war- between the Henry Berry Lowrie ■■band and the Whites in 1864. The terror and bloodshed of the Lowrie War was compounded by the bitterness and problems of Reconstruction, a period when the victorious North dealt harshly with the vanquished South. More than one hundred years after the Lowrie War the Indians of Robeson County still ponder and discuss the sudden disappearance of Henry Berry Lowry in 1872. They wonder whether the guerilla leader was killed and his body secretly buried, or whether he left the state for a safer and friendlier environment. The only certainty is that no one ever collected the reward placed on his head. The mystery that surrounds him is unlikely ever to be cleared up to the satisfaction of all. In recognition of Henry Berry Lowrie ' s role m Lumbee history, Robeson County is preparing for an outdoor drama, Strike at the Wind , based on this Indian hero ' s life. When Reconstruction ended in 1875, North Carolina began to move forward in public education. However, the period from 1875 to 1885 was a decade of despair for the Indians of Robeson County. Not only were they denied schools of their own, but they were now made brutally aware of their lack of identity as a people. The Indians, fortunately, had an advocate of their cause m the North Carolina General Assembly the Honorable Hamilton McMillan of Red Springs. He had investigated the origins of the Robeson County Indians and concluded that they were the descendents of the Lost Colony and a tribe of coastal Indians he labeled the Croatans (actually the Indians to which he had reference were Hatteras Indians, but some lived on an island called Croatan). » - ' • „
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