Park View High School - Leaves of Memory Yearbook (South Hill, VA)

Text from Pages 1 - 128 of the 1976 volume:

The principal of Park View, like many people in authority, has a great deal of responsibility and a limited amount of time. Yet the most important thing the principal of Park View gives to his students is his time. ke hfe ttnE’ li ?ten to our criticisms, questions and ilsteas Wt )nly in his office but in the halls, in the ;hool grounds between classes or after Much of his time is taken up with actions that may seem trivial i and they are sometimes unappreciated. Added up, though, these actions show an involved person who cares about those around him. In the morning he takes the time to announce and praise the efforts of the various organizations of the school. He also recognizes and commends the achievements of the individual. He takes the time to greet a student in the halls and to learn a student’s name. He understands the occasional monotony of classes by giving five-minute breaks. He does not have to do these things; they are not required. Because he takes the time to be interested and to care, the yearbook staff dedicates Traces ’76 to Lewis F. Morris, Principal of Park View Senior High School. 3 TIME ENCOMPASSES • • • 5 6 DIVIDED INTO THE FAMILIAR UNITS OF SECONDS, MINUTES, AND HOURS, IT ALSO EXPLORES . . . THE INTANGIBLE, 7 AND 9 FRAGMENTS OF TIME • • • Since Park View opened its doors for the first time in 1955, not many things have changed. Students complain about homework and teachers complain about grading papers. Students still attend concerts and the Junior-Senior Prom. They compete for recognition in debate, sports, and academics. They receive report cards, class rings, and diplomas and keep programs, tickets, and mortarboard tassels. Although they may not think or dress exactly like the students of 1955, the students of 1976 keep many of the same tradi- tions. 10 A £ n [V Xvf: jig “ ' 1 ' -■ ki iurisfllHH FINGER POSITION EVALUATION muxri — ' 1 1 Lewis F. Morris Principal John A. Best Assistant Principal Bryant P. Lumpkin Assistant Principal 18 i I Diane B. Harris Lucille Jones Guidance Director Guidance Counselor Carol P. Freeman Librarian Pam Wells Patricia Santore Guidance Secretary Office Secretary Bobby B. Kemp English 1 1 Yearbook Anna S. Robinson English 1 1 1 2 Forensics Debate Mrs. B. P. Lumpkin English 10 N. T. Simmons English 1 0 Mrs. Margaret M. Smith English 1 1 1 2 Drama Club 20 Virginia B. Boswell English 10 Latin I 11 ii Patricia L. Kibler English 1 1, I ' rcnch II HLCirls’ Basket- hall Softball I Eddie Crowder Geometry Business Math Football Baseball Leo W. Allen Biology Patty B. Wilson Algebra 1 , Algebra II Trigonometry, Advanced Math Ms. Gwendolyn Howell Physics James K. Martin Chemistry Biology Basketball Football James P. Wise 21 Biology Track Mrs. Jean Simmons Art Deborah Lawrence Choir Musical Dan R. Harris Band Millie B. Bracey Government Beta Club L. M. Jones U. S. History Government 22 Almena L. R. King U. S. 1 listory Sociology Lucinda Smith U. S. History SC A ' S, i i Jo Ann W. Crews Typing I II Arlene M. Walker Shorthand I General Business Margaret McAIevy Physical Education Cheerleaders Mac T. Wilson Business Law General Business j Typing I Christine J. Ferguson Accounting Office Practice, Typing 1 Randy Richardson 23 Physical Education Basketball and Track i: li I ► I Myrtle C. Dabney Home Economics FHA Mrs. Ruth K. Martin Home Economics Family Living FHA John W. Hazelwood Auto Mechanics John T. Williams, Jr. Natural Resource Management Agriculture R. C. Hines, Jr. Industrial Arts Mechanical Drawing James C. Wright Masonry Harold Thompson Agriculture FFA TEACHER AIDES Mrs. Helen E. Brown Hazel B. Oliver CAFETERIA STAFF 25 IN MEMORIAM Marie T. Tucker As a teacher of business subjects, Mrs. Tucker guided students both in and out of the classroom. We will always remember with respect, her patience, her quiet authority, and her dedication to her profession. 26 CLASSES 27 CLASS OF ’76 The Senior Class officers for 1975-76: Pres. Odessa Skipwith; Vice- Pres. Rugena Jones; Sec. Trudy Gentry; Treas. Brenda Walker. Marie Alexander Charles Alexander Patrice Alexander Mary Allen Milton Allen Debra Hall David Ainsberg Elaine Allgood Linda Alston Carl Baskerville Mike Arrington Johnny Ashworth Wallicia Baskerville William Bing Michael Boyd Sandra Beck Brenda Bentley Jeanette Bracey Irving Brown Mary Brown Ora Brown Debra Cantley Jack Cantley Danny Clary Mitch Callis Nannie Clary Jay Cleaton Clarence Cole John Clary Florence Crenshaw Sylvia Crenshaw Darlene Crutchfield Tony Cox Betsy Connelly Robin Croft I Anthony Davis Janice Davis EUen Estes Cylvia Evans Tommy Evans Leslie Evans Yvonne Evans Clifton Farrar John Ferguson Eric Fuller I Lucy George Cathy Gill Mary Goode Daniel Goodine Bobby Hall Thelma Green Lucille Harper Yvonne Green Mary Harper Dick Griffin Cathy Harris Joe Harris Peggy Harris Vivian Harris Ann Hatcher Ricky Javier j Susan Jessup Cephus Jiggetts Darlene Jiggetts I Marlene Jiggetts Patricia Jiggetts Veronica Jiggetts Alonzo Jones r 5- Margaret Johnson Elaine Lafoon Ernest Jones Thomas Kersey Joyce Jones Alton Kimball Rugena Jones Levi King I Purcell Langston Angelo Lowry Cheryl Lowrey Matt Lynch Pam Leonard Jackie Luster Renee Liles John Lynch, Jr. i % Shelia Macklin Willie Macklin Jimmy Martin Michael Martin Elaine Mitchell Toni Moore Wanda Moseley Pamela Moss Sandra Newell Kem Overby Ernestine Parrish Gail Piercy i Isadora Phillips f ! Carl Pulley Bonnie Poythress Jerry Pulley Ronnie Poythress Raymond Puryear Denise Presley Houston Ragsdale Ricky Thomason Debbie Shoop Helen Thompson Gladys Skipwith Patricia Talley Catherine Thorne Jerry Sparkman Coraleen Thomas Jenny Tisdale It ill p s I i Kelvet Townes Wayne Townes Debbie Tucker Wayne Tucker Robin Waid Bobby Walker Brenda Walker Lynn Walker Karen Wilson Mary Wilson Phyllis Winckler Scott Wright T ime, although infinite, limited when applied to the ndividual. herefore, each individual s only alloted a ertain amount of ime in which to vccomplish his dream, o seek his place among Mhers, o live. f 41 ; 1 4 ■Pliyf 1 J ' t 1 1 39 CLASS OF ’77 Cornelius Alexander Delois Alexander Gaymon Alexander George Allgood Jimmy Allgood Mary Alexander Ronnie Alexander I Susan Allgood Martha Raird ' Milton Banks 1 ■ rim Barbour Carolyn Baskervillc Wayne Baskervillc Antoinette Belton 1 Edith Bennett Sharon Berg Wanda Biedender Kevin Bishop Patricia Bishop Tim Bowers Andora Boyd Connie Boyd Shirley Boyd Mary Bracey Ronald Bradner Lisa Braswell Braxton Brown Carrie Brown John Brown Patricia Brown Eddie Bugg Vicki Carroll Kenneth Cassada Calvin Clary Charles Coleman Frank Coleman Pearl Coleman Mike Conner Patsy Connor Sylvester Cook Darlene Corum Paul Cox Glenn Creedle Marilyn Crenshaw Mike Crickenberger Bobby Hayes David Hendricks Marilyn Hite Ercell Holmes Brian Hood V. - David Horne Allen Hudgins Erica Hudson Lindale Jackson Margaret Jackson Michael Jackson Robert James David Javier Carolyn Jiggetts Willis Jiggetts Cindy Johnson JoAnn Johnson Calvin Jones Cephus Jones Jackie Jones Joyce Jones Norma Jones Reps Jones Wanda Jones Kuy Kelly Carl King Chris King Debra King Herbert King Levi King Kevin Crowder Dale Cutler Lawanna Dunson Carole Edmonds Perry Evans Queen Evans Dale Ezell Mona Ezell James Earrar Laverne Eeggins Tammy Eitdiett Mary Fletcher Shirley Fletcher Danny Frederick Kendall Gee Lucy George James Ghee Daniel Goodine Ricky Gosney Eleanor Gregory Bryant Flail Debra Hall John Hall Wanda Hall Dale Hardy Dorothy Harris Melody Harris Patricia Harris Romona Harris Tim Harris Dexter Reamey Susie Reese Vickie Reese Wanda Reese Debbie Reid Beverly Revis Gloria Rhoads James Rhoads Charles Robinson Clifton Robinson James Robinson Robin Robinson John Rose Tammy Russell Rosalind Sallie Pete Sanders Estelle Shearin Bernard Simmons Michael Simmons Sterling Simmons Jerry Smith John Smith Kenneth Sturdivant Sarah Sturdivant Carolyn Talley Bob Tanner Vivian Taylor Tyrell Terry Brenda niompson Edward Thompson I Linda King Wilbert Lambert Freddy Langhorn Anthony Luster David Lynch Warren Martin Nancy Matthews Patsy Mayer Joe McDowell Sandra McElroy Edna McFail Debby Melton Clifton Merritt Betty Minor Vantenia Montague Alan Mosely Sasan Moseley Donna Moss Karen Nanney Launa Ogburn Bubba Overton Charlotte Patterson Alma Parrish Margaret Parson D. J. Powell r Tim Powell Mary Pryor Shirley Pryor Lawrence Puryear Patricia Rainey Robert Thorne Everdean Tisdale Viola Tisdale John Tudor Eunice Valentine Nannie Valentine David VanName Wendy Vaughan Erin von Grab ill Darlene Walker Hazel Walker Kenneth Walker Pat Wall Becky Watkins Taylor Waston Robert Webb Thomas Wilkinson Daniel Williams Jody Williams Valerie Williams Wanda Winckler Warlisha Whisonant Martha White Joe Whitehead Steve Whitten Irene Whittle Gilbert Whittle Carl Wright David Wright James Wright IN MEMORIAM “The moment may be fleeting but our memory of it will endure for all time.” Michael Gearhart CLASS OF 78 48 Class Officers: President Frankie Crenshaw; Vice President Grace Macklin; Secretary Michael Sparkman, Treasurer Jeff Cleaton. Mary Alexander Odessa Alexander Paul Allgood Mark Amsberg Victor Burner Charles Baskerville Charles Baskerville Hannah Baskerville Shelia Baskerville Wallace Baskerville Samuel Bateman Beverly Bell diaries Bell Connie Bing Donna Blanton Janice Bowers John Bowers Patricia Boyce Sheryll Boyd William Boyd Albert Bracey Mike Bracey Beverly Brennan Corkey Brown Eulia Brown Richard Bugg Jimmy Callahan Delores Callis Becky Cantley Donna Cappaert ii Janet Carroll I Vickie Chapman 1 Carlton Chavis I Jake Chavis i I Kathy Chumney j Teresa Qaiborne Robert Clark Stevie Clark Jeff Cleaton Johnny Cleaton Sandra Gark Brenda Coleman Darry Coleman David Clark Gladys Cook Danny Corum Jeff Cox Mary Cox Terri Crawford Frankie Crenshaw Vincent Crenshaw Susan Croft Connie Crowder Brenda Crutchfield Pinkie Crute Willie Crute Ronnie Cypress Van Cypress Alice Davis Roy Davis C’onrad Dortch Darlene Dunson Ivy Dunson Bonnie Ldmonds Bernice Fvans Kenney I ' vans Tlireatha Evans Pat Ezell Herbert l- ' arrar John I ' arrar Patricia Feggins Richard I ' eggins Barry Ferguson Virginia l ields Claude Friend Jeanette Games Donnie Gentry Thomas Gittman Vincent Gr een Maggie Gregory Peggy Hale Emma Hardy Marsha Hardy James Hargrove Pearl Hargrove William Hargrove Gloria Harper Stanley Harper Anne Harris Grace Harris Robyn Harris Cynthia Hatcher Alvin Hayes Gwendolyn Hayes Sandra Hayes Reva Helms Garland Hendricks Thomas Hill Arnetta Holmes Calvin Holmes Doris Holmes Michael Horne Thomas Howell Glenn Hudson George Hutcheson Michael Hutcheson Patricia Jackson Martha Jessup Gladys Jiggetts Mamie Johnson McLensie Johnson Tommy Johnson Earline Jones Evelyn Jones Mike Jones Veronica Jones William Jones Myra Joyner Jeff Kidd Charles King Christopher King Debra King Delores King Edna King Dennis Kerby Alice Lambert Carl Lambert Robert Lambert Sam Lambert Louise l nston Tim I-egge David Lewis Doug Ix’wis llrenda Liles Denise Little Peggy I.owrey Barbara Lynn Alex Macklin Grace Macklin Barbara McKnight Gloria Merritte Mary Marrow Beth Martin Carolyn Martin Thomas Martin Johnny Minor Michael Mitchell Doris Montgomery Etta Montgomery Chris Moore Walter Morris Tammy Moseley Bill Neal Jeff Neal Bradley Odom Linda Overby Alvin Parham Mike Parham John Patton Diane Parrish Steve Parrot Barry Piercy Debbie Piercy Joyce Ann Piercy Dennis Pinnell Anthony Powell Calvin Powell Wilson Powell Roger Poythress Jackie Pryor Nathaniel Ragsdale Gary Reams Mary Reese Charles Reekes Andrew Robinson Carlnet Robinson Eddie Robinson Howard Robinson Lucy Robinson Dwayne Rogers Shirley Rogers Susan Royster Brenda Sallie Cynthia Shaw Katherine Shufford Elvia Simmons June Simmons Rosa Simmons Mary Small Debra Smiley Arventa Smith Curtis Smith Diane Smith Mike Sparkman Brenda Spraggins Willie Sturdivant Constance Suber Sue Sumpter Mike Smelley Emma Sydnor Otester Talley Janet Talley Penny Talley Renea Talley Bobby Taylor Crystal Terry James ' Terry Kenneth Thomas Libby Hiomas Mary Thomas } Vanessa Tliomas Ernie Thompson Rebecca Thompson Delores Tisdale Rebecca Tisdale Robert Tisdale Theresa Toms Claude Tucker Scott Tucker Patricia Vaughan Sharon Vaughan Charlie Walker Debra Walker Ella Walker Pamela Walker Richard Walker C. S. Watson Eric Weaver Johnny Weindel Mary Jane Wells George Whitehead Karen Williams Pamela Williams Russell Williams Solomon Williams Danny Wilson Ernest Wilson Sally Wilson Bernard Winn Becky Winstead 55 DAY ? ’ ■ ' ' J 1 1 lui j %i f V IjVI r i M 1 ‘ 1 1 J I P IP J 1 I Kathryn Shufford is crowned homecoming Queen by principal, Lewis F. Morris. HOMECOMING Kim Holt escorted by Brian Holt, sponsored by the FF A. Debra King escorted by Mickey Picrcy, sponsored by the Beta Club. 70 Toni Moore escorted by Richard Chidaster, sponsored by the SC A Elaine Mitchell escorted by Barry Carter, sponsored by the Yearbook Staff. Trudy Gentry escorted by Ernie Tanner, sponsored by the GAA Debbie Shoop escorted by John Ferguson, sponsored by the Senior Class. Patricia Talley escorted by Chuck Dortch, sponsored by the BAA Renee Talley escorted by Glenn Jones, sponsored by the FHA Betsy Connelly escorted by Douglas Ezell, sponsored by the Drama Club. Jackie Jones escorted by Andrew Davis, sponsored by the Junior Class. . . . THAT ALMOST WASN’T The tradition that the Junior class should show deference to the Senior class by giving them a prom is a long-held one at Park View. However, this Bicentennial year brought about a drastic change in this school activity. Time brings about changes in sentiment, spirit, and pride. Perhaps this factor contributed a great deal to the failure of the Junior class of 1976 to uphold its duties to the Senior class. However, the Senior class refused to accept the ultimate result; that is, a prom with no decorations. The long-held tradition was partially reversed; the Senior class provided the effort needed to produce decorations. The final week before the prom was filled with the hustle and bustle of last-minute decisions, themes, and preparations. Leftover streamers, crepe paper, and ornaments were utilized to a great extent, resulting in the transformation of the Park View gym into a “Spring Horizon.” SALUTE TO BROADWAY Betsy Connelly and Jeff Cleaton in a scence from WEST SIDE STORY. Debo Lawrence thrills the audience with the theme from CABARET. Beth Martin and Kevin Crowder perform “1 Loved You Once In Silence” from CAMELOT. Wilson Powell and the men from the Chorus sing “Old Man River” from the musical SHOW- BOAT. The chorus opens the show with the ever-popular song, “There’s No Business Like Show Business”. Alumnus Tony Allgood sings George M. Cohan’s famous tune, “I’m A Yankee Doodle Dandy.” “How To Handle A Woman” from the show CAMELOT is sung by alumnus Ed Taylor. Coraleen Thomas sings “Can’t Help Lovin’ That Man of Mine” from SHOW- BOAT. For the last time in their high school career, the seniors march into the gym to begin the commencement exercises. 11 ika”! SS iXl m) a|Llyjr_� HV.-AA 4 % kT GRADUATION 76 The concert choir bids the Seniors farewell with “The Impossible Oream” while Debo Lawrence advises “Climb Fvery Mountain.” Commencement speaker Trudy Gentry tells the graduating class to live “l ife With A Purpose. Senior Carl Baskerville informs the graduates that although they are leaving school, “I ' ducation Never T.nds.” The graduating class of 1976 lines up in the school halls to begin their procession into the gym. As always, there is some last-minute clowning around. After that long practice rehearsal on the hill, complete with carrying chairs up from the school, students had to graduate in the gym because of excessive rain. Junior ushers for graduation are Sharon Berg, Darlene Corum, Wanda Reese, and Debra King. 65 BELIEVED WPEA E N T THE WORLD HIS EXAMPLE? Johnny Thomas pushes hard to gain valuable yardage. Where’s the ball? HOMt OPP. 12 John Graham 0 6 Norlina High 14 26 Brunswick 0 26 Central 21 6 Randolph-Henry 17 12 Bluestone 12 12 Dinwiddle 30 6 Greenville 32 0 Nottoway 33 DRAGONS Sparkman receives another pass. Dragon Co-Captains pursue their enemy. M. Bacon, W. Bing, A. Bracey, M. Bracey, M. Callis, G. Creedle, K. Crowder, T. Dawson, J. Tarrar, D. Goodine, S. Haskins, G. Hicks, R. Jones, J. Kidd, !■ ' . Langhorn, C. Legge, M. Martin, J. Minor, M. Mitchell, W. Neal, J. Rhoads, J. Robinson, G. Sparkman, C. Taylor, J. Thomas, J. Weindel, J. Williams, D. Wilson, J. Cantley. The “DRAGONS” foolbal! squad was young, inexperienced, and small tliis year. There were a number of newcomers to tlie squad, and .some older and experienced players lost. The squad worked hard, but the youth and inexperience along with the many injuries they incurred hindered them greatly. Most of the contests they lost, were lost in the last few minutes of the games. 68 Confusion on Dragon I ' icld. Jones makes way for a tackle play. Hicks shows his footing. Hicks shows talent in pushing forward. The way looks clear for Dragon, Mike Dawson, to avoid the enemy. Dawson hustles to catch a pass. Dawson breaks away for touchdown. Hicks stumbles for the goal line. Watch my back! Dragons fight three-two odds. Anxious crowd aw ' aits outcome in the rain. Dragons show power against an offensive player. Crowder shows coaching strategies. Park View runner protects the ball. Goodine misses by seconds having an Park Views pulls down a Central Charger. DRAGONETTES Toni Moore and two Baronette players showjumping ability. Ix ' d by tri-captains Mary Allen, Trudy Gentry and Toni Moore the Dragonettes compiled an overall -6 record in district and tournament play. The team placed third in the district and in the tournament. Ellen Estes was named to the All-Tourna- ment team while Mary Allen and Trudy Gentry were chosen for the All-District team and the All-Tournament team. HOME OPP. 57 Brunsw ' ick 44 29 Central 24 47 R-H 41 47 Bluestone 49 56 Greensville 59 60 Nottoway 35 46 Brunswick 47 59 Central 39 51 R-H 52 57 Bluestone 50 54 Greensville 55 57 Nottoway 41 TOURNAMENT 64 Central 42 34 Bluestone 42 48 Brunswick 30 Mary Allen, Donna Cappaert, Ellen Estes, Trudy Gentry, Toni Moore, Connie Crowder, Anne Harris, Cathy Harris, Georia Merritte, Doris Montgomery, Debra Smiley, Carolyn Talley. Managers: Mary Harper and Ann Hatcher. Hands go up for the ball. Cathy struggles hard to obtain the ball. Donna says “Look at me; I had my Wheaties!” Toni is determined to keep a firm grip on the ball. Who will get the ball? Mary Allen tries for the basket. Debra Smiley goes for a two-hand shot. Up, Up, and Away! Trudy tries for 2. Cathy and Mary struggle for the ball as Ellen steps in to assist. Mary Allen goes up for two. Referee declares “jumpball” between Dragonette Ellen Estes and an unidentified Greensville player. Donna “kicks off” for a basket. Coach Pat Kibler gives the girls a few last minute pointers in a suspense-packed game. I Donna struggles for rebour.1 from Baron- ettes. Teeth clenched, Ellen mutters “That ball is mine!” Guarded by a Baronette, Mary shoots from the outside. Greensville refuses to give up the ball to Toni. in IH iK . i il X 5 m Dragonettes and Baronettes watch in suspense the progress of the ball. Mary grimaces as Greensville player falls on her. Who will get the ball? i PV Vance 36 74 Greenville 59 72 Vance 40 62 John Graham 60 78 Bluestone 49 54 John Graham 58 73 Central 81 70 Brunswick 63 89 Nottoway 49 58 Greenville 50 79 Randolph-Henry 79 74 Bluestone 62 85 Randolph-Henry 51 47 Central 51 73 Brunswick 55 76 A TEAM MEMBERS ARE: Earl Alexander, Jack Cantley, James Ghee, Tyrone Hicks, Chris King, Wilbert Lambert, Erederick Langhorn, Wilson Powell, Perry Pulley, Beverly Revis, Michael Simmons, Johnny Thomas. Park View’s A-team had an unsuccessful season despite tlie hard, diligent work of both the players and the coach. Most of the games were close, only a few points separating the two scores. Coach Martin discusses new play 74 Jack Cantley drives for two. A head-knocking conflict on court. I I P.V. Vance High 23 37 Greensville 49 39 Vance High 42 44 John (Graham 50 38 Bluest one 50 52 John Graham 57 55 Central 60 38 Brunswick 47 48 Nottoway 58 32 Greensville 65 61 Randolph-Henry 70 54 Bluestone 44 45 Randolph-Henry 62 43 Central 49 48 Brunswick 60 69 Nottoway 54 49 The B-team, consisting of all new members, liacl an exceptionally good year. Tlie team won ten games and lost only six, with five of the six games being lost by a total of six points. The team placed 3rd in the district. Chris King concentrates on his aim. An unidentified Cougar player practices ballet steps as David Louis tries for the basket. It’s two on one as James Ghee reaches for the ball. Will Powell succeed? Let’s hustle, boys! B TEAM MEMBERS ARE; Mark Amsberg, John Bowers, Mike Bracey, Herbert Farrar, Carl Lambert, Tim Legge, David Lewis, Chris King, Anthony Powell, Dwayne Rogers, Kenneth Thomas, Danny Wilson. The eye is on John Bowers. Chris King goes up for two. Simmons attempts a pass as the enemy moves in. There’s equal support from both teams. Opposing muscles strain for the ball. Wilbert Lambert hangs for two. 9th grader Kenny Williams watches the flight of the discus. I Albert Bracey checks the height of a hurdle. iiert Bracey takes to the air in the broad jump. Reps Jones makes it look easy as he clears the high jump bar. Mike Mitchell passes the baton to Albert Bracey in the mile relay. MEMBERS: E. Harrell, C. Coleman, D. Williams, T. Harris, S. Harper, E. Alexander, A. Bracey, B. Brown, E. Chavis, K. Crowder, J. Farrar, C. Friend, G. Hicks, C. Jones, R. Jones, C. King, F. Langhorne, J. Minor, M. Mitchell, W. Neal, T. Powell, A. Powell, M. Sparkman, C. Terry, J. Thomas, R. Walker, K. Walker, J. Williams, K. Williams, D. Wilson. Throwing the shot, Jody Williams strains for extra distance. Johnny Minor and Earl Alexander finish 1 and 2 in the 220 dash. Park View 4 7 7 4 0 9 5 4 3 5 0 5 13 Oppo nent Brunswick Gaston Bluestone Nottoway Greenville Central Brunswick Randolph- Henry Randolph- Henry Bluestone Nottoway Greenville Central 0 5 0 3 5 0 0 5 4 1 1 4 1 Mike hustles for a score. Mike Bracey scoops up the ball. Mike Dawson throws up his hands as Roger Poythress slides into home. Jack beirtg checked to first base. Mike Bracey holds the bat ready for a good pitch. Jerry shows his stretching ability at practice. Coach Crowder congratulates pitcher, Jerry Pulley, on fine performance. The expressions on those girl’s faces when they are at bat! Patsy Mayer experiences a moment of thoughtful solitude I’ve got it,” says Connie Crowder Brock concentrates on the game. Debbie Piercy attempts a bunt. Patsy Mayer and Mary Allen in serious confer- ence. Toni Moore receives congratulations for her homerun. Doris Montgomery helps Connie decide what to do with the ball. Park View Opponent 19 Brunswick 22 9 Bluestone 5 8 Brunswick 11 3 Greenville 5 9 Nottoway 27 10 Norlina 21 5 Greenville 35 12 Bluestone 5 13 Nottoway 7 7 Norlina 5 Mary Harper backs up Coach Kibler’s command. r b iil E ’ H la l m ml M ' 1 B 1 ' ORGANIZATIONS ] “When there is much to put in them, the day has a hundred pockets.” Federico Nietzsche 83 AUDIO VISUAL WORKERS The audio visual workers are an essential part of the function of important educational aids in the school. Under the direction of Mr. Best, they help the teachers by taping and showing educational programs to the classes. The audio visual workers are: Penny Talley, Cheryl Boyd, Donald Patillo, Arnold Patillo, Pete Saunders, Martha White, Eddie Bugg, and Donna Capparaert. GUIDANCE WORKERS The guidance workers assist Mrs. Harris in her many responsi- bilities as guidance counselor. They are responsible for locating and checking out vocational and college material for students. They also complete and file paper work and help with the scheduling of classes. The guidance workers are: Pam Moss, Elaine Mitchell, Darlene Reese, Connie Solomon, Donna Moss, Robin Waid, Lanette Smith, Jeanette Bracey. LIBRARY WORKERS The library assistants are responsible for various jobs, such as checking out and shelving books and helping students locate informa- tion. The members, under the direction of Mrs. Freeman, are: Donna Capparaet, Penny Talley, Erica Hudson, Susan Allgood, Donald Patillo, Irving Brown, Mary Harper, Brenda Bentley, Betty Crowder, Arnold Patillo, Linda Carrillo. OFFICE WORKERS The responsibilities of the office helpers are important to the principal and his secretaries. They make intercom announcements, answer the phone, make coffee for their superiors, run errands, and type. The office workers arc: Sandra Beck, Gail Picrcy, Bonnie Poy- thress, Patricia Bishop, Wanda Mosely, Lisa Braswell, Debra Hall, Debby Shoop, Delores Alexander, Lacy Howerton, Joyce Jones, Patrice Alexander, Martha White, Arnold Patillo, Donald Patillo, Eddie Bugg, Donna Capparaet. 84 i V A ■ n ■ CHEERLEADERS Sponsored by Miss McAlevy, the cheerlead- ers spread scliool spirit throughout the year. They cheered at the football and basketball games to support the members of the teams. In addition they also participated in the annual parades. The cheerleaders are: Patricia Talley, Tammy Russell, Hrin von CJrabill, Karen Nanney, Shirley Rogers, Marsha Hardy, Penny Talley, and Beth Martin. DRAMA CLUB Carl Baskerville Joseph Whitehead Betsy Connelly Lisa Braswell Viola Tisdale Elvia Simmons Jeff Cleaton Ramona Harris Kem Overby Debra Hall Donna Moss Erica Hudson The Drama Club, directed by Mrs. Smith, participated in the One-Act Play Festival held at Longwood College in Farmville and received an Excellent rating. They presented a Christmas play, “Just What They Wanted”, and sponsored a Witch and Warlock contest and the 50’s Day. 85 BAND Members of Park View’s Band learned discipline and diligence from their new director, Mr. Harris, as he encouraged them through innumerable practices. After playing at football games and marching in the Harvest Festival Parade, they presented a Christmas and a Spring concert. To stimulate interest in the organization, the members gave a program to the elementary school children. Their last performance of the year was held at the graduation exercises. R. Alexander T. Barbour C. Coleman V. Crenshaw P. Evans L. Farrar A. Luster J. McDowell D. Patillo H. Ragsdale J. Rose S. Whitten C. Wright S. Baskerville F. Crenshaw M. Hardy G. Harris S. Rogers D. Walker C. Friend C. Jiggets W. Powell Q. Evans B. Wilson D. Prestley R. Jiggets Z. Jones COLOR GUARD 86 Wallace Baskerville Curtis Smith Cephus Jiggetts Thomas Kersey Charles Dortch Curtis Fuller Jeffrey Cleaton Vincent Green Warren Martin Wilson Powell Wanda Davis Patricia Talley Jackie Jones Ramona Harris Warlisha Whisonant Adlaide Alexander Joan Russell Malinda Alston Yvonne Greene Tam mi Russell Coraleen Thomas Debra Smiley Vanessa Thomas Gloria Merritte CONCERT CHOIR Under the direction of Miss Lawrence the Concert Choir was involved in many activities during the school year. They attended the tryouts for the Regional and All-State Choir in Petersburg where Thomas Kersey was awarded first tenor in the All-State Choir. They performed at the different schools in South Hill and they also gave a Spring concert for the public. SCA L. Howerton W. Baskerville E. Mitchell D. Glasscock B. Walker Y. Greene C. Dortch W. Vaughan D. Moss L. Feggins D. Corum E. Hudson E. Tisdale S. Berg S. McElroy E. Walker J. Cleaton P. Keesee D. Piercy L. Crenshaw B. Martin K. Evans M. Jessup E. Simmons R. Talley C. Boyd The SCA carried out several activities to enhance their school and community rela- tions. To begin the year they held a used book sale. The members collected canned goods and bought a turkey to distribute to a needy family during Thanksgiving. To benefit the girls softball team and the track team they sponsored a talent show. They also sold candy to help send two SCA members to the State Convention in Harrisonburg. The SCA was directed by Miss Smith. 87 DEBATE AND FORENSICS Both the affirmative and negative teams placed second in the District competition held by Longwood College, making the team eligible for the Regional competition where both sides place first. Under the guidance of Mrs. Anna Robinson, team members are: Ricky Javier, David Javier, Eddie Bugg, Sally Wilson, Elvia Simmons, Robin Croft, and Chris Moore. Under the capable direction of Mrs. Robinson, the Forensics Team proved to be talented as the following members placed in the District Regional and State competitions; Robin Croft . . . Boys Poetry . . . District ... 1st Regional ... 1st State . . . 2nd Charlotte Dortch . . . Girls Poetry . . . District . . . 2nd Regional ... 1st Darlene Reece . . . Girls Oratory . . . District . . . 2nd Regional . . . 2nd Dorothy Marx . . . Girls Extemporaneous . . . District . . . 3rd Ricky Javier . . . Boys Extemporaneous . . . District . . . 2nd Other participants were Ramona Harris, Pamela Leonard, Steve Whitten and Samuel Bateman. Scott Wright Susan Jessup Mary Harper Cathy Harris Toni Moore Trudy Gentry Betty Crowder Brenda Bentley Linda Carrillo Tim Harris Barbara Lynn Darlene Walker Jeff Cleaton Carl Baskerville Sharon Berg Chris Moore Llaine Mitchell Brenda Coleman Donna C ' apparaet Beth Martin Alice Wilson 88 BETA CLUB Pam Keesee Lina Sue Crowder Dorothy Marx Rugena Jones Phil Medlin, Jr. Alvin Parham Robin Waid Pam Moss Ronald Bradner Carolyn Jiggetts C ' ynthia Corum Karen Nanncy Wanda Reece Kendall (Jee John Ro.se Debra King I ' .rin von Grabill Lvcrdean Tisdale Susan Moseley Bonnie Poythress During the year the Beta Club sponsored a concert by Joe McDowell and John Rose. They also performed two puppet shows at the R. T. Arnold Library. The members gave a book scholarship to a graduating Beta (Mub senior and continued their support of a memorial book shelf. I J. Bowers P. Harris T. Smith S. Royster S. Harris r. Russell M. Thomas W. Jones 1). Bell B. V instead G. Feggins 1). Tucker D. Jiggetts S. Ciaines R. Liles J. Talley M. Goode D. Little L. Wright V. Harris D. Harris R. Hayes S. Baskerville J. Games S. Shaw C. Brown 1). Walker B. Fdmonds 1 ' . Cypress C. Shaw 1). Dunson P. Hargrove P. Walker T. Crawford L. Harper B. Liles M. Sumpter A. Lambert A. Boyd P. Conner D. Melton M. Davis C. Corum G. Merritte A. Smith S. Allgood D. Montgomery B. Minor D. King F. Parrish S. Moseley S. Sturdivant D. Glasscock S. Reese C. Hatcher F. Sydnor V. Taylor R. Helms P. Talley P. Hale N. Matthews V. Thomas I ' . Shearin D. Allgood S. Watson B. Walker M. Alexander . Whisonant M. Baird B. Chavis C. Talley M. Bracey J. Ferguson S. Vaughan O. Brown L. Williams D. Blanton V. Carroll W. Hall P. Winckler J. Davis FHA I ' nder the excellent direction and supervision of Mrs. Martin and Mrs. Dabney, many MIA students learned various things about managing a household which will be of great help to them in the future. FFA The FFA is the national organization made up of all students enrolled in agriculture. Through active participation, members learn how to conduct and take part in public meetings, to speak in public, to finance themselves through cooperative work. D. Williams W. Boyd H. Ragsdale C. Merritte J. Robinson M. Smelley T. Wilkinson C. Alexander R. Alexander J. Callahan V. Barner P. Winstead J. McCoy J. Parrott F. Panther C. Baskerville G. Hendricks J. Callahan D. Coleman R. Williams G. Allgood J. Allgood W. Bing E. Alexander P. Cox R. Horne H. King J. Mayo J. Russell B. Revis K. Sturdivant W. Sturdivant D. Hardy M. Arrington M. CaUis J. Cantley C. Cole T. Edmonds A. Kimball W. Macklin J. Pulley M. Seward R. Thomason M. Banks K. Bishop T. Cox D. Ezell J. Ghee T. Gittman C. Coleman D. Goodine R. Gosney B. Hall J. Evans A. Jones C. Jones L. Puryear J. Smith T. Terry J. Tudor J. Hall L. Jackson D. Reamey K. Townes J. Cleaton L. Jackson J. Harrison M. Johnson M. Dawson J. Williams J. Ashworth W. Crute V. Cypress C. Dortch G. Estes C. Friend G. Hutcheson B. Holmes M. Johnson J. Chavis C. King C. Lambert R. Thorne L. Evans R. Jones C. King W. Rogers J. Pearce W. Townes T. Davis R. Davis D. Kirby W. Morris R. Rogers C. Walker R. Walker R. Watson R. Clary D. Corum C. Chavis K. Evans L. Farrar C. Holmes S. Lambert J. Minor J. Neal B. Watson C. Reeks 89 YEARBOOK The yearbook staff was plagued by many things this year. Deadlines were missed, pictures didn’t turn out, and the well-meaning but absent-minded advisor misplaced numerous important items. All of this was blamed on the invisible creature, Mulveighney. Mulveighney, the ever-present, hard-working staff member, was in charge of the Department of Disasters. Residing in the file cabinet, he thrived on lists, slide rules, and photographs. Directed by Mr. Kemp, members were Ann Hatcher, Becky Watkins, Cathy Harris, Susan Jessup, Linda Carrillo, Toni Moore, Robin Waid, Pamela Moss, and Philip Medlin, Jr. 90 ADVERTISEMENTS 91 i THE SOUTH HILL PUBLISHING COMPANY INC. Publishers of THE ENTERPRISE Typewriters Portable Manual Calculators Adding Machines Office Products School Supplies 914 West Danville Street, South Hill, Virginia 92 447-3178 BRIAN ' S STEAK HOUSE Located next to Econo-Travel Lodge U.S. 58 East and Interstate 85 South Hill, Virginia 23970 Emmett Williams Jr. Owner-Manager Phone: 447-301 PROFFITT LUMBER COMPANY INC. Highway 1 and 58 South South Hill 447-7191 VERNON ' S JEWELRY 12 South Mecklenburg Avenue South Hill, Va. Phone: 447-8646 Radio 4 T. V, Sales 4 Service l G 1 MOTOROLA tH L.C. MVNFORO mIcV TRI-TOWN Heating — Air Conditioning — Refrigeration South Hill, Va. Petroleum Marketers Since 1928 South Hill, Virginia 23970 POWELL ONE HOUR MARTINIZING The Most in Dry Cleaning 202 East Atlantic Street South Hill, Virginia 23970 Phone 447-3662 THE DOLLAR MART 1 12 West Danville Street South Hill, Virginia 93 W.S. PEEBLES and COMPANY DEPARTMENT STORE “Most For Your Money” Two Big Floors To Serve You South Hill, Va. SCHEWEL FURNITURE COMPANY Your Home Should Come First For Fine Furniture 219 W. Danville St. South Hill, Va. QUEENS PAINT AND WRIGHT’S BODY SHOP UPHOLSTERY C. P. Wright Owner BOB MARTIN’S FLOWER NOOK Rebuild Wrecks Glass Replacement DANIEL’S MARKET ] 225 W. Virginia St. 639 W. Danville Street Upholstering and Highway 1 58 South P. O. Box 566 Phone 447-4991 Phone 447-8484 Painting South Hill South Hill, Va. 23970 South Hill, Va. 613 W. Danville Street Virginia Mon.-Fri. 8:00-5:00 Mon. night 7:00-9:00 447-4242 94 South Hill CANNON CHRYSLER DODGE LOCATED AT 1 12 West Danville Street 447-3115 South Hill Weldon Callis THE NAVY LOOKS BETTER EVERY DAY Today, when you join the Navy, you’re not only WELDON CALLIS well paid, and well trained, you’re well dressed, too. The Navy’s new enlisted men’s uniform is one of the good examples. It reflects the modern Navy. It’s just one of the ways the Navy keeps pace with changing times. Some of the others include better COMPANY pay and benefits. And some of the best training available in sophisticated fields like electronics, com- 515 Franklin Street South Hill, Virginia puters, and nuclear propulsions. For information about all the challenging oppor- tunities in the Navy, contact your local Navy re- cruiter. Bill Lockhart Heating — Wiring 215 S. Mecklenburg Ave. South Hill, Va. 23970 447-8300 BE SOMEONE SPECIAL. JOIN THE NAVY Air Conditioning Service 95 CREWS FUNERAL HOME 828 North Mecklenburg Avenue South Hill, Virginia 23970 Phone 447-3213 NATIONAL SELECTED MORTICIANS Member By Invitation DEPARTMENT STORE “Your Happy Shopping Store” Phone: 447-3108 South Hill’s Largest and Most Modern Dept. Store South Hill, Va. Compliments of Compliments of SCHRIVER’S SHEFFIELD’S HINES SUPERMARKET Best Food in the South South Hill Virginia 4 miles South of South Hill on 58 JEFFREYS LAMBERT HARDWARE CO. South Hill Virginia UNITIZED SYSTEMS COMPANY INCORPORATED P. O. Box 626 South Hill, Va. Come In and Service is our Browse Around V� MARDWAQ6 stores First Thought Modular Systems for Education, Housing, and Industry INGRAM TIRE AND RECAPPING COMPANY Goodyear Distributor Compliments of THOMPSON’ TEXACO Compliments of Harold Bean, Owner Guaranteed tires at reasonable prices Seeing is believing South Hill, Virginia TAS-T-O DONUTS South Hill, Va. A.T. CALLIS MASONRY Compliments of EVANS’ GROCERY Rt. 1 Bracey, Va. Groceries Fishing Equipment Gas WATKINS DRUG COMPANY Earle Watkins and Tommy Walker Phone:447-3417 South Hill, Va. CONSTRUCTION and PICKUP TRUCK CAMPER COVERS SALE South Hill, Va. Phone: 447-4405 97 South Hill, Virginia CARVER FURNITURE COMPANY, INC. “We furnish the home complete” Motorola T.V. Appliances Store No. 1 447-4764 Store No. 2 447-3996 South Hill COMPLIMENTS OF SOUTHSIDE DEPT. STORE Brodnax, Va. 23920 FARRAR’S FUNERAL HOME South Hill, Va. POWELL-COVINGTON Florist Gift Shoppe 122 N. Mecklenburg Ave. South Hill, Va. 447-3985 CONGRATULATIONS W. H. CROWDER SONS 128 S. Mecklenburg Avenue South Hill, Va. COMPLIMENTS OF LUCKY’S DAIRY BAR South of John H. Kerr Dam COMPLIMENTS of NEAL’S TEXACO RECORDS TAPES SOUTH HILL MUSIC CO., INC. POSTERS JEWELRY South Hill, Va. COMPLIMENTS of Interstate 85 U.S. 58 South Hill, Va. STEPHEN E. WATKINS INSURANCE AGENCY tour WLp,,J,n, lnu rsmt K ACINT Phone 447-3544 South Hill, Va. 98 COMPLIMENTS of MOSS’S GROCERY IVi miles South of John H. Kerr Dam COMPLIMENTS of GARLAND DRUG COMPANY South Hill MARTHA ' S Congratulations GRADUATES South Hill, Va. CROWDER HOLLOWAY FOR THE BEST IN RADIO General Insurance Box 156 South Hill, Va. Phone: 447-3434 AT KERR LAKE shop COLONY HOUSE CAMP STORE Texaco Fishing Products Camping Souvenirs Supplies WE TRY TO GIVE ALL OUR CUSTOMERS FAST AND FRIENDLY SERVICE “THE ENTERTAINERS” WJWS - WSHV South Hill, Va. HARPER JEWELRY COMPANY Reliable Goods Guaranteed Repairs 447-3777 Watches — Diamonds — China — Silverware “It Pleases Us to Please You” PLUMBING HEATING AND COOLING Wholesale Distributors South Hill, Va. 447-3194 99 Ford KINDLEY FORD SALES INCORPORATED Phone: 447-3 1 33 South Hill, Va. Torino — Thunderbird — Mercury — Pinto — Cougar — Montego — Granada PEPSI COLA BOTTLING COMPANY South Hill, Va. 447-3750 Bottlers of Pepsi Cola Teem Mountain Dew Dr. Pepper Diet Pepsi Suncrest Nugrape 100 Join the Pepsi People . . . feeling free OAKLEY ' S South Hill, Va. Congratulations The sign of easy banking. Serving Virginia South Hill, Va. THE CITIZEN ' S BANK INCORPORATED South Hill, Virginia MEMBER OF FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM MEMBER OF FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION i I I 102 SOUTHERN VIRGINIA MOVING STORAGE 400 W. Danville Street South Hill, Va. Phone: 804-447-3889 F. E. WATKINS MOTOR CO., INC. Oldsmobile — Chevrolet Dealer Chevrolet Trucks and All Type Bodies Phone 447-31 11 TRUCK CENTER 447-7151 BIG TEE BURGER FAMILY RESTAURANT Featuring Tastee Freez 703 E. Atlantic St. South Hill, Va. 447-7073 103 MONTGOMERY DRUG COMPANY Fast, efficient delivery service, Prescriptions over-the-counter medicines The Health Center on The Corner Phone: 447-3210 South Hill, Va. COMPLIMENTS of HOLLOWAY ELMORE INSURANCE AGENCY South Hill, Va. Ti ' Jiii ' m GENERAL OFFICES SOUTH HILL, VA. Servicing Your Petroleum needs Insurance Agency since 1935 South Hill, Va. GOODE’S COMPLIMENTS SPORTWEAR of For the girl who THE cares DAIRY About the suit she HART wears Ice Cream Sandwiches 447-8394 South Hill, Va. South Hill, Virginia COMPLIMENTS OF CLARK’S GROCERY 1 mile south of John H. Kerr Dam on Route 1 JIGGETT’S 76 Spirit of 76 603 W. Danville St. South Hill, Va. BOOSTERS MADAM EDEN — SOUTH HILL, VA. WILSON’S FLOOR SHOP INC. — SOUTH HILL, VA. 104 All men who have come to know liberty celebrate it. Each generation learns that it can be lost through neglect and complacency. Today we ' salute two hundred years of vigilant independence for these United States of America. TM “We cannot, I fear, falsify the pedigree of this fierce people, and persuade them that they are not sprung from a nation in whose veins the blood of freedom circulates. ” Edmund Burke 1766 British Stamp Tax Seal 1765 If one were to isolate a single incident which precipitated colonial America’s struggle for in- dependence, it would be the Stamp Act of 1765. If there was a point of no return, it occurred with the “Olive Branch” petition of 1775. This ten-year period marked a time in which a nation was fash- ioned, forged in the heat of frustration on the anvil of the North American continent. An overwhelming problem facing the British Crown in the 1760’s was the financial strain placed upon the English people — a strain furthered, in part, by the maintenance of British troops in the American colonies. The steady expansion westward called for even more troops to protect and secure this new land. Rebellious Stripes Flag In 1765, by royal proclamation. King George III closed all land west of the Alleghenies to further immigration and expansion. Parliament, in order to force the colonies “to pay their fair share” for protection, passed the Stamp Act. Although this tax on documents and legal papers amounted only to £60,000 a year, there was instant outcry from the colonies against this internal tax. Many felt that it was one more burden in a list of repressive acts by the Crown. Fear also existed among English creditors that colonial merchants and planters could not meet their debts and pay this additional tax as well. The seeds of discontent were spreading through the colonies farther and faster than anyone ex- pected. New problems of enforcing the taxes, conducting trials, and meting out punishments all brought further alarm. In Boston, Phila- delphia, New York, Charleston, and even in Williamsburg, apprehension began to run high. In a fiery speech before the House of Burgesses May 29, 1765, months before the Stamp Act was to go into effect, Patrick Henry “shook the spire of the Capitol” with his verbal assault against the Crown. Many cautious men who heard it, including a young lawyer named Vhen in the course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political i Olive Branch Petition 1 775 j m er rK tyemrue nj. i k l g sr U • ' ' � • V 4 ' t r 4ia r 4tte -4VM tA 4 c mtt itC tmA AAtnlt fjf ' JfCy e yf wM 4 4 4£r AikM � Wff 0 yMit rtertm . MbKM , Xirfy6dr yrfT yi A j Af(Ht 4 f 0tm pt0p risjCt — -.r ._ . AmA i ' ’ 4w 4BS , ri£ 6U(9 !fc� X� AaS� « � 5 jfr mm JtC J trre gAM ti 9tM0y 4 An 4Ci X , • w An eA$tM rj � y Aj it ir Xwww � y j tA M4� at ' f � K ' tu4A « .% X} � y « •W ' Xtr ■ACrjf tn 4,y Miyr fytjf f tj ' rA Arftn MfttueAfj «Md iC nn A itfmt Thomas Jefferson, suggested that “Patrick had come close to treason.” In small groups Virginians began to meet at the Raleigh Tavern and the Bruton Parrish Church to form a resolution. With the help of a colonel from Mount Vernon, George Washington, they framed the Virginia Resolutions. Before long all the colonies were adopting resolves, re- fusing “taxation without representation.” The spring of 1766 saw the repeal of the Stamp Act. But King George, fearing that other British territories would follow America’s lead and refuse to pay their taxes, decided to make an example of the American colonies “by putting them in their place.” ‘ Every man in England seems to consider himself as a piece of a sovereign over America. ” Benjamin Franklin 1767 In place of an internal tax, external taxes were levied on such goods as lead, glass, paper, paint and tea. Several other acts, among them the Townshend Act, levying duties and permitting the search and seizure of property, soon became the law. Local government was giving way to control by “men paid by the Crown.” Grand Union Flag ids which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the scji i “Caesar had his Brutus, Charles the First his Cromwell, and George the Third may profit by their example. If this be treason, make the most of it!” Patrick Henry 1765 In 1769, George Washington, in an address to the House of Burgesses, called for a set of re- solves which stated “only Virginians could tax Virginians.” Soon Virginia joined Massachusetts in an importation agreement. The colonies showed unity by boycotting English goods. Through the years of 1767-69, tensions seethed just below the surface. Most of the trouble occurred in the port cities and surrounding areas. The press became more unified and more outspoken for colonial rights. ' tZ rvJ By the spring of 1770, after the tally sheets of British merchants showed a strong decline in revenue, the Townshend Act died. All that re- mained was a small tax on tea. The American patriots still were not satisfied. Skirmishes be- tween the “Sons of Liberty” and British troops garrisoned in Boston, New York, and Phila- delphia would occasionally break out, but not until March 5, 1770, was the real spark ignited. A British sentry was standing his post that night in front of the Commons House in Boston while local toughs taunted him. Several other guards came to assist him and soon the mob had grown to considerable size. A shot was fired and, before order was restored, several colonials were dead or wounded. What soon became known as the “Boston Massacre” was a signal fire to militant radicals like Samuel Adams of Boston. Fanning the flames wherever and when- ever possible, the rebels kept alive the spirit of independence. England remained antagonistic to the cause of independence during 1771-72, steering a middle course with the colonies, trying for some reason- able solution. During this time, however, the Sons F arate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them, a decent r not all of the problems and questions of the colonies were being forwarded to Parliament; hence the many miscalculations created by the absence of proper information could not be (cat- egorically) placed at the door of Parliament. of Liberty continued to e.xchange ideas through the efforts of the Committee of Correspondence. Formed by Samuel Adams, the Committee used post riders to deliver pamphlets and letters deal- ing with the latest British offenses, and the newest hopes for colonial freedom. One of the best of these riders was the Boston silversmith, Paul Revere. Meanwhile, Benjamin Franklin, Deputy Post- master General, was in England trying patiently to work out the problems between the Crown and the colonies. It was here that he came into possession of some letters which indicated that House of Burgesses Bruton Parrish Church £ct to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to th I I “Military power will never awe a sensible American tamely to surrender his liberty. ” Samuel Adams 1768 In 1773, the British Parliament again blundered, but for the last time. To assist the financially troubled East India Company, England gave it an exclusive monopoly on tea imports to the colonies. This sanctioned monopoly, combined with the tea tax still in effect, fanned the flames of revolt. As ships arrived, the patriots held “tea parties.” In Boston, Sam Adams organized 1 50 men, disguised as Indians, to dump 342 chests of tea into the harbor in protest of the tax. c«ukt M tW Cobtita jaa. or |4« «tk]r HcftdilAry $occcCm. Independence Hall — Philadelphia This act was repeated in other colonial ports and was, according to the British, “the most wanton and unprovoked insult offered to a civil power . . . recorded in history.” King George 111 knew what had to be done: “Suppress the revolt with troops, do not negotiate, make America obey.” The line had been drawn and the llames assumed the proportions of an inferno. In the fall of 1774, delegates from every colony journeyed to Philadelphia to form the First Continental Congress. The time had finally arrived to display some unity of purpose. Philadelphia, a booming city of 30,000, greeted her visitors with the jubilant sound of pealing church bells. After much arguing and heated debate on pro- teparation. We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equalJt 1 I cedures and voting rights, Patrick Henry jumped to his feet, saying, “Let free men be represented by numbers alone . . . there are no distinctions HERE ... I am not a Virginian, I am an Ameri- can.” The Congress put forth a set of resolutions similar to Massachusetts’ “Suffolk Resolves,” stating colonial rights to life, liberty and property, the rights to free assembly and exclusive power to determine taxation and internal policy. Thirteen acts of Parliament were declared illegal. Eco- nomic boycotts were to be brought against England, until such time of their repeal. All future imports from England were to cease! During the winter months of 1774, tension ran high in Boston. More and more of King George’s troops arrived. As cold weather also arrived, it became impractical for the troops to quarter on the Commons. General Thomas Gage, the British Commander, tried to hire labor to build huts, but to no avail. Unemployment was high, the British wages good but few Bostonians responded with any spirit of cooperativeness. Keeping up the troops’ morale was difficult, so marches were made across the bay to “the interior.” On one such march, American arms and powder were confiscated by the British at Cambridge and Charlestown; the reaction to these forays was the organization of the Com- mittee of Safety. John Hancock, a wealthy merchant and shipper, was selected to head the group. The Committee was given the power to call out the militia — of the entire colony if necessary — at any sign of it they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life 0 distress. Each unit of men had a few who were subject to instant call. They were designated “Minutemen.” The Committee set about pro- curing arms and provisions for up to 15,000 militiamen, choosing Concord as a suitable depot because of its distance from the British troops in Boston. The spring of 1775 brought British retaliation with new acts forbidding the colonies to trade anywhere except with England or the British West Indies. New England fishing boats were forbidden to fish the North Atlantic waters. General Gage now faced the difficult task of enforcing these new acts of Parliament while at the same time trying to pacify the Massachu- setts colony an obviously impossible task. The concern of the Committee of Safety was soon Infantry Soldier From 1775 Training Manual For Continental Army berty and the pursuit of Happiness — That to secure these rights. Governments are instituted ar “Perhaps I do not go too far when 1 say that next to the introduction of Christianity among mankind, the American Revolution may prove the most important step in the progressive course of Human improvement. ” Richard Price 1770 aroused by the large troop movements being made outside Boston, and arrangements were made with patriots to warn the Committee if at any time more than 500 British troops left the city’s garrison. On the night of April 18, 1775, Paul Revere, was awakened and warned of British activities. While being rowed across Charles Harbor, Revere looked for and found his signal two lanterns in the spire of Old North Church, the sign that the British were moving in force, by water. Revere’s main objective was to warn John Hancock and Sam Adams, who were staying in the Hancock-Clarke House in Lexington. After doing so he joined William Dawes and Samuel Prescott; soon they were ambushed by a British patrol and Revere was captured. He was later released without his horse. By that time, how- ever, others had warned “every Middlesex village and farm.” General Gage’s men were not in the best of moods: being aroused soon after going to bed, rowing across the Charles river, disembarking into knee deep water and standing for two hours in the cold night before marching off to Lex- ington-Concord had made them anxious, to say Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. — That whenever any form Old North Church The Minutemen waiting in the grey dawn along the road into Concord had just received the news of Lexington Green when they saw the approach of the scarlet-coated British troops. The Ameri- cans withdrew to a hill to watch the British move into Concord. Major Pitcairn ordered the troops to secure the town and search for hidden arms. Three companies were sent to hold the North Bridge. From the hill the Americans saw smoke and presumed the town was being put to the torch. They marched on to North Bridge. This time there was no doubt who fired the first shot. In defense of the bridge, the British fired a charge of volleys; the first American to be killed at Concord was Issac Davis. The fire was most accurately returned, and soon the British were routed. As they began falling back, fresh patriots were arriving from distant places to replace others who “ran out of powder and went home.” Considering the number of shots fired, the casu- alties were relatively few; only 72 soldiers were killed of the more than 2,000 men who had been fired upon. the least. All night long the sounds of bells ringing in the distance and men running through the woods kept them on edge. Arriving in the early morning on Lexington Green under the com- mand of Captain John Pitcairn, the British troops faced two companies of Minutemen commanded by Captain John Parker. The situation was not promising for the Ameri- cans, so Captain Parker ordered his troops to disband. Major Pitcairn, meanwhile, ordered his men to form a line but “on no account to fire or even attempt it without orders.” Who fired the first shot will never be known, but after the skirmish was over, 8 American patriots lay dead. The remaining militia scattered and the British marched on to Concord. wovernment becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish ij I The events of April 19, 1775 ushered a new order into America. The cautious, the moderate, the conservative elements joined with the extreme and the liberal to form a common bond. They promised to defend each other with “their lives and their fortunes.” June 17, 1775, the first major encounter between British and American forces occurred above Charlestown, across the river from Boston. The Americans intended to entrench on Bunker Hill, but, in the dark, they mistakenly dug into Breed’s Hill, a position closer to the water and therefore to the British gunboats. Later it was called “The Battle of Bunker Hill,” even though little fighting took place there. The War had begun! Soon the colonies of North and South Carolina were raising money and troops to join the cause. The most immediate action, however, came from Massachusetts ' northern neighbors: from Con- necticut, Israel Putnam brought 3,000 men, in- cluding the Governor ' s own foot guards led by Benedict Arnold; Rhode Island sent troops com- manded by handsome Nathaniel Green; New Hampshire sent the old Indian fighter Colonel John Stark with a force of “rugged men.” By mid-May these new troops formed the New England Army. In Boston General Gage waited patiently and passively for the hour of conflict. It came on May 10, 1775, with an assault on old Fort Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain. Ethan Allen and his Green Mountain Boys, assisted by Benedict Arnold and some Connecticut troops, quickly overran the small British garrison; al- though the fort itself was situated on a “useless piece of land,” within lay a vast array of artillery. id to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its pow “Yes, we must indeed all hang together or most assuredly we shall all hang separately. ” Benjamin Franklin 1776 Poor planning also sent them with no provisions for food or extended ammunition. Early in the morning General Gage ordered the gunboats to lay seige to the Hill. After an all morning shelling, the city of Charlestown was ablaze, and even seasoned troops would have been justified in giving ground. The green American troops re- mained, however, forcing the British troops to cross the Charles River and begin a frontal assault. Three times the Americans repelled the attack; finally, having spent their ammunition, they re- treated across the small neck of the Peninsula to the safety of the mainland. It had been a costly lesson for the British; of the 2,300 men in the assault, 1,054 were dead or wounded. Had the British chosen to cut off the retreat route, it would have been a costly blow to the American cause; however, governed as they were by the gentlemanly tradition of warfare they had known in countless wars with the French, the English chose instead to gallantly assault the en- trenched Americans from the front. As a result, the British marched with honor to defeat. If vic- tory was ever to be theirs, English generals would have to alter their tactics. On the same day in Philadelphia the Second Continental Congress also made history. John Adams presented before the delegates his “Grand Plan” for a Continental Army, consisting of sol- diers from every colony. He went on to nominate Colonel George Washington as its commanding general. Discussion lasted two days before Thomas Jeffer- son, presiding that day as head of the Congress, was asked to inform George Washington, Esq. of “the unanimous vote ... to be Commanding Gen- eral and Commander-in-Chief of the forces to be raised in defense of American liberty.” Washington, concerned about his inexperience with such an “extensive and important trust,” accepted the responsibility with humility and some reservation. “As no pecuniary considera- tion could have tempted me to have accepted this arduous employment . . .,” he stated, “1 do not wish to make a profit from it.” The Congress made one final effort in July, 1775, to settle the differences between the Crown and the colonies. The “Olive Branch” petition, as it was called, was signed by 25 of the same men who a year later would sign the Declaration of Inde- pendence. King George refused to see the bearer of this document, William Penn ' s grandson, Richard. s in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, eed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transier General Washington worked through the fall of ’75, reviewing his military assets and liabilities. He visited the various commanders and built con- fidence in his “chain of command.” Recruiting was difficult because many had enlisted for only eight months and would have to be talked into re-enlisting. The only arms they had were their personal rifles. The present extent of Washing- ton’s artillery was that captured from the British at Ticonderoga, 300 wilderness miles away from Boston where it was needed. During the December 31st attack on the citadel city of Quebec, a devastating defeat was suffered by the American armies in the north and many fine troops were wasted in the deadly cold and snow. General Richard Montgomery was killed and Colonel Benedict Arnold was wounded. It was a demoralized force that retreated back through the ice and snow down the St. Lawrence to old Fort Ticonderoga that January, and only through the courage displayed by Arnold were they able to persevere. Later that spring the Brit- ish sent a flotilla with additional men into Canada. In Boston, General Howe quietly replaced Gen- eral Gage as British Commander. While Boston lay blockaded to the East, and the Northern armies of Benedict Arnold licked their wounds and tried to regroup after defeat, the Con- tinental Congress debated what the next course of action should be for the colonies in their relation- ship with England. Here for the first time the thoughts John Adams had voiced were articulated in every day language for everyone to read. An attack on the very institution of Royalty, “Common Sense” helped promote the idea of independence as a concept to be sought by all people. Early in the spring of 1776, King George’s mes- sage to Parliament reached the colonies. The few remaining conservative elements in Congress who believed a reconciliation was possible were most disturbed. The colonies’ protest for rights was labeled a “desperate conspiracy to establish an independent empire.” England hired mercenaries from central Germany to fight in the colonies under the British flag. The only good news that spring was that Henry Knox, with a group of teamsters and oxen, had delivered 59 excellent field pieces of every des- cription and size to Boston after weeks of journey through treacherous snow from Fort Ticonderoga. After one surprise bombardment, the British eva- cuated their troops from Boston. The Americans’ joy was overshadowed by the realization that the British would return — perhaps landing. Accepting resolutions from the delegates of the thirteen colonies. Congress appointed a com- mittee to draft a response to the Crown, against such time as a vote for independence should take place. Conservatives were afraid that any further talk of Independence would “mean suicide” for the col- onies. They argued that it had been the English Parliament and not the King that had injured them. About this time, the Englishman Thomas Paine, newcomer to the colonies and friend of Ben Franklin, issued a pamphlet entitled “Common Sense.” Forming the committee were John Adams, cousin of the militant Sam Adams; Benjamin Franklin, the learned doctor, printer, statesman and writer; and accordingly all experience hath shown. that mankind are more disposed to suffer. u Thomas Jefferson, the thirty-three year old law- yer from Virginia who brought with him a repu- tation for literature, science, and a happy talent for composition; Roger Sherman from Connecti- cut; and Robert R. Livingston of New York. The actual task of drafting the paper fell to Jefferson, who protested that he already had pressing busi- ness in Williamsburg — that of drafting a work- able constitution for Virginia. The protestations were waved aside, and he was left alone to choose the words that would create a new republic. Oc- casionally during those “days before July,” Franklin or another colleague would visit to offer a minor change. On or about the 28th of June, Jefferson copied his “rough draft,” on which all later major changes were noted. The copy was presented to Congress the “First day of July,” ' ‘Tyranny, like Hell, is not easily conquered: yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph. ” Thomas Paine 1776 On this anniversary day, two hundred years ago, July 4, 1776, a bellman was waiting in the steeple of the red brick State House for a signal from a boy stationed at the door below. On the bell was an inscription from Leviticus: “Proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the in- habitants thereof’. Early in the evening, the boy clapped his hands and shouted, “Ring! Ring!” 1776. The Declaration was read and opened for debate. John Dickenson of Pennsylvania strongly ob- jected to the document: “I had rather forfeit popularity forever, than vote away the blood and happiness of my countryman ... it is like destroy- ing our house in winter . . . before we have another shelter.” Thus argued the man who would later defend America as a private in the Continental Army. John Adams spoke later in the day, as lightning crashed and driving rain pounded the Philadelphia State House. Nature herself, it seemed, suffered the selfsame pangs as those locked in heated debate within. The following day, as more delegates arrived, the vote for independence was taken and approved. Now it remained to vote for the Declaration itself, which would explain to the world why the fight for independence was necessary. 3vils are sufferable, than to right themselves by ng the forms to which they are accustom It was a jubilant sound signaling the colonies’ proclamation of freedom, yet doleful in its warn- ing of the dangers which lay ahead. A new nation would now have to earn its declared freedom. To do so its citizens pledged their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor. ,C( ii In congress, July 4. I77 5 -f - uJ a� 440mm4 t jK 4jclt U £.M£rca4 n t, 4 £jmttj Yr-W i - fr «-4 f fmY_i ar .L t n nt tt h — tf r trTfj-t ' M f ' J jAjj -nnr mnt ' y ' n -. 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