Pembroke Hill High School - Raider Yearbook (Kansas City, MO)

Text from Pages 1 - 168 of the 1959 volume:

V gk-fn '1-A Q, x Z' 'ft N I 5 2 E 4 .,,s,, : 1:,., .. Z,,3'J' Q' L I .'l.v K . , f auf -4,5 S ff ' Y ' 'f+!Lff51,i fl? A W., M 1,1 nm, :33- '-4 .J , -'43 fin wil fi Q 4 A 'WWE 4. ,'., . vi M. ,Hn X E r Q -1. Nineteen Fifty-Nine Published by the Students of PEMBROKE-COUNTRY DAY SCHOOL Kansas City, Missouri Editor-in-Chief . . John Manson Kennedy Associate Editor . .... Lynn McCanse Business Managers . . Bob Wogstaff, Victor Buhler Photography Editor . . . . Richard Garfinkel Art Editor . . David Trusty , .. 1 ' ! -as fo X4 'x I 5 , . 3? fag i ii f x J' ' I, i , 1' 1 PEM BROKE-COU NTRY DAY SCHOOL Ward Parkway CI' Fifty-First Street Kansas City Missouri f' if i Qs-41? 5 Z E 2 5 Q 5 5 1 E 5 Q 1 f 'F 5 3 S 5 a 51 U , 5 5 ? 3 n 4 E 5 5 5 F1 5 3 'a E 5 S 2 5 ii ff E 2 1 3 B E i- 3 1 5 3 2 4 ..-1 4' new nt' IS' ...Za 1. av '-1 V X vw-.-W ...... E vfzmv A 6 i 2 E i 5 , . - k'2'ff.L.f . up y Qf?.ff,.m5 Bw!! again. mu ififfif? . -we MQ? I ..4.,.,.:Q.w X -' Sk The idea of a private school for boys in Kansas City began with the establishment of the Country-Day School in 1910 by Mrs. A. Ross Hill. Located on the old Wornall Homestead, the school opened classes in its first year with three teachers and nineteen students. With its incor- poration in 1914, the school moved to the present 22-acre site at 51st and Ward Parkway. The campus, which included, at first, only an administration building lwith a cafeteria in the basement and a gymnasium on the third floor? and a manual arts shack, expanded gradually as both students and available funds increased. A temporary gym was constructed in 1918, the junior school building in 1922, and the Schuyler Ashley House in 1930. A rival academy, Pembroke, founded in 1925, merged with Country- Day in 1933. Present faculty members who have been teaching at Pembroke- Country Day since the merger, include: Mr. Coad, Mr. Nault, and Mr. Wedin fof Country-Dayl and Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Holte lof Pembrokel. Headmasters of the school have included: Mr. Ralph Hoffman, 1910- 1917, Mr. Underhill, 1917-1920, Mr. Mitchell Froelisher, 1920-1923, Mr. Charles Bradlee, 1924-1931. Under Mr. Howard E. A. Jones, 1931-1943, the enrollment grew to 183. ln the decade from 1943 to 1953, with Mr. Bradford M. Kingman as headmaster, the school was able to burn a sixty-three thousand dollar mortgage as part of the 1945 commencement exercises, add a dormitory addition in 1948, the Phillips Memorial Gymnasium and Howard Flagg, Jr. Auditorium in 1949, extension to the junior school and headmaster's house in 1950. The shop-garage and tennis courts were completed in 1952. Since Mr. Peter A. Schwartz was awarded the headmaster's position in 1953, Pembroke-Country Day has nearly doubled its number of students. The largest improvement thus far has been the extensive remodeling program of the administration building, undertaken in 1955 through the 585,000 gift of Mr. Raymond B. White. The building was renamed White Hall, in memory of his two sons, John Barber ll and William Nicholas, who both attended Pem-Day during the l930's. Besides a considerable revamping of the curriculum, the enlarge- ment of the faculty and institution of several new courses iamong them, Near East History and Russiani, Mr. Schwartz has been influential in com- pletion of a senior room, improved lab facilities, and renovation of the ath- letic field, including the addition of two baseball diamonds and an electric scoreboard and wire fence for the football field. Plans are now being made for a language laboratory to be put in use next year. Now included in a S300,000 building program are a biology labora- tory, an addition built on the south of the junior school for classrooms for the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades. Highlight of this program is a winter sports center which would have facilities for volley ball, badminton, shuffle- board, weight lifting, and squash. ln addition, the building would serve win- ter practice in shot put, broad jump, and baseball. Also still on the drawing board is a 550,000 combination football huddle room, shelter, and senior concession stand, tentatively located where the green track buildings stand now. This would be coupled with steel stands and lights on the west side of the football field and a wire fence enclosing the baseball field. Pem-Day's greatest pride, however, has been in a constantly rising level of enrollment and educational standards. lts greatest hope will be in the maintenance of these standards. To maintain the appearance and the condition of the buildings and campus is the job of Mr. Edward N. Steffen. Actually we tend to under- estimate the importance of well kept surroundings. When the curriculum toughens, the beauty of the campus eases the students' mental burden. Edward Steffen KM Q W wvvv5i+gg!3i'f W5-:Sw L.-w.w,4 wg-1 --W, .14 LQQHR-2,3 ,L PM -SKY M'32fNHn-:MQW We F4 K A XA H, wv,wf,.,s+, M:9'fx1iK5Y535z2 af4i1i f W Back: W. M. McDonald, bam P. Quarles, Albert Drake, Robert G. Wallace, Harold Brent, Robert Wag- staff. Front: John A. Kroh, Mrs. Gerald Miller, Harold R. Jones, Marshall Long, president, Peter A. Schwartz. Absent: Herman Sutherland, Vice-President, C. Cook Jordan, Sec., Marshall Bliss, Porter T. Hall, ll, Dr. Richard Kiene, George P. Sharp, Jr., R. Hugh Uhlmann, E. P. Wolferman, James A. Hazlett. Ex Officio Members Peter A. Schwartz Harold R. Jones Mrs. Gerald Miller White Thompson Board of Trustees The principal functions of the Board of Trustees are the determination of school policy and the direction of finance. The Trustees employ the headmaster, who directs the school and is answerable to the Board. This is the Trustees' only direct contact with the educational branch of the school, as it is not concerned with the employment of the fac- ulty or administration. The Board of Trustees sets tuition and assessments and approves the budget com- piled and submitted by the Business Manager. Through its power to allot funds and to censor the budget, the Board is solely responsible for the direction and status of the school's fiscal affairs. .1- f fb? 12 The Headmaster The strength of any institution depends, for the most part, upon its leader. In this respect, the students of Pembroke-Country Day are fortunate to have Peter A. Schwartz as their headmaster. Mr. Schwartz attended the University of Princeton. Upon graduation he became assistant to the President of the University then, to the Dean of the College, and finally, to the Dean of the Faculty. Before he came to this school, he taught at the Chicago Latin School, later becoming as- sistant headmaster at the Hun School in Princeton, New Jersey, and headmaster of the Allendale School in Rochester, New York. ln the opinion of Mr. Schwartz, college prep- aration is not the principal goal of Pem-Day's aca- demic program, even though it is a so-called pre- paratory school. Mr. Schwartz believes that Pem- Day's primary purpose is to offer a high level, broadly comprehensive type of education to help able boys to think more clearly, and to develop within themselves whatever capacities they may have. He further believes it is the school's duty to instill and obligation to serve, and through this, an obligation to lead. Mr. Schwartz firmly believes that it is the school's duty to make some sort of religious ob- servance a part of its program. Moreover, he further believes that if we lose sight of our spiritual values, all other values will become pointless. He believes that there is a close connection between excellence in scholarship and in athletics. He has said many times that the athletic depart- ment is an essential part of Pem-Day's school pro- gram. Mr. Schwartz has again this year as he has done in the past toured the eastern college prepara- tory schools in search of still more ideas to help raise Pem-Day's reputation to a higher level in scholastic, as well as athletic achievement. Peter A. Schwartz, through his high ideals, his understanding of boys and their problems, his fine qualities for leadership has done far more than shape the school's policies, he has instilled in Pem-Day students a high degree of honor and loyalty to their school and has greatly aided them in an important step in maturity, that of accept- ance of responsiblity. Less publicised is Mr. Schwartz's secretary, Mrs. Jones. Besides serving as a task easer for the headmaster she handles the more arduous duties of academic bookkeeping. R L -1..- . Qlgskik .M -- 1' Mr. Jones Mrs. Baker Administration The administrative branch of the school consists of two sections, the headmaster's of- fice and the business office. The business office is responsible for all the financial prob- lems encountered in running the school. Ably headed by Harold Jones, a P.-CD. graduate and Harvard alumnus, the staff has suc- ceeded in repeatedly balancing the budget. In addition to his office duties Mr. Jones also contributes valuable aid to the athletic depart- ment. Other members of the staff assist the busi- ness manager and headmaster in their many functions. Mrs. Baker, as Mr. Jones' secretary, is responsible for the bookkeeping. Mrs. Barnes CBJ., Missouri Universityl performs general secretarial functions, as well as act- ing as faculty advisor for the Hilltop, The position of receptionist is ably filled by Mrs. Schirmer. Mrs. Barnes Colonel Morehouse Mrs. Schirmer Faculty , - 5 ,pw ' 1 7 , N- AL- 1 A f F 'I f, 1. mix ' ' r r . L L, J , x M ' a .v : I . S31-Pi 1 X., 'w 4 r' J -1 James Angell l5l Senior English Varsity Baseball Freshman Football BA., Columbia College Columbia University MA., Kansas City University Wayne F. Campbell l'l1l Director of Athletics Physiology Varsity Track B.S., Pittsburg State Teachers College M.A., Kentucky University Arkansas State Louisiana State University Jose Baldivieso ill Universidad de San Agustin, Bolivia B.S., Ohio Wesleyan M.S,, Emporio State Cecil C. Coad l37l History A,B., Ottawa University Kansas City University Kansas University Walter H. Bennet! l32l Mathematics Registrar B.S., Kenyon College M.A., Kansas City University Wisconsin University George Washington University Phillip B. Dundas l9l Dean of Students Mathematics Varsity Football Freshman Basketball B.A., Wesleyan University M.Ed., Worcester State Teachers College Hilliard Hughes i3l Engl ish Tennis 8. Squash B.A., Harvard College M.B.A., Harvard Business School Virginia Scott Miner i'l6l English A.B., Northwestern University University of Chicago Kansas City University New Haven State Teachers College Kansas University Missouri University William W. Lemonds, Dr. Mus. ill Oklahoma University Biarritz American University Westminster Choir College University at Chicago Benson Murray l2l History A,B,, Princeton University M.A., University of Michigan Columbia University American University of Beirut Kevin R. Madden i'I4l Physics Chemistry B.S., M.S., Wisconsin University Clifford A. Nault C347 French A B Michigan University Samuel Poor U07 English Drarnatics A.B., Bates College M.Ed., Harvard Universit Y University of New Hampshire University of Kansas Edward E. Schaonover l Engineering Drawing Mathematics B.S., Kansas State Teac Oregon State College Gail Bellamy l27l Reading B,A., Howard Paine College Colorado University Temple University 153 hers College Lottie Tate Dietrich i'l6J First Grade B.S.Ed., Northeast Missouri State Teachers College University of Colorado University af Minnesota Kansas City University Ambrose Sembrat i'l5J Latin Senior Adv. Russian A.B,, Washington 8. Jefferson College M.Ed., Kansas City University Indiana University Thelma P. Griffith i6l Mathematics B.S., St. Lawrence University University of Rochester 2 Q stan X. Mrs W D Hutleylli Second Grade B.S., Kansas City University Inez V. Holte H97 Third Grade B A Unlversit of Cincinnati Geraldin C, Laughlin l'I5l Kindergarten Kansas City Teachers College University of Kansas University of Minnesota Duke University . ,, y Cincinnati Kindergarten Training School Claude Jeanneau l2i Art Baccalaureats: Cours Sides Estienne Silver School of Design, Conn. Kansas City Art Institute Hazel Packer l6l Fifth Grade Kansas City Teachers College Central Missouri State College University of Kansas City Clarine Poor l8l Sixth Grade Art Director B.S., Cattey Junior College B.Ed., Kansas University University of Kansas City Harvard University 1. lf ., .5 459, 51 rr fm, 4.1.1 X, 'D fr , ex D 5 Gilbert Reynolds i2l History English A.B,, William Jewell College University of Michigan if P' Edwin Ryan l7l History Varsity Basketball M.A., University of Missouri Jay C. Scott lll Athletic Director, Junior School University of Kansas City Business School B,S., Kansas State Teachers College Joseph H. Scnlet l'l0l Science Athletics James E. Sallee 7th Grade English lntermural Athletics BA., University of Kansas MA., Emporia State B.S., Kansas State Teachers College Detroit University Joseph Stebno l3l Latin A.B., Rockhurst College , X,LS,, . s me - Virginia Greef Welker ill Third Grade Thomas Vibert iii A.B., University of Kansas Pittsburg State Teachers College Biology General Science B,S., Arnold College University of Connecticut Ralph Wedin i34l Director of Enrollment Arithmetic Director: Wedin's Camp for Boys B.S., Emporia State Teachers College M.Ed., Kansas City University Wisconsin University California University Senior 23 George Hammond Gurley l5l Class Officer 4 President 4 Student Council l, 2, 3 Vice-President 3 Track l, 2, 3, 4 James Ronald Fisher l2l Class Officer 4 Vice-President 4 Football 4 Basketball 3, 4 Baseball 3, 4 Letterrnan's Club 3, 4 Dramatics Club 3, 4 La Force Cup 3 National Merit Scholarship Finalist 4 Stephen James Westheimer l5l Class Officer 2, 3, 4 Vice-President 2 Secretary-Treasurer 3, 4 Student Council l Baseball 3, 4 Letterman's Club 3, 4 Basketball Manager 2, 3 Cheerleader 3 Drarnatics Club l, 2, 4 Hilltop 1, 2, 3, 4 Associate Editor 3 All-State Track Team 2, 3, 4 Edgto,-5n-Chief 4 Captain 4 Spanish Club 4 Basketball 3, 4 president 4 Cheerleader 3 Letterman's Club l, 2, 3, 4 Raider 3, 4 Dramatics Club 3, 4 Mike Brady l5l Basketball 4 Baseball 4 Letterman's Club 4 Raider 4 John Blackwell l5l Football 3 Letterman's Club 3, 4 Hilltop l Boys' Club Advisor l, 2 Dramatics Club 2 National Merit Scholarship Finalist 4 Harry Oscar Boling 'l'l'l l7l Audio Visual 2, 3, 4 Print Shop 2 QQ' X QPR n .. -fi-was ig:-X U ,- c Q A + f- E . - Victor Bernard Buhler, Jr. l9l Tennis 4 Cheerleader 4 Raider 3, 4 Co-Business Manager 4 Dromatics Club 2, 3, 4 Print Shop l, 2 Russian Club 4 Fnntl-mll Mnnnnnr 1 William Winants Buckingham, Jr. l8l Spanish Club 4 Secretary 4 Boys' Club Advisor 2 Glee Club 2, 3, 4 Raider 4 Stage Crew 2, 3, 4 Chuck Frotcher ll 33 Hilltop l, 2, 3, 4 Advertising Manager 4 Print Shop 3, 4 Stage Crew 3, 4 Norman Fordyce l2l Track 3, 4 All-State Track Team 3, 4 Letterman's Club 3, 4 Byron Charles Cohen l8i Student Council 4 Vice-President 4 Tennis 2, 3, 4 Captain 4 Winner District Single State Tournament 3 Squash 3, 4 Captain 4 Letterman's Club 4 Vice-President 4 Dramatics Club 2, 3, 4 Drarnatics Cup 3 Hilltop l, 2 Raider 3, 4 Copy Editor 4 Starlight Board 3 Boys' State 3 Kenneth A. Cohen l3l Baseball 4 Hilltop 3, 4 Dramatics Club 3 Russian Club 4 S John Hoffman C1 Ol Football 4 Letterman's Club 4 Hilltop l, 2, 3, 4 Drarnatics Club 2 Boys' Club Advisor 3, 4 Southwest Youth Court 4 George Hohl t8i Football 4 Letterman's Club 4 Stage Crew 2 John Manson Kennedy t3i Student Council 2, 3, 4 Secretary-Treasurer 4 President 4 Football 3, 4 Letterman's Club 3, 4 Raider 3, 4 Editor-in-Chief 4 Dramatics 2, 3, 4 Boys' State 3 Richard Hotchkiss Kiene, J Student Council 4 Vice-President 4 Football 3, 4 Letterman's Club 3, 4 Secretary-Treasurer 4 Stage Crew 2, 3, 4 Stage Manager 4 Hilltop l Raider 2, 3, 4 Copy Editor 4 Print Shop l, 2, 3, 4 Manager 4 Boys' State 3 Thomas Myron Higgins 111 C41 Tennis 2, 3, 4 Squash 3, 4 Hilltop 1, 4 Print Shop l, 2, 3, 4 Manager 4 Boys' Sfgfe 3 Clyde Edwards McBride 111 t4l Southwest Youth Court 4 T 2 3 4 Head Cheerleader 4 enms ' is,-fs-st. . . X 2:62 ss X : ' William Atkins McWhirter l5l Student Council 4 Hilltop l, 2, 3, 4 Advertising mgr. 3 Business mgr. 4 Tennis Team l, 2, 3, 4 Squash Team 3, 4 Letterman's Club 4 Cheerleader 4 Starlight Board 3 Wayne Dodge Nichols l'l2l Student Council 2, 3 Tennis 3, 4 Squash 3, 4 Football 3, 4 Letterman's Club 3, 4 Boy's Club 2 William Meyn l4l Class Officer 3 Print Shop 3 Science Club l Russian Club 4 John Watkins Oliver 2d l5l Class Officer l Student Council 2, 3, 4 Hilltop 1, 2, 3, 4 Associate Editor 3, 4 Tennis l, 4 Squash 3, 4 English Cup 2, 3 Larry Edwin Niehouse l5l Track l, 2, 3, 4 All-State Track 3 Letterman's Club l, 2, 3, 4 President 4 Glee Club 2, 3, 4 Vice-President 4 Spanish Club 4 Raider 3, 4 Stage Crew 4 Lee Major l6l Dramatics 3, 4 Russian Club 4 National Merit Scholarship Finalist 4 John Kip Robinson l5l Hilltop l, 2, 3, 4 Circulation mgr. 3, 4 Basketball mgr. 4 Bud Porch l5l Football 4 Tennis l, 2, 3, 4 Letterman'S Club 4 Dramatics 2 Glee Club 4 Raider 4 Boy's State 3 Kent Schneider l5l Class Officer 2 Secretary-Treasurer Basketball 3, 4 Baseball 3, 4 Letterman's Club 3, 4 Spanish Club 4 Latin Cup 2 Nettleton S. Payne Jr. l4l Douglas Vernon Petersen l6l Cheerleader 4 Glee Club 4 Dromotics 3 Dramafics 3 Robert Breothitt Schroeder l9l Hilltop 3, 4 Track 3, 4 Letterman's Club 3, 4 Spanish Club 4 Russian Club 4 Peter A. Schwartz Jr. i6l Hilltop l, 2 Football 4 Letterman's Club 4 Dramatics 2, 3, 4 Print Shop l, 2 Boys State 3 Jerry Taylor I5l Football 4 Letterman's Club 4 Stage Crew 2 Robert Hall Wagstaff l5l Raider 2, 3, 4 Business Mgr. 4 Cheerleader 4 Dramatics 3 Boys State 3 Starlight Advisory Board 3 John Townsend Stubbs 193 Hilltop 1 Stage Crew 2 me Fr 1. ,, S. , Q.. David Michael Trusty U37 Raider 3, 4 Art Editor 3, 4 Glee Club 3 Print Shop 2 Spanish Club 4 Hilltop 3, 4 Bill Wakefield i5l Class Officer l, 2, 3 President 2, 3 Treasurer l Student Council 4 President 4 Football 2, 3, 4 Basketball 3, 4 Captain 4 Baseball 2, 3, 4 Captain 4 Letterman's Club 2, Hilltop l, 2 Spanish Club 4 Vice-President 4 Boys State 3 mm: Bill Wallace l7l Football 2, 3, 4 George Arlon Wilson Ml Captain 4 - Basketball 2, 3, 4 Ig' it Baseball 2, 3 Spanish dub 4 Letterman's Club 2, 3, 4 Raider 2, 3, 4 Glee Club l, 2, 3, 4 President 4 blackwell bolgig bra y buckingham buhler cohen, b. cohen, k. fisher fordyce fraqcher gur ey higgins Eomman o lliennedy iene mcbride mcwhirter major me n nichols niehouse oliver poyne petersen porch robinson schneider schroeder schwartz stubbs toy or trusty wagstaff wakefield wallace westheimer wilson the roster, 59 i have a sister, she lives in a shoe hats don't grow high enough for me down came a spider and sat down beside her and frightened . . . around the corner from charlie's, there's a little . . . never seen an adding machine i couIdn't out-think . . . but prof! if you paint over it, leave my picture up there . . . the whole thing is like quietness in its true form there are a lot of loose ends in my life after football camp they're making a new type of vitamin pill now i know i mumble we con't leave that out, i might set a new record as i remember, there was o statue at elsinor in that very spot i just couIdn't keep that lotus down, so i got the austin when silence inhabits a muffler, a car loses its glory it is going to come out, why don't you believe me i don't know the exact number of calories, but . . . i'm a family man don't hit me again and don't threaten me either it's a dissipating life in the dark loneliness, it is envigorating to play games what did you write about me? it may not be on the record, but i am on the raider there is no route to the lowland my brother lhehl used to run out in the front yard lheh, hehl naked there's a lot of strange people you guys don't know i am constantly shadowed by a strange woman hold it, that's my sister you're talking about i am in a transition period isolation brings warmth don't tell me my job, fellas roger n2047, you're clear for landing we bought a cedar chest yesterday liberate yourself from my vice-like grip why should i share it? it's mine she called me mr. prez, jeez i think i'll go boho next week we are just a literary 4-h club you guys just don't understand prof Upper School MK I -1- Fw L. to R. Kramer Johnson J French Quarles C French Patterson, Puck i if L. to R Bortleson Findlo Levitch. Buck Gorfinkel f 1 Y, 1 1 Oshrey, Schliffke, Duggan, Gilbert, Priggen, Scoulor, Robbinson, Wilkinson , x smut' lllws L. to R. Wilkin, Woods, McConse, Stockton, J. Miller Bush, Coburn, Brent, Vance, Garland, Kramer s X L, ta R. Speakman, White, Welsch, Young, Sutherland, Schmidt, Cozad, Bremson, Han- sen, Sharp, Blazer, D. Williams, Melcher I IQ L. to R. Smith, Bowen, Schultz, Scalet Campbell, Byram, Twyman, Kleb, Melgaard Miller, Price, Pierce 10 L. to R. McDowell, McMillan, McClelland, guess who? Heryer, Long, Lemoine, Lytton, Drake, Harris, Garabedian, Hall '-' s 'lk' L. to R. back Haines front Wedin, Gorman Dick, Embry, Ellis, Blackman back Ready, Nigro front Stein, Arms +6 f '9l Q? 2' 11 NPl I ,,,n-is , r l 'S Til A Ml .--f-JO! A eq l l right raw L. to R. A, Campbell, C. Campbell, Brewer, Deem, Curran, Douglass, Dalton, Katz, Hibbard, Kasle, Knight, Mann, Mc- Gee, 'Martin left row L, to R. Estrin, Field, Edminston, Benson, Ashton, Bennett, Bland, Hannay, Mickey Lerner, Make Lerner .iv A .ag f4' 1 -r- ' Jxgqwm. Ax . , v: 'Q 'Eng ' ffl? E- ff IQMN D T a ' H QM Y ,sg '45 W. left row L. to R. Wolferman, Woods, Wor- nall, Williams, Hollweg, Foard, Huettig, Hu- waldt, Farney, Green, Calloway left row L. to R. Patterson, Possman, Porter, Renne, Snowden, Smith, Tinklepaugh, Twy man, O'Brien, Oliver, Parks, Payne, Uhl mann, Siegel 1 ,ri l 05118 swf gli v F 4 s H , t , Q iffy ia w l l 1 adn I 1 it E Middle School 41 s .. x 'I x ,xiii Q . 9' . mimi X- -M X' 'fer i L P f 2 P . ,,. , .W , V 1 f i -. '7' 'P Mg, .sii , f ' , 1 if we s P . m ,Y Ojiriifsifg , , P .1 fig ' Q I ' V , . it i.-pf ' it Q t ,. .. f .. K H - M il lil ll All 4l an 42 First Picture: Hirsch, Martin, Maugham, Hess. Second Picture: Barton, Elliott, Bash, Craven. First Picture, Front Row: Schirmer, Halperin, Benson. Second Row: Johnston. Second Pic- ture: Patterson, Brewer, Kassalbalm, Rogers J. Gregg. Third Picture: Feathers, Jelleml berg, Packter, Schultz. li 'uf i .gl 'De sw-wx-mt 0- ll I -we--'I' mi ,, .5 ri-227.-1 .--- :f14.2's.,,,,,i' wild ., cs,-in First Picture: Benson, Sells, Bertmon, Gregg. Second Pic ture: Sloon Smith, Nobes, Rose. Third Picture: Coburn, Pierson, Tungstrom, Potter, Bliss. First Picture: Nigro, Atcheson. Second Picture: Lcirken, Williams, Hodgson, Hudson. Third Picture: Winston, At kins. Bock Row: Althous, Theis. is i S S .g L. to R.: Stratemeier, Wagstaff, Trowbridge, Taylor. Bock: Weeks, Webster. Front: Weth- erill, Wolf, M. Fitzpatrick, J. Fitzpatrick, Evans. -Q L 1- - ., Q. as o 'O f ., f 61.5.1 S l 1 393' ins Qu, do -N . u., 0 Y, ' , , li'-vqhfsa . W if ',-7-1.71:-f ' 5 3 . vs , I ' ' ' -fa.-W 'sp-fe 4 1- 3 ' ' o , ' L. to Front Front Front R., back: Huffaker, Falk, Hollander. Goldman. Back: Rice, Park, Myers. Mixson. Back: Greenlease, Kohn. Long, Knoch. 'N -1 A x 36 L. to R.: McKinley, McCoy, McFarland. Back: Sonditz, Sawyer, Speck. Front: Staf- ford. Dcrnall, Curran, Dunn. ll no .- ,. Q , . .yr .1 . 4 W..- li 1 ? ,,..... i Av: S 'S -Ov 'DQ ..4ug,, A. 5- 'N I L. to R.: Calloway, Corbin, Crockett, Alt- man, Allen, Ashton, Schultz, Stockton, Stan ford. ' .V+1x or 1' 'lc' 00 R., SEV l .fglfxx 'iggf S ,. ' Q 1 M . SQ , , , . S N I fi 5, ' 'N' fa Q ' ' fx ALF' tw! , tum ' . 3 -. - . x. .. . f 'K ' l J X115 QQ we SWR! X 5519 'il' v---, li Il KI! gg rms it up M-V.. , i 'avi f- 5 ' ul ln ui7' - -. shi 'X 'Q . ' A '. ,M . V A , . , an 4 5 I ' A L A 'wt -wllllf' 4 , ,, -2-gig ..5.-W-Q,f'f' . . 1 4- .5 . . L- Qys' ' ' ' M J - jan N V , W. i W t4Y .44 i 'M A4 . r . Vi 1-Q iffy ' lO05K lil I I e if I L, to R.: Norquist, McMillan, Overton, Jury, Berry, Gates, Kimboll, Hibbord, Watkins, Lemoine, Thomas, Botsford. I . r W . .tt ,Q -ff. K: L Yxweiqif L : + t i ii Z Z' S Xf L. to R., back: Wetherill, Wood. Front: Poss- mon, Roy, Springer, Jordon, Kemper, Toler, Miles, Hoover, Ehrlich, Cohol, Brookfield. had 1-S' . f 1 :-L I 4 ,.- JMU in L. to R.: Fitzpatrick, Blackwell, Pierce, Hare, Nelson, Dundas, La'ndis, Nobes. Ab- sent: Goldman, Strauss. b X , J ,,,' rl Q , 1 ng by xl J , 'Yi L. to R.: Long, Miles, Campbell, Ryan, Lee, f A A N M f' r Kittie, Davis, Cooper, V. Dean, M. Dean, ,f K ' ' ' Smith, Goldblatt. 4 9 .5 ' I L 'Q V ,R 4 't '. Ama... an . ,. 4' Q ' ' A U ll it ' L L' Q L, P Q om,-lparwlv M I , Q m I lf 5 if ,I -3 a W S I' I 'QF zz, ,ft V I iv , Qs L. to R.: Gorman, Johnson, Loyton, Jame- L. to R.: Doiley, Haines, Curron. Back son. Bock: Adler. Front: Burr, Colvin. Back: Proctor, Preston. Front: Oelsner, Nigro Titus, Wilmoth. Front: Uhlmonn, Winston. Bock: Strotemeier, Sernbrot. Front: Stafford Riss. Absent: Boyles. C M. ,wiht .lt W-'r'If 1 'gn C' Junior School 'Q 4 9 x 75-XMI . x, ' 'UD' Q1-an-:iff Xu N, up .. ly, , ul? Z. .11 1 3 hw Q 5, f 'TWQZ 1 r all ,D,,,, ,r V , D 'SD SW L. to R.: Boumgc rdt, Boneff, Cohen, R. MC Forlond, T, McFarland, Mogilif, Paxton, Dnllon, Dodson, Durand, Ehrlich. ' . . I , l1!lL........... ' mv- ' ' '1 Y ' ' L .px 3: X L to R.: Pophom, Smith, Willson, Young -1 2 4- 4'-'-.,'fQ-f.g:, - .V Hfhk',Kuh,Kk ,Lfr,E f' or?sCGol3bIoti,eGfoy, ljlgdggsr Y on V I xr ,Q-'nf xvz7w554....,.,V-W - D N ' O f' Q .. ',. ,fx if ,1L,..A.f,.- . . .-. , ,f ,. D .. - .2 A '- ,. f-fvf '57 K ' ' .' 5 ' 1 A: li ' ! i hr, . 4 I i P xl: . , ,.' . - . r..,, 'r l -f'A lAf 25eff5i2a If 1 l Q v ,we- L. to R.: Anderes, Angell, Brookfield, Col vin, Thomas, Trusty, Uhlmonn, Wiikinson Johnson, Jordon, Kemper, Lawrence. sim-fi. kb in 'vf-ge -Nx- f I All .. gf. ?-. '-1: - E RQ? 'T x 'mm ww n.. ig G R' ' VFX rf i Nirvana, we M if ..... 1-W fc 1 QL- n 19 .fi f- if' A , - 1 U H . X X I 1 L. to R.: Dundos, Durrell, Fitzpatrick, L. to R.: Pierce, Reed, Solvoggio, Wallace, Brown, Buckner, Cowon, Watson, White, Kitchen, Kline, Melcher, Newhouse, Harris, Wiilioms, Willson. Hollweg, Hubbell, Jones. 1:-,5,,.,, ...Q .J-K 1 84, xl me of . - L -ne!! 74 tl i l t 0 I V1 L. to R.: Noah, Lyon, McCarthy, Strate- meier, Wilkinson, Williams, Young, Hughes, Kelly, Kipnis. I fn D- Di-.ni Dfwmn Qrmr Qmrfq N N. , .44 L. to R.: Gorman, Heddens, Helman. 53 Organization ' .sh.w,.1-...,- 1. . -, , - ' , x f . .-,J-Q4 .-, ' ...wr r-.rmmisignrz ' First Semester Back, L. to R.: Douglas, Drake, Hyde, Bush, Price. Front: Cohen, Wakefield, Oliver, Kennedy. Under the leadership of Bill Wakefield the first semester and Manson Kennedy the second semester, the student council strived this year to improve many things in our school, Meeting early every Wednesday morning in the guiding presence of Mr. Schwartz and Mr. Dun- das, the student council discussed and ironed out many problems facing the students and the ad- ministration. As occurs every year, the difficulty of main- taining order in the student run study halls con- fronted the council. The old system not working properly, partially due to awkward schedules, the student council attempted to remedy matters by an honor pledge, suggested by John Oliver. But due to the fact that a number of the student body felt that an honor pledge broke the true honor sys- tem, and also the fact that there was not enough space to establish a faculty run study hall for those who did not sign, the scheme was not too suc- cessful. When the old system was restored, much of the difficulty ended. The student council again took the task of orienting the Freshmen in the upper school and of sponsoring the customary Christmas drive to Student Council 56 give needy families a good meal. The United Funds drive was carried off more successfully than usual by requiring the students to bring in their donations within a few weeks after they had pledged them. For the eighth consecutive year, students were appointed to be members of the Southwest Youth Council and Court to aid in traffic safety. The members chosen to fill this important job were Tom Higgins, Bud Porch, and John Hoffman, Seniors, and Charles Bush and Jerry Miller, Juniors. Bill McWhirter did an excellent job of bring- ing interesting and informative speakers to en- lighten the student body on various aspects of modern life. The possibility of a debate club and a com- plete honor system, including honor exams, was brought up and discussed by the student council, but nothing definite was decided upon. The first semester student council was headed by Bill Wakefield as President, Byron Cohen as Vice-President, and Manson Kennedy as Secretary, while the second semester was headed by Manson Kennedy as President, Dick Kiene as Vice-Presi- dent, and Kent Stockton as Secretary. Second Semester Back, L. to R.: Carabedian, Drake, Bush, McDonald, Foard. Front: McWhirter, Cohen, Kennedy, Kiene -as iff rllLL'l'fP . , 5 i 2. 1 ,ll Editorial Staff Standing L to R Kitchen, Kramer, Ashton, Sutherland, Melcher, Kasle, Garfinkle, Young, Wedin, Coburn Oshry Lovitch, Cozad. Seated: Quarles, Westheimer, Bush, Trustyg labsentl Oliver. by Chuck Bush This year's Hilltop continued the policy of printing more issues, trying to come outieverv other week. At the first of the year the Hilltop was hampered by unsatisfactory printing jobs and a change in printers. Eventually, thirteen regular issues were distributed in addition to the Hillflop. A new policy introduced this year was the inclusion of the Junior and Middle School news in special 'ssues, instead of scattering this news through all the issues. This policy will be continued and strengthened next year. A significant development in this year's Hilltop was the enlarged role of the school paper as a force in public opinion. This year's editorials showed a new vitality and timeliness in dealing with controversial school problems. A continuing attempt was made to provide news coverage of a greater variety of events. The purpose of this was two-fold ll to break the steady diet of sports and student government articles. 29 to provide material for staff coverage. From a financial standpoint, this year's Hilltop was an outstanding success. An Unusual feature was the fact that there was a balance in the bank at the end of the year. Editor-in-Chief of the Hilltop '59 was Steve Westheimer, whose well- written contributions added Tnuch to the success of the paper. John Oliver, the Editor, contributed to the literary tone and perceptiveness of the paper. Bill McWhirter climaxed his career on the Hilltop with a highly creditable job as Business Manager. Chuck Fratcher and John Kip Robinson headed up the advertising and circulation staffs respectively. Business Staff Standing, L. to R.: Miller, W., Katz,. Brewer, Twyman, McDonald, Adams, Lerner, Mnookm Drake Price Payne, Hall. Sitting: Hoffman, Robinson, McWh1rter, Fratcher, Schroeder. The Middle-SchooIer by Roy Welsch The sixth year of publication of the Middle- Schooler, younger brother of the Hilltop, has brought many new improvements and much praise. ln striving for a more interesting paper, the Mid- dle-SchooIer has enlarged its staff, and as in the case of the Christmas issue, included the writings of many Eighth-Graders. The publication caters to three hundred and fifty people in classes four through eight at Pem- Day and classes seven and eight at Barstow and Sunset, all of whom, effective this year, pay thirty cents for seven issues. Much of the credit for the improvement of the paper goes to the Business Staff, under the management of Don Winston and Jim Benson. They have solicited more than enough in adver- tisements to finance the paper. The Middle-Schooler, which serves as an excellent training ground for upper school publi- cations, is exemplary of efficiency and organiza- tion. Editors, Peter Bliss and Frank Coburn, along with a staff of twenty contributors from all middle school grades and Barstow and Sunset, met the deadline for every issue. The members of the Staff are deeply indebted to Mr. Reynolds for his guidance and suggestions. This year improvement was the goal. This ac- complishment was exemplified by letters from Mr. Schwartz. It is hoped that in future years the Mid- dle-Schooler will continue the fine effort of this year. Left to Right: Peter Bliss, Don Winston, Irwin Blond, Mr. Reynolds, Terry Tholen, Jim Mnookin, John Lungstrum, Steve Sells, Frank Coburn, Roger Speakman. ' X I 'ft . Glee Club The Glee Club, under the able direction of Dr, William W. Lemonds, showed a marked improvement over last year. Wher- ever the Glee Club went, it was enthusi- astically received and was commended for thorough preparation and tonal quality. The season opened with a program for the Men's Club of the Second Presbyterian Church followed by an appearance before the Women's Club of St. John's Methodist Church. The fall season ended with a con- cert given for the student body. The Christmas season was opened by the singing of several numbers for the Kan- sas City Music Club at the Second Presby- terian Church. The annual Christmas pro- gram on December l7 included numbers by a talented group called: The Pem-Doy Singers. Down in the Valley by Kurt Weill was presented as Pem-Day's annual operetta. As a result of the tireless efforts of Mrs. Scott on the dramatics and Dr. Lemonds and Mrs. McMillan on the vocal end, the show was a great success and won the ap- proval ofthe audience. Cast in leading roles were: BRACK WEAVER - Dave Johnson, JENNIE PARSONS - Emily Parks, THOMAS BOUCHE - Bill Buckingham, THE LEADER - John Morrison, THE PREACHER - Mike Wilkin, GUARD - Mike Coburn, PETERS - Kent Stockton, JENNlE'S FATHER - Barney Kitchen, TWO MEN - Dick Woods and Lynn McCanse, TWO WOMEN - Barbara Mackey and Julie Coons. The officer's of this year's Glee Club were: President - Bill Wallace, Vice-Presi- dent - Larry Niehouse, and Secretary - John Morrison. During the spring the Glee Club pre- sented its annual Spring Concert and the year was climaxed by a short performance at graduation. Q 'gr-nwwqp---v-f .- wc -an Dramatics N i F F' B 5 s L .4 5 3 2 s A F N V X 5 X . . . XX N 'hir . A , 4:. , j. i Y Af Q 91: L.to R., beck: Ashton, Malgaard, Blackman, Fratcher, Peters, Williams, T., Williams, J., Huettig. Front Kiene, Higgins. ' Print Shop by John Garabedian The Print Shop is the most useful of the schooI's extra-curricular organizations. Since it is self-supported, it donates yearly a sizeable amount for school use. Under the direction of Mr. Edward Schoon- over, who serves os faculty advisor, the Print Shop has advanced greatly in the past few years. Due to our expansion we now have over thirty different styles of type, which leads to better service for the school, says Mr. Schoonover. This has been done by working on outside jobs each year. By this method we have made enough money to buy our supplies and to expand, he said. A few of the Print Shop's jobs are: the print- ing of school stationary and paper, tickets for plays, operettas, and dances, library and excuse slips, special bulletins for meetings, paper soles, etc., the bills of the school store. This year's staff, which numbers twelve, is composed of: Seniors, Higgins, Kiene, Junior, Pet- ers, Sophomores, Tom Williams, Blackman, and Melgaard, and Freshmen apprentices, Ashton, John Williams, Benson, O'Brien, Huettig, and Uhlmann. The school is indeed grateful to these boys and Mr. Schoonover, who, working as a team, have given graciously of their time and skill to make the Print Shop the outstanding organization it is today. J' . ... xmlluvliilnisalnlnlulnvi:v1'ln1n1Lx'A.llJ.!llxs' ' ' ' ' IDER Business Staff Back Row: Bowen, McClellan, French, Schliffke, Porch. Front Row: Pack, Wogstaff, Buhler, Brent 1 1 7 S 5 .J-4l........s: 7 ' Athletics '-x Football Season 1958 This year football season, though outwardly unsuccessful, was in- wardly rewarding and pleasing to all involved. As in years past the season was begun at football camp, which was held in Grand Rapids, Minnesota at Camp Mishawaka. The first observa- tions of the coach were the definite lack of speed, the poor condition, and the inexperience of the team. Most of the handicaps were over come though by the strong desire of the players, and the team returned to Kansas City as a close knit group, after having what was termed by Mr. Dundas as the best camp ever. Although they lost one more game than they won, the Raiders ac- credited themselves by finishing strong when they had started strong and then fallen. After two games, the Raiders were the only unbeaten, untied, and unscored upon team in the city. Although they played well, they were beaten by Rockhurst in their third game. The next week the Raiders were beaten by Bishop Miege, who ended the season undefeated. The spirit fell, and the team, playing its worst game of the season, was defeated by St. Louis Country Day, The team then defeated Redemptorist by a large score. Then came the big game. The Raiders played John Burroughs, considered by many prominent sportswriters to be the best team in the state, and al- though they lost they did a very fine job, scoring 20 of the 27 points scored against them up to that time. The Raiders then returned to Kansas City and defeated Olathe for a four and four record. The last game of the season was the most exciting one played. This was to decide whether or not the Raiders were to have a winning season. At the half, the Raiders led by a score of 21 to 20. But in the second half De La SalIe's exceptional speed de- feated the Big Red. The Raiders ended the season with a 4 win 5 loss record. The annual football banquet was held at the Wish Bone Restaurant. The guest speaker was the head coach at Missouri Valley College and he gave a most interesting speech. The letters were handed out and John Mor- rison, Dave Scoular and Whitney Miller were named tri-captains for the 1959 season. Mr. Dundas will have l3 returning lettermen for the nucleus of next years 'ball club. The prospects look most attractive and a winning season is in sig t. x x A Q N x Wfqqi Q rx. 1 - swat N QJQAX if Q .- M Q A -,sm SIE wif . 3 f X , , x ' 'gg My - -Q . ,Q L W x K gk i 5 4 L. X '-4 1. ,jx ., Q Q im M. Qt Q k : 3, in K if S-sg. N ' ,, vxs x x K X-xv S we X x .M B Ili. is T 2 S .- mw- ,L w r M C x ' Tb , ww if .Q- ,X . ,K -. - Q. aww Q .. wang N-XL, ,SKKW Q29 NSN Q .M av , :N 1 Q , mfg N . .. - -F: 'S . , . x 6 A RR ik! xii, gf-as M LX . W sh xx .. mth ' Q Si . - 5 .. ,Q + 'K - . Q x as ,N .X :Nw , A - , A hw H A 52.1, f,.m'9i.g mfs ' A 'M f - Q kk Q ., 'Q' ' I Q. V i A .. K W Q5 .X?.1M XNf5.Q ,LQ ' W Q MEN: - . is ,ff hx Q 1 X A er- y xx lk k aff - L Q 'fr 'S' A --if Wm .Q ' ' X Swish? ,. - Q W , 1. W X -gggy . we gi. S I A SA , B. Findlay D. 'Earlf ' L. ' J. Miller' n V ' D,Droke B. Porch kr. am.: A P c. French Mlwilkln , , 'v ' ff- W Mx My ' A J.fA6rrisbn Q ' B.:WoIlace' Miller 4 A KlonQ q 37 6 'I Taylor Nichols ' 'A b A Lee Hohl ,Q EB McCanse Quarles 7 '3 Wakefield Stockton Scoular Hoffman - Schwcrfz Fisher , Kennedy l .QAAI w : fm., ..-. ,oh I NO ff., Am nvliri vu es, n WZ-5' 3 if ,H .- Q ff 33 fy. ,w 5 5 ,sw Q if 4 4 6 f fr .M Q3 f ,,,,,,X 5 -Q 4 Z K ,If f. f'1 t 'rv- .ur if Q u , . f'-'Y an :wx if -Ziff' if xg? 4 4, if is Ns- 'NNE 'S QQ W uv S K I .sw 5 Q 'Q S, f fffgggrgkg-fy? is-A Ng fx a W.. . , .- -n..anQug,,.g,,N .Nw .fan-as Q-A ? 5S V ,X s JJ N 'y.ki.-lf 4r- X- ,F .JA .fx W - S x . sk W4-1' -- -QE Ek ,S ,, an X . ws O ,Q gl Q-X N ..-K KX Q-Q in Qw.. X6 Y '.-xv-at w .fm EY. ,Q -. ..x.. . in-Q in Q 5 x Q., wig? f xr' if Wftfwex fm . 5 , ia, sfiwg 7 gif .pfit f 7i?52g'lg .nw Q., ig 1 fx Q .ww fn Q Ng? -R311 im x 4, gy --Q JN 5' ,. M Q Gs msg is s ,mr Q Q mwmvw 'lm-f 9' X 1 Y' ar Freshmen lst row: Mr. Angel, Porter, Benson, C. Twyman, Deem, Mr. Johnson. 2nd row: Hannay, Martin, Monn, Wornall. 3rd row: Smith, Ashton, Brewer, Uhlmann. 4th row: Woods, McGee, Curran, Katz. 5th row: Renne, C. Campbell, Blond, Dalton. 6th row: Snowden, Passman, Huwoldt. Eighth Grade lst row: Hirsch, Halperin, Mnookin, Pierson, Kasselboum, Hall, Eliot, Schirmer, Sells. 2nd row: Leathers, Speakmon, Liepnser, Bliss, J. Gregg, Berkman, Tholin, Greenwood, Hodgson. 3rd row: Potter, Hess, Maugham, Lungstrom, Atcheson, Smith, Johnstone, Sloan, Pachter. 4th row: Larkin, Lellenburg, Hud- son, B. Gregg, Nigro, Baker, Theis, Martin. 5th row: Mr. Wedin, Mr. Jones, Winston, Nobes, Bland, Coburn, Devine, Williams, Barton, Mr. Ryan. ...gp gl...-5 --5513-ffl, N' Sl! u . . ' , d.iX.F ef Top Row: Goldman, Darnall, Dunn, McMillan, Jim Wetherill. Bottom Row: Hoover, Allen, McFarland, Weeks, McKinley. Top Row: Eiser, Lemoine, Overton, Cooper, Strate- meier, Berry, Speck. Bottom Row: Crocket, Web- ster, Stockton, McCoy, Ray. Top Row: Evans, Curran, John Fitzpatrick, Ashton, Batstord, David Long. Bottom Row: Hibbard, Jury, Sawyer, Sandiz, Wogstatf. A ,Ni Y ' ' x lit l . X ,k ' fir! 3 .E l S v 'Q S Y, vi . i it - x N9 -+A X1 . . X fi- pl lo is X -i Q ' -'1', , , T 4 i .YQ -,. J will fi. 1 W yi hi . K a . sql L X A V K Top Row: Watkins, Toler, Schultz, Park, Taylor. Bottom Row: Folk, Passman, Lance Wetherill Wood, Springer. Top Row: John Long, Hemper, Mixson, Rice Brookfield, Knock. Bottom Row: Mike Fitzpatrick Greenlease, Wolf, Huffaker, Thomas. Top Row: Stanford, Jordon, Stafford, Kohn, Nor quist. Bottom Row: Myers, Callaway, Gates, Cahal Ehrlich. Six Man Football 1 r Varsity First Row: Robinson, Wilkin, Brady, Early, Gurley, Hall. Second Row: French, Wallace, Wakefield, Coach Ryan, Schneider, Arms, Bremson. Basketball Season 1958-1959 Bill Wallace Under the able coaching of Mr. Edwin Ryan, the Raiders began workouts as soon as the football season was over. With an inexperienced squad, Mr. Ryan moulded a twelve man varsity squad for the first game with Lillis. This was the big rebuilding year for the Raiders. With only three experienced men from last years varsity, the Raiders went through strenuous workouts to get in shape for the first game. As game time rolled around, the start- ing five was, Bill Wakefield capt. and Bill Wallace guards, Bob Arms and George Gurley forwards and on Early center. Rounding out the ball club were Craig French, Kent Schneider, Mike Brady, Bob Bremson, Mike Wilkin and Ronnie Fisher. The opening contest was played at Lillis. The Raiders jumped out to a 22 to ll lead in the first quarter and went f-'f the floor at the half with a 36 to I7 lead. In the third and fourth quarte's the Big Red extended 'their lead and won easily 72 to 42. Wakefield led the scoring with 22 pts. Big Don Early contributed l9 pts. to the cause while Bob Arms, playing in his first varsity game as a sophomore, chipped in with ll pts. The next game was with Lincoln High at Lin- court in the last five years. The Raiders took the court rated as the underdogs. The Redmen were down ll to IO at the end of a hard fought first quarter. ln the second quarter the Raiders took command and forged into a slim lead of 25 to 2l at the end of the half. ln the third quarter it was nip and tuck with both teams scoring nine points leaving the score at 34 to 30 The fourth quarter padded the Raider lead the Big Red coming out on top 46 to 39. The Raiders had done practically the impossible, they had beaten Lincoln on their home court. Bill Wallace led the scorers with l5 pts., while Gurley got l2 and Wakefield lO. After playing one of the best games ever turned in by a Raider team, the redmen met Paseo on the home court. The Raiders jumped out ta a big lead of 21 to ll in the first quarter. It looked as though the Big Red was off and running again. ln Bask coln. Lincoln had not been defeated on their own the second quarter the Raiders sluffed off and Paseo pulled closer as the score at the half was 26 to 2l. With a slim lead of 5 pts, the Raiders came out for the third quarter looking for blood. The score after three quarters was P.C.D. 37 and Paseo 27. ln the fourth quarter Paseo put on a desperate effort to pull the game out but were too weak, and the score ended 43 to 37. Wakefield led the Red team with l4 pts. Pem-Day now had a 3 win and O loss record. With three quick victories under their belt, Olathe invaded the Pem Day Gym. With the Raid- ers a bit over-confident, Olathe inflicted the first defeat of the season 5l to 43. Gurley led the Raid- ers with lO pts. The next game was a big one, the Wyandotte Bulldogs came over. After pulling out to a 9 point first quarter lead, the Bulldogs eased up a bit and the Raiders began to pull closer. With two quick baskets near the end of the second quarter, the Big Red pulled up to only five points back, 30 to 25. The third quarter turned out to be a disaster for Pem Day as they scored only one point to Wy- andottes l4. This put the Raiders out of contention and Wyandotte won 55 to 34. The Raiders now had a 3 win and 2 loss record. The first Pem Day Invitational tournament rolled around with four teams, Fort Osage, Central, Redemptorist and Pem Day. The Raiders won the first game against Osage 63 to 27. All twelve men who suited up got to play as Wallace, Wakefield and Early got l3 points to lead the Raiders. The Redmen played Central in the finals the next night and defeated them 59 to 34. Wakefield led the scorers with 2l points and Early got l3. The Raiders now went out to Lee's Summit tournament. William Chrisman was the teams first opponent. With half the team not there because of snow, the Redmen jumped out to an l8 to IO lead in the first quarter. The rest of the team showed up and the Raiders went on to win 68 to 42. Don Early led the scorers with 23 points with Wal- lace and Wakefield each getting l2 and Gurley getting, l l. 'tball Their next opponent was Lee's Summit who soundly trounced the Raiders, after a tight first quarter, 63 to 40. Wakefield led the scoring with 13 and Wallace got 12. Pem Day played North Kansas City for third place the next night and defeated them 57 to 49. Wakefield got 15, Gurley 14 and Early 12 to lead the Big Red. With a 7 and 3 record, the Raiders met Cen- tral again and beat them in a low scoring ball game 37 to 30. Wakefield led the scorers with 16 points. The Raiders won their ninth game by beat- ing Bishop Miege 56 to 35. Wakefield got 17 and Gurley got 13 to lead Pem Day. With their 9 and 3 record the Raiders invaded St. Louis Country Day. Bill Wallace was to play his last varsity game for Pem Day because of eligibility rules. Also it was found out that Ronnie Fisher, be- cause of his eye, was finished for the season, too. This was a hard fought game with the Raiders squeaking out a 68 to 59 victory. Pem Day was be- hind by one at the start of the fourth quarter but came back on the free throws of Wakefield to win. Wakefield led the scorers with 24 and Early got 17. The Raiders came back to town the next week to take on De La Salle on their court. Down 6 points at the end of the first quarter and at the half, the Raiders got going in the third quarter to take a 35 to 27 lead. The Raiders increased their lead in the fourth quarter and won going away, 57 to 39. Wakefield led the scoring with 19 and Mike Brady ot 11. Q The next week John Burroughs of St. Louis came down for the weekend. The Big Red tromped Burroughs 62 to 45. Wakefield got 20 to lead the Raiders. The Redmen then traveled out to Center and defeated them 66 to 48. Wakefield got 21 points with Early getting 16 and Gurley 15 to lead the Raiders. With a 13 and 3 record, Pem Day went out to St. Joseph of Shawnee for a game. Behind by 8 points in the first quarter, the Raiders managed to come back and take the lead in the second quar- ter 31 to 28. But in the third quarter St. Joe tied the count at 42 to 42. ln the last stanza the Raid- ers pulled out in front and won 58 to 52. Wake- field led the scorers with 22 points. The next game was with our old arch rivals, the Southwest Indians. The Raiders jumped out to a 12 to 6 first quarter lead and extended it to 27 to 17 at the half. In the third and fourth quarters the Big Red increased their lead and won the game 68 to 51. Bill Wakefield riddled the nets for 30 points, an all time high in his career at P.C.D. The Raiders went over to Bishop Miege to play them again. Instead of a rout as the first game was, the Big Red took two overtimes to win 50 to 48. The Raiders led by one at the end of the first quarter 13 to 12. n the second quarter they ex- tended their lead to 3 points, 27 to 24. In the third quarter, the Raiders once more increased their lead, at the end of the third quarter it was 39 'to 33. But in the fourth quarter, Miege staged a come- back and tied the score at the end of regulation time, 46 to 46. ln the first overtime, Mike Brady scored our only basket and they scored one, so the second overtime was played. This was a sudden death playoff with the first team to get 2 points wins. lt was back and forth for a couple of minutes until Mike Spider Brady put in a basket and the Raiders won 50 to 48. Early got 15, Brady got 13 -..A XAl-l--1Z-lA -AL I9 bn Inf-J bl-un Dah-In.-e ef-A-:nn The record was now 16 and 3 and Regional time was coming closer. The Raiders played Ward next and lost in a thrilling contest 59 to 53. The Big Red were ahead by three at the end of the first quarter but sagged and were six down at the half. The second half was played on an even keel with the Raiders coming out on the short end. Wake- field scored 18 and Early contributed 16 in the losing cause Argentine was the next opponent, and it was somewhat the same story as the Ward game. The Raiders were ahead by one at the end of the first quarter, down by two at the half, down by one at the third quarter and lost by 11, 48 to 37. Wake- field scored 12 and Early 10 for scoring honors. Rockhurst invaded the Raider gym next and a nip and tuck battle insued. The Raiders jumped out to a 16 to 10 first quarter lead and held it for the half as the score was 28 to 21. ln the third period, Rockhurst pulled up to within one point and then went on to win it in the fourth quarter 59 to 51. Wakefield scored 15, Gurley 12 and Early 11 for the Raiders. The Raiders, after losing three straight, went over to Hogan to take on the Rams. The overcon- fident Raiders were surprised when Hogan took a first quarter lead of 19 to 14. They picked up one more point in the second period and at the half the Raiders were down 38 to 32. In the third quarter the Big Red picked up one of the points and were down 52 to 47 going into the fourth period. In the fourth quarter the Raiders outscored the Rams 18 to 11 and won the game on Bob Bremson's shot in the last minute, 65 to 63. The Raiders entered the Regionals of the State Tournament with a 17 and 6 record and were seated third. The Big Red met Central in the first round. ln a ball control first quarter, the Raiders pulled to a 6 to 3 lead. The second period was played on an even basis, with both teams scoring 15 points. The score at the half was 21 to 18. ln the third period it looked like disaster for the Raid- ers as Central pulled ahead by one point, 29 to 28. But in the last period the Big Red came back and won the game 37 to 32. Wakefield led the scoring with 17 points. The second round game was against Rock- hurst and it looked as if it was to be a replay of the first. The Raiders jumped out to a 20 to 9 first period lead. But in the second quarter the Hawks regained 4 of the points and the score at the half was 26 to 19. ln the third period the Raiders in- creased their lead by one, 38 to 30. ln the fourth period the roof fell in and the Hawks tied the game at 43 to 43 to send it into overtime. But in the over- time period the Raiders outlasted the Hawks and won on Gurley's two points, 45 to 43. The Big Red now faced Lincoln in the finals. Lincoln jumped out to a two point lead in the first period and increased it to 9 points at the half. But in the third period the Raiders picked up 4 of those 9 points and went into the last quarter 35 to 30. In the fourth quarter the Raiders put up a valiant effort that fell just a bit short and the Big Red went down to defeat 44 to 43. Early got 16 and Wake- field 12 in the losing cause. The Raiders ended the season with a 19 win, 7 loss record. lt was a very successful year and quite inspiring to those who are coming back. At the award dinner Craig French was named Captain for tlllie 1959,-1960 season. Jimmy Ryan, Rockhurst rnnr mn: 1- a nnaci- cnnnlznr P.C.D P.C.D P.C.D P.C.D P.C.D P.C.D P.C,D P.C.D P.C.D P.C.D P.C.D P.C.D P.C.D. Lillis Lincoln Paseo Olathe Wyandotte Ft. Osage Central Wm. Chrisman Lee's Summit NKC Central Bishop Miege Cadasco P.C.D P.C.D. P.C.D P.C.D P.C.D P.C.D P.C.D P.C.D P.C.D P.C.D P.C.D P.C.D. P.C.D Won i9 De La Salle John Burroug Center St. Joe of Shawnee Southwest Bishop Miege Ward Argentine Rockhurst Hogan Central Rockhurst Lincoln Lost 7 39 hs 45 48 52 51 48 59 48 59 63 32 43 44 .ll , .xy 'N-Si' fi, , Qi KAZ- 'EC had 1 'R fb New JN WN 'N .al y .A fb- ? 1' 4 f , gg vw , F q W .- if V vu xx it - X my -was .. Sf , 'A ff low '--wx:-t kLrL N'-2.4, f X c 4 1-4 s fl! s - X-M xx wa MA! S X 'SSN' Y 1,31 !,,x ..--q-N. N., 1 . 'L'-'w--L- ..,,, 9 .......,,N... s Q -.. 1 NSN x ,VJ Qi J ....l....l.....-A X ,gn- z 1 K -Q -.v-eeo0 - f .,.. ,.,...4- ,,,.-v--v -JJ ,,.....-as--,,., .... .W 3 1, g A,,,,...-- A-f ,M-.. . 0 ' ws 'if' X x 'RQ A . X. A M - I . 1 1 ,A ,W 'f fc-'ffm QQ . , 6 . 4, K ' ,Q N.: v . Q 4? is 'L 'r x 95 ,iz x uf 1 'ig 1 W 33 B Team L. to R., Back Row: Robinson, Manager, Schultz, Byrarn, McDonald, Gorman, Peck, Hyde, Siebert, Coach. Front Row: Bowen, Drake, Price, Twyman, Bartleson, Heryer, Wilkin. Freshman Basketball Front Row: Benson, Brewer, Douglass, Dalton, McGee, Ashton, Uhlmann. Second Row: Renne, Deem, Huwaldt, Tinklepaugh, Mann, Campbell. Third Row: Coach Dundas, Parks, Oliver, Katz, Curran CMgr.J. Fourth Row: Lerner, Bennet, Twyman lMgr.J. F c L...l, I' ' l 40l 3 8th Grade Basketball lst Row, L. to R.: Hall, Blond, Coburn, Maughan Speakmon Nlgro 2nd Row L to R Kassebaum Devine At chison, Tholan, Leathers, Bliss, 3rd Row, L. to R Coach Scalet Lungsfrom Schrlmer Llepsner Gregg 7th Grade Basketball lst Row, L, to R.: Webster, Curran, Stafford Allen Park Sawyer 2nd Row L to R Mr Jones Taylor State R L t R Stockton McFarland Wogstoff Long mier, Schultz, Kohn, Wetherall. 3rd ow, . 0 all if -. f Y A, A 5 VL Q43 A Sort Of Parody, Sort Of. -Bob Wagstaff Requiem What has become of life? Where is the bowl of cherries? Where even is the walking shadow, The poor player? The bed of roses has been fertilized By civilization, it is now a heap. The organization man has slain life. Man with petty bureaucratic ethics has Crucified life on a cross of ignorance. Life is no longer to the individual, It is to society. No longer can one choose between choices, The decision has been made by group man. The denizen of Proletariat Heights With a barbeque pit, Who has built his family room from Security stone, Who listens to Lawrence Welk land likes itl, Who mows his lawn in Uniontogs, Who reads Metcalfe in the Star, Who writes letters to the SPCA about Khrushchev, This man is directing and murdering life. This man is society, civilization. Life is being crucified, Yet they ask for Barrabas. The Message Trumpet impro, Counterpoint on tenor, Snare brushes, Walking bass, Gone. Parvenu said he swung Monk. Told him to haul. He didn't bug me, But I didn't dig him either. grace a- Kenneth Rexroth Lawrence Ferlinglletti Allen Ginsberg respectively Junk Krupa has been there, Bird died there, You will be there, I am there. I left there once, But I came back, l'll always come back, I need it. I'm gone there, Far out gone. It swings there, I don't swing here. It puts me out of it, And back into it, Where I like it, Where I belong. by- Bill McWhirter Vaudeville, that young man with the quick step, the quip, and the cane, long ago gave way to his sister, Burlesque, who, now old and painted, travels a circuit worn with use and burdened with memories. There is nothing more in her fu- ture other than . . . The Next Stop The announcer, a burly fellow in a creased blue suit, speaks into a microphone which con- stantly interrupts with the high, piercing freakness of defective sound: The Management is both pleased and honored tonight to present the talents of that lucious Southern peach, that dove of all the dollies, just back from a smash run in Chi- cago-- Miss Mystic Midnight! All persons who per- sist in language abusive to The Management will be removed. Ladies and Gentlemen, imagine your- selves in the Dark Continent, Africa, filled with the black and lusty origins of primitive passion . . . Miss Mystic Midnight! The drum, given its cue, picks up a rhythm which the audience will know to come only from primitive passion with all the obviousness of Chicago, Midnight, and Southern peaches: Dum, da-da-da, Dum, da-da-da, Dum ipicking up force as the curtains swing backl, da-da-da, Dum . . . Send home money. One, two, up to the center. Right, over to the right. Swing. Pack. What else do I need? Skin cream, tickets. Tickets. Hotel limit is noon. Pump. Hard, hard! Whew. Center stage, hold. Slow. One, two, back, pump. Pump, pump, pump. The footlights are slowly changing colors, grange, blue, red. Dum, da-da-da, Dum, da-da-da, UITI . . . I can't even remember the name of this burg. What is it? What in -Hell? Gee, that's funny. I could always remember before-- Des Moines, Salt City-- Salt Lake?-- Salt Lake City, yeah. Kansas City. Burlington to Chicago. Chicago-- that's a laugh. Smash run. A week, a room, and sixty dol- lars. Damn life! Send home money. Left stage, one, two, arms out. Shake, back center. Watch out for the front pIank-- it busted what's-her- name's ankle. Push, push, hands out, up. Slowly, slowly. Raise eyes to center spotlight. Keep staring. .Lesusl Turn that damn thing down! I could go ind . . . Ladies and Gentlemen, Miss Midnight re- creates the ancient ritual of sacrifice to appease the gods . . . Jeez, what a number. I'lI drop dead if this is art. Right foot forward, shake. Shake, shake. Hard, press. Hands down slowly. Unfasten the back. Off! Dum, da-da-da, Dum, da-da-da, Dum . . . ,How many times, how many towns? Don't think about it. Oh Hell! Why shouIdn't I? Who else does? Not one damn person. To the right. This would be fun if the stage were bi ger and there was a lot of people out there, whispering back and forth about how good I was. Sex is an art. Who said that? I heard it just the other day too. Jeez. That's so true. The Gods accept the gift of her body. iThe drum measures its pace to match the fury of the godsl Da-da-da, Dum, da-da-dum, da-da-dum . . . Lord l'm getting fat. I used to kick up my heels and really give it to 'em without all this build- up-- SaiIors, oh sailor boys, you're naught for mel the Navy's more naughty and nautical than it should be -- ah, and that cute one in Seattle, Bloom, bloom, I'd like to room where our flowers bloom. Back to the center. Shake, shake, press. Bend over, over, backwards . . . Ladies and Gentlemen, Miss Midnight con- cludes her act with the tantalizing Dance of ln- discretion. A short intermission will follow. Oh Hell, the rest is easy. Who'lI believe I don't know the name of this place? I've got to re- member to pack. Tonight. And send home money. Gettysburg Revival He gave man speech, and speech created thought Shelley, Prometheus Unbound The crowd, the limping, excited, shivering mass waited. And the very tired waited too. The square where they were standing was bridged by buildings, empty, half-destroyed, small, crudely improvised shelters. Great hunks of grey stone de- bris and burnt brick were scattered throughout the street. Everywhere about them were the reminders of destruction, death, and decaying disappoint- ment. They were all waiting, their eyes intently watching a small balcony. Two doors swung open, and a great man with streaming black hair, a complex, brooding, tor- tured face, and wild, fiery eyes strode militantly to the edge of the railing. He remained erect and silent. The crowd hushed. Then came a few cries, then scattered cheers, slowly whirling into responsive chants of Frankel Franka! which began to boom throughout the square. The chants continued, strung with emotion, swelling to a pitched frenzy, uncontrollable and tidal they came, boom, Franka! boom, Franka! The great man stood at the railing, watching the pitiful with the torn, the glorious with the ex- cited, satisfied with the filling ovations. Boom! Frankal He raised his hands, slowly outward, as a god to his people. The mass followed and there was again silence. He started. His voice was moving, deep, echo- ing off the hollowed ruins. The cords of his neck strained. War to you is bitterness and hate, evil and despair, but war is to us, for all our posterity, a discipline. War is our challenge! He raised his hands in emphasis, his face grew red and heated. The words came harder and louder, each time answered by the fervent booms of Franka! The cries rose until not even their leader could be heard. The pitch was hate, torment, the outlet of a cap- tured flock. One of the very tired knew and remembered that there had been men before like Franka. There would be more. He thought back to the mocking challenge of a small man with an abrupt mustache and a swastika band. There was, too, a Russian with ashen eyes, a bushy grey mustache, who. car- ried peace in the pockets of his soldier's uniform. There had been a half-crazed Hun and a tall, proud Roman with his matched guard. Each of these men rising in one generation to destroy civili- zation for a century. We have won a war . . . We are once more victorious! came the anguished shout. And in the square was only loss. Lately we have been reading that Hollywood has shed its glamour and idle pretension to be- come just plain folksy. And all the just plain Marilyns and Rocks are going overboard into the main current of this trend. he denims and housedresses are on. And other signs of normalcy-- picket fences, do-it-yourself projects, charity drives, back-yard barbecues, and even Fords-- are on the increase. While picking our teeth, we have been quietly noting examples of this change for some time. Oyster Bay, New England's pomp romp for the celebrities in the '30s, has been shelled for years. Mike Romanoff, the restaurant owner, recently dropped his title of prince to become an Ameri- can citizen, and another famous restaurant, Ciro's, home of the plush and furry, has locked its cash registers for good. Beverly Hills is draining. Greta Garbo is caught without her sunglasses. The big movie lots have either been bought out CMGMD, burned down CGoldwynl, or are pro- ducing pictures for television fWarnerl. We haven't heard of a champagne bath being drawn, a big party being given, or a tempermental actress on strike in a long time. The anniversary of Valen- tino's death received only token remembrance the other day. Even his mysterious Lady in Black dis- appeared in l955. And Edward G. Robinson, Hol- lywood's biggest rat-tat-tat ever, has sold his fabu- lous collection of paintings to pay alimony. The old-time color has decidedly vanished. The brighter and brazener days have had it. And why? Well, excusing taxes, alimony, wars, com- plexes, or the serious tone of today, the people in Hollywood now are a more dedicated group. There are more of them and competition is keener. A simple flush of mink and a blahly uttered dahling will no longer do. Acting in motion pictures, or, at least, the best of them, has now reached a-stature and a maturity all its own. lt is more hard work and less hard Play. Influential in this movement has been the Actors Studio in New York, which was founded mainly on the beliefs of the late Russian dramatist, Stanislovsky, who wrote that true acting is an ex- perience. To achieve the fullest depth and honesty in a role, the actor must urge his entire self and feelings into it. Without this, the part becomes a farce. The motion picture industry is now more in- telligent. But, requiring the diligence of hard work and patient practice, it has folded up most of the former sparkle and glamour. We do miss the long black limousine, the trumpeted entrance, the omnipresent entourage, and the red carpet awe. The actors today are too much like the people we know. And who wants to look over the back fence at his neighbor in an undershirt, carrying a can of beer, and mowing the lawn. Come back Thedal Wherever you are! L I 1 V L.m.4wf f W ' muff' A ,,.,4. f vw ,,.,. ., -M 11311111121 youth UHF' jf' Y 5 -If A 'S -BU if .. nl N25- A os.. nw sul? 5 3 My' ..... ,. A..,f- 2 . XX. 1 'ii' n Q'-xQ Q.. 'ik v . -M. X N is -min: 1 sg 'L V- iydk 'ai A111 Baseball P.C.D. ll 3: 4-'Q' m 35 3: 8? P 3 0 o'9. 7: m :ua 'ar 'U Q-1 -4? 3 PJ' 0. 55' 2-11' 'lm is Q. 'EL S. BET' Q1 if 2? 3?- 'is I 525 QC '13 'P 4 Q-I 3 nf 3-4 3 xwo 3-P :1 2.0 ao '32 ':r P 3 'L 1 3 3 1 va 0 E. o If O-hw-LNWNO-A Varsity Pork Hill Wa rd Sedalia Wyandotte Wa rd Borroughs Cadosco Rockhurst N.K.C. i i NO-FNGO-'QJGJ Brody Wesfheimef Wakefield prfqfs X Q. 1.1 K I' .X QR Q x x Schneider Peck if' X Q 5 A VW' - ,, .L K' ix Q 1 . .. x cl . 'N K - AdOTn5 S N ,X A Q Q ,,, x , ft 5 I fx' Xi F Q ax 'M Q: , - , mf' ' 5' f f L A A'-a G , x -Q! , X, ' , ,ysggg Poyne Twymon 1 A -, W ,f Q ' , LJ' ,r -'f N ., -'QQQS gf. Qwa- ' ' A L ,R mf! . Q ,Q -Z I hh. 5 Young ww Sharp Cohen gujneui -x - u i,,,,4lr MXQ ,, Early Vance Bremson Aj fffinnm 1 3 ri 5 m 'Y w Track Row: Scalet. State . . . 3 Lee's Summit . . 76.5 Rockhurst . . 72.5 First Row: McDonald, Heryer, Fordyce, Campbell, Niehouse, Schroeder, Morrison, Coburn. Second Mr. Campbell, Arms, Stockton, Miller, Byram, Gurley, Kitchen, Schultz, Porch, Hyde, Mr. William Jewell lFirstl 35 516 Pem-Day .... 86.5 Pem-Day .... 41.5 Pem-Day .... 59.5 St. Louis Country Day 31.5 Ward ..... l7 First Row: Arms, McDonald, Quarles, Heryer, Fordyce, Campbell, Niehouse, Schroeder, Morrison, Coburn, Hyde. Second Row: Porter, Learner, Dick, Bland, Stockton, Miller, Byram, Kitchen, Gurley, Schultz, Porch, Lemoine, Woods, Siegel, Passman. Third Row: Campbell, Lyton, Wilkinson, Hansen Tinklepaugh, Huwaldt, Melgaard, McCanse, Schliffke, Wallace, Gormand, Mnookin, Lee, Dalton McGee, Pack, Cummings, Mr. Scalet. I I n 5: '45 nic, J, W r, ffv no -I9 0. 4'9Qf- Bret Schroeder John Morrison Normon Schultz Bob Arms fir Mike Coburn .flux W ' , ls I , k 'd? ' -'rf-5--'Sify f Q xi -.. me Jr ' ,va , , . ' 1 44+ 1 ' 1 - f A, S ' 351136, ' 'L 'if'-if v gb 1,4 - sudo? v ' an nw mx as-gm mama R 'N Larry Niehouse Norman Fordyce Pete Byrom 4- -'xw xx 1.0-'-fu F 'aff , wx -1- we f w Q- . .w?'T5XX l ,LM-,W .35 gif? 5 gi r 11 1' as QS 'W '5 ' , -Y f f X 1 Q-4i?,4t',!j 4 J ' f .- . - f, Mtn' .f-bgn, C a, iw George Gurley Quarles Hyde ww ' r . -f Y I ,i.xv-- . rv, , , or f W , Q -,iso r , ' X , f 'Q .yy ..-ffygi ni X- L :MILE .lf A ik' ' 'S' f .. ff -' X xv ' 1 lfX...1.a. :rig .. .-.. . ',, F' .v, Nfl x I, f 'pity ,P 1 .- A F.. B n WL .-1, Event Porch W. Miller School Track Records . Time 120-yard High Hurdles . . :15.5 1 O0-yo rd Dash Mile Run . . 440-yard Dash . . . . 110.0 . . . 4340.5 . . . . 251.7 180-yard Low Hurdles . . :2O.2 880-yord Relay Mile Relog . 220-yard ash 880-yard Run Discus . Shot Put . Pole Vault High Jump Broad Jump . . . . 1233.1 . . 3235.8 . . . :22.1 . . . . 2105.9 . 150' 11 1!4 . . 49' 9 . . 11' 5 . . . 6' 1!2 . 21' 7 3!4 Heryer Name Gurley . Carrington Hunt . . McGreevy Fordyce . Morehouse Gurley . Ruby, McCIanahan, Parsons, Morehouse . Kron, Groves, Niehouse, Schellhorn . . McGreevy Sche I I ho rn Goetze . Wolford . Liepsner . Barnes . Morehouse 2 Year 1958 1939 1952 1956 1959 1954 1958 1954 1958 1956 1958 1958 1955 1957 1956 1954 ln.: man:-' -1: 1 .'. Lr'.',- , - . . - . - ,..-.w J. X ' . -,, .f.1:L.4..f.mazmm1aur:..uvc um- . 1: 1' ' . 2' .v:f:fs:.f' 'K 102 L. to R., back: Peters, Blackman, McWhirter, Bunting, McBride, Williams Mr Hughes Front Levitch Buhler Cohen CCaptoinl, Nichols, French, Wilson. Varsity I unior Varsity L. to R., back: French, Ready, Douglass, Johnson, Smith, Deem, Higgins Mann Sutherland Kramer Peters Front: Gilbert, Long, Uhlmann, Speakman, Oshry, Drake, Bowen. fx 51 l -B :ft gl f f i A r. s 'VPN X g,,.4 '..,.! , .pb Q Q X l g J 1. ., fix - r ' ' ' fs, ,, Social Tennis Wedin, Robinson, White, Schmidt, O'Brion, Honnoy Varsity Squash Front Row: Gilbert, Levitch, Cohen, McWorter, Higgins, Nichols. Second Row: Wilson, Long, Oliver, Morrison, Hanson, Sutherland, Williams, Coach Hughes, Apocalyptic and Nihilistic Philosophy of Russian Literature by Bill Meyn Apart from the rather presumptious title of this paper, we shall try to discover the basic content of the ideals of Russian thought and to investigate them as viewed through the responsibility man owes to himself and to his fellow beings. This travelling coach of the mind, it will be observed, is able to travel no easy road to its des- tination and there are many byways and side roads which would increase our understanding of the whole if only we had the time and the knowledge to find and traverse them. This paper will not attempt any lengthy or scholarly dissertation on the objects of interest on our journey, no extensive geological data on the earth formations we observe, no pretentious or- nithological treatise on the flights of fancy where various ideas will lead us. Rather it will be a glossy Baedecker describing, with a few illustrations, the countryside through which we shall wend our way. The intent being, that if any of the information presented is appealing to the reader, he will make his own excursions to rendezvous with that which he thinks he will find exciting. Perhaps this seems a feeble attempt to storm that fort in which the most famous defenders are Dostoievsky, Tolstoy, and Pushkin. This may be so, but even the reader will agree that the sea in its slow relentless poundings destroys a stone cliff more efficiently than the largest charge of dyna- mite ever could. Thus the tides and breakers of this paper will uncover the surface manifestations of the subject and enable the trained geologist to find those strata which he believes will be the more pro- ductive to his search. Our geologist will then know where to plant his charges for the information he has come to seek, and, if his seismograph charts are encouraging, he will be able to drill a well into a pool of ideas which is practically limitless in its productive capacity. What, the reader may ask is the Apoca- lyptic and Nihilist philosophy of Russian literature? What does this philosophy have to do with my ap- preciation of the Russian writers? Why are you justified in writing on this subject, and if you are justified, how is this going to open a door to a vir- tuallyplimitless source of ideas to me, as you say it wil . These are all necessary and logical questions to this paper, and, I believe?, to ones full enjoy- ment of Russian literature. ln the broadest sense there are many answers to the question What is the Apocalyptic and Nihilist philosophy of Russian literature which we are to concern ourselves with? ln the strictest, literal sense the Apocalyptic phil- osophy is the whole hearted acceptance of Good and Christianity, as is evidenced in the writings of Dostoievsky, Andreyev and Pasternak. The Nihilist philosophy is diametrically op- posed to the Good. The Nihilist authors, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Gogol and Levmontov, to name just a few, denounce Christfs philosophy, saying that it con- tains much sound and fury yet signifies nothing. The Apocalyptic authors bring their charac- ters to realize the crimes they have committed, and accept the punishment which befalls them as just. The Nihilists, on the other hand, cause their characters to extoll evil. They are continually fight- ing against something. They see social injustices and attempt to destroy them. However, their mis- take, and consequently their evil, lies in the fact that they are unprepared to supply another system for the one they want to destroy. They feel that this is some one else's purpose. The Nihilists have no goal towards which they are striving, save total destruction. On the other hand, the Apocalypts have a goal towards which they are ever striving. Their goal is that of creation, of bettering life and society. Below the surface of the Apocalyptic phil- osophy there is a pool of lava which is fighting to burst through the strata to innundate the world of Nihilism above with the knowledge of truth. This would-be Vesuvius wishes to obliterate the Pompey of the mind caused by the philosophy of Nihilism. The city of Pompey whose buildings are constructed of the building blocks of despair, insensitivity and stupidity, and whose inhabitants are hate, prejudice and gehenna incarnate. lt wishes to destroy all of the decadence and submerge this city of intellectual sodomy with the knowledge of truth, beauty, art, and most of all, man's spirit. The underlying hope of this volcano is to flood this salted-land of the mind with lava which will be excellent soil for vineyards and from which there will be vintage crops of aesthetic ap- preciation, intellectual achievement and brother- hood. lt seeks to answer in its chaotic explosion the question which one of F. M. Dostoievsky's heroines, Nastenka asks, . . . why aren't we all just like brothers to one another? Why does even the best of us seem to hide something from other people and keep something back from them? Why don't we say what's in our hearts, if we know that our words will not be spoken in vain? 1 The representation of evil is a major factor in the literature of Russia. The forms it assumes ltransgression against God and His laws, or the complete freedom to extoll and to achieve a state of man-become-God, to put it in the terms of Niet- szche's super-manl are unimportant. The import- ant quantity of this expression of evil is to show what can and does happen when a man renounces all of the laws of society, abandons his own moral beliefs and refuses to accept the punishment which necessarily follows his actions. A similarity exists in the punishment of Pyotr in Gogol's The Terrible Vengence and that of, say, Dostoievsky's Dimitry Karamazov. Of course there is a surface diver- gence, but underneath in our pool of lava which is attempting to break through the surface strata, there is a marked dissimiliarity. ln the first in- stance Pyotr, for the murder of his brother, is made to suffer all of the indignities of shame and insult that his last male descendent, the Sorcerer, is heap- ing upon his name, and then having to gnaw on his ever-growing-larger bones for eternity, 'for greater torment knows no man, to long for vengence, but to be powerless to avenge. 2 ln the second, Dimitry is punished not for having killed his father, but for renouncing all the moral values of society and al- l. Magorshack ledl The Best Short Stories of Dol- toievsky, White Nights iNew York, Modern Library, l9??l, p.5l. 2. N. V. Gogol, Tales of Good and Evil The Ter- rible Vengence iNew York, Doubleday Anghor, l957l, p.6i. lowing himself to become a man-god.3 The differ- ence Iies in the fact that Pyotr is unable to accept his as a just punishment for one of the most terri- fying of crimes, namely fratricide, yet Dimitry ac- cepts his punishment as being exactly what his de- nial of man deserves. These are only two examples of evil. Another can be found in the hero of Dostoievsky's White Nights .1 The hero has renounced man and has lived all of his life in his home, much the same as the writer of the Notes from the Underground spending forty years of his lifetime in the dark cellar. In the former case, the hero denied the pos- sibility of any existing order or of any compassion in mankind. Then, for three whole days he is thrown into contact with Nastenka, a fellow human he can actually find warmth and tenderness for, but upon rejection by her he returns to his hovel realizing that mankind is no good. He goes back to all of the filth and degredation of character he thought he could leave when he met Nastenka. In the end he realizes that it was not he that Nastenka loved, but his ability to help her in her attempt to marry the one she really loved. lt was not him as a human being she desired, but him as an unfeel- ing, listening post which would come and o at call. Thus it was that he realized that all of iiumanity was interested only in self gain, the next rung in the social ladder and the ability to sneer at- those who are socially unacceptable to their circle. The counterpart in Notes from the Underground in 3. Russians speak of the Man God, or superman, meaning, thereby, the incarnation of the Spirit of the Anti-Christ. N. Berdyaev, Dostoievsky lNew York, Living Age, l958l Note p.60. 4. Magorshack, p. 3-'67, like manner spent his life in his 'dark cellar' cast- ing anathemas at society in general and sharp stones at the Chrystal Palace in particular.5 His whole purpose in life, it seems, is to spend a miser- able existence in the 'podpoIya'6 regions of society and the mind. In his abode, which is just another form of the Chrystal Palace which he ostensibly wants so much to obliterate, he sends forth his damning missals at society which are based on a philosophy which he, it seems, cannot fully justify to the reader, let alone to himself. This evil, the refusal to accept society and its rules, is the evil of the Nihilists and can be taken to the opposite extreme. An almost perfect example of this extreme is in Gogal's Nevsky Avenue ,7 the hero, Piscarev, an artist, idealist Cin the platonic sensel and lover of the beauty of nature in general, cannot, as do those mentioned above, see the evil in man and society, but only-the good, as they con- versly are unable to do. He is unable to comprehend the fact that the young lady of his desires is, in actuality, not a lady at all. Our artist goes so far as to construct a fantasy, which he believes is act- 5. Chrystal Palace: this term was used by some of Dostoievsky's characters to represent a type of superutopia where the individual was considered as being non-important and had no individuality of his own. 6. Podpolya: a Russian word meaning literally un- der-the-floor. The connotation being that part of a multi-story building between the floor of one room and the ceiling of the room below, or in a broader sense, between the bottom of a basementless house and the ground. It is in this space that vermin breed and, hence, from which disease comes. It has much the some meaning as the English equivalent underworld . i.e. the area of society which is most conductive to the breeding and flourishing of racketeers and gangsters. 7. Gogol, Nevsky Avenue , p. l6l-203. ually reality, and in so doing he subjegates reality to the realm of fantasy. ln his fantasy, she is the same person he followed up to a fourth story apart- ment off of Nevsky Avenue, but not the type who would do the things that were done there. She was, in his fantasy, only visiting her sister and trying to make her come out of the place of sin that the sis- ter had chosen for herself. The lady of his dreams in his reality, the fantasy-reality, was a lovely prin- cess during his dreams. She would invite him to her balls and they would have a grand time together. However, the drugging effect of this fantasy soon wore off. But, in order to cope with reality again he constructed another fantasy in which the lady of his dreams was forced by circumstances into her present life. He decided to go to her and offer to marry her. He would reform her, lift her from her present life and show her the true way. Having gone to her, in reality and not in fantasy, and hav- ing been scoffed at and rejected, he committed suicide. Quietly and without any religious serv- ices, his body was taken to Okhto, and the only man who followed it was a night watchman, an ex-soldier who did indeed weep, but only because he had one glass of vodka too many.S Such is the end of the evil. These people were evil not because they had, with the exception of Pyotr, committed murder, robbery or any other crime for which they could be legally tried and sentenced, but rather their crime was that a non- acceptance of reality and of the irrefutable laws of society. 8. Gogol, p.l88. They had refused to accept what was real, they refused an unrefusable fact of nature, namely, twice two is four. lsn't this the message that we re- C6lVE TFOYT1 DOSf0leVSlcVp DnPQn'f Tlirnnnnu fin ufknl- he does not say, not what he saysi tell us of the dis- asters of Nihilism. lsn't Andreyev's short story, The Red Laugh an indictment against the great- est pf all of mans follies, war, and the reasons for war. I rather think so. There is a philosophy which all of the Russian writers, excepting Tolstoy and Turgenev whom we shall discuss later, figuratively shout from the mountains. Simply, it is this: search for the right life and follow the teachings of Christ. Although this philosophy is not original with the Russian authors, I think we should discuss it for it reached its highest form in them. It is per- haps dangerous to undertake explaining the ful- fillment of a life dedicated to the philosophy of Christ. Hazardous, in that on the one hand you run the risk of offending various religious sects, Chris- tian and non-Christian, and on the other, while giving praise to its philosophy you incur the wrath of the atheists. The reason for this first hazard per- haps extends from a mistaken approach on the part of the speaker and perhaps on the part of the lis- tener, or even a combination of the two. However, l do not see how any question as to the validity of the statements can arise since no matter what a person's religion is, he will not deny the philosophy of Christ as set forth below. At the risk of arousing the wrath of the atheists we should ask them a few rhetorical questions. ls it necessary to be an in- strument of the Furies in believing His tenents? Must one be a hair brained fanatic to believe in 'such stuff and nonsense'? Even if a person does not accept Christ as the True One, the Savior, or the son of God, can't he still be accepted as one of the greatest moral philosophers of all times? lf Christ were removed from all association with the divine could not the basic philosophy remain as valid? Namely, accept each person as a brother and on his merits as an individual. Strive to do the thing which is right and proper. Have no minority prejudices and above all attempt to be truly free? Most assuredly so. There may be some ques- tion as regards the portion of the philosophy con- cerning the good life. As it is beyond range and responsibility of this paper to discuss at length the question which has been a plague to philosophers for centuries, what is the Good? , we shall take the position of a gnostic. As a gnostic we shall as- sert that in as far as an essay on Russian literature is concerned, the Good is nothing more or less than the moral beliefs of society as a whole. Be- liefs based in the main upon the Ten Command- ments. The Good is not to be construed' as the ex- pedient thing to do, or the road, which when taken gives the traveller the most amount of material happiness in the shortest amount of time. Another querry is born of the word Free- dom . It is best explained by Herbert Read who writes: At the outset, there are a few definitions or axioms which I ought to write down as a guide to those who will follow me, or as 106 a warning to those who might be misguid- ed by me. There is the word freedom it- self, so often and so glibly used by every interested person or party. The free- dom of the press, the freedom of as- sociation, the freedom of trade -- all such uses of the word seem to me wrong, for freedom is an abstract concept, a philosophical word. What these people mean by their freedoms is really a neg- ative condition--the absence of control, the liberty of unlicensed conduct iit is significant that complete ambiguity or equivocation has also overtaken the word licencei. Freedom, in this sense, always implies freedom from some kind of con- trol. But freedom in the sense I shall use the word is a positive condition--specific- ally, freedom to create, freedom to be- come what one is. The word implies an obligation. Freedom is not a state of rest, of least resistance. lt is a state of action, or proiection, of self realisation!! Thus the freedom which affects the characters of Russian literature is the freedom of becoming, not subjegating. lf Herbert Read's definition of freedom is used, we see that freedom is a respon- sibility which must be accepted. lt is a responsi- bility which the characters in the books by the Nihilist writers lcovered in the bibliography! do not accept, and hence they should be considered as Nihilistic. To accept people as they are is generally con- ceived of as brotherhood, and brotherhood needs no examination as such. But this philosophy of Christ reached its highest point of clarity, in the opinion of many students of Russian literature, in Dostoievsky's short story The Peasent Marey. 10 The story concerns Dostoievsky's exile and impris- onment in Siberia. ln it he relates how, while watching the actions of his fellow inmates on their yearly holidays , he achieved this compassion for the human race. The holiday was a few da s at Easter when the prisoners were allowed to dyfink, fight, and were free of all work details. This privi- lege was granted them because the prison officials realized that if the prisoners were not given a chance to let off steam , as it were, they would be infinitely more difficult to handle. 9. Herbert Read, Existentialism, Marxism, and An- archism lLondon, England, Freedom Press, l950D p.2l. l0. Dostoievsky, p. 99-l07. The merry making he watched consisted of drunken peasants indulging in knife fights and re- prisals against informers, men being reduced to the position reserved aux animaux domestiques. KA Polish comrade of his commented, Je hais ces brigands. i Dostoievsky returned to his bunk to reflect on the actions of those about him when he remem- bered an incident which had happened many years before when he was nine. While out in the woods one day, he thought he had heard someone cry wolf . He immediately ran for his house and upon reaching a field on the other side of which was his home, he caught sight of the serf Morey plowing. He ran up to Marey and told him about the wolf. Marey, with a sensitivity which only 'young children and poets seem to have, explained to young Fyodor that he had only imag- ined the cry. With a look of tenderness and sym- pathy, he allayed the boys fears, and having been crossed by Morey, Dostoievsky made his way, hesi- tatingly, to his home. Of course, Dostoievsky concluded, most peo- ple would try to comfort a terrified child, but there was something more than that in Marey's eyes. He actually loved the child as his own. Not because he was the child of his master, or because he ex- pected any reward for his kindness towards the boy. No, he loved the child because he was a fel- low human being. Young Dostoievsky was an entity which had the same hopes and fears which he had. He could no more not love the boy than he could not love himself. After Dostoievsky had recalled this incident, which had previously been hidden away in the dark recesses of his mind as effectively as a state secret is kept in a safe at some foreign ministry office, he realized that he, too, could not hate his fellow pris- oners any more than he could hate himself. He felt truly sorry for his Polish comrade who had said Je hais ces brigands. Turgenev and Tolstoy, though, take a stand which is completely opposed to this Christian phil- osophy. Their philosophy is that of Nihilism. Any description of Nihilism can be no more clear or succinct than the definition of it which lvan Tur- genev, the term's originator, uses. The following situation concerns an argument between Bazarov, the hero and proponent of Nihilsm and the uncle of a friend of his, Arkady, a violent adversary of Nihilism. Bazarov speaks first: Then we suspected that talk, perpetual talk, and nothing but talk about our social diseases, was not worth while, that it all led to nothing but superficiality and pedantry, we saw that our leading men, so called advanced people and reformers are no good, that we busy ouselves over foolery, talk rubbish about art, uncon- scious creativeness, parlimentarism, trial by jury, and the duece knows what all, while all the while, it's a question of get- ting bread to eat while we're stifling un- der the grossest superstition, while all our enterprises come to grief, simply because there aren't honest men enough to carry them on, while the very emancipation our governments busy upon will hardy come to any good, because peasants are glad to rob even themselves to get drunk in a gin-shop. Yes . . . you were convinced of all of this, and decided not to undertake any- thing seriously yourselves . . . Nihilism is to cure all our woes, and you, you are our heroes and saviors. But why do ou abuse others, those reformers even. Eon't you do as much talking as every one else? Whatever faults we have we do not err in that way . . . we are a force that will trample all of this down, and a force as you know, cannot be called for account, we destroy and when we have destroyed all of this filth and corruption, then let someone else come and build up again, that is not our job. 11 Again, as stated before, the evil is that of blind destruction and the refusal to accept the phil- osophy of Christ. ll. Ivan Turgenev, Collected Works, Fathers and Sons lNew York, Greystone Press, l9??l p. 35- 36. Dolohov, too, in ToIstoy's War and Peace ex- hales this same breath of complacency and de- struction throughout the book. His actions are the same as those of Bazarov in Fathers and Sons. Dolohov is striking out against a society which has no place for him. This is a facet of life which he is unable to comprehend. It is quite impossible for him to see any justification for the degenerate Moscow and Petersburg social elite who deny him their friendship, when in reality his carousals are no different from those of some of the richest princes of Petersburg. This feeling runs its course as swiftly and as surely as does a mountain stream racing its way to the pastures below. Dolohov and Bazarov are Nihilists because they are unable to cope with re- ality, because they see, but can not appreciate beauty, because they recognize the necessity for an upper class, but tear down this upper class simply because of the fact that they are not one of its members, while enjoying all of the rights and perrogatives of a bankrupt Russian aristocracy. There is only one character in the works with which I am familiar, who can almost justify this movement. This is Pechorin in Lermontov's A Hero of Our Time lundoubtedly an autobiographical characterl who says Everybody read in my face the signs of bad inclinations which were not there, but they were supposed to be there, and so they came into existence. I was mod- est--they accused me of being crafty: I became secretive. I felt deeply good and evil--nobody carressed me, everybody of- fended me: I became rancorous. I was gloomy--other children were merry and talkative. I felt myself superior to them-- but was considered inferior: I became en- vious. I was ready to love the whole world--none understood me: and I learned to hate. My colorness youth was spent in a struggle with myself and with the world. Fearing mockery, l buried my best feelings at the bottom of my heart: there they died. I spoke the truth--I was not be- lieved: l began to deceive.12 I2. Mihail Lermontov, A Hero of Our Time lNew York, Doubleday An Anchor, 1958.7 The hero of Tolstoy's The Kreutzer Sonata also finds himself an outcast of society. He too is a Bazarov who accepts absolutely no belief no mat- ter in what temple the idea is worshipped. ln his inability to meet reality he denies any existing morality and negates the possibility that any moral order could exist. Being thus unable to realize that reality does exist and cannot be hidden from by placing ones head under the ground, he does not have the ability to face the situation in which he finds himself dragged by the Fates. His plight is not dissimilar from the ones which many people go through, the only difference being that the majority of people are able to find some form of a workable solution to it. Vasya, the hero, believes that his wife is be- ing unfaithful to him, though he has no direct proof to bear out this allegation he does reflect on his past life and concludes that every person does the same things that he did before his marriage. Convinced by this rather faulty logic that his wife and a friend of his are having an affair, he unex- pectedly returns from a trip in order to go home and catch his wife and his acquaintance b sur- prise. He arrives at the house to find them pllaying music together, the friend the violin, the wife the piano and immediately he reaches the conclusion that his assumptions have been correct. Rushing them with a kitchen knife he wounds the violinist, but deals a mortal blow to his wife. Within a few hours, she has died and he is arrested. At the in- quest he is acquitted of any criminal responsibility in the death of his wife. After reflection, though, he realizes that he acted rashly and upon reviewing the circumstances, he believes that actually there may have been no grounds for killing his wife. However, he sees that what is done is done and it probably was all for the best since they were not happily married anyway, and her death kept them from spending another thirty or forty years of mis- ery together. Here at last we see the meaning of the two philosophies, on the one hand we have the Nihilists. They believe that absolutely no good can come of man, for he is nothing but a toy in the hands of some monstrous, insane fiend called Fate. lt is their contention that man's life is hurled back and forth from the extremes of joy and sorrow, good and evil, without his being able to control his speed or destination just as a shuttlecock has absolutely no influence in deciding to which part of the court it will be directed. Nihilism is a philosophy of despair. A thought complex of hate, avarice and intellectual prosti- tution. The Nihilist has absolutely no regard for anyone but himself. He is unable to decide between the Good and the Evil. He has not the ability to think in the abstract. ln short he is in a state of complete moral depravity. Turgenev's Bazarov, even though he is forced, finally, into an existence which he abhors, will for- ever believe in the true and everlasting quality of Nihilism, and will continue to tear down al-l the temples he comes in contact with. Lermontov's Pe- chorin, likewise, lived out his life as a complete moral failure as even he admits, or comes as close to admitting as he is able, in the above quoted pas- sage. He too does not possess enough of that virtue known as intestinal fortitude to quit his manner of living and change his ideaology to make a success of himself. The same holds true for Dolohov, Pierre Bexu- hov and Prince Andrey Bolkonsky in Tolstoy's War and Peace. All of these characters aptly fit the descrip- tion Milovan Djilas gave his high school principal: Borovic was essentially a good and noble man, but an amateur and deeply un- happy. He had realized nothing of what he had loved and desired.13 ln other words they were dilettantes in the art of life. They spent the whole of their existence finding all of the pathways of life but never fol- lowing them to see where they ended. What about Dostoievsky , you say, Are not the characters which he portrays in his books Nihi- lists? How do you explain the difference in their philosophies? True, though the characters which Dostoievsky portrays are, practically without ex- ception, Nihilists, they are of a different stamp. Whereas Tolstoy or Turgenev and to a lesser ex- tent in Pushkin and his direct literary descendent Lermontov, the characters believe in Nihilism, and can concieve of no other philosophy. Those of Dos- toievsky are able to see where they have gone astray. Dostoievsky produced a different quality of man. His people to begin with are Nihilists, but af- ter following each of the paths that the others only hoped someday to travel, they reached the ultimate destination of their roads. However, when they reached the trail's end, they found that it was not all that they had wished it to be. Looking about, they saw the rainbow of their destiny emblazoned across the sky, and they cut their own trails to find the pot of gold at the rainbow's end. lvan Karamazov's trail led him to reject his past life of atheism, as can be evidenced in his tell- ing of The Legend of the Grand lnquisitor. Di- mitry Karamazov lDimitry is the Slavic form of the Greek Demeterl accepts his exile to Siberia as a just punishment. Not because he has been con- victed of murdering his father, lfor he had not done that, his father's servant Smerdyakov com- l3. Milovan Djilas, Land Without Justice lNew York, Harcourt Brace, 19587 p.256. mited the murderl but as a punishment for his transgressions against Mother Earth. Alyosha, his younger brother, quit the mo- nastic life to go with Dimitry to Siberia, for he saw that the monastery was exactly that some Chrystal Palace which the hero of the Notes from the Un- derground had described. lt was not in his constitution as a human be- ing to be a factor in the universal equation twice two is four. He had to have the freedom he could gain by dedicating his life to the slaves of Siberia so that he might learn why twice two is four instead of some other number. Raskolnikov, in Crime and Punishment, real- izing the moral injustice he has allowed himself to carry out, confesses to the murders he had com- mitted and accepts his eight year sentence to Si- beria as right and just. Right and just, not because this purified his soul of the murders but because he was forced' to give pennance for crimes against society. Nikolay, in The Possessed, realizing that Nihi- lism is nothing but a false philosophy, and that in following the teaching of the Nihilists he removed himself from the beauties of life which he prized above all else, and that he never could regain his lost sensitivity, hangs himself. An action, inci- dentally, which Bazorov could never bring himself to contemplate, let alone carry out. Fine, you say, So there is a difference be- tween the Apocalypts and the Nihilists. Which one is right. And, say, where is this spa of ideas you promised me? Have you forgotten it? As to which one is right, l believe that the last forty years gives us a very conclusive answer. The Apocalypts, led by Dostoievsky were right. The Center, as Czeslaw Milosz calls the Krem- lin, controls the minds of the people. The Center forces upon the minds of the intellectual, the Lenin- Stalin interpretation of the place of art in a com- munist government. During the daily Club meetings, roughly equivalent to Orwell's Hate meetings in l984, the Center obtains a measure of control over the minds of the masses that makes Big Brothers Hate Week appear as a children's game. Since the Revolution of l9l7, the intellectual has been placed in a position of relative obscurity. The reason for this was demonstrated quite con- vincingly in l956. The intellectuals of Poland and Hungary were allowed to express their sentiments of the Communist Party openly. In Hungary, and to a lesser extent in Poland, the criticisms by the intellectual class whipped the populace up to such a fervor that the Poznan Riots and Hungarian Revolution were the only conse- quences that could logically follow. Of course, ,for some time the Center had real- ized the potential danger in the intellectual class, but after Stalin's death, it was thought advisable to court the feelings of the people. The Center knew from its own birth, and from the manner in which it helped form other Socialist Republics , that the most effective means of winning the favor of the people was through the influence of the writer. As there was a great deal of agitation concerning the institution of Socialist Realism , it was thought advisable to ease the restrictions placed on the minds of the people of Eastern Europe. But in view of the revolutions in Hungary and Poland, and the now proven fact that intellectual freedom breeds political freedom, the Center has re-instituted its harsh Stalinistic doctrine of anti- formalism. This is the reason that Pasternak is be- ing punished to such a degree. lt is not simply for the reason that he has defied them, for if that were it he would have died with most of Russia's intel- lectuals who were victims of the l937 purge-trials. Rather, the reason for his virtual excommunication is the knowledge of what, damage his book Doctor Zhivago can cause to the system if the people are ever allowed to read it. The dangerous characters of the book are the Nihilists who find the error in their ways. The party men who suddenly renounce their affiliation with it. But the time will come, however, when the Center can no longer keep books like Doctor Zhi- vago from the people, and when this time is reach- ed, the people will rise up from their places of menial subserviance to the Center and crush it. That will be the day when the volcano er- rupts. The lava that flows from it will be the anger of the people, which has found its voice in men like Pasternak. Now we know what the ideas that will come from Russian literature are. What is the true philosophy? Does one man have the right to sub- jegate another? What is Art? What should be the relationship of one man to another? When these questions are answered, we will no longer need to fear men like Bazorov, Pechorin, or Stalin, for there will be no minority feelings for them to mul- tiply on, no sympathizers to feed and clothe them and no. place for their system of thought and gov- ernment to flourish. Social ,ff E r ' E . 'l on J K ,l 1 B , :E .5 E, :aw ,. ,,,.fv , '1 J, Aw V f , 1 , 1 I . ' I P , I I 'Q' i f 1 X A HRX ff. .AFX , Q u U 1, if w N -QM nu W 4' N -'-. .. I 111 Qasvo4 no Q64 bt A0 Q . 4 Q 4 4 4 1 S! 'O Q -Q 1 A 115 of . , gp Q H X, .F s- Y' I f P' lf, i' George Gurley Man, The World, and the Absurd: A Study of the Works of Albert Camus Mesdomes et Messieurs, Vous dont la mere est morte, C'est le bon fossoyeux Qui gratte a votre porte Les Morts C'est sous terre: Ca n'en sort Guere. Vous fumez dans vos bocks, Vous soldez quelque idylle, La-bas chante le coq, Pauvres morts hors des villes. Mesdomes et Messieurs, Vous dont la soeur est morte, Ouvrez au fossoyeux Qui claque a votre parte. Laforgue: Complointe de l'oubli des morts Our's is an age of discouragement. Le Genera- tion Bottu, L'Ecole d'existentialisme, and other movements show an attitude of utter despondency. It has been said that the school of existentialism is a result of the chaos in Europe which has reigned since the War, particularly in France. With all re- spect to this opinion, it must be noted that a good deal of thought which has appeared from this group is thought which is extremely practical and perti- nent not only in France but anywhere in the world. Existentialism has been quite successful at evading definition but is generally represented by negation and nihilism. The assertion that existence precedes essence is one of its best known credos. This means mast nearly that we are placed on earth with no prearranged design or plan, and that we choose to live our lives one way or the other. Man creates his own values, chooses his friends, and molds his destiny. lt may be said that Albert Camus is not an existentialist- he would no more accept member- ship in that clan, than would same be offered him. He strives for an answer to life's futility, whereas the existentialists content themselves only with rec- ognizing it. This futility is referred to by Camus as, the Absurd. Camus, himself once extremely athletic, was faced by an absurd situation of tuber- culosis at an early age. Thus, the concept of life's absurdity is an essential focal point for him. The absurd is a man's perdition. Man wants ration- ality but is everywhere faced with irrationality. He is athirst for freedom, fraternity, solidarity, and everywhere encounters a selfish social order, a dried up bureaucracy. Man waits for a voice from heaven but receives only the answer of eternal sil- ence. ill Jean-Paul Sartre has given meaning to the absurd by citing the man whose words are cut off by a phone booth. One looks at his senseless jabbering and wonders why he lives. This absurdity is the prime adversary against which Camus has dedicated his battle. ln his essay, Le Mythe de Sisyphise, and in his novels and short stories, the hero is modern man- man condemned by his society to spiritual exile, man struggling against the evil and injustice around him, and man seeking to overcome these forces. lt will be noted that Camus' novels form stepping stones toward his final ideal. l. Henri Peyre, The Contemporary French Novel, iNew York, Oxford, 19557, p.242. Le Mythe de Sisyphise Sisyphus, who loved the earth and negated the gods, was doomed to roll a heavy stone up a steep hill, always to have it roll down. This is the absurd vocation, struggling always with no hope for ulti- mate success or fulfillment. Camus picked Sisyphus for his likeness to today's laborer. He states that the only recognized means of escape from this situ- ation are hope and suicide. Camus' absurd line of reasoning is the attempt to discover if life's absurdity requires escape by either of these two means. Camus separates himself from other exist- ential philosophers by denouncing both of them as negations of one of the terms of the absurd. He regards hope and prayer primarily as means of ob- taining false security and as evasions of the prob- lem at hand. Hope for another life robs one of the grandeur of this life, he argues. Suicide bows down to the absurd as a god and thus submits to the pur- poselessness of life. The great thing, Camus asserts, is to revolt against the absurd. Although Sisyphus' task is pain- ful, he returns to it joyfully for he has triumphed over the absurd, over himself, over the gods, and above all he can no longer be deceived by the world around him. The struggle itself toward the sum- mit is enough to fill the heart of a man. We must imagine Sisyphus as happy. l2l 2. Albert Camus, Le Mythe de Sisyphise CNew York, Borzoi, l955l, p.l23. The first problem faced in this revolt is death. Camus says that he cannot believe in a meaning in life beyond his present condition and he accepts death as final. But, today still l do not see that this uselessness detracts from my revolt, and I well feel that it adds to lt. C33 Therefore, man faced with absurdity and finality of death must revolt as did Sisyphus. lt is in this revolt that Camus sees man's chance to rise above his condition. If life is unjust, man can triumph only by continuous re- bellion. As previously stated Camus' three most ac- claimed works show a succession of men facing the absurd. L'Etranger, written in I939, may be called an illustration of Le Mythe de Sisyphise. Meur- sault, a clerk, attends his mother's funeral at the home where he sent her two years before. He sits through the wake, smoking cigarettes and drinking cafe au lait. He follows the funeral pro- cession but fails to hesitate by the grave afterward. He returns, goes swimming with a girl friend and sees a movie. Really nothing in my life had changed. l4l He continues to see Marie, his girl friend, and indifferently accepts the relationship of Raymond, reputedly a pander. Raymond asks his assistance in writing a letter of vengeance to his infidel Arab mistress. Raymond beats the woman, the police are 3. Thomas Hanna, The Thought and Art of Albert Camus lChicago, Regnery, l9587, p.5. 4. Albert Camus, L'Etranger lNew York, Borzoi, l946l, p.56. involved, and Meursault agrees to vouch for him. When Meursault and Marie are subsequently in- vited to the beach by a friend of Raymond, they discover the brother of the woman lurking around the beach. A fight ensues. Later Raymond and Meursault return with a gun. Unable to start an- other fight, they go back to the beach house. Meur- sault feels himself drawn back to the spot and comes too close to the Arab, who draws a knife. Meursault, affected by the heat and the wine he drank at lunch, fires the gun once, and then five more times. The Arab is dead. Meursault is arrested, and could easily have been acquitted but for his complete honesty and refusal to apply the craft of society. He is found to be guilty and sentenced to decapitation. Meursault is a man caught up in absurdity. His honesty convicts him and his complete indif- ference kills him. Marie asks him if he loves her and he an- swers that he really doesn't know, but he supposes not. She asks him to marry her and he says that if that is what she desires, they will do so right away. Before the trial, the prosecutor gives him the chance to save himself but Meursault refuses to say that he believes in Christ or that he was really sorry when his mother died. Meursault's employer had offered him a bet- ter position in Paris, but he really didn't care for it as things were all right as they stood. Meursault admits this indifference after the prosecutor has accused him of being a case-hardened criminal: Of course, I had to own that he was right, l didn't feel much regret for what l'd done. Still to my mind he overdid it, and l'd have liked to have a chance to explain to him in a quite friendly, almost affec- tionate way that l've never really been able to re- gret anything in all my life. l've always been far too much absorbed in the present moment or the immediate future, to think back. It is now easy to see why Meursault is a stranger. His complete honesty is incomprehensible to a society unaware of true feelings or at least un- willing to admit it. At one time during the trial he realizes how much all the people detest him and is seized, for the first time in his life, by the desire to burst into tears. Since the intense heat of the sun, something which had previously had a dizzying effect on Meursault, was his only excuse for firing the gun, it was no trick to convict him. But Meursault was not doomed because of the murder, but because his crime required an absolute judgment. This at- tempt to categorize a person as a case-hardened criminal is seen as one of the failures of society and the cause of the inevitable conclusion of guilt. Meursault was as ordinary as anyone but when judgment was forced upon him, he was a menace to society. As Meursault lies in his cell, he ponders his condition. He is aware of the finality of death, and hence the uselessness of his life. His liberty re- moved, he realizes that, in time, mon can adjust to anything. The prison chaplain insists on seeing him, al- though he isn't interested. The chaplain catches his ear by stating that it is not God who has con- demned him, but man. Of what use is God then? questions Meursault. The only kind of after-life that would interest him is one in which he could remember life on earth. The subsequent explosion awakens in the stranger something approaching a revolt. He real- izes that he is on firmer ground than the chaplain because he is sure of his present life and sure of his death. l'd passed by life in a certain way, and might have passed it in another way lan example of existence preceding essence l. ln fact, Meur- sault, in being aware of indifference concerning death, has accomplished his revolt against the moral absolutism of man and has reaffirmed his passion for the present. Meursault sleeps. He feels that he has purged himself of the squalor around him and has thrown off his last bond. His final wish is that on the day of my execution there should be a huge crowd of spectators and that they should greet me with howls of execration. The Fall La Chute, although written after La Peste, is more conveniently listed after L'Etranger, as it holds this position in the climb towards Camus' ideal. lt is a confessional narrative, told by one Jean-Baptiste to a man to whom he presents him- self in an Amsterdam bar. As he gains the man's confidence, he cleverly relates his story, and con- sequently the plight of modern man. Clamence was a Parisian criminal lawyer of extra-ordinary ability and by his success he gained the esteem of men and the love of women. Cla- mence was one to spot an opportunity and grab it. His success with people, for the most part acci- dental, became an obsession with him. Slowly he began to recognize, through his easy plunder, the absurdity and dishonesty in life. He would help a blind lady across the street or go out of his way to do a favor simply to revel in his deception and the gullibility of his acquaintances. But in time he came to know himself too well. He could sense an eye in the back of his head every time he made love to o woman, every time he outwitted a man. But still he found pleasure in aiding people, from hearing their acclaims. He continued to turn the misfortunes of others into personal triumphs, and succeeded partly in justifying it. He was able to speak of what interested others and what con- cerned others, and as a result he had no person- ality, he was the image of all and of no one. Clamence's crucial event occurs as he is walk- ing home after a party, thinking of his success and importance to others. He passes a girl, leaning over the railing of Le Pont Royal, staring at the Seine below. He and the girl were the only two around, for a drizzling rain kept away anyone else who would be out at such an hour. He passed over the bridge and began strolling eastward toward St. Michael's, when he heard a splash and a series of cries float- ing downstream. He stopped, realizing that he should do something, but considered the coldness of the water and the difficult task of rescuing her. His obligation couldn't penetrate these obstacles plus the self-enjoyment he felt after an evening's love-making. He simply stood, knowing that he should do something and knowing that he wouldn't. The incident laid the groundwork for his fall, which is finally evidenced when he returns to the bridge three years later. As he looks into the Seine, he hears behind him a cold but jovial laugh, he turns but nothing is behind him. The laughter moves downstream. lt is after this incident that Clamence exiles himself in Amsterdam. He has assumed thexrole of judge-penitent of man. By condemning his own life, he judges and condemns the lives of all men. By instilling self-judgment in the listener, he accomplishes his only means of escaping the shock- ing laughter of the world. Thus Clamence is an an- cient mariner , doomed to define to man exactly what he is caught up in. Man can live in the world of the absurd as long as he can deceive himself as well as those about him, but when he becomes aware of all his tricks, deceptions and motives, when he watches for them and catches himself at it, he can no longer go on. Camus doesn't prescribe self-exile or anything else. The fall is a mirror of all of us - Albert Camus included. No man is innocent, no man may judge others from a standpoint of righteousness. There- fore, Clamence's prophecy is one of no hope. We will all meet our fall and the common end. lt will be seen that this message has little in common with Camus' other writings, but first one must examine what many consider the greatest of Camus' novels. The Plague La Peste was written in l948. lt has been called by some an allegory, which it may well be as its characters represent every concept of Camus' absurd condition. Written in an almost journalistic tone, La Peste doesn't depend upon the usual diver- sions of sex, intrigue, etc. One morning Dr. Rieux left his apartment in the town of Oran, and stepped on a dead rat in the hall. By the time he reached the street, he realized that a dead rat had no business being in the hall and he notified the police. The town soon witnessed the death of a great number of rats, coming up from basements, wharves, garbage cans, into the streets. From 6,000 to 7,000 a day they came. On the third day the concierge was stricken by some malady and died. Several cases of the same sort arose over the city, and a meeting of the town's doctors was called. Although they were afraid to call the malady plague , Rieux insisted that the important thing was to keep people alive. So the town was closed up. No one could leave, no one could enter. The people of Oran were to be in a prison for more than a year. Many of them would be separated from their loved ones. La Peste is the story of these people and how they reacted to the absurd situation of plague in the Algerian town of Oran. People face the plague differently. lt brings out good in some people and evil in others. The nar- rator, who finally identifies himself as Rieux, de- pends upon the effects of the plague on himself, and a diary written by Tarrou, a fortune hunter who had just arived at Oran. He calls the doctor one day, as an acquaintance in the some apart- ment has attempted to hang himself. The man, Cottard, is a criminal and rejoices in the plague. lt hides him from the police, and during its reign, he is friendly and jovial to all. Of all the people in the story, Cottard was the only one who refused to fight the plague. A man named Grand keeps us posted on the fluctuation of Cottard's spirit in rela- tion to the plague. Rambert is a young journalist who had come to Oran for just a brief time to write a story. The plague separates him from his wife and imprisons him in foreign surroundings. Father Paneloux provides the Christian stand. Dr. Castel, and M. Othon, a magistrate, complete the cast of characters whose reactions are studied. lt may be said that in the first period of plague, separation was the worst factor. An ex- ample was Dr. Castel and his wife, who had been absent at the beginning of the epidemic. Although their long married years had perhaps not produced the most desirable effects, the ruthless separation made them realize their mutual love. Boys who had struggled to get out of their mothers' apron strings gazed regretfully at each new wrinkle. Men who had regarded themselves as great lovers became obedient and faithful. Rambert constantly attempted to escape from the prison but when he was enabled to do so, de- cided against it. He felt somehow that it was his duty to stay and fight against infection and pesti- lence. But the intense feeling of exile diminished. Memories turned sterile. Even Rambert came to forget the face of his wife. Yet, in the midst of utter despondency, most men did their part. Even Grand, an extremely weak man, spent most of his time doing his share of the work. Upon the advent of plague, Paneloux delivers a sermon explaining the pestilence as the wrath of a God weary of waiting for the people of Oran to serve Him. He turns the plague into a device to humble men and make them worry. The just man need have no fear, but the evil-doer has good cause to tremble. C57 For him, the plague is an excellent opportunity to exemplify the evil of man, and to advertise the need of religion. But in spite of his harsh view, Paneloux fights along with the others in hope of saving the threatened lives. As Paneloux sees more 5. Albert Camus, La Paste lNew York, Borzoi, 19577, p.87. and more of death, his stand becomes more real- istic and expedient. The crux arrives in the person of M. Othon's plague-stricken son. Dr. Castel's new serum is ap- plied but after a great struggle, the boy dies. Rieux had reatly hoped to save the boy, and is ap- proacied by a bewildered Paneloux. His previous attitude showed the necessity of labeling and ex- plaining the plague - but what justice is there in the death of a child? Paneloux suggests that per- haps we should love that which we can't under- stand. Rieux answers, No, Father. l've a very dif- ferent idea of love. And until my dying day I shall refuse to love a scheme of things in which children are put to torture. Paneloux continues to philosophize and then asks Rieux if he has yet convinced him. Rieux re- plies that it, really doesn't matter, that man's strug- gle against disease is the only thing of importance. This is greatly reflected in Paneloux' next sermon in which he stresses the importance of man's soli- darity in battling the plague. He recognizes the facility of assuring eternal bliss to victims of plague and declares that he himself is not certain of after-life. But, he asks, Who would dare to deny everything? Who will submit entirely to the absurdity of the situation? He begins work on a pamphlet, ls a Priest Justified in Consulting a Doctor? and when he is seized by plague, he re- fuses to see Rieux. This is the only alternative for a man who locks himself by faith and hope outside of the world of man. As Camus has said, this is his most anti-Christian book. He feels that one can fight more deliberately against evil if one doesn't believe in God. And thus it is that beside Paneloux' name in the record of his death were the two words, doubtful case . Tarrou keeps the log of the plague. He has a keen aptitude for noting off-color incidents and he searches the innermost thoughts of his acquaint- ances. He tracks the progress of the plague by the actions of the old man across the street. In the early days, he sweetly called the town's cat popula- tion until, when one would come in range, he would issue a carefully-aimed missile of saliva - laughing heartilyoupon a score. But in time there were no cats in ran. Tarrou went to Dr. Rieux with the proposition that he organize squadrons to improve the town's sanitation and generally do anything necessary to win the battle. Rieux is delighted but warns Tarrou that the endeavor could easily prove fatal. Tarrou beats around the bush with a series of theological questions for the purpose of strengthening his own beliefs. After doing his best to answer, Rieux says, To tell the truth, all that's out of my rapnge. But you - what do you know about it. Ah, Tarrou replied quite cooly, l've little left to learn. Do you really imagine you know everything about life? Yes. Tarrou, organizes his teams and immediately goes to work. lt is through Tarrou that Rambert realizes the need for courage and decides to re- main. But it is through Rambert that we discover Tarrou's inability to turn revolt into intellectual form as well as into action. Tarrou is capable of dying for an idea, but not for love or for hu- manity but not for a man. Rambert doesn't be- lieve in heroism - he has seen it as murderous and futile. What interests him is dying for what one loves. He believes that man is but an idea once he turns his back on love. His supreme goal would be to deliver man back to the ultimate capacity of love. Rieux, whose wife is nearing death in a sona- torium of another town, answers, For nothing in the world is it worth turning one's back on what one loves. Yet that is what l'm doing, though why I do not know. Tarrou remains and gives his utmost to the cause. He has love, and the plague makes him a more worthy, sensitive man. When he was a child, he saw his father condemn a man to death. Al- though the man was obviously guilty, the fear in his eyes branded within Tarrou an irremovable hate for capital punishment. Through the years his feel- ing matured into a dislike for anything that brings harm to man. He refuses to accept that one man can rightfully judge others. Poor, M. Othon , he says. ' One would like to do something for him. But how can you help a judge? Tarrou left his home after the incident and spent the rest of his life learning about people and the plague. He found that he had had the plague for years and that indirectly he had caused the death of thousands of people by approvin of prin- ciples which allowed these things. Yes, Tye been ashamed ever since l have realized that we all have the plague and I have lost my peace. And today l'm still trying to find it, still trying to understand all those others and not be the mortal enemy of anyone. So plague is seen as something within each of us. lt is evil, intolerance, blind acceptance, self- preoccupation. lt is difficult to do real good to a man, thus good is to bring no harm to man. There are pestilences and there are victims, and as long as doctrines like capital punishment are condoned, we are joining forces with the plague and bringing upon ourselves ruin. Therefore, if Tarrou is the bearer of a plague germ, he does not do so willingly - and is hence an innocent murderer. He has become a victim of the plague, thus his in- ability to accomplish a psychological revolt. lt comes to this, says Tarrou, what interests me is learning to become a saint. But you don't believe in God. Exactlyl Can one be a saint with- out God? That's the problem, in fact the only problem that l'm up against today. As the plague's fury subsides, Tarrou becomes afflicted. He asks Rieux only one thing - always to tell him the truth. Rieux: Breathing better? A bit. Does that mean anything? IDD No, Tarrou, it doesn't mean any- thing. You know as well as I that there's a remission in the morning. Thanks . Tarrou nodded his ap- proval. Always tell me the exact truth. Tarrou -believes that truth is the only way to defeat the plague. He has the greatest respect for simple language and thoughts, because by com- plicated reasoning we are able to convince our- selves and others of the rectitude of murder. He believes that only through constant struggle against the absurd and evil of the world can man find his ultimate end - peace. I'arrou achieves his saint- hood by denying reality in fc.-vor of universal soli- darity. As there is no eternal reward in his view of things, we must find our peace in the incessant an- guish of revolt. Dr. Rieux occupies the top rung in Camus' ladder of the absurd hero. lt is to Rieux, not Tar- rou, that Camus likens himself. Rieux is a ra- tional man, and although he scorns obeissance to the all-rational, he realizes that resorting to the irrational produces a more disastrous end. He feels that if he believed in an all-powerful God, he would cease curing the sick. His faith is in the solidarity of man in his common struggle, and at the end of the plague, he has learned only that there are more things to admire in man than to despise. Suffering has taught him that the order of the world is shaped by death, and it is thus better to refuse to believe in God and struggle against death, rather than lift our lives to Him in submission. Throughout the scourge of the pestilence Rieux sees many people die. He receives news of his wife's death almost directly after Tarrou's. But he can never become accustomed to the struggle against death. Tarrou, by dying, had lost the match, Rieux, .by surviving, had the memories, friendships and affection which the plague had brought. So all a man could win in the conflict between plague and life was knowledge and mem- ones. So, at last, the plague relented. For the most part nothing had changed in the people of Oran, and it was this fact that supported their innocence. Some of the people had longed for their loved ones. Others, fewer these - Tarrou may have been one of them - had desired reunion with something they couldn't define, but which seemed to them the only desirable thing on earth. For want of a better name, they sometimes called it peace. Rieux is making his rounds. lt is evening, and people are rejoicing because the plague is over. He goes out on the terrace of one of his steady pa- tients - the some terrace where he and Tarrou had once taken an hour's vacation from their work. He watched the celebration below, and suddenly felt himself at one with those about him. He realized that his tale could not be one of victory, that plague bacillus never dies or disappears for good, that it can lie dormant for years and years in furni- ture and linen chests, that it bides its time in bed- rooms, cellars, trunks, and bookshelves, and that perhaps the day would come when for the bane and enlightening of men, it would rouse up its rats again and send them forth to die in a happy city. Conclusion lt has been shown that from L'Etron?er to Lo Peste, certain ideals have been exempli ied. The stranger was an absurd hero . His life was inces- sant drudgery, he was indifferent to love, and faced death simply as a necessary end. The stran- ger is at the bottom of the scale, because he failed to realize the absurd and to make some movement for or against it. Jean-Baptiste Clamence, although he is per- haps a more menacing creature than Meursault, recognized the absurd, turned it to his own advan- tage and then met his fall by failing to trust in and accord with his fellow-man. Dr. Rieux was aware of the absurd and waged a constant battle against it. The destiny of man, he believed, lay in man's ability to unite in a common stfruggle against evil and the unjust sentences of li e. A clear glimpse of this concept is given in Camus' short story, Artist ot Work. Gilbert Jonas, painter, rose to a rapid success and his lodgings became a mecca for students and painters. For some time he was bathed in success but was ruined by all the attention paid him. He became a degen- erate but finally attempted a comeback . For al- most a month he remained in the attic with very little food. One day he fell to the floor in exhaus- tion but excited over his long-awaited success. Later when the painting was examined, it was found to consist of only one word but with some question as to whether it should read solitary or solidary . Thus the innocent Jonas was torn be- tween two ends. Man had been both his destruction and his triumph. Whether Jonas found his answer or not is immaterial. The ideal is finally described in The Growing Stone, a short story concerning M. D'Arrast, archi- tect. commissioned to build a dam in a small Bra- zilian community. During his stay, he becomes ac- quainted with a man who claimed to have been thrown from his skiff into a tempestuous sea, which was immediately calmed when he promised Christ to carry a lOO-pound stone in a religious parade. D'Arrast observes the man's struggle from a bal- cony. He succeeds in carrying the stone to one end of the village but falls half the way back. D'Arrast rushes down, seizes the stone and carries it, but not to the designated place. lnstead he is drawn to the man's lodgings. He drops the stone and stands there exhausted but ecstatic. With his eyes closed, he joyfully ac- claimed his own strength, he acclaimed, once again, a fresh beginning in life. At that moment, a firecracker went off that seemed very close. The brother moved away from the cook fthe stone-bearerl and, half turning toward D'Arrast but without looking at him, pointed to the eggipty place and said: Sit down with us. 6. Albert Camus, Exile ond the Kingdom lNew York, Borzoi, 19587, p.2l3. 1 2 , v ,bf , , ,N- ff' lr N' . V WN ' , .Xi J Y 0 '. w. f -vm..,,,,n Ti-If HHUQP 1TO v W' QETUWV ,,,. M55 I Affwx W2 A'-'N v,,-. M f fx C EA ' I ,....h m2 9' C ' , : i , 'u 'h J' 1 M g : 1 . if Mr-- Myi ' x 'Q . ' 1 ff Y' f-NT i hdxa 2 Ml' ? 'w 'R 2 Wg xwh TL 5 C? , ,, 9 3 it L! . .vt nw.. N wap., N .X Iv 4' Jv l 2 ' fx if 1 fi fwlpy v X-wmfwxmmwww' a H , in .fi wf-mx! lm? 5, QW K- , X X Q S K ea av wuwmngg.- lf1. 5'4',':'f, , S A 5 Q xx '53 ' Yr g' AQW ip ' -. q.3 if , +9 - ? 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L',M-fl 1 1 - l ' PL -12 Emergency Prescriptions Fille n Hour on Reques o ur sieion Free Parking for OO Cars lmmedialel ac of Our Stare Amerlcan Picture Company Lfhograph P nfs El hngs E gra C' offs an P dure F am ng Telephone Vlcfor 2 1749 N W C 01 O A ROBINSON Cfy M B 6 A H1 F1Equ1pment Company The Fmest 1n COMPONENTS AND CONSOLES Brmg Your H1 F1 Needs ,M to Us .IOHNSTONE AND MILLER, INC Lufe Accldent and Health Group Insurance 407 Midland Bulldlng Kansas Cliy Mlssourl T A JOHNSTONE SR SPECIAL COLLEGE EDUCATION POLICIES O I i s, ri , ci , n vings .r m i r i . . ornerl h 8. T 1 - - Kansas i, . ' . AA :.- Q .. . . . V I . . . . I . . BAR LAZY 'VV' RANCI-I O FORMERLY D BAR S RANCH O R F D LOUISBURG KANSAS Serving Greater K C Slnce 1889 Akmadma 700' For Your Floral Needs Call Custom Made Furniture Barnes Flowers Draperxes Shp Covers Carpets On HIWCIY 50 1n Fcnrway SK 13200 WE 1 2320 Free Parl-:mg Free Dehvery CONGRATULATIONS TO THE CLASS OF 1959 BREMSON PHOTOGRAPHY STUDIO , . . . . 4300 I. C. Nichols Parkway . . . AIIIED MATERIALS 84 EQUIPMENT CO. NEW - USED - REBUILT Drexel 1-3969 for AUTO PARTS Sz ACCESSORIES 1142 So. 12th St. Kansas City, Kansas COMPLIMENTS OF CROMB 84 GAIGIE, INC. CONGRATULATIONS TO THE CLASS OF 1959 COMBS 81 CO. DIAMANT'S cure 0 boy's best FRIEND! I J Iyf P AII ewer or AII the Fom1Iy . . . rices The Family Con Afford . . . DIAMANIMS 1121 WALNUT DIAMOND CRAFTSMAN NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHY COMPANY COMPLIMENTS OF PAICHER GARMENT COMPANY SEND NEWS QUICKLY QUICKLY WHEN ARE THE AME RICANS COMING WE NEED HELP QUICKLY QUICKL SOS SOS SOS AT 430 RUSSIAN FORCES INVADED HUNGARY REPEAT AT 4 30 RUSSIAN FORCES INVADED HUNGARY RUSSIAN MIGS ARE FLYING OVER BUDAPEST NOW DONT KNOW HOW MANY THERE ARE CANT SEE THEM IMRE NAGY ASKS FOR HELP WE HAVE BEEN BETRAYED a -n me un u a una u .oo can uso one co. sas MAGNA CUM Serving Smart Women For 71 Years Shukert's OU S O US O SEIDLITZ PAINT COMPANY SIMQUP CUSTOM MADE CLOTHES FOR LADIES Original exclusive creations to order or ready to wear all accessories COUNTRY CLUB PLAZA 4720 Broadway .IE 'I-3212 COMPLIMENTS CONGRATULATIONS TO THE CLASS OF 1 9 5 9 Merchants Produce Green Jewelry an Company YOUR FAMILY DRUGGISTS Country Club Plaza 300 Ward Parkway 63rd and Brooksxde Pra1r1e Vlllage B k .lolwn S. Watkins gl Son 152 -k if APPRQVED 'liistemark I llll PANEL This exclusive Homemakers Panel seal of approval appears only on Tastemark Dairy Products. It shows that the product has been tasted, tested and approved by many women in this area right in their own kitrhens and at their own dinner tables. Vfhen the Tastemark Panel approves, we know you and your whole family will approve, too! 'fr , ,-WM ,4 M-New 'N- ' nh ' I --Qu-0-mug, ' N- . 5 . ,- U'v'- ,Q lx I if J 4. E 49 1 'HH an Q M Q M F lx Ls' EQ Pr 8 -Muxlwaw' him, 1 , 0 Nb .1 3' xf fWw.m.Mg.w-,,. ,f A U X- ,ax xxx. . a AM Q ...lt x'U1,' 'Jim 'I .I ' fm! 2, Q , ' 'W' -HH um . 21.- ? ...AQ--3.2. 1, ,. g I IU ' S O ' f .W u1,i. m N' VZ! - 41535 . 50 E55 Q M7 C HAR LE S 15 H fm, X i 1 ' X , 1 0 X 7 f A' uc: 29 ,g . 5 ,1920-'MAR.23,1955 E , 1.3:'0 ' ' - miig,iW:fgzg54nw , ff . , hu H ' ff -.4 . iii, gf , . 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